The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough.

Author: Barrough, Philip, fl. 1590.1583

THE METHODE OF PHISICKE, CONTEYNING THE CAVSES, SIGNES, AND CVRES OF INVVARD diseases in mans body from the head to the foote.

VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our Phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech medicine.

By Philip Barrough.

ANCHORA SPEI.

Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blacke-friers by Lud-gate. 1583.

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TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE AND HIS SINGVLAR GOOD LORD AND MAISTER THE LORD BVRGHLEY, HIGH TREASVRER OF ENGLAND KNIGHT OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER and one of the Queenes Maiesties most honorable priuie counsell. P. B. vvisheth all health, vvith long life and encrease of honour.

THE chiefest thing (Right Honorable and my singular good Lord) that emboldneth men to dedicate, their labours vnto any personage, is the affinitie betweene the matter of the worke, which they offer, and the minde of him to whom it is presented. And as the auncient comicall Poetes were wōt to pen such Enterludes, as they thought would be plausibly heard of their auditory: soe our common writers doe fashion and shape the subiect of which they entreat, according to the affection of him, whose patronage they require in countenaū cing their writings: this (I say) though it be practised of all writers now a daies, and migt haue serued as a fitte president for me to haue followed: yet haue I swarued and digressed from so generall a custome, in preferring this labour of mine to the vewe of your Honor (the matter so far dissenting from your Honors dispositions) so that as it may perhaps not without som colour be obiected, that I might haue prouided far better (had I bene any way sufficient) both for the acceptation of my labour, & also for the fit answering of your Honors affectiō, if I had treated of the politick gouernment of our contry, & of the weilding of a commonwealth: to the necessity of which calling, not Fortune the Queene of the old Philosophers, but God himselfe hath called, or rather enforced you if that opiniō of Plato be true, that euery good Magistrate taketh vpon him his office vnwillingly. But that obiection will sone be taken away, if we cōsider how foolish a thing it were to instruct [Page] him with his imaginarie precepts, whom (besides a great light of nature) most happie experience hath made a perfect & absolute gouernour. Plato that most graue and wise deemer of the state tyrannicall, was so many times conuicted of follie, howe often he aduentured in the presence of kinges to discourse of the regiment of a common wealth. Dionysius (of whom it was doubted, whether he did more harme by his extreame crueltie, or good by his prouident wisedome which both he left alike to his successours to imitate) called that notable Philosopher (whom I euen now named) in Scicilia of purpose to heare him, and with great patience listened to him, as he disputed of mannes felicitie and admired him as he handled those morall vertues, which Socrates his maister was feigned to haue brought from heauen, and as he treated of the frame & machine of the world: but on a time (taking aduauntage by the kinges attention) when he had stolne into the discourse of pollicie, Dionysius felt himselfe so moued, that he had exercised his tyrannie against him also, if Dio and Aristomanes had not recouered him out of his iawes, and so ridde him out of the land, by selling him to Polis the Lacedemonian marchaunt. And this was the verdict, that the wise king (when his furie was somewhat calmed) gaue of that most learned Philosopher for his holesome counsell (as he thought) namely, that his discourses seemed vnto him to be the prattles of idle olde men: so much experience disdaineth to be controlled by arte, and so impatient is he of institution, whose knowledg is acquired Vsu & Memoria, (the two auncient parentes of wisedom.) VVhat a great argument of follie therefore shall he giue, that shall go about to lay a plot for your Honor, from whence you may deriue an example of gouernment, who haue so many yeares in so troublesome a common wealth, and to the most wise & vertuous Princesse in the world ben reteined as a most honorable and graue counsellour? I will not say, as Zopyrus vnto Darius, or as Cineas vnto his Pyrrhus, or as Cresus vnto his Cyrus, the one of which by pollicie aduised his king to circumuent his enemies, the other allured them to his subiection by his eloquence, & the third by his own vnfortunat experience directed him howe to conuey any daungerous enterprise. All which serued their Princes to none other vse, but to helpe them to purchase the worst part of glorie by bloudie oppression: but rather as a Nestor vnto his Agamemnon, as a Zenophon vnto his Cyrus, & as a Plutarch [Page] vnto his Traian, which thought it not so glorious to tie their enemies to them by forced feare, as their friends and neighbours by peaceable amitie, the strongest gard that Princes can trust vnto. I must needes confesse that these cōparisons do faile in representing so much as I do conceiue, for that I may not feare the suspitiō of flatterie in so manifest a truth, can the whole Scene of mans life so gorgeouslie & stately set forth by the historiās of seueral ages, shew vs at one time, on one stage two such notable actors (namely) so redoubted, so perelesse, & so vertuous a Princesse holding the scepter, so graue, so wise, & so prouident a counseller susteyning the person of Eubolus? I would I might (my credit saued with your Honor) persue your prayses yet further, but I know very well, that you (who with an vnwearied affectiō do not cease continually to cōmit such vertuous deedes as deserue to be eternized for euer, are sone tired, when you heare them remembred by another. And truely I would not haue spoken so much for feare of offence, but that I know for a certainety, that you ascribe the being of your vertues to God the giuer of al good things, befor whō to extenuat our graces, I know not whither it be more blame worthy, thē shamelesly to assume vnto our selues, whatsoeuer is wrōgfully attributed vnto vs by our flattering friēds. But to what end (will you saie) are all these words? namely to this: to excuse my selfe, in that I haue not laboured to fit your affection in the presentmēt of this my labour, which is so impossible, in respect of your singular knowledg in al kind of good lerning, that there is no mā so selfwise or loftie, which feareth not to come vnder your learned censure. VVhich excellēcie of yours when I had loked into, & had found my selfe altogether vnable to answere: I purposed (as I thought) more politicklie to assaie your humanitie, which (in deed) graceth all the rest of your vertues, which (I thought) I might sone abuse in offering such a subiect, in which some study, & industrie (besides many yeares had made me in part able to iudge, & such a one, as the earnest affaires of the Common wealth, in which you are alwayes busied, togeather with the inconuenient vneasines of the studie hath kepte your Honor from being acquainted with. VVhich bold attempt of mine, your wisedome shall so much the easier be brought to pardon, by how much the more ernestly your rare clemencie encouraged me to enterprise it: for I do plainely confesse, that I haue not thought this Booke of mine worthy to be perused of your Honor, aswell because of mine owne vnability, [Page] who am altogeither insufficient to performe any thing that your Honor may like of, as also in respect of those manifold graces, wherewith the Lord hath filled you: by the vertue of which you could in a tongue (farre more eloquent then this of ours) discerne and know the secrets of phisicke which I haue now in part reuealed: If the common weale of vs all did not rather cary you away, then that delight which is otherwise reaped by priuate study. And yet neuerthelesse, when I consider with my selfe, that it was not the affectation of any popular praise, but an honest zeale to benefite my countrimen, which begotte in me this desire to publish this worke, and also (yf I may without the suspect of vaine glorie seeme to diuine of the issue of my laboures) perceiuing that they might bring some commodity vnto the more ignorant sorte of our common Practicioners & Aemperiques (if they were with diligence perused:) and thirdly, when I perceiued in my selfe a certaine earnest willingnes which I haue alwayes had (though of late it hath bene more vehemently inflamed) to commend some peece of seruice vnto your Honor: (I say) these causes meeting thus together did especially adduce me (though many doubtes stept afore me in mine enterprise, offring to reenforce my ouer presumptuous determinatiō) with such a bold confidency as it were to rush into your presence, and to demaund without any shew of merite your Honors most fauorable Protection, that this booke of mine (vnable of it selfe) may run vnder your Patronage, which as it were Gorgon his buckler, I will obuert and turne against all the venemous bitinges of sclanderous tongues. The Lord God, (who hath made you a notable instrument to worke the aduauncement of his glorie, the furtheraunce and propagation of good learning) lengthen & protract your life beyond your fatall period, and giue you a will to liue, a desire still to beare vp that burthen, which her Maiestie hath laid vpon your shoulders, & with these, all good successe in this world, and eternall happines in his kingdom.

Your Honours most humble seruaunt, PHILLIP BARROVGH.

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The preface to the Reader.

WHEN God had perfited that vvonderfull vvork of his (meane the frame of the vvorld) & had ascribed to euery part therof his especial duty▪ namely to the vvater to harbour fishes, to the aire to vphold all feathered foules, to the earth to foster beastes, & to produce & bring forth good & holsome herbes & trees: & ouer all these, as regent & gouernour, had appointed man his last & noblest creature: he demaunded of his Angelles vvho vvere present vvith him at this vvorke vvhat might be desired in this so rare and straung a vvorkemanship: vvho aunsvvered, nothing but a tongue to vnfolde the secretes of his labovvres, to talke & commune of them, vvith the vvhich also, he, as the vvorkeman of all, might be extolled & magnified, vvho partly moued vvith this suggestion, perceiuing it to be a notable meanes to aduaunce his glorie, as before he had infused into man a conceaueable minde, apt to vnderstand and his misteries: so novv he gaue him a tongue, able to vtter the sundrie conceptions of the harte vvhatsoeuer it imagined. This fable proceeding (I knovv not from vvhat braine) is remembred of Philo the levv, in his treatise of the vvorld vvhich seemeth to implie thus much, that as there is nothing vvithin this mortall circuite, that God hath, as it vvere kept to himselfe, and not made subiect to the industrious capacitie of man: so there is no meanes by vvhich a man can approch neerer vnto the perfection of that nature vvhich he first enioyed, and then lost by his fall, then by the painfull indagation of the secretes of nature, or anie vvaie, vvhereby he may more truely glorifie his maker, then in his life time vvith his tongue to communicate that knovvledge vvhich he hath by his industrie atcheiued, and to haue a care also, that it may be faithfully commended to his posteritie. And doubtlesse this vvas the consideration, that moued the vvise king Solomon to vvade so far in the searching of the causes of thinges, vvho abandoning all those glistering shevves vvhich his riches and kingdome profered him, applied his minde to the studie of nature, & compiled a great volume, vvherin he larglie discoursed not onely of birdes and beastes, but of all herbes and trees, euen from the cedar in Libanon, to Hisop that springeth out of the vvall. And the selfe same opinion of the excellēcie of that kinde of life hath from time to time inuaded the mindes of many kings & noble personages, vovving to them selues vvithout any light of their forefathers, to go through the cloudie darknesse of nature. And althoug they somtime stumbled, yet are they to be pardoned, if vve consider both the obscuritie and the length of the vvaie they vvent in. Zoroastes the reputed sonne of Noie vvas the first, that of manie confused experiments, began to fashion out & as it vvere to delineat the beginning of an art by setting dovvn cartaine preceptes of the same, & after him Osiris the king of AEgypt, and Zesostris also king of the same contry (though rudlie) laid the foundatiō of Astronomie by demonstration of the course of the heauens, & of phisicke by opening the nature of manie herbes, and also of the secretes of their vvater of Nilus. To the vvorthines of vvhich secrete, Plato that great philosopher did vvillingly subscribe, vvhen falling into a grieuous maladie in AEgypt, and beng not able by his ovvne experimentes (though he had assaied many) to cure him selfe, he vvas preserued by the Priestes of that countrie, vvho taught him the vertue of their vvater, vvhereas after, in remembraunce of this benefitte, he vvrote this verse, rehearsed by Laertius: Mare vniuersa proluit hominum mala: the sea doth vvashe avvaie all the infirmities of man. So that by this vve may see, that this noble and learned Philosopher [Page] had neuer brought vs nevves out of AEgypt, either of ther pollicie & gouernment of their countrie, or of the rare and exquisite knovvledge in Astronomie, if he had not tasted of the benefit, vvhich the Physicke of that time affoorded him. But vve vvill remember some of those kinges, vvho had an especiall fantsie to this art, vvhose names are de [...]olded and brought vnto vs by the succession of ages, though their vvorkes haue not escaped the vvracke, but haue perished in the Sea gulfe of antiquitie, vvhich hath svvallovved the doings of many men. And Mithridates the king of Pontus shall be the first, vvho at one time vndertoke tvvo mighty battels the one vvith the Remaines, the other vvith nature. In the last of vvhich the more daungerous he preuailed like a cō querour, and in the first he dealt so valiantly, that the glorie of his forepassed victories suppressed & killed the remembraunce of his last ouerthrovv. The vvhich (as Plinie remembreth) vvas a like profitable to the common vvealth and to mans life: for in his mannour vvhere he lay, there vvere founde many bookes vvritten by his ovvne handes, both of the vertues of herbes and of the constitution of mans bodie, vvith remedies of many infirmities of the same. Euax also the king of Arabia vvrot a booke of the effectes of simples, vvhich he dedicated to Nero the Emperour. But vvhat should I recken perticularly the names of euerie one, vvhen in former ages there vvas no king, either of AEthiopia, AEgypt, or Arabia, vvho did not himselfe either vvrite somevvhat concerning this art of Physicke, or else by his liberalitie encouraged others to emploie their times in the same? vvhich may make much (no doubt) to the credite of the arte, vvhen as kinges haue appropriated it to themselues, and haue thought themselues honoured by the profession of the same. And as many argumentes do induce me to beleeue besides the vvitnesse of the Historians, that Physicke is the arte, vvherein many kings haue trauailed and delighted: so nothing more strongly then this, that vvhereas other gods vvere tyed to their seuerall places, as Iupiter to Elis, Diana to Ephesus, Apollo to Delos, and so forth. AEsculapius the sonne of Apollo by the daughter of Phlegias made a god for his cunning in Physicke, hath his temple and altars euerie vvhere in Corinth, in Lacedemon, in Athens, in Thebes, in Epidaure, in Arcadia, Messenia, and in many other countries (as Pausanias remembreth) all vvhich honours vvhich vvere done to him (no doubt) vvere instituted by the kings and rulers of those countries, vho especially fauored that arte, thinking it great reason, that he vvho inuented an arte so generally auailable for mankinde, should be generally honoured of all men. And (I pray you) hovv much inferiour vvas the reno [...]ne of Hippocrates, vvho descended of his lyne, sauing that the one vvas placed amongest the gods in heauen, and the other reuerenced as a mortall god vpon earth? Did not he make Coos, the place vvhere he vvas borne, of an inglorious Iland, a famous contrie, onely by the accesse of other nations, vvho vvere brought thither by the report of his vvonderfull skill in Phisicke? vvhat familiaritie had he vvith kinges? vvhat estimation among the Philosophers of that time as Democrites and other? and to conclude, hovv vvas his fame spread vniuersally throughout all Greece? I vvill not tarie vpon the recitall of the famous Physitions, vvho haue lyued before vs in seuerall ages, as Dioscorides, Galen, Paulus AEtius, AEgineta and others. For it vvill easily appeare of vvhat credit this noble science of phisicke vvas in times past, if you consider the insolencitie and pride of auncient Physitions, vvherof many of them disdained the fellovvshippe of kinges, and some of them emboldned onely by the credit of their science purchased amongest men, grevv to such impudencie, that they vvould haue ceremonies and rightes performed vnto them as vnto godes. One such vvas Themison Ciprius the daintie of Antiochus, another vvas Thessalus [Page] vvhom Galen maketh mension of, vvho vvent about to innouate and chaunge the methode of physicke set dovvne by Hippocrates and others. But the most famous of all vvas Menecrates the Syracusan, vvho foolishly vsurped the name of Iupiter, oftentimes boasting, that by his arte he coulde breath life into mortall men after the manner of Iupiter, vvhich arrogant title the people neuer vvent about to derogate from him, but rather supposed that it vvas deserued on his parte, because he cured many of the falling euill, vvhich disease especially raigned in his time. This Menecrates in a certaine epistle vvhich he vvrot to Phillip the king of Macedon vseth these vvords: Thou art king of Macedon, and I of Physicke it lyeth in thy povver at thy pleasure, to destroy men vvhich enioy their health, and in mine to preserue sickemen, and restore dead men to life, and to keepe the health of men vnspotted euen vnto their olde age, if they vvill obey me. Vnreasonable surely and monstruous vvas the pride of this man, and it vvas so fed vvith the applause and approbation of his citizens vvho vvondred at his rare cunning, that he marched in the citie vvith a trayne of gods after him: one in the habite of Hercules, another in the shape of Mercurie, another tooke vpon him the form of Apollo, & he himselfe supereminent in the midst resembling Iupiter, vvore a purple robe, and a crovvne of gold vpon his head, & held in his hand a mightie scepter. The opinion of this science did so possesse the mindes of the people in those dayes, that they imagined the professour of the same to be sent immediatlie from heauen, for the commoditie of the vvhole countrie, and for the preseruation of mankinde: vvhich made them not to doubt to doe vnto them all superstitious reuerence that might be, vvhereof grevv this excessiue pride, vvhich hath arested as it vvere the mindes of many Physitions. I vvould not vvish that the Physitions of our time shoulde dravv this vnto an example, but rather vvith all lovvlynes to visit euen the poorest, vvhen their helpe is required: for seeing that the life of the most miserable vassall is as deare in the sight of God, as the life of the most renoumed Monarch, shall not the Physitiō looke to haue a shrevvd check at Gods hand, if either he hath proudly denied his help to the poore, or negligently visited them? I vvill not discend into this common place, though (to speake the truth) the arrogancie of many of our Physitions might giue me sufficient occasion, vvishing them to leaue of to imitate the svvelling insolencie of Mencerates, and the rest, and to tracke, rather in the stepes of Hippocrates and Galen, of vvhom it is thus vvritten, that they neuer disdayned to shroude them selues vnder the simplest roofe in their countrie, to doe the poorest man good. And as they themselues saide (besides the glorie that they purchased by their curteous benignitie) they added alvvayes to their cunning, and by experience confirmed their arte and knovvledge, vvhich might vvell stagger, if you respect the infinite varietie of diseases, and the straunge diuersities of mens dispositions. And truely if nothing else, yet the enriching of their knovvledge vvhich is gathered especially by long experience, might be cause good enough to attract and dravv them to laie holde of anye occasion to goe to the diseased person. And in mine opinion, the neglecting of this, vvhich proceedeth either from couetousnes or pride, hath bene the onely cause, that euen from the beginning, there haue bene reckened so fevv good Physitians: For (exempt onely Hippocrates, Galen, Auricen, AEginet [...], Aetius, and Soranus, though the number of common Physitians hath bene great) you shall not finde anie that haue climed vp to the perfection of their science, nay farre from that vvhich might chaleng the fift or sixte place. VVhich although some men vvill ascribe to the laborious difficultie and confused vastenes of this arte especially: yet I dare boldly affirme, that there hath not bene nor is, any such blocke or stay, vvhich hath impeached so much their [Page] endeauors, as the defect of experience. And truely I cannot more fitly compare our ampiriques and practisioners, then to him that puposeth to be a seaman & trauailer, vvho though he studiouslie striueth to attaine to the perfection of his arte, though he carefully busieth about the cosmographicall mappes, though he industruously peruseth the bookes of nauigation, naie (that vvhich is more) though he diligently conferreth vvith verie expert saylers: yet vvhen he hath forsaken the quiet hauen, and launched out into the rough seas, and hath taken vpon him the gouernment of the ship, vvhen he shall behold so manie horrible mountaines of vvater, the roaring of so many huge vvaues, and the outraging surges of the disquieted monstre, he vvill then confesse that he onely dreamed before, vvhen he imagined of the course of the seas, that his bookes vvere lame scholemaisters, that the tales of his companions vvere a great deale lesse then the things thē selues: vvhen he shall cast vp his eyes and thinke that euerie starre vvhich he had hoped to haue vsed as guides and directions, had threatened his ruine & destruction, vvhē he shall looke dovvne and tremble at the rising of euerie vvaue, vvhen he shall turne him about, & vvith great feare seeke to eschue those rockes, vvhich he had read vvere c [...]uched in that part of the sea, & to cōclude, vvhen he shall consider the hugenes of the ocian sea, & the smalnes of his barke, he vvill thinke sure the least pirrie or gale vvere of force to ouervvhelme him, not vvithstanding his great cunning he had thought he had gained one the land: Euen so fareth it vvith our common physitians, vvho, vvhile ther containe them selues vvithin the compasse of their litle studie, vvhere they doe as it vvere, è tabula pictos ediscere mundos, vvhere they perceiue their science redicted into a methode, vvhere they see Galen reaching his hand to them to lead them throughout the vvhole bodie of phisicke, by vvhom they are taught the constitution of the body, the diuer sitie of temperature, the varietie of diseases, the causes, signes, and simptomates of the same, they straightvvaie imagine, that they haue runne the race, and that they haue acquired as much knovvledge as becommeth an AEmpirique. But after that, vvhen they shall go into the commō vvealth to practise, vvhen th [...]y shall meete vvith diseases, vvhich Galen neuer dreamed of, vvhen they shall veivv the maruelous and secret affections and proprieties of mens bodies, the sodaine and momentanie changes of the same (vvhich a man can scarcelie follovv vvith his minde) vvhen they shall perceiue, that in respect of the straung temperature of the bodie, and the violent alteration of the same, they scarcelie can arme at the disease, vvhen they shall strike vpon so many rockes, besides their great paines and vvatchfull industrie: vill it not (thinke vve) amase them? vvill they not confesse then, that their arte is vnperfect? vvill they not acknovvledge (thinke you) that as experience vvas the auntient beginner of phisicke: so, that novv it is the true and sincere accomplisher of the perfection of the same? Since therefore the case so standeth that art is vveake vvithout practise, and that (as Galen saith) experience is gotten longo rerum vsu: let the Phisition (if he doth not prefer lying fame and vile lucre before true and absolute knovvledge) let him (I saie) that his minde may be enriched, not leaue the poorest house vnfrequented. But to saie the truth, there is nothing derogateth so much from the excelling in their science, as doth the opinion of perfection, vvhich is especially gotten by the iudgement of the multitude, the peruerse determiner of thinges. For vvhen a man knovveth his name to slie amongst thē, he sitteth still, and admireth himselfe, thinking then, that he hath studied enough both for him selfe and his countrie, vvhen he hath gotten his name enrolled amongest the number of excellent Phisitians by that ignoraunt and vnaduised register. I haue spoken this by the vvay, and the interiection of these fevv lines hath not made me to forget [Page] (good Reader) that I before discoursed of the glorie of this science, and hovv it hath bene accounted of in times past: the dignitie vvherof, though it be somthing lessened & empayred (vvhich vvhether it hath happened by the ignoraunce of our Physitians, or by the sinister opinion of the vvorld I vvill not novv discusse) yet if vve vvill vprightly vvaigh vvith our selues, vve may perceiue that the iudgmēt of men hath not any vvhit detracted from the true dignitie of the thing it selfe. For truly vvhat can be more noble thē to preserue the body of mā in a good estate, vvhich of the philosophers is termed a litle vvorld, in respect of the varietie of his seuerall functions? vvhat can be more excellent then to be able to maintaine & kepe in order that best vvorkmanship of God, & (that vvhich is more) to correct, reforme & amēd it, & as it vvere a cūning Pylot to gouerne & rule it as a litle vessell cast out into the great ocean, subiect (I do not knovv) to hovv many rockes & dangers, if it be not vprightly vveilded? And seeing there is nothing giuen vnto vs of God, more acceptable then the health of the bodie, hovve honorablie must vve thinke of the meanes, by vvhich it is continued and restored if it be lost? Pirrhus the king of Epir did sacrifice vnto no other god or goddesse, but onely vnto health, to vvhom he erected a famous temple in his ovvne countrie, calling it Templum sanitatis. He contemned or at the least neglected all oracles vvhich other princes busilie sought after, as predictions of the euentes and successes of the battailes vvhich they attempted, or any other the like enterprise. He craued nothing at the handes of the gods, but onely the fruition of his health, thinking that industrie & diligence, meeting vvith the health of the bodie, vvere able to atchiue anie thing, vvere it beset vith neuer so many daungers. And in mine opinion (as the Historian verie grauelie discourseth) men do folishlie erre, vvhen they complaine of nature, for lymiting the age of man vvithin the compasse of so fevv yeares, as three or foure score: vvhenas truely, if the matter vvere vvell expended, vve vvould confesse, Industriam potius quam tempus deesse (as he saith) and that there is no arte or science, be it neuer so difficult, but might be perfectlie knovven vvithin that short precinct, if the greater parte of our life did not passe and vanish avvaie in darknesse (slouth and ignoraunce drovvning and ouervvhelming in vs all light of nature) or if the course thereof vvere not interrupted and cut of by vntimely death, vvhich is hastened on our partes by our inordinate and heedelesse lyuing. The youg man flourishing as it vvere in the Aprill of his age, cockereth in himselfe a foolis imaginatiō of his ovvn lustinesse, & reputeth it as a discredit to him to seeme to feare the approache of any disease, leauing the prouident gouernmēt of the bodie to decrepite and vvythered olde age. In the meane time he layeth the reyne vpon his affections, and exposeth himselfe to anie inconuenience: either he vveltreth in idlenesse, or is tyred vvith immoderate exercise, or (that vvhich is incident speciallie to that part of our age) he admitteth vnseasonable vvatchinges, surfetting bankets, & the vnsatiate execution of the follies of Venus, thinking in deede that there is nothing lesse agreeing vnto youth and adolescencie, then to be pliant and obedient to anie commendable and holsome method of life: yea many of them are of this minde, that the time of their youth is infamously ouerslipped, vvhen they doe not rush in their voluptuous and inordinate demeanour at vvhat time the lustie prime of their age doe somevvhat enable and support them: & if at any time they be ouertaken vvith anie infirmitie (vvhich often happeneth) as vnvvilling to be beholding to the science of Phisicke, they leaue it to be vvorne avvay by rhe strength of their bodie, vvhich in deede I confesse hideth many diseases, and for the time taketh avvaie the sence of them, but it neuer vtterlie extinguisheth anie: for although in the infancie of the infirmitie, in respect of the [Page] vveakenes of it, is be easily depressed & ouermaistred by the valure of the bodie (vvhich in youth is something puissaunt and forcible) yet vvhen age comming one vvith his stealing steppes, or else recklesse life doth detract from the force of the one, and maketh vvay for the other to spreade & gather povver, the disease being as it vvere the suruiuour possesseth the vvhole bodie, and at the last procureth his vtter subuersion. And manie times it happeneth that a disease breaketh out in old age, the cause vhereof perhaps vvas giuen in our youth. And it fareth vvith vs, as it doth vvith them vvhich are bitten vith that little serpēt of Arabia, vvhich striketh a man, but so secretly, that he neuer feeleth it, neither doth he knovv it but by the vvound vvhich shevveth it selfe a long time, after the foundation thereof vvas laid. The opinion that the auncient Physitions had of the effect of snovv vvater is of force to persvvade this, vvho haue vvrittē, that if snovv resolued into vvater be dronkē of a yong childe, it vvill as it vvere maintaine vvarre against naturall heat, and that vvith such continuance, as it vvill not shevve his effect, vntill he hath attained vnto extreame old age. I doe not altogeather beleeue this, although the great colde vvhich is naturally in that vvater, may lead me to think, that it is of a mightie operation. But there is nothing more certaine then this, that many men, reposing to much trust in the strength of their bodies, & so being carelesse in gaine-standing and resisting the beginninges of many maladies (vvhich their dissolute order of life hath begotten and engendred) haue ben yoked by old age before the course of their yeares did require it, and haue brought it so to passe that their bodies haue bene nothing else, but storehouses and mansions of diseases. VVhich kinde of men I may vvell compare to an euill & negligēt tenaūt, vvho being setled in a faire dvvelling house by his Landlord, suffereth it to ruinate and in the end to fall vpon his ovvnt head for vvant of repayring: so they, vvhen God hath bestovved their bodies vpon them as gorgeous pallaces or mansion houses, vvherein the minde may dvvell vvith pleasure and delight, do first by their euill demeanour shake, and discrase them, and then being altogeather careles of repairing them, do suffer them to run to destruction, or else vvhile they go about to late to vnderprop them declining to ruine, (as he that is lodged in an old cabbin feareth, least vvith euerie puffe of vvind it shoulbe ouerturned) so they quake at the least alteration of their bodie, and at euerie little paine, doe expect a finall dissolution: then vvill they confesse vnto you, that vvhile they ryoted vnaduisedlie in their youth they did but build matter for repentaunce in age. And vvhat do they else but by their examples giue vs to learne, that as the interception and praescision of diseases is very auaileable, vvhich carieth a man throughout his race vvith pleasure and delight, so that nothing commeth more neere vnto the goodnes thereof, then (if by chaunce vvhen vve be plunged into any disease) carefully to prouide that the beginning therof may be impeached: the vvhich that thou maiest the better do, I haue (good Reader) for thy benefit, collected out of sundrie authours, as it vvere a breuiarie or abridgement of phisicke, and togeather vvith those diductions, I haue interlaced experimentes of mine ovvne, vvhich by long vse and practise I haue obserued to be true. Throughout the vvhole booke I haue bene more curious in prescribing the sundrie curations and vvaies to helpe the diseases, then in explaning the nature of them, my reason vvas, because if my bookes should come to the handes of the vnlearned a little vvould suffice (the former being more necessarie.) Againe I knevv, that the learned vvould not be contented or satisfied vvith it, though it had bene neuer so great: and yet I haue not omitted anie necessarie signe, that the disease may appeare easily to any capable braine. I shall seeme boldly to haue aduentured the edition of this labour, seeing that I shall run into the babble of our countrie phisitians, [Page] vvho thinke their art to be discredited, vvhen it is published in so base a tongue▪ and againe, are loath to haue the secretes of their science reuealed to euerie man. In deede I knovv that vnder some colour they may obiect somevvhat, but yet they may vnderstād, that I haue follovved the example of many learned Phisitians both of our Englishmen & other countrie men also, vvho published their practises in their mother tongue, & in other countries especially it is so rife & commō, that in Italie & Fraūce you shall not find any learned Phisitian, that hath not vvritten as much, (nay rather more) in his ovvne countrie language, then in Latine: yea vve haue many bookes in phisick, that haue first bene set out in French and Italian, and aftervvard for the commoditie of other nations, haue bene translated into latine, and so made generall, vvhich before the vvriter had as it vvere bequeathed to his countrimen. And no doubt they vvere all touched vvith an especiall care to profit their ovvne countre, being vvilling that all men (as in deede it concerneth all) should reape the commodities of their labours. For I cannot see hovv that saying of Quintilian can be verified in this one arte (vvhich is this) that then all artes should be truely happie, vvhen the professours of the same should only iudge of thē, but I haue alvvaies bene of this minde, that it behoueth euerie man to be cunning in his ovvn constitution, & to knovv so much as may serue to forestall the cōming of many ordinarie diseases, vvhich commonly light vpon the ignoraunt: yea & sometime to be able to chase avvay a maladie vvhen it hath alreadie caught hold of the bodie: my reason is, both because euerie man may iudge best of his ovvne bodie, and perceiue the declininges and alterations of the same, And againe vve knovv, hovv many haue died, and do die continuallie for vvant of helpe, (the Phisitian being not alvvaies at their elbovve) vvhereas in the beginning of their sicknesse, a litle knovvledge might haue stopped the passage of the infirmitie. In the old time vvhen phisicke vvas brought vnder no forme, but consisted onely of a fevv experimentes vvhich passed from hand to hand, yong children together vvith other artes did receiue certaine preceptes and rules, hovv to order and gouerne the bodie, and learned also preseruatiues against poisons, and the receipt of salues to cure any greene vvound, and the meanes to helpe certaine ordinarie diseases, vvhich (in deede) vvere but fevv (the age of man being thē far more strong.) VVe read hovv Linus, vvho vvas scholemaister to Hercules vvhen he had instructed him in the arte of vvrestling, (vvhich then vvas honoured especially) and in Musicke, that he gaue him the receipt of a certaine balme, vvhich he often vsed in many of his aduentures. And vvhat vvas it, that gaue matter to the fable of Achilles, hovv his mother Thetis had made his bodie impenetrable, but that knovvledge of his vvhich he had learned of his maister Chyron the centaure, vvho taught him the vertue of an herbe, vvhich to this daie bereth his name, by vvhich he healed all his vvounds he receiued in battaile? VVhat an honorable mension doth Homer make of Machao and Podalirius the sonnes of Aesculapius, in that they could cure themseues, vvhen they vvere at anie time hurt of the enemie? This cunning also had Mithridates, and Fabricius the Romaine he that vanquished Pirrhus, and also Marcus Curius and many other vvho are recorded by Histories, vvhose names I vvould remember, if I did not see the enlarging of this common place by examples to be altogether vnnecessarie, vvhen there is no man vvhich so farre svvarueth from common sense, that vvill not confesse it to be verie expedient & needefull for all to knovv the estate of their ovvne bodies. I vvill therfore foresake the prouing of so manifest a thing, and returne vnto thee (good Reader) vvhom I haue alreadie offended in exceeding the iust length of a Preface, like vnto that vvaiefaring man, vvho vvhen he had purposed to vndertake a long iourney, stumbled euen in the verie [Page] thresshold of his doore. But if it be an offence, I did voluntarilie run into it, choosing rather to be carped at of the Rethorician for vsing too many vvordes, then to be vvorthely reprehended of the readers for being to sparing in vttering the reasons, vvhereby I vvas first adduced to publish this my labour. For I knovv not hovv it commeth to passe, yet vve see it dailie, that ridiculous t [...]res and absurde pamphlettes being put f [...]rth vvithout any colour, be neuerthelesse plausiblie and pleasingly accepted: vvhereas a mā [...]ed vvith an honest care to profit his countrie, being vvilling to leaue a testimonie of the same behinde him, vvhen he offreth to publish any vvorke, if it hath not a delectable subiect, it behoueth him to shevv many graue and substantiall reasons of his doings, or else they vvill not yeld their hoped for benefit, vvhich is to be benignelie construed and perused vvith humanitie, so that if a man couet to haue his bookes fauorablie accepted and read, he must behaue himselfe so in vvriting, as Solon did in framing his lavves, vvho (as Plutarch saith) did not fashion them according to the true line of equitie, but set dovvne such as he thought the people vvould vvillingly obserue: euen so the iniquitie of the time hath brought to passe, that those bookes vvhich are generally perused and read throughout, must not serue the time, but must satisfie the opinions of mē. A man may easely discourse of this, but the fantasies of man are to variant to preuaile a vvhit in dissuading them. For mine ovvne parte (that I may novv ende) I haue not sought or hunted after any vaine glorie by the edition of this my labour, but onely I haue endeuoured by this meanes (being vnable any vvaie else) to do some good to my countrymen, vvhich desire of mine shall sufficiently comfort me, though I vvant the outvvard approbation of the vvorld. And yet this one thing I vvoulde craue at the handes of the learned, that If by chaunce my bookes come vnder their censure, they vvill either giue them their good vvord, or else suffer themselues to be iudged of by perfourming the like labour. And as Martiall pretilie sung.

Cum tua non edas, carpis mea carmina Leli,

Carpere vel noli nostra, vel ede tua.

though in deede this supplication of mine may rather more fitly be preferred vnto the vnlearned, vvho thinke they haue gotten a goodly meanes to purchase their ovvne credit, vvhen they can vnder some colour maligne the doings of any man, as though others vvell doinges vvere as impeachmentes to their estimations, or the errours of other men the subiect and matter of their praises. Those kinde of serpentes (I say) vvhich doe nothing else but picke quarrelles vvith authours, I vvould aduise either to speake themselues, or (if their ignoraunce vvill not let them) to lay their finger on their mouth till other men tell their tale, and not to make their haruest of other mens offences vnvvillingly committed, vvhiles they themselues rest vnable to doe any vvhit of good. And thus (good Reader) I vvill abruptly ende, expecting thy fauorable acceptation of these my laboures, vvhich expectation of mine (if it be not deluded) I shalbe further encouraged to consecrate the residue of my studies to thy commoditie.

Phillip Barrough.

[Page]

An INDEX OR TABLE OF ALL THE EVILS AND diseases vvith their causes, signes, iudgementes, and cures, vniuersally conteyned in the fiue bookes folloving.

Of the Apoplexy. 25
Of the Asthma. 64
Of Abhorring of meate. 85
Of a doglike Appetite. 86
Of the cure of Abscessions. 216
Of a tumor called Aquosum Apostema. 253
Of the swelling caled Apost. 299

Of blearednes of the eyes. 44
Of blacke & blew markes. 45
Of bleeding at the nose. 51
Of the stone in the bladder. 133
Of bloud broken out of the bladder or crudded in it. 133
Of vlcers of the bladder, and his necke. 135
Of the remedie against Barraines. 157

Of Carus or Subeth. 22
Of Congelation or taking 23
Of the Crampe. 32
Of a Cataracte. 39
Of the Inflamation of the Columella. 58
Of a loose Columella. 59
Of the Coughe. 63
Of Choler. 93
Of the Colicke. 101
Of Cachexia, or euil state of the bodie 121
Of the losse of carnall copulation. 142
Of sore trauail in childbirth. 159
Of the Carbuncle, the Cancre & the euill called Sphaselus. 226
Of the cure of a Carbuncle. 227
Of a cancrous tumor called Cancer Apostematosus. 273

Of Dead sleepe. 24
Of Deafnes & slow hearing. 49
Of distilatiō, reume & horenes. 53
Of euill Digestion. 88
Of the Dropsie. 121
Of the Dropsie Anasarcha. 123
Of the Dropsie Ascites. 124
Of the Dropsie Tympanites. 125

Of Exulceration of the priuy mē bres. 140
Of Exulcerat. of the wombe. 150
Of a feuer Ethicke. 189
Of the generall method of curing the abscessiōs called Exiturae. 212
Of Erysipelas and other tumours caused of choler. 233
Of the signes and tokens of a true Erysipelas. 235
Of the cure of Erysipelas. 236

Of the Frenisie. 17
Of the Falling sicknes. 31
Of great Famine. 87
Of the Fluxe Diarrhaea. 94
Of the Fluxe Lienteria. 96
Of the Fuxe Dysenteria. 97
Of the clefts of the fundamēt. 109
Of womens Fluxe. 149
An exposition of Feauers. 168
The table of Feuers. 170
Of one dayes Feuer. 171
Of a diary Feuer lasting mo daies 175
Of a rotten Feuer called Synochus, 186
Of a continuall Feuer. 178
Of a burning Feuer. 180
Of the euils called Formicae. 243

Of the gout in the feet and ioynctes. 164
Of the euil called Gangraena and Sphacelus. 230
Of the cure of Gang. & Spha. 231
Of the diseases called Glandulae, Nodi, and Strumae. 255

Of Headach. 1
Of Headach caused of heat. 2
Of Headach caused of cold. 4
Of Headach caused by drines, or moysture. 5
Of Headach caused of bloud. 6
Of Headach caused of choler. 7
Of Headach caused of fleame. 8
Of headach caused of windines. 9
Of Headache caused of the stomach. 10
Of Hedach caused by drōknes. 11
O Headach caused by feuers. 11
Of inueterate Headach. 12
Of the Haemorrhoides. 107
Of an Haemitryce feuer. 197
Of herpes both miliaris & exedēs which do associat Erysipelas. 239

Of Impostumes breeding in the eares. 50
Of Inflammation of the tōsils. 59
Of Inflammatiō of the loūges. 67
Of Inflāmation of the pappes. 79
Of Inflāmatiō of the stomach. 84
Of the Iliaca Passio. 103
Of Inflammatiō of the liuer. 113
Of Inflāmation of the splene. 116
Of the laundyse. 113
Of Inflāmation of the reines. 126
Of Inflāmatiō of the bladder. 134
Of Inflāmation of the womb. 154
Of tumours aboue nature called Inflationes. 250

Of the Lithargie. 19
Of the weaknes of the Liuer. 11 [...]
Of obstruction of the Liuer. 112

Of the Mygrime. 1 [...]
Of Memorie lost. 2 [...]
Of the Maare. 34
Of Madnes. 34
Of Melancholie. 35
Of lack of Milcke. 76
Of aboundance of Milke. 77
Of Milke that is curded. 78
Of stopping of Menstruys. 145
Of flowing of Menstruis. 148
Of the Mole in the Matryce. 153
Of straitnes of the Matryce. 150

Of Oedema, and other phlegmatick and flatuous tumors. 145
Of the cure Oedema. 247

Of the Palsey. 26
Of Panicles. 42
Of the Palsey in one membre. 30
Of Pustules or bladders in the eyes. 44
Of Payne in the eares. 84
Of Payne in the teeth. 54
Of the Plurisie. 65
Of the Ptisicke. 71
Of Panting of the hart. 73
[Page]Of vnmeasurable pissing. 130
Of difficultie of Pissing. 138
Of the Pestilence. 192
Of a true Phlegmone, & of other tumors engēdred of bloud. 218
Of the causes, signes, and iudgementes of Phlegmone. 219
Of the order of curing of Phlegmone. 221

Of a Quartaine feauer. 185
Of a Quodian feuer. 188

Of Reines that send fo [...]h bloudy vrine. 125
Of the stone in the Reynes. 128
Against vlcers of the Reynes. 131
Of bursting or Ruptures. 143

Of skin growing in the eyes. 43
Of sound or noise in the eares. 49
Of a stincking mouth. 56
Of the Squinancie. 61
Of Spitting of blould. 68
Of Spitting of matter. 60
Of Sounding. 74
Of the Syncope. 110
Of weaknes of the Stomach. 79
Of paine of the Stomach. 83
Of windines of the Stomach 90
Of distempure of the Splene. 115
Of hardnes of the Splene. 117
Of obstruction of the Splene. 118
Of the strangurie. 137
Of sheading of Sperme. 147
Of the Sciatica. 162

Of trembling and shaking. 37
Of teeth that be black & lose. 55
Of malignant vlcers of the Tonsills. 60
Of immoderate Thyrst. 82
Of Tenasmus. 100
Of the faling out of the Tuel. 109
Of a pure intermitting Tertiā. 180
Of a bastardly Tertian. 184
Of the differences of those Tumours which chaunce besides nature. 200
Of the causes of Tumors aboue nature. 206
Of the signes of Tumors besides nature. 209
Of hard and Scirrhus Tumors ingendred of melancholie. 267

Of Vertigo and sweaming of the head. 15
Of Vlcers in the nose. 51
Of Vlcers in the mouth. 55
Of stopping of the Vrine. 138
Of the iudgementes and cure of the euils Verrucae. 144

Of a Webbe or Cataract. 39
Of Wormes. 105
Of strangling of the Womb. 150
Of falling out of the Womb. 151
Of windines in the Wombe. 155

Of Yelking and vomiting. 81
Of Yelking or hicket. 91
Of the continuall standing of the Yearde. 140

FINIS TABVLAE.

Of Ʋ Ʋeightes. A briefe declaration of the notes of all those kindes of weightes, which are generally vsed and contayned throughout this whole booke, and of the quantitie of them.

FOrasmuch as the true & perfect knowledge in compounding of medicines cannot be attained vnto without the knowledge of the quantitie of the weightes, which are at this present day most commonly vsed in making of medicines: I will therfore here briefly declare the vse of them: for seeing that the weight of some medicines be so iustly & certainely ordeyned & made (that if any man do chaunce rashly to erre in the true quā titie thereof, he doth much hurt to the bodie, and many times putteth the life in ieoperdie: you must therefore diligently endeuour and apply your minde to studie and consider of the medicines, that so you may haue the more full and perfect knowledge thereof. The notes which I (following the order of other Physitians) haue vsed in this my booke in writing of weightes be these, as followeth.

1. Grana. haue this note. G.
2. Scrupuli. haue this note. ℈.
3. Drachmae. haue this note. ʒ.
4. Vnciz. haue this note. ℥.
5. Quar. haue this note. qr.
6. Librae. haue this note. lb.
7. Semis. haue this note. ss.
8. Manipuli. haue this note. M.
9. Pugilli. haue this note. p.
10. Ana. haue this note. ana.

A graine is a barely corne taken in the midst of the eare

A scruple is twentie barely cornes.

Three scruples containe a drachme.

Eight drachmes containe an ounce.

Quart. signifieth a quarte of any thing.

Libra is a pound.

Semiss. is the halfe of euerie weight.

Manipulus. is a great handfull.

Pugillus. is a small handfull.

Ana. signifieth of euerie one alike much.

[Page 1]

THE METHOD OF PHISICK OF PHILIP BARROVGH CONTEINING THE CAVSES, SIGNES AND Cures of inward diseases in mans body, from the head to the foote. THE FIRST BOOKE.

The first Chapter, Of headache.

GALEN the Prince of Phisitions, affirmeth,Differences of paine in the head 3. that there are onely three sundrie paines in the head: whereof the one is called of the Greekes [...], Cephalalgiae, and of the Latines Capitis dolor, the barbarous sort of Phisitions call it Soda. In English it is called commonly 1 the headach. The second kind is called of the Greekes [...], and 2 in Latine likewise it is called so Cephalaea. In English it may be called a long continuing or inueterate headach. The thirde is called of the 3 Greekes, [...], Hemicrania also is the Latine name for it. English it is called the migrime. Of the two last kindes shall mention be made hereafter, for now we will entreate of the first kind, declaring onely in this chapter, what it is and what be the generall causes thereof, and then in the chapters next following, shal the signes and cures of ech cause be declared. Vnderstand therefor first,VVhat Cephalalgia or S [...] da is. that Cephalgia is no thing else but a laboriouse and painefull sense, and feeling newly begonne in the whole head, through some great mutation thereof, this word newly is added to make it differ from Cephalaea, which is an old paine that hath long continued: and the whole head is added to make it differ from Hemicrania, which occupieth but the one half of the head. Note also that by the head we meane so much as is couered with heare, wherin paine is engendred,The diuersity of places that paine is in. sometime without the scull and sometime within, sometime in all the outward partes, and sometime in all the inward partes, sometime not in all, but in one parte, as in the Arteries onely, or the vaines, or sinewes, or the filmes, or the skin, or in the braine it selfe, but these differences,VVhether the headache be with in the skull or without it. as Galen testifieth, be very hard to know. But this may easily be knowen whether the paine be within the scull or without it, if you consider well the headach: for if the paine be extended to the rootes and bottome of the eyes, the paine is within the scull, for vnto the eyes are certain branches deriued from the braine, and from the filmes, and other vessels that are about it: so that the paine will quickly come from them to the rootes of the eyes, but if the paine that is felt, do not extend to the eye rootes, then is the ache without the scull.Causes of headache generall. This paine of the head generally (as also all other paines) is caused of an vnequall distempure comming with humors, or without, especially when it is hote or cold, or it is caused by solution of partes coherent, or of both. But as for particular and speciall causes of the head,Causes of headache speciall. there be very many. For sometime it commeth only of a simple distempur without any humours, and sometime it commeth thorough the euill quality of humors, sometime it commeth through [Page 2] great aboundance of humours, sometime through humoures, that stoppe the passage of the vapoures and moisture in the head: sometime through windines engendred in some parte of the head, being weake. Also sometime headache is caused of some disease in the stomacke: sometime of an outward cause as of heate of the Sunne, of great colde, of dronkennes, or of some stripe, or wound. Hereby it appeareth that the headach is engēdred of seuen sundrie causes, which are to be knowen by ther proper signes, wherof we will speake more at large in the chapters following, for in this chapter they shalbe but brieflie touched. Note therfor that the headach,Signes of eche cause of headache generally. which is caused of a simple distēpure without humours, is not easie to be knowen, except a man be well excercised in Phisicke, and by muche and diligent looking of the griefe: but that paine of the head is most vehemēt, which is caused of a simple distempure being hote or colde. The headache, that is caused of drinesse, is moderate. As for a moist distempure alone doeth cause noe headach, except it be ioyned with heate or colde, or with aboundance of humours, or sharpnes of thē. Yf paine of the head doth come through aboundance of humours, contained in one parte of the head, or in two, or in all partes, the paine is more vehement, that commeth of hote humours, or of colde, that which commeth of drie thinges is more moderate, yf ther be not manifest heat or colde ioyned with them, as for moyst thinges touching ther qualitie, doe cause noe paine at all, but with ther quātity they maie fill the passages and soe cause paine. If aboundance of all foure humours equaly, or of bloud alone doe cause headache without obstruction and stopping of the passages, it maketh the head heauie and full, as it were stretched out and swolne, but if the multitude of humours be with obstruction, it causeth moderate paine if the obstruction be but little, but if the obstruction be great, ther shall be very great paine. Also if the multitude of humours haue a sharpe and byting qualitie, according to that qualitie the paine will be pricking and shooting, if with the heauines or stretching of the head therbe beating, and as it were a pulse, it betokeneth inflammacion in the head. But if the stretching be present without heauinesse or pulse, it declareth aboundance of windye Spirits, and in this kind of headach, there wilbe noise in the eares. Those, that haue headach comming of an externall cause, as of heate of the Sunne, cold of the ayre, dronckennesse, stripes, or of any hote sauours, can easily tell them selfes the cause therofe. Seeke for signes more particular in the Chapters next following.

CAP. II. Of headache caused of heat.

VNderstande, that by heat, in this chapter, is ment, a hoate distempure without any kind of humour.Causes. It is engendred for the most parte of the burning heat of the Sunne in Sommer, when any body hath taried long in it. Also it is somtime caused of immoderate mouing or by hoate bathes, or by being long nigh the flame of the fier, or through anger, or furiousnes, or last of all through hoate dyseases, or hoate sauours of outward things. The signes which declare headach by burning heate of the Sunne,Signes. are that besydes vehement paine, you shall feele their head hoate assone as you touche it, and ther skinne drier then it was wonte to be, ther eyes doe looke redde, and they are delyghted with the sprinckling, or annoynting of colde things, and doe feele great ease by them. As for the other causes, they maie be knowen by relation of the sicke.Diet. For the cure of this kinde of headache you must first prouide, that the ayer and the chamber wherin the sicke abydeth,Ayer. be very cold of nature, or els it must be made so by your diligence, as by strowing in the house, flowers, and braunches of cold thynges (as roses, violettes, water lillie flowers, and vyne leaues, bryer bowes, willowe and suche lyke.) Also it will coole the ayre well to sprinckle cold water in the house, or to poure it out of one vessell into another.Sleepe. Great respect must be had to his sleeping, for he must sleepe longer then he wonte to doe, he must altogether eschew long watchinge, and keepe him selfe quiet: he must not retaine his excremētes but auoyd them by and by after sleepe if he can, or let natur be helped to expell them by a lenityue clister, for ther retention encrease paine in the head. [Page 3] Let him eschewe carnall copulation, excercyses, and bathes. Let hym eschewe all perturbations of the minde, especially anger and furye. Let him haue but little meate,Meate. of good digestion, and let it be colde in operatiō, as is bread dipped in cold water, iuice of plysan, letuse, endiue, purselaine, fleshe of chickens, hennes or pigeons, with veriuyce made of grapes. Fyshes are good that come out of stony riuers, and that are tender. Also almōd milke, pomegarnettes, raisons and rype peares may be gyuen to him. He must abstaine from milke, and meates, that fume into the head, or that be hard of digestion. For his drinke,Drinke. let hym vse water altogether, if his stomacke will beare it, if not, seathe a litle Cynamon in it, or Coriander sead preparate, or mixe with the water iuyce of sower pomegarnettes, or syrupe of Endyue, or Syrupus acetosus simplex, or oxy saccharum: or yf they cannot abide that, you may giue them small wyne well alayed with water. The payne of the head caused of heat, is cured with such thinges as doe coole, without manifest restriction,Cure. especiallie yf they be of thinne and percing substance. Therefore in the beginning nothing is better then to poure vpon the head good oyle of roses, made of vnrype oyle,Oyle of roses. and yf a little vineger be added to it, it will pearce the faster and the deeper. The places that you must poure or annoynt it on, is the fore part of the head wher the seame goeth ouerthwart, for it is the thinnest place of the skull, and the seames haue pores in them, also you must vse it on the toppe of the forhead, wher the heare leaueth growing, and on the sydes of the temples, where the heare groweth towardes the eares. The best thinge next oyle of roses is oyle of cammomill to be vsed in likewyse, especially in those bodyes,Oyle of commomill. that we would not coole to muche, as weomens, eunuches, children and other that haue softe fleshe, and are whyte in colour. If there be need of greater cooling, you may adde to the oyle of roses iuyce of houselike, or purselaine, or knotgrasse, or of vnrype grapes, or night shade, or sorrell, or psillium, or suche lyke. Vse not iuyce of poppye, or of mandrage in this cause, for they doe hurte: you maye make medicynes of the former thinges, or suche lyke in this sorte. ℞. oyle of roses. ℥.ij. rosewater. ℥.j. strong vineger. ℥.ss. or iuyce of houselike, or purselaine, or lettuse. ℥.j. and so commixt them. Or thus, ℞ distilled water of houselyke, lettuse, and night shade. ana. ℥.ij. water of cammomill. ℥.j.ss. vineger. ℥.j. commixt them, and dippe a clothe in it, and laye it all ouer the forhead, and the temples where the heare groweth not. But let not this medicyne touche the hynder parte of the head, for that parte cannot suffer cooling without hurte, because the marrowe of the back bone beginneth there. Those medicines which you will vse for cooling, especially in Sommer, must stand a whyle in very cold water. This alsoe is good for aboundaunce or humours, and vapoures, that be lifted vp into the head. In like māner also you may vse other oyles that haue vertue to coole as oyles of quinces, violettes, water lillies, and gourdes. Nether will it be vnprofitable to vse a liniment made in this sorte. ℞. Of the mucilage of the seades of quinces,Alyni [...]ens. and great mallowes, or of psillium. ana. ʒ.iij. iuyce of purslaine. ʒ.j.ss. iuyce of night shade. ʒ.ss. Oyle of roses. ℥.j. commixt them and make a linimēt: or by putting to waxe and other medicines make an oyntment in this sort. ℞. Vnguentipopuleon. ʒ.j. oiles of violettes and roses of eche. ʒ.iij. drie flowers of whyte water lillies and of redd roses. ana. ℈.j. waxe as muche as is sufficient,Vnguent [...]. and make an ointment, and annoynt it vpon the forhead and the temples. Yt profitteth also to vse embrocations (that is decoctions made of certaine things to poure vpon anye member by litle and litle, or to let it droppe downe) they maie be made of roses, violettes,Embrochae. S [...]efaci [...]tis. floures of water lillies, willowe leaues, vyne leaues, purcelaine, barley and such lyke. You must not applye stupefactiue thinges to the greefe, because they coole not without hurt, and therfore opin, iuyce of poppye, and mandragora are to be eschewed. Iuyce of night shade also because of his stupefaction is not to be vsed at all, or very litle of it at once, as we doe vse in the liniment afore sayd. Also those thinges, that haue manifest astriction and binding with ther cooling are to be refused, except necessitie require it, and therfor the iuices of sweete pomgarnettes, quinces, and meddlars are to be auoyded, but iuice of sower pomgarnettes is good because it cooleth more.No [...]e. Hytherto we haue declared what medicines are to be vsed in the beginning of this greefe. Afterward you may vse to mixe with the medicynes that doe coole and dryue backe, suche thinges as doe mitygate and digest. Make therefore an embrocation after this sorte. ℞. Floures of roses and violettes. ana. M.ss. leaues of willowe,Embrocha. [Page 4] cammomil, and melilote. ana. M.j. seades of mallowes. ʒ.iij. barley husked. ℥.j. seeth these in two pound of water, till the thyrde parte be consumed, and make an embrocation. Or thus, ℞. mallowe leaues, [...] vyolets, roses. ana. pug. ss. the floures of water lillies. ʒ.iij. vyne leaues, or the wreathes, that they wind about things which all, purcelaine, or houselyke of eche. M.j. cammomil, melilote, and fenngreke. ana. ʒ.ij. seath them as ys aboue sayd, and make an embrocha, adding to a litle vineger, especiallie if the paine be within the skull. Last of all you maie vse most of the discussiue medicines, withdrawing the aforsaid repelling things, suche be Althaea, dill, sothernwood, butter, cammomill, barley meale, fenngreke, lynesead, lupines. &c. Of these and suche lyke things you maie make quiltes, or embrocations, or oyntmentes,Inwarde [...]. as you liste. For inward medicines (especially if the headach be caused of excercyse, anger or suche lyke) minister nilep of violetts or roses, or ther conserues, or manus Christi, or giue the sicke ij. or .iij. houres before meate in the morning. ℥.j. and ss. of syrupe of infusion of roses,Odours. or of syrupe of water lillies with. ℥.ij. or .iij. of water of borage, or cichorye. Yt is good for the sicke to smell rose water, mixed with a little vineger, also it is good to snuffe it vp in to the nose.

CAP. III. Of headache caused of colde.

BY colde is ment in this Chapter, a cold distempure simplie without the fluxe of any cold humour.Causae. This paine in the head is caused of outward cold as when the ayer is very cold, especially when any body tarrieth in it long time bare headed, as alsoe it maie be caused by the sodaine applying of any cold thing to the head.Signae. The signes of headache caused or colde, are contrary to those signes that are caused of hote distempure. For in this, though the paine be vehement, yet the head when it is felt, is not hoate, nor the face and eyes doe not loke redde, nor ther face is not drye and shruncke but contrarywyse full and pale,Victus ratio. and ther eyes are swollen and swart. Also they neither desire cold things, nor doe feele ease by them. Concerning the diett of those, that haue this kind of headache, they must eschewe cold ayer, and abide alltogether in hote ayer. They must sleepe moderately, but not longer then they were wonte. They must vse mouing of the whole body, especially walking and ryding. Let ther bodies be soluble, rather then costiue, so that they may eche day haue a siege either by nature, or by arte, as by a suppositary or a clister. Let them eschew saddnes, and deepe cogitations, and other immoderat affections of the minde. Let them eschewe all meates and drinkes that be cold in operation as milke, fishe and suche lyke. Let them eate reare egges, and fleshe of hennes, chicken, partriche, and feasaunts and suche like. For ther drincke let him vse wine that is thinne of substaunce, for that doth moderatlie extenuate and heate. For the same cause also hote bathes are to be vsed, and generally for the cure hereof you must vse things that be hote in operatiō.Cur [...]. But yet in applying medicines to the head you must diligently consider the naturall temperature of the braine, for it is such a thing, as cannot suffer medicines vehement hote, nor it vehement colde. Therfor (as Galen affirmeth) if oyle of rewe be poured hote vpon the fore parte of the head, it healeth the patient perfittlie. But if ther be neede of greater heating, you maie put pepper, or euphorbium into the oyle, or you may mixe some oyle of pepper, or oyle of euphorbium with the oyle of rewe, or in steede of oyle of rewe, you maie vse oyles of laurell, yreos, dill, or cammomill, of spikenarde, serpillum, marioram, and such lyke. Herewith you maie annoynt the forhead also, and the nosthriles and the holes of the eares. Of the afore said medicines you may make an ointment after this sorte.Vnguentum. ℞. Oyles of yreos, and rewe. ana. ℥.ss. mariorame, betony, pepper. ana. ℈.j. of Euphorbium. gra. v. waxe as muche as is sufficient, and make an oyntement, and annoynt therwith the forehead,Aliud. and the nosethrills. Or make an ointement thus. ℞. of oyle of rewe, cammomill, and nardinum. ana. ℥.j. hysope, lauender, and flowers of staechas. ana. ʒ.ss. masticke and frankensence of eche. ʒ.j. waxe a litle, and make an oyntment. You may sometime adde to it,Embrochae. if you will, Castoreum. ℈.j. Also embrocations profit muche, [Page 5] if they be made of flowers, of melitote, and cammomil, marioram, origan, betony, sage, laurell leaues, staechas, and suche lyke, sodden in water. It is good for the sicke to drawe vp the vapours of suche decoctions by his nosethrills. Alsoe a quilt made in this sorte profiteth much. ℞. leaues of laurell, serpillum, and marioram. ana. M.ss. floures of rosemary. M.j. Rew. M.ss. cloues & staechas. ana. ʒ.j. peniroyall and calamint. ana. ʒ.j.ss. beate these to powder▪ and sew them in silke, or fine linnen clothe, and make a quilte,Sacculus. which must be laid to the head warme, and first sprinckled with vineger. It is good also to vse a pomander,Pomum odoriferum. made in this sorte. ℞. of storax calamitae. ʒ.ij. cloues, maces, wood of aloes. ana. ʒ.ss. lauender. ʒ.ij. gallia moschata. ʒ.j.ss. of musk and amber. ana. gra. iij. pouder them and serce them, and with water of marioram, and storax liquida, as much as shall suffise, make pomanders.

CAP. IIII. Of headache caused by drynes or moisture.

BY drynes is ment in this place a drie distempure of the qualitie alone, and by moisture, a moist distempure of the bare qualitie. Nether of these qualities alone, except heat or colde be ioyned with them, doe cause any headache at all (as Galen teacheth in the 5. Chap. of his first booke de symptomatum causis.) Therfore we doe not make mention here of these distempures, as though headach might be caused of them alone, but that the studious in phisick might haue store of medicines, when headache cometh of heat and drines, or moisture with heat, or when cold mixed with drynes, or moisture causeth headache.Causae. Headache through drynes is caused through drines of the ayer, or by drye medicines, by honger, excercyse, lechery and perturbatiōs of the mind. And headach of moisture is caused by moistnes of the aire, or by moistening medicines, by bathes, hote waters, and other thinges that moisten ouermuch. Drynes is knowen by these signes, if ther come fewe excrementes,Signa. or none at all out of the nose, if the eyes be hollowe, and the patient haue watched muche before. These be signes of headache of drynes, also in it the skinne of the head is dryer when it is felt, then it is wonted to be, and some drye diet hath ben vsed. Alsoe in this kind dry medicines doe not ease the paine, but rather encrease it. Moistnes is knowen by these signes, muche filth cometh out at the nose, the eyes be puffed vp and swolne, and the patient sleapeth muche: but of this distempure alone ther doeth noe headache ensue.Victus. Those that haue headache caused of drynes, let them remaine in a moist ayer, and let them eat meates, that doe moistē, and that be of good iuice, as the yolkes of egges, cockes stones, and the brothes of them, phesants, partriche, and suche like thinges, that doe nourishe muche and moisten. Let them drinke thinne wine alayed with water. Let them sleepe largely. Let them eschewe motion of the body and excercyse, and vse quyetnes and reste. Let them eschewe carnall copulation, hunger, thirst, and all thinges that doe drye. Let hem vse bathes of sweete waters that are warme. Let them be mery, and eschewe all other perturbations of the mind. If headache be caused of moisture, you must vse the contrary diet to this that is before praescribed (that is, al suche thinges as doe drye, which you may easily knowe by that, which hathe beene said before.) For paine of the head caused of drynes,Curatio. you must annoint the former seame of the head with oyle of sweete almondes, or with oyle of gourdes, or with oyles of vyolettes, and cammomill mixed together. It is alsoe good to droppe some of these oyles into the nosethrills. You may alsoe mixe very well with the said oyles goose grease, hennes grease, calues grease, or fresh butter after this sorte. ℞. oyles of vyolets, and water lillies of eche. ʒ.iij. calues suit, hennes grease,Lini [...]en [...]um. and freshe butter. ana. ʒ.ij. commixe them and make a linymēt and ther with annoynt the head. Furthermore embrocations profit not a litle, yf they be made of vyolettes, mallowes, and other herbes that haue vertue to moisten. Against headache caused of moisture you must vse medicines cleane contrary to the afore named, which must differ according to the heat or colde whiche is ioyned to the moysture. You maye find sufficient store of suche remedies out of the former chapters.

[Page 6]

CAP. V. Of headache caused of bloud.

HITHERTO we haue spoken of the Cure of headache, with cometh through alteration and distempure of the bare qualitie. But nowe we will speake of that which is caused of fullnes,VVhat is [...] by plemiend [...] [...]. and aboundance of bloud, we call plenitude in this place that which the Greeks call in ther tongue plethora, it chaunceth when all the foure humours be encreased in ther proportion, or when bloud alone doth abound.Causae. This kind of headache is caused of all suche things as do engendre great aboundance of humours in the bodye, as meates and drinckes of great nourishment being plentifully taken, as also the neglecting and omitting of excercyses, bathes, sweetings, and other naturall and artificiall vacuations be causes of the said plenitude. The signes be these.Signa. The face and the eyes be ruddie, the vaines are swolne, so that the least, and small est maye easily be seene, the pulse is great and vehemēt, the vrine reddishe and thicke, the vaines of the temples beate,Victus ratio. the paine in the head is a heauines. Concerning diet, let the sicke be in a cold and dry ayer. Let him eschew fleshe, reare egges, and suche things as nourishe plentifully. Let him vse ptisan made of Barlie, or alica made of barley, let him vse cold herbes, as endyue, scarioll, purcelaine, lettuce and such lyke. Let him eschewe wyne, and let him drinke water, wherin a litle Cinnamon or barley hath been sodden. Let him vse meane excercyse. Let him be rubbed, let him also vse bathing often, but so that his body be first emptied and the patient free from a feuer. Let his sleepe be meane. Let him be mery and ioyfull,Curatio. and let him abstaine from all other perturbations of the mind. The cure must be begonn whith bloudlettinge assone as can be. You must open the vttermost vaine, which in the arme is called humeralis, Ve [...] sectio. or Cephalica, it must be on the arme whiche is of that side, that the greefe is most vehemēt. For this vaine is so annexed to the head, that not only by it, you shall pull backe bloud into a contrary parte, but also you shall emptye out that bloud by it. As Hippocrates, and after him Galien, and Rhases doe teache. But if age or weaknes doe prohibyte bloudletting,Cucurbitae. Ventose. Loca [...]a. you must vse boxing, not to the head it selfe, but to the partes adioyning as the shoulders and breast, to the intent to pull backe the bloud. These being done, you must apply to the head, medicines that be cold and astringent, whereof we haue made mention before sufficiently in the second chapitre, so that they need not here to be repeated. Furthermore the Phisition must haue speciall regard in this case, that the patient be kept soluble.Decoctum purge [...]s. Therfore if the patient be any thing costyue, you may minister this decoction or some suche lyke. ℞. floures of buglosse, borage, roses, and violettes. ana. M.ss. the foure great cold seades husked. ana. ʒ.ij. sebesten, damaske, proines, of eche in number 12. great raisons, tamarindes. ana. ℥.j. barkes of mirabolanes, citrinorum, indorum, chebulorum, emblicorum, belliricorum. ana. ʒ.iij. liquoryce. ℥.j. fumitory, maiden heare. ana. M.j. tamariscus, hartistonge. ana. ʒ.iij. sene, and polipodie of eche. ℥.ss. agarick chosen. ʒ.ij.ss. ginger. ʒ.ss. Seathe all these in a sufficient quantity of water, vntill halfe be consumed, then strayne it and presse it hard. Adde to that decoction suger sufficient to make it sweete, purifie it whith the white of egges, and make a potion, whereof the patient shall drincke eche morning. ℥.iiij. fasting. And if soe be that the pacientes costyuenes require a stronger medicine, then you may adde to foure ounces of the afore sayd decoction. ʒ.j.ss. of fine reubarbe beaten to pouder, and spycknard. ʒ.ss. or you maye dissolue in it casia fistula. ℥.j.ss. newly drawen. or. ℥.j. of manna, or of diaphenicon. ʒ.iij. for the same purpose alsoe it is good to minister vnto the patient syrupe of vyolettes, and acetosus simplex. After this you must applie suche medicines to the head, as be able to disperse the remnaunt of the paine and disease. As is seades of mallowes,Discutientia. fenngreke, chammomil, and melilote flowers. Also oyles of cammomill, dill, and suche lyke, wherof the Phisition may at his choise make lynementes, oyntments, or emplaisters in māner aforesaid. Note here further that if muche bloud aboūd after you haue let bloud of the Cephalica: you maie alsoe stryke the vaine in the forhead, as alsoe for that purpose it is good to vse clysters sometime very stronge, and you maye vse frictions and bindinges of the nether partes to pull backe the humours. Moreouer gargarysing, and [Page 7] snesing maye be vsed in time conuenient, and boxing in the hinder parte of the head with scarification at the discretion of the Phisition, as occasion and time shall serue.

CAP. VI. Of headache caused of choler.

HEADACHE comming of cholerike humours is caused of all such things as do heat and dry the whole body and especially the head vnnaturally, that is,Causae. such things as do engender choller: (to witte, care, angre, paine, labour, excercise, watching, abstinence, famine, and eating of meates that be cholericke, as garlicke, oynions, and such like.) The signes be these the paine is like thers,Signa. that haue headach caused of burning heat of the Sūne, but they haue a more sharp and pricking paine, there head is moderately hote, there face is pale and wane. Sometime there followeth bitternesse of the mouth, drines of the eyes, nose and toung. Moreouer this euill chaunceth most of all to flourishing years, a hote complexion, and to them that take ouermuch businesse in hand and such lyke. Let the patient abide in a colde and moist aire,Victus ratio. which may be the rather procured by arte as is taught before in the second chap. by sprinkling the floure of the chamber continually with water, or by strewing about of floures and branches that are cold and moist in operation. Let his whole dyet be moist, let him eat moist meats that be of good iuice, geue him lettuce, and purcelain, and small fishes of fresh waters. Let his drinke be water alone, or water wherin a little Cynamon hath been sodden. Let him alltogether absteine from wine. Let him be quyete, and vse long sleepes: bathes that be temperate, vnctions are good for him, let him be mery, and refraine frō all perturbatiōs of the mind. The cure must be begunne with purging of the cholerick humour straigt way,Curatio. because choler is thinne and moueable, and therefore will easily purge out. But if it chaunce, that the cholerick humour doth rest quyetly in some part of the bodie, and so dothe waxe hote, and burn that parte, and by that meanes doth prohibite hote medicins (as purging things be) thē before the purgatiō, you must minister such things as doe quenche & concoct the heate and burning of choler, that is such thinges as doe alter it. For digestiō that we speak of now is no thing els but an alteration of the humour that causeth the disease. Therefor such medicines must be ministred eche morning fasting before you do purge vntill good cōcoctiō appear in the vrine: For by this meanes choler being cōcoct, & as it were tamed & made myld is made so obediēt vnto nature, that it will soone without any greefe be drawen of the purging medecin to cōueniēt places, that it should auoid by.Zul [...]pium. You shall therfor for a preparatiue vse this or such like medicines. ℞. Syrupe of Violettes. ℥.j. syrupe of water Lillies. ℥.ss. distilled waters of Endyue, succory and Roses. ana. ℥.j. commixe them, and let that be dronke in the morning fasting. For this purpose also you may minister Iulep of Roses and Violettes, or Syrupus acetosus, or the decoction of seades of Cucumbers, Gourdes, Purcelayne, Endyue, rootes also of Endyue and Succorye, Roses, Violettes, water Lillies, Lettuce, Damaske, Proynes, Sebesten, Iniubes and suche like.Purgatio. You may purge the cholerike humour either by infusion of wormewood, or of Aloes, or with Hierapicra ministred alone, or a litle scāmony mixed with it, or with Pilles made of Aloes. Or you shall not doe amisse to take of the purging decoction prescribed in the former chapter. ℥.iiij. and to dissolue therein. ʒ.iij. of Electuarium de succo Rosarum, or as muche of Electuarium de Psillio, and so minister it. It is good also to minister infusion of rewbarbe made after this sort.Dilutum Rhabarbari. ℞. fyne Rewbarbe. ʒ.ij. Spickenard. ℈.j. cut them small, and infuse them in distilled waters of endyue, doddir, and buglosse. ana. ℥.j. pure wine. ℥.ss. the space of 12 houres, then straine it hard, and put thereto of Electuaries de succo Rosarum and Psillio. ana. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them and make a purging potion. Also you may vse Pilula aurea, and Alephanginae, or Pilles of Rewbarbe, or of Hiera simplex and such like, or els Diacatholicon, or Diaprunes solutine. For them that are delicate, you may vse this bole. ℞. of Diagridium. ℈.ss. of Maces, Cynnamon,Bolus purgās. and Masticke. ana. gr. 2. conserue of Violettes and water Lillies. ana. ʒ.j. Suger as muche as sufficeth, and make a bole. Further it profiteth nowe and then to vse clysters made in this or lyke sort. ℞. Mallowes,Clyster. [Page 8] Althea, Endyue, Succorye, Violettes, ana. M.ss. whole Barley. ℥.j. the four common small cold seades (that is) Lettuce, Purcelayne, Endyue, and Scaryoll. ana. ʒ.iij. Seath all these in running water to the thirde part, straine them, take of that decoction. lb.j. of the pulpe of Cassia fistula. ℥.j. of Hierapicra. ℥.ss. of oyle of Violettes. ℥.iij. of mel rosarum. ℥.j. of salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixt all together and make a clister.Loca [...]ia. After purging of the cholerike humour you must apply medicines outwardlie, which can coole and strengthen the head, whereof you shall find store in the second chapitre.Sleepe. Yf the sicke can not sleepe, anoint the fore part of the head with oyle of water lillies, and oyle of poppye: to them you may for a neede adde a little opium, that slepe thereby may be prouoked. Note, that boxing without scarification and frictions of the armes and legges maye be well vsed in times conuenient.

CAP. VII. Of headache caused of fleume.

Causae. HEADACHE comming of fleume, is caused of all suche thinges as engendre fleume in the head, as a cold and moist ayre, meates, that be colde and moist, as fyshes, milke, rawe herbes, fruite, idlenes, and sleeping vpon a full stomake and such otherlyke.Signa. The signes hereof be fullnes and heauynes of the head, whitenes, and moistnes of the face, moreouer the sicke will easily fall asleepe, he is slowe, his sences are dull, and his head aboundeth whith excrementes, as alsoe the signes declared in the .3. Chap. agree with this kind of headache.Victus r [...]ti [...]. Let the sicke remaine in an ayer that is hote and drye by nature, or if that cannot be had, let the ayer be made suche by certaine odoriferous thinges, as with Cynamon, frankinscence, cloues, wood of Aloes, and suche lyke. Let his meate that he eateth for the most parte be rosted, and let him eate spyces with it. For his drinke let him vse thinne and small wyne, let his excercyse be meane, to be shorte, let him vse suche diet as is praescribed in the third chap. of this booke. The Cure must be begonn whith extenuation and digestion of the flegmaticke humour. [...] Therfore you must minister suche medicines as are able to extenuate, make thinne, cut, and deuy de humours, suche be mel rosarum, oximel simplex and compositum and scilliticum, syrupe of slechades, distilled waters of hysope, betony, mariorame, sage and such like, minister therfore vnto him a medicine made on this sorte. [...] ℞. Of oximel scylliticum. ℥.j. of syrupe of sleehades. ℥.ss. of distilled waters of hysope, percely and marioram. ana. ℥.j. commixe them and make a potion. Or if the vseing of syrupes and distilled waters doe not lyke you, you may minister this or suche lyke decoction.Decoctum exser [...] [...]. ℞. of the rootes of fenell, percely, and asparagus. ana. ℥.j. rootes of piony. ʒ.ij. seades of annise, fennell, siler mōtanum. ana. ʒ.iij. stichados, origan, serpillū, maioram, calamint, betony, sage. ana. M.ss. fyne Cynamon, macis. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Seathe all these in sufficient quantity of water vntill halfe be consumed, then straine it, and adde sugar sufficient to make it sweet, clarify it with the whytes of egges, then put thertoe syrupe of hysope, and oximel simplex. ana. ℥.iij. commixte them all together and make a poi [...]on. When the humours are extenuate, and made thinne and prepared to be purged, then must suche medicines be ministred,Purgatio. as are able to purge fleume, for the which cause let the sicke haue these pilles ministred vnto him.Pilula. ℞. pilularum co [...]luarum. ʒ.j.ss. pilularum è hiera composita. ʒ.j. pil. alephanginarum. ʒ.ss. agarike made into trochistes. ℈.ij. Mirabonalorum, chebulorum. ℈.j. fyne turbith. ℈.ss. stichados and ginger. ana. gr. v. mastycke. gr. vij. seades of piony in number .iij. Castorei. g.iiij. with lauender water make pilles. It is good for them, that are thus affected to be purged not once only, but twyse or thryse, bycause the grosse and clammy humours will not straight followe a sodaine purgation, but they must be drawen out by litle and litle with often purging. Alsoe clisters are good, not only because they empty out such things as are contained in the intestines, but also for that they pull back suche humours and vapours as ascend to the head.Clyster. For clysters therfore the decoction before prescribed is good if you take thereof. ℥.xij. and dissolue therin benedictae laxatinae. ℥.ss. Electuarij indi maioris. ʒ.iij. diaphaenicon. ʒ.ij. mel rosarum. ℥.j. oyles of laurell and rewe. ana. ℥.j.ss. sal. gennie. ʒ.j. commixt them together and make a clister. After the whole [Page 9] body is purged, you must minister such medicynes as can purge the head, as be Gargaryses made in this sorte. ℞ long pepper and nuttmegs. ana. ʒ.ss. sead of stauisacre,Gargarise. pelitory. ana. ℈.ij. mustard seade, origan. ana. ℈.j. beate them to powder, and put therof in a linnen clothe, and chewe it, or with masticke or honye make trochiskes lyke lupines, and let the sicke chewe one of them almost halfe an howre. Alsoe the head may be purged by iuyce of maiorame, blitum, coleworts, and suche lyke. You may also for this purpose minister gagaryses made of the distilled waters of hysope, betony, origan, with hierapicra, and oximel compositum, or in this sorte. ℞. pellitorye,Gargarismus. long pepper of eche. ʒ.j.ss. sead of stauisacre. ʒ.ss. maiorā, peniroyall, hysope, origan, betony. ana. M.ss. seath all these in sufficient quantity of water vnto the third parte, straine it and adde to the licour mel rosarum. ℥.j.ss. oximell scilliticum. ℥.ss. cōmixe all and make a gargarise. Also medicines to prouoke sneasing are good in this case.S [...]ernutamentum. You may make them after this sorte. ℞. maiorā. ʒ.j. nigella. ʒ.ss cloues, white pepper, cubebes. ana. ℈.j. nutmegges, graines, castoreū, heleborus albus. ana. ℈.ss. beate them into very fine pouder, and prouoke, snesing therwith. For them which are riche you may adde muske and amber. ana. g.ij. It profiteth also to hold hote and sweet odours to the nose of the patiēt, or a pomāder artificially made, such a one as we praescribed in the end of the third Chapter. Further you may take nasalia (as they call them) things to put into the nose sharpe at one end and great at the other like a steeple after this sorte. ℞. stauisacre, Nasa [...]a. pelitory, and whit pepper. ana. ʒ.ss. nigelle, nutmegges. ana. ℈.ij. heleborus albus. ℈.ss. powder them and with rosin and waxe make nasales. After the purging of the head you maye vse oyntmentes, embrocations, drye quiltes,Loca [...]a. and suche like other medicines to disperse the remnaunt of the humour remaining in the head, wherof ther be examples sufficient in the third Chapter before. You may commodiously minister inwardly cubebes, condite, or diambra, diamoscha, aromaticum rosaceum, diacuminum, dianthos, theriaca, mithridarum, diacorum, conserue of maioram, rosemary, betony, with syrupe of staechados.Lo [...]nges. Or minister these lozenges which are specially good. ℞. pouder of Electuarium de gemmis, dianthos. ana. ℈.j. cubebes, maces of eche. ʒ.ss. woodes of Aloes, cloues, and fennell sead. ana. ℈.ss. fine Cynamon. ℈.ij. staechados. ℈.ss. with suger molten in the distilled waters of piony flowers and lauender make lozenges. And thus muche for the cure of headache caused of flegmaticke humours. But if soe be that headache be caused of a melancholye humour, [...] then you must prescribe suche diet, and vse suche cure as shalbe declared in the chaptre of melancholy, or maddnes. And therfor it should be superfluous to entreate hereofe in this place, repayer therfore for cure of headache comming of melancholy vnto the Chapter in this booke followinge.

CAP. VIII. Of headache caused of windynes.

IF headach be caused of windines,Causae. the diet vsed before was such as did engendre wind besydes the nature of the body, and other circunstāces were such as were apte to engēdre wind. The signes be these,Signa. if ther be felt discention and stretching in the head without heauines & beating, and if ther be a sound & noyse in the eares, then doth it betoken windynes in the head.Victus ratio. Cura. The diet of the patient must altogether be suche as doeth not engender windynes. For the cure, if the windynes be not only bredd in the head, but doeth ascend from some parte beneath: first of all you must vse suche medicines, as doe repell and dryue backe, such be vineger, pomgarnet rindes and flowers, wormewood, melilote, mintes, plantaine, walwort, bursa pastoris, nutmegges, purcelaine, houslike, laurell leaues and such lyke. Which being moderatly vsed a whyle, you must then adde to those repulsyue thinges, some such medicines as doe mitigate concoct and digest, as be fenngreke, lynesead, cammomil, yolkes of egges, saffron, hennes grease, goose grease. &c. Laste of all adde discussyue medicynes oyles of dill, and rewe, barley meale, lupines, lillie rootes, nigella, &c. It is good therfor first of all to empty the bealy with a strong clister, but that must be made of a decoction that doth dissolue windines, by seathing in water anyse seades, and caraway seades, fennell sead, comyn, dry figges,C [...]fier. branne and suche lyke: herein you must dissolue benedicta laxatina. ʒ.iiij. or Electu [...]trium [Page 10] [...]idum in like quantity, or Diaphenicon. ʒ.iiij. or Diacatholicon. or hierepicre. ʒ.vij. Suche kinde of clysters doe not only purge the intestynes, and the partes about the lyuer, but doe alsoe pull back suche thinges as ascend to the head. Afterward you must strengthen the affected member, that it doe engender wind noe more, whither it be the stomake, the lyuer, the splene, the intestynes, or any other member: which being done, if heat abound in the head together with the windines then apply oyle of roses, wich is both repulsiue, digestiue, and discussiue,Localia. and add to it vineger which is both repulsyue and discussyue alsoe, and doth extenuate besydes. Alsoe rose water or iuyce of purcelaine, knotgrasse, or nightshade may be vsed & applyed whith a litle vineger. If ther be cold in the head with the wyndines, then vse oyles of cammomill or dill, mixed with a litle vineger, or if the greyse encrease apply the iuyce of rewe with vineger and oyle mixed together, or apply the iuice of the roote of floure de luce whith vinegre, or iuyce of laurell bearyes and rewe mixed with vineger is good to be applied. Likewyse bitter almondes beaten whith vineger and oyle, and applyed to the forhead in a linnen clothe, are very good, when the greyse doth first beginne to encrease. And if you had rather vse drye quiltes, you may make them at the first of milium, roses, willowe leaues, knotgrasse, nightshade, and purcelaine, and soe apply them to the forhead, and fore part of the head. Afterward you may adde to the afore said maiorame, serpillū, hysope, rewe, tender leaues of laurell, ciperns and such like. It is good also to vse odours and smelles, as Castoreum, muske, amber, and suche like. To prouoke sneasing, and to minister inwardly to the sicke is good, eyther Diacuminum, or Dianisum. ʒ.j. or as muche triacle, or Mithridatum proffiteth. But if the wyndines be caused through imbecillitye of some partes of the head it selfe, then you shall not neede to vse repulsyue medicines, but rather concoctiue and discussiue medicines suche as are before declared. As for inwarde medicines they auaile or profit litle in this case.

CAP. IX. Of headache caused of the stomake.

HITHERTO we haue declared the causes, signes, and Cures of headache caused principally in it selfe, nowe it remaineth that we intreate of paine in the head, which cometh by consent. And first of that headache whiche cometh through euill affection of the stomacke.Causae. And that is caused most commōly when some sharpe humour aboduneth in the stomake especially in the mouthe of it, from whence corrupt vapours arysing doe ascend to the head. It may be knowen by the gnawing and byting paine that they feele which haue that headache,Signa. and by the desire to vomit, that the patient hath. Especially if the mouthe of the stomake be affected. Moreouer in this kinde of headache, if the sicke faste, and suffer hunger long, the paine is more vehement, for through long abstinence the malyce of the humuor encreaseth.Curatio. You must Cure those, that are thus grieued, not by applying remedies to the head, but to the humours in the stomake, which rayse vp vapours to trouble the head. Therfore you must with speed purge the noisome humours that are in the mouth of the stomake. They may be purged out by drinking of warme water, if so be the patient can easily vomit, if not, he must thrust his finger or a fether into his throte, and so prouoke the stomake to vomit. Note that yelowe, or pale choler, bycause of his naturall lightnesse, doeth readily ascend to the mouth of the stomake. But the humours that be flegmatique, or soure, or salt, doe rather remaine in the middest of the stomake, then in the mouth of it. It is best when suche humours are in the bottome of the stomake, for then they will easily auoyd the stomake and passe into the guttes. It is worst of all when noisome humours doe cleaue soe fast to the filmes and runicles of the stomake, and dothe so furre them, that they can scarcely be scoured out.Hierapicra. Therfore if any humour doth furre the tunicles of the stomake, minister Hierapicra, which is a soueraigne medicine therfore. And after purging let the patient haue good meates easy of digestion, and holesome for the stomake. And forasmuche as lacke of good digestion, and weaknes of the mouth of the stomake, be the greatest causes of encrease of noysome humours in the Stomake, it must be prouided that good digestion be procured, and [Page 11] that the mouthe of the stomake may be strengthened by suche medicynes, as be astrictiue, and haue vertue to strengthen. Wherof you shall find plenty herafter in the third Booke, and therfore it were superfluous to recyte them here.Note. As we haue in this Chap. spoken of headache caused of the stomake, and referred the cure to the third booke, so vnderstand lykwyse if headach be caused of the disease of the lyuer or splene, or any other membre: for the affectes of those membres being cured ceaseth the headache.

CAP. X. Of headache caused by dronkennesse.

THE causes and signes of dronkennesse are euident inough, chiefly hote wynes,Causae. and strong drinckes are causes therof, for that they fill the braine with vapours, and that so much the more (as Galen said) if the braine be hote by nature, sometime also hote humours ascending to the head doe cause dronkennes. The cure of dronkennes generally consisteth in two pointes: that is,Curatio. in euacuation, and refrigeration. Therfore if the wyne be yet vndigest, and doe flowe in the stomake, cause him that hath the headache to vomite by drinking of hote water.VVarme water, and [...] ace [...]e cōm [...]ed causeth [...]. But and if the headach doe remaine after digestion, you must vse medicynes, that doe refrigerate, and dryue back vapours which ascend to the head. As is oyle of roses alone, or mixed with vineger, or with iuyce of iuyce, or colewortes. Also the leaues of Colewortes steyped in warme water, and bound about the head doe naturally resiste dronkennes. Moreouer the brothe of Colewortes being eaten, is good for that purpose.Praeseruatio. To preserue one from dronkennes (as Aetius saith) let him eate v. or vij. bitter almondes fasting, or let him drinke wormewood wyne first of all. But to take awaye drunkennes, that is present, giue the decoction of centory the lesse, to drink, or hartes horne, or the seade of veruaine boiled in water. You must haue a speciall regard and procure that the patient doe sleepe, and rest, which being done all day at night bathe him in a bathe of sweete water, and when thou hast washed him, let him eate meates of good iuyce, but not ouer hote. Let therfore his food be ptisan brothe,Victus ratio. souppings made of alica, bread dipped in water, reare egges and suche like. For pot hearbes lettuce is of good iuyce and cooleth, and colewortes drieth vp vapours. For drinke let him vse water only, if he hath been accustomed thertoe, and can well bear it, otherwyse giue him small drinke, or a litle small whit wine. After his meate giue vnto him of a pomegarnet, or a peare, or a quince, or raisons. To conclud let all his diet be meates of good iuice, pleasaunt to the stomake, and that dryue away vapours. Let him abstaine from dates, for ther property is to cause headache. And if it chaunce that of the vapours and humours ascending to the head,Dates. ther remaine parte of them impact and stuffed in the thinne pores, and so doe cause headach after two or three dayes: then leaue oyle of roses, and vse first in stead of it oyle of cāmomill moderatelye warme. Afterward apply oyle of yreos. After that if nead require,Iriu [...]. Nardi [...]. you may apply thinges, that heate more, cōmixing with the oyle of ireos, oyle of narde, or oleum costinum: or other oyles and ointmentes of that sorte.

CAP XI. Of headache caused by feuers.

IF headach doe molest those that haue a feuer: you must diligently examyne and consyder, whyther the same began at the firste beginning of the feauer,Causae. or whither it sprong the feauer encresing, for if the headache began not with the first fit of the feauer, but afterward▪ whyle the feauer encreased, and came nighe to the Crisis: then seeke not to remedy it, for it portendeth and fortelleth that vomit, or a decretory fluxe of bloud at the nose will followe shortly, as Hippocrates declareth in his booke of predictions, and Gale [...] in his third booke De Crisibus, and in his first booke ad Glauconem Cap. vltimo: yf the headach begon at the first whith the feauer, it [Page 12] cometh of vapours or humours dispersed abroad through the greatnes of the feuer, and as it were boyling hote eleuate vp to the head and partly also through weaknes of the braine. Therfore if the paine doe come of aboundāce of humours,Cura. you must let him bloud after the first or second fit (if nothing prohibite it) especiallye in lusty bodyes, and in suche as aboūd with bloud. Alsoe you must drawe the humours a contrary waye, and pull them backe by sharpe clysters, suche as shalbe prescribed in the Chap. of Apoplexia, and by often binding and much frication in the neither partes. Moreouer you may set cupping glasses to the hinder parte of the head, or to the necke. You must applye to the head irrigations and oyntmentes, that haue vertue to repell and dryue backe from it, and afterward you must vse discussiue medicines, last of all such thinges as doe strengthen the braine. To repell and dryue backe, vse oyle of roses, and other suche like as are rehersed before in the 2. Chap. vse them in Sommer time, and in hote complexions, cold and mixed with a litle vinegre, but in winter season, and in cold complexions apply them bloud warme. Yf the feuer be vehement, and ouer much watching doe trouble the sicke, vse irrigations made of poppy heades, housleeke and such like medicines as haue vertue to coole and prouoke sleepe in this sorte. ℞. flowers of violettes,Embrocha. water lillies, and roses. ana. M.j. hulled barley. ℥.j. heads of poppy. ℥.ss. housleeke. M.ss. seath all these in sufficient quantity of water, vntill the third part be consumed, and make an embrocation. Or if the paine continew vehement, take greane leaues of henbane, or poppie, with oyle of roses, a litle vineger and crommes of bread, commixe them and apply them to the forepart of the head, and to the forehead. When the braine is sufficiently cooled,Note. then apply those thinges which can heat the head againe, and so auoid and disperse the humours that remaine. And therfore you may vse oyles of cammomill, dill, or ireos, or decoctions of cammomill, or Althea, or suche like. And if the humours be grosse, and tough, you may boyle with thaforsaid thinges: Serpillum, penyroiall, calamint, mintes, or such like. Last of all the head must be strengthened by oyle of roses, and such like (that is) betony, cammomill, melilote, &c. The rest of the cure of headach caused through the vehemency of the feuer, is to be sought out in the treatise of feuers.

CAP. XII. Of inueterate headache.

CEPHALAEA both in Greeke and Latine is the name of headache which is exceeding painfull,Signa. continuing long, and harde to cease, which vpon light occasions hath very great and sharpe fittes, so that the patient can nether abyde noise, nor loud speache, nor cleare light, nor drinking of wyne, nor sauours that fill the braine, nor mouing, but he desireth for the greatnes of the paine to sit or lye quyet in the darke, supposing that his head were stroken with a hammer. Alsoe some of them doe feele those thinges, that are about ther head as though they were bruised or racked. In many the paine procedeth vnto the rootes of the eyes. This disease sometime doeth continew painfull alwayes, sometime it hath fittes and intermissions eyther ordinate or inordinate. For in some ther is intermissiō in the fittes, as is in the falling sicknes, so that for a time they seeme to be perfitelye hole. This disease doth vexe women more then men, for bicause of ther long heare. In some of them the filmes that couer the braine are pained, but in some only the filme that couereth the skul is greaued. It is caused of aboundance of bloud and other humours,Causae. or by the sharpnes of humours or vapours contained within or without the skull, and inflaming the head, or it is caused through weaknes of the head. The paine that inuadeth the sicke with graulty and heauines, declareth plenitude and aboundance of humours:Signa. if it come with pricking, gnawing and shooting, it betokeneth sharpnes of humours or vapours▪ if it beate like the pulses, it betokeneth inflammacion: yf ther be felt distension and bo [...]n [...]ng in the head without heauines or beating it declareth windines. But if ther be beating with it, ther is inflammacion in the filmes of the head: and if ther be heauines with the distension, then it declareth aboundance of humours within the filmes. And if the paine be felt superficially, as it were outward, then it [Page 13] betokeneth that the filme which couereth the skull is greaued. But if it be felt deepe within, the filmes of the braine are vexed. Note that those, that haue paine within the skull,Note. they feele griefe at the rootes of ther eyes, because that the tunicles of the eyes haue ther beginning of the filmes of the braine. And if so be that a putrified humour in the head doe waxe hoter and hoter, then ther is a feuer ioyned with the headache. They also are vexed with a feuer, which haue headach caused by inflammation. As for diet to be vsed in this griefe,Victus ratio. you may easily prescribe it out of the former Chapters, according to the diuersitye of the causes therofe: and therfore I omit it here willingly lest I should vse a fond repetition of one thing often. The Cure doth differ according to the diuersity of the cause.Curatio. For if you find aboundaunce of humours or vapours to be the cause, if it be engendred of plenitude of the whole body, you must beginn with euacuation of the whole bodye.Venae sectio. And therfore you must let him bloud on the Caephalica on the same side, if his strength will suffer it, and noe other thing let it. But if the head doth receiue the humors and vapours that do ascend, for that it is weake: then you must pull back the matter into the whole body, and so remedy the parte affected. Therefor you must vse very sharpe Clisters, and bindinges of the armes & legges,Remi [...]si [...]. and many frictions of the nether partes, and sometime also in this case you may let bloud in the arme. And if after that bloud doe seeme still to abound, you maie open a vaine in the nosethrills, and drawe bloud from thence, as much as shalbe requisite. Shortly after you must purge the bodie with Hierapicra, or other things that are praescribed in the former Chapters. After purging of the whole bodie, you maie safely come to purging of the head, and in the end vse medicines to strengthen it. The head is to be purged with Gargarismes, [...] and with medicines put into the nose, as iuyce of leekes or of Cyclaminus, or such lyke which be rehersed before in the .vij. Chapter. To the head it selfe you must first apply thinges, that doe repell and dryue back, (such be) oyle made of vnrype olyues, and oyle of roses alone, or applyed with vineger, also oyle made of poppie heads and of iuye bearyes, and of grene mintes, and such like, whereof we haue spoken before. But note,Note. if the humours that abound in the head be cold and crude, then applie the former medicines warme, but if the humours abounding be hote and cholericke, then applie those medicines cold. Afterward you must apply those medicines that doe discusse and disperse humours, as be oyles of cammomill and dill, and suche like before rehersed, but if the humours abounding be thicke and tough, boyle serpillum, or peniroyall, or calamint, or mintes in oyle, and thou shalt extenuate them by applying thereof. Besydes these things doe strengthen the parte affected, and therfore they are to be vsed vntill the cure be finished.Verbe [...]a [...]a re [...]ta. Aboue all other things veruaine doth disperse humours, & mightely corroborate the head, especially being greene. Also being dry, and boiled in ale, rootes and all together, with serpillum, it doth the like, if the head be annointed therwith. Moreouer if you boyle veruaine alone in oile, & do sprinkle the head therwith, it helpeth all paine of the head of long cōtinuance, if it were caused of colde, or of grosse & viscous humours (as Galen witnesseth. Lib. 2. de comp. medicam. secundū Locos. Also for the same it profiteth much to vse oyle, wherin sowes, called in Latin Millipede be boyled. And thus much of the cure of Caephalea comming of plenitude. As for the cure therof comming of other causes, you may gather it out of the former Chapters.

CAP. XIII. Of the Migrime.

HEMICRANIA is a painefull euill remaining in the one halfe of the head, either on the right halfe or on the left, and is distinguished by the seame that runneth along in the skull, from the midde forehead to the hinder parte of the head, this griefe in Englishe is called the Migrime. This paine cometh often by fittes, and in some the griefe is felt without the skull, in some within deepe in the braine, and in some other nigh to the temples in the muscles ther.Causae. This paine is caused by ascending and flowing of many vapours or humours eyther hote or cold, eyther by the vaines, or by the arteries, or by bothe. Sometyme [Page 14] they only procead from the partes contained in the skull, that is, from the braine and his filmes, which thrust out their excrementes and superfluityes from them, and sometime from the partes of the body beneth the head, which send vp corrupt vapours & humors from them selfes to the braine.Signa. The signes wherby you should know whither vapours or humours do aboūd, & whither they be hot, or cold, are to be gathered out of the former chapters. As also to know in what parte of the head the griefe is, whither within the skull or without, reade the former chapter of Cephalaa. Only this I adde here, that if in this disease, the filme that couereth the skull be affected, then is ther paine so vehemēt, that they cannot suffer to be touched with ones hand, so that it seemeth the skinne it selfe is affected in this euill. As for ther diet what they should vse, and what they should eschewe, maie readily be gathered and prescribed out of the former Chapters, according to the diuersitye of causes: but specially let the patient refraine from suche things as doe send aboundaunce of sharpe vapours vp to the head,Curatio. as be garlicke, oynions, mustard, raddishe rootes, and such like. The cure is diuerse according to the diuersity of causes. And therfor when you will cure the migrime, consider diligētly first whither the patiēt neadeth bloudletting or purging. For if the griefe com through plenitude & aboundāce of bloud & humours, then cut the Caephalica in the arme on the same side that the griefe is: but if the migrime be caused of aboundance of one humour, then purge that humour by conuenient medicines, which are prescribed in the former chapters.Localia. The hole body being purged, you may come to local & outward medicines, & first cause the patient either with his owne fingers, or with a linnen cloth, to rubbe & chafe the halfe of his forehead which is grieued, and specially about the muscles of his temples, vntill it be red and hote, and this must be done befor the fitte of paine cometh. After the fitte (as Galen teacheth in the end of his secōd book, De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos) you must apply medicines which of the old Phisitions were called Hemicrania, for that they were vsed for the migrime: noting this alwayes, that if with the paine ther were muche heat felt, then you ought to applie such things as would somewhat coole. But if there were noe euident heat felt, then vse those thinges that are very hote. But you must commixe with either of these, somewhat that is restrictyue, and hath vertue to corroborate and strengthen.Vnguentum. This ointment following is a very good remedie in a cold affecte. ℞. Of oyles of dill and Ireos. ana. ℥.ss. of whit pepper, and serpillum. ana. ℈.j.ss. of Castoreum. ℈.j. of Euphorbium ℈.ss. of waxe .q.ss. and make an ointment to be applyed vpon the halfe of the forehead and the muscle of the Temples. Also in this case it profiteth much to poure this oyle following into the eare.Ole [...]. ℞. Sweete oyle olyue. ℥.j. Euphorbium. ℈.j. commixe them and droppe one droppe into the eare warme. You maie put in more Euphorbium or lesse, according as the body is quicke or dull in sense: but beware you vse not this medicine in those that haue the migrime engendred of hote vapours or humours. AEtius saith that euphorbium dissolued in vineger, and applyed to the left syde of the head, if the right syde be greaued, or contrarywyse on the right syde when the paine is on the left syde, doth of a certaine hid property helpe the migrime. The same Author alsoe saith, that earth wormes beaten to powder, and applyed to the griefe, as also the fleshe of snails bruised and applyed doth proffit much. The kernells of peaches bruised and applyed vpon the griefe (as report hath beene) doth proffit muche. Marcellus saith that the doung of a goate stamped and commixed with vineger squilliticke, if the forehead and temples be annointed therwith, it ceaseth the paine of the mygrime for euer. Alsoe his counsell is, if ther be sodaine paine of the migryme, take frankinsence, mirrhe, and a egge, beate them together, and applie that to the forehead and temples.Note. If the migrime be caused of hot humours or vapours, then vse those remedies which we prescribed before in the cure of headach cōming of heat or of cholericke humours. Here I think it requisit to praescribe certaine pilles, good to be vsed against inuerate headache,Pilula. and the migrime. First it choler abound. ℞. powder of Hiera simplex Galeni. ʒ.ij. pilularū ar abicarum. ʒ.iij. trochiskes of mirabolās citrine. ʒ.j.ss. reubarbe. ʒ.j. spicknard. ℈.j. commixe them with syrupe of violettes, & reserue the cōposition. When need requireth minister. ʒ.j. or. ℈.4.v. or vj. houres after supper, & let the patient sleepe vpon it. This you may do once in tenn dayes, or once in fifteene dayes at all times (sommer excepted). But if fleume aboundeth, make your pilles thus. ℞. of Agaricke trochiscate. ʒ.iiij. [Page 15] pilulae arabica, and Hiera simplex. Gal. ana. ʒ.j.ss. floures of staechados, and trochiskes of mirabolanes chebulorum. ana. ʒ.j. with syrupe of staechados and oximel commixe them, & when occasion serueth, minister. ʒ.j. or. ℈.iiij. at eche time in forme abouesaid. But if melancholy be cause of the migrime, ℞. of the aforesaid Pilulae arabica. ʒ.ij. of pouder of sene & Epithimū. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. of Hiera simplex. Gal. ʒ.j.ss. of trochiskes of Mirabolanes indorum. ℈.iiij. with syrupe of furnitory & balme water make pilles, & when requireth, minister them in forme aforsaid.

CAP. XIIII. Of Vertigo and swemming in the head.

THAT which the Latines call Vertigo, is a disease, wherin the patient doth imagine that his head is turned roūd about. Ther is another disease somewhat like vnto this, which in Latin is called, Tenebricosa Vertigo, and that is when the patient doth thinck that al that he seeth turneth about, and sodenlie with it, his sight faileth him, he supposing that he is compassed about with mist and darknes. It is cōmonly of the Phisitions called Scotomia. Fuschius doth thinck that they erre greatlie, that make a difference betweene the former kinds, but it maie be confirmed out of good Authors, Hippocrates, Galen & others. Both the aforsaid kinds be ingēdred after one sort, and that is through the inordinate mouing of windy vapours and spirits, contained in certain partes of the braine.Causae. This disease is caused either of the braine it selfe being distempured and euill affected, or of the mouth of the stomake offending the braine. The braine it selfe is affected euill, when a grosse and tough humour is contained in it, from whence a vaporous and windy spirite being resolued by weake heat, is moued inordinately about in the braine. The mouth of the stomake doth affect the braine, when through corrupte humours being gathered aboundantly in it, vapours and windy exhalations are carried vp to the braine, & so turne about the animall spirits contained in it.Signa. Those that are troubled with this disease, a darknes and miste appeareth before ther eyes vpon euery light occasion, specially if they turn about. For it chaunceth to them by turning once about, as is doth to other when they turne often, and therfore the patient many times falls downe. Also it doth astony him, if he see another man, or a wheele, or any such like thing turne about, as also it he see whirle pooles in the water turne about, for the visuall spirites beholding a wheel that turneth about, or any such like thing, doth also turne about in like sorte, and so the mouing of the humour and the spirittes are troubled vnequall and inordinate. When this disease doth procead of the braine being euill affected, then ther proceadeth sound of the eares, vehemēt paine in the head, and heauines therin. Also the smelling and the other senses proceading from the head are hurte. Ther fitte is then chiefly when the Sunne doth heat them, or when ther head is hotte by some other meanes, & so the humours being dissolued, do turne about in the braine. When the disease proceadeth from the mouth of the stomake, then they feele before it, a gnawing in the stomake, as it were the hart burne, & a disposition to vomit. This disease maie be discerned from the falling sicknes, for that this doth nether take awaie the senses from the patient, nor it causeth not the crampe and writhing of members in the fitte.Prognostica. This disease is not to be lightly esteemed, for the Vertigo (as Galen saith) is nigh to the falling sicknes, and the Apoplexie. And therfore it wold be well looked to. For the Ʋertigo and scotoma will quickly be changed into pernitious diseases, for that they are verie nigh to them, specially to the falling sicknes and the Apoplexie. And if those things that the patient doth imagyne to see before his eyes, appeare bloudye and reddishe, he is apt to fall into madnes, but those that seeme to see purple colours, are disposed to the falling sicknes. The Scotoma or darke vertigo becommeth most vehement in winter, or in the beginning of the spring. Besydes in manie it is a signe that the falling sicknes will followe. And many do vse to call it a litle Epilepsie. As concerning diet:Victus ratio. let the patient remaine in an ayer, that is temperate, pure, bright, and cleare, and let him eschewe grosse and cloudie ayer. Let him eschew windes, especially south windes, let him also auoid the beames of the sunne & the moon: as also let him not behold things that moue swiftly, as rūning waters, or things [Page 16] that turne about, as wheels, & such like, or to looke into deep pittes is euill for him. Let him eate meates of good iuyce, & of easy digestion, & such as engendre no windines, as partrich, capon, phesant, chicken, veale, scaly fishes and suche like, that be easie of digestion. And let him vse to eate but moderately of them, for satiety, as also long fasting is not good for him. He must eschewe all things that cause vapours to ascend into the head as oynions, garlick, leekes & such like. And therfor if he drinke wyne, let it not be very olde, small whit wine may be permitted him. After meate it is good for him to eat some restrictiue thing to stoppe the vapours that they ascend not to the head, & that specially if the stomake be cause of this disease. Let his excercyse be moderate, let him eschewe sleepe of the day, nether let him sleepe within two hours aftermeate. Let not the place be to hote wher he sleepeth, nor let him not kepe his head to hote. In his excercyses let him not stirre his head muche. And therefor it is good for him to vse frictions often, especiallie in the morning before he ryseth, beginne at the vpper partes, & end with the nether. He must refrain from perturbations and affections of the mind, specially from anger, feare, and sadnes, as also from loud crying, and singing. Carnall copulation is not good for him. If he hath not a stoole once in a day,Curatio. you must helpe nature either by clyster or suppositary. For the Cure if the fit be present, you must reuyue the patient again with sweete and odoriferous smells, and with frictions and such like. At which time also if need be, you may vse a suppositary or a clister. Afterward if the party be strong, and noe other impedyment present, let him bloud on the Caphalica vaine,Ven [...] sectio. whither it be the beginning of the disease or otherwyse. But take heede that you drawe not much bloud at once, for the patient will quickly fall through euery light occasion. Therfor you must drawe away the bloud at sundrie tymes vntill you haue sufficient. But if any thing doe hinder you from bloud letting, first you must purge him with a sharpe clister, whereof you shall haue example afterward in the Chapter of Apoplexye. Afterward minister a purgation according as the humour abounding doth require. But forget not first to vse a preparatiue,Localia. when the whole body is sufficiently purged, you must vse locall things to the head, & first apply cupping glasses to the hinder parte of the head with scatification. Afterward vse to minister gargarismes, & sternutations to draw rewme from the head. Poure into the nose iuyce of chickweed, betes or cyclaminus. Also nitrum beaten with nigella and mixed with old oyle, purgeth well by the nosethrills. Also odours made of the decoction of maiorame, hysope, & floures of staechados, a litle castoreum, muske, and vinegre being added is good. After that let the patient enter into a bath, specially a naturall bath that is of alome, & if his head be ouer hote in the bathe, you must coole it often with oyle of roses & vinegre applyed in clothes to it specially on the fore parte of the head, and about the forehead and the tempels. And if the disease doe cease by these remedies, then vse noe other. But if it continew still, you must cut the arteryes that be nigh the temples aboue the eares, specially if the disease come of hote vapours ascēding to the braine by the arteries. And this is not only the praecept of Galen, but also of Aetius, & Paulus Aegineta. How the arteries should be cut you shall lerne of the said AEgineta in his. 6. booke & 4. Chap. Albeyt Galen affirmeth, that some haue not bene helped by cutting of the arteries, partly for that the hote & vaporours spirits doth sometime ascend by deeper arteries into the braine, and partly for that a windy spirit maie be engendred by an inequall distempure of the braine. And therfor if the disease be caused by any of these meanes before rehersed, the patient shall feele small ease or none by cutting of the arteries. And therfor be diligēt to enquire of the aforsaid causes, before you cut the arteries.C [...]teri [...]. It profiteth much to apply this cautery behind the eares. ℞. of cantarides ther heades, winges, & legges being cast awaie. ʒ.j. sharpe leauen. ʒ.ss. with vinegre & aqua vita cōmixe them & applie them.Cure of the vertigo that cometh of the stomake. V [...]itus. If the vertigo be caused by the consent of the stomake (that is) if humours contained in the mouth of the stomake, do send vp vapours to the braine, and so cause the vertigo: it must be cured by vomit, which you shall prouoke in this sorte. ℞. Of dill a handfull, seades of radish & rapes. ana. ʒ.ij. rootes of radishe. ℥.ss. boile them in sufficient quantity of water, vntill the third parte be cōsumed, then straine it & put therto oximel scilliticū. ℥.j.ss. cōmixe them & make a poriō, & minister it bloud warme after meat immediatly. And if this suffyse not, it is good to purge him with Hierapicra Galeni. Or with pilles that be good for the stomake, called stomachicae for that cause, or with decoction of mirabolanes [Page 17] citrine or chebuli, or with manna, or with syrupe of roses solutiue, according to the diuersity of the humour abounding. Let the patient vse commonly after meate to eat some restrictiue thing that will close the mouth of the stomake, and hinder the ascending of vapours vp to the head, as is Diacotoneon sine speciebus, and quinces, or restrictiue peares, or such like. Marcellus saith, the iuice of black beates annointed vpon the tempels helpeth the Vertigo. Also if sothernwood be boiled in wine, or in oximell, & dronke warme, it is a most effectuall remedy to cure it perfectly.

CAP. XV. Of the frenisie.

PHRENITIS in Greeke and in Latin is a disease, wherin the mind is hurte, & doth differ only from madnes, which is called in Greeke and Latine Melancholia, or Mania. For that a feuer is ioyned with the phrenisy, and therfor the frenisy may be called a continuall madnes & fury ioyned with a sharpe feuer. Galen saith that the frenisy is an inflammacion of the braine or of the filmes therof. Aetius saith that it is an inflammaciō of the filmes of the braine with an acute feuer, causing raging and vexation of the mind.Three [...]ndes of fren [...]sie [...]. Ther be three kindes of frenisies (as Galen doth witnesse in his fourth Booke de Locis affectis. cap. 40.) according to the internal senses, which be three in number, that is imagination, cogitation & memory, which may seuerally be hurt. Two of those kinds be simple, and the third is compounded of those two. For some be frenetick, which can iudge rightly of those things that they see as touching commō sense & imagination, and yet in cogitatiō & fantasy they erre from naturall iudgemēt. Some other being frenetick are not deceiued in cogitation and reason, but only in imagination they erre. Ther be other some frentick which doe erre both in sense and cogitatiō (that is) both in imaginatiō & reason, and doe ther with also lose ther memory.Causae. The frenesy is caused eyther of aboū dance of bloud, or of choler, occupying the braine or the filmes thereof. And if the choller wherof the disease engēdreth be burnt, then the frensie is most vehemēt & more pernicious then any other. Those that be frentick haue a cōtinuall feuer, & be madde, for the most parte they cannot sleepe. Sometime they haue troublesome sleepes, so that they ryse vp, & leap,Signa. & crie out furiously, they babble wordes without order or sense, being asked a question, they aunsctere not directly, or at the least rashly, & that with loud voice, especially if you speake gently to them. Ther eyes be bloudshotten and bleared, they rubbe them often, sometime they are drie, and sometime full of sharpe teeres. Ther tongue is rough, and bloud will often droppe out at there nose. Moreouer they pull motes & flockes from the bedding and clothes about them. Ther pulses be small & weak, and somewhat hard and senowy, they fetch ther breath but seeldom. Note that they which haue the frenesy, caused of bloud, they laugh in there madnes. But those that be frentick through choler they rage furiously, so that they can not be ruled without bands, & such do vse to forget all things that they doe or say, so that some of them, when they require the chamberpot, doe forthwith forget to make vrine, or when they haue done it, they remember not to restore the vessell againe.Prognostica. As touching the prognostication of this disease: Galen and all other lerned Phisitions doe confesse that it is most sharpe & most perilous, and is in deed vncurable and deadly for the most parte. Hippocrates saith in the 72. aphorisme of his fourth booke that vrine white & cleer in those that do raue, is a very euill and deadly token. Concerning diet let the sicke be vsed in this sorte.Victus ratio. If it be winter, let him lye in a warme place, if it be sommer, let his lodging be in a coole place, let the ayer and the light be moderate, and let ther not be diuerse pictures in the place. And for that some be troubled with the light, and some with darknes, it is best to trie them in both, and to lay him in the light, which is afraid of darknesse, and contrary he that is offended at the light, let him be in a dark place. But if the sicke person do finde noe difference in the places, then, if he be strong, let him haue light, if weak, keep him in a darke place. Let his dearest frindes come to him, and let them sometime speake gently & softely vnto him, & sometime rebuke him sharply. Let his meate at the first be ptisan broth, or husked barley boiled, or the crume of bread dipped often in aqua mulsa (that is) water & hony sodden together, or in hony [Page 18] of roses. Boile in his brothes, endiue, succory, lettuse, mallows, & such like, which haue vertue to coole & moisten. When the disease decreaseth, you may giue him scaly fishes, such as lyued in grauelly ryuers. If he be very hote within, you may giue him pomegarnettes, and cheryes. Let his drinke be water, wherin a litle Cynamon or barley hath bene boiled, you may commixe with it syrupe of violettes, or of roses, or of water lillies. But beware you giue them not much at once, nor oftentimes, but seldomee, and a litle at once. When signes of cō coction appeare in the vrine, and the vehemency of the feauer is slaked, if then the sick lacke strength, you may giue him small white wine allaied with water. Moreouer let the sicke be kept quiet without mouing as much as is possible, if he be riche let seruauntes hold him, if poore, bind him, for inordinate mouing deminisheth strength. Also a bath of sweete water is good for him, if the body be drye and rimpled, but he muste vse it bloud warme. For so it cooleth and moisteneth, and by that meanes it cureth the drynes and ouermuche watching, but take heede you vse not bathing before the body be purged. Moreouer perturbations of the minde do hurte frantick persons excedingly, and therfor you must suffer them to vse nothing,Curatio. that will make them sadde, or engender choler in them. For the cure, if the strength of the patiēt will suffer, let him bleed forthwith for ther is none so present a helpe. You must cut the vttermost vaine of the arme called Caephalica, Ven [...] sectio. and if that appeare not, take the midle vaine, & draw out as much bloud as strength will suffer. But take heed you let him not bleed vntill he sound, as many rashely doe, for it is better to take lesse then you should doe, the body being much weakened by vehemēt motion. You must take good heede, least the sicke doe priuily take away the band of his arme, or loose it. Afterward also you may stryke the vaine in the middest of the forehead. But if age or strength doe forbid bloudletting, then vse cupping with scarification, behind in the necke and on the back bone, which be profitable for that they drawe back the humours that flowe to the braine. For that purpose also clisters are specially to be vsed made in this sorte.Clyster. ℞. Mallowe leaues, violet leaues, endyue, and lettuce. ana. M.j. of Barley decorticate. ℥.j. sebesten. num. 11. seades of gourdes, melons and cucūbers. ana. ʒ.iij. seeth all these in sufficiēt quantity of water, vntill the third parte be cōsumed, then straine it and take of the decoctiō. ℥.xij. of casia fistula newly drawen. ℥.j.ss. of mel rosarum. ℥.j. of oyle of violettes. ℥.iij. of salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them all and make a clister. If you will haue it to purge more strongly, put to it of Hierapicra, or of Elcium de succo rosarum. ℥.ss. binding of the extreme partes of the body profit muche to diuert the humours from the head. Also Mathiolus doth greatly commend stubium with the conserues of roses,A purging potion. & I my selfe haue proued it in this order to be most excellēt as followeth. ℞. g.12. made in very fine powder and put it into clarret wyne. ℥.iiij. and let it stand houres .30. and euery 6. or .7. houre shake it. And at the .30. houres end, poure it from the powder, and let him drinke it with a litle sugar. This doth mightely purge the superfluous humors from the head, as also to rubbe the feete with salte and vineger and such like. You must sprinckle the head with oyle of roses,Localia. or vinegre of roses being bloud warme. For the braine or his filmes being enflamed, can not safely abyde actuall cold, nor vehement heate. For the same purpose also you may vse iuice of nightshade, & of plantaine, or the distilled waters of them, or such like herbes. If the euill be very vehement, moisten his face cōtinually with oyle or water, wherin the toppes of poppye haue bene sodden. You may also vse odours to his nose, of roses, violettes, water lillies, and such like. Also annoint his nosethrills within, and his forhead with the iuyce of the afore said herbes. For you must endeuour to astonye and dull the braine, which burneth extremely by cooling it. If the sicke watche ouermuch, then you must apply such things as doe prouoke sleepe,Vnguentum. as this ointement following, or such like. ℞. Vnguenti populeon. ʒ.ij. oyle of violettes. ʒ.iij. sead of henbane, & barke of mandrake rootes. ana. ℈.ss. of opium gra. ij. of saffron. g.iij. vinegre a litle, whit waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment, and annoint the tempels therwith. Also this embrocation maie be vsed bloud warme to the head.Embrocha. ℞. floures of violettes, redd roses, and water lillies. ana. M.j. Barley decorticate. ℥.j. seades of whit poppy. ʒ.ij. seades of lettuce. ʒ.iij. seeth them in sufficient quātity of water vnto the third parte, and make an embrocation. You shall make the decoction of more force, if you adde to it leaues of henban, nightshade, poppy heades, mandrake appels, or rootes, and a litle vineger. You may also lay vnder his pillowe, poppie heades, or mandrake [Page 19] appels. You maie also for the same purpose, giue him to drinke water wherin poppy or henban seede hath bene sodden, or some somnoriferous compounde as is regines Nicolai, or philonium, or such like, in ministring whereof you must obserue, that you giue them not in the vehemencie of the fit, but in the declining therof. Besydes note that you must eschew continuall vse of stupefactiue medicines aswell inwardly as outwardly also. For in this disease, by ouermuch cooling you may turne the frenesy into a litargy, wherby you may cause him to sleepe so, that you can awake him noe more. Also if the patient be weake beware how you minister stupefactiue things to prouoke slepe, for in such as be weak (as Trallianus saith) somnoriferous potions doe noe small hurte, and sometime they kill. At the last when the disease is asswaged, and waxeth more gentle, which for the most parte, chaunceth the third day:Discutienti [...]. you may apply discussiue medicines which haue vertue to disperse the remnaunt of the disease. And for that purpose you may applie the aforsaid embrocation, adding to it before, floures of cammomil, dill, melilote, marshe mallowes, and such like. Ther be som that at this time (the disease declining) doe apply to the head, hennes or whelpes cut in the middes, or the loungs of a wether hote. But take good heed, that noe such thing be applied in the beginning of the disease, or in the vehemencie thereof, for so you should encrease the inflammation and the feuer, and make the sicke in more perill. Moreouer if the euill continue long, you may boile in the embrocatiō serpillum, that is, wilde time or sauerie. Also in the declination of the inflammation (as Galen teacheth) you may vse Castoreum, for that it is of subtill substaunce, and will worke his force through the skull. When the frenticke person is recouered, let him eschew dronkennesse, idlenes, variety and corruptiōs of meates, and especially the burning heat of the sunne. Hereby you may lerne not only, the cure of the frenesy, but also remedy against immoderate watching, & rauing in any sort engendred by feauers, when the patient is so vexed by them, (although they come by consent and be but accidētes of the feauers) that it is necessarie to remedy them lest the braine in time be therby affected.

CAP. XVI. Of the Lethargie.

LETHARGVS in Greeke and in Latin also, is a disease contrary to the frenesy for it causeth sluggishnesse and an inexpugnable desyre of sleeping, some call this disease, in Latin Ʋeternus. They that be taken with this disease, do forget al things, wher vppon it hath that name. For Lethe in Greeke is forgetfullnes, [...]. Causae. and Arges is slouthfull or dull, so that Lethargus is nothing els but a dull obliuiō, & therfor may be called in Latin Obliuio iners. It is caused of fleume, which cooleth the braine ouermuch, and moisteneth it, and therby prouoketh sleepe. The fleume doth putrify in the braine,Signa. & therby causeth a feuer which is alwaies annexed with this disease (as Galen testifieth in his. 13. booke de Methodo medendi. Also they haue alwaies a profound and dead sleepe. Ther pulse is great, and stryketh seeldome, and is watery (that is) it beateth as it were full of water. They fetch ther breath seldome and weakely they are continually sluggishe and sleepy, and can scarcely by any meanes be compelled to aunswere. They will somtime open ther eyes, if you crie loud to them, and shut them again forthwith, they are forgetfull and doe raue. They gape and gaspe often, and sometime keepe ther mouth open still, as though they had forgotten to shut it. Oftentimes being required to make water, & taking the chamber vessell, they forget to make vryne. For the most parte their egestions be liquide: but contrary wyse many are costiue. Ther vrine is like beastes vrine. Some of them doe tremble, and sweate all ouer. Let the chamber wherin the sicke doe lye be light and warme.Victus ratio. Let his meates be such as doe extenuate, cut, and drie, & let them be seasoned with apium, anyse, commin, pepper, cynamon, cloues, & such like. Let the sicke eat birds that liue vpon mountaines, and chickens, partriche, thrush, and such like. For pot herbes let him vse Asparagus, fennell, percely, and such like. Also giue him broth made with Barley or oatmeele, or alica, with oximell, or peniroyall. Let his drinke be hidromel (that is) water & hony sodden together, mead or watery, thinne whit wyne being astringēt, after he hath eaten it is not amisse [Page 20] to bind the extreme partes for a certaine space, that the vapours doe not ascend to the head. For the cure (if strength permit,Curatio. & nothing els doe let) it is good forthwith to let bloud. You must cut the middle vaine or the inwarde vaine of the arme, and draw out so much bloud, as strength will permit. But if you may not safely let bloud then must the bowells be scoured with sharpe Clisters, whereof you shall finde examples in the Chapter of Apoplexia. Afterward the humour abounding must be prepared with decoction of hysope in hony and water, or with time, peniroyall, mel rosarum, or oximell commixed with syrupe of borage, or infusion of roses, and waters of hysope, betony, maiorame, and borage. And afterward purge him with som medicine that will expell fleume, wherof you shal find examples in the next Chapter following.Localia. In the meane season apply to the head oxyrhodium, (that is) vineger of roses, and that in the beginning, for the humour is to be repelled, and driuen back from the head, what soeuer it be. For the which purpose also, it is good to vse frictions with pellitory, pepper, salt, and vineger and bindinges of the extreme partes. Moreouer apply to his nosethrills odours which will awake him, as be these, Castoreum, the snuffe of a candle quenched, tarre, galbanum, sulphur, hartes horne, sothernwood, or gotes hornes burnt a litle, and holden to the nosethrills. You may pricke ther legges, and ther extreme partes, and pull them by the heare violently to awake them. Also you may boile time, peniroyall, and origan in vineger, and hold that decoction to the nose of the sicke, that the fume ascending to the braine maie cut, and deuide the tough humours. Also annoint the palate of the mouth with strong & sharpe medicines, as with mustard & hony, with mithridarum, theriaca, powder of pellitory. And you must endeuour to plucke out the fleume that sticketh ther with your fingers. Sometime also you may prouoke snesing with Castoreum, or pepper, or Eleborus, and if they can vse it, let them gargaryse. And if by this meanes the disease be not dissolued, then shaue the head, & apply to it bagges of salt, or milium, or such like. Or make this decoction following, and let it runne a heigh vpon the fore parte of the head. ℞. wild time, hysope, and sauery with a litle Castoreum, and boile them in oyle and vineger, and vse it. Moreouer it profiteth to apply a sinapismus, made of figges, and mustard sead beaten together with vineger. Afterward you must apply to the hinder parte of the head cupping glasses with great flame, about the first and second ioynt of the necke, partly easily and partly with scarification.Castoreum. Also the head must be annointed with castoreum. (And as Tralli [...]nus saith) Castoreum dronke with oximell an houre befor the fitte, is exceding good: for (as he saith) he hath knowen many by that one medicine restored to lyfe & health. You may minister. ʒ.j. therofe-with. ℥.j. of oximell, or with so much whit wyne astringent, or with aqua mulsa. Besydes you must often prouoke natur to expell excrementes with clisters and such things that prouoke vrine. You must annoint the share with oyle of rewe, wherin a litle Castoreū is mixed, you must giue him in drinke such things as do extenuate & cut grosse and clammy humours, as be the decoctions of Apium, fennell, maidenheare and such like. You must admonishe the sicke to swallowe downe such potions often, & therefor you may droppe it into his mouth with a suckling boxe. In the lethargie it cōtinueth long, if strength do permit you maie minister Hiera ex colocyut hide, and prouoke him to sneese with the medicines aforenamed. At the last when the disease beginneth to decline, gestation on horsback, or in a litter is profitable, and bathing is exceding good at that time, but the head of the sicke maie not be wette by any meanes. And if the sicke for lacke of strength can not abyde the heat of the bathe: at the least let him be washed at home in a vessell of warme water. Let him be scoured in the bathe with sharpe sope, as with wyne lies burnt, with mustard seed, pellitory, pepper, laurell bearies, quicke lyme, adding double as much nitrum.

CAP. XVII. Of Memory lost.

MEMORIA deperdita, the losse of memorie chaunceth sometime alone▪ and sometime reason is hurte with it.Caus [...]. It is caused in the lethargie and other soporiferous diseases. It commeth to passe also that the soporiferous diseases being ended, ther ensueth forgetfulnes. Which when it chaunceth, then a cold distempur is the cause that the memorie is perished or greuouslie hurt. This [Page 21] coldnes hath sometime moistnes ioyned with it, and sometime drynes: sometime any one of the former distempures maie cause this disease alone. Therfore the Phisition must diligently discerne the causes. The causes of this disease be either externall or internall, if they be internall, either aboundance of fleume, or melancholie is cause of it. If ther be no signes of those humours abounding, then must it needes come of some externall cause, especiallie if it come not through extreme old age. The externall causes you maie lerne by relation of the sicke, and those that are about him, as if anie disease be newly passed, and so turned into obliuion, or if medicines were ministred inwardlie, or applyed outwardly to the head which haue vertue to coole extremelie. Or if it came of immoderate labour with studie & watching or such like. If the memorie be but a litle hurte, it betokeneth that the braine is but litle cooled. If reason be lost together with the memorie, then the affect is called Fatuitas or stultitia, (that is) folishnes or doltishnes, and both these do come of one dispositiō, but that it is more vehement wher both are hurte. As touching signes,Signa. if only a drie distempure occupying the hinder parte of the head doe cause this euill then ouermuch watching troubleth the sicke. If only a moist distempur be cause of it, then they are heauie and enclyned to sleepe, and ther sleepes be long and troublesome. If cold be ioyned with moisture, it engendreth the lethargy and Carus wherof we will entreate in the next Chapter. Therfore in them that haue lost ther memorie you must obserue ther sleepes, whither they be ouer sleepy, or in a meane, or sleepe not at all, for so shall you finde what distempure doth most abound. Besides you must marke whither they auoid any thing at the nose, or whither any thing distill from the head by ther mouth, or whither those partes be altogether drie. For by them you maie likewyse coniecture the distempure abounding. And if fleume be cause of the euill, you shall perceue it not only by immoderate sleepe, and aboundaunce of excrementes discending from the braine (as is afore said) but also by the disposition of the sicke, by his age, and his complexion, by the time of the yere, the region, the state of the ayer, and by the diet that he vsed before. For all those or the most parte of them encline to cold and moisture. Likewyse if melancholy abounding be cause of the disease, you shall knowe it for that the sicke is not sleepy at all, nether doth he auoid any excrementes at all from the braine, besydes the state of his body and all other circunstaunces aboue rehearsed encline to cold & drines. His diet must be dyuerse according to the diuersitie of the causes. But whatsouer the cause be,Victus ratio. let the aier that the sicke remaineth in, be inclining to heat, and let his lodging be light, let not his windowes be north nor south, for the one cooleth and the other filleth the head. Let him eschewe much sleep speciallie in the daie time, and vpon a full stomake. But note, if the disease be caused of a cold & moist distempur, then the whole order of his diet must be hote and drie. But if the cause be cold and dry, then must the diet be altogether such as will heat and moisten. As touching the cure if losse of memorie be caused by vehement purgations,Curatio. or other immoderate euacuations, or by soundings often, and so ouer much drynes do hurt the memorie, then minister noe medicines, but only restore the bodie by good diet. For the bodie being corroborate, & strength renewed, the memorie will come again. If you require to know what things are requisite for such a diet, you shall find it in the Chapter of the feuer hectike. If the memorie be lost by extreme age, then phisick will nothing auaill. But only they must content them selfes with diet cōuenient, but if the memory fail sodainlie, the other members of the body being safe, then the falling sicknes is to be feared, or the palsey, or the Apoplexy. And therfor in such a case you must prouide diligently by al meanes that no such thing chaunce as is to be feared. You maie preuent those diseases by the same remedies that you would vse in the cure of them being present. And if the memorie faile by meanes of other diseases, as through the lethargie or pestilence, then medicines for cure thereof are to be vsed. The whole scope of curing the disease, if it come only of a cold distempure of the braine consisteth in heating. You must therfore minister medicines that haue vertue to heat aswell inwardlie as outwardly. Outwardly you must annoint the head with warme oyle, & that in sommer. In winter annoint it with oile of Ireos commixed with sharpe vineger, and sometime boile wild time, and calamint, and such like in the oile, and so vse it. Som do adde to it pepper, and laurell bearies. Also Castoreum is profitable being commixed with oile, and annointed vpon the hinder parte of the head. Also this ointmēt is very good. ℞. of oile made [Page 22] of tyle stones,Vngu [...]. called Oleum de Lateribus, and oyle of Castoreum. ana. ℥.ss. rootes af [...]corns, & valerian. ana. ℈.j. pellitory and [...]ewe of eche. ℈.ss. with waxe sufficient make an ointment, & annoint the hinder parte of the head therwith being shauen, and apply this quilt vpon it. ℞. floures of rosemary,Sac [...]u [...]. balme, and lauender. ana. M.ss. flours of Elder. M.j. stechas. ʒ.iij. nutmegges, wood of aloes, and macis. ana. ℈.j. powder them, and stich them in silke, and make a quilt. You may make many such like medicines by examples in other Chapters. You may minister inwardly conserues of the floures of betonie, rosemarie, lauender, spicknard and baulme, adding to them pepper, cloues, Cinnamon, and such like odoramentes. If memorie be lost by cold, and moistnes ioyned together minister Hierapicra, which will purge out nothing that is good, but only that which is noisome. Afterwardes let him vse gargarises, sternutations, and whatsouer doth purge by the mouth & the nose. Also a sinapismus may profitablely be applyed to the head. If obliuion be caused of fleume abounding, then you must first prepare, and concoct that humour, with mel rosarum, oximel, syrupe of infusion of roses, with decoctions of betony, maiorame, hysope, time, and such like, after the administration wherof, the matter being concoct and prepared, you maie purge it with decoction of mirabolanes, chebulorum, and agaricke trochiscat, to the which you may adde of the syrupe of infusion of roses, or Diacatholicon, or Diphenicon. And if the matter through his grossenes, will not sufficiently purge at once, then you must prepare it againe, and after purge it with pilles, arabicae, aurea, or aggregatiua, commixing some of them with agaricke trochiscat, and so make pilles with hony of roses, or syrupe of staechados. After you may particularlie purge the head with gargarises and sternutations. After purging it is good to minister vnto them Castoreum or shauing of iuorie. ʒ.j. with aqua mulsa, or as much Confectio anacardina, or aurea Alexandrina, or diambra, diamoschu dulce, or mithridatum, or theriaca with aqua mulsa or whit wyne. Afterward you maie vse outwardly embrocations, and poure them downe from a heigh vpon the head being shauen, specially nighe to the seame, wher the bone is loosest or thinnest. You may make your embrocation thus. ℞. of hysope serpillum, and time. ana. M.ss. betony,Embrocha. maiorame, and floures of cammomill. ana. pug. ss. floures of stechados. ʒ.iij. make a decoction, and adde therto of Castoreum. ʒ.j. of vineger. ℥.j. & make an embrocation. It is good also to annoint the first and second spondill in the necke, and the hinder parte of the head, whith Oleum nardi [...]um, oyles of nutmegges, of Castoreum, of pepper, or Oleum costiuum. Seccul [...]. And you may apply theruppon a quilt, made in this sorte. ℞. hysope, maiorame, and floures of staechados. ana. ʒ.j. Castoreum, nutmegges, spicknard, macys. ana. ℈.j. the barkes of frankinsence, masticke, and wood of aloes. ana. ʒ.j.ss. redd roses dried the waight of all beat them to powder, and make a quilt. And if the euill cease not by this meanes, then laste of all, vse a sinapismus. If memorie be lost by aboundaunce of melancholye, you must first prepare it to expulsion, by syrupe of borage, and fumitorie mixed together, and adding syrupe of infusion of roses, and waters of betony, hoppes and baulme and such like. Afterward minister this potion following.Decoctio. ℞. Mirabolanorum, indorum. ʒ.iij. sene, and epithimum. ana. ʒ.ij. floures of hoppes, fumitory, & borage. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. make a decoction in running water, & hauing strained it, dissolue therin of fine mamia. ℥.ij. of Diacatholicon. ʒ.vij. or Diasene. ℥.ss. and make a potion. As touching outward medicines, let them rather encline to moisture then drynes. As by adding to the ointmentes before praescribed, oiles of cammomill, dill, & sweet almondes. Likwyse in making embrocations and quiltes, you may withdrawe such medicines as drie, and adde moist things in ther stead. Hereby a circumspect Phisition maie not only haue a reasonable Method, to cure eche kind of obliuion, but also to remedy any dullnes or weaknes of the memory. For that it commeth of the same causes that memory lost doth come, allthough they be not so vehement, wher the memorie is weakned.

CAP. XVIII. Of Carus or Subeth.

Carus. CAROS in Greeke, and Carus in Latin is a disease, in which both sense & mouing is altogether taken awaie, and yet ther breathing remaineth safe. The Arabians call this disease Subeth. Subet. This disease differeth from the lethargie, for that they will aunswere to a question demanded, that haue the lethargie, and doe not [Page 23] lye altogether downe. But they that haue Carus, are occupied with deep sleepe, and if they be stirred or pricked, although they feele, yet they will say nothing, nor once open ther eyes. Besides as Paulus Aegineta noteth, a vehement feuer doth vse to go before Carus, and in the lethargie it followeth rather. Also Carus vseth to succead other symptomats and accidents. For it commeth often in the fittes of feuers, and in the falling sicknes, and in pressing of the braine, aswell when the braine pann is crushed together, as also if the filmes that couer the formost ventricle of the braine, be thrust downe. But the lethargie hath a certaine peculiar consistence of him selfe. Also Carus doth differ from the Apoplexie, for that in it the breathing is very straight, so that the sicke can with much a doe scarce breath at all. But he that hath Carus (as Galē witnesseth in his fourth Booke de Locis affectis) hath his breath at liberty. Carus is caused of a cold, grosse, and viscous flegmatick humour filling the braine.Causae. Signa. You maie easily know the signes by that which hath bene rehearsed before. For in this disease they are altogether in a dead sleep, and ther eyes alwaies shut. As for the diet, and the cure of those that haue Carus, it agreeth altogether with thers, that haue the lethargy.Victus. Cura. Wherof we spake before (in the. 16. Chaptre) sauing that in this disease you must vse things that be of greater force to extenuate, cut, and deuyde the grosse humours. Also you must apply emplasters, and other medicines to the stomake, which haue vertue to heat, & corroborate it, for because it is stuffed with fleume which doth coole it and moisten it. Wherof you shall find examples in the beginning of the third Booke.

CAP. XIX. Of Congelation or taking.

CATOCHE or Catalepsis in Greeke, in Latin may be called Occupatio, Detentio, & deprehensio. The newe wryters in phisick do call it Congelatio, Conge [...]atis. in English it maie be called Congelation or taking. It is a sodaine detention & taking both of mind and body, both sense and mouing being lost, the sicke remaining in the same figure of bodie wherin he was taken, whither he sit or lye, or stand, or whither his eyes be open or shut. This disease is a meane betwene the lethargie and the frenesy, for it cometh of a melancholy humour for the most parte, as shalbe declared afterward. Therefor in respect of coldnesse it agreeth with the lethargie, and in respect of drynes with the frenesy. Hereupon it cometh that they which haue this disease, are nether like the freneticke altogether, nor like them that haue the lethargie.Causae. This disease is caused sometime of aboundance of bloud flowing to the head and replenishing it. But for the most part (as AEtius witnesseth) it is caused of a cold and drye melancholicke humour, troubling the hinder partes of the head and braine. This disease inuadeth a man sodainly, and taketh away speach and sense from him, he heareth nothing,Signa. he aunswereth nothing, his breathing is scarcely to be perceiued, but he lieth as he wer dead. His pulse is small & weak & very thick. His egestion & vrine are detained, or els they come forth in small quantity, & that is not in respect of drynes, for the sicke somtime doth abound with much moistur, but for lacke of sense. Ther face is somtime redd, and that is when the euill is engendred of bloud, and somtime it is swart, & that is wher melancholy causeth the disease. Moreouer the eyes in this disease remaine immoueable, as though they were frosen. This euill differeth from Carus (as Galen saith) for that in it the eye liddes are euer shut, but in this disease they somtime remaine open. The diet in this euill must be diuerse according to the diuersity of causes. Let his food be ptisan broth, and such like.Victus. Let his drinke be aqua mulsa well boiled, or thinne white wyne well alaied, for such wyne, seing it doth not fume into the head, doth much good. It his hurtfull for them to drinke water, for it causeth windynes, swelleth the splene, and quencheth not thirst. As concerning the cure if the face of the sicke be ruddy, and bloud seme to abound, if strength permit and yeres,Curatio. let him fourth with bleed on the outwardmost vaine of the arme, & let him bleed according to his strēgth. Afterward if the head be hot, apply those things that coole. For that purpose you may boile the shelles of poppy heades in oile, and annoint the head therwith. But in other, that haue [Page 24] ther face swart, & so haue tokens of melancholy abounding, you must first clense the guttes with clisters, made of floures of borage, buglosse, fumitorye, tyme, epithimum, rootes of polipodie, leaues of sene, adding to it oiles of cammomill, and dill, and casia, diacutholicon, diasena, or confectio [...]amech in conuenient quantity. Whereof you shall find examples afterward in the Chaptre of Melancholia. And if the belly become not soluble by this meanes, then is it not amisse to boile in the former decoction rootes of Eleborus [...]ger. The head must be annointed with oile, wherin wild time is sodden, or with oyle of lillies or dill, or such like, & that you must do chiefly when the head seemeth cold. Moreouer if his vrine appeare grosse and thick, you must giue him to drinke the decoction of dill, apium, calamint, & such like, as haue vertue to extenuate. It profiteth also to annoint all ther whole bodie with oyle of dill specially in winter. Also they that haue trembling with this disease maie haue. ʒ.j. of Castoreum commixed with aqua mulsa, and powred into ther mouth. The rest that concerne the cure of this disease maie be gathered partly out of the Chapters of the frenesie and lethargie before, and partly out of the Chaptre of melancholie following.

CAP. XX. Of dead sleep.

COMA in Greeke, sopor, or granis & profundus somnus in Latin. It may be called in Englishe dead sleepe.Coma. It is a disease wherin the sicke cannot awake, nor keep open his eyes, but doth keepe his eyes continually closse shut, and is in a sound sleepe. But ther be two kindes hereof, the one wherof we haue alredy spoken, and that is called simply Coma or sopor, or els Coma somnolentum. The other is called Vigilans sopor, and it is an euill wherin the sicke cannot hold open his eyes, though he be awake, but he winketh in hope to get sleepe, & yet is altogether awake. Therefor you must make a difference betwen these two kindes. The sleeping Coma (as Galen witnesseth) is somtime caused by ouermuch moistening of the braine,Causae. as it chaunceth to many dronken persons. Also in feuers only hot and moist vapours ascending from the inferiour partes, and moistening the braine doe cause this euill. Moreouer somtime only cold, occupying the fore part of the braine is cause of this euill. Sometime profound sleepe is caused of coldnes and moistnes ioyned together. The other euill called Vigilans sopor, or Coma (that is) the watching drowsynes, it is caused of fleume mixed with choler, and for the most parte it commeth for lack of strength, that they are not able to keep open ther eye liddes.Signa. The partie that is vexed with the soporiferous and sleepy Coma, doth sleep with his nether iawe open, and as often as he is awaked, he falleth into a new sleepe forthwith. They that haue the watching Coma, they speake they wote not what, & they lye with ther whole body out of order, and they haue partly such signes as appeare in the frenesie, & partly such as in the lethargie.Curatio. The cure is of two sortes, according to the diuersity of the euills. For in the soporiferous and sleepy Coma, you must vse those remedies that are praescribed in the Chapters of Carus, and the Lethargie, and to speak briefly after the whole body be purged, if the euill be caused of moistnes, then you must applye such things as will drye the braine made with sharpe vineger and roses, and cammomill commixed, and you may also let the fume therof go vp into the nosethrills. If it be caused of cold, then apply oyle of dill, and cammomill warmed, and if the cold be great, you maie somtime boile in oyle, peniroyall & dill and vse it. But if the euill be caused of cold and moisture ioyned together: then must it be cured, as the Lethargy. If it com of weaknes and lack of strength, then you must vse restoratiues to recouer it againe. Suppositaries are very good to be vsed in these kindes of diseases, for that they stirre and prouoke nature. For the watching Coma, since it consisteth of mixed and contrary causes, it must be cured by contrary medicines partly as the frenesie, and partly as the lethargie. And to know which of them you must vse most, you may lerne that by the humour most abounding. For if fleume abound mor then choler, then you must vse most the remedies against the lethargy: but if contrariewyse choler do most abound, then must your remedies be for the most parte suche as are good against the frenesy. And therefor you may seeke conuenient remedies out of those Chapters, as occasion serueth.

[Page 25]

CAP. XXI. Of the Apoplexy.

APOPLEXIA in Greeke and Latin is a disease wherin the fountaine and originall of all the senewes being affected, euery part of the body doth sodainly loose both mouing and sense. Or it is a depryuing both of sense and mouing through out the whole body coming sodainly with let and hurt of all voluntary functions. If this stopping of the brain come in on halfe of the body only then it is called Paralysis in Greeke: in English the palsey wherof we will speak in the next Chapter. The Apoplexie is caused of a flegmaticke humour, that is cold, grosse and tough,Causae. which doth at one time aboundantly fill the principall ventricles of the braine, which humour ouermuch crudities, and chiefly dronkennes doth engender. Also it is caused by a fall or a blow which shaketh & bruiseth the braine, and causeth humours to flowe thither. Also very cold ayer which doth thick and congele the humidities and excrements of the braine, doth somtime cause this disease: it may also be caused of a grosse melācholy humour. Concerning signes ther goeth befor this disease a full and sharp pain of the head,Signa. and a swelling of the vaines in the necke, the Vertigo, and brightnes before the eyes, also cold of the extreme partes without cause, panting of the whole body, slownes to moue, and gnashing of the teeth whyle they sleepe. Ther vrine is litle in quantity, black, like rust and canker in metall, and hath a residence like meale. They that fall into this disease doe lack sense altogether, they lye as they were a sleepe with ther eyes shut, and do snort. The vehemēcie & greatnesse of this disease maie be discerned by the impediment that they haue in breathing. For when it is very much differing from naturall order, it betokeneth vehemencie of the disease, and that it is a great and strong Apoplexie. But when ther is a litle impedimēt in the breathing, then you may iudge that ther is but litle hurte in the braine, and so you maie account it a small and weak Apoplexy. The worst and strongest Apoplexie is, wherin the breathing is so deminished that it can very hardly be perceiued, and that is almost as euill, wherin the breath stoppeth for a whyle, and then is fetched with great violence. This disease for the most part doth chaunce to old men, which be of a flegmaticke complexion, and which doe vse such a diet as encreaseth fleume. But if so be it inuade any yong person, and that in sommer season, it is most perillous. This disease is vncurable, or at the lest is seeldome cured. And therfor Hippocrates writeth in the .42. Apho. of his second Booke.Progn [...]a. It is impossible (saith he) to cure a vehement Apoplexie, & not easie to cure a weak one. For it threatneth speady death. Besides if it chaunce by medicines to be taken awaie, for the most part it departeth leauing the palsey behind it, ether in the whole body, or in some part thereof. Often also it corrupteth the memorie, wherupon we maye conclude that remedies are not to be vsed, against a strong Apoplexie, for that it is of nature deadly. But if it be weak, which you may know by the signes afore said, although ther be small hope to remedy it, yet (as Galen testifieth) conuenient remedies being ministred, it maie parhappes be cured, as experience hath proued in some. Those therfore whose cure is not altogether desperate, if ther be signes of plenitude and fullnes, & strength permit also,Curatio. must be let bloud on both the Caephalica vaines. But you must fortell the perill, for bloud letting doth either kill them, or deliuer thē: so that if after bloud letting (as Aetius saith) both mouing & sense come not vnto him againe, ther is no more hope. You must not drawe away much bloud at ones, but rather at sundrie times, and you must haue regard to his pulse, the colour of his face, & his breathing. Besydes you must prouoke him to the stole with sharpe clisters in this sort. ℞. sage, origan▪ betony,C [...]ster acris. and rew. ana. M.j. calamint, hysope, & peniroyall. ana. M.ss. seades of fenell, seselis. & ammi. ana. ʒ.iij. centory the lesse. M.j. rootes of polipody. ʒ.vj. fine agarick. ʒ.iij. pulpe of coloquintida. ʒ.ij. boile these in sufficiēt quātity of water, vntill halfe be consumed: then take of that decoctiō. ℥.xv. of Hierapicra, & Benedicta laxatiua. ana. ℥.ss. of Electuariū nidum. ʒ.iij. of Diaphaenicon. ʒ.ij. of mel rosarum clarified. ℥.j.ss. of oyles of laurell, rew, & Castoreū. ana. ℥.j. of fall gēme. ʒ.j.ss. cōmix them all & make a clister. Also the vse of suppositaries in this disease is very cōmēdable, made of Colloquintida, agarick, black hellebore▪ & such like, after this sort. ℞. of hony boiled to a height. ℥.ij. of Colloquintida, agaricke and hellehore. ana. ℈.ij. of fall [Page 26] gemme. ℈.j. beat them into powder, commixe them with the hony and make suppositaries vj. fingers long, and hang a thread in them, that you maie drawe them out when you liste. You maie also put into the suppositaries Hierapicra, or pilles Cochia. Afterward annoint the whole body with a good quantity of warme oile, wherin wild time, calamint, dill, and such like hath first been boiled. Also the extreme partes must be bound strongly and vehemently chafed with the decoctiō of the roote of floure deluce, many cupping glasses must be fastned to the shoulders. The head must be shauen, and annointed with oiles of cammomill, dill, & rew, or with oile, wherin the aforenamed herbes haue been boiled. You must apply to the nosethrills such thinges as by ther odour can stirre and raise vp the sicke, as be opoponax, castoreum, sagape [...]um, galbanum. Also you maie vse medicines to prouoke sneasing made of white hellebore, castoreum & such others rehersed in the former Chapters. Or it profiteth much to vse embrocations, made of cāmomill, melilote, sage, peniroyall, maiorame, origan, calamint, sauerie, and hysope boiled in equall portions of wyne & water. But yet it is better to vse drie medicines to the head, [...] as be sinapis [...] made after this sorte. ℞. Olei costiui. ℥.j. oiles of Castoreum and Euphorbium. ana. ʒ.iij. mustard seed. ʒ.ij. Castoreum. ʒ.j sagapenum. ʒ.j.ss. [...]uphorbium. ℈.j. vineger. ʒ.ij. with sufficient quantity of waxe, make an emplaister. Also you must open ther mouth by force, and put into it your finger, or a fether dipped in oile of Ireos to prouoke vomit,Vomitus. and to cause the grosse humours that be in the mouth to be caste out. Also ther fondament must be annointed with such medicines as dissolue windines, as be rewe, comyn, nitrum and honie. When the euill is assuaged, you must giue him meat of easie digestion, for the most mixed with hony. If his speache come not yet againe, so that strength permit, you maie fasten cupping glasses to the hinder part of the head with scarification. And in like sorte vnder the shorte ribbes, if you maie. Afterward let the sicke be carried in a wagon or horselitter.Victus. Let his drinke be mulsa, or oximell. Let him drinke no wyne. After. 21. dayes be paste the sicke may enter a bath, but as touching medicines requisite for the rest of the cure, you shall find them aboundauntly in the Chapter following. And this maie suffise for the cure of the Apoplexie, if so be it be curable.

CAP. XXII. Of the Palseye.

PARALYSIS in Greeke, Resolutio in Latin: in Englishe the Palseye. It is a disease wherin the one halfe of the body either the right or the left doth loose both sense and mouing. Also somtime the palsey chaunceth in one member only, (as for example) in the hand, the legge, or the tongue. But note here that the palsey which followeth the Apoplexy is particularly called in greeke [...]. And therfore the word Paralysis is a more generall name then Paraplegia. But wheras in the palsey, somtime sense only is lost, and sometime mouing alone, and somtime both sense and mouing: it is especially called resolution of the senewes or palseye, when mouing is lost. Why somtime feeling is lost only, & somtime mouing alone, & somtime both together, Galen declareth at large in his first Booke de symptomatum causis, Cap. 4. & ther for it need not be here rehersed, notwithstanding it shall not be amisse to aunswere briefly to that questiō.VVhy in the palsey sometime sense alone, sometime mouing alone, and sometime both together perishe. First note that aswell the faculty of mouing as of sense floweth from the braine, as from a fountaine, and is deryued from thence by & in the senewes to the instruments of motion and sense, and therfor it must needes be, if that faculty of the braine be hindred or stopped by any cause, that it cannot discend to the instruments of mouing or of sense: that they should loose mouing or sense according as the senewes be affected. And therfor in those members that participate two kindes of senewes, as the eyes and the tongue doe, the former question is easy to be soluted, for that they haue one kind of senewes for motion, & another kind for sense, and so the one may be hurte, and the other safe, or they may be both hurt, and so both sense and motion perishe. But in members, that haue but one kind of synewe, the question is more obscure to aunswere. In such members therfore, if (the skinne being takē away) the muscle lying naked cannot moue at all, and yet feeling remaineth in it, you may know that the hurt is not great. But if the senowes be much stopped, then hath it [Page 27] lost both sense and mouing, for it is vnpossible that the sense of a muscle should be lost, and the motion remaine still. The reason is for that lesse of the animal facultie is requisite for feeling, then for mouing, so that ther may come sufficient quantitie of that facultie to a muscle to cause feeling in it, and yet not enough to cause it to moue also, and therfor a naked muscle, which hath his facultie both of feeling and mouing, of one kind of senowe, cannot moue and lacke sense. But ether it hath sense, and lacketh mouing, and then his hurt is but litle, or it hath lost both, and that is when the hurt is great, and the senowe is altogither stopped. But where there is a member that hath senowes placed in the muscles to cause mouing, and other senowes spread in the skinne to cause feeling (for the senowes that are dispersed in the muscles do not send out branches to the skinne as some suppose) I say it may come to passe in that member, that sometime it may lose feeling alone, and sometime mouing alone, and sometime both togither. For it may be that the skin which couereth the muscle may loose his sense of feeling, the senowe being affected which is dispersed in it, and yet the senowe that runneth in the muscle may be safe, and therfore the muscle may moue. But if the senowe which is spred in the muscle be affected, and the senowe that commeth to the skinne remaine safe, that mēber cannot moue, and yet it hath sense and feeling left, and that commeth to passe, because the senowe of the one is hurt, and the other hath his senowe safe: although they spring both frō one place, yet they are deuided in the way as they come to the member. And if both the senowes be affected as well that, that cōmeth to the muscle, as that which cōmeth to the skinne, then both sense of feeling and mouing also perish and ar lost, and that is whē the cōmon foūtaine from whēce they do both spring, is affected and hurt. You may discerne that, when you know exactly the cōmon originall & spring of euerie senowe, in considering diligently whether the braine it selfe be affected, or the backbone at the head of it, or in any of his spōdils besides. This is to be knowen by the Anatomie of Senowes, and therfore it behoueth to be well excercised therein, for in the palsey there is no: one certaine place affected, but diuers places.To knowe if the brain be affected. If the braine it selfe be affected (I meane not the whole braine: for thē is the Apoplexy engendred) but if the right halfe or the left be affected, you shall know it, for that the palsey or resolution will be aswell on the right or left side of the face, as on the right or left side of the body. But if the face be safe,To [...]nowe if the [...] cause the palsey. and one halfe of the body be depriued of sense and mouing, then you may know that the place affected is the vpper end and first spondils of the backbone, but the one half only of the marow is affected, and that is it which is next to the side takē with the palsey. But if all the inferiour mēbers, (the face only excepted) be resolued and paraliticke, thē is the backbone affected in the same place, euē in the beginning and vpper end of it, but thē is the hurt vehemēt, for the whole marowe is affected. But if it chaūce one only part to be resolued, and taken with the palsey, you must searche from whence the senowes come that be contained in it,Of members part [...] [...] taken with the palsey. which you may easely find, if you be well excercised in Anatomie. For if the marrowe of the backe be not affected aboue where his first beginning is, but lower among the spondils, then if the affect and hurt be great, all the inferiour partes beneth those spondils affected, be resolued and taken with the palsey, but if the hurt be but litle, and the marrow but half affected, then only the inferiour parts of the one side be resolued. Therfore you must first learne by Anatomie to find the place affected, hauing foreknowledge from what part of the backbone, the mēbers resolued haue their senowes.Causae. The palsey and resolution of members is engēdred of aboūdance of grosse and clammie humours, which stop the senowes, and hinder the animal facultie, that it cannot come frō the fountaine to the mēbers. It may also be caused of immoderat cold in snow or vehemēt frost. Also it may be caused by an inflāmation, or a Scirrhus (which is a hard swelling without sense) chauncing in the backbone, or in parts nigh adioyning or in other senowy parts, whereby the senowes are crushed and pressed and so stopped that the animal faculty cannot passe. As also the senowes may be crushed togither by some externall cause, as by binding with a corde, or suche like meanes, & so cause resolution, also whē ther is luxation or fracture in any of the spōdils of the back, or in other iointes or bones, there may follow resolutiō by meanes of compressiō & crushing together of senowes. Also resolutiō or palsey may be caused by meanes of a wound, or an vlcer, ether in the brain, or in the marrow of the back, or in any particular senowes. There need not many signes to know [Page 28] this disease by: for any maie iudge easily, that parte or member to haue the palsey which is destitute of mouing: to knowe of what cause it proceded, you maie partlie learne by the relation of the sicke, and partly by the signes rehersed before in the .7. Chaptre. fol. 8. where headache caused of fleume is entreated of.Prognostica. The palsey is noe acute and sharpe disease, but of long continuance, and for the most parte curable. It chaunceth for the most parte in old folke, and in the winter time. The palsey that commeth by a synowe seperate and cut a sunder is (as AEgineta saith) vncurable, and so is that which commeth by ouerthwart incisions of the back or by great luxation of it. Moreouer if the member paraliticke do waxe lesse, or chaunge his colour, it is hard to be cured, or rather not curable. For it declareth those partes not only to be destitute of the animall faculty but also of the naturall, and after a sorte of the vitall also. Ther diet must be altogether extenuating and drying.Victus ratio. Let the sicke therfore remaine in an ayer, that is hot and drie, and in the first three dayes he maie vse altogether abstinence, or let him content him selfe with aqua mulsa, or a litle ptisan broth. Afterward giue him meats of good iuyce, light of digestion, and let them be rosted, let him eat chiefly birdes of the mountaines, and partrich, reare egges, almondes, and pyne nuttes. For pot herbes let him vse fennell, parcely, hisope, maiorame, sage and sauorie. Let him eschew fishe, fruite, and all things that be cold and moist. Let him drinke but litle, for it is good for him to sustaine as much thirst, as he can possibly. Let him drinke mulsa wherin sage or Cynamon hath bene boiled, or let him vse to drinke, that which the barbarous Phisitions at this daie call Hippocras: made after this sorte.Ipp [...]as. ℞. of chosen Cynamon. ℥.ij. of ginger. ℥.ss. of long pepper, graines, and galingale. ana. ʒ.j. of cardamomes. ʒ.j.ss. of nutmegges, cloues, and mace. ana. ʒ.j. boile them all in three quartes of running water vntill a pinte, and halfe be consumed, then straine it harde, and with halfe a pound of sugar make it pleasant to drinke, he maie drincke no wyne at all, vntill he be perfectly cured. But if the patient can hardly be kept so long tyme from wyne, giue him but a litle in the declyning of the disease, and let it be thinne and alaied. Mouing and exercyse if he can vse them, are very good for him. Let him eschewe sleepe on the daie. Let his night sleepe be in a meane. Let him be mery and fly perturbations of the mind.Curatio. For the Cure, if age, state of the body, tyme of the yeare, and such like permit, it is good to beginn with bloud letting, specially if ther be signes of plenitude. But you must drawe awaie bloud moderatly, lest the body be cooled ouermuch,V [...]nae sectio. and you must let bloud on the whole and sound side. Then a fewe daies after bloud letting, you maie clense the intestines with clisters made thus. ℞. of mallowes, holyhockes,Clyster. mercury, cammomill, sage, and betonie. ana. M.j. of staechas. ℥.ss. of rewe, and calamint. ana. M.ss. of seedes of fennell, and ammeos. ana. ʒ.ij. boile these in sufficient water vntill the third parte be consumed, then take of that decoction. lb.j. of Benedicta Laxatina. ℥.ss. of Ele [...]tuarium nidum. ʒ.iij. of honie of roses. ℥.ss. of oyles of laurell, Ireos, and rewe. ana. ℥.j. of salt gemme. ʒ.j. commixe them together and make a clister. Afterward minister vnto him decoctions and syrupes, which haue vertue to extenuate flegmatick humours, and make them apt to be purged, wheref you shall find examples before in the 7. Chap. The humours being thus prepared minister medicines which do purge fleume, beginning with gentle ones, & proceding by litle & litle to stronger. Besides those purgations which are rehersed in the 7. Chap. aforsaid, you may vse pilulae azairet, arabicae, faetidae, with the which you must alwaies cōmix agarick. Neither doth it suffise to purge the patiēt once, but you must do it oftē, letting .4. or .5. daies passe betweē ech purging. The next day after he is purged,Capitis purgatio. it profiteth much to giue vnto him theriaca, or mithridatū. The body being welpurged, you must vse sternutatiōs, gargarisms, odoramēts, & such other like, as ar rehersed in the 7. cha. And that specially whē the brain is principally affected. For if the brain be not affected, you must rather minister such medicins as may corroborat, & strēgthen it, in this sorte. ℞. of diambra, plicis, archoticon, & diamoschu dulce. ana. ℈.j. of pouder of swallows preparate. ʒ.ss. of coriander seedes preparate. ʒ.j. of sugar roset. ʒ.iij. with sugar dissolued in rose water make lozēges,Lozeng [...]s. & let the patiēt hold a litle of one of thē in his mouth oftē. It profiteth also in this disease to take. ʒ.j. of Castoreū, or of opoponax, or sagapenum, in aqua mulsa. Also diatrionpipereō is good for thē. Yf the brain be chiefly affected, you must anoint the head with hote [Page 29] medicines, as with Castoreum, mintes, laurell bearies, oile of Ireos boiled with a litle vineger, and such like. Therfor if coldnes of the wether do not let it, you may shaue the head, and annoint it all ouer to the forhead. If the marowe of the back be affected at the vpper end wher he beginneth, then after the former purgation you must in the nape of the necke wher the marow of the back springeth forth of the braine vse oiles and ointments, which haue vertue to dissolue & discusse, but you must begin with the weakest, as with oiles of cāmomill, dill, spike, lillies, Ireos, narde, nutmegge, S. Iohns worte, & earthwormes, wherwith you must annoint the nape of the neck, & the resolued syde, specially the halfe of the ridge bone: & you must wrappe the paralitick members in warme linnen clothes, or in a foxe skinne, to keep them warme▪ or you may bath them with the decoction of sage, maiorā, cammomill, S. Iohns worte, staechas, and rosemary. Afterward you may proceed to stronger medicines as be oiles costinum, vulpinum, oyles of rewe, and bayes, oiles of Castoreum, Euphorbium, and oile of tyle stones, called Oleum è lateribus, or Oleum Philosophorum. To these you may adde these ointmentes, vnguentum aregon, vnguentum agrippa, and vng. martiaton, and hot simples maie be added. Also if you will, as be betony, sage, rosemary, galingale, cowslippes, rewe, calamint, pellitory, pepper, Castoreum, and Euphorbium. Of these you may make an ointment after this sort. ℞. of vng. aregon, Vnguentum. and martiaton. ana. ℥.j. of vnguentum agrippa. ℥.ss. of oiles costiuum & vulpinum. ana. ʒ.ss. of oile of earthwormes. ℥.ss. of oile of castor. ʒ.j.ss. of pouders of betony, pepper, sage. ana. ℈.j. of castoreum, & euphorbium. ana. ℈.ss. of galingale or rootes of acorns. ℈.ij. with waxe as much as suffiseth, make an ointment. Or thus.Aliud. ℞. of oleum costiuum. ℥.ij. of oile of pepper. ℥.j.ss. oile of euphorbium. ʒ.ij. of aqua vitae. ℥.ij.ss. of iuyce of sage, and coweslippes. ana. ℥.j.ss. of galingale. ʒ.iij. of staechas & rosemary. ana. ʒ.ij. of pellitory & pepper. ana. ʒ.j. of Euphorbium. ʒ.ss. bruise them and boile them vntill the aqua vitae & iuyces be consumed, then straine out the oiles, & put to the waxe and make a lynement. By example of them you may make a Cerote also after this manner. ℞. of bay bearies, pellitory,Ceratum. and pepper. ana. ʒ.ij. of galingale. ʒ.j. of staechas, betony, & elder. ana. ʒ.j.ss. of musterd seed & nigella. ana. ʒ.j. of Euphorbium & Castoreum. ana. ℈.j. of oleum costiuū. ℥.j.ss. of oile of pepper. ℥.j. of oile of euphorbium. ʒ.iij. with waxe & rosin sufficient make a cerote. Also you maie make a quilt thus. ℞. hysope, maiorame, S. Iohns worte, sage, rew, & bay leaues. ana. ʒ.ij. spike, [...]. mastick, castoreum & staechas. ana. ℈.ij. cloues, maces, & nutmeggs. ana. ℈.ss. red rose leaues dried M.ss. beat them all to powder, and make a quilt with them. [...]. Also a fomentacion may conueniently be made thus. ℞. Sage, rosemary, S. Iohns wort, cowslippes, hysope, maioram, betony, peniroyall & calamint of ech. M.ss. boile them in white wyne, and adde to the decoction of Castoreum. ʒ.ij. of floures of staechas, & lauender. ana. ʒ.j.ss. wherwith you may often bath the members affected, before you vse the aforsaid ointmēts or quilt. Moreouer you may set cupping glasses lightly without scarification to the mēbers affected, that they may draw thither bloud, & heat, and spirits: & if the members them selfes cannot aptly haue cupping glasses applyed to them: apply them at the least to the partes next adioyning. After cupping you may vse the aforesaid ointments & cerates, so that the members affected be first rubbed & chafed. And if the disease relent not by all these meanes (as Aetius doth counsell) you maie vse sinapismes or cauterizatiō by fier wher the originall of the affect is. Last of all a hot house or dry bath will profit much, or if they may cōueniently come to them naturall baths, [...] which spring from brimstone, alome, & salt, such as be the bathes in Germany called Badeniae, Feriuae, Cellenses, and ours in England at bath.Gofiatio. But it is good for them to vse before bathing to be caryed vp & downe in a wagon or horslitter. And this may suffise for the cure of the palsey, occupying on whole side. But if nether the braine, nor the beginning of the ridge bone be affected, but only some other parts of the marrow of the back, then you must search out that part of the back that is affected. And apply such remedies to it, as are before rehersed. And in like sorte if any particular senowe be affected, you must find out his originall wher he springeth, and ther applie the former medicines or ther like. Yet remember you must neuer alltogether neglect the braine, allthough it be not principally affected.Of palsey cō ming of cold. If the palsey be caused of extreme colde without humours abounding in the bodie, then the place affected being found out, and the medicines before rehersed being applyed vpon it, you shall cure it. But you maie not altogether neglect the braine, nor the member that is [Page 30] paraliticke, but vse to them such remedies as are afore taught. Bloud letting, purging, & all other euacuations may be omitted, only vse remedies to alter and strengthen the members. If the palsey be caused by an inflammation or Scirrhus of any parte,Cure of palsey comming of other causes. the same inflammation or hard swelling being cured, the resolution will be cured also. If any pinching or binding of the synowes cause resolution, the bond being remoued, the cure will soone ensue. If the spondills of the ridge or other bones being out of ioynt or broken do cause resolution, if the resolution be curable, it will be remedied by ther cure. Likewyse if palsey ensue a woūd or vlcer in the head, or back, or in any particular synowe: it will be cured by ther Cure, except it be altogether vncurable.

CAP. XXIII. Of Palsey in one member.

ALTHOVGH any expert man may easily gather out of the former Chap. the cure of resolutiō chaūcing in any particular member, yet least those that haue lesse skill, should stande in doubte in some causes, it shall not be superfluous to make discourse of certaine particular resolutions. There is an affect of the face called in Greeke Spasmus Cynicus, & in Latin Connulsio canina, or of some Torturae oris. Curatio. The Cure of this is like the cure of the palsey that is rehersed in the former Chapter. For both bloud letting if nothing be against it, and purging, and clisters, and lynimēts rehersed in the former Chapter be good for this. Furthermore for the particular cure of this disease you must let the patient bloud on the vaines vnder the tongue, & fasten cupping glasses to the shutting of the ioyntes and giue him Masticatoris made after this forme. ℞. seedes of stauisacre, masticke, the roote of pellitory. ana. ʒ.j. hysope, origan. ana. ʒ.j.ss. mustard seedes. ʒ.ij. pouder them and commixe them with turpintyne and waxe, and make trochiskes to chewe. Also it is good for the patient to looke often in a glasse, that he seeing the writhing of his face, may with all his power intend to amend it. Also to the grefe of the patient (that is) to the synowes that be sprong you must apply the medicines that are in the former Chaptre. Also this following is very good. ℞. Olibanum, masticke. ana. ℥.ij. l [...]gi aloes. ℥.j. cloues, galange, cynamon, zodoarie, nutmeggs, cubebibes. ana. ʒ.vj. mirrhe, aloes, labdanum, sarcocol castoreum. ana. ℥.ss. bay bearies, pyne nuttes. ana. ʒ.vj. Ireos, Aristolochiae rotunda dictamus cōsolide maioris. ana. ℥.j. gumme elemni, opoponacis, beniomen. ana. ℥.ij. the iuyce of camepitius, & the iuyce of coweslippes. ana. ℥.iiij. turpentine. ℥.j. pouderal that is to be poudred, and put all in a limbecke of glasse, and distill it with a softe fier. And that which cometh first wilbe like water which you shall keepe, the next wilbe thick like oyle which keep also, and with this oile annoint the place, & let him drinke of the water three or foure ounces at once with a litle wyne,Note. this is very excellent good. But you must note in this place that the cheeke is not troubled with the palsey which sheweth peruerse and ouerthwart but the other.Palsey of the tongue. When the tongue hath the palsey, the bodie being first purged, you must cut the vaines vnder it, and apply a cupping glasse to the chinne. Also let him vse Masticatoris, and collusions of mustard seedes and such like. Also let him not neglect exercyses of the tongue. And the necke and the hinder parte of the head let them be annointed with sharpe ointments and linements. Also the Phisition maie apply Cerates and sinapismes, & such like as before. When the bladder hath the palsey, sometime the vrine is withholden & sometime it goeth awaie against the patient his will. In this case you must apply remedies to the belly and to the priuities,Palsey of the bladder. oile of rewe, narde, spike, or oile in the which is sodden the roote of Eringium, rewe, comyn, or dill, or such like. All are very good: and you may well commixe with them butter, Castoreum, Galbanum, Opoponax. And ther can be no better remedy, then to put these things into the bladder by the yarde with a s [...]reng. First therfore if the patient cannot make water, you must get out the vrine by a fine pype made of siluer for that purpose called Cathetera. Afterward take those medicines, that are rehersed a litle before, and poure them into the bladder with a Serenge, this will do maruelous muche good. Also medicines prouoking vrine giuen in drink be good for it, and so is castoreum likewyse. [Page 31] Also plaisters made of laxatiue things are profitable therfore.Palsey of the yard. The palsey of the yard doth let and impedite the flowing of vrine, and sparme, and carnall copulation, therfor you must vse the same remedies which are rehersed for the palsey in the bladder: but priuatly you must apply to the loines, and to the iointes of the huckle bones things that will heat, and we must vse those medicines that haue power to erect the yard. And Castoreum may effectually be ministred, as well for this as for all other palseyes, the sicke must chiefly eschew meates and drinkes that do coole. By these examples you maie easily find, how to cure other members, that be paraliticke.

CAP. XXIIII. Of the falling sicknes. DE EPILEPSIA.

EPILEPSIA in Greeke (as Galen saith) is a conuulsion, drawing, and stretching of all the whole partes of the body, not continually, but that which chaunceth at sundrie times, with hurt of the mind and sense, it is so called bycause it attachethe both the sense and feeling of the head, & also of the mind.Morbus comitialis. The Latines call this disease, Morbus comitialis. Ther be .iij. differences in this sicknes or disease. The first is caused, when this sicknes cometh only of disease in the braine, as it chaunceth of grosse and clammy fleume,Causae. or sharpe choler doth 1 stoppe the passage of the spirite in the ventricles of the braine, if this euill cometh of a grosse humour, then the disease commeth sodainly, & it is soon gone again. Secondly it is caused 2 through euill affect in the mouth of the stomake, (that is) when the braine laboureth to driue awaie the vapours and humours that ascend vp to it from the stomake. Thirdly the 3 falling sicknes is caused, when as the patient feeleth a thing like vnto a cold ayer, comming from some member, and creeping vp to the braine, but this chaunceth very seeldome.Signa. Ther goeth before this euill an vnwyse state of the body and mind, saddenesse, forgetfullnes, troublesome dreames, ache of the head, and continuall fullnes in it, especially in anger, palenes of the face, inordinate mouing of the tongue, & many do byte it. Assone as this euill taketh them, the sicke fall downe, and they are plucked vp together, they snort, and sometime they crye out, many do tremble, and turn round about. But the peculiar signe of this disease is foming at the mouth. This disease chaunceth most to children. Galen saith, that if it taketh any parson after .25. yeares of age, he shall haue it till he dye. The perfume or smoke of Bitumen, or Lapis gagatis, or of Goates horn will declare and shew them that haue the Epilepsie. Also the lyuour of an he goate eaten, or the sauour of the lyuour sodden will do the same.Victus ratio. It is profitable for them that haue this disease to vse in their diet, things that will attenuate, cut, and deuide. Therfor let the ayer, in which the sicke remaineth in be hot and dry, specially if the euill be caused of fleume. He must eschew all flesh, except birdes that flye on mountaines: also he must auoid all kind of pulses, fishe, & wyne, especially if it be old and thick. Let his drinke be mulsa, or thinne ale: the eating of capers doth maruelously proffit. Excercyse and frictions are good: but rubbe the head after all the other members be rubbed. Let him not vse to much lechery: let him sleepe measurablely on nightes, and let him eschewe exceding sleeping on the day. He must abstaine from garlicke, oynions, musterd, & such like fumous things. He must eschew drinking straight after a bath.Cure of infantes If a child haue this disease you need not much to studie for remedies, for with a moderat diet oftentimes the disease endeth by the owne accord: you must appoinct a diet for the infant and the nourse. Therfore if the child be not yet weaned, let the nourse vse meates of good iuyce, and let her vse excercyse before meate, let her eschew carnall copulation, and let her vse for her diet things that be hot and dry, that therby the milke maie be hotter and thinner. Annoint the head of the infant continually with oile of dill and Ireos, putting to them the powders of Cypresse, Ireos, maiden heare, maioram & such like, but neuer washe the head with water whither it be hot or cold. Also giue the child clarified honie to licke. Also this Ecligma is praised of many.Ecligma. ℞. fine whyte sugar. ℥.ij. oyle of sweet almonds, as much as is sufficient to make it of the substaunce of a lohoch, and giue it to the child to licke. Also it is good to commixe with it [Page 32] miscle of the oke, and vnicorn. Also hang about the childes neck the roote of pionie being greene,Cure of yong folkes. for it helpeth maruelouslie. Moreouer they that fall into this disease after they be past childes age, you must annoint and make straight those members, which are writhed, & plucked out of order in them. Afterward you must open the mouth, putting a wedge betwen the teeth, and with a fether dipped in oile of Ireos prouoke vomit to bring out fleume. Also it is good to quicken the senses with odoramentes. Also pencedanum, or dogge fennell, rew, Bitumen, and iuice of silplinum. The matter continuing very sharply, put into ther mouth Castoreum, or laserpilium with oxymell. Also when they are raised, you must cast in a sharpe clister. They that beginn to recouer, (their strength being refreshed) purge them with Hiera Geleni, Cure of epilence in [...]id folkes. or some other conuenient medicine, and this the cure of a new & sharpe epilence. Therfor nowe we will treat, how to help that which is olde. The patient must drinke water long time, or very small ale, and that in the beginning of the cure, vnlesse any thing do forbid it. Let bloud in the vaine of the hamme, or the ring finger, and then .iij. or .iiij. daies after you must comforte the bodie, and it is good to minister preparatiues to extenuate, as syrupes of wormewood, of hisope, of stechados, oximell scilliticum, decoction of hisope, roote of piony and others rehersed before. Afterward purge with purgations (that is) with pilula cochia, pilula de agarico and such as purge fleume.A purging po [...]iō of stubium. Also I iudge stubium to be of great force in this kind being vsed as is declared before in the .xv. Chap. fol. 17. which doth mightely purge the superfluous humours from the head. And also I haue knowen this to helpe many, oile of excitore and with it annoint the hinder part of the head morning & euening warme. Furthermore make a twilt with .iij. sheetes of graie paper,Sacc [...]lus. & bast vpon it cotton woll, and let the patient weare it day and night .vj. daies. Then take two frying pannes, make them red hot, and hold one of them ouer his head, till it waxeth cold, then take the other and doe likewyse, do thus, till the patientes head be very hote. And if his griefe take him in thy presence, set the patient on his knees, and let his armes be holden crosse ouer his bodie as maie be, and let his head be thus warmed many daies together, and euery morning and euening let him take these things. The first daie of the pouder of the skull of a man burned, on dramme at once, and the next daie of the miscle of the oke, made in pouder. ʒ.j. & the third daie of the pouder of piony rootes. ʒ.j. and after those .iij. daies, take these pouders eche daie, till the patient be healed which wilbe in 40. daies. But if this euill be engendred of melancholie, then seeke medicines to purge it in the Chap. of Melancholia: but it is lawfull to take the barck of drie black hellebote, and beat it vnto fine pouder, & to minister one dramme at ones with mulsa, and a litle pepper to it, also you may make pilles thereof, and giue them. And when the sicke is purged inough, bring him to a bath, the third day fasten cupping glasses with scarification to the sides and shoulders, and then many daies after comfort the bodie, & again purge him with Hiera Galeni. Hiera Galeni. After that fasten cupping glasses to the nodle of the neck. The next daie apply to the head like a plaister, bread sodden in mulsa, adding to it bitter almondes brayed, or serpillum, or calamint, or mints, or rew, and do that .iij. daies. Then shaue the head, and annoint it with iuyce of pencedanum, infused in vineger, in which serpillum, or Ireos hath bene sodden. Then againe the bodie being refreshed purge the sicke only with three drammes of Hiera, after those things be done minister sternutaments, masticatories, and such things as do purge by the nose, then afterwardes if you thinck good minister a clister. At the last apply ointments, lynements, and emplaisters, which haue vertue to discusse and dryue away, wherof you maie find examples plenty in dyuers places.

CAP. XXV. Of the Crampe. DE CONVVLSIONE.

Spasmos. SPASMOS in Greeke, in Latin Conuulsio, in Englishe the Crampe, is a disease in the which the synowes are drawen, and pluckt vp against ones will. Ther be of 1 it three kindes or differēces. The first is called in Greeke [...], in Latin Distentio. It is when the neck remaineth altogether immoueable, and cannot be turned [Page 33] any waye, but must be holden right forthe. The second is called in Latin Tensio ad anteriora. 2 In this disease the head and the neck be drawen downe to the breast. The third is called in 3 latin Tēsio ad posteriora. Causae. In this disease the head is drawen down backward to the back & the shoulders. For the causes of this disease you must note that Hippocrates appointeth but only two (that is) fulnes and emptines of the sinewes in the body, and somtyme it commeth with byting or stinging of some venemous beaste. Yf that the crampe doth take one that is haild, or by and by assone as the disease commeth or not long after, then is the disease caused of fulnes, but when the conuulsion commeth after many sweates, vomittes, watchinges or drynes, then is it caused of emptines. The dyet of them that haue conuulsion,Victus ratio. which cō meth of fulnes must be hote and dry. But in them which haue the cōuulsion caused of emptines, the dyet must be moist. Therefor, the patient must be nourished with soupinges & fat brothes, and fleshe easie to digest, and that which nourisheth well. For there drinke let them vse wyne that is thinne and watery, which maye quickly be dispersed into all partes of the body, vnles a feuer be present: for then iuyce of ptisan is profitable or in steed of wyne minister decoction of Synamon. Also prouoke sleepe. Let them eschew exercises & all thinges that may empty the body: to be short, let his dyet be like vnto thers, which haue the feuer Ethicke. The cure of the crampe caussed of fulnes,Cures of fulnes. must straight beginne with letting of bloud, if no thing do prohibit it. It is meete to take away much bloud, but it may not be done all at once on heapes,Bloud [...]etting. but by little and little you must let bloud on the middle vaine on the arme. If after bloud letting it seemeth that the sicke may suffer it, wash the wombe with a sharpe clister. That parte which is drawen, must be stronglye kept togither,Cl [...]ster. and they must altogether eschewe inordinate mouinges▪ and the place must be chafed with oyles of rewe, or ireos, or some other such like, or they must be couered with woll dipped in the sayd oiles, or you must lay vpon it a broad bladder filled with oile. And if the conuulsion commeth of fleume, then the fleume must first be extenuat, and made thinne,The cramp comming of fleume. and be prepared that it maye be apt to be purged: then by and by minister a purgatiō to purge fleume. Also apply cupping glasses with scarification, for light ones hurte. Yf the legges haue the cramp apply it to the haunches, and to the latter knittings of the ioynts. Yf the handes be drawen, apply it to the backe and to the ioyntes of the shoulders.Capi [...]is pr [...]gatis. Moreouer the head must be purged with Masticator [...]es, gargarizes, and such lyke medicines. Time proceeding, it is good to bath him, and therfor euerie day twyse or thrise let him discend into water of brimestone or alome, or salt water, but let him not tarie in them, lest strength fayle him: or if ther can not be vsing of naturall bathes, it is lawfull to vse a hote house, or dry bathe,Ba [...]ne [...]. or water wherin is sodden laurell leaues, sothernwood, peniroyall, wormwood, rewe, sage, S. Iohnsworte, maiorā & betony, & the places that ar drawē ought to be couered with skinnes of wolues or foxes: also apply the ointments which ar rehersed in the cure of the palsey of the vsing of cold things, but minister often hote medecines, such as be Theriaca and mithridatios, & such as be hote. But the surest and best of all other is the infusion of Castoreum ministred the quantity of one dramm, truly not only the drinking of it but also the annointing of it outwardly is good.The cramp cō ming of emptines and drynes Moreouer the conuulsion which commeth of emptines and drynes is such an euill disease, as it is almost vncurable. Those which ar so drawen, you must nourish with hote oyle or hidraleū. Also it is good to bring him to a bathe, and soft frictions wich oyle is good, and all ther whole cure must alwayes be lyke the cure of Ethicks. Yf the conuulsion chaunceth by the stroke of some venemous beast in the beginning of the cure: you must labour to drawe out the poyson, which you may do by making the wounde wyder,Cura ve [...]eni and by scarifiing the place round about, setting vpon it cupping glasses: also you must annoint it with leeke seed, braied with salt, or garlick, or oynions, and after the fall of the scurffe, you shall keepe the wound xl. or lx. daies from a scarre: to the which if it make much haste, you shall open the sore again with ashes of vrine or of figge tree: and it is good to annoint it with horehound or leaues of Anagallis. Also nourish the place with the decoction of the root of Sorrell. Also Theriaca infused in oile of roses, and laid to the wound is good, because it doth draw out & purge the poyson from the bottome. Therfore they erre much, which say that Theriaca, being outwardly applyed, doth driue the poyson inwards.

[Page 34]

CAP. XXVI. Of the Mare. DE INCVBONE.

EPHIALTES in Greeke, in latin Incubus and Incubo. It is a disease, where as one thinketh him selfe in the night to be oppressed with a great waight, and beleeueth that some thing commeth vpon him, and the pacient thinketh him selfe strangled in this disease.Causae. It is called in English the Mare. This vice is caused of excesse of drinking, and continuall rawnes of the stomake, from whence do ascend vapours grosse and cold, filling the ventricles of the brain, letting the faculties of the braine to be dispersed by the senewes.Signa. They that haue this disease can scarce moue, being astonied, and feeling in sleepe imagination of strangling, and as it were the holding of some thing, that doth violently inuade him. In this the voice is suppressed, some haue such vaine imagination, that they beleeue they heare the thing that doth oppresse them. At the last with much trouble the vapours being attenuate and driuen away, and the passage of the spirits being opened, the sicke is by and by raised. It is good to remedie this euill at the first: for if it continewe, it induceth and sheweth before some greuous disease,Victus ratio. as the Apoplexia, the falling sicknes, or madnesse. Let there dyet be thinne, and suche as will not engender wyndines. Let him vse no wyne but that which is mixed with water. Let him eschew sleeping in the daye, and let him not go to bed by and by after meat, and to be short, let his whole dyet be suche as is described and set downe for the falling sicknes.Curatio. For the cure if the whole body be full, you must begin with bloud letting, and you must cut the Coephalica vaine.Venae sectio. But if ill iuyce be gathered in the body, for the lacke of perfect digestion, then purge the body by purgations: and if fleume abound, you must first minister preparatiues to extenuate the fleume, and then purge it. The whole dody being purged, you must apply outward medicines, wherof you may find examples before. Blacke seades of piony doth chiefly helpe them, you may giue them fiftene seades brayed with water. And nourish the head with oile of Dill made hote, and couer the head with a Cappe, when they go to bedde. Minister within the body those thinges which strengthen the head, as Aromaticum rosatum, Diamoschu dulcis, Diamber, Dianthon, Phrisarcotion, and such other like.

CAP. XXVII. Of Madnes. DE INSANIA ET FVRORE.

MANIA in Greeke is a disease which the Latines do call Insania and furor. That is madnes and furiousnes. They that haue this disease be wood and vnruly like wild beastes. It differeth from the frenesie, because in that there is a feuer.Causae. But Mania commeth without a feuer. It is caused of much bloud, flowing vp to the braine, sometime the bloud is temperate, and sometime only the aboundance of it doth hurt, sometime of sharpe and hote cholericke humours, or of a hote distempure of the braine. There goeth before madnes debility of the head, tinckling of the eares,Signa. and shinings come before there eies, great watchings, thoughtes, and straunge thinges approch his mind, and heauines with trembling of the head. If time proceed, there is raised in them a rauenous appetite, and a readines to bodily lust, the eyes waxe hollow, and he do nether wincke nor becken. But madnes caused of bloud only, there followeth continuall laughing, there commeth before the sight (as the sicke thinketh) things to laugh at. But when choler is mixed with the bloud, then the pricking and feruent mouing in the braine maketh them irefull, mouing, angry and bold. But if the choler do waxe grosse and doth pricke and pull the brain and his other members, it make them wood, wild and furious, and therfore they are the worste to cure.Victus ratio. Let there diet be then, soupings liquide, making [Page 35] a good panch without fulnes, and such things as do engender no bloud, and you must forbid him altogether drinking of wine.Cure if it come of bloud only. Where this disease is caused of aboundance of bloud, you must begin the cure with letting of bloud, it is good to cut the vttermost vaine of the arme, or if that do not appeare, then cut the middle vaine. In weomen cut the vaine on the anckles, for that prouoketh menstrues,Bloud letting. you must draw out so much bloud as strength will suffer. Therefore in letting of bloud you must continually feele the pulses. [...]aternae medicine. Moreouer after the letting of bloud, nourish the head with oyles of roses and vineger, or iuyce of Poligonum, or oleum melinum, or vnguentum in frigdane Galeni. Then apply moist woll, wett in oile to the hinder part of the head. After bloud letting at night prouoke sleepe, for if after bloud letting, watching do still continue, the sicke will appeare to be more outragious. Therfore minister boldly with iuyce of ptisan Diacodion, or mingle it with water, for so sleepe is plēteously entised. And two dayes after that minister Trochiscies de hestear with Diacodion. Also oile of violettes with womans milke is good.Embrocha. Likewise an Embrocation made of dry violettes, water lillies, willowe leaues, and roses, leaues of lettuce, seed of poppy, and such like, and other medicines rehearsed in the chapter. Furthermore the belly must be made soluble with conuenient food and with clisters. These things being done, if there be need, you must draw bloud out of the middest of the forehead, set horseleaches round about the head, and especially the fore part of the head.Cure of it comming of choler mixed with bloud. For the cure of them which haue madnes caused of choler mixed with bloud, you must minister purgations of Hierapicra, and other medicines that will purge choler. The iuyce of Eleborus niger doth maruellous much profit in this grief, so that you minister but 10. or 12. gra. at once. But if they doate & refuse to drinke a purging medicine, then that you may the easilier deceaue them, cōmixe the purgation with there meates, or with fatt figges, or dates. Also the only roote of wild fennell helpeth them, and the seed dronke with water. The sicknes declining, bring the sicke into a bath,Balneum. and apply discussiue medicines to driue away that which remaineth. He that will haue more, let him seeke the chapiter following De Melancholia.

CAP. XXVIII. Of Melancholie. DE MELANCHOLIA.

MELANCHOLIE is an alienation of the mind troubling reason, and waxing foolish, so that one is almost beside him selfe. It commeth without a feuer, and is chiefly engendred of melancholie occupying the mind,Causae. and changing the temperature of it. It is caused thre kind of wayes: for sometime it is caused of the common vice of melancholie, bloud being in all the vaines of 1 the whole body which also hurteth the braine. But oftentimes only the bloud which is in the braine is altered, and the bloud in all the rest of the body is vnhurt, and that chaunceth 2 two wayes: for ether it is deriued from other places, and ascendeth vp thither, or els it is engendred in the braine it selfe. Also sometime it is engendred through inflammation, and euill affect about the stomake and sides: and therfore there be thre diuersities of melancholiousnes,3 according to the thre kinds of causes. The most common signes be fearfulnes,Signa. sadnes, hatred, and also they that be melancholious, haue straūge imaginations, for some think them selues brute beastes, and do counterfaite the voice and noise, some think themselues vessels of earth, or earthen pottes, and therfore they withdrawe themselues from them that they meet, least they should knocke together. Moreouer they desire death, and do verie often behight and determine to kill them selues, and some feare that they should be killed. Many of them do alwayes laugh, and many do weep, some thinck them selues inspired with the holie Ghost, and do prophecy vppon thinges to come. But these be the peculiar signes of them that haue melancholiousnes caused through cōsent of the whole body: for in them the state of the body is slender, black, rough and altogether melancholious caused naturally or through certaine thoughtes, or watchinges or eatinges of wicked meates, or through [Page 36] Emeroides, or suppression of menstruis. But they which haue melancholia caused of vice in the sides, they haue rawenes, and much windines, sharp belkinges, burninges, and greuousnes of the sides. Also the sides are plucked vpward, & many times are troubled with inflā matiō, especially about the beginning of the disease. Also there is costiuenes of the wombe, litle sleep, troublous and naughty dreames, sweaming of the head, and sound in the eares: Let his dyet be such, as doth not engender melancholie. Therefore let him tary in an ayer hote and moist,Victus ratio. and let them vse meates of good iuyce, that be moist and temperate, and let there bread be well baked & wrought, let there flesh be capons, hennes, partriches, fesantes, stony fishes and such like. Let the sicke vse wyne that is white, thinne, and not very old, and let them eschewe wyne that is thick and black, let there excercises be meane, let them ryde or walke by places pleasant and greene, [...]. or vse sailing on water. Also a bath of sweet water with a moist dyet let the sicke vse often as one of his remedies, sleep is wonderfull good for them, as also moderate carnall copulation. Let them be mery as much as may be, and heare musicall instruments and singing. But when the whole body abound with melancholike bloud,Vena sectio. it is best to begin the cure with letting of bloud, and you must cut the lyuer vaine on the arme. But when the melancholike bloud occupieth only the braine, the sicke needeth no bloud letting,Cure of it come of [...] they bloud. vnlesse there be very much bloud, and therfore let the sicke vse often bathinges, and moist dyet of good iuyce, which is without windines, and let them vse delectations of the mind, and let them be cured by these without any stronger remedies, but if the disease hath endured long, it requireth sundrie medicines that be strong. Therfore whether the melancholiousnes be caused through vice of the whole body (as is said, the bloud being first drawen out) or through the only euill affect of the braine, you must minister medicines that will purge downward.Purgatio. And a few dayes after purging and bloud letting, let the sicke drinck daylie in the morning this decoction. [...] ℞. floures of Borage, Buglosse, violettes, ana. M.j. great Raisons the stones picked out. ℥.j. hartes tongue. M.j. Fumetory. M.ss. Barck of the roote of Capers, Tamariscus. ana. ʒ.iij. rootes of fennell, percely, licotice. ana. ʒ.j. Time, Epithimum. ana. ʒ.ss. seeth all these in thre poundes of water, vntill the third part be consumed, then straine it, and make the iuyce of that decoction sweet with suger, and clarifie it with the white of Egges, and adde therto sirupe of fumitory, and Epithimum. ana. ℥.ij. and make a potion. After that sort at these dayes they minister sirupe of violettes, and Buglosse, putting to them the water of harts tongue, hoppes, endyue, and Borage. But seing it appeereth that the stomache cannot beare very much vsing of distilled waters, it is better to vse decoctions of the aforesaid herbes,P [...]io. commixed with sirupes after this sort. ℞. Syrupe of Borage. ℥.j. sirupe of Epithimum. ℥.ss. decoction of harts tongue, fumitory, and endyue. ℥.iij. commixe them all and make a potion. After this purge the body with consectio hamech & diasenae, pilula indae, pilulae lapide armenio, and such like. Also it is good to vse this purging decoction.Decoctu [...] purg [...]ns Melancholiam. ℞. flours of Borage, violettes, roses. ana. M.j. Raisons the stones picked out. Tamarindus. ana. ℥.j. Mirabolanes citrinae, nidos, emblicos, belliricos. ana. ℥.ss. leaues of sene, polipodie, ana. ʒ.vj. prunes damascene. numero .x. seeth them in iust quātitie of water vnto the third part: then straine it and make the iuyce of that decoction sweet with sugar, then minister. ℥.iiij. therof in the morning. If this do not sufficientlie purge, you may dissolue therin. ʒ.ij. of diasenae. Also the infusion of Epithimum is maruelously good, being made thus. ℞. Epithimum. ℥.ss. infuse it .24. houres in. ℥.iiij. of whay made of goates milke,Dilutum Epithi [...]i. then straine it & wring it hard and minister it in the morning. Also the infusion of the leaues of sene, is good which may be thus made. ℞. leaues of sene. ℥.ij. prunes damascene. in numero .xij. bray them and infuse them in whay of goates milke 24. houres, thē straine it & presse it, and let it be drunke in the morning.Puluis purgatorius. Also it is lawfull to vse this powder. ℞. Epithimum. ℥.ss. lapis armenius, agaricke. ana. ℥.ij. scamony preparate. ʒ.j. cloues in numero. 20. beat them all into powder, and minister euery weeke. ʒ.j. or. ʒ.j.ss. Also it is good to mollifie the belly with whay, but let it not be that which is strained out of chease: for that is better which is separate from the milke by some decoction, and let them vse it, vntill the belly begin to be soluble, you may commixe it with honie. Also it is good a few dayes after the purgation to vse clisters, and let them be such as this is.Clister. ℞. fumetory, hoppes, tyme. ana. M.j. Epithimum. M.ss. sene, polipody. ana. ʒ.vj. cartami. ℥.ss. seedes of Annise, fennell, ammeos, comyn. ana. ʒ.ij, seeth all in [Page 37] water vntill the third parte. Take of the Iuice of that decoction lb. 1. Casia fistularis newly drawen. ℥.j. diasena. ℥.ss. oiles of violettes and cāmomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. cōmon salt. ʒ.j.ss. cōmixe thē all and make a clister. Moreouer if the disease be caused throughe the stopping of Emeroides or menstruis, then we must minister medicines which will driue awaye the heauines of the mynde, restore strength, and engender gladdnesse, as is conserues of Borage, endyue, violettes, roses, anthos, laetificans Galeni Dianthon, and such like. Also by no meanes, you maye forgett the vsing of Bathes of swete water.Embrocha. Also you must applye strong Embrochae to moisten the head as this. ℞. mallowes, althae, vyolettes. ana. M.j.ss. cāmomill, staechados. ana. M.j. floures of water lillyes. M.ss. seades of lettuce. ʒ.j. seedes of scarioll. ʒ.j.ss. boile them all in iust quantity of water, and sprinckle the head being shauen with the Iuice of that decoction. After that sort it is good to vse vnctions of oiles, of violettes, water lillies, and such like. Last of all the sicke must labour that the false and wicked imaginacions, and great sadnes may be driuen away by all meanes that can be inuented.Cure if it co [...] of disease in the sides. But yf the greife be caused throughe disease in the sydes, they must continually vse to drincke decoction of penyroiall, not only before purgations, but also after them, and likewise decoction of centorye. Afterward also minister continually decoction of wormewood, [...] decoctam. for it is profitable to the stomake, and it letteth ingendring of wind in the belly, nor it doth not asswage the belly extremely, but it prouoketh vrine, and causeth good digestion, so that many be healed by this only remedie. Also you must minister these thinges that prouoke vrine, as anyse, dancus, Dia [...]tica. asarum, smirinon, the seed and roote of wild fennell, and germaunder, let the water of the decoction of these be ministred, and minister the powder of them strewed in drincke. Also it is good that the phisition loke to the cure of the sides. Therfore nourish them with decoction of rewe, dill, wormewood, penyroiall, seed of Agnus castus,, laurell bearies, sauerie,Fomenia. mugwort and such like. These do case paine and driue away inflammation, especially if they be sodden in oyle and applied to the greif like a plaister. Against windines in the stomake with pricking, nourish the stomake with comyn, penyroiall and vineger sodden together, [...] & make emplaisters of annyse seedes, apium, comyn, smirinum, and such like, sodden in oile, and suffer the plaister to ly still a good while aswell before meat as after it. And when the plaister is taken away, couer the sides largely with woll, or with a light lambes skin, the place being first annointed with oleum nardinum. Also you must apply cupping glasses lightly without scarification. To those with whome this disease hath taried long, [...]. purging by vomittes is a present remedie. But you may not vse strōg vomittes, for they be malicious to the stomake, and cause greif in the belly. Therfore prouoke vomit with hote water commixed with oximell. But if the sicke cannot vomit by this meanes, thē prouoke it by putting a fether or ther finger into the mouth.Vomitus. Also the only vomit made with Eleborus albus is good for thē being made after this sort. ℞. Eleborus albus. ʒ.j. cut in small peeces, and put them in a great radish roote, and after iij. dayes take out the Eleborus, and then stamp and wring out the iuyce of the radish, take of that iuyce. ʒ.vj. hote water. ℥.iiij. oximell. ℥.j. commixe them and minister it all at once to the sicke warme. This hath bene proued to be very qood. ℞. stibium, x. or xij. gra. made in fine powder and put the pouder into. 4. sponefull of muskedelle, or malmsey and let it stand .ij. dayes, and let it be shaked. 3. times on the day, and when you will minister it, poure it out softely, leauing the powder still in the bottome of the glasse, and giue but the very wine: which is an excellnet thing for this greif: ther be diuers other which I will omit till time more meete and conuenient.

CAP. XXIX. Of trembling and shaking. DE TREMORE.

TREMOR in latin, in English trembling or shaking, it is a disease which is accomplished with two sundry mouinges. One is while the member is cōstrained through heauines and greif to crepe downward. The other, is while the member is caried vpward from his naturall course and facultie.Causa. This euill is caused altogether through weaknes of the senowes, which doth plainely declare old age: but pryuatly it commeth of other causes, (that is) of very cold temperature of [Page 38] nature, cold drink taken out of time or season, specially in feuers. Moreouer the aboundāce of a cold grosse and clammy humour, and much vsing of wyne that is vnmixt and cleere, old age,Signa. and feare are causes therof. There need no signes to know nether the euill nor the causes of it, becaus it may be knowen partly by sight, and partly by the paci [...]nts wordes, and the state of the body.Victus ratio. Let the dyet be so ordained that it may be cleen contrary to the causes of the disease, and let his meat be such as will easily be distributed, first Brothes, then Birdes that flie, and tender fishes. Against aboundance of grosse and clammy humours, it is good to vse those things which haue power to deuide, extenuate, and cut, but he must wholy eschew all things, which do hurt the senowes, & cheifly the drinking of wyne that is vnmixt. He must drinck wine alaied with water,Curatio. or hidromell, or ale. For the cure they which do tremble or shake through some manifest errour, they must altogether abstaine from things that be hurtfull. They therfore that tremble through drinking of wine, vntill they be cleane deliuered of the disease, let them drinck in the meane while hidromell with the decoction of sage, and Betony. If the shaking come of cold and grosse humors, then minister the cure which is ascribed for the palsey and the cramp comming of fulnes: (letting of bloud only excepted). You must annoint the outward parts of the body with oiles that will heat, and couer it with soft woll. Then fasten cupping glasses without scarification from the first shutting of the iointes, [...]. which may be drawen to the outward part of the skin, and so therby humours may the easilier be discussed and driuen away. Also it is good for the sicke to drinck daylie fiue graines of pepper with. ℥.j.ss. of Mulsa. There be moreouer certaine other simple medicines, which being taken doth help trembling, (that is) Castoreum, roote of Althea, decoction of Egrimony,Simplices medicine. and the brain of an Hare. But what need many wordes, for the medicines & specially the ointments which are prescribed in the cure of the palsey are to be vsed as remedies against this disease.

CAP. XXX.

I THOVGHT it good in respect of the vvorthynes of the member, and the many fold diseases to the vvhich it is subiect, to subnecte the discours of the eye, vvith the remedies of the infirmities, vvhich by experience I haue found incident vnto it: And the multiplicitie of it is so great, that the treatise therof stretcheth beyond the boundes of other ordinary Chapiters. But (as I hope) the Reader vvill not account it as tedious, becaus of the pleasantnes and necessitie of the discours, though it be somevvhat long: for God hath as it vvere packed and bestovved an infinite varietie of maruels in one litle round subiect, vvhich if it be consumed and distributed into his partes, and according to the dignitie of euery one sufficiently treated of, (I suppose) it vvould fill a great volume, and require both an exquisite Philosopher to conceaue a right of it, and an excellent Orator, might seeme also necessary to lay abroad at length such secret and vvonder full notions. But the eye vvhich is vvont vvith curious inspection to prye into all other thinges, and to find out the nature and order of them, hath bene vnable to vnfolde his ovvn vvonderfull constitution, and hath bene alvvaye blind in iudging of it self, and inforeseing the discommodities vvhich attend vpon it, or in curing them vvhen they haue laid hold of it. For mine ovvn part I vvill not promise any absolute vvorke, but as learned Phisitians haue thought of it, and (as I my self haue by experience learned) so I vvill frame and fasshion my Treatise. An eye therfore is a member, round, vvhole and hard, as the Ball of a foote, as the scoured nevve Bason, full of cleare vvater, set in the vvell of the head to minister light to the body by the influence of the visible Spirits, sent from the phantasticall Cell by a senovve, that is called Neruus opticus, vvith the helpe of a [Page 39] greater light ministred from vvithout, and very fitly is the place, vvhere the eye is set, called the Well of the head, for the aboundance of vvatery humours and teares, vvhich often do issue out therof, sometime of sorovv and heauines of the hart, sometime of ioy and gladnes, and sometime of the aboundance of vvaterie humours caused of frigiditie and coldnes, and thus haue the Phisitians described the Eye: It shall not be vnnecessarie also to distribute it into his parts, & therfore (as Iohannicus saith) the eye hath seuen coates, vvhich they call Tunicae, four colours, and three humours. But his opinion cōcerning the tunicles by sundrie Anathomistes haue bene euicted, making but onlie six: yea and some ther be, that (svvaruing frō the most receaued opinion) haue made roume for a coniecture of their ovvne as they thinck by reason excluding all those ouercurious diuisions, (namelie, Iris, Cornea, Aranea, and Vuea, and the residue) and imagine but onlie tvvo coates, the one vvherof they terme Saluatrix, because it saueth and keepeth the humours and the second they terme discolorata (that is, hauing no colour) and they maintaine that in the eye it self there is no colour, but that vvhich is caused of the Christalline humour, vvhich if it be planted verie neare to the tunicles, then the eye seemeth of no colour, if it lye deepe vvithin, it deferreth three visible colours vnto the behoulder, and (as they say) the diuers placing of this Christalline humour begetteth the varietie of colours in sundrie eyes, vvhich gaue our Anathomistes matter to deuise their distributiōs, vvhile they referred the colour to the nature of the tunicle, vvhich (in deed) is to be imputed to the humours. For mine ovvne iudgement if it be lavvfull to iudge in so intricate a cause, (I thinke) I could very vvell maintaine, that the humours be the causers of the diuersitie of the colours, though our blind Anathomistes do impugne in their common bookes. But I haue taken vpon me, rather to cure the malady of the eye, then to define the nature of it, although this litle Praeludium vvill not seeme altogether vnnecessary.

CAP. XXXI. Of a Cataract.

A CATARACT is a corrupt water, congeled like a corde, ingendred of the humours of the eye, distempered betwixt the tunicles, and set before the sight of the eye and the Christalline humour.Four kindes of Cataractes curable. Of these maner of Cataractes be seuen diuers spices or kyndes, wherof four be curable, and three be vncurable. The first kind of the curable Cataract, is light, right, bright, like white chalke, or as Alabaster well polished, and it is caused by a stroke in the eye either with a sticke or a 1 stone, or any other outward violence. The second kynd is somewhat white, and much like 2 to a Caelestiall colour, and this procedeth from the stomache, and is commonly caused of vnholsome meates, and vnkind nourishment, wherof a grosse fumositie resolueth, and ascendeth vp into the brain, and from thence falleth downe into the eyes. The third kind is also whitish, but it turneth into the colour of ashes, and is cōmonly engendred of paine in the 3 head, as of the Mygrime, or such like diseases, and it is caused sometime of great sorrow and great heauines, whereof commeth immoderate weeping, and sometime of much cold and much watching, & such other like. The fourth spice is of a Cytrine colour, and is commonly engenderd of excessiue meat and drincke indigest, and also of great labour, and sometime 4 of the humour Melancholicke. These are the four curable kindes, but they be neuer healed till they be growen and cōfirmed, and the signe or token of their full perfection is, when the patient seeth right nought, vnlesse it be the brightnes of the Sunne by day light, or the light of the Moone by night. Many ignorant persons, nether knowing the cause, nor the properties of these maner of cataractes, haue assayed to cure them with purgations, powders, and plaisters, but they haue bene deceiued: for nether inward medicines, nor outward remedies can any whit preuaile, vnlesse you ioyne to them Artem acuariam, the Art of the Nedle: [Page 40] which, because it is vnknowen to many of our practicioners, I will insert a discourse of it in this treatise. Neuerthelesse, before you vse the nedle, it is requisite that the braine should be purged with pilulae lerosolymi ana, which you shal make thus. ℞. Turbith. ℥.j. Aloes hepaticke. ʒ.ss. maces, quibibes, masticke, and saffron. ana. ʒ.j. and beat them to pouder altogether, and confect them with the iuyce of Roses, and make pilles thereof: and this purgation must be ministred the daye before you trye with the needle. And on the next daye, while the diseased party is fasting, about nyne of the clocke, cause him to sitte ouerthwarte a stoole in ryding fashion, and plante your selfe lykewise on the same stoole face to face against him, and bidde him, hold his sound eye closle shutte. Encourage him also, and exhort him to be patient, for the tractabilitie of him maketh much to the conuenient dispatche of your labour. Then with your left hand lifte vp the ouer eyelidde, and with your other hand putte in the needle made therfore, on the side furthest from the nose: and subtillie thirle the tunicle saluatrice, writhing alwayes your fingers too and froe, till you touch the corrupt water (which is the cataract) with the point of the needle; and thē begin by litle and litle to remoue that water from before the sight to the corner of the eye, and there keep it with the point of your needle,Cautio. the space of three minutes of an houre, and then remoue your needle easilie from it. And if it happen that it riseth vp againe, bring it backe the seconde time. But this caution you must be sure to haue, that when the needle hath touched the cataracte; you doe not writh it about with your fingers too and froe, till it be set in his place before named, but that you gentlie drawe it thither: and when you haue brought it thither, thirle the needle about, till it hath gathered the water about it, and then pull it out. (this done) Cause him to shutte his eye, and apply therto a plaister of flaxe and the white of an egge, and cause him to lye in his bedde nyne dayes together, remouing the plaister three times on the daye, and three times on the night without any other stirring of it. Prouided, that he lye in a verye darke place, and let his dyet be thinne, as rere egges and white bread. And if he be young and lustie, let his drinke be water, but if his body be weake, let him drinck wyne well lymphate. For truly much nourishment would preiudice our cure by ingendring much bloud in the eye, which is verie hurtfull nowe in the beginning of the healing it. (The nynth daye being passed let him ryse and washe his eye well with faier cold water, and he shall enioye his sight by the helpe of God, euen as he did before, although some one of the cataractes be fayrer healed then the other, as namelye the seconde kynde and the fourth kynde: but that which is caused by a strype, (thoughe the water be with more ease extracted) yet the eye neuer recouereth his clearnes of sight againe, because it is greatlye bruised and troubled by the force of the stroke. And the third kynde alsoe, thoughe it be soone restored to his olde perfection, yet it abydeth not long therein, vnlesse it be continued as well by good dyet, as alsoe by this electuarie, which is called Diaolibanum solarimitanum, which is thus confected. ℞. of cloues. ℥.ij. nutmegges of India, & saffron. ana. ʒ.j.ss. and of good Castoreum. ʒ.j. Let all these be beaten into pouder and searced, and confect that pouder with clarified honye, and let the patient receiue of this electuarie in the morning fasting the quantitie of a chestnutte, or walnutte, and at euening to bedward as muche. And let him vse digestiue nourishing meates, which ingender good bloud, but let him beware of beif and goates flesh, and Eeles, and rawe onyons, for they ar oftentimes vsed to rypen the cataract, which must be done before you striue with it. In winter, let the patient drincke hote wines, in the which let him infuse Sage and Rewe. Let him alsoe absteine from the companie of women, nether let him frequent common bathes, for euerie strong fume hurteth him greatlie. The aforesaid electuarie of Diaolibanum is good to drye teares. It auaileth alsoe against all maner of payne of the migrime which proceedeth of fleume. After this sorte are all the curable cataractes healed, (I meane) by the needle, which must be made of golde, siluer, or of cleane Spannishe lattine: for Iron, or Steele are britle and frangible. And if the cataracte should proue hard in drawing downe, the point might easilie breake, which, if it should abyde in the eye, it would in time consume the eye through aboundance of teares and greatnes of paine.

[Page 41]

CAP. XXXII. Of the three kindes of Cataractes vncurable.

THE first kynd of Cataracts vncurable the Phisitians call Gutta Serena, and the signe of the knowing therof is this, when the pupill of the eye is black and cleare, as though it had no spotte, and the eyes ar alwayes mouing, and they-liddes doe tremble as they were full of quicksiluer. This kynde of cataracte is caused of a corruption in the mothers wombe, and therefore they that haue them, are for the most part borne blinde, and therefore they bestowe their labour in vaine, that assay to cure them, for the Nerues opticke be oppilate and mortified, so that no medicines can preuaile, although many that haue this kinde, do see the light of the Sunne, and the stature of a man euen to their liues end: we call it Gutta serena, because it is engendred of a water that falleth from the braine, of the which truly one litle droppe corrupteth and dissolueth all the humours of the eyes, and stoppeth the hollow neruies and senowes, so that the visible spirites may no more passe through them. The second cataract incurable is that which appeareth in the eye of a greene colour, like water standing in watery places, not much moued, nor remoued: this is the most daungerous kynde of all, if ther be any degrees in them, and it is procured by the ouermuch coldnes of the braine, and with great buffeting and beating about the head, with great fasting, and such other like. The third vncurable Cataract is, when the pupill of the eye is dilated and spread so farre, that no circles may be seene within the tunicles of the eyes, and the eye seemeth all blacke, or els all white. And thus are the three kyndes of Cataractes vncurable distinguished and knowen: which will forbidde the practicioners to deale with them.

CAP. XXXIII. Of diseases which chaunce to the eyes, by bloud, choler, fleume, or melancholy, and of their cures.

NOW after the descriptions of Cataracts, and the number of them which be curable, and which be not, and the curing, and knowledge of the curable and the causes of the vncurable, I will speake of other maladies of the eyes caused and occasioned of the four humours, as bloud, fleume, choler, & melancoly. But first I will treate of bloud, through the aboundance whereof oftētimes there groweth a rednes in the eye, with great burning, and after ward it turneth to great ytche: & this disease maketh the heare of the eyeliddes to fall away and of many it leaueth not one hear, and if this maladie be not cured within one yere, it will make the eyeliddes to turne vp, and make the patient bleareyed. But before it commeth to that extremitie, it may be cured by this colliry, which they call Collirium Ierosolymitanum, which is made in this wise. ℞. Tu [...]ty of Alexander. ℥.j. and beate it into small pouder, & temper it well with two poundes of white wyne, (that is) a quart, and put therto. ℥.j. of dry roses, and boile it with a soking fire, till the wyne be half wasted, and then clense it through a linnen cloth, and keepe it in a viall glasse, and morning and euening put some of it into the eye, and if it be takē betimes, the patient shalbe cured within a weeke or two at the most. Neuerthelesse before you apply this colliry, it shalbe good, if the patient be yong, to let him bloud on the veyne, that is on the middest of the forhead, or, if he be aged, to purge his brain with these pilles. ℞. of the best aloes, red Sanders, Esula, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.ss. Turbith, Cataputia minor and Agaricke. ana. ʒ.ij. confect them with the iuyce of mugworte, and minister to the patient according to his strength. And truly these pilles are not only good for the ytche of the eyes, but alsoe for all maner of ytche or scabbe, of what humour soeuer it be caused. There be other diseases alsoe of the eye engendred of bloud, as the ophthalmy and pannicles; And these kyndes of infirmities are tyed to the season of the year, [Page 42] for they commonly happen about the end of August, and so foorth to the end of September and the rather then, because they proceed of the eating of the varietie of fruictes. The Ophthalmy is thus described: An Ophthalmy is a corrupt bloud ingendred of hote humours, and commonly, it standeth and appeareth in the white of the eyes, and round about the tunicles and blaknes of the eye, and it procedeth of immoderat sorrow & burning, and of aboū dāce of teares, which causeth the eyes to swell and make them so bolne, that from that time, forth the patient may take no rest nor sleepe, for euer it seemeth to him, that his eyes are full of grauell, or of thornes, or of smoke. In this kind of infirmitie it is good to vse this powder, which many, (in respect of the notable vertue therof) do call Puluis benedictus, which is thus made. ℞. white sarcocall, and beate it to verie fine pouder, and fill the patientes eye with it, and lett him ly with it wide open till the pouder be consumed, and in the meane time make a plaister of flexenherdes, and wash it well in cold water, which (when you haue dreined out in your hand) lay it on the patient his eye, which he shall still kepe open, and it will procure him to take his rest verie well. Many ignorant practicioners, while they haue endeuoured to cure this infirmitie with many impertinent medicines, haue added sorrow to sorrow, and haue brought the eye without his liddes, & so made it vncurable, which by the aforsaid pouder might easilie haue bene healed. And note that there be som which by the occasion of the Ophthalmy are greatly troubled in their eyes, and haue them fumous & mistie, which proceedeth of euill keeping, or becaus they eate contrarie meates. Nowe if suche happen, the braine must be purged with these pilles. ℞. polipody, Esulae, Mirabolani citrini, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.j. masticke Quybibes, Saffron, Spiknard, nux Indiae, Cynamon. ana. ʒ.j. Confect them with milke or iuice of Quinces, and minister to the sicke according to his strength, and after this purgatiō giue him morning & euening of the Electuarie of Diaolibanum solarimitanum as before. And morouer put into his eye a pouder called Puluis Nabetis, the making wherof, we will shew in the cure of the third Pannicle; But this must be done only in the morning & euening, put in his eye the pouder called Puluis Alexandrius as before, and this do till the patient hath recouered his health, keeping him in the meane time from hurtfull meates.

CAP. XXXIIII. Of Pannicles.

THE pannicles haue the same cause that the Ophthalmy hath, (that is to say) superfluitie of bloud.Causae Sometime they are engendred of euill keeping, and sometime by great paines in the head, as the Migrime, where the extremitie of paine ascending into the temples and so into the browes, maketh the vaines to beate,There be four kindes of p [...]nnicles. by which painfull beating the eyes are troubled. There are four kind of pannacles: the first is, when vpon the tunicle saluatrice there 1 groweth a litle pearle, like the seede or graine of a corne called in latin millium. The second 2 is when it appeareth in the aforesaid tunicle in the likenes of a spot or freckle of the face, or 3 like the scale of a fish. The third appeareth on the one side of the eye, like as it were a flake 4 of snowe when it snoweth. The fourth is, when all the eye appeareth white, and then no blaknes, nether of the tunicle, nether of the light appeareth. The first pannicle is nether cured with laxatiues, nor pouders, nor colliries, nor electuaries, nor yet with cauteries, for any of these (if they be ministred) do annoy rather then help: But you shall make this precious ointment for the cure of it, which of many practicioners is proued to be of great credit. ℞. fourtie tender Crops of the Bramble, and stampe them small, and a good handfull of Rewe, pouder of Alabaster. lb.ss. pouder of fennell seede. ℥.ss. oile of Roses. lb.j. all these incorporate wel together, put into a new earthē pot with a quart of new white wyne, & to all these put. ℥.iiij. of dry floures of cammomill, and of waxe. ℥.j. and then set the pot on the fire and let it boile with an easie fire, till the wyne be consumed, so far forth that it seemeth to frye in & then put therto the whits of six egges, & all waies stirre it well, till it be incorporated together, and then strain it through a faier linnē cloth: with this oyntmēt thus made, annoint the tēples of the patiēt, and the forhead down to the browes, and it will cure this kind of pānicle. [Page 43] This ointment is not only tied, to this care, but it hath many vertues: som of the which, I wil expresse, though it be impertinent to this discourse. It is verie good against a greene wound for it both purgeth & clenseth it. It is good against the tooth ache or paine in the gummes, if the cheeke be annointed therwith. It is good against the paine in the matrice, if it be eaten like an electuarie. It is good for them also who are molested in excesse, if their stomach be annointed, and their feete together with their handes. It auaileth against the migrime, and generally for euerie paine of the eyes, if the patient be annointed therwith vpon the temples as before. The second pannicle must be cured at the very beginning, for if it be incarnate and hardened vpon the tunicle, it may not by any subtilitie be remoued (the tunicle saued) and therfore it is not safe to aduenture to cure it, when by cōtinuance of time, it hath vnited it self with the saluatrice. But at the first you shall cure it thus: first make a cautery in the temples with a round cautery, (as shalbe shewed afterward whē I speak of cauteries) For fire dissolueth and consumeth the pannicle, and so keepeth it from vniting and incarnating with the tunicle, and maketh the eye fitte to be clarified with this medicine following. Whē the eye is cauterized, put into the eye some of the pouder called Puluis Nabetus (which I will teach afterward) and while he lieth with this pouder in his eye, take four crabbes, and rost them vnder the Embres very well, and then take them, and being pilled and cored, incorporate them with the white of an egge in maner of an ointment, and lay it vpon a cleane flexin herde, and bind it to the eye with a linnen band, and so renew this plaister morning & euening till you haue absolued your cure. Like as bloud begetteth many infirmities of the eye, as namely Ophthalmies and Pannicles:Maladies comming of fleume. So likewise many maladies are ingendred of fleume, but the most notable are four, the first is procured by ouer aboundance of teares, wherby the ouer eyeliddes are so softened and mollified, that within their growe heares, which pricke the ball of the eye continually, as though ther were Hogges bristles: which 1 heares then tho many bolde Chirurgians haue plucked out, and so for a time eased them: yet afterward (the heares being hardened with plucking out) do gall them farr worse then before, & so in the end the patiēt being destitute of any other aide, leeseth his sight, (the heares fretting and consuming the substance of his eye). But in deed the best way, which as yet experience hath found out to cure that malady is this: Take two needles of the length of the li [...]tle finger, and put a thread through the eyes of both of them, and bind them well together at both the endes, then with your fingers lift vp the ouer eyelidde, and with these needles take of the lether where these heares grow, that the patient may shut and open his eye, and let the needles hange, till they fall away together with the leather which was betweene them: which done, you shall put no medicine in the wound, for it will heale of itself: But if any pannicle be engendred in the eye by reason of the vehemēcie of the paine, it shalbe cured by Puluis Nabetus put into the eye twyse a day, till such time, as they be clarified & healed. And this pouder is made of Sugar Candy of Alexandria, which pouder is very auailable against many sicknesses of the eye. The second infirmitie which happeneth to the eye by 2 fleume, is when the eyes appeare troubled and full of veynes, so closed with a pannicle that the patēit cannot well see, nor discern any thing, & this siknes is called pannicū vitreū which is thus cured: first cause his head to be shauē, & thē cauterise him with a roūd cautery in the soft of his head, and with a long cautery in his tēples, (which so done,) put into his eyes the pouder of Cādy once in the day, til that he hath receaued again his full sight, and twise in the moneth purge him with the pilles called Pillulae Ierosolomitanae, and at his going to bed let him receiue of the electuarie called Diaolibanum solarimitanum till he be hole. The third infirmitie 3 caused by fleume is, when the eye appeareth carnous or fleshie, the which carnosity (if it be waxed hard by the space of a yeare or two) giueth place to no medicine. But in the beginning cauteries (in that maner that I prescribed them before) will heale it, so that after cauterizing you very warely cut away all the carnositie with a sharp Rasour, without offending the tunicle Saluatrice, which when you haue done, fill the eye full of pouder of Candy, and then cause the patient to shutte his eye, and then lay to it a plaister of flaxe of the white of an egge, and chaunge the plaister twise on the day xv dayes, and after xv dayes, make this plaister. ℞. a handfull of Cardus benedictus, & stampe it well, and mingle it with halfe the white of an egge, and so make a plaister with flexen herdes, & lay it vpon the eye, remouing [Page 44] it twise on the day, and after thre dayes leaue all plaisters, and let the patiently with his eye open, and euerie day in the morning put into his eye the pouder called Puluis benedictus, & at euening the pouder of Candy till he be perfectly hole: in the meane time let him absteine 4 from eales, onyons, Beyfe, and all such meates. The fourth maladie caused of fleume is, when the eye appeareth all bolne, and alwayes sheadeth teares, so that the patient may not open his eyes by reason of the heauines of the eyeliddes, for there is a fatnes on the ouer eye lidde, which troubleth the eye very much, and this disease is called the scab of the eye, and it proceedeth from superaboundāce of salt fleume, the cure of it is this: you shall first purge the stomach and braine of the patient with this receipt: ℞. Turbith of the best Aloës & rewbarbe. ana. ℥.j. then take of the iuyce of the roote of walwoorte. lb.j. and the aforsaid things being beaten and resolued in the said iuyce, let it stād all night, and in the morning clense it, and let the patient take therof a good quantitie, and the next day subtillie with your Rasour pare away the aforsaid fatnes, euen from the one lachrimall to the other, (which done) lay on a plaister of herdes & the white of an egge 9. dayes after (euery day chaunging the plaister twise,) and then let the patient ly with his eye open, and put into it of the Collirie called Collirium Alexandrinum, which is taught before in the cure of the third pannicle, and that wil heale it very well. I haue hard that women did rubbe away that fatnes with sugar, but it returned againe afterward, though for a time they were eased. There is an Electuarie, very auailable against these teares: which is thus made. ℞. Olibanum castoreum, Nutmegges, Nux Indi [...], Cloues, Quibbybes. ana. ℥.j. leaues of Laurell, Spickenard, Saffron, and Cardamomum ana. ʒ.ij. seades of dill, Smaladge, basilicon, Alysaunder, anyse, fennell, foure seades of henbane, white poppy, muske, and Champher. ana. ʒ.j. all these must be beaten together to pouder sauing the olibanum, which must be boiled with clarified hony till it be molten, & then poure it in to a faier large wodden platter together with the pouder before made, and incorporate them together by often stirring, and let it abide in the platter still, and when you will minister it, giue as much as a Chestnutte at the patientes going to bed. It destroieth the teares, together with the fleume, it warmeth the Braine, it driueth away the paine of the migrime, it openeth the eyes, relieueth the eyeliddes, & clarifieth the sight. It is good for them that haue the goute and the palsey, and for them that haue an impediment in their speache.

CAP. XXXV. Of the maladies in the eye proceeding of choler.

TWo kindes of greifs are incident to the eyes by choler: the first wherof is that which is caused by aboundance of choler in the stomach, from whēce ariseth a corrupt fumositie into the brain, which annoyeth the braine, and troubleth the visible spirits, so that the party thus affected, shall imagine an obiect planted betweene him and the light in maner of a darke shadowe. We cannot outwardly iudge of this malady, for it hath no euidēt marke either in the eye, or without the eye, but the cause of it abideth in the stomach, which must be taken away by an electuarie mitigatiue and apparatiue, which will aswage the paine, and open the oppilate nerues and senowes, where by the visible spirits may haue free passage: you shall make it thus: ℞. Rewbarbe, Esulae minoris, redd Saunders, mirabolani citrini. ana. ℥.iiij. the rootes fennell, spynache, bansci, persely, Apij Sicacellae, simory, and maiden heare. ana. M.j. polipody of the Oke. ℥.ij. boile all these rootes in faier water till half the water be wasted, and then clense it, and take the aforesaid spices well beaten, and put them into the aforesaid licour with two poundes of good Sugar, and make therof a Syrupe laxatiue. But you shall boyle it but litle the second time, for the spices will soone lose their vertue, & then clense it againe the second time, and let the patient take of this twise in the weeke. The second infirmitie arising of choler is, when ther appeareth before the tunicle as it were a thinne cloud in a cleare ayer, and this is brought by an euill diet, but it happeneth but to those that be cholericke. For the cure you shall take a Saphire, and breake it in a mortar, and keepe the pouder in a vessel of gold, and once in the day put of this pouder into the patients eye, & he shalbe hole in short time. The same effect hath the gall of a hare dried & beaten into pouder, and so put into the eye.

[Page 45]

CAP. XXXVI. Of the infirmities of the eye caused of Melancholy.

OF the humour of Melancholy be ingendred in sundry folkes many and diuers sicknesses by reason of the oppilation of the spirits visible, which commeth by the distemperature of the braine, which is disquieted by the aboundance of melancholy. In these diseases therfore it seemeth to the patient, that there are flies flieng in the ayer, and that there are three or four Moones, and three or four faces, when he beholdeth but one: but these infirmities happen most cōmonly to aged persons, which are melancholy, superfluitie of melanchoy dimming their eyesight. There must not therefore any medicine be put into the eye of the patient, but make this electuary mitigatiue and apparatiue, which will open the opilations of the nerues, which did before forclose the way to the visible spirits. The electuarie is thus confected. ℞. the iuyce of lyquorace, eyebright, sileris montani. ana. lb.ss. the seedes of Rew basilicon, Netles that cometh from beyond the Sea, or Cecilian, of fennell, of Alysaunder, of Apium, and of Caraway seed. ana. ℥.ij. masticke, Cloues, Nutmegges, Cynnamon, Quibybes, gummi, Almoundes, Cerache pomi gummorum Aragunton, and Saffron. ana. ℥.ss. kernelles of Quince Apples. ℥.j. all these must be beaten together into small pouder well searced, and then you must confect them with good Sugar, and make an electuarie of it, and of this let him receiue morning and euening, till he be healed. It auaileth also against that dimnes of the eyes which cometh by thought and of much heauines, and maketh them to see more cleerely, and of that effect it hath his name (that is) clarificatum oculorum. There is also an other infirmitie which cometh of melancholy, and that is, when the paine sodeinly ascendeth into the eyes, and greeueth so extremely, that it seemeth to the patient that his eyes would start out: they appeare also most commonly very bolne. Many which are troubled with this kynde of maladie, doe loose their sight altogether, & many (though ther be some which do see) notwithstanding but very feebly. But the seasonable applying of remedies preuenteth ether discomoditie. Afther this sort then, you shall encounter with this euill. You shall first purge the stomach and the braine with these pilles. ℞. Aloes mirabolani citrini, Turbith, Saunders citrine, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.ss. Scāmony, mirrhe, saffron, balsamum, masticke, lignum Alo [...]s, olibanum, white Agaricke, nux Indiae, Iuyce of lyquorace, seed of Apium, Lettuce, succory, basilicon. ana. ʒ.j. Beate all these to pouder, & confect them with the iuyce of Roses, and make pilles of them, and giue the patient after his power. The stomach and the brayne thus purged, lay vpon the eye this plaister. ℞. soure apples or crabbes, and rost them vnder the Embres till they be soft, then core them and pare them, and bruise them well in a mortar, and to four of them putte halfe the white of an egge, and so braye them together till they be well incorporate, and so lay them vpon flexen herds, and morning and euening applye it to the eye, and you shall find that it will doe him muche good: for it both asswageth the swelling, lesseneth the paine, refresheth the sight, and with all these fixeth also the eye in his place. There is another infirmitie also which proceedeth by the aboundance of melancholy, and that they call Vngula: for it is much like the Naile of a finger, sometime it breedeth in the corner of the eye to the earewarde, & so spreadeth ouer the eye, if it be not hindred and resisted betymes: sometime also it happeneth that another vngle ariseth in the other corner, and if they meete, it maketh the cure more vncertaine, yet by headfull skill & discretion it may be healed by the hand: Take therfore a twiche of siluer, and therwith lift vp subtellie the vngle from the tunicle, proceeding to the lachrimall wher it grewe, and there cut it away, and then lay the white of an egge and flexe vpon it .x. dayes together, remouing it twise on the day, and at the end of ten dayes wash his eye with hote water, and put into it Puluis Nabetus before named, till the eye be sufficientlie cleared. Let him absteine from such meates as do feed melancholy. It happeneth also sometime, that the superfluous aboundance of melancholy, seated in the braine, begetteth a drynes in the eye liddes, which afterward turneth to ytching and burning. But this disease is cured by letting the patient bloud vpon the middle veyne in the forehead, and after with vsing this collirye. ℞. fourty tender croppes of the Bramble, and stampe them small, then putte them in a newe earthen vessell together with a quarte of good white wyne, and so boyle them till the halfe [Page 46] be consumed, and then clense it, and preserue it in a glasse to your vse, and twise in the daye put some of it into your patientes eye, till it be hole. Of the like superfluitie of melancholy groweth somtime a corrupt humour without the eye vpon the lidde, which embolneth all the one side of the face with extreeme paine, but with no offence to the sight of the eye. The signes of this disease are these: it maketh the eyeliddes hard and red, and keepeth the eye so shutte, that the patient may not open it. For the cure of it, you shall take fine flower of old wheate, and yolkes of egges. ana. ℥.j. of saffron. ʒ.j. and stampe them well together with womans milke, till it be as an ointment, then make a plaister of it, and applye it, so that none enter into the eye. You may also vse this: ℞. a lilly roote and crabbes & rost them in the embres, till they be soft, then, taking away the core & the pilles of the crabbes, stampe them both of like quantitie with the whites of egges, and so vse it: On the steppe of the wound, where the sore was, lay this oyntment, that it maye drawe the fleshe together, so that no scarre maye appeare. ℞. Aloes, hennes greace, oyle of bitter Almondes, and white waxe, and incorporate them together into an oyntment and apply it. It is very good in all the diseases of the eyes, to annoynt the temples of the patient, and the forehead with vnguentum Alabastrum before named, for it asswageth the payne and helpeth the other medicines in their operation. It happeneth many times in this infirmitie that the patient his eyeliddes, for want of prouident skill do reuerse, which is a great blemishe. In this case you must subtellie with the Rasour deuide the eyelidde from the wound, and part them with a litle roule made of fine linnen clothe dipped in the white of an egge, which you shall lay betwixt the lidde and the sore .xv. dayes together, chaungeing it daylie, and then make the oyntment of hennes greace and white waxe, and lay of it vpon the roule, and it will consume the wound, so that there shall appeare no Cicatrice. The like cure you shall vse, when the reuersement of the eyeliddes is caused of superfluitie of bloud. Of the melancholike humour ther is also engendred in many men a sicknes, which groweth between the nose and the eye, and it appeareth like a peece of lung or light. It is grauelly, and auoideth out alwayes filth. This sore is called vulgalpus. For the cure of it, you shall only take a twiche, and lifte the sore vp subtelly, and with the point of a Rasour cutte vp the sore by the roote, and cauterize it with a hote yron, and vse the oyntment before rehearsed, which they call vnguentum subtile, that is hennes greace and white waxe, and annoynt the place with it, till it be hole.

CAP. XXXVII. Of diseases happening to the eye by outward causes, as by blowes, with stickes, staues, or stones.

THE only thing generallie, that you shall vse when the eye is smitten, is the white of an egge and flexen herdes to the which God hath giuen three especiall properties. The first is to asswage the paine. The seconde to purifie and cleere the sight. The third is to lette and keepe away all superfluous humours which otherwise would fall into the eye. You shall remoue it four times in the day, and twise in the night, by the space of xv. dayes together, annoynting in the meane time the temples of the patient with the ointment of Alabaster, which, as I told you before, was an adiuuant and aide to all medicines. Now after the xv. dayes be exspired, if you shall perceiue the tunicle saluatrice to be hurt and broken, you shall then take xij. streines of the newe laid egges of white hennes, and put them in a mortar, labouring them with the pestill, till they be vnited in maner of an oyntment, and so reserue it in a glasse, and twise in the day and once in the night put a litle of it into the eye, and it wil knit together, and make so nude againe the tunicle if it be broken or hurt: after this maner I haue cured many woundes in the eye which haue seemed dangerous, and vncurable to the ignorant beholder. But sometime it will happen, that through the force of the blowe, ther will growe a cataract, and then in the beginning the tunicle must be saued by this forenamed prescript, and the cataract must growe without let to his full perfection, and so be healed by the needle. Some vnskilfull practicioners vse to lay a plaister made of waxe and cōmyn to the eye, if it be smittē, [Page 47] and other some vse olibanum and woormewood, but both those and all such like hote oyntments are passing euill because they consume and wast the substance of the eye. It followeth now that I speak of watery eyes & of corrupt humours like teares, which the Phisitians call fistoles, to discerne betweene the fistula and the watery profluence of teares. You shall therfore vse this skill: Laye your▪ forefinger betweene the nose and the corner of the eye, and straining the place a litle, if it be a fistula, you shall see the mater of it runne out at the points of the eyeliddes; but if none appeare, then iudge it to be a watery humour. Manye boisterus fellowes, (seing the place of the issue of the fistula) haue vsed to cauterize it with a hote yron, thinking by that meanes to haue dryed vp the mater, which in deed they haue done, but they haue destroyed the sight, & deformed also the place. This therefore is the surest way or course that you can take, to cure the fistula. First purge the paciēt his stomak with Pilles of Ierusalem, & then with the point of a rasour you shall make a litle incision betwixt the nether eyelidde and the nose so discretely that the lidde be not touched: and this Incision shalbe throughout the skinne in long wyse, and into the same put in the grain of a fiche binding it on with a litle pillowe of linnē, & so let it lye till the next day: thē remoueing the fich, you shall in the hole wher it lay, put in a litle of som pouder Corrasiue. After the pouder is put in, lay a plaister of flexē herdes, & the white of an egge (the patiēt always shutting his eye for feare of the pouder) In the morning after, you shall applye nothing but clean swynes grece, till the mortified flesh be raised, & whē it is raised & remoued put in a peice of a spūge as much as the fich, in the hole which the pouder made, & it wil purge the drines of the woūd & whē you shall perceiue it throughly dried, leaue the spunge, & bind nothing to it els but fayer drye linte of linnen till the patient be hole. Now concerning the teares, they issue out of the eyeliddes both the vpper and the neither: but there is difference betweene the causes of ther issuing frō both places: for they which procead from the nether eye lidde, come from the hart, by reason of sorrowe, dread, or smart, or they be caused by som maner of violence but the teares which flowe out of the hole of the ouer eyelidde, procead from the brain by reason of corruption and aboundance of humours, and there course ceaseth not, vnlesse the mater be purged with electuaries and cauteries, as I haue shewed before.

CAP. XXXVIII. Of diseases which come by skipping in of stones or chippes by chaunce into the eyes.

THESE diseases happen especiallie vnto Masons, Millers, Carpenters, Wrightes and Smythes: for if any chyue, chippe or dust skippe into the eye, and through negligence be left behinde, it will incarnate vpon the tunicle saluatrice, and then can you not cure the eye, but by remouing and drawing the said chiue, which you shall do with your needle, deuiding it cunningly from the tunicle. And if it happeneth that there be any pitte in the place, where it lay, by reason that it abode long time therin: then put into the eye the streyns of egges, ordered, as I declared before, twise in the day and once in the night, and vpon the eye lay a plaister of flexe, and the white of an egge, and within thre dayes it will heale the party diseased. And after this sort you shall also remoue the hawe in the eye. But you shall in drawing out the hawe, binde two needles fast together at the toppe, and so take the hawe betweene the two pointes, and so easilie rewling the needles, bring it away. Sometime it happeneth that the eye is stung with the Bea or waspe, or some other venymous thing, or blasted with an infected ayer: and if any of these happen, the eye is much disquieted and grieued, so that the patient may take no rest, and it bolneth vp that he may not see. The only cure for suche & the like accidentes is this, as I haue by experience often tried. Take a handfull of Cardus benedictus, and stampe it small, and temper it well with half the white of an egge, & therwith make a plaister laying it on flexen herdes, binding it hard to the eye, where it shall lye till it be dryed, and then applye another: and so consequentlie vse it till your patient be throughly hole. These qualities this herbe hath: it asswageth swelling, and easeth the paine, destroyeth the venyme, and putteth away bloud from the eyes. This is also a present remedy for the eyes that are [Page 48] bloudshed, when they burne as though there were grauell in them. And thus much for the especiall discourses of sundry diseases, which do most commonly bend to that litle member, the eye, together with their particular cures.

CAP. XXXIX. Of paine in the eares. DE AVRIƲM DOLORE.

PAINE in the eares is caused to some through cold takē in iourneying by cold wyndes.C [...]sae. Also sometime it is caused of cold bathes and medicinable waters. Also it chaunceth to many through hote distempure. Sometime of inflammation. And like as inflammation by stretching out the partes that be inflamed, engendreth payne: Euen so a windy vapour, or a humour grosse and clammy, for lacke of passage causeth paine. Also humours that be byting, and like whay and matter, do cause payne in the eares: Payne in the eares caused of cold, is soon knowen by the patients wordes, and because that there is continuallie great payne without heauines, or, distension,Signae. or burning. The paine which is caused of hote distempure is knowen, in that there is felt paine and heate without heauines of bolning. But if heauines, distension, and beating heate & paine be felt in the head, thē the pain in the eare is caused of inflāmation. Only distensiō without heauines declareth a windy vapour, which cannot find passage out. If ther be heauines in the head & the hearing: the pain is caused of grosse & clāmy humours. If the pain be caused only of cold,Cure of cold. it will soon be cured by hote remedies: that is, with oyle of rewe, laurell, Narde, Dill, lillies, of Euphorbium, and Spike. Also if you seeth rewe, and common oyle or pepper, or Castoreum, it is a good remedie. Also oyle in which Garlicke is sodden; or an onyon, dropped into the eares is maruellously good. There be some that doe cut out the core of a great oynion, thē they fill it with oyle, and they heate it meanly in hote embers, & poure it into the eares, when it is strongly strained. Also a very litle Euphorbium commixed with much old oyle,Of water. is much commended of Galene. Whatsoeuer you do minister, let it be ministred hote. But when some medicinable water is continued in the passage of hearing, you must continually poure in oyle that is very thinne that it may be washed: then wype it with soft woll, and againe poure in more. The white of an egge mitigateth the paine very much. Also womans milke. Also goose grease profiteth much, likewise foxes grease. But to drawe out plenty of water, nothing is better then to sucke and drawe it out with a quill or hollowe pipe holden in the mouth.Of heat. When paine is caused of hote distempure, then oyle of Roses is maruellously good for the head, if it be dropped into the eare, and vinegre and oyle of Roses is good, or the white of an egge, or womans milke, or iuyce of nightshade, or this. ℞. oyle of Roses. ℥.j. Iuyce of nightshade. ʒ.ij. vinegre▪ of Roses. ʒ.j.ss. commix them. If the paine be caused of inflammation, or grosse and viscous humours, you must vse medicines which doe deuide and take away obstructions and stoppings: as be all bitter thinges which purge and clense without Erosion, as is yrisillirica, all kindes of Aristolochia, bitter Almoundes, the roote of [...]itisalba, Centory the lesse, polium, and Cynamon. Also oyle of Almoundes & other which doe purge, clense, wype, and vnstoppe the passages without greif. Therfore of those you may make medicines, and droppe thereof into the Eares. Among other also the iuyce of Leekes dropped into the eare warme is good, or iuyce of leekes mixed with hony. If that the payne be caused of inflammation, you must by and by let bloud on the Caephalica vaine, that is on the same side:Venae sectio. and with clisters you must pull backe the humours, that do flowe. Afterward you must droppe in oxyrhodinum warme, or gooses grease, or hennes grease with oyle of roses. But if the inflammation be vehement: then to cease paine droppe warme into the eare the white of an egge with womans milke. Also this medicine is good. ℞. Iuyce of seene greene. ʒ.ij. oyle of roses. ℥.ss. vineger. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them all and drop it into the sore eare. Apply those things outwardly which cease payne, and do digest the matter heaped together. If the inflammation be very vehement, it is necessary to vse those thinges which do astony the sense easily, and it is no small daunger, least that the senowe by which the vertue [Page 49] of hearing, is dispersed in the brain, be hurte thereby. But commixe a very litle Opium with womans milke, and the whyte of an egge. Also temper Opium with Castoreum: there must be of ech a like quantitie, or double as much Castoreum. The licour in which the aforesaid medicins ought to be tempered, being first finelie beaten, must be Sapa:Sapa· for it doth cease the pain much more then sweete wine. Sapa is newe wine sodden till it come to the third parte. Ther be some that commixe Opium with oile of roses, or violettes, after this sorte. ℞. Opij. ℈.j. oile of roses and violettes. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Also the Antidote Philonium dissolued in womans milke, and dropped in, is good. Without you must nourishe the eare continuallie with common oile, or with a hote foment, and you must dipp wooll in it, and put it into the eare: but in such wise that it may not touch the places that be troubled with inflammation. But when the pain waxeth old, and turneth to suppuration, and impostumacion, you shall droppe into the eare a medicine of the iuice of line seed only with oile of roses or chammomill mixed with it.

CAP. XXXIX. Of sound or noise in the Eares. DE SONITV AƲRIƲM.

NOYSE and tinckling in the eare,Causae. for the most parte is engendred of a windy vapour, or of grosse & clāmy humours. Also many times it is caused through an exquisite tardinesse of the sense of hearing. It is also caused through weakenes of the members, when as it chaunceth in the recouering of a disease, some humour is taken into the sinowes of the eares. Also it is caused of outward thingS, as of cold, heate, or a blow on the head.Signa. If the euill chaunce through outward causes, it is sone knowen by the patientes wordes: now because the noise commeth by litle and litle, or at one time, or suddainly on a heape, that is also conuenient to know the disease by. For if the soundinges doo come, and then rest for a certaine space;Of windy vap [...]ur [...] it is euident that a windie vapour is shut in, and can not get out, and so causeth sounding, & specially when the sicke hath eaten windie meates. But if such sound in the eares doe not come suddainlie but by litle and litle, and there is felt withall a heauines like a waight: then it declareth the euill to be caused of grosse and viscous humours.Of grosse [...]. Cure if it come of grosse humours or vapours. For the cure if the sound in the eares be caused of grosse and viscouse humours, or of vapours: in the beginning purg the head with Pilulae Cochiae and such like. But first minister before them potions and medicines which haue vertue to extenuat and deuide. Then you must vse masticatories and sternutamentes. Moreouer you must drop into the eares, oile of bitter almondes, or oile in which Castoreum is brayed. Also let the eare be enclined to the vapour of the water, in the which Stechas, wormewood, maioram, mintes, and origan hath bene sodden. Iuice of rewe,Sacculi. sodden in the rinde of a pomegranat is maruelous good. Also Sacculi made of betonie, stechados, chammomill, maioram, and other thinges a litle before rehersed ar verie good, if they be applied to the eare warme. If the sound in the eare be caused through sharpnesse of the sense of hearing, which is knowen, if when the patient is hungry it encreaseth,If it come of sharpnes of hearing. and when he is full the noise is lesse. Then you must vse those thinges which do astony the senses, but you must take good head thereof and therfore begin with the easiest, and if need be, proceed afterward to stronger. Oile of roses is only commended with a grain or two of Opium put to it. Galen in this case praiseth iuice of Mandragora and poppy. But if noise in the eares chaunce in feauers, there need no remedy for it, for commonly it goeth away straight. But if it remain after a disease or a paine in the head, then you must nourish the eares with decoction of wormwood, pouring in vinegre and oile of roses, or iuice of raddish, with oile of roses, or the best aloēs tempered with mulsa. And if this help it not, vse blacke helleboure braied with vinigre.

CAP XL. Of Deafnes, and slowe hearing. SVRDITAS, ET GRAVIS AVDITVS.

[Page 50] THE eare is so afflicted, that it causeth not only dulnes of hearing: but allso deafnes that one can hear nothing at all. Somtime deafnes beginneth at ons birth Also sometime it chaunceth after we be borne, which doeth chaunce, either through colericke humours steing vpward,Causae. or through crude and grosse humours stopping the hearing. If daefenes come of cholerike humours specially after feuers,Signae. then it is wont with suddain incursions to runne to the brain. Also the face and all the estate of the body will shewe a cholericke temperature. But if it come of grosse humours there is heauinesse of the head, and other tokens be present which shew flegmaticke humours. They which remain deafe from there birth, or also sone after they be born, being perfectlie deafe of a long time, are vncurable, neither doth anie of them euer speake. They that be not alltogither deafe,If of cholerik humours. If of grosse humours. yet, if it hath long continued, it is very hard to cure. Daefenes which is caused through cholericke humours steying vpward, is sone driuen away by medicines, purging choler. If the deafenesse be engendred of crude and grosse humours, this dul hearing is cured by bloudletting▪ or only by purgation of Hiera and Pilulae cochiae and other such like. But minister before Oximel, and other medicinnes that haue power to deuide grosse and clammy humours. The whole bodie being purged, you must drawe fleume out of the head by Masticatories, sternutaments, and Errhinis. Furthermore they must be dryed and by all meanes strenghned. Also he must vse a bath that floweth of it selfe or salt water. You must put into the eare medicins that deuide and cut grosse and viscous humours, wherof ther be many declared in the chapter against sound of the eares. But priuatly iuice of rew, with hony, or Castoreum with oile of dill is good. Also you must vse fomentes, and lean your eare vpon a quill or reede, hauing one end made fit for the eare, & the other for the hole in the couer of the pot being euerie where fast stopped. Let there be in the pot, wormewood, mintes, maioram, origan, stechas or such like sodden in water, that the vapour that commeth from thence, may passe into the course of hearing. Also this medicin dropped into the eare is good. ℞. oile or Castor. ℥.ss. comin seed. ʒ.ij. the pouder of Castoreum. ʒ.j. a great oynion, the core taken out, put in the pouders of Comin and Castor, and put in the oile, and wind it vp in wette papers, and put it in vnder the hote embres, & when it is rosted, strain it hard, & let it be dropped into the eare. Morouer the vapour of vinigre taken with a reed, as is taught before is maruelouslie good.Victus ratio. Let ther diet be alltogether thin, and meats of light digestion.

CAP. XLI. Of Jmpostumes breeding in the eares. DE PAROTIDIBVS.

PAROTIDES in greeke be inflamation which are wont to issue out in the kernelles, which be by the eares. It is caused of aboundaunt hote blood which is ether mixed with choler or fleume or melancholie.Causae And sometime it is caused of humors compact in the head, and sometime of the reste of the body by sicknesse, & specially by feauers. Parotides which are caused through fulnesse and plenty of hote bloud,Signa. they do engender most vehemēt paine. They which are caused of cholericke bloude, they seeme much like Erisipela, and they vexe the place that is diseased, with no greife. That which is caused of melancholie blood, they be not redde, nor they doe not vexe with vehement paine, but they be harde. They which be engendred of fleumatike bloude, in the swelling they be raised sharp vpward. Let ther diette be such in a maner, as is appointed in other inflammations.Victus ratio. Cura [...]io. The cure if age, and other thinges will suffer, it must be begonne by letting of blood: you must cut the Cephalica vaine on the same side. Furthermore we vse not in [...], as we doe in other inflammations, to apply in the beginning thinges that represse, but contrary wise thinges that doe draw. And if they be not in effect, fasten cupping glases, or apply continually fomentes. To mitigate the paine you must chose those thinges which haue heate with moderate moistnesse, mitigating and ceasing paine, meet to ripe, & digest, as is, decoctions made of wheat or barely, or the meale of lin seed with mulsa, or fenugrek, or althea, or cāmomill: for the same purpose annoint the place cōtinually [Page 51] with butter, putting to it the white of eggs. Also swines greace with butter melted, with a litle wax put to it, that it may be a soft Cerate, may be well applied.Cure of them that be meek. But in them that be meek, (that is) in gentle Parotides, in which there flowe not such plenty of humours that they cause vehement paine, nor ther is no heat of the humour, such are easily cured with fomentes of brine and plaisters, and medicinnes altogither discussiue, as is Diactrilon. If the parotides can not be dissolued, you must vse medicines to ripe, and bring the impostume to matter, as is, wheat meale with the decoction of figgs and oile. Also the medicine that is made of meale and flower and leauen. When the Parotides be riped, either cut the skinn with a knife, that the matter may be let out, or the botche may be broken with a sharp medicin, as that which is broken with garlicke, and such like, or to proue how to dissolue it by medicines which haue vertue to draw and extenuat, remouing it twise daily, and nourishing it vntill the paine be some what released, and the more part of the matter dissolued. And if there be hardnesse, that also must be mollified. Therefore you must make medicines that be of mixt qualities, so that you must commix drawing thinges with mollifiers, as is calues suet, goates suet, the marrow of a heart, bdellium styrax, ammoniacum, & such other like.

CAP. XLII. Of vlcers in the nose. DE OZAENIS.

OZAENAE in greek be vlcers in the nose that be deepe and rotten, ou of thet which is brethed an vnkind and stinking sauour. Through sharp and rotten humours which flow to the nosethrills, filthines is engendred,Causae. which if they be only sharpe, they engender vlcers hard to be cured, but yet they stink not much, Therefore the cure of these vlcers consist cheiflie in this, that in the beginning the head be dried and strenghned. Because vlcers come through the flowing of corrupt humours,Curatio. which flow out of the head to the noseterills: the whole head must be strenghned & dried, that no superfluities do flow from the nosethrills. You shall adde strenght to the head after this sort, first you must clippe the head, then straight you must lay on it thinges that do restrain & bind, as is oile of roses, alom, vnripe galles, willow leaues, vineger & such like: this must be continually laid and annointed on the head .ix. daies. When with those thinges the head is made strong, then go about to cure the nosethrills, that you may dry vp the matter, with medicines that be repulsiue and discussiue. Therefore those things that repell and driue back be thinges sharpe, and sower, which also are reckned with restrictiue thinges, discussiue things must be hote and dry of vertue. Therfore to cure Ozenae. you must drop in the iuice of calamint, or blow in the pouder thereof being dried with a quill, or droppe in hony into the nosethrills. A while after minister sternutamettes to bring out the scurfes,Ster [...]tamentioni. which will fall of in iij. or iiij. daies. When they ar fallen of, cure it with goose greace and butter, and oile of roses. The vlcers in the nosethrils may be annointed with iuice of a pomegarnet boiled in a brasen vessell vnto the half or a whole pomegarnet sodden in sweet wine braied and dropped in. Also this is good. ℞. dry alome. ʒ.j.ss. mirrhe. ʒ.j. the rinde of a pomegarnet, sumach salt gemme, safron, frankensense. ana. ʒ.ss. beat them and blow into the nose, of the pouder. Yf that after the vlcers ther remain paine,Vnguent [...]. vse this ointment. ℞. oile of roses, mirtelles. ana. ℥.j. burnt lead, litarge. ana. ℈.ij. Ceruse, bolearmeny. balaustium. ana. ℈.j. white waxe as much as is sufficient, and make an ointment & annoint the place.

CAP. XLIII. Of bleeding at the nose. DE SANGVINIS EX NARIBVS PROFLVƲIO.

FLuxe of bloud at the nose The causes be partlie outward,Causes Externae Internae Signae. Victus ratio. and partlie inuard Outward causes be falling from a heigh place, a stripe, vehement exercise and tarcing in the sunne. Inward causes is plenty of bloud or thinnes of the same. You may know if it come through plenty of bloud by heauy pain in the head much bloud in the face, and rednes of the eyes. Let the diet be such that it [Page 52] may coole and make thick, the blood, and the dyet must be thinne. Therfore let the ayer be cold, and the meate of good iuice, and easy to digest. If the blood be very hote, let the sick eate lettuse,Po [...]. endiue, peares, quynces, chickens rosted or boiled with veriuice. Let him drinck thick redde wine mixt with water, or water cold, or decoction of cinnamon, by which through out my book: I mean water, in which a li [...]le cynnamon is sodden: lest water through his coldnes might hurt a weake stomacke. Let the patient speak litle, and let eschew mouing, trouble of mynd & cheefly anger. Also it is good io haue the lower partes of the head, highest. For the cure you must take heed, that in bleeding at the nose, the lower partes lye highest,Curatio and the head downward. The cure must be begun with those remedyes, which turne the blood to other partes of the body. First therfore if the body be full, and age will suffer it, and if the sick be not resolued, you must cut the vaine in the arme right against the flowing of bloud at the nose. When you haue drawe out a litle then let it alone an hour then draw out some againe,Venae sectio. and afterward againe and againe, as the patientes strength will suffer it. Moreouer friction & rubbing of the inferior parts as the armes, hands, thighes, share, and feete. It is maruelously good to put the feete into warme water euer rubbing them vp and downe. Also strong bindinges of the extremities is to be acounted among the remedyes that pull back. Also great cupping glasses fastened to the sydes doe retain blood breaking out at the nose. [...] Yf the bloud flowe from the the right nosethrill, fasten the cuppinge glasse vpon the lyuer: Yf at the lefte nosethrille, vpon the splene. If the blood come from both the nosethrilles, fasten cupping glasses to both places. Also fasten them to the shoulders with scarification: Those bring done, minister both within the body & without, things which coole and restraine.Epithema. Outwardly apply to the forehead an Epithema of Iuice of plantaine, lettuce, sorell, sheperdes purse, knott grasse, or make it with the waters of thē distilled, A linnen cloth wett in cold vineger is maruelous good being applied to the forehead and neck again and again. Also nourish the forehead with spōges of cold water. Also it is good to vse this Epithema applied to the forehead and the liuer. ℞. water of roses, night shade, sorrel. ana. ℥.iij. pouders of Diabrion sautalon, [...] Epithem [...] ▪ diarrhodon abbatis. ana. ʒ.j. bolearmenie, yuory burnt, lapis hamatites. ana. ʒ.ss. commixe them all and make an Epithema. Also you must put into the nose,An [...] medicin [...] to stop b [...]ou [...] medycines to stoppe bloud, for the which this is very good. ℞. frankensence. ʒ.ij. aloes. ʒ.j. pouder them and mixe therwith the whyte of an egge vntill it be as thicke as honie, then commixe the sof [...]e heares of an hare, with it, and applie it to the nose. Also you may wryth a linnen clothe dipped, in the nosethriles. Also mintes braied, and put into the nosethrilles is thought to be verie good. Also a sponge wette in strong and sharpe vineger may be put into the nose that bleedeth. Also this medicine is good. ℞. egge shells. ʒ.ij. vnripe galls. ʒ.j. being braied put them in a writhed linnen cloth wett in water or vineger, and put it into the nosethrilles. Also it is good to stopp the eares strongly with linnen and waxe, and to hould in the mouth cold rayne water. Also iuice of the leaues of nettle, hauing linnen dip: into it, and put into the nose, stoppeth bleeding at the nose, also iuice of horsetayle, or the leaues brayed and applied, are good. The fleshe of snailes braied with vineger, ar with ther shells burnt and braied are good being applied to the forehead and nose with vineger. But aboue all, the bloud which commeth out at the patientes nose is good,Op [...]ima medicinae. if it be burned in an earthen pott and then beaten, take of it. ʒ.iij. bolearmoniacke. ℥.j. Camphore. ℈.j. with the white of an egge and a little vineger, make it thicke lyke hony, and laye it to the forehead, and put it into the nose. Necessity requiring it is lawfull to put to .ij. graines or .iij. nf opium. Asses dounge dryed & made in pouder is wonderfully good, and also hoggs doung hath the lyke property. Within the body minister those thinges which do coole and restraine, as be syrupes of roses, forrell & nympheae, Trochiskes of terra lemnia, de succiuo & such like medicines. Morouer if in the meane season any bloud flowe into the belly or other places of the body, if it be much & plenteous, you must auoyd it by medicines which will dissolue and bring forthe the clodder matter.

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CAP. XLIIII. Of distillation, reume, and hoarcenes DE DISTILLATIONE, GRAVEDINE, ET RAVCITATE.

CATARROS in greeke is called Distillatio in latyn, & in Englishe Reume.Distillatio. Grauedo. Raucedo. It is wheras an humour falleth downe to the mouth, and the iawes. Grauedo is when the humour falleth into the nose, and causeth the pose. Raucedo is when the humour chaunceth to distill to the sharpe arterye. The cause of flowing of the humour is the brayne the which through could,Causae. is brought to a could tempure, which chaunceth specially to them,Cold. which goe sodainly about in the could bareheaded. But through heate the brayne is warmed and stuffed▪ the coldnes of humours which be in the braine,Hea [...]. wringing hard lyke as a sponge dipped in water is wronge with ones hand. It causeth the flowing of humours to the lower partes. So oftentymes heate going about in the head dissoluing the humoures in the braine. engendreth distillation. Moreouer all thinges that replete the head without measure,Repletion of the head. doe cause flowing of humours into the inferiour partes. Also wyne immoderatly droncke, and hote bathes, rawe meate remaynyng in the stomacke, and vaporous thinges in the head.Signa. The signes of the fluxe of humours come of heate, then the head is hote, and a sharpe & thinne humour distilleth as well by the nose, as by the mouth, also the face and the nose is redd,Ca [...]or. and for the most parte ther followeth a feauer. Contrarywyse they that haue the fluxe caused of could, ther head and ther forehead is stretched out euery wheare, the passages which be in the bones called, Ethmoidea, are shutt vp, so that the voyce cannot passe downeward by the nosethrills. Also a flegmatike and thick humour distilleth out of the nose. Lett thē eschewe ayer that is very hote or very cold, especially from a hathe, and from Southe,Vict [...]s ratio. and north wyndes, and all thinges that can bynd or dissolue humours in the braine. Let him vse meates of good iuice, easy to be digested▪ let him eschewe those thinges that send plenty of vapours to the brayne, as be oynions, garlicke, mustard seede, raddishe, & very hote adoramentes. Moreouer they which haue the distillation must eate lesse at supper then at dinner. let ther drinke be aqua mulsa, or decoction of cynnamon or barley. let them eschewe sleeping in the day, and lying vpright in the night.Curatio. For cure when the head is vexed with a hote distempure, you must vse those remedyes, which are good for paine in the head engendred of such a cause. The most present remedy of the head is to sprinckle & poure vpon the head plenty of whote water: this is able ro dryue out the hote vapours engendred in the head. Moreouer such must take comfort of warme bathes, of sweet water. They which haue ther head vehemently hote and burning, and for that are troubled with continuall distillation, it is best for them, in sommer to be annointed with oile of roses. Yf a cold distempure vexe the head, it must be annointed with hote and thinne oiles, as oiles of Ireos, Rewe, and such lyke: Oyle of Ireos is not only vsed, as an oyntment, but dropped into the nose. Also other thinges that be applied, which are spoken of in the chapter against paine of the head caused of cold. If a hote humour distill from the head together with a feuer, and yf ther be fulnes of the bodye, you must let bloud out of the Caephalica vaine.Vene sectio. But it any iust cause be against yt, wash the belly with a clister, that yt may drawe the humours that doe abound in the head, downward▪ or minister a medycyne purging choler as is, pilulae aureae, alephanginae, azairet and such lyke. Also you must turne the humours from the head by frictions, ligaturs, aod fastening of cupping glasses to the shoulders. Minister within the body thinges that haue vertue to alter and quench the burning heate of choler, as is syrupe of violettes nympheae of poppye and ther conserues. Alsoe Embrocha and odoraments rehersed before in the cap. of headache may be applied. Also a plaister of terra lemniae or bole armoniack and iuice of plantaine, made & laide vpon the head being shauen.H [...]er frigidus. If it be a cold humour which distilleth, you shal empty with those things which purge fleume, For which purpose a strōg clister is good, which being done, you must drawe and turne away the humour from the head. Then when the humours be digested, purge the head with Masticatories gargarismes, [Page 54] and such like.Saccu [...]. Moreouer apply to the head Sacculi made thus. ℞. floures of cāmomill, melilote, be [...]onye, origan. ana. M.ss. cynnamon, cloues. ana. ʒ.j. maces. ʒ.j.ss. nuttmegs, ʒ.ij. galla moschatae. ʒ.j. pouder them all and put them in silke, and make a Sacculus, and lay it to the crowne of the head. It is very good also to annoynt the head with hote oyles, as is the oyles of Ireos dill, and Rewe. All thinges doe stopp distillation, which haue vertue to drye,To stopp distillation. specially nigella parched, and comyn burnt or parched, putt into a lynnen clothe and knit is a present remedy, if the patient do smell to it. For the same purpose it is good to minister suffuments, as is this. ℞. frankensence, masticke. ana. ʒ.j. wood of aloes. ℈.j.ss. cynamon, cloues. ana. ℈.ij. Gallae moschata. ʒ.j.ss. laurell leaues, yelowe saunders. ana. ʒ.j. muske ambre. ana .g.j. being braied commixe them with storax liquidae, as muche as suffiseth, and make trochiskes.Trokiskes of perfu [...]e. Wherof put one vpon coles. ℞. sage, maioram, rosemary. ana. ʒ.j. maces, cloues, cinamon. ana. ℈.ij. wood of aloes. ℈.j. frankensence. ʒ.j.ss. beate them all and commixe them, and make a grosse pouder to strewe vpon the coles. As for hoarcenes, it is cured almost with the same medycynes, that the coughe is.

CAP. XLV. Of pain in the teeth. DE DENTIVM DOLORE.

TOOTHACHE (as Galene sayth,) amongest other paines that are not mortall, is the most cruell and greuous of them all. It is caused sometyme of hote or cold distempure.Causae. Also many tymes through flowing of humours out of the head vnto the rootes of the teeth, which with ther sharpnes either doe gnaw about them, or els with their aboundance, they engender like greife in the teeth, as inflamacion is about fleshie partes, paine in the teeth without inflamacion of the gummes, sometym in the se [...]owe wherein the roots be planted. If the paine come through distempure of the bare quality,Signa. it will not be greuous. Hote distempure is knowen by the tempure of the whole body, because that likewise is hote. Also the face is redd, and the dyet vsed before was hote. Cold is knowen by the contrary iudgmentes. If the paine be caused of flowing of som humour aboundantly, then greauous pain is not only felt in the teeth but also in other partes, which it passeth by, A where humour engendreth vehement paine a cold humour more meeker.Victus ratio. Let the diet be such as may defend that the paine come not, and let it be such, as is not very hote nor cold. Also eschew all sharp, sower & viscous things. Also often vsing of milk doth maruelouslie hurt the teeth, labour diligentlie to purifie the teeth.Curatio. The meates must be of good iuice, and easie to digest. For the cure, if it come of cold it is good to wash the teeth with warme wyne. Let the cheekes be annointed outward with warme oiles of cammomill, rewe, ireos, and such like. Also to wash the mouth, seeth in vinigre,If it come of heat. origan, calamint, hysope, penyroyall, sauory, the root of veruaine and such like. If the teeth doth ake through heat, you must seeth in vinigre, purslaine, paretarie, singreene the lesse, and lycorice: But if the heat be intollerable, you must vse the seeds of lettuce, endiue, and poppie sodden in vinigre. Without you must annoint against the greife with cold oiles, of roses, water lillies, and such like. Moreouer if the pain be caused through flowing of humours,If of flowing [...] of humours. if age, time of the year, and other thinges will suffer it, and if the body be also full of bloud, it is good to cut the Cephalica vain or mediae on the same side, that ther greife is. That done cut the vain vnder the toung, or fasten cupping glasses to the shoulders. If one on lie corrupt humour doth abound, then vse conuenient medicines to purg that humour. For the same purpose clisters are very good. The whole body being emptied, you must minister those medicines that do represse and stoppe, as iuice of plaintain▪ roses, purcelain, both the endiues, either take the decoction of the aforsaid thinges, or ther waters distilled & mixed with a litle vinigre. It is onely good to wash the aking with hote sharp vinigre, with vnripe gales. or this. ℞. the root of hēban. ℥.j. pellitory. ℥.ss. staues acre. ʒ.ij. galingale. ʒ.ss. Cāphore ℈.ij. alome. ℥.j. hony. ℥.ij. let all be bruised, and boile all in viniger. lb.j. Rose water. ℥.vj washe the teeth with this e [...]h morning, and it will preserue the teeth, and keepe them from [Page 55] paine. But if it come of extreme cold, then vse specially this medciine. ℞. Pepper, pellitorie, melilote. ana. ʒ.j. staues acre. ʒ.ss. bruse them and put the pouder into a linnen cloth,If it come of cold. and lay it on the aking teeth, and keepe it there a quarter of an houre, and it will cease the pain. Also (as is said before) to wash the teeth with warme wine, is very good.

CAP. XLVI. Of teeth that be blacke and loose. DE DENTIBVS DENIGRATIS, LIVENTIBVSQVE ET MOLLIBƲS.

SOMETIME the teeth be swarte and black throughout there substance not vnlike a certain inflammation of the patientes, through flowing of vicious humours the teeth be lose, sometime through a stripe or fall,Causae. somtime through flowing of moistenes, which looseth the senowes and ligamentes, and maketh the teeth loose, or els gnawing, and weaknesse of the gummes in the which the teeth ar set, causeth them to be loose. The cure of vicious humoures must be begonne by purging.Curatio. Afterward if the teeth be swart or rustie: you must deuide the corrupt humours, which flow to the teeth with drying medicinnes, as is licium, frankensense, mintes, galls, mastick, mirrhe, nigella, and such like. Among many other this is very good. ℞. nigella, mirrhe, frankensense. ana. ℥.j. mastike, white pepper. ana. ℈.ij. pistolochiae. ℈.j. roch alome. ʒ.j. beat them into pouder, and rubb the teeth therwith: or commix them with venice Terebenthin and annoint them therwith. The corrupt humours being cōsumed, [...] vse dentrifices which haue vertue to scoure and dry, as this is. ℞. nitrum, roch alome, hartes horne burnt. ana. ʒ.j. [...]. ℈.j. the roote of trees illiricae, frankensense, dry mints. ana, ʒ.j.ss. comon salt burnt, pistolochi [...]. ana. ʒ.j. purnish [...] sepiae. ana. ʒ.j.ss. pepper, pellitorre, dry penyroiall. ana. ʒ.ss. beat them [...] scarce them all and with this pouder rubbe the teeth daily. For teeth that be loose, you may apply such medicines, as restrain and strenghten loose gummes, and fasten them. [...] Therefore collusions of the mouth of decoctions of restrictiue thinges doe perfitte, as is this. ℞. redd ros [...] [...] tes, plaintaine, ana. M.ss. the barkes of Cipresse nuttes. ʒ.j. seed of mirtells sum [...]che. ana. ʒ.ss. pomegranat rindes, galls. ana. ʒ.ij. accacia. ℈.ij. seeth them all in redde restrictiue wine, [...] & with that often washe the mouth. The mouth being washed it is laufull to vse this dentrisicium. ℞. Galles, the rindes of sweete pomgranates. ana. ʒ.j. balaus [...]um, sumache,Dentri [...]um mirhe. ana. ℈.j. red roses, sanguis draconis, calyculorum glandium. ana. ʒ.j. frankensense, hartes h [...]rn burnt ana. ʒ. [...].ss. pouder all, and scarce them, and rub the teeth therewith. or this is maruelouse good. ℞. Balaustium. nutmegges. ana. ʒ, iij., roch alome, ℥.j.ss. pouder them and mixe them with honie. ℥.ij.ss. and incorporate them well togither. and with this annoint the teeth twise or thrise in the day.

CAP XLVII. Of vlcers in the mouthe. DE APHTHIS.

THE vlcers which ar bredde, in the ouermost parte of the mouth and haue a certaine burning heat, in greek they ar called Apthae and of the barbarous sort alcola, Some be whitish, and some reddishe, and some blackish, [...]. and these be most perrilous of all other. They engender for the most parte in infants & sucking chilcren, when either the nurses milk is naught, or the child cannot well dgiest it. Also they chaunce sometime to them that be of perfect age, as well through great fluxe of vicious and corrupt humours to the mouth, as also through sharpnesse of those thinges that are eaten and dronken, The tokens ar easie,Signa. because they be knowē by sight and feeling if you touche it, the places will seeme hoter then they ought [Page 56] to be, and there is swelling. They which be redd, do shew bloud to haue the mastery. Yealownes signifieth bitter choler: whitnes, fleume: blaknes, melancholy. They which chāuce to children,Curatio infa [...] [...]. may easily be cured by those things that doe meanely restrayne. And you must giue them cheefly in ther meates, some quynces, and other sharpe thinges, peares, and mespilers, vidʒ. medlers or open arses. Sometime also you must commix with there meat some lettuce, endiue, and purslain. If there be inflammation of the vlcers, then take the iuice of purcelain, lettuce and nightshade, the pouder of alome, and wash the mouth with a fine cloth, or with a sering, & if the child cā take no meat, thē the nurse must vse the same kind of diet. Also the decoction of galles balaustium, saunders, Sumache, acacia, and such like, commixed with Roberibes or Diamoron applied,Cure of them that be of perfect age. as before is taught. In them that be of perfect age onely the nature of the bodie is to be considered, whether it be soft or moist, or hard or drie. For in hard and strong bodyes you must minister stronge medycines. In weake and soft bodyes, gentle medicines. For the dyet therfore in such ages, they must eschewe all things, that be sharpe and salte,Victus ratio. and that engender corrupt iuice. For the cure in fulnes of the body, yf nothing do let it,Curatio. first cut the Caephalica vaine, and then those vaines vnder the tounge. Yf the body be full of ill iuyce, you must minister a purgation against the corrupt humours. the body being purged, apply medicines which haue vertue to restrayne and stoppe. Moderate remedyes against vlcers be these, as sumache, roses, Balaustium dissolued in wyne or mulsa. But if the exulcerations begin to putrifie, this decoctiō is very profitable. ℞. fellerd leaues of sage, hysope, rewe, penyroiall, chamomill, wood bind, knottgrasse, bursapastria, bryer leaues. ana, M.ss. washe them cleene, and boile all in .ij.lb.ss. of good ale or beere, & put therin three or foure sponefull of hony, alome. ℥.ij. let it seeth to the consumption of halfe then strayn it, and wash the mouth ther with .4. or 5. tymes in a day. But if the vlcers be more running and gnawing, annoynt the place with vnguentum Aegiptiacum, mixt with mel rosarum or such lyke.

CAP. XLVIII. Of a stinking mouth. DE FOETORE ORIS.

Causae. THERE is greuous and stinking sauour of the mouth caused for the most parte through putrefaction of the gummes or teeth, or through meate sticking stil in the teeth. Many times it commeth through hote distempure of the skinne of the mouth: sometime also through corrupt and rotten humours, sticking in the mouth of the stomack: It chaunceth also manie times that exulceration of the mouth or lunges,Signa. doth hurt the breath of the mouth or lunges. If stinking of the mouth chaunce through putrefactinon either of the gumms, or teeth, or of meat sticking in the teeth: it is soone knowne either by sight or by the patients tale. If it be caused of a hote distempure of the mouth, then heat is felt in the mouth, and thirst troubleth him. If through vice of the stomak, then the breath of the mouth is more grieuous, and stinking before meat then after meate, vlcerations of the lunges are knowen by extenuacion of the body, and by coughing.Victus ratio. In the diet the patient must auoyd all things that doe readily engender corruption in the mouth or stomache, as is, milke, fishe, almost all fruites, marowe, fat, naughty water, and such lyke. Let the meats therfore which they vse, be of good iuice, and easie to digest: but they must vse meates rather roste then sodden: In the end of dinner and supper they may eate peares,Curatio. quinces, and such like, especially if the stincking sauour come from the mouth of the stomacke. Let thē eschewe sleeping by and by after meate. If stincke of the mouth come through corruption of the gummes or teeth, if ther be fulnes of the bodie: First drawe bloud out of the Caephalica vaine, and then fasten cupping glasses to the neck. But if the body be full of euill iuice, purge the humour that doth abound with a conuenient medicine: the bodie being purged, vse out ward medicines specially collutions and washings, which in this case seeme to be maruelouse good as this is. ℞. redd roses, plaintain, knotgrasse. ana. M.j.ss. galls, pomegarnet flours, cipresse nuttes. ana. ʒ.ij. rindes of pomegarnetes. [Page 57] ʒ.ss. roche alome. ℥.j. seeth these in iust quantity of water vnto the third part, and in the iuice of the decoction being strained, comixe mel rosarum, diacarion, .ana. ℥.ss. diamoron. ℥.iij. comixe them all and make a collution,Collu [...]io oris. with the which washe rhe gummes & the teeth euery morning, and euening. Also oftē washing with water mixed with viniger in the morning and by and by after meate, is good. If the stinck in the mouth be without exulceratiō, minister the roote of ireos steeped in old odoriferous wyne, & washe the teeth often withall. Also it is good to hould it in the mouth. Also mirrhe steeped in pure wyne minister to wash the teeth. Also it is very good to chewe pellitorie, Tamariscus and rewe. Likewise collution of vineger squilliticke, or decoction of sage, or only wyne. Also decoction of mintes in vineger and water helpeth, if the mouth be often washed with it. This causeth sweete breath,For sweet breath. and maketh the teethe white. ℞. white salt, pumises, origā. ana. ʒ.ij. root of Ireos. ʒ.j. flours of sqinnance. ʒ.ss. beat them all and commix them and rub the teeth therewith. If stink of the mouth come of a hote distempure cure it with contrary medicines. But if it come of a corrupt humour in the mouth of the stomack, it is healed by those things which do purge that humour. Those thinges mhich be conteined in the mouthe of the stomacke may well be brought out by a vomit. How you shall prouoke vomit, it is declared in many places befor.Vomitus. After this minister medicines which do strenghthen the stomacke, as is, Axomaticum rosaceum, Diambar, hydromalum, and such like medicines, which be good in all causes, as be cloues, Masticke, Mace, wood of Aloes, Cynamon, roses, all the Saunders, Nutmegges, Quibibes, Yreos, and other of that like sort.

THESE suffice. AND hovv many euills so euer ther be of the head, vvhose cure is not expresly named by mee in this booke: yet you may find out medicines to cure them by that vvhich is declared in this Booke.

Libri primi finis.

[Page 58]

The Second Booke.

CAP I. Against the inflammation of the Columella. DE COLVMELLAE INFLAMMATIONE.

THERE chaunceth in the throte many daungerous inflamacions (as Hippocrates wryteth in his Prognosticis) and first of this Columella appeareth a certaine fleshie peece, hanging in the vpper parte of the mouth. If one do gape wide, and hold doun his tong, it may be seen By old time it was called Gurgulio, Gurgulio now it is called Columella. It is often vexed with inflammations, which is caused through bloud, and other humours which discend out of the head. The disease may be knowen by sight.Signa. Also ther chaunceth in it, difficultie in swallowing paine, swelling, rednesse of the Columella, and a feauer. The diet in a manner must be such as is ordained in other inflammations,Victus ratio▪ and specially quietnes, reste, silence, and hunger are good, and to eat litle, or nothing at supper. For the cure, if there be fulnes of the bodie, you must begin with bloudletting,Curatio. Venae sectio. and first you must cut the Cephalica vaine in the arme, and afterward the vain vnder the toung. Also the belly must be purged by clisters, so that by that meanes not only the belly may be soluble, but also that the flowing of humours to the greife may be taken away. Also for the same purpose you may fasten cupping glastes to the shoulders.Cuturhi [...]ulae. Neither must we let passe the remedies which are good to represse and stopp fluxe of humours. For as they do in all other diseases caused of the fluxe of humours; so in this behalfe for there first remedie they stoppe the fluxe of humoures. Therefore such remedies must be of a restrictiue nature and facultie. If that the fluxe of humours be moderate, minister thinges which restraine moderatly, as these be which be called soure. But if it be more vehement, adde to it sharpe thinges, for both be restrictiue, but soure be weake, and sharpe thinges strong, as Galen doeth say in his fourth booke of the vertues of simple medicines. cap. 6. and 7. Therefore vse collutions made of those thinges, as if they should be moderate, seeth dates sometime in water alone, and sometime with a litle honie put to them. Likewise make decoctions of roses, wine buddes, brambles, cipresse, the first buddes of pomgarnet floures, siligna, rootes of mulbery, soure apples, and sorbus. Those be stronger then these, which be made of the decoction of mittells, and ther bearies. Also of sharpe quinces, and young buddes of oke, or the maste of oke, also of meddlers, and a fruite called Cornus. The best collutions ar made of galles, Sumach acatia, and the floures of both the pomgarnettes, & their shelles. Among compound medicines this doth helpe wonderfully.Gargarismus. ℞. the distilled waters of roses, plantaine, sorrell, prunella, solani. ana. ℥.ij. Diamoron succi medicati eribes. ana. ℥.ss. succi medicati ex exiochanta. ʒ.ij.ss. vineger wherin sumach is steeped. ℥.j. iuice of pomgarnettes. ℥.ss. comixe them togither, and with it wash the mouth Another of the same vertue.Alia. ℞. red roses, brambles. ana. M.j. pomegarnat floures and the shells, galls, maste of oke. ana. ʒ.iij. sumach, hipocischidis, acatia. ana. ʒ.ij. seedes of sorrell, & quinces. ana, ʒ.j. seeth them in. lb.j. of well water, vntill halfe remaine. the decoction being-strained, put to it of diamoron. ℥.j. succi medicati eribes, diacarion. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. vineger. ʒ.vj. cō mixe them all, and make a gargarisme. You must vse these medicines in the beginning of [Page 59] the disease, and especially when the greife hath not the greatest cause: nor whē the body of the sicke is much stopped with humours, nor when the aggreaued place is weake through the nature of the impostume. But if it chaunce so (as it doeth often in the beginning, and often somewhat aftter) that is, the third day: you must commixe some of the dicussiue medicines, as is line seeds, fenugreeke, mallowes, root of Ireos, & honie. Moreouer of what sort so euer the medicines be, minister them warme: for those that labour of inflammation, may suffer no cold. After the vigor of it, you may safelie minister discussiues, vnlesse the Columella begin to waxe harde: for them you must minister mollefiing medicines (that is) lineseed, fenugreeke, mallowes, Altheae tragaganthum, and such like, of the which you may make gargarismes. After that vse discussiues (as is) hisope, figs, licorice, decoct togither. If it drawe toward rotting, which may be perceued by his colour, and doth not breake alone by collutions of Mulsa, and Oximel scilliticum, then open it with some instrument. After the breaking and bursting out of the matter, let him vse medicines clensing, abstersiue and glutinatiue, especially the iuice of enpatorie, and such like.

CAP. II. Of a loose Columella DE LAXATA COLVMELLA.

OFtentimes it chaunceth that a loose Columella doth hang vpon the roots of the toūg & iaws. Of som it is called the viula Wherfor in the beginning you must vse such kind of cure, as the inflammation thereof requireth. In the begining the bodie and the head must be purged by medicines spoke [...] of in the former chapter. Which being done you must make collutions and gargarismes of such thinges as do restrain and drie: after this sort. ℞. redde roses, sorrell, enpatorie· ana. M.j. gallacum. ʒ.ij. Alome. ʒ.j. mirrhe, frankensense. ana. ʒ.ss. flaxe seed. ʒ.j.ss. seeth them in water, to the third parte,Gargarismus. and adde to the iuice of that decoction strained of good. ℥.ss. and make a gargarisme. Also pouders do profit being blowen in with an instrument for the purpose: as this is. ℞. drie roses, galls, roch alome. ana. ʒ.j.ss. pepper▪ ginger, ana. ʒ.ss. mirrhe. ʒ.j. bray it and searce it, and put it vp as before. Also take green nuttes and drie them, and date stones burned sufficientlie, take of ech of them equall portions, pouder them and vse them as the other. Also vnripe galles soliarmoniacke. ana. ʒ.j. do likewise. If the Columella must needes be cut, it is good to empty the belly first, lest the sicke be strangled. When the Columella is cut out, bow his head dounward, lest the bloud runne inward, And afterward wash his mouth with the decoction of sumach acatia galles, putting to it rosewater and vineger. Afterward minister thinges to heale it vp.

CAP III Of inflammacion of the tonsilles DE T0NSILLARVM INFLAMMATIONE.

TONSILLae be inflāmations of those thinges which lye betweene the mouth and the throte, some do call them Amigdalae, (that is) Almondes. Those tonsils oftentimes be inflamed: For their places be hote and moiste,Causae. They are most vexed with this euill, which haue aboundance of bloud, and children and infants which do suck, through drawing of the milke. Also it chaunceth often to men and weomen through drinking of strong wines, and through much greedie deuouring of meat, specially if they be eagre and sharpe.Signa. They that be so afflicted haue difficultie in swallowing, and paine, and also sometime a feauer. Therefore the inflammation beginning you must take away meat, and minister to him water to drinck,Victus ratio· or water wherin a litle Cinamon hath ben sodden, specially if there be a feauer. Let the whole diet be so ordered, as it [Page 60] it in other inflammations. Let his meates be soupinges, for otherwise he cannot swallowe it.Curatio. For the cure, if the inflammation be light, you must vse gargarismes, restrictiues, such as be taken in the beginning of an inflamed Columella. But you must beware in the beginning, that you put no hony to the gargarismes, for it hath a sharpnes in it. If that the inflammation be vehement, so that he be in perill of choking: you must cut the Caephalica vaine in the arme on the same side.Venesecti [...]. And if the belly be not soluble enough, cast in a clyster. You must prouoke childrens bellies by putting in a suppositary, and by annointing the tuel. After purging you must vse restrictiue medicines, vntill the vigour of the disease be ceased something. All these things (as we admonished before) must be ministred warm. Outwardly it is best to nourishe it with sponges, laid gently to it. Also lay to it plaisters made of barly meale, seeds of flaxe, fenugreke, and such like. The inflammation declining and waxing lesse: it is good to put in hony into your gargarismes, which in the beginning and increasing you may not do, least the sharpnes which is in it, do increase fluxe. Also at this time hotter gargarismes do profit. Outwardly you must put about the necke, soft woll dipped in oyle, and if that by vsing of sharpe collutions, or gargarismes, the inflammations be incresed, and byting and gnawing come therby: you must vse gentler, as is iuyce of ptisan: Also gargaryz warme milke. When the inflammation and paine ceaseth, annoint with the aforsaid remedies of the mouth, putting it in with your finger: so that by gētle annointing, the parts of the tonsilles which are swelled, may be thrusted, wherby they may put out the matter contained in them. But yet you may not thrust hard, as many vse to do, wherby they cause the inflammation to be augmented. And therfore if by that meanes any hurt do chaunce: we must be content with ministring gentle gargarismes without any annointing. If that by ministring the remedies aforesaid,Signes of suppuration. the greife be not eased, then looke for rotting of it, which you maye know by increasing of the inflammation, and by sharp exulcerations, exacerbations, and gnawinges in the euening when you looke for suppuration and rotting, you must help that it may quickly come to passe: therfore then you must minister hotter gargarismes, as is aqua mulsa, and decoction of figges, hysope, and seed of Althaea. Outwardly lay plaisters of barly meale and fengreeke, with decoction of figges, Althaea, and hony. When it is perfectly rotten, the payne will diminish, and the swelling and inflammation wilbe made softer, so that it will giue place to the finger. Then you must minister sharp collutions, that they may breake the botche. In meates he must take great gobbettes of bread steeped in water, and likewise his meate must be eaten in lumpes: for vehement rouling of it vp and downe about the tonsils will breake the botches, as well as if they were cut. But if the patient will not do it, then open it with some fine instrument for the purpose. And after it is broken, let the sicke bowe his head downeward, that the matter may the better runne out. And let him gargaryze aqua mulsa alone, and afterward commixe with it decoction of lintels and roses. And with these you must tary, vntill it be healed.

CAP. IIII. Of malignant vlcers of the tonsilles. DE SERPENTIBVS ET MALIGNIS TONSILLARƲM VLCERIBVS.

THERE beginne malignant vlcers of the tonsiles, sometime with a fluxe of them going before: sometime they are caused of an accustomed inflammation being augmented.Causae. They chaunce often to children, and also to them of perfect age, especially to those which aboūd with vicious humours. They chaūce to children after the Apthis in the mouth.Signa. In colour they be like to skurfes, which are burnt with yron. Alsoe there chaunceth to the sicke drynes in swallowing, and often choking, especially when rednes is vnder the chinne. If gnawing and sharpnes of humours hathe gone before, there followeth putrefaction. You must proceed in the cure speedely,Curatio. and if he be of perfect age, & no other thing forbidding it, it is good to cut the Caephalica [Page 61] veine in the arme, or if that appeare not, the middle veyne. If they be maydes, whome, at perfect age, for lacke of purgation of menstruis, this disease doth often infect: then in them you must cut the Saphena vaine, letting bloud but once only, and yet at that time, not till the hart faile, least after it, vertue be destroyed by ouer much fluxe of menstruis. Furthermore the belly must be emptied by clysters, suppositaries, and by annointing of the tuell. And you must labour by all meanes to turne the humour from the aggreiued place: for the which purpose fasten cupping glasses nigh to the loynes, and vse to bind the extremities as the handes and feete. Afterward it is good to vse gargarismes, declared before in the chapter of Columella, and in the chapter following. After the beginning of the sicknes, minister Diamoron, or a collution mixed with Mulsa, then also decoction of Ireos, and other thinges rehearsed in the abouesaid places. We must take heed, that we touch not the vlcerate tonsils with our finger, not so much as to touch it softly. For the vnskilfull, to whome with great error men do seeke in doubtfull matters: they do annoy it vehemently, also they doe thrust the aggreiued place, & pull alway the scabbe or roue, which they ought not to do, before they see the rooue lifted vp, and scarce cleauing to the sore. For if we intend to pull away the scabbe, whils it sticketh fast, the vlceration will pearce more deep, and inflammation will followe, and the paine will increase, and they will come to venemous vlcers. Therfore it is good to blowe in dry remedies, and to annoint liquid thinges with a feather. Dogges doung mixed with hony and annointed, taketh away the rooues maruellously, which wilbe the better, if the dogge be fed only with bones two dayes before. It helpeth greatly, nether hath it any vnsauorines being ministred in meates. Also the ashes of swallowes burnt, and the ashes of Centory minor burnt, with hony mixed is good. After the irritations and chasinges made by medicines, you must appease it with decoction of lycorice, and with a gargarisme, which is made of masticke, mirrhe, Tracaganthum, amylum and saffron,Gargarisme ministring also, while the vlcer feedeth, milke mixed with terra lemnia to gargarise. What need many wordes? You must be diligent and carefull, specially in clensing and purging the vlcers. Many infantes do suffer the crampe in purging of the vlcers. Some be strangled, because the way of swallowing is dryed vp. It is good to apply outwardly fomentes, and emplaisters, with taking heed, least we do coole it. For the cure will prosper, if the matter, that is holden within, can be drawen outward. Therfore alwayes after the taking of the plaisters away, couer the partes that be about the chinn, by laying vpon it soft woll, sprincled with oleum nardinum. To conclude, when the skurfes are loosened, and the vlcers purged, vse this remedie following. ℞. flours of red roses. ʒ.iij. saffron. ʒ.j.ss. Balaustiae. ʒ.ss. mirrhe. ℈.j. pyne nuttes made cleane. ʒ.ij. Amyli. ʒ.j. Sumach, roch alome, ana. ʒ.j.ss. beat them, commixe them with hony, and vse to annoynt it three times on the day.

CAP. V. Of the Squinnancie. DE ANGINA.

ANGINA in latin, squinancie in englishe, But in greek Sinanchi. Gen. 4. It is properly an inflamacion which is in the throte, or in the iawes. Ther be fowre kinds of squinances, one is, when the iaws be inflamed: (by the iawes, I meane, the place, wher the endes of the weasand, & the trachaea arteria do agree). Another 1 is, when nether the iawes nor other partes of the mouth, nor yet the outward 2 partes do seeme to be inflamed: yet the sicke feeleth perill of choking in the throte The third is when the partes about the throte be inflamed both outwardly and inwardly.3 The fourth is, when the ioyntes betweene the bones of the head, and the necke be losened 4 to the former part of the necke: whereby the place appeareth hollowe, and the sicke feeleth payne, when it is toucheth without. The Sqinancy is caused through aboundance of hote bloud, flowing vnnaturally to the places afore rehersed.Causae. Signa. It is knowen by these signes the breath is drawen very hardly, and not without the necke be holden right, and there is difficultie [Page 62] in swallowing.Curatio. Also in some, a feauer, rednes of the face and necke. There chaunceth also in many, swelling: the sicke yauneth with open mouth, and draweth breath. Therefore in the beginning euery squynance requireth a hastie and speedie remedie. Wherefore you must by and by cut the outward veyne on the same side of the shoulders,Venae [...] sectio except some greater perill doe let it: but you must take away the blood by litle and litle, at many tymes, and not all at once; for the blood being taken away altogether on heapes, the hart soone faileth and so the perill of choking commeth vpon him. And moreouer also the refrigeration and fainting of the hart, the matter is quickly caried from the [...]awes to the lunges, and so bring ineuitable perill. Take heed also that ther be litle diduction of the veine, for therof commeth much failing of the mind, and yet it is not good to make a narrow incision of the vaine, lest the bloud be as it were strained, & the grosser parte remaineth within stil, which is the cause of this disease. It is profitable to them to haue the bloud drawen out againe the next day, vnlesse the swelling of the disease let it, or faintnes of the harte. If the sicke be a woman, cut the vaine on the anckles, specially if the menstruis be stopped, and the bloud must be drawē out moderatlie.Venerum lingue sect [...]o. [...]y [...]ier. If by these he be but litle eased, then is it good to cut those vaines which be vnder the tounge & that by and by, at the first or the second day. And if there be any thing that forbiddeth bloud letting, the belie must be emptied with a sharpe clister, such as is described in the chap. of apoplexia. After vniuserall euacuations, you must fasten one cupping glasses; and if there be swelling about the cheekes, or vnder the chinne, it is good to fasten cupping glasses to the swelling, and with sacrification to drawe out much bloud. Also to strew salt vpon the scarrif [...]ing and to rubb it.Con [...]urbi [...]. And if there appeare no swelling outward, you must fasten a cupping glasse behind in the neck, neere to the shutting of the first ioint, and you must vse it with constant attraction, pulling away the glasse often. Also the humoures must be turned away,Aue [...]sio [...]. least they flow to the place which is agreaued and inflamed. For the which purpose, you must bath the feete with hote water. Also bind and rubb the handes & feete stronglie. The neck must be couered with wooll that is moist, or that is dipped in warm oyle. also by & by (at the beginning) you must vse gargarizes, which doe neither vehemently driue back nor yet only discusse: For those which doe altogether repell, and driue back they bring perill of choking, by thrusting humors to the lunges. Those which be only discussiue, they draw more then is meet by reason of ther heat. Therfore when the beginning is with much inflammation, you must minister those things, which do restrain gently, as is decoction of roses, lintels, and dates, or els restrictiue gargarismes declared before in the cap. De Columellae inflamatione commixing some discussiue medicines with it. of that sorte ar roses or sumach sodden with aqua mulsa, and decoction of Sebesten. When the disease is at his strength and standeth: you must vse those things which haue discussiue vertue only in them, as is decoction of fenugreeke, figes, raisons, licorice or stronger thinges, as the roote of ireos hisope, nigella, sothernwood with oximel. Therefore it shallbe lawfull at this time to vse a gargarisme made thus. ℞. of licorice scraped. ℥.j. raisons. ℥.ss. dry figes in number. 6. fenugreeke. ℥.ij. hisope, sothernwood. ana. M.ss. seeth them in one pound of well water, till halfe be consumed: then put into the licour of that decoction being strained of mel rosarum. ℥.j.ss. oximel simplex. ℥.j. commixe them all & make a gargarisme. Also doges dounge, such as is found amongest herbes,Gargarismus. and is very white in colour, being beaten and finely searced, and mixed with hony, is a most excellent medicine, being ministred like a lohoch, that they may swallow it very softely. Likewise the ashes of swallowes burnt, is very effectuall being so mixed with hony. Moreouer to the necke without, you must apply those plaisters in them which be vexed with inflamacion which can concoct and discusse, as this is. ℞. the meale of line seede,Cataplasma [...]a. fenugreeke, and barly. ana. ℥.j. seedes of althaea, ʒ.iij. mallows, floures of cammomill and melilote. ana. M.j. seeth them in water vntill they waxe soft, then stāp them in a morter, and make a softe plaster. or put to it oiles of cammomill, and lillies, ana ℥.j.ss. and being boiled againe, make an emplaister. Neither shall it be vnprofitable, if the necke be annointed with oiles of cammomill, dill, and lillies, or fomented with decoction of fenugreeke, melilote, & cammomill. They which are vexed with the squinancy, let thē vse .iij. daies aqua mulsa for ther drincke.Po [...]us. Afterward iuice of ptisan by it selfe, or with som sweete potion, for that iuice hath vertue to extenuate discusse, nourishe, and to coole. Whē [Page 63] the inflammation is somewhat flaked, and the sick beginneth to swallowe better: giue to him the yolks of rere eggs, and soupings made of Alica. To conclude the eating of the sick,Cibus. & his meates must be according to his strēght: therfor he must eschew ouermuch feeding. Sleep must especially be eschewed aswel in the squinancy as in all other inflāmations. For in sleep (as Hippocrates saith) the bloud creepeth within, and the flowing of humours to the greeued place, doth encrese more

CAP VI Of the coughe. DE TVSSI.

THERE be diuerse causes of the cough. For as Galen saith. 1. lib. 2. de simpt [...]. causis. Cold distempure of the instruments of brething causeth the cough.Causae. Also a humour distilling from the head to the Trachaea arteria, and sharpnesse onely 1 of the vpper skinne of trachaea arteria going about within, doth prouoke the 2 cough. Also wormes troubling the stomach, and raising vp some qualitie, sending 3 it to the iawes, doth cause the cough. Moreouer a humour contained in the lunges, & 4 the breast is the cause of inflammation in the lunges, disease in the sides, consumtion, and 5 the cough. Those which be outward signes, and may cause the cough, be smoke, dust, and 6 whatsoeuer doth exasperat the trachaea arteria. Signa. The signes of coughing caused only throgh cold distempure of the instruments of respiration and breathing are that those which be so afflicted, they spitt out nothing while they cough, nor the cough is not violent nor constraining: but it is so small, that not onely it may be suppressed by holding the breath: but also vnlesse it be very great, it maybe healed, because through stopping of the breath, the parts vexed with cold, do waxe hote. Moreouer they which ar vexed with this kind of coughe, they are more prouoked to it by often fetching of ther breath, because the cold thereby is encreased, and made more stronger. Therefore if they breath, and fetch ther wind easily, & be also in a warme house, they cough litle or nothing at all. They be pale of face, and not thirstie, they are greeued with cold thinges, and are best with hote thinges. The coughes which chaunce with tikling of the partes on either side of the palate, they do openly shew a flowing humour, comming from the head to trachaea arteria: and to the lunges which you may well know by difficultie of breathing that followeth. And if that they which be thus afflicted do spit out nothing, it declareth it to be a thinne reume, which being cut of by expulsion of breath, it is caried no further by reason o [...] his thinnes, but the flowing of it returneth again. The diet is diuerse, according to the diuersity of causes: for if the cough be caused of cold distempure, ocupying the instruments of breathing: you must eschew, aier, wind,Victus ratio. and also cold meat and drinck: but if the cough be caused through humours distilling from the head: let the diet be such as is described before in the cap. of distillation. But vniuersally they which haue the coughe, must eschewe salte thinges, sharpe thinges, and whatsoeuer would exasperate the trachaea arteria. The cough that is caused through cold of the instrumentes of breathing, shalbe cured by remedies that can make them hote.Cure of the cough caused of cold distempure. Therefore let the neck be wrapped about with warme woll, and let him breath seeldome, because that stopping of the breath (as is said befor) doth not only let the cough, but also oftētims it heleth it. Therfor it is good to haue the sick cōuersant in a hote house, & let him breath very softely. Also let the breast be fomented with hote ointments, as is oiles of ireos, lillies and dill. If a humour that is thinne and sharp,Cure of the cough caused of thinne and sharp humours flowing out of the head to the trachaea arteria and the breast, do cause a cough: then it shalbe healed specially by meates of good iuice, and by medicines which do coole, thicken, temper, and stop sharpnesse and inordacitie. For which purpose it is good to minister strupes of violettes of Nimphaea, of poppie, the antidote Diatragacantha, diapenidion siue speicebus, pilula [...]echicae, and such like. Among all other this loche is excellent good. ℞. Diatragacantha, diapenidion siue speciebus. ana. ʒ.vj. iuice of licorice. ʒ.ij. pilulae h [...]chicae. ʒ.j. storax calamint. ʒ.ss. mirrhe, dry roses. ana. ʒ.j. tragacanthe, Ecligma. pine nutts. ana. ʒ.ss. sirupe of violettes, as much as shall suffice to commix them and make an Ecligma. Alsoe for that purpose it is good to minister those medicines which ar spoken of before in the cap. [Page 64] of distillations.Cure of the cough caused of grosse and viscous humours. Decoctio. But if a greeuous and viscous humour be cause of the cough, we shall cure it by those thinges which do deuide and extenuat. Therfore then we must minister to the sick sirupes of lycorice, hisope, horehound, calamint and such like, or els this decoction. ℞. roots, ireos, percely, lycorice. ana. ℥.j. rootes of Ella campana. ℥.ss. dry figges in number vij. of raisons the stones picked out. ℥.j. seedes of nettell, annise and fennell. ana. ʒ.ij. hisope, maidē-heare, scabias and horehound. ana. M.j.ss. the best agarick. ʒ.iij. Seeth them all in well water of iust quantity, till the third parte be consumed, then strain it, and to the iuice of that decoction put sirup, and hisope of horehound, ana. ℥.ij.ss. and make a potion. Afterward if it seeme conuenient by the state of the patient, you must empty the body with those medicines which do purge grosse and clamme humours.Purgatio. And among other spoken of in the first booke,Infusio agarici. the infusion of Agaricke is verie good: which is made after this sort. ℞. of elect agarick. ʒ.ij. ginger. ℈.j. salt gemme. ʒ.iij. beat them and infuse them one night in ℥.ij of odorife rous white wine, water of wormewood and fennell. ana. ℥.j. In the morning strain it and wring it, and put to it Electuarium nidi maioris. ʒ.ij.ss. Oximel squilliticum. ℥.ss. and make a potion. The body being purged, let him haue a loch sometime commixed with other antidotes:Ecligma. after this sort. ℞. Loch, epino, loch saniet experti, Loch è scilla. ana. ʒ.iij. Diayreos Salomonis ℥.j. pouder of Diapenidion cum speciebus. ʒ.j. pouder of the rootes of Enula and ireos. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. iuice of Lycorice. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of horehound, as much as shall suffice, to commixe them. Moreouer the breast must be annointed outwardlie with hote oiles of lillies, Ireos & sweete Almondes, putting to them greace and other thinges after this sort. ℞. oiles of lillies and sweete Almondes. ana. ʒ.iij. of hennes greace. ʒ.j.ss. fresh butter. ʒ.ij. the muscelage of fenugreek and rootes of Althaea. ana. ʒ.j.ss. storax. ʒ.ss. pouder of the rootes of Enula and Ireos. ana. ʒ.j. safrone ℈.j. white waxe as much as is sufficient,Vnguentum. make an ointment. The residue that is requisite for the cure of the cough, are to be sought in the chapter of distillation.

CAP. VII. Of the Asthma. DE ASTHMATE.

Causae. THE Asthma is caused when as grosse and clammy humoures be gotten in aboundantlie into the gristells or lappetes of the loungs, or that there be some swelling in it, like vnto a botch. Also they do breath difficultlie, weereby the Trachaea arteria is repleat and filled with distillations.Signa. These euills are easie to be knowen a sunder. For distillation doth also chaunce in hailefolke by and by through as manifest a cause in a manner altogither without a feauer, hauing the tokens of a distillation following it. If ther be swelling of the loungs like a botche, ther must needes follow a feauer, and so within fewe dayes after, the inflammation being rotted the matter of it is cast out with the coughe. Yf ther be a crude and rawe tubercle and botch ingendred, such doe not feele any great griefe, nether are they much troubled, with difficultie of breathing: but they are much troubled, when they eate or drinke, because they cannot swallowe but with much griefe. Those which be properly astamatickes, or orthopnickes, they haue no feauer at all, and there chaunceth to them heauines of sense, and they do not spitt out matter with their spittle. Let their dyet be altogether hote and drye, therfore he must eschewe ayre cold and moist.Victus ratio. He must eate the flesh of partriches, birdes of the mountaines, hennes, capons, and such like. He must eschewe fishes, fruicte, pulse, and all other thinges, that can ingender grosse and clammy humours. Let him vse often hysope, percely, and fennell. Vniuersally let him drincke a small quantity at once, which haue a botch risen, but much drincke must be vsed of those, whose gristles and flappes of the lunges are stopped with grosse and clammy humours, which are not easie to be cast out with the spittle because of ther thickenes, and therfore they haue need of muche moistening, that it may come out the easilier. He must vse exercise before meat, but not sudanely by and by because many by these meanes are dead. Frictions and rubbinges of the breast do profit. Perturbations of the mynd, especially, wrathe and lamentation are to be eschewed. But for the cure of the [Page 65] aforsaid euils generally, you must labour that the aboundance of that humour, which engendreth these euils, may be abolished and consumed.Curatio. But before the cure of the euils particularly, if the euill be engendred of grosse and clammy humours, you must cure it by extenuating and clensing medicines. If it come of swelling like a botche, you must cure it by extenuating and drying medicins. Against grosse and viscous humours, those medicines be good, which do extenuate and scoure without heat vehement,Note. for grosse and viscous humours doe vexe more toughe and clammy as well with vehement heat as they do with cold, so that afterward they can scarce be deuidid and pluckt away. Therfore Oximell squilliticum or squilla rosted and brayed with hony is especially to be ministred vnto them. Also Syrupes of lycorace, horehound, and hysope; Also the decoction rehersed in the last chapter before is good for purging. Yf necessity requyre, before all thinges cut the middle vaine in the arme, or the inner vaine, and draw out so much bloud as strength will suffer. But if the body be not full, (the humour being preparate to purging by the premisses) you must minister often stronger medicines, which may driue out the grosse and clammy humours. Therfore pilles of Agaricke, and pilulae cochiae, also Diaturbith with Rewbarbe, antidotum indi, and diaphaenicon are good for this purpose. Also minister the infusion of Agaricke described before in the laste chapter. Also the belly must be washed with strong clisters.Clyster. Also he must vomit nowe and then, by taking of radish and other thinges which prouoke vomitte, of the which we haue spoken in the first booke of melancholiousnes. But in the meane season whyle purgations be ministred, you must minister medicines which can dissolue and extenuate humours contained in the breast by little and little, and he must take Aristolochia rotunda, the rootes of Enula and Ireos, nettleseede, hysope, nigella, calamynt and such like. Where with you may make decoctions or loches. For which purpose also those Ecligmata,, which are rehersed in the chapter of the coughe, are good. Also Trochischi Becci [...]albi be most excellent. Outwardly you must lay to the breast, plaisters made of figges, barly meale, or rather meale of fitches, hauing rosen, hony, and waxe commixed with it. Also apply to the breast of Ireos,Vnguentum. dill, rewe, and such like, as is this. ℞. oyles of dill and rew. ana. ℥.ss. the greace of hennes and duckes. ana. ʒ.ij. the rootes of Ireos, Enula, and Dracontij maioris. ana. ʒ.j. seede of flaxe. ℈.ij. Storax. ʒ.iij. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment. But the breast must first of all be rubbed with a rough linnen cloth, that (the poores being opned & vnlocked the strēgth of the medicine may more readily pearce to the bottome. Also you must vse those medicines which can exulcerat the skinne, and can drawe out matter and watterye humours: as those be which are named rubefacientia. Rubefacientia For this purpose the breast must be rubbed with nettles, brayed or beaten. The places that are blistered are to be cured with warme oyle. But in an inueterat euill, and where all medicins are ministred in vaine, we must flye to burning, as Aetius teacheth in lib. 8. cap. 57. how it should be done. For the cure of that which is like a botche, which hath need of medicines to attenuate and dry, (as is said before),Cure of Abse [...]us. you must note that it is cured with Aromaticke thinges, because they do extenuate drye & heat. Therfore then you must giue vnto the Astmatickes specially Antidotes, cōpounded of these thinges as is Theriaca, Mithridatum, Antidotum è moscho dulce, Diambar Aromaticum rosaccum Diamargariton callidum, and many such other like.

CAP. VIII. Of the Plurisie. DE PLEVRITIDE.

PLEVRISIE, to speake exquisitely and properly, is an inward inflammacion of the vpper skinne girding the ribbes and the sides. In latine it is called lateralis dolor. Neither is it rashely added to speake exquisitely and properly. For throughe many tormentes and throughe meates grosse and flegmatike there doe engender humours that be could, crude, grosse and viscous in the bodie, which often tymes doe place themselues by and by in the voide place of the breast, or in the lounges yt self, and by reason of there multitude, they stretch out the vpper skinne, girding [Page 66] the sides within,Causae. and cause paine. But of this we will speake nothing, because the cure of it doth differ litle from the cure of asthma, rehersed in the last chap. The plurisie which is an inflammaiont of the vpper skinne, which girdeth the sides within, is caused of aboundaunce of hote bloud,Signa. flowing vnnaturally to the aforesaid vpper skinne within. The signes hereof ar difficultie of breathing, the coughe, a continuall feauer, vehement pricking paine, a hard pulse, and sharpe like a sawe. And if his spittle be redde and bloudy, it signifieth bloud to haue dominion, if it be yellow and subpale, choler hath the mastery, if it be white and froathie, fleume ruleth, if it be blackish, it betokeneth blacke choler to haue the mastery or melancholie. The first two daies the sicke must be content, with the iuice of ptisan for his meate.Victus ratio. Afterward make him almonde milke with the decoction of ptisan, or the crummes of fine bread mixed with the broth of a chicken or cocke, specially if the patient be weake. He must vniuersallie eschew all thinges that be sharpe and restrictiue. Let his drincke be water wherein cinamon is sodden, and let the patient eschew cold water as a pernicious thing, because it maketh the spittle grosse and thicke. Also let him eschew wine altogether. Let him lie vpon the side, that is greaued. Let him auoyd wrath, sorrow, and other perturbations of the mind.Curatio. In the beginning of the cure, the phisition must diligently consider, whether the body of the sicke be greaued with aboundance of humours or noe, so that he must knowe at the first, whither the paīne doth mitigate and dissolue with heating medicines, and when it doth not. For if the body be not full of humours, then in the beginning of the pleurisie and inflammation the paine must be mitigated and discussed with fomentes & medicines that doe heate. But if the bodie doe abound with euill humours or be full of bloud you may not beginn the cure with those thinges that doe heate, for they moue fluxe of humours to the aggreued place, for the place, to the which thinges that doe heate are laide, draweth more to it, then it sendeth out by vapours againe. Therefore then you must not vse hote fomentes which can not dissolue the paine, but all the bodie must be emptied by bloude letting,Ven [...] sectio. and you must cut the inner vaine of the arme, which they call the liuere vaine, or the splene vaine, on that arme which is right against the greefe on the same side. For bloud letting on the same side, doth not only drawe bloud away from the aggreaued parte, but also it purgeth it quickely, which is greately requisite in the pleurisite, and in other inward inflammationes. After bloud letting, if the womb do not cast out the excrementes of it selfe, as it ought to doe, then caste into the bellie this easie clister. ℞. mallowes, leaues of purple violetts, mercurie, spinage, of both the garden endiues. ana. M.j. whole barley. ℥.j. seeth these in iust quantity of water,Cl [...]s [...]er. vntill the third parte be consumed: then take of the iuice of that decoction. lb.j. of casia fistula newlie drawen. ℥.j.ss. of the oiles of cammomill and violettes ana. ʒ.j.ss. fresh butter. ℥.ss. comon salt. ʒ.j. and commixe them all, to make a clister. After the bodie is emptied you must apply outwardly fomentes that do heat and mitigate paine,Sacculi. such as sacculi be, which are made of the floures of Cammomill, dill, melilote, tapsus barbatus, seede of flaxe, fenugreeke, milium, and branne mixed together, the decoctions of the herbes aforesaid being put into bladders, or some other deuises. Also you may well apply a great soft sponge, being dipt in the aforesaid decoctions, & applied to the greife warme. You must couer the foments with clothes, lest there strengh do vanishe away quickly. Also take an aple, take out the core of it and fill the hole with Olibanum, & rost it till it be soft, then take of the skin of the aple, & mixe the soft of the aple & the Olibanum together, and let rhe patient make bols of it, & swallow it all at once, which doth remoue the pain very much. This plaister also is good for this purpose. ℞. floures of Cammomill,Empl [...]sirum. tapsus barbatus, and dill. ana. M.ss. line seede fenugreeke. ana. ʒ.iij. Annise seede. ʒ.j. barly meale. M.ss. bray them and put them in water, till they be as thick as hony, after put to oiles of Dill and cammomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. boile them again and adde to it the yolkes of two eggs,Concurbi [...]lae. Of safron. ℈.j. and make an emplaister. After the 7. day if the pain do continewe still after one sorte: fasten a cupping glasse to the side, and scarrifie the skinne, for a manifest comoditie doeth ensue to them that haue the Pleurisie, hy applying of cupping glasses. The cutts of the scarrified places must be strewed with salt if the patient can abide it, if not, lay vpon it a linnen cloth dipped in oile and sprinkled with salt. The next day after the scarrefi [...]g is done, it is good to fasten on a cupping glasse againe, that the matterie bloud may be [Page 67] drawen out of the litle wounds. This secōd extraction is better then the first, for at the second time the blood is not drawen away, but the matter. Also the Phisition may not neglecte to minister to the sicke such medicines as are good to make the fleume come vp easily (as is) Diapenidion, Diatragacanthes, conserues of violettes, Trochisci pectorales, putting to them other looches rehersed before in the chapter of the cough. Outwardlie you must apply medicines that haue vertue to discusse (as is) fenugreeke, dill, melilote, hisope, and such like. And if there do appeare tokens that it will rotte, and turne into matter, you must further it with this or the like oyntment. ℞. oyles of chammomill, of sweete almoundes, and of lillies.Vnguentum. ana. ʒ.iij. butter without salt, hennes greace. ana. ʒ.ij. the musculage of fenugreke, lyne seed, & the rootes of Althaea. ana. ʒ.j. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment. The botche being broke, you must minister those thinges that do clense and purifie matter and filthe, (as is) aqua mellis, or decoction of bareley, or suger roset. The filth being clensed, you may minister glutinatiue medicines, which shalbe sufficiently declared in the chapter of the Ptisicke afterward.

CAP. IX. Of the inflammation of the Lunges. DE PERIPNEVMONIA.

PERIPNEVMONIA is an inflammation of the lounges with a sharp feauer.Causae. This disease for the most part is caused of strong distillations falling to the lounges, or els of the squinauncy, or the Asthma, or the Pleurisie, or of other diseases. Also sometime only inflammation is the cause of this disease.Signa. They which haue this euil, haue difficult breathing, the lounges lying vpon the hart doeth bring choking, they haue a sharpe and burning feauer, and also fulnes and stretching out of the breast without payne. But if the skinnes which be ioyned all the length of the breast within be inflammate, then they feele payne at the breast. All the face, and the aggreued place looke red, the nose is croked in the toppe, the veynes of the temples doe beate, the eyes do swell, the toung is dry, the appetite is lost, the breath is hote, they couet cold water, and rather cold ayer, they haue a dry cough, it is froathy and cholericke, or bloudy and red which be the worst tokēs. Yf the sicke shall dy, he shal watch much, & haue fearful short sleaps, the hands & feete shalbe cold, the nailes shalbe crooked & swart, & he shal dye the fourth or the seuenth day at the furthest. But if the sicke shall recouer, ther will follow bleeding aboundantly, or perturbation of the wombe, by passing forth of many cholerike and froathy humours, and sometime the inflammation is chaunged into matter, and the matter being filthye is driuen out either with egestion or with the vryne, and the sicke is deliuered from all the greife by and by. And if it do flow into the lounges and that aboundantly, or do choke him, then it is chaunged into a Ptisicke. For ther dyet you must minister to them soupinges made of the iuice of Ptisan, mixed with hony, origan, or hysope.Victus ratio. They haue more need of extenuatiue meates then those that haue the Pleurisy. Also Alica, or aqua mulsa is good for them. Let them drincke litle, for moistnes hurteth the lounges. You may minister for preseruing of strength (especially if choking constraineth you) Mulsa alone, & with pine nuttes, or mulsa wherin hysope is sodden, the pouder of dry Ireos to aqua mulsa is good. Generally the dyet of those that haue Peripneumonia must in a maner be the same, which the pleurisie should haue, specially if they begin to recouer.Curatio. For the cure you must eschewe letting of bloud in such as haue fallen to this euill out of other diseases, especailly if they haue bene long in this case, or if they were let bloud before. You must mollifie the belly with clisters, if he be costiue, or apply cupping glasses to the breast and sides, if nothing do lett it, and that great boxinges and many, the skinne being cut and scarified. But if the peripneumonia began first without any other disease going before, then let him bloud,Venae sectio. if strength and other thinges will suffer it, you must cut the inner vaine of the arme and if strength will suffer it drawe bloude on bothe the armes, and first but a little, in no case, vntil his harte faile, so that some strength may be kept for the bloud letting of the next arme. But if anie thing doth forbid bloud letting, you may fasten cupping glasses to the whole breast, and the [Page 68] sides. And you must gett out as much bloud as strength by them will suffer. Also it is good to mollifie the belly with sharp clisters, made of the decoctions of hysope, yreos and rewe, putting to it the pulpe of Coloquintida, Sal gemme, and other thinges necessarie for suche clysters. After this you must labour and see, that the breast & the lounges be purged by muche spitting, which must be made swift and easy. For the which purpose you must vse those Ecligmaes, oyntmentes, and emplaisters, which are declared before in the chapter against the pleurisie, excepting that in this case, you must minister the most stronge thinges, and those that haue much strength and vertue in extenuating. Therfore you must minister loch e scylla, loch e pulmone vulpis, the decoction of the roote of yreos & Enula. And you must make a cerate of oyle of rewe and nardinum, putting to it the marrow of a hart, of yreos, hysope, & horehound beaten verie fine, and commixed with Venyce turpentyne, and lay it all ouer the breast, and the sides.

CAP. X. Of spitting bloud. DE SANGVINIS REIECTATIONE.

SPITTING of bloud is caused many times of an outward manifest cause, as of falling from a high place,Causae. or a stroke giuen to one outwardly, or with vehement striking,Externae. or leaping, or if anie heauy thinges haue fallen vpon the breast, either els with great crying, or immoderat cold: for cold as Hippocrates witnesseth breketh veines. Also spitting of bloud may be caused through heate. Also sometime spitting of bloud is caused of inward and secret causes as fulnes and aboundance of naughtie bloud,Internae. gnawing asunder the vaines, & brusting open the heades of them. The gnawing a sunder of those vaines is caused of sharpe humours either falling from the head to the lounges, or els engendred in the lounges it selfe. Moreouer the bloud, that is spit out, sometime commeth from the breast and the lounges, or from the Trachea arteria, and sometime from other places of the mouth or gummes, or the iawes, or from the stomake, vnto the which doth fal bloud out of the veyns and members adioyning (that is to say) from the liuer & the splene. The outward causes are knowen thus: If the spitting of bloud be caused of aboundance of bloud,Signa. then the bloud commeth out gushing all at once, and after it is out, the sicke is better and lighter. But if it be caused through brusting of the mouthes of the veynes, then hote perturbations haue gone before it, as though the patient had vsed many hote bathes, & had dwelt in a hote Region, vsing hote dyet, in a hote season. If spitting of bloud be caused throgh gnawing and eating a sunder the veynes, then the bloud is not spitted forth all on a heape, but by little and little with the cough, and they are alwayes worse. Also if the bloud which is spitted, be froathy and palish and cometh forth now & then with the coughe without any paine, it is a sure token, that the bloud commeth out of the lounges. If flegmaticke bloud be spitted out with easie coughinges and reaching, then the bloud commeth from the Trachea arteria. If bloud be spi [...]ted forth being blacke and clodded together, hauing also the cough and paine in the aggreaued place, thē it is a token, that it cōmeth from the breast. For the dyet let him vse meates which haue a moderat adstriction, as be Ryce, hulled wheat, called Alica, Victus ratio. and such other like mixing with them the yuices of pomegranates or peares. For flesh let him eat wild doues, turtles, and partriches, if they be boyled with veryuice, or yuice of soure grapes, or with Sumach. Also he must vse quinces, peares, restrictiue apples, medlers and mulberies and such like rehersed before in the chapter against bleeding at the nose. He must drincke thicke redd wyne, or in steed of it, water wherin steele is quenched. He must eschewe great noyses,Curatio. often speaking, all mouing of the body, and anger. As for the cure it differeth according to the diuersitie of causes: for if the bloud come out of the head, it needeth but a simple and easie cure, for restrictiue things applyed cold to the palate of the mouth by collutions and gargarises do performe the cure. What thinges they be, you maye seeke in the beginning of this second Booke the first chapter. But if there do flowe much bloud from the head, then you must let him bloud on some vayne. Those which spit bloud through distillation,Venae sectio. you must by and by in the beginning let him bloud on some veyne, vnlesse [Page 69] a sharp humour doth distill vehemently. Also afterward minister a sharp clister, and empty the wombe, Also rubbe the handes, the armes, and the legges very much with a medicine that will heat and extenuate, and bynd the outward partes. After that, if the disease endure longer, shaue the head, and applye therto a medicine which hath vertue to dry, and discusse (as is) that, which is made of the doung of wyld doues, and after three houres space, bring him into a bath, so that the head be annoynted with no fat thing. Afterward couer them meanely, and nourish them with soure soupinges. When they go to sleep, minister to them Theriaca. The next day all the whole body (the head being excepted only) being rubbed; kepe him in quyet: and againe at night minister to him Theriaca. And if through these the distillation be not stopped, then the third day in the morning minister a litle hony sodden, and rubbe all the body, and suffer him to rest. The fourth day, after the taking of the Theriaca, minister againe much hony, and lay to the head a medicine of doues dounge.Concurbi [...]ula. And if the euill do endure longer, fasten a cupping glasse to the hinder part of the head. Last of al minister those things which are able to purge the humours that are flowen into the lounges. But if it be a very sharp humour, which distilleth out of the head, you must beware of bloud letting, and you must rather vse purgations, and you must vse the nourishmentes and remedies hereafter declared, and also before in the chapter against distillations. They which do spitt bloud comming from the lounges, by reason of breaking of some veynes in it, or by brusting opē of ther heades, those you must first of al charge, least that they do breath much and make a noyse, and that they speake but litle, and in a maner not at all. Let them sitt in open ayer hauing a stedfast bed, and of a good height.Cure of [...] For such you must by and by cutt the inner veyn of the arme: and you must draw blood twise or thrise a litle at once, for such haue no neede of much blood letting. Also for the same purpose (that is to saye) that the blood may be drawen another way, you must rubbe the extremities, and vse to bynde them harde with broadlinnen clothes. These soe done, you must minister to him a drincke, made of vineger and water infused and warmed, and let him drincke it, so that if anie clodde of bloud doe cleaue one the fleshe, it may (being there by dissolued) be cast out, [...] neither doeth anie thinge let, but that you may minister this potion twise or thrise in three houres. After those you may minister both within the bodie and without medicines, which be restrictiue, and haue power to stoppe the poores. For thinges taken inwardly it profiteth to eate purcelaine albeit that his iuice dronken is of more effect, the iuice of knotgrasse, sharp grapes, [...] decoction of sumach, galls, the shells of acornes, the roote of bremble, balaustia, seed of sorrel, the rootes of horsetaile and such like, which are declared in the chapiter against bleeding at the nose. But these are better and of more effect, then the aforesaid thinges (that is to say) terra lemnia beaten into very fine pouder, and ministred with the iuice of pomegarnettes, or of knottgrasse, or lapis hematitis at once. ℈.j. in the like iuice. Amonge compoundes you must vse this lohoch. ℞. of old conserue of roses,Ecligma. of roberibes. ana. ʒ.j. of diatragacanthum frigdium, and diacotoneon simplex. ana. ℥.ss. of the powders of corall, lapis hematitis and terra lē nia. ana. ℈.ij. bole armoniacke. ʒ.j. dragons bloud. ʒ.ss. pomgarnet floures. ʒ.j. frankensēce the roote of consolida maior. ana. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of mirtells, as much as is sufficient to cōmixe them, & make an Ecligma. Afterward you must sprinckle the breast outwardlie with restrictiue wine, & the oiles of roses, quinces, and myrtines. But if ther be much eruption of bloud (especially being sommer) and the spitting out there of comming without a coughe, and the sicke not being weake, but stronge and fleshie; then you may take vineger for wyne, and apply it to with sponges. It is good to put to the aforesaid oiles, bolearmoniacke, terra lemnia, corall, and such like, and to make an ointment there of with waxe. Also apply ther vnto a softe plaister made of dates, Acatia, the roote of consolida maior, the barckes of pomgarnettes; and the meale of lintles. Also a cerate made of the meate of pomegarnettes, frankensence, red coral, balaustia, bolearmony, terra lemnia, and such like is good of effecte. But you must specially take head, that by and by after the rupture of the vessels, it may grow together againe, before it take inflamacion: for if ther come inflamacion, before it be growen together; ther is but litle hope of the conglutinacion of the wombe, for it keepeth it stretched out many daies. For you must washe awaie aswell the matter, as the watery bloud out of the vlcer; after that the inflamacion is gone. But here the reader must be admonished, that [Page 70] he take heede that he do not apply outwardlie against that place,Note. where the bloud runneth out, nether restrictiue thinges nor cold thinges without restriction: vnlesse matter be first turned another way, & drawē from that place; for els it would dryue the bloud inward and stop the vaines full that be within. Therefore first alwaies you must drawe the bloud to the contrarie parte,Cure of spitting of bloud caused of sharp humours and after that applie restrictiue thinges outwardlie. Those which spitt bloud through erosion and gnawing of sharp humours, you must first of all minister those thinges vnto them which haue vertue to purge sharpe humours, distilling into the lounges, such; as be spoken of before in the chapter of distillation. After that minister those thinges which can alter and make thicke the thinne and sharpe humours: and soe haue vertue to stop the distillation, as is sirupe of violettes, roses, mirtines, hidromalon, ininacotoueorum and such like. For the same purpose sometime minister sirupes of poppie & other somnoriferous medicines. The distillation being ceased, you must restore the gnawen partes with meates of good iuice,Cure of [...] bloud. and with medicines that doe engender fleashe. Moreouer they which vomit bloud must vse the same diet and cure, which is before rehearsed (that is) if the bloud flow from the liuer, cut the vaine on the arme. But if the bloud be caried from the splene, into the belie; cut the vaine on the left hand, which is betweene the litle finger, and the ringe finger, and minister to them restrictiue meates and drinckes, adding this to the cure, that they doe not take meate and drincke often: for they may easily be cured, if the remedies which be receiued in, be applied to those partes that sheade bloud. And for bloud congealed in the stomacke like a hillocke, let him drincke creame, and specially of a harte, or let it be auoided with sauery mixed with vineger or with aloē. Those, which spitt bloud from the palate of there mouth, they must gargarise with restrictiue thinges, and applie to the forehead, and to the head, those thinges which are applied vnto the nose, when it bledeth. Furthermore to conclude, after that all thinges be done, and that the fluxe of bloud be stopped then the strength must be cherished and restored againe. And specially he must beware of the often vsing of bathes, of drincking of wine, of wrathe and of Venus.

CAP. XI. Of spitting of matter. DE EMPYEMATE.

Causae. EMPIEMA In Greeke signifieth a mattery spitting. In latin it is called Suppuratio It is caused when an impostume, or botch being in the vpper skin of them which girdeth the ribbes inwardly, or els in some other vpper skinne of the breast, broken all at once, and is shedde and powred into the empty place of the breaste, which is between the lounges and the vpper skinne that girdeth in the ribbes. It is caused sometime through brasting out of bloud (an vlcer not being brought to his scarre, and perfect shutting vp). Also sometime through fluxe of the head, and other vpper partes falling thither,Signa. which it wont often to chaunge into the squinnancie. The signes be these, heauines is felt in the bottom of the breast, a strong cough and a drie without pain. And also sometime with moistnesse, for the which they seeme to be eased. In the beginning there chaunceth to them feauers faint, inordinat, and hard to be iudged. When the impostume draweth neere to a rupture, then they haue a feauer more vehement with quaking, and they are trobled in there speeche. Being broken there appeareth somewhat to flowe into the breasts bottome, according to the often chaunging of there lying, and specially when they chāgeying from one side to an other, then surely the multitude of matter is euident, and oftentimes a certain noise of the flowing may perfectly be heard when they turne them. Also the matter that commeth out is sometimes cleare, sometime thicke and dreggie. Some impostumes doe brust out vpward, that is, vnto the voide place of the breast, and these be more perillous. Some impostumes doe flowe out downward vnto the paunche, & the bowells & also the blader. They alwaies labour of the feauer ethicke, vntill all thinges be brought out vpward. Those that be vexed with this desease of spitting of matter, let them remaine in a dry ayer,Victus ratio. let them vse meates of good iuice easy to digest, brothes of cockes, the fleshe of [Page 71] henns, chickens, birdes of mountaines. Also vse decoctions & brothes of cicers with herbs (as is) hisope, & parcely▪ let his drincke be aqua mulsa, and thinne white winne.Curatio. For the cure in this disease, except diligent speede be made by and by, the gathering together of matter causeth the ptisicke, the lounges drawing vlceration. Therefore first you must helpe the concoction of the impostume with fomentes by sponges or bladders, with cataplasmes or emplaisters, made of the meales of barley, fenugreeke, and lyne seedes, of figges, doues doung mallowes, Althaea, and a litle rosen. Also you must apply to it cerates, made of butter, ireos laurell bearyes, rewe, and other thinges, which can ripe & dissolue the impostume, whereof thou shalt find many in the chapter of Asthma before, and if the euill be not dissolued, you must apply to it, thinges that will breake the botche. The breaking of the botch is procured by lying on the hole side eating of salt meates, and these pilles giuen vnto him, when he intendeth to slepe. ℞. of the pouder of Hierapicrae Galeni. ℥.j. of the pulpe of Coloquintida. ℈.j with the iuyce of wormewood as much as is sufficient to commixe them, and make pilles, whereof let him hold one at once in his mouth. By this meanes it shall come to passe, that the sick shall couet to spit often, & so by ouermuch spitting the impostume may break. The rupture being made, you must take diligent heed, whether the matter runneth, for you must help his auoyding, for if it creepe into the belly, you must minister most of all mollifications. Yf it fall to the bladder, you must minister most those thinges which prouoke vryne. Yf the matter commeth out by a cough, then nothing is more meete to be ministred then ptisan, mixed with good hony. Also abstersiue and scouring thinges doe profit, which are partly declared in the chapter against the plurisie, and part of them shalbe spoken of in the next chapter. But you may commodiously commixe with ther meate, those thinges which prouoke vryne, howsoeuer the matter intendeth to flowe. As for the purging and driuing out of the matter, aqua mulsa decoct with ireos, and muche lycorice is maruellous profitable. Moreouer the decoction of hysope, ireos, horehound and such like is good, wherof you may seeke more in the chapter of asthma. The rest that seemeth to be necessarie for the cure of this disease, shal be spoken of in the next chapter.

CAP. XII. Of the Ptisicke. DE TABE.

PTHISIS in Greek, Tabes in latin, It is properly an exulceration of the loungs, till there followeth spitting of bloud withall.Causae. It is caused for the moste part through a sharp & gnawing humour, flowing from the head into the lounges Also it is caused through the bloud and matter that remaineth, after the brusting out of it in them that haue the pleurisie, the Peripneumonia, or Empyema. Signa. They which labour of this disease, they are knowen by wasting the whole bodie, and the fleshe. Also there nosethrilles be sharpe, there temples be sliden downe, there eyes be holowe, and there shoulders stick out like birdes winges. Moreower they cough, and be vexed with the feauer Ethicke, they breath difficultly, ther cheeke balls wexe swart, ther nailes do crooke and seem pale. Also the euil ouercomming, the belly is troubled, and thirst doth vex them more, their heere doth shedd, and that which they doe spitt out, is of a vehement stinking sauour. As for vlcers of the loungs, they are verie hard to be cured, because they cannot be purged and cleansed without the cough, and in them that cough,Looke Hippocrates in his apharip [...]e .5. the 14. & the 13. & the 11 These causes why the cura is hard. the vlcer is broken and so the euill returneth as it were by a certaine circuit. Also the loungs among the other inward members, because of respiration and breathing, are alway in mouing, and also are rent with coughing. But the vlcers, which are to be healed, would require quiet and rest. Moreouer strength of the medicines cannot come to the vlcers, before it be altered in the stomake, and in the body, in the liuer. Neuerthelesse although causes before rehersed, make the cure to seeme hard, yet we may go about to cure that vlceration. Therefore in the beginning you must ascribe to those that be ptisicke a conuenient diet after this sort, Let him dwell in a dry ayer temperat betwen heate and coldnes, let ther meat be ptysan almōd [Page 72] milcke, reere egges, flesh of the birdes of mountaines, of partriche, of phesants, of owsils, of black birdes, of hennes, of capons, of calues, of sucking kiddes. Also scalie fishes in stony waters, crabbes of the fresh riuer. But among all meates, milcke is best for them that be ptisicke, specially womans milke, after that asses milcke, & gootes milcke, which would he sucked out of the dugges, if it might be, or let it be drunke by and by after the milcking of it, while it is hote. But you must beware, that they take no meate by and by after their milcke, and specially no wine, for then it would be corrupted with it in the stomake. But if they be very much feuerous, specially of a rotē feuer, thē it is not good to take milke. Among fruites it is good to eat raysons, sweet almoundes, pyne nuttes, figges, dates, pis [...]ay. Let them eschew exercises and mouinges that be vehement. It is not vnprofitable to walke easilie before meate, and after meate, they must altogeather rest, let them vse to sleepe on nightes meanely. Let them esc [...]hw wrath and sadnes, vnmeasurable watchinges. Hunger, thirst, lecherie, hote houses, and whatsoeuer may emtie the body. Let his drinke be but small & thinne, or if his feuer be vehement, let him drinke water, wherein a litle cynnamon is sodden, or the drincke that is called Hippocras, whose making is declared in the first booke, in the chap. against the palsey. If the euill be caused through the flowing of a sharpe humour out of the head, you must begine the cure by remouing of the distillation, which we haue taught before, in his proper chapiter. Therfore now we will shewe the exulceration of the lounges,Curatio. how it is to be cured. And first for the cure therof, we must minister those thinges which haue an abstersiue and scouring vertue, & that which will cause that the matter may easily be brought vpward, for the which purpose Hydromel is specially good. And also decoction of barely with sugar and hony, also decoctions of ireos, figes, maidenheare, hisope horehound and licorace. If there come a feauer, you may commixe with the aforesaid thinges the four great cold sees. Outwardlie you must apply emplasters, and Cataplasmes made of line seed, fenugreeke and such like declared in the last chapter de Empiemate. Also for the same purpose you may seeke many remedies in the chapter against the Asthma. The lounges being clensed and purged from matter: you must minister those medicines which will glutinate and heale vp the vlcer. For this purpose conserue of roses is commended almost of all Phisitions, for this hath not onely the vertue to glutinate, but also to clense and scour, but the newer it is, the more it scoureth, & the older it is the more it glutinateth. Also these are maruelous good, bolearmony, dragons bloud, ambre, corall, purcelain seede, and such like, which haue vertue to scour and ioine together. Also these thinges are good loch de pulmone vulpis, loch è pino, conserues of consolida maior, and maidenheare. Therefore of these you may make this compound medicinne. ℞, conserues of Consolida maior, and of maidenheare ana. ℥.ss. conserus of roses. ℥.j, loch è pulmone vulpis. ʒ.j.ss. loch è pino. ʒ.ij. pouder of Diatragā canthos hos frigidum. ʒ, iij. bolearmoniacke. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of poppie as much as will suffice to commix it,Ecl [...]gma. and make a loch. Also this pouder daily ministred causeth much ease. ℞. of the seds of white poppie. ʒ.ss. gumme arabick, Amylum, and gumme tragacant. ana. ʒ.j, ss. seedes of cucumbers, citrons gourds, melons, quinces. ana. ʒ.iij. burnt Iuory, iuice of licorace. ana. ʒ.j.ss. penidies, Puluis. as much in weight as all the rest. Make a pouder, of the which minister daily euerie morning. ʒ.ij with sirup of poppy or roses. Moreouer at that time, that the wounds be you must annoint the breast without, with oile of quinces, mirtelles or roses, adding thereto sometime sumach, Hipocischidos, pomegarnet rindes, acatia, gales and such like. In the end the bodie being extenuat and wasted, it is good to restore with a conuenient diet vsing all those meats which be of good iuice, easy to digest, and nourish much, at which time also you may minister this medicine. ℞. of the pulpe of a capon. ℥.j. cockes stone, pine nuttes pistax,Morsuli refectori [...]. sweet almonds. ana. ℥.ss. of the pouder of the Antidoti de gēmis. ʒ.ss, pouder of Diarro don abbatis, dianthon, & arromaticum rosarum. ana. ℈.j. white saunders and cinamon. ana. ʒ.ss. maces. ℈.j. white suger of the finest. lb.j. dissolue, the suger in water of buglosse, and ro [...]es, and make lozenges, or an electuarie, of the which minister euery day.

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CAP. XIII. Of panting of the hart. DE CORDIS PALPITATIONE.

PALPITATIO & tremor cordis in Latin, is in English panting and trembling of the heart, it is a corrupt motion of the heart, or a stretching out of it against nature. The new sort of Phisitions do wrongfullie call it Cardiaca. It is caused of all such things as do trouble and affect the heart aboue nature (as is) euerie distempure,Causae. or the multitude of an humor contayned in the outwarde skinne that goeth about the heart, or else of swelling contrarie to nature and such like. The disease is easily known by the wordes of the patient, who doth easily feele the beating and panting.Signa. And also you may know it by the pulse: for in a hote distempure there commeth a feuer, & the pulse is swift and great, in a cold distempure, the contrarie. If plentie of an humour contayned in the vpper skinne of the heart do cause beating therof, then the pulse is soft and feble. The diet must be ordained diuerslie according to the diuersitie of causes: for in a hote distempure of the heart, the ayre ought to be meanly cold, but in a cold distempure it ought to be meanly warme: But vniuersally whatsoeuer the cause be,Victus ratio. you must eschewe any thing that doth trouble or resolue the vitall spirites, (as be) ouermuch heate, anger, hunger, watching, lecherie, vnmeasurable cold, meate of euill iuice. If aboundance of any humour contayned in the vpper skinne, that goeth about the heart, do engender panting of the hart: let his whole di [...] be extenuatiue, let their drinke in a hote distempure be thinne and small, or a iulep of violets or roses, or decoction of Buglosse. In a cold distempure they maie drinke pure wine, or other strong drinke. Those, that be vexed with beating of the hart caused of hote distempure, they must haue remedy by cold medicins, which can correct the hote distempure,Cure of [...]. & adde strength to the heart. (As these be among simples) roses, violetts▪ flours of water lillies, Saunders, Corall, Camphire, and such like. Among compounds be these, Diamargariton frigidum, diarrodon abbatis, conserues of roses, of violetts, of Buglosse, and their plantes, iuices and syrupes. Therfore of the aforesaid things there may be made potions, electuaries, and lozengs as you thinke good. Outwardly appoint ointments and emplaisters, especially epithemes, sacculi and other like, whatsoeuer is able to alter the hote distempure of the liuer.Vnguentum. And first among oyntmentes this is good, ℞. the oiles of roses, violets, and nimphea. ana. ʒ.ij. of red corall, & red saunders, & red roses, ana. ℈.j. Camphire, gr. ii. whit wax as much as is sufficient, and make an ointment, wherewith annoint the region of the harte & the backebone. Amonge epithemes, let this be especially laid to the harte. ℞. the waters of roses, sorrell, and buglosse. ana. ℥.iij. water of baume. ℥.j. pouder of the cordiall medicine. ʒ.j. red saunders, red corall. ana. ʒ.ss. purcelaine. gr. iij. saffrron. gr. iiij. commixe all together & make an epitheme.Epithema. Also amonge the sortes of drye bages this is best. ℞. floures of buglosse, violettes, red roses. ana. M.ss. all the saunders of eche. ʒ.j. red corall and white of eche. ʒ.j.ss. of pearles. ℈.j. being first poudred, put them in silke and make a Sacculus. Sacculus. Cure of distempure of the heart caused throughe cold mak [...]ng it to beate & pa [...]e. Vnguentum. But those that be aggreaued with a cold distempure of the harte to such among simple medicines, these be profitable (that is) ambre, muske, saffron, wood of aloes, storax, cloues, maces, zedoary, baulmes, and such like, among compoundes these are good: the electuary, plirisar ooticon, dianbar, dianthos, aromaticum rosarum, and such like of the which may be made kindes of medicines, like as wee did against hote distempure of the harte. For ointementes may be made after this sorte. ℞. the oiles of lillies of spike, and of saffron, ana. ʒ.ij.ss. gallia moschata, cloues. ana. ℈.j. woode of aloes. ℈.ss. maces. ℈.j. saffron. gr. iij. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment.Epithemae. Also you may make an epitheme thus. ℞. waters of balme, maioram, buglosse. ana. ℥.iiij. pouders of the electuares. diambar and diamosche; ana. ʒ.ss. maces, wood of aloes. ana. ℈.j. amber. gr. j. of the best wine. ℥.j. commixe them together, and make a epithema.Sacculus. An example of sacculus is thus. ℞. floures of balme, and buglose. ana. M.j.ss. chosen sinamon, cloues, maces. ana. ʒ.j. wood of aloes. ℈.j. barke of the citron apple. ʒ.j.ss. saffron. ℈.j. ambre. gr. j. braie all together, and make a sacculus of silcke to lay to the harte.Cure of panting of the hart caused of an humour. And if there be panting of the harte, engendred throughe some humour contained in the vpper skinne that compasseth the harte: it must be cured (as galene witnesseth) with a diet which will extenuate, and by cutting of a vaine in the arme, Therefore you must cut the inner vaine of the arme, or the [Page 74] middle veyne. And afterward one must minister and applie as well inwardly as outwardly, medicines, that haue vertue to extenuate and strength the harte by applying of ointments, and epithemes, and sacculi, and such like. Of the which thinges to make priuate exemples, wee thincke it in vaine, seeing it is easie to any man by examples now declared heere, and in other places, to make medicines for his purpose of whatsoeuer sorte he will.

CAP XIIII. Of swounding. DE SINCOPE.

SINCOPE is a swift falling of the strength (as Galen saith) it is caused through much excretion and auoyding of bloud or through vnmeasurable emptying of the belly,Causae. or vehement mouing, or through great paine, or much and oftē washinges. Also through aboundant swetts, and all other immoderate vacuations, also feare, dread, and all such like perturbations of the mind. Moreouer through abounding of crude & raw humours, through great inflāmaciō or through vicious and thinne humours, or els by taken breath in a stincking ayer. The sincope is knowen by these tokens,Signa. the pulse is rare and obscure, the extreme partes, as the hād [...] and feete be cold, swete about the face, the taking away of the brightnes of the skinne that is in it, and as it weare a palsey of the whole body. Moreouer to these ther commeth desperation, vexation of the mind, & shaking of the body. And moreouer there chaunceth sometime with the swounding of the harte,Syncope c [...]rd [...]. a vice (that is) when the harte is vehemently distempured. Also sometime it chaunceth to the stomach (that is) when humours abounding or heaped together or crude, either els sharpe and gnawing be in it: that kind of sincope is called stomachica. Syncope stomachica. They which fall in a swoun through plenty of raw humours contained in the mouth of the stomake, in such the sides are inflate and puffed vp, & the whole body seemeth to be of a greater bignes then it should naturallye be, also there colour chaungeth whyter then it was wont to do: and to conclude therbody is lyke to them that haue the dropsy; also to many ther colour waxeth swarter and blacker lyke lead, but the pulses of the senowes be least of all other, moreouer they be obscure and inequall. Those which are vexed with swoūding through aboundance of sharp humours, they feele continuall pulling, twitching and gnawing in the mouth of the stomacke. They which through thinne vices which doe swiftly exhalate and stye vp doe suffer swoūding, in them there face appeareth by and by as though it wer dead, there nose is sharp, there eyes be hollow, and such like. The other causes of Sincope are knowen by the talk of them that stand by without any great businesse. It is easie to know,Cure of swounding throughe vnmeasurable emptying. that the cure must be diuerse, according to the diuersitie of the causes. If soū ding doth inuade one through excretion and auoiding of bloud, or through anye other vnmeasurable or suddain empteing, you must sprincle there face with cold things, or with rose water, which hath a maruelouse good effect in this case. The extreame parts of the bodie, must be bound vehementlie with bandes, and must be rubbed a litle with sharp linnen clothes. If the empteing be vpward, you must rubbe the legges: if it be dounward, rubbe and bind the handes. Also cupping glasses are to be fastned lightly, diuersly, according to the places where the euacuations, or where the bloud brusteth out. Moreouer the mouth must be opened, by putting in your fingers, or a vedge, or some other thinge, but the passage of hearing, and of the noseterilles would be thrust togeather, that the aire that is breathed in, might stirre and comforte the spirits. Also it is good by and by for to consort the sprites with sundry odoraments. For as Hypocrates saieth in his booke de alimentis, there is nothing that calleth the strenght again sooner thē odoures. Therfore it is good to apply to the nose of the sicke, chikens rosted, and parted a sunder in the middest. Also roses, violettes, quinces citrons and such like be good. You must minister wine to him that is thinne, and alaied. Let the aire of the chamber be cold, but let not the chamber be verie full of light, let there counter pointes be taken away that ly vpon them, and let the couerings wherewith they be couered be soft, and strew the floore with leaues of mirtells, vynes, okes, briers, and roses thē [Page 75] selues, and sprinckle it with water.S [...]oppers of great sweties. In vnmasurable swetes annoint the sweting partes with oile of mirtells, roses, ond quinces: but specially the necke, the breast, the places vnder the arme holes and the share. For this purpose also, it is good to annointe amilum, and pouders of frankensence, mixed with the white of an egge, and other restrictiue medicines. Also you must hold to his nose diuers odoraments, as roses, saunders, quinces, flours of water lillies, & campheir, but you may not then bind the extreme partes of the body.Cure of swounding caused of paine. If sounding be caused through pain, you must diligentlie enquire the cause: for if it come of an outward cause, the ceasing of the paine cureth the swounding. But if the paine be caused of noe outward causet, hou must find out some inward cause which causeth paine, If fulnes with retching and stretching out do cause the payne by and by, if strength will suffer it, let him bloud on that veyne, that is nighest to the aggreued part, but if strength be feeble, then you must only pull it backe, or you must driue it vpward or downward or both wayes, or vse frictions. But whereas the paine is caused of vicious humours, you must rather purge it. If both the aforesaid causes come together, then you must vse euacuations both wayes: but bloud letting must first be vsed before any of them. Afterward if the corrupt humours be fastened, and do sticke fast in some only place, you must begin your cure with dissoluing and discussiue medicines. As for curing of other paines, they may be sought in their owne proper chapters, and especially in the chapter against the cholicke. Those which do swound through great sorrowe, feare, and other perturbations of the mynd,Cure of swounding by affections of the mynd. Cure of swounding throughe aboundance of crude humours. they are fully cured by vsing of there contraryes. Nether let passe to minister vnto them that do swound for great sorrowe, odoriferous thinges, & other thinges, which being taken inwardly may comfort the spirits. They which be troubled with swounding through plenty of crude humours, they may nether suffer letting of bloud nor purging; Therfore you must cure such by frictions. And you must by and by in the beginning of the euill begin, and you must rubbe the legges first from the vpper part, and so downward with linnen clothes not very softe, but somewhat sharpe: afterward likewise the armes from the shoulders to the fingers. And when all the arteries and veynes be sufficiently heat, and that ye doubt that some wearines will come to the senses through ouer much rubbing: you must vse oyle solutiue and loosing, as is oyle of dill, and chammomill, and you must beware especially of restrictiue thinges. And when thou haste annoynted the partes of the body, and rubbed them well, then you must come to the bone, and that you must likewise first rubbe with a linnen cloth, and then with oyle: from that you, must go againe to the legges, and then to the armes, and so againe to the backe, and so you must do all, and that in a bright chamber without moisture, whose ayre must be temperat. Moreouer mulsa, wherein hysope is sodden is most meete for them; and you must beware that you minister not to them, nether meate, nor brothes, nor water, nor to suffer him to drincke liberally, but only mulsa the three first dayes, and to rubbe him by course continually, graunting him only but time to sleepe, which must be in a meane. But if there pulse be very small and feeble, or also besides that wonderfull inequall, you may know that there is extreme perill: but yet you must do as it is taught before, and go about none other thinge. But if the pulse be indifferently strong and great, and be not cut of, nor thrust together, then you must consider the state of the belly, and if it do not auoid ordure sufficiently of it selfe, you may poure in somwhat boldly beneath. For it chaunceth after the taking of aqua mulsa, that the superfluities which are wont to be gathered in the principal veynes (that is) they which be about the liuer, and the bowell which ioyneth with the midrife vnto the backe, by that thing, they are well cast out. And if a heape of superfluities do violentlye prouoke the belly aboue reason, first you must seeth your mulsa more higher, for so it doth make the belly lesse soluble, & it nourisheth more. After this, if the superfluities do discend more largely, the belly may not be stopped so, but you must minister for aqua mulsa, the iuyce of ptisan. And if they continew still to flow, nourish him with soupinges of alica, taking heed to the working of the pulses in the meane season: for sometime they are chaunged to imbecillitie, or vnequalnes or smalnes. At which time it is good to minister bread infused in wyne, & that, if nether the belly nor the liuer be troubled with an impostume; for if they be vexed with it,P [...]leg [...]e [...]. (the body being stuffed with crude and rawe iuyces) the sicke is desperate of al health. Therfore in such a case, of the sicke, thou shewest thy selfe without blame, if thou say before that [Page 76] he will dye, and vse no better medicines. But if there be at any time found aboundance of clammy humours, by and by minister Oximel in steed of mulsa. Therefore if it be Sommer, and the sicke vsed to cold potions, giue him the Oximel colde. but if it be winter, minister it hote. Also these thinges are verie euill for them, as well bathinges, as also the open ayer, as often,Cure of swounding now present. Phleg [...]. as it is ouer hote or ouer colde. But if thou art called to them, which be presently vexed with swounding, where the belly and the liuer be without impostumation, thou shalt minister a litle bread, and that with some wyne, because it causeth swift distribution into other partes of the body, and thou shalt come straight to frictions and rubbinges, and thou shalt do according to the order before prescribed. Bu if it be Sommer, or the Region naturally hote and burning, or the state of the heauen vehemently hote: thou shalt alay the wine with cold water, but if there be no such thing, with hote. But the drincke that shalbe giuen the second & third time, thou shalt minister it altogether hote. For in the whole cure, where we vse frictions, heate is best, as a helper of the concoction of crude humours. But to those which haue swounding caused of choler, which troubled the mouth of the stomake, to them you must minister cold potions. But yet it is good to minister to all that haue the syncope, wyne, that is hote by nature, yelowish in colour, thinne in substance, cold, and that which prouoketh distribution in the body: for we woulde haue the food that is receiued, to be distributed about the body, and not to tary in the stomake. They that are vexed with swounding through vice of thinne humours,Cure of syncope caused of thinne humours. those you must empty by little & little, & continually, because that they cānot suffer much emptying at once, those also we must nourish by little and litle, and often, the outward part of the skin must be thickened: and you must make the ayer of the chamber cold and restrictiue. Also you must annoint them with restrictiue medicines and oyntmentes. and you must giue them meates, that do not readilie disperse & flow: therfore giue nether aqua mulsa, nor ptisan, but bread and soupinges of alica, & soure fruictes, which will not easilie be corrupted. You shall also giue sometime to them egges, specially ther yolkes, for their whites be hard to digest. Moreouer the stones of cockes, which be nourished with milke. Also swynes brayne, but let it ether be diligently rosted, or well sodden in water with leekes, and dill. To conclude you must labour by all meanes, that you maye make the substance of the iuices more thicke, and thicken the skin, and to stoppe the exhalations. Watery wyne is necessarie to them after meate in the beginning of sicknes. And if all follow your mynd, you may also after other thinges giue him nourishment by flesh, specially after the fourth day,Cure of swounding throughe inflammation. (the iuices comming now to concoction.) If swounding come through vehement inflammation, the members and partes of the body are to be rubbed and nourished, and the handes and feete must be bound. You must commaūd him to watch, because the bloud in slepe crepeth to the inward members. You must driue them cleane from meat and drincke.Cure of swounding throughe humours in the stomake. Whosoeuer haue the syncope, through vicious humours gnawing the mouth of the stomake, they must be cured by prouoking of vomyt: or if that take no place to moue the belly, do other thinges which be expounded in the chapiter of paine in the stomake. They that begin to swound in a Bath, you must bring them quickly out, nor you may not moisten thē with much pouring in of water. They that be already in a swound, they must be caryed out very quickly, and the rest of the body must be couered with a light couering. Let the face be weat with a sponge, dipped in cold water, or sprincle it with rose water. Also the face, the stomach, the feete must be rubbed. Also the mouth must be opened by putting in of quilles or ones finger. And you must go about by all meanes that the humours that causeth the swounding, may be vomyted out, by pouring in of warme water in at the mouth. They that be of perfect age, pull of their heares, and the loud calling of one is profitable, but many at once is hurtfull.

CAP. XV. Of lacke of milke. DE LACTIS DEFECTV.

[Page 77] THE want of milke, doth chaunce through dry distempure of the pappes, or of the whole body. Also through small quantity of good bloud,Causae. or because the child is so weake, that he can not sucke well of the pappes: for looke, the more that he draweth out by sucking of thē the more draweth to thē again.Signa. The tokens whereby the diuersities of causes are knowē, are euidēt enough by things before spokē, but yet I will reherse thē again. A dry distempure is knowen by the disposition of the whole bodie, & by leannesse & drines of the body & pappes & such like. Smal quātity of good blood is knowen by the ill state of the body, and by the euill coloure of it. Also vnmeasurable euacuations comming out of the body before, (that is to say) by menstruis, by fluxes, by extreeme exercyses, by hunger, and such like. For the cure of lacking of milcke,Cure of lacke of [...] in a dis [...]empure. which is caused of a drye distempure, we will teache nothing in this place. because it maye easilie be cured by that which is declared before in other chapters, and shall also be declared afterward in the chapitre against the feauer Ethicke. Therfore here we will only treate of the cure of lacke of milcke, caused of the little quantity of good bloud. [...] In this cure first you must behould the bloud: for ether there is lesse then ther ought to be, or it is worse then it should be. Therfore when there is lesse then there should be, a dyet must be assigned with moist and heat meanly, for whatsoeuer doth heate more then is conuenient,Victus ratio. ether els do dry or coole those partly by corrupting the bloud that remaineth, and partly by diminishing of it, they do forbid the milke to come. Therefore it is good to giue them pure bread, milcke, veale, chickens, partriches, byrdes, rere egges, fishes scaly, & stony raysons, sweet almounds, lettuse, buglosse, baulme, gourdes, and such like. They must drincke wyne, that is thinne and watery, they must eschewe immoderate exercises, anger, sorrowe, and all thinge, that may deminishe the bloud. But if the bloud be worse, (as if it be cholericke) first purging of the cholericke humours is requisite, and then vse the dyet before prescribed, but if it be flegmaticke bloud, it requireth medicines that do heate in the first or second degree, but they may not dry vp, for such by heating of the flegmaticke humours do turne them into bloud: but among such the strongest be, which are not only medicines, but also nourishments, (as is) rockat, fennell, dill, percely, and those thinges greene before they be dryed for being dryed,Euill bloud. they do heat, and dry more then they ought to do. And those thinges which doe drye, they make the humour which seedeth the bloud, the more grosse, and more small in quantity. The bloud ought to be meanely hote: & not grosse, that the milke may be engēdred therof. Moreouer those things that do meanly heate, and haue no great drynes ioyned with it, they haue vertue to engender milcke: among which beside those which are spoken of before, is Sesamum boyled in wyne. Also freshe butter, the weight of one once droncke with wyne. Also sweete almoundes, pistax, pyne nuttes beaten, and eaten with butter. Also this thing is specially praysed. ℞. Ryce, tenn times washed and dryed againe, & beate it to pouder, then seeth it in good milcke vpon burning coales, whyle it doth seethe, put to as much of white Sugar as is sufficiēt, & make a potage. It is made the better, if you adde to it sweet almounds, pistax, pyne nuttes, barely meale, cycers, & such like: but you must labour also, that by gentle rubbing of the breast, & by whote medicines, which haue ane attractiue vertue, the milke may be drawen, and entysed to the pappes.

CAP. XVI. Of aboundance of milke. DE LACTIS REDVNDANTIA.

IT chaunceth sometime that through aboundance of milke, the pappes are so filled and swollen, and so stretched out with it, that they are scarse able to hold the aboundance of it.Causae. It is caused through aboundance of good blood The euill is knowen by sight and feeling. You must help this by and by,Signa. for els it is to be feared; lest the pappes be taken with Inflammation. Therefore a [...] the beginning cut the veine of the arme, or the middell veine which is in the arme.Curatio. After that, vse those thinges, which doe lightly represse and driue backe, lest that the bloud be [Page 78] thrust into the loungs by a certain violence. For this purpose it is good to apply a soft spōge dipped in warme Posca, Posca is vineger and water mixed together and wyne & water and to bind it with bands to the pappes, or apply dates braied with bread & Posca. Also it is good to applie an emplaister made of oile of roses, of saunders, Corianders, Psillium, purcelain, bean meale, lintels, iuice of plantain, and of vinigre after this sorte. ℞. of beane meale and of lintells. ana. ℥.j. seed of purcelain. ʒ.j. seedes of flaxe and Althaea. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. of plaintain. M.j. seede of Coriander. ʒ.ij. boile them altogeather in water, vntill it come to the thicknes of hony, after that, put to it oile of roses. ℥.j.ss. boile thē againe and add thereto the yolkes of two egges, and make an emplaister, or make a cerate after this sorte.Emplastrum. ℞. of the oile of roses and mirtells. ana. ℥.j.ss. the meales of beanes and lintels. ana. ʒ.j.ss. of mintes and rew. ana. ʒ.ss. with waxe,Cera [...]. and venice turpenteine, as much as is sufficient, and make a cerate to apply to the pappes. Also wild rapes do profit maruelously being annointed with water and hony. Moreouer the leaues of cherua annointed with the iuice of greene parcely is very profitable. Moreouer the stone pyrites poudred and applied with oile of roses and vineger, doth show a maruelous effect against aboundance of milcke And let ther whole diet be such, that therby but litle bloud may be engendred. Therefore hunger in this euill aboue other things is maruelous good.

CAP XVII. Of milke that is curded. DE LACTE IN GRVMOS CONVERSO.

MANIE times the milke curdeth in the pappes, and turneth into the forme of cheese curdes.Causae. It is caused through aboundance of milke (that is) when it is kept long time together on heapes in the pappes, and is not sucked out. It is caused also of a hoate distempure, when that, through ouermuch heate, the thinne parte of the milcke is digested and dissolued, and the rest groweth together, and turneth into curdes. Also the like may chaunce of colde, which may cause milke to curde and congeale as well as other licours. Also sometime milcke of his owne nature is grosse and clammy inough, and for that cause doth easily turne to curdes. There neede noe tokens to know this euill:Signa. for it is knowen by & by, both by touching and by the patientes wordes.Victus ratio. The diet in this euill is diuerse according to the diuersities of causes. For in a hoate distempure of the pappes, let the diet decline to cold thinges, but in a cold distempure contrariwise to hoate thinges. If this euill come through grossenes of the milke, shee must vse altogether an extenuate diet.Curatio. For the cure, if ther be aboundance of milke, not being as yet curded in the pappes in them that be of lawfull age, and being skilfull women, let it be easily sucked out by litle and litle. Let the pappes be outwardly annointed with iuice of grene parcely, mintes, fenugreeke, & other thinges rehearsed before in the chaptre of aboundance of milcke. Also the creame of a hare beaten with water, if it be annointed, is good against all swellinges of the pappes, specially caused of the corrupt aboundaunce of milcke. Also lintels sodden in bryne is maruelous good, if the pappes be washed with the decoction, and annointed with the lintles being stamped. Also the decoction of fenugreeke and althaea doth great pleasure. But if ouermuch heate doeth cause the milcke to curd in the pappes: then annoint them with iuice of purcelaine, and gardeyn nightshade. Also apply oyle of roses with vinegre. Also mouseare annointed is of good effect. Also the earth called cimolia annointed with vinegre or with water and oile of roses doth good. Moreouer lintels sodden in vinegre and applied as is aforesaid, against cold distempure of the pappes. Vse decoctions of chammomill, fennell, dill, line seede, and fenugreeke, and there with foment the pappes. Also annoint them with oiles of chammomill, dill, lillies, and such like, but beware they touch not the nipple. Oxes gall annointed is good. Crummes of bread are good with vinegre annointed, But you may put to it mintes or parcely, and make the medicine the stronger. This plaster is excellent good. ℞. of hony. ℥.ss. of storax calamitae. ʒ.iij. of oxes gall. ʒ.ij. of oile of chammomill. ℥.ij. mirrhe and frankensence, ana. ℥.ij.ss. commixe them together, and make an emplaister to lay on the pappes.

[Page 79]

CAP. XVIII. Of inflammacion of the pappes. DE INFLAMMATIONE MAMMARVM.

IT is caused sometime, (as other inflammations be) of plenty of hote bloud flowing to the pappes.Causae. Also sometime through milke (that is) when it turneth to suppuration and matter. The aforesaid causes are easie to discerne a sunder: For the first cause of inflammation chaunceth to them that be not with child, nor brought in bed: the other cause chaunceth only to such. For the cure in the first cause you must see bloud drawen from the inward veyne of the arme,Curatio. or the middle veyne on the same side, vnlesse the menstruis be stopped: for then it were better to cut the veyne of the hamme or anckle. After this you must come to restrictiue medicines,Venae sectio. which may not be strong, lest that the humours doe violently thrust inwardly to the noble partes of the body, or els you may mixe with them some discussiue thinges. Therefore for that purpose it is very good to take oyle of roses, with the iuice or water af nightshade vineger, and the decoction of chammomill. In this dippe and wett linnen cloathes, and applye it to the pappes. Also an emplaister made of Barely meale, lyne sead, Saunders, Bolearmoniake, greace and oyle of roses are good.Emplastrum. And if the Phisition doeth see that repercussiue medicines do not much good, he must straight proceed to my Booke of the cure of impostumes in the Breastes. But if inflammation be caused of curded milke, in the beginning you must apply a soft sponge dipped in warme posca, and bind it to it. Also apply dates brayd with bread and posca. Also apply crummes of bread with mirrhe, saffron, and mintes, and such like. But if the inflammation endure still, proceed to the chapter of impostumes in the breastes, as hereafter shall proceede.

Libri Secundi Finis.

The Third Booke.

CAP I. Of weaknes of the stomake. DE IMBECILLITATE ƲENTRICVLI.

WEAKNES of the stomache is sometime caused through distempure of the effectrix and working qualities without any flowing of humours. For as Galene sayeth in lib. 3. de simplic. causis. cap. 10.Causae. All vehement distempure doeth ouerthrowe and cast down the strength. Also sometime it is caused of an humour, being conteyned in the bosome, and large space of the stomach, which hath power and vertue ether to heate, or coole, or to moisten, or drye, or two of these qualities mixt together. sometime it is caused of an humour,Signa. stuffed and drowned, in the filmes, and cotes of the stomach. Vehement thirst, abhorring of meat, and sauoring belkinges do betoken distempure only of a hote quality. Contrarywise litle thirst, [Page 80] vnmeasurable appetite, and soure belkings betoken distempure of a cold quality. And to be short, if the stomach be grieued with hote or cold distempure, it chaungeth the meates that be eaten into the nature of the distempure, so that the meates may be perceiued to be chaunged into the sauour of rosting or sourenes without the commixing of any humour. Moreouer if the distempure be hote, you shall see the patient by and by eased with taking of medicines, or meates, or drinckes that be cold. But if the distempure be cold, the patient feeleth ease in hote meates or medicines, but he feeleth hurt with cold thinges. In a moist distempure, the patient feeleth no thirst, or very litle, he hath aboundance of spitle, & doeth desire moist meates. In a dry distempure there is drynes of the tongue, extenuation of the body, litle spitle, and vehement thirst. Moreouer vomiting and desire therto, heauines of the stomach, and belking specially after meat, betoken aboundance of naughtie and corrupt humours. And if yelow colour do abound, ther followeth bitternes of the mouth. vomiting vp of choler, thirst, belkinges, with sauour rosted, and gnawing of the stomach: but if fleume do abound, it doeth cause no gnawing in the stomach, vnlesse it be salt fleume: ther are present sour belkinges, no thirst and stretching out of the stomach. If melancholy abound, it causeth sadnes & feare, stincking belkinges & spittinges, & sauor of fishe, sleepe with fittes of strange imaginations, contraction & paine of the hammes, and calfes of the legges. Euery distempure is corrected and amended by his contrary.Curatio. Therefore you must coole a hote distempure, and heat a cold distempure: also moisten a dry, and dry a moist distempure: likewise must you do in compound distempures, ether heat and dry, or heat and moisten, or els coole and moisten,Cure of a hote distempure. or coole and dry. Those that be vexed with hote distempure of the stomach, are cured with a cooling dyet, but specially if they take cold thinges with vineger. Therefore let there bread be mixed or dipped in posca. For flesh let him vse chickens, partrich,Posca is a sauce made with vineger and water. veale sodden with vineger or veriuyce. For potherbes, lettuce, and purcelaine are verye good. Also apples and sharpe peares. The sicke must drincke small Ale or Beere, if he hath bene vsed to it, bu [...] if not, let him drincke the decoction of cinnamom, or wyne, that is thinne & watery. You must apply & lay vpō the stomach outwardly such medicines as do meanly restraine and coole. They which be vexed with a cold distempure of the stomach, you must heale them with the contraries to the oforesaid thinges,Cold distempure. with the decoction of Anise seede, rewe, and percely seede. Let the meates which they eate be condyte and dressed with Cynnamon, calamus aromaticus, cloues, pepper, and such like adoramentes. Also giue vnto them Diatrionpipercon, diacalaminthes, and theriaca. Annoint the stomach outwardlye with those ointmentes, which haue power to heat, and let them vse to drincke that is old, & somewhat astringent.Moist distempure. Drye distempure. Cure of weaknes of the stomake caused of an humour. Choler. A moist distempure is helped with meates that do dry, without any strong heat or coldnes. Moreouer vsing of lesse drinck then he is accustomed to do. A dry distempure must be cured as the feuer Ethicke is cured, of which we will treate in the fourth booke. But if some humour hauing power to heate, or coole, do cause weaknes of the stomach, you must marke and consider diligently whether that humour do swimme in the bosome, and largenes of the stomach, or whether it be stuffed in the filmes and cotes of the stomach. If the humour be contained in the bosome of the stomach, and be a cholericke humour, it must be purped straight by vomit, warme water or thinne mulsa dronken doth cause an easie vomyt. It will be better if you minister before it thinges that do moisten, as is the broth of Ptisan, or els the yolke of an egge. But if the cholerike humour be stuffed in the filmes of the stomach, purge him with Hierapicra, for as Galene sayth, ther can no better medicine be found against vicious humours, being stuffed in the filmes of the stomach. The humour being purged,Victus ratio. let them vse the same dyet, that they do which are vexed with a hote distempure, as is taught before. Minister within the body conserues, which haue vertue to coole and moist. Also minister electuaries hauing like vertues. Apply outwardly to the stomake thinges that do coole, and meanly restraine, as is oyle of Roses, oyle of Quinces, putting to saunders, balaustie, corall, and purcelaine. But yet vse thinges that doe coole in a meane according to the contrarietie of the distempure. For ouermuche vse of cold thinges doeth not only not proffit, but also oftentimes it causeth an incurable disease: because of the great heat that is requisite for concoction and digestion.Fleume. If humours being flegmaticke, grosse and toughe, do swimme in the bredth of the stomache, he must vse oximell, wherein hath beene sodden [Page 81] medicines which haue vertue to extenuat and cut (as is) hysope, the roote of ireos, origan, sauory and horehound. But if the flegmatike humours be drowned in the filmes and cootes of the stomache, then first you must minister those things which do cu [...] & deuide clammy humours and grosse fleume, but afterward you must purge him. If you will know what medicines do purge tough fleume, looke before in the first boke. cap. 12. Also Hierapicra is no: vnprofitable to purge grosse humours. Let him also vse a dyet which doeth extenuate: and let him vse electuaries that do heate, as diatrionpipereon, diagalanges, diacinnamomum, diambar, Dyet. ginger condyte, diacorus, and such like. Apply outwardly to the stomach things that do heat as is oyle of nardinum, oyle of myntes, oyle of wormewood, and oile of masticke, and other thinges hauing the like vertue. For this purpose also Cerotes are commended, which the Phisitions commonly do call scutum stomachale, such as this is. ℞. cinnamon chosen, cloues.Scutum stomachi. long pepper. ana. ʒ.j. galliae moschatae, maces, ana. ʒ.ss. calamus aromaticus, franckensence. ana. ʒ.j.ss. wood of aloes, ℈.j. sowen mintes, ʒ.ij. masticke, lapdanum, ana. ʒ.ij. oiles of masticke, & narde. ana. ℥.ss. with wax and turpentine, as much as will suffice, make a cerote to laye vpon the stomach, and couer it with purple silcke. Or vse this medicine. ℞. masticke beaten to powder. ℥.j.ss. then strew it vpon leather being cut like a buckler,Aliud. and powre vpon it oleum nardinum, then hold it to the fire till it be molten together, and strewe vpon it chosen cinnamon, nutmegges, and cloues. ana. ʒ.j. beaten into pouder, and apply it to the stomach. [...] To be short, these and other thinges, which do strengthen and heat the stomach, are to be applied (as is) mintes, wormewood, franckensence, masticke, cinamon, galingale, ginger, maces, wood of aloes, calamus adoratus, and such like rehersed in our first booke of making medicines, of which one may make diuerse kindes of remedies as he seeth cause.

CAP II. Of yealking and vomiting. DE NAVSEA ET VOMITV.

DISPOSITION to vomite (called Nausea) which is a naughty and wicked motion of the expulsiue vertue of the stomach.Causae [...]. It is caused of a vicious humour conteyned in the stomach, being ether hote or cold, which humour ether swimmeth in the concauity and hollownes of the stomach, or it is stuffed in the filmes of the stomach, cleauing like birdlyme, and can scarce be drawē away: or the humour being more watery, it is drowned in the cotes of the stomach, like water in a sponge. And such humours are oftentimes engendred through distempure of the stomach aswell hote as cold: somtime such humours do flow from the whole body, or from other partes (being first euill affected) into the stomach as it were the excrementes: as from the liuer or the splene, or the head, or from the whole body. If those humours be engendrrd through the distempure, you may easilie perceaue it by the signes declared in the last chapter before this. But whether that humour swimme in the hollownes of the stomach,Signa. or be stuffed in his cotes, thus shalt thou know it. If the vicious humour doeth swimme in the stomach, and cause nausea (that is) disposition to vomite, then for the most part vomiting followeth, & the stomach corupting the meates, it doth manifestly infect it with that humour, and chaungeth it into his nature: but if a tough humour be drowned in the cotes of the stomach, it causeth disposition to vomit, but yet such a disposition, as bringeth forth nothinge, although the patient doeth prouoke and straine him selfe as though he could vomit: but if that humour be watery and wheish, then it causeth vomiting, not only before meat, but also after meat, and specially if that humour swimme in the breadth of the stomach: for if it be stuffed and cleaue to the toppe of the stomache, it doeth moue vomiting without bringing any thing vp before meate: but when other partes (from which do flow excrementes into the stomach) be euill affected, the sicke himselfe doeth first feele the griefe of the member that is diseased: for ether he feeleth heat, or cold, or heauines nigh about the place that is diseased, or also he cannot suffer to let the place be touched hard. But if the whole body be full of vicious humours, you may know that by the colour, and by breaking out of wheales [Page 82] and pushes in the skinne,Curatio Nausea. and also by the vryne you may discerne it. For the cure, you must diligently consider which grief it is, whether it be a disease caused only of the stomach, or of the whole body, or of some other member. For if humours do flow into the stomach from some other member, or from the whole body; you must first take care for the whole body, or for that member that is diseased, but yet you may not neglect the stomach altogether. For vnlesse the whole body be first purged of vicious humours, he laboureth in vaine that goeth about to resist the flowing of humours into some one place. So also he that doth cure the member that is first diseased, he cutteth of as it were the fountaine of all flowinges into the stomach. Yf you will knowe how those members are to be cured that doe send excrementes into the stomach, you must learne that in ther proper chapters before or after. But if humours be ingendred in the stomach causing disposition to vomit, you must marke whether those humours be thinne, cholericke and wheyishe, and being contained in the hollownes of the stomach, for then you must giue him very thinn iuice of ptisan, or hote water, and the sicke must prouoke vomit with his finger, or with a feather being put downe into his throte. But if the humours be stuffed within vpon the top of the stomach, you must minister one drachme of aloes to drincke being dissolued in water. For against hote humours which be in the stomach, Aloes is the best medicine, so that often it hath healed euil stomaches in one day. After rhe humours be purged and other medicines ministred, which doe stoppe or make temperate the sharpnes of Choler, then you must cure the hote distempure of the stomach, as is taught in the last chapter before this. If they be flegmaticke, grosse and tough humours which do swimme in the breadth of the stomach, you must cure them after that sort that is taught of vs in the former chapter, and then you must get away the cold distempure of the stomach,Of vomyting. as is afore taught. Now, for vomiting you must note that in the beginning it ought not to be stopped,1. [...]. 2. if the sicke be the better for it, according to Hippocrates saying. In vomiting which commeth by it selfe, if such thinges be purged as ought to be, it is good and may be suffered, but if not, so then the contrarywise it is euil. Therefore you may not stoppe that vomit which is decretory, or where humours do flowe from the whole body into the stomach, or when humours be engendred in the stomach through distempure. But then you must rather help the motion of the expulsiue vertue in a hote cause by ministring hote water with oyle of violettes to drincke: but in a cold cause minister oximell and other thinges before rehearsed.Cure of immoderate vomyting. But if the vomiting be immoderate and do begin to weaken the strength of the sicke, then you must go about to stoppe and resttaine it. Therfore first let the sicke ly vpward in a conuenient house, and contrarie to the disease (that is) let the house be cold, if the disease be hote, and contrariewyse let it be hote, if the disease be cold, let the extreme parts of the body be rubbed, and let them be fealt with warme hands, and also bynd them strongly with bandes, also put the feete and handes in luke warme water. Also hold adoramentes of good sauour to the nose for to smell, as roses, quinces, penyroyall, myntes, fennell, spickenarde. Annoynt the stomach outwardly with oyles of wormewood and roses. Emplaisters made of Dates, quinces, and wormewood be good. Also Cerates made of them and such like as myntes, darnell meale, franckensence, masticke be good being laid vpon the stomach. Also you must stampe well dates that haue beene steeped in old wine, afterward you must put to it masticke and franckensence, ech of them finely powdred by it selfe afore, and then bray them together. To this place also you must call the remedies, that are spoken of hereafter, partlie in the chapter of cholera, and partly in the chapter of the fluxe dysemeria. Furthermore that euill continuing long, if the meate cannot tary in the stomach, you must fasten a cupping glasse to the mouth of the stomache with great flame, vntill the place waxe red: and you must giue the patient meate, while the glasse hangeth on still.

CAP III. Of immoderate thirst. DE SITI IMMENSA:

[Page 83] THIRST, as Galene witnesseth in lib. 1. de simpli. med. facultate, cap. 30. is caused two maner of wayes: partly through want of moisture, and partly through aboundance of heat. The stomach is heat many & sundry wayes,Caus [...]. that is ether through hote distempure of the bare quality simple or compound, or through hote and cholericke humours engendred in the stomach, or els flowing to it. Also through aboundant drincking of old wyne. The stomach is dryed ether throughe the drye distempure that is in it, or through salt humours, or drincking of salt water. Also often times it is dryed through consent of the whole body, as it chaunceth in burning feauers and feauer Ethickes. The diuersitie of causes may easilie be knowen by the patients wordes,Signa. and by those signes which we haue spoken of in the 2. chapter next before. Therefore the cause being knowen, you must remedy ech of them according to ther causes diuerslie.Curatio. Therefore you must remedie thirst comming of heat, by ministring thinges that doe coole. Therefore both the drawing in of cold ayer, and water or watery wyne being droncken are good. Also Cucumberseed chewed, or if it be hulled and beaten, and druncken with water, it helpeth greatly against thirst engēdred through heat of the stomach. Likewyse lettuce seed chewed and droncke profiteth. Also purcelaine seed likewyse. The best thing to quench thirst is this. ℞. of the seedes of sowen Cucumbers husked. ℥.j. tragacanthae. ℥.ss. bray tragacantham and serce it, and beat the seedes, and put those pouders to the whytes of egges being rawe,Pilles to hold vnder the tongue. and beating them altogether, make pilles and dry them in the shadow. Of these pilles minister one at once to be hold vnder the tongue, that it may dissolue by little and little, and so be swallowed. They that haue had burning and heat in the stomach long time, the iuyce of the sweete roote being droncke, doth help them, & also the roote it selfe with water and the iuyce of purselaine. But those which are vexed with thirst caused of heat and drynes, as it chaunceth in all burning and very dry feauers, and to those which labour in sommer, or in great heat,Oxycratum seu pos [...]a. such are best [...]ealed with oxycratū (that is) a drincke made with vineger & water sodden together. For vineger doth coole mightely, and doth perce to euery place quickly, and the water besides the coolenes that it hath, it is moistest of any thing: for nothing (as Galen sayeth in the place before rehersed) is moister then water. Also the thirst which engēdreth in feauers, may be mitigated in sprinckling the head with the coldest oyles, as oyle of roses being sprinckled aloft on the fore part of the head. Also the best remedie for drynes is sleepe, where heat & moisture, ar commixt together, as it chaunceth in that kind of dropsy, in which plenty of salt humours be heaped in the stomach and belly, or in those which haue their stomach stuffed with salt fleume, then vineger is the best remedie. It is also good for them to soupe the iuyce of quinces or peares, or veriuyce with water. If humours cholericke or salt swimming in the stomach, or drowned & stuffed in it do prouoke thirst, thē you must minister medicines which can purge out those humours. Afterward you must vse medicines which do restraine and comfort the stomach and strengthen it, Examples wherof you must seeke before. They which thirst through drincking of much old wyne, are holpen with drinking of cold water and other thinges rehersed in lib. 1. cap. 14.

CAP. IIII. Of payne in the stomache. DE DOLORE STOMACHI.

PAINE of the stomach is caused when naughty venemous and gnawing humours be kept in the stomach,Causae. [...] Signa. wherby it chaunceth that through intollerable gnawing they cause swounding, which they call stomachica. The disease is knowen by the cōtinuall pricking and gnawing of the mouth of the stomach. In this euill you must giue him meates that do coole, and which may bringe strength to the stomach (as is) lettuce and purcelaine taken with vineger.Dyet. Also pomegranates, and Orenges, peares, sharpe grapes, and such like. Also bread being steeped in very cold water is good. Also let his other meates be such that will easily digest, and yet not easy to corrupt (as be) chickens, partrich, birdes of moūtaines, & such like sodden with veriuice. [Page 84] Also fishes bred among stones, sodden with vineger, limons, and the sharp iuyce of Cytrons. Lykewise let the sicke drincke water wherein hath bene sodden a litle cynamon, or giue him thinn waterie wyne.Curatio. For the cure in the beginning you must prouoke vomit by the remedies aforesaid. Then after that also he must purge downeward, by Hierapicra takinge. Which thinges being done, you must vse remedies to strengthen the stomach both inwardly and outwardly, as is taught in the 2. chap. and in other places also.

CAP. V. Of inflammation of the stomach. DE INFLAMMATIONE VENTRICVLI.

Causae. INFLAMMATION of the stomach is caused no otherwise then the inflammation of other partes of the body (that is to say) through the flowing together of aboundance of hote bloud.Signa. Signes hereof, is exceeding great paine continually, which cannot be mitigated with any medicines that be applyed to it. Moreouer there is swelling and burning which you may feele. Alsoe a feauer,Victus ratio. heauines, and appetite to meate. The dyet (like as it is in other inflammations) must be thinne, small, and exquisite. Therfore he must vse iuyce of ptisan: and he must abstaine from flesh, and wyne, and from other hote meates. Let the sicke drincke water, wherin hath bene sodden a litle cynnamon, or iuice of soure pomegarnates, or of some other fruict that is cold and restringent. Let him sleepe litle, and let him not talke much. Let him eschewe as much as he can sadnes,Curatio. and let him remaine in an ayer meanly cold. You must beginne the cure with letting of bloud, if there be fulnes of the whole body, and strēgth of the sicke. You must cut the inward veyne of the arme, and you must draw bloud according to the strength of the patient. After this you must applye outwardly those thinges that do represse and restraine, specially vpon the place where the paine and swelling do most appeare. For the stomach, speciallie the mouth of it, hath euer need of the commixing of those thinges that do restraine, but most of all when it hath an inflammation. Therfore those which do attempt the cure with loosening remedies onlie, without the commixing of those thinges that doe strengthen the stomach, they cause perill of death. Therfore alwayes whether it be an oyle that the inflamed member be nourished withall, or a soft plaister laid vpon that member, you must commixe some restringent thing with them. Therefore for this purpose it is good to applie to it oile wherein wormewood or quinces hath bene sodden, commixed together with masticke; Also the iuice of quinces, or peares, putting to it red roses, barley meale, saunders,Ceramen. bole armoniacke, and such like. Also you may vse this cerate. ℞. barly meale. ℥.ss. white saunders, and red roses. ana. ʒ.ij. bole armoniacke. ʒ.j.ss. aloes, masticke. ana. ʒ.j. wormewood nutmegges, balaustiae. ana. ʒ.ss. oiles of masticke, and roses. ana. ℥.j.ss. with waxe & turpentine as much as is sufficient, make a cerot to lay vpon the stomach. But if there be neede of great restriction (as it chaunceth then, when the stomach is so weake that it cannot holde and retaine meate) you may commixe with the said thinges veriuice, or iuice of wormewood, or hipocischidos, & sumach, and such like. All these thinges. if the inflammation be vehement, must be applied to the griefe cold. And if the bellie doth send forth nothing, you must prouoke it with easie clysters. Nor he worketh vnwiselie, that doth minister. ℥.ss. of casia fistula dissolued in endiuē water, after that the burning heat is somewhat abated. Also at that time you may commixe with the restrictiue medicines, which you apply outwardlie, many things that do discusse and dissolue (as is) fenugreeke meale, floures of chammomill, and Althee, & lineseed; you must neuer (as we warned you before, noe not at that time, when ther floweth no more to the griefe, & that cannot be driuen backe, which is conteined in the diseased member) you must nor I say at that time, nether vse only loosening medicines, or only dissoluing medicines: but alwayes you must commixe with them restrictiue thinges which haue power to preserue and keepe the strength of the stomach. Therefore at that time you must vse this emplaister.Emplastri [...]. ℞. the meale of lyneseed and fenugreeke. ana. ℥.ss, seed of dill. ʒ.ij. flours of chāmomill & melilote. ana. ℥.ss. wormewood, balaustie, red roses. ana. ℥.ij. hypocischidis. [Page 85] ℈.ij. oyles of Chammomill, lillies, roses, masticke, ana. ℥.ss. hennes greace, and goose grease, ana. ʒ.ij. commixe them all together, and make an emplaister. But before it be applied, it is not in vaine to annoint the stomach with this oyntment. ℞. oyles of Cammomil, dill, and quinces, ana. ʒ.iij. pouder of the roote of Althoea, wormwood,Vnguentum. lineseede. ana. ℈.j. waxe sufficient, make an oyntment.

CAP VI. Of abhorring of meate. DE CIBI FASTIDIO.

ABHORRING of meate, or loosing of appetite doeth chaunce either through loosing of the sense of sucking of the veynes, which is naturall hunger,Causae. as Galen witnesseth libro primo, de sympt. causis. cap. 7. or because there is no sucking out, or because the bodie is not emptied. Also sometime it chaunceth through some hote distempure, speciallie of the stomach, which distempure doth dissolue the hard and sound members by loosing of them, and maketh them weaker in drawing: but the moist members, it stretcheth out vnmeasurablie by shedding. Sometime it is caused through aboundance of vicious humours conteyned in the stomach: & through immoderate flux of the belly and bowelles: also through ouermuch bloudletting. Also the sicke doth abhorre meate in continuall and vehement feuers, also in inflammacions of the stomach, the liuer and the matrice, and for many other causes which neede not to bee rehearsed here. The signes which betoken a hote distempure,Signa. are rehearsed before in the first chapter. Those which abhorre meate, through the vice of cholericke humours, are troubled with gnawinge of the stomach, and with appetite to vomite, and with thirst. Those that haue humours that be rotten, they haue sometime a feuer. But those which haue lothinge of meate thorough grosse and clammie humours, they neither feele gnawinge of the stomach nor thirst. But commonlie to all there commeth disposition to vomite. If lothing of meate doeth come about the beginning of the disease, or about the vigour and strength of it, which the pacientes strength may yet suffer, it causeth no perill, for the sicke neede but little nourishment. But if losse of appetite do come in the declination of the whole disease, or in longe weakenesse, or in lacke of strength, or of vnmeasurable purging, it is not without perill and daunger. This euill is encreased of age. For children are vnluckely troubled with this disease (that is to say) such as are deuourers by nature, and haue neede of continuall nourishment. Therefore if children haue this disease, great excesse aboue nature is signified by it. For cure of this disease,Curatio. if the losse of appetite be caused thorough weakenesse of the stomach, you must marke what distempure doeth weaken the strength, and you must cure it by contraries to that distempure, as is before taught. If the presence of vicious humours do cause lothing of meate, if those humours be thinne and gnawing: you must first beginne, before any other thinge be ministred, to purge the humours contayned in the stomach by vomite. And if the pacient doeth vomite vneasilie, minister vnto him soupinges, and other nourishmentes which do moysten, that they may driue those humours downe into the bellie, and driue them out beneath, or purge the wombe with hierapicra. Then wee must bring the bodie to a good temper, with such thinges as be meete for that purpose. Those that do abhorre meate thorough grosse and clammie humoures, you shall cure them by extenuatinge and cutting the humours as well with Oxymell, as also with those medicines, that are made of this and other sawces, as with Capares, Olyues, musterde-seede, and such like declared in the first Chapter. If loathing of meate happen thorough inflammation, or stoppinge of anie other part of the bodie, then you must go about the curinge of that member or parte. And you must go about to prouoke appetite againe, onelie by odoramentes, either by odour and smelling of wine infused, or decoction of quinces, or peares. Also you shall go about the same thing with softe annoyntinges with oyles, as oyles of roses, masticke, and such like, & moderate frictiōs & rubbings of the body. Also insessions to be applied to the loins & share. [Page 86] Also let meates be prepared of diuerse and sundrie kinds, and after the daintiest fashion, that besides their sweetenesse, they may entice and prouoke their appetite, first of the best kind of corne,Alica is made of who [...] [...] in water, beatē & dried in the sunne, and then broken grossely. and such as doth nourish much, as is Alica washed with the decoction of dates and dam [...]scene prunes: reere egges, birdes of the mountaines that be leane and of no strong sauour: swines feete much consumed in seething. For if he onely tast such meates, they nourish the bodie sufficiently. Whatsoeuer you minister, ought to be of such sort, that it maye easily be deuoured and swallowed. For those thinges that require much chewing, do cause vnpleasantnesse, and put away appetite. Nor you may not neglect to applie outwardly vppon the stomach besides the oyntmentes, emplaisters made of dates, quinces, wormewood, and such like. Also Cerates made of the same thinges, examples whereof you must seeke before.

CAP. VII. Of a doglike appetite. DE APPETENTIA CANINA.

A Doglike appetite is contrarie to losse of appetite. For they that are thus diseased, they desire much meate: and when they can not restraine their appetite, they deuour in meate without measure: then they being heauie with the multitude of meate, and their stomach not beinge able to beare the meates, that are in it, without hurt, they turne to vomiting. Then afterward they fill them selues with meate, and againe they returne to vomiting like dogges. It is caused through colde distempure of the stomach, or through vicious and sharp humours which do gnaw and pricke the mouth of the stomach. For cold vicious humours do cause a gnawing much like the proportion of sucking, and do raise appetite of meate. Also sometime it chaunceth thorough vnmeasurable dissipation and spreading abrode of the whole bodie, which do followe either the violence of heate, or the weakenesse of the vertue retentiue. Cold distempure of the stomach is knowen by euill digestion,Signa. windinesse, romblinge, and many egestions or seiges, and by other tokens declared before in the first Chapter. Sharpe humours are knowen by soure belkings, and much egestion, and verie thinne. If it be caused of vnmeasurable dissipation and spreading abroade, and that through heate which consumeth the meate like fire, and rarefieth the skinne: then the egestions sent out by the bellie, be lesse in quantitie, then the meate that is eaten, and also the egestions be drier: But if that dissipation come through weakenesse of the retentiue vertue, which cannot maister the meates:Curat [...]. then there is much deiection, and casting out of those thinges that are eaten. For the Cure, colde distempure must be healed, as is taught in the first chapter of this booke. If Doglike and vnmeasurable appetite be caused of sharp humours stuffed in the mouth of the stomach,Cure if it be of sharp humours. and as it were, water soked into a sponge: you must minister in the beginninge, Hierapicra Galeni. For this doeth not onely heate, but also it doeth cut of and make clean, and draw out from the depth of the mouth of the stomach, humours that be stuffed in it, and it causeth them to auoide downwarde. And yet it addeth strength to the stomach, that afterwarde it will not easilie receaue any hurtfull humour. Therefore that is the best remedie for vicious humours, stuffed in the stomach, to bring them foorth. It is ministred the weight of ʒ.iiij. with wine infused with warme water. If a child doth labour of this disease, which cannot drinke the medicine for bitternesse, make ʒ.j. or ij. of it in pilles, and annoint it outwardly with hony, and let them swallow them downe. Seing that for the most parte, this euill chaunceth of sharpe and soure fleume, you must vse such meates and medicines, as haue power to cut, deuide, scoure, and heate, as be, garlicke, leekes, tyme, sauorie, origan, penyroyall; and such like. Therefore the humours that be vicious being purged in the beginning,Victus ratio. you must let them vse this diet. Let not their bread be newe, nor well leauenned, with the which also you must mixe thinges that prouoke vryne, as is, Annise seede, Caraway seede, Commin, parsleye, and such like. Let his meates be fatte and oylie. Also soupinges are good, that do destroye appetite, as be pottage made [Page 87] with much hony, and much oyle, or goose grease, hennes grease, or swines grease. Let his pot hearbes be mallowes. Also giue him the braines and fattest partes of birdes, and of fishes likewise, and those thinges that do altogether destroy appetite, and cause fullnesse, and that do nourish but little, although they be eaten in great quantitie. You maye well giue them great plentie of wine, euen as much as they can drink, and such wine that doth heate greatly, as those do that be yellowe in colour, thinne in substance, sweete in smelling, and without restriction. For this doeth heate the stomach, and destroy the sharpenesse of humours, so that often such wine with fat and oylie meates, suffiseth for the perfect cure.2. Apho. 21. As Hippocrates sayth, drinking of wine easeth hunger. And you must giue wine, aswell to them that be fasting, as to them also which haue eaten meate, although they be not yet a thirst. But you must giue it to them that be fasting, hoate, or warme at the least. He must abstayne from all sower and restrictiue meates and drinkes, but specially from fruite. Let their banquetting meates be pistacium, Almondes, pine nuttes, and oliues with hony. Minister also vnto them milke, as well alone, as also with wine called Passum, or with hony, so that neuerthelesse, you must take heede that you giue it not to those, that are wont to haue it waxe soure in their stomach, for to those it doth more hurt then good. But if it be well digested, it doeth not onely stop the appetite, but it softeneth the bellie being stopped, and stoppeth his fluxes. Also you must make potions and fine cakes with milcke, and giue them to him, as be, marchpaines and Rise sodden with milke. Also he must wash nowe and then, and make fat their skinne largely. This kinde of cure you must vse as long, as the sicke is diseased, and till he be cleane whole. If the doglike appetite through vnmeasurable scattring abroade, opening, and dissipation, then in such a disease it is good to thicken the skinne,Cure if it come of immoderate dissipation. and make it grosser with oyle made of vnripe Oliues, or oyles of roses, or of mirtles, or anie other wherein anie restrictiue thing hath bene sodden with a soft fire. Let the sicke remaine in an ayer, that is cold and perspirable. Let him eschew hote ayer and hote bathes. Also let him eschew wine and all things as well outwardly as inwardly that do heate. Let his drinke be cold water or decoction of Cynnamon. Put the sicke in a cold bath if nothing do let it as slendernesse and leannesse of the bodie, or the coldnesse of some member of the bodie, as the breast or some other. You must giue vnto them meates that be stable, durable, and hard to corrupt, as be periwincles, and all kindes of shell fish, if they be sodden with water twise chaunged. Also swines flesh being in full strength and specially the bellie. Also fatte bieffe, and all things that be all fatte, and that do swimme in the stomach, and be hard to be digested and distributed. For there be some, that haue this disease, which by reason of a sharp & biting heate, and as it were a feuerous heate in them which do digest and consume bieffe and other thinges hard of digestion with lesse labour then fishes of stony places, and such like things which be easie of digestion. Of egges those are good for them, which be sodden till they be hard, or fried in a frying pan. Giue them manchet made of fat broths without honie. Also rice sodden with butter, and vnleauened bread. Looke how much the euill is abated, & so much you must abate of the grosse meates that you are wont to giue, and you must minish the restrictiue things also that you lay without. For some time the vehemencie of the appetite being abated, when the bodie is filled with crude and grosse humours, it turneth into some other worse disease. Among restrictiue medicines besides those thinges which are aforesaid you must vse this oyntment. ℞. oyles of mirtles,Vnguentum adstringens. and quinces. ana. ℥.ss. oyle of roses. ℥.j. iuice of plantaine. ʒ.ij. red saunders, masticke, bistorta, red roses. ana. ʒ.j. bole armoniake. ℈.ij. Hipochistidos, acatia, sanguis draconis. ana. ℈.j. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment.

CAP VIII. Of great famine. DE BVLIMO.

BVLIMOS in Greeke is nothing else, but great, and vehement famine or hunger. It is caused through coldenesse of the stomach, [...]. Causae. and for want and wakenesse of strength, and in a man it taketh his beginninge altogether of outwarde colde [Page 88] for long iourneyes, speciallie when there is snow causeth this disease. It is knowen thus. In the beginning there is felte much hunger,Signa. which for all that, doeth not long endure. For afterwarde the heart of the patient beginneth to faile him with coldenesse of the extreame partes, and want of spirit and breath. You must apply remedies for this disease by and by, because there be that in desert places,Curatio. or in bathes, being suddenly taken with this disease, do perish for lacke of helpe. Therefore they that are troubled with great hunger, in a iourney without a feuer, or any other wayes, you must recomfort them with vinegre, or penyroyall, giuen them to smell vnto, or earth whatsoeuer it bee, sprinckled with vinegre, or apples, or peares, or such other like fruite which is next hande. Also newe bread holden to the nose doeth helpe, and cheese of good sauour. Also porke rosted or sodden, and vniuersallie all that doth nourish much: but especially that which hath sauour of rosted meate, and is well seasoned, and hath a sufficient sauour. For by such odoures and sauours they that haue this disease, are for the most part refreshed, seeing there is nothing (as wee sayed before in the second booke, the fourteenth chapter) that doth refresh and renue the strength sooner then odours. Moreouer you must binde the extreame partes of them with bandes, and you must put the tippes of their handes and feete in verie hote water, and you must raise them and stirre them, as well by prickinge of the cheekes, as also by pullinge of the heare and eares. And when he is somewhat come againe to him selfe, you shall minister vnto him breade infused in wine, or some such thing, which doeth restore strength verie quickelye, (as be) reare egges, Alica with wine. The next remedie they must looke for by meate, which if they can not take when it is offered them, you must put it into the mouth violentlye, and compell them to swallowe it, for by and by after that, they are deliuered from their great hunger, and from their fayntinge, and are raysed quicklye. For this purpose are good also the Antidotes, which are compounded of diuerse sweete odoures (as is) Aromaticum Rosarum, Diamber, Dianthon, diamoschi, Alipta moschata, and such other like. And if this disease chaunce to come in feuers (which is seeldome seene) and if it doeth rush in suddenly about the declination of fittes belonging to feauers, you may minister meate without feare. But if it chaunce in the beginning of the augmentacion or in the vigour and strength of the feauer, the sicke must be refreshed by the odoraments aforesaid, and specially by those things that haue corne in them, as is Polenta, wet with water,Po [...]tia is barely steeped in water the right, then dried, then fried and then ground. or hote bread that sendeth foorth a burning sauour. Also you must vse frictions & rubbings of the extreme parts, & applie plaisters made of dates, or quinces sodden in wine▪ and this must you do vntill the declining of the fit, that you may safely giue him meate. And if the sicke be neuer the better through these things, you must venter to help him by giuing of meate. Therfore minister iuice of Ptysan, or one morsell or other wet in wine that is white and thinne. For they being refreshed and as it were sodainly called backe, they afterwarde come to the declining of the fit. We must eschew altogether in them that haue this disease, long delay from meate, and hunger. For you shall giue him euerie houre verie little meate, for it taketh away great famine, and the fainting wherby the sick is eased. And that it is lawfull to nourish and giue meate to the sicke in a fit, Galene teacheth, libro decimo, method. capite tertio.

CAP IX. Of euill digestion. DE CRVDITATE.

RAWNESSE of the stomach or ill digestion, is, when as the meate is not alltogether chaunged.Cruditas. The causes of it, is distempure in the stomach, inflammacions,Causae. hardenesse, impostumes, and such other like. Sometime the meates remaine raw and vndigested, although the stomach be not diseased: either through immoderate deuouring of meates and drinkes at one time, or through the euil and vicious qualities of the meates them selues. Or through heating of them out of due time, or thorough inordinate takinge of them: or thorough [Page 89] some viciouse superfluitie growing: or through short sleeping as Galene sayth, libro tertio de symptomatum causis capite primo. Signa. The diuersitie of causes be known partly by the tale of the patient, and them that be about them: and partlye by certayne tokens. By the tale of the sicke, and of them that be about him, you may knowe whether meates and drinckes haue bene taken immoderately, or out of due season, or inordinately. Also you may know of them the shortnesse of sleeping: you may knowe if the meates their selues were of euill qualities by his belkinges and sauours, like thinges rosted or burned. For in them that be hoate and cholericke, the belkinges or corruptions sauour like meate rosted or burned. But in them, that be of a colde nature and more fleugmatike, the corruptions are soure or sharpe. Likewise you must iudge of excrementes that be fleugmatike and colde, they cause soure corruptions, but those that be hote and mixed with bitter choler, do cause sauour like burned meate. Likewise iudge of the stomach beinge▪ anie otherwise euill at ease, for if the disease be coulde, it causeth sharpe and soure permutations, but if it be hote, it causeth a burning sauour. VVhen perfect cruditie and rawnesse is engendred without corruption, in such sort, that the meates do remaine altogether euen as they were eaten: by this you maye knowe that the stomach is ouercome, either thorough great quantitie of meates, or thorough vehement coulde taken in a hoate thirst. Therefore if you woulde not haue this cruditie and euill digestion,Victus ratio. you must beware of all the aforesaid things (that is) that you neither offende in the quantitie, nor qualitie, nor order, nor due season of the takinge of your meate: and that you eate those thinges onely, which you are able to digest, and not that, which appetite requireth. Therefore you must especially take diligent heede to the measure, and quantitie of your meate, and you must refraine your appetite, and eate no more then your strength is able to suffer. Also you must beware of euill order (that is) that you do not first eate quinces, or pomegranates, or some such like thing: and afterward to eate pot herbes out of oyle of sauce made with salted fish, or other things which do soften the bellie. Also you must eschewe eating out of due season (that is) that you do not eate before some moderate exercise, or before yesterdayes meat be well discended, and also not before your accustomed houre. Also you must eschewe all thinges that be hard by nature to digest: as is flesh that is hard by nature, that is, bieffe and hartes flesh, also eschewe all old flesh. Also you must beware of meates that be fatte, or that be poudred in salt, and stale kept. Among pot-hearbes, those that be verie hote, or verie coulde, or also those that engender wind, be hurtfull. Eschew fishes, which are hard and dried by long keping. Also abstaine from meates that be corrupt, or that do stinke, or smell ilfauouredlie. Refraine from sweete fruite, or that, which doth engender windinesse, or that which is corrupt. Also eschewe iunkets which be hard of digestion. Also you must eschewe meates that be straunge and vnaccustomed, and that haue the power of a medicine, as people vse to commixe in their tartes and fine cakes, but you must eate your meate in due time not greedilie nor in gobbets, nor swallow it not without chewing. Neither let your drinke interrupt and disturbe your meate: for that doeth hinder the vnitinge and knittinge together of the meate: and causeth eche peece to swimme from other. After meate eaten, you must eschewe vnequall and troubleouse motions. Also eschewe heate and coulde, for those thinges do stoppe the digestion of meate. But calefaction and chaufing of the sides, and rubbinge of the feete do helpe digestion. And if there be heauinesse about the stomach, so that thorough it a certaine painefulnesse bee spread thoroughout the whole bodie, then laye your hande beinge stretched foorth, vppon the mouth of your stomach, or applie to it a fleshie infant, for as Gallen sayeth, it is much better and more naturall, then the heate which is procured by Fomentes. For which cause, some do laye little whelpes, while they rest vppon theyr stomach, which doeth encrease the aboundance of heate, that digesteth the meate. Also you must procure sleepe in the night equall and without disturbaunce. For this: you must prepare to lye straight and let your head bee boulstered vp high, and in your lyinge, you must encline towardes the lefte side. And if you can not sleep, you must lie without tourninge or stirring of your bodie, and keepe it still in one forme of lying, for often stirringes and tossinges do disturb the meates, and make the body windy & the bowels likewise.Curatio. The cure must be diuerse according to the diuersity of [Page 90] the causes. For hote distempure of the stomach requireth one kinde of curing, and cold distempure requireth another kind. Also inflammation of the stomach requireth another kind of cure, and hardnesse or impostumacions another kinde, and all those cures you shall seeke out in the proper chapters. For here it suffiseth to say thus much. When there commeth an vnpleasant belking, declaring manifestly that there is corruption of meates: without prolonging you must prouoke vomite, and by drinkinge of warme water, you must constraine all that is corrupt to come foorth. For if they remaine in the stomach, they cause tormentinge and wrestlinge and heauinesse of the head: and sometimes they sende foorth choler vpwarde and downewarde,Vomitus. or they cause fluxe of the wombe or feauers. Therefore such as can not digest but hardly, wee accustome them longe tyme before, that they maye vomite easilie, for that is best in manie perilles. And if anie be harde to vomite by nature, and be ill disposed to drinke coulde thinges, in anie cause it is not inconuenient to giue him a cuppe of pure coulde water to drincke, for the stomach beinge strengthened, it soone thrusteth out those thinges that sticke in it, and sendeth them downe to the lower partes. Then the next daye let the sicke be kept in quiet and rest, and vse rubbinges of his feete, and chafing of the sides, vntill the rumbling and windinesse breake out beneath, and vntill the belkinges do come foorth with a gentler qualitie. And then it is good to rise vp, that first the bellie may sende out the corrupt thinges by seege, and afterwarde let the sicke walke moderately, and let him be idle, because of the troubled vapours, which be ascended into the head through corruption. After this he must apply his minde to daylie businesse without perturbation and indignation. Then againe the bellie must be prouoked to auoide those thinges that remaine yet. Afterwarde you must bidde him rest, and you must powre vppon and nourishe the feete with warme water: and the face being washed with pure coulde water, let him rest in his bedde, and procure him to sleepe by all meanes. After which let him vse a little walkinge, and then a Bathe. After bathinge let him take meate moderately,Long pepper helpeth digestion. and that which the bodie is able to digest. But yet you may not ouerpasse medicines that do helpe digestion, as is pepper, especiallie long pepper, which doth onelie helpe digestion. But if you haue it not at that present, you may vse white pepper, and if you haue not that neither, take blacke pepper. Also for the same, Diacotoneon is good, and diospoliticum. Also there bee other thinges to be applied as well inwardlie as outwardely both simples and compoundes, to strengthen the stomach, which are rehearsed in the former chapters. But all these medicines (especiallie such as do pierce quickly, as is Caraway seedes, fennell seedes, Apium, louage seede, parsley seede, ammeos, pepper, ginger and such like) must be giuen two houres before meate: but after meate you must neuer take them: for then there is dispersed together with them some of the crude meates, and causeth obstructions. Therefore let them be vsed most before meate after the rubbings in the morning, and two houres before exercise.

CAP. X. Of windinesse of the stomach. DE INFLATIONE VENTRICVLI.

Causae. THe stomach is windie through the windinesse that is engendred in it. Windinesse is engendred through fleugmaticke humours in the stomach, or else thorough meates dissolued into vapours through want and debility of heate. For cold onely doth cause no windinesse, because it can neither extenuate nor dissolue meate. Vehement heate for the most part, ouercomming those things that it comprehendeth, it extenuateth and maketh thinne the meate, so that no vapours can engender thereof: vnlesse it be easie to turne into windines, of the owne nature. But the windinesse that is so engendred is troublous and cloudie: and also it is but little, and endureth but a little while, so that at one belkinge or other it vanisheth awaye straight. The heate that woorketh in the meates, if it be but of little force and strengthe, (that is) doeth somewhat dissolue them, but not altogeather consume [Page 91] them, thereof must needes engender windines, (as Galen teacheth lib. 30. de sympto causis. 70. They that are thus diseased, haue stretching out and heauines of the stomach:Signa. also sometime swelling, and a certaine bowing out of the mouth of the stomach, and of the stomach it selfe: also emptie belkings doe come, sometimes lightening a litle, and a stopping of the windines which is wont to breake downeward. Also this euill sometimes is all ouer the breast, and sometime behind, about the backbone and backe, and rusheth among the iointes, and often it occupieth both places. Besides these thinges there is vehement paine in drawing of breath, because of the pressing down togither of the midriffe, so that some do feele like as though they were choked. They are eased by the meate going downewarde, and by windines breaking out either by belking, or by the bellie. Also rumbling and noise is hard within. Therefore if the windines of the stomach be caused of flegmatique meates:Curatio. you must minister an extenuating diet, and such medicines, as doe deuide and purge fleume, which we taught in the first chapter of this booke. But if the windines be engēdred through want & weakenes of heate, he must vse meates easie of digestion, and of good iuice. Also you must eate but litle: for fasting is very good for this disease. After all the meate you must minister wine that is pure and vnwixed: but yet he must eschue much drinke, as a deadly enemie. Also let him eschew fruite and eating of moist oyles. Also let him vse hote bathes in great vessels, for those doe mitigate so often and dissolue windines wheresoeuer it be, and prouoke sleepe. And when sleepe commeth, it easeth the pacient much because it helpeth digestion maruelouslie. And as for medicines, let them vse this decoption. ℞. Calamint, mintes, wilde mintes, chamomill, origan, Decoctum. peniroiall. ana. M.j. wormewood. M.ss. seedes of annyse, apium, comin, daucus, parcely, fennell. ana. ʒ.iij. seedes of nettles, carawayes. ana. ʒ.ij. of the roote of Enula Campana. ℥.ij. seath these in iust quantitie of water, till the third parte be consumed: then straine them, and put to sufficient suger to make the iuce of that decoction sweete, and put to that licour, of syrop of Calamint. ℥.iij and make a potion whereof let the sicke drinke euery day, in the morning. ℥.iiij. Or let him vse this pouder. ℞. the pouders of Dianysum, diacuninum, diacalum, inthes, ana. ℈.ij. seedes of Annyse,Tritura. daucus & fennell. ana. ℈.j. quibbybes, cloues. ana. ℈.ij ginger. ℈. pepper. ʒ.j. sugar lib. ss. commixe them altogeather and make a powder. They which haue taken meate, but a litle before, must first vomit. Also you must minister suppositories made of thinges that entice windines. After this sort. ℞. hony sodden ℥.ij. seedes of rew, comin, and fennell. ana. ℈.j. seedes of Careawayes & anyse. ana. ʒ.ss. salt. ℈.ij. commixt them altogeather and make supposisitaries. If the wombe be very costiue, you must cast in a Clister made thus.Glandes. ℞. of the decoction aboue taught. lib. j. of benedicta laxatiua. ʒ.vij. oyles of worewood, rew, & dil,Clyster. ana. ℥.j. goose greace and hennes greace without salt. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. common salt, ʒ.j. cōmixe altogeather, & make a clyster. In this disease you must annoint the stomach outwarly with the oyles aforesaid or make a litle bunch of wooll, and wet it in the aforesaid oyles, being warmed, & apply it to the stomach. And vpon the buntch of wooll being wound vp together, strew comin beaten, or seede of Apium or dill. If the disease endure longe apply to it plaisters made of line seede, bareley meale, darnell meale, comin, dill seede, or Apium, or fennell beaten, the toppes of Centorie and such other like, or apply this cerote.Ceratum. ℞ oyles of rew, dill, narde, and laurell. ana. ℥.j. meale of lineseede, and fenugreeke ana. ʒ.j.ss. seedes of Apium, careawayes, and Nigella Romana, ana. ʒ.j. laurell bearies, and Centorie ana. ʒ.j.ss. gumme ammoniacke, and opoponax ana. ʒ.ij. wax and rosen as much as is sufficient, make a Cerate. Also a great cupping glasse comprehending the nauell euery where, being applied with greate flame, is a remeady in this disease. Also Castoreum dronke with Posca, and also applied outwardly with oyle of dill, is good.

CAP. XI. Of yelking or hicket. DE SINGVLTƲ.

[Page 92] YELKING is motion of the stomach, and it is as it were a crampe of the stomach raised of the expulsiue vertue which goeth about to thrust forth euill & hurtfull thinges.Causae. 6. Aph. 39. This disease is caused for the most parte, either of fulnes or of emptines, as Hippocrates Witnesseth. Also somtimes it is caused through the byting and gnawing of sharpe humors. Also the meate being turned into a gnawing qualitie, and so corrupted, causeth some to yelke. Also coldnes of the mouth of the stomach, and corruption of the food causeth yelking, which causeth children specially to haue the hicket often. Also yelking engendreth in feauers, specially whē the stomach or some other bowell is inflamed.Signa. The outward causes are easily knowen by the telling of the sicke and them that be about him. Fulnes is knowne by heauines and emtines by those thinges that went before. You may knowe if the meate be corrupt by the burnt sauour of it. But you shall know sharpnes by gnawing, pricking and pulling. Therefore when yelking is engendred of coldnes, you must lay vpon the stomach, wooll dipped in the oyle,Cure of priking of cold. wherein hath bene sodden rew, comin and wormewood. Also oyle of mastick, and of Castoreum being annointed doth profit. To children warme linnen clothes being applied to, doe helpe often. They that be of full age, minister to them to drinke wine or Apium sodden in aqua mulsa, or comin beaten, or Asarum or penyroyall, eche of these by him selfe or else mixt with other. Also squilliticke vinegre is good to soupe. Also giue thē ʒ.j. of Castoreum with Posca, aswell against yelking caused of colde: as also, if it be caused through multitude of humours. Also if it be applied outwardly to the stomach with olde oyle, it is good for both the saide griefes. Moreouer holding of the breath which doth encrease heate,Cure of yelking of [...]u [...]nes. is a present remedy for them that doe yelke through cold. When yelking is caused of fulnes, vomiting is the best remedie. If there be grosse humours, they must be extenuate and cutte with Oximel scylliticum, and calamint and horehound their decoction, & such like before rehersed.Auersion. Afterwarde you must apply those thinges which may draweth aboundannce of humours a contrary way, and turne them cleane aside. For which purpose are good those thinges which do purge downeward, and specially clisters, bindings & rubbings of the extreame partes, and cupping glasses with much flame, fasted to the breast, to the stomach and to the backe. Also these thinges are good for them, longe and quicke walking,6 Aph. 13. bearinges about and chiefly ryding. Also it is good for them to sneese as Hippocrates saith. For when the yelking is caused of fulnes there is neede of violent mouing. Also handsome calling loud, with much clamor, and with holding of the breath is good for them. Moreouer the stomach must be strengthened by medicines ministred as well inwardly as outwardly. Inwardly by comforting Electuaries, and outwardly by applying of ointmets, emplaisters and cerotes before taught. Yelking, that is caused of emptines, is cured by giuing to the patient conuenient food,Cure of hickes caused of [...] tines. and by those thinges that do fill his wanting: which partly be afore taught, & aboundantly spoken of hereafter in the cure of the feauer Ethicke. It doth much good in this kinde of yelking, to annoint the ioyntes of the necke and the backe with moisting oyle,Cure of yelking through inordina [...]e. (as is) oiles of violets and of sweete almondes. But if yelking be caused of gnawing thinges, first we find that vomiting is a sufficient remedy for it: than also stupefaction of feeling, and such thinges as doe alter the gnawing. The senses be astonyed and stupefact by cooling things,Pillulae de cyngi [...]sta. for which purpose you must minister philonium, or pils of hounds tongue, which do profit maruelouslie in this disease, you must vse them thus. You must make of one drachme, six pilles, whereof let the sicke take one before he go to bed. The mordacitie and gnawing is altered and driuen away by medicines which doe stoppe, attenuate, and dry. Stoppers of gnawing be these, iuice of Endiue drunke, cowcumber seedes husked and beaten being drunke, lettuse seede likewise taken. Also iuice of purcelaine drunke, & purslaine it selfe taken in meate. Also Sebesten dectoction taken in drinke, but specially aboue all Asses milke is good. Or if you haue not that, cowes milke new milked is good being dronke. For the same purpose minister conserue of roses, or of violets, or of water lillies diarrhodon, diatrion fautalon. Iulep of violets of Nimpheae (that is) water lillies and such like.P [...]stillus. The Throchiskes doe stoppe, extenuate and drie vp. ℞. Costus, saffron, spikenard, greene roses, masticke, ana. ℥.ss. asarum, aloës. ana. ʒ.ij. opium. ʒ.j. with iuice of psillium. make trochiskes, of the which giue ʒ.ss. or ʒ.j. Note that opium, and the roses, & [Page 93] the iuice of psillium be of a colde operation. The spiknard doth discusse, dissolue and corroborate. The Asarum doth bring out the vicious humors by vrine. The Aloës doth purge out the vicious humors, and driue them out beneth at the seege. The saffron digesteth and strengtheneth the partes, for by his temperament of heate he causeth digestion, and by his restrictiue vertue which he hath, he addeth strength. The costus doeth sufficiently heate, and moderatly restraine, which you may perceiue by his tast. Galen commendeth this medicine very much lib. 8. de comp. Med. secundum locos. cap. 3.

CAP. XII. Of Choler. DE CHOLERA.

CHOLERA in Latine, is an immoderate perturbation of the stomach caused by vomit both vpward and downwarde. The barbarous sorte call this disease, Cholerica passio: they that haue this disease be called of the Latines Cholerici. Cholerici Sausae. It is caused through much cruditie and rawnes of the stomach and ill digestion, which many times engendereth of great wickednes of the meates and sometime through aboundaunce of vicious humours also. The signes whereby this euill is knowne be verie manifest: for they auoid both vpwarde and downward: also there followeth thirst and swet, & short pulse and drawing vp,Signa. and stretching out of the muscles of the handes, and feete, and specially of the calfe of the legges. Therefore seeing this euill is most sharpe and doth cause verie greuous soundings, if it endure long, you must doe your diligence, that you helpe it by and by without any tarying.Curatio. No Phisition, if he see this disease to be engendred through aboundaunce of vicious humours, will in the beginning all at once go about to stop that which is sent forth, for seeing they be vnprofitable & hurtfull they haue neede of purging. Therefore if the patient hath disposition to vomit, and be troubled with vndigested meates remaining in the stomach, you must giue him warme water, and then he must vomit by his finger or a fether put into his mouth. But you may not prouoke vomit by ministring of Aqua mulsa, nor with water mixed with oyle: because these thinges doe encrease the fluxes, and cause mordacitie and writhinges. Also you must helpe the matter that purgeth downewarde: for a straung poyson as it were being within doth gnaw the stomach and the guttes, and draweth the humours from the whole bodie, you must minister vnto him the easiest purging medicines as is Aloës, Casia fistularis, decoctions of Mirabolanes and such like. After that the superfluous thinges be brought forth, then he must rest, and it is good to nourish the sides with oyles of Masticke, or nard, or wormewood, and to cause sleepe. You must commixe sometime with the aforesaid other thinges which can strengthen the stomach, which be afore taught, and with them you must make oitmentes. When there appeare exact and perfect concoction and digestion, vse bathes of sweete water, & meates of good iuice. Among which is brothe of chickens with veriuice, the flesh of smale birdes of mountaines, reere egges & such like. In drinke let him vse iuice of Pomgranates, or syrupe of roses, or water wherein burning steele hath bene quenched three or foure times. But when the euill hath endured long, and hath caused slendernes and leanes throughout the body, and specially if the belly or stomach doe rest after the remouing from his place, and that the pulse be lesse, and thicker, then you must bynde the extreme and vttermost partes by bandes, and you must make them fast by much oyle. Also apply to the stomach Cataplasmes, and emplaisters, made of restrictiue and strengthening thinges, as those be which are made of dates, hypocischidos, Acatia, Sumach, bole armomacke, franckensence, balaustiae, roses, and fruit of mirtles. Also it is an effectious remeady, if a linnen cloth wet in the iuice of crabbes, be laid vpon the stomach, or this Cerate. ℞. of the oyles of Roses, mirtells,Scu [...] stomachi. & quinces ana. ℥.j masticke, franckensence, acatia. ana. ʒ.ij. hypocischidos. ʒ.j.ss. saunders whyte and redde. ana. ʒ.j. balustiae, dragons blood. ana. ʒ.ss. bole armoniacke ʒ.j. wax and roson as much as is sufficient, make a Cerate to lay vpon the stomach couered with silke. In drincking [Page 94] giue him the measure of one Cyathe of cold water to soupe of (that is) ℥.j.ss. but you must beware that it be not ouer cold,A Cyathe is, ℥.j.ss. for that being giuen sodainly is vomited vp againe, and sometime with his stupor and coldnes it hurteth verie extreemely the naturall heate, or it causeth inflammation of the stomach, or of some of the bowels. And you may sometime droppe into the water, a litle of the iuice of sharpe pomegranates, or of roses, or of the decoction of vine braunches. And if those thinges that be voyded furth be verie sharpe; and that thirst and burning doe trouble the patient: then minister cucumber seedes with three Cyathes of water. Also you may giue it commodiouslie with Amylum. Then also minister endiue or lettuse or both sodden in Posca. Afterward procure sleepe and rest by all meanes: but if the fluxe will not be stopped, and the pulse decaie betweene this and that, and that cold and swet doe take him, and also sometime yelking, you must come to wine that is meanely restrictiue, which is not very strong, but yet sweete & not odoriferous. And put into it, warme if it may be, or else cold, crummes of bread or Alica, and so by litle and litle at sundry times let them soupe it vp. But yet they must eschew much quantitie of wine, & by all meanes you must goe about to bring them to sleepe, by strewing the pauement of the house, with roses, vine leaues, bryer, and such like afore taught. Also apply odouraments to the nose, as roses, quinces, and such like, also annoint soporiferous and sleepy ointments about the temples and forehead. If he goe to the stoole still, cast in by a clyster Amylum with decoction of poppy heades, for it doth both restraine and coole and cause sleepe. To stop vomits,Constri [...]tion of vomites. it is good to eate and deuoure the iuice of meddlers, quinces, pomegranates and peares. If with these remedies, and others that be taught before in the 2. chapter of this booke, the sicke cannot keepe & brooke his meate: you must apply without vpon the stomach a very great cupping glasse lightly. Against the contractions and drawing vp of the muscles,Against constriction in the muscles. you must wind about the muscles, linnen clothes sooked in warme oyle, and apply moist Cerates and ointmentes, wherein is put some Castoreum and oyle of ireos. You shall finde examples enough of those in the chapter of the palsey before in the first booke. When the disease decreaseth, you must refresh and restore the patient againe, with good meates as chickens, doues, hennes, partriche, wood culuer, and ousills, or blackbirdes and such like.

CAP. XIII. Of the fluxe diarrhaea. DE DIARRHAEA.

DIARRHAEA in Latine, is a copious & great fluxe of the wombe without exulceration and inflammation. It is caused through weakenes of the instruments that be long,Causae. and doe serue to digestion: also through aboundance of nourishment and meate that is moist, and viscous, and through corrupting of the same meate. Moreouer gnawing and byting of those thinges that are contained in the belly: also flowing of some thinges from aboue to the belly, and also wekenes of the retentiue vertue.Signa. The signes whereby the causes are knowen are very manifest. For if this fluxe diarrhaea be caused through the weakenes of the instrumentes that serue for digestion (as is) the stomach, the bowels, the liuer and the splene: you must seeke the signes of these out of their owne chapters. But if it be caused through much deuouring of euill meates and drinckes, you may know it partly by the patients tale, and partly also by those things that come forth by seige. For if they be cholericke they be yellow of colour, & they be not cast out without feeling of gnawing & heate: also the patient feeleth bitternes of the mouth, thirst, thinne state of the body, & other tokens which signifie choler. If it be flegmaticke, those thinges which come out with the seige, shalbe contrarie to that, which is sayd before of Choler. And if humours doe flowe from the head to the belly, the egestions will appeare frothy, and the tempre of the braine wilbe very moist. If the fluxe be engendred through fulnes of the whole bodie, or if it be indicatorie, the signes are rehersed in another place, and of Galen lib. de plenitudine & crisibus. And if this fluxe of the wombe, be caused through weakenes of the instrumentes,Curatio. the distempure which is cause of this, [Page 95] must be cured and corrected by his contraries, a [...] is taught in the first chapter of this booke. If this fluxe of the wombe be caused through other causes,Note. and that nature doth labour to driue out of the body superfluous and hurtfull matter by this meanes, and that you can easily suffer it, which be troubled with it, then you must suffer and watch, till nature hath bestowed all her care and charge: or else also it is good to helpe natures motion, but for to goe about to striue with it, and to stoppe the fluxe, it causeth a worse and greater disease. For those humours which are stopped being caried vpward doe cause paine in the head, or phrensie, or litargie, or impostumation behind the eares not without daunger. Therefore in the beginning you may not stop the fluxe, which floweth profitably for the health of the body. But after that the fluxe hath endured long, not onely carrying forth superfluities, but also melting as it were the state of the body and consuming the strength, then you must labour to stoppe it, as well by thinges giuen in at the mouth, as also cast in at the foū dament, and also by thinges applyed outwardly vpon the belly. Therefore if there come forth excreementes of cleane choler, you must chaunge it into a better and more healthfull state, but yet you may not cure them by stopping of it straight wayes.Cure of a Diarrhaea of choler. For the cholericke matter that is gathered togeather, and heaped in the stomach, and in the bowell called ieiunum, if it be withholden and kept there still, it hurteth greatly. For it both ouerturneth the stomach, and causeth inflammations of the bowels, it kindleth thirst and restoreth feauers, and caused the euils aforesaide, and generally causeth a worse disease. Therefore if there be aboundaunce of cholericke humours in the body: nature must be expelled with easie purging medicines, (as is infusion) of rewbarbe, casia fistularis, the barkes of mirabolanes, Citrine or manna. After that giue cowes milke or goates milke warme, being new milked: or seeth it at the fire and stirre it continually, till it be consumed vnto the third part: which you may doe by quenching of redde hote iron, or steele gaddes in the milke often, but while it seetheth you must take the scume or some of it. For surely you can finde noe quicker remedy against fluxes of choler. And because the milke that is eaten of one that hath a feuer, is wont to turne into a burning sauour, or also sharpe or soure, and so causeth more hurt thē good: therefore if the patient hath a feuer togeather with this fluxe, you shall eschew ministring of milke to him, dressed after rhat sorte. But you must poure the fourth part of water to the milcke, and seeth it vntill halfe be consumed, and then minister it vnto him. If the choler be heaped vp togeather in the bowels, you must cast in clisters made of the decoction of barcley, with suger, roset, oyle of roses, yolkes of egges and such like. At the length, when the cholericke humours be voided out, you must minister inwardly such medicines, as do restraine and strengthen (as be) conserue of roses, diacotoneon without spyces, diatrion santalon, trochiskes of spodium Hydromalon and such like. And what kinde of medicines they must be that ought to be applied outwardly, we will tell you a litle heareafter. Also the foundament must be fomented and nourished with a decoction made of some restrictiue thinges. If the fluxe Diarrhaea be engendred through flegmaticke humours that be grosse and tough, or through corruption of them,Cure of D [...]arhaea of flegmaticke humours. then you must begine your cure as you did before with easie purging. Therefore then you must minister the infusion of Agaricke, with mirabolanes imbelitici: or some such like medicine, which is able to bring furth the afore saide humours. Also clysters are good, specially if there be aboundaunce of clammy humours heaped vp in the bowels, let them be made of the decoction of Centory, and oyle of rew, and such like. Minister within the belly Diacotoneon with spices, greene ginger, & other medicines which haue power to heate and drye. Also apply outwardly those thinges which doe adde strength. If the fluxe Diarrhaea be caused through the weakenes of the vertue retentiue, you must minister and apply those medicines,Cure of Diarrhaea of the weakenes of the vertue retentiue. which are applyed against other vnmeasurable fluxes of the wombe. Therefore apply irrigations and sprincklinges of oyle omphacine, or oyle of roses, or oyle of the blossomes of apples with some soure or sharpe wine, but oyle of mirtles is of more effect, if there be neede of vehement restriction, hauing the third or fourth part of wine added to it. And if their bodies be strong, you may seeth in that irrigation, gawles, pomegranate rindes, and Balustiae. If the fluxe endure still: apply Cataplasmes, emplaisters, and cerates, made of restrictiue and drying things, whereof we will make mention in the next chapter. Also this Cerate is effectious to be made.Cera [...]. [Page 96] Take seuen mulberies, or blackberies which be soure and whytish for lacke of ripenes, bray them well and adde to it oyle of roses ℥.ij. wax ℥.j. and make a cerate. After the voyding of superfluous and hurtfull humours, these thinges heale the fluxe of the wombe being ministred in drinke, (that is) comin, decoction of maidenheare, the roote of white thorne, likewise on drachme weight of the seede of Apium ministred: for it prouoketh vrine and turneth the fluxes that be in the bowels thither. Also vnrype Mulberies being yet soure, if they be dryed many dayes in the Sunne and so kept, if they be beaten and drunke when neede requireth, they restraine and stop the wombe maruelously. Also they may be [...]aied and mixed with his meates, as they are wont to vse Sumach, which sometimes is sodden, the quantitie of an ounce weight with a chicken: but yet blackeberies of the brier being vnripe and sharpe, do bind the bellie more, if they be dryed as is aforesaide and ministred in drinke. Among compound medicines these are maruelous good (that is) trochiskes of Spodium, of terra le [...]ia, diacotoneon, diatrion santalon, Triacle: and this compound made in Lozenges is good. [...] ℞. the powders of diatrion santalon, diarrhodon abbatis. ana. ℈.ij. red corall, chosen franckensence, red roses. ana. ʒ.ss. spodium, ʒ.j. seedes of sorrell, sumuch. ana. ℈.j. balaustiae, acatiae, ana. ʒ.ss. masticke ℈.ss. bole armoniacke. ℥.j. fine white suger▪ lib. ss. dissolue it in the stilled waters of Plantaine, and roses, and make lozenges. Also this loch is good:Eclig [...]. ℞. of old conserue of roses, of diacotoneon without spices, rob è ribes, rob de berberies ana. ℥.ss. hydromel. ʒ.iij. diamoron. ʒ.v. the powder of diatrion santalon. ℈.ij. red corall, ℈.j. spodium, balaustiae. ana. ℈.ss. bole armoniacke. ʒ.j. syrupe of mirtles as much as shall suffise and make a loch. Moreouer you shall euer haue this water ready made. ℞. sumach, one quarter,A precious water. raine water. lib. 3. in which steepe the sumach a day and a night, then boyle, them, and straine the sumach well and strongly. And in that water, seeth rice, or milcke, or other meates, or at the least way, poure some portion of this water to them. If the fluxe Diarrhaea be caused through flowing of humours from some other member of the bodie you must seeke the cure out of their proper chapters. As for example, if the humours flow from the heade into the stomach: you must returne to those thinges which are spoken of before in the chapiter against distillation or reume, and so doe likewise with other partes of the body.

CAP XIIII. Of the fluxe Lienteria. DE LIENTERIA.

LIENTERIA in Greeke, is a certaine lightnes, or smoothnes of the bowels, euen like as there chaunceth of a scarre without on the skinne of the body. In this disease the bowels do not hold the meate, but they let it slide away before it be chaunged and perfitly digest, euen in the same forme and likenes that it was eaten. Therefore in Latine, it may well be called leuitas, or leuor intestinorum, Causae. and in English, lightnes or smothenes of the bowels. It is caused oftentimes through a grieuous fluxe disenteria by name going afore, which causeth deepe exulceration of the bowels, then scarres that be hard closed togeather and smooth do follow: which scarres by reason of the hard closing, will not suffer the meates to be distributed aboue the body, because the mouthes of the veines, which are wont to drawe nowrishment from the bowelles to them selues, are now stopped. And because of smoothnes (as is aforesaide) the bowels suffer the meates to slide out, before they be perfitly digested. Also this disease is caused many times through weakenes and debilitie of the vertue, that should keepe and holde the meates in the stomach. For this vertue being weake and sickly, the food or meates be neither digested nor distributed: but they are cast forth crude, moist, and nothing chaunged, (the belly being alwayes soluble). Also sometime it engendereth after long fluxe of the wombe. Also sometime when dropsey water, auoideth by the belly, this fluxe Lienteria followeth. Therefore of what cause soeuer this fluxe is engendred, the sicke doth tast or feele no meate,Signa. and it causeth euill state or plight of the bodie. Therefore there chaunceth to the patient continuall seiges, crude and raw, in colour pale or whitish, vnequall and very [Page 97] waterie without anye commixinge of bloode and choler. Alsoe he feeleth a burninge, which spreadeth all ouer the sides, loothinge of meate followeth it.6. Aph. 1. It is a good and a friendely signe in them, that haue had this fluxe longe, if their chaunce to them sharpe and soure belchinges, for it betokeneth that the meate doeth abyde some while in the stomache vntill it beginne to be chaunged.Victus ratio. When this disease chaunceeth, it is easie to perceiue, that you must refreshe and recreate the vertues retentiue and digestiue, aswell of the stomache as of the bowelles by all meanes, and that may chiefelye be done by mynistringe of conueniente meates, and ordeyning of a dyette meete to restoore and refreshe strength. Therefore the fleshe of the byrdes of mountaynes are good, also chickens rosted in whose bellies also must be putte Sumache or masticke, and other thinges which shall be rehearsed in the next chapter. Lette the meat which you giue him, be litle in quantitie and easie of digestion. And if his sieges be sharpe and cholericke, make him meate with rice and Alica and such like, with the which seeth some restrictiue thinges, peares, quinces, meddlars and such other like. Also milcke sodden is good for them, but if their seige bee flegmaticke, you must minister vnto them contrarye meates. Also commixe some what that is pleasaunte and acceptable to the stomache, as is Annyse seede, comyn, or Daucus. In cholericke seiges lette their drincke be wine that is waterye and thinne: but in flegmaticke let the wine be olde and hotte. And generally let him drincke but litle, for muche drincke is not onely in this fluxe Lienteria, but also in all other fluxes of the wombe, most hurtfull. For curinge of this disease, if the fluxe Lienteria be engendred through weakenesse of the vertue of the stomache,Cure of Lienteria of weakenesse of the vertue of the stomach. you must turne to the chapter of weakeneesse of the stomache, and there seeke the cure. But to be shorte you must minister both within and without to the bodye those thinges that doe restraine, and that can strengthen aswell the stomache as also the bowelles. Therefore mynister syruppes of wormewoode, and mintes and other electuaries which doe strengthen the stomache. And you must applye those thinges outwardely, which be rehearsed before in the chapter of Diarrhaea, and shall be taught in the nexte chapter followinge. But this medicine is speciallie good. ℞. oyles of Masticke, wormewoode, myntes, and myrtles. ana. ʒ.ij. pouders of cinnamon chosen, cloues,vnguentum. and galingale. ana. ℈.j. Balaustiae and redde roses. ana. ℈.ss. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment, or vse this cerote. ℞. oyles of masticke, of wormewoode, and of quinces. ana. ℥.j. oyle of myntes. ℥.ss. calamus aromaticus, cloues, franckensence,Cera [...]. ana. ʒ.j. woode of Aloes. ℈.ss. redde roses, whyte saunders and redde. ana. ʒ.ss. masticke, comyn. ana. ʒ.j. Hypochischidos, Acatia, Sumach. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Gallia moschata. ℈.j. with waxe and turpentine as muche as is sufficient, make a cerate.If Lienteria be caused of a scarre. Moreouer to those that youe coniecture haue a scarre, to those the eating of sharpe thinges is profitable, for it causeth a certaine refrication and rubbing open againe of the scarre, also it reuyueth againe the naturall heate, and doeth some what refresh the digestiue vertue. Therefore in this case (as Galen witnesseth in chapter nientie fiue, Artis Medicae) they be good which doe scoure, and wype awaye sufficientlie, and restraine a litle, therefore allwayes commixe scouring thinges with restrictiue medycines. In all other causes of this fluxe Lienteria, you must vse the same kinde of cure, which you doe vse to them that be afflicted with the fluxes Diarrhaea, or Dysenteria.

CAP. XV. Of the fluxe Dysenteria. DE DYSENTERIA.

[Page 98] DYSENTERIA in greeke properly is nothing else then an exulceration of the bowelles. The Latynes call this disease tormina, because through it, the bowells are tormented and fretted verie much with payne. We sayde before properly,4 Kindes of dysenteria. because the greekes recken foure kindes of bloudy Dysenteria, as witnesseth Galen lib. 30. de symptomatum causis. The first is, when 1 bloud is sent furth by circuite through some part of the bodie being cut of, or through some exercise of the former life, being let passe for a time. The second is when waterie bloud, 2 like vnto the water, wherein bloodie fleshe being newe killed, hath bene washed and sooked, is sent out: which chaunceth through weakenesse of the liuer. The thirde is, 3 when there is sent forth an humour more shyning & blacker, then that which is naturall, being commixt of bloode and melancholy. And of these, we doe not speake here, but 4 we speake onely of the fourth kinde, in the which many times by litle and litle, and betweene whyles sometymes is cast out of pure bloode. Also sometyme clodded bloode, or shauing of the bowelles, commeth out with pure bloode. Also many times is cast out thicke dounge sprinckled with droppes of bloode. This fourth kinde (as it is saide) is caused through exulceration of the bowelles,Causae. which sometime chaunceth through outwarde causes, as of colde, heate, and moystnesse. Also through drincking of pernicious and naughtie medicines (as is scammony and such like. Also through eating of fruicte, through cruditie and rawnes, or through eating of sharpe or soure meates, or through sharpe and gnawing humours, flowinge from the whole bodie to the bellie, or engendred in the bellie it selfe. And this beginneth after Tenasmus sometime, and sometyme by it selfe.Signa. The excremententes first are cholericke, diuerse and fattie [...], by reason of the fatte that cleaueth within in the bowells beinge melted. But when the superficies of the bowelles is altogeather bare, and exulceration doeth abyde about it, then the excrementes that come forth, be full of dregges and bloodie. And when the exulceration hath pearced deeper, then also is sent forth filthines, hauing as it were litle peaces of parchemente commixed with it. And if it be not stopped, it eateth and feedeth in shortetime, the places nigh vnto it, and it sendeth forth matterie excrementes,S [...]gnes of exulceration of the [...]. such as are wonte to runne from deade bodies. When the small guttes are exulcerate, there abydeth payne about the nauill, the excrementes are cholerike hauing the colour of a leeke, and altogeather garnished with sundrie colours, commixed with much ordure or dounge. The patiente feeleth greefe and frettinges, and gnawinges and losening, so that the sicke is not farre from faynting and fayling of harte. Also they are troubled with thriste and be feuerous, and the ordure commeth forth crude and rawe, and the bowell called ieiunum is exulcerate, but that is verie seldome: but if it doe chaunce the egestions doe appeare more crude and rawe hauing blacke blood wrapped with it vehemently and yelow choler, and much thirst, and also disposition to vomit doe trouble the sicke. Also sometime they vomit and abhorre meates. Also there remayneth vehement payne aboue the nauill, and sometime also malignaunt feauers doe engender. And they that are so diseased be waxen ill coulored, and doe sweate out euen till faynting and failing of harte. Their strength doeth quickly fayle them,Signes of exulceration of the great bowels. and they be not farre from death. But if the vlceration be engendred in the great bowelles, then the ordure it commeth forth is pure and much and heaped togeather, and commeth out with windines and frothenes sometime. Also fatnesse is commixed with it, and blood swimmeth alofte: as Galen sheweth largely in libro 60. de male affectis locis. For it helpeth greatly to the cure to knowe this thinge. For if the exulceration be in the vpper and smale bowelles, you must goe about to cure by medicines, giuen in at the mouth, but if it be in the great and lower bowelles, it is more conuenient to throwe in clysters. The beginning of the cure of them that haue the fluxe Dysenteria, from whence soeuer the fluxe proceedeth, must be with quiet & rest, and litle meat. Therefore if a feauar do not let it, let him eate milcke new milcked, while it is yet warme:Diet. or it steed of it minister milcke sodden: as we taught before in the chapter of diarrhea. For this first clenseth & purgeth downward, and tempereth togither those thinges [Page 99] which be in the bodie, and last of all it stoppeth and bindeth the wombe. But you must giue him moreouer wet bread after the taking of the milcke. Also pottage prepared of milcke, hath both the nature of medicines, and also they cause good nourishment, as is rice with milcke, amylum, and egges mixed with milcke. Also soupings or pottage made of alica, & milium, sumach, being added to it, is good. Also you must prepare meates of dry bread, pouring to it Posca, or iuice of dates, or quinces, or of peares, or of sumach. Lenticula. Also minister chittes well rosted, with plantaine, or sodden with quinces, brayed: thusing of oyles is not necessary nor needefull, but you shall minister to tast vpon endiue, to both wilde and tame sodden, and plantaine, and colewortes twise sodden. Giue him also the yolkes of egges rosted. Fleshe is not good to be giuen to them that haue the fluxe dysenteria, because they be of a stronger nourishment, and doe striue against digestion: but yet you must giue it to them, that be troubled with this disease longe. Amonge all kinde of fleshe, you must specially chuse birdes, as is partrich, and wood culuers and birdes of mountaines. Amonge foure footed beastes, gotes fleshe and hares fleshe are good. But you must forbidde him the fleshe of cattell that drawe, and of all other foure footed beastes.Potus. From the beginning let him vse for his drinke rayne water which is not fallen from houses couered with leade: For such water being droncke, euen of them that be whole, engendereth the Disenteria: and if good rayne water be not present, you must vse running water, wherein burning steele hath bene quenched. But if the stomach be diseased, or if his strength be cast downe, giue him wine, also let it be restringent and not verie olde.Curatio. Sleepe is the best remeady for them that haue the Disenteria. For this cure you must vse such remeadyes, that doe restraine, stoppe, drie vp, and prouoke vryne, and that doe carry the fluxe some other waye. Restrictiue thinges be these: sorrell seede sumach, gaules,Ads [...]ngen [...]. pomgranate ryndes dryed, bryer roote, lapdamum, acatia, hipocischis, balaustium, willowe leaues, comferie rootes leaues and seede, rheum ponticum, if it may be gotten, roote of Altheae, horsetaile, corall, masticke, hares creame, dragons bloude, the barke of franckensence, terra lemnia, roote of verbascus, plantayne seede, white daysies, a kinde of mallowes called alcea, oxis, sanicula, ophrys, ophioglossum, knotgrasse, sheepeheardes purse, walworte, pedelion, numularia, dragans the male, sharpe mulberies, carnells of grapes, the barcke of maces and such like. These thinges doe stoppe and make temperate the bytyng, gnawing and sharpenesse of humuors, as is Amylum, tragacantha, gummes,Obtunde [...]. tallowe of goates, kiddes, swyne, gease, and hennes. These doe drye vppe: hares creame,Resiccant [...]a. hartes horne burnt, the shelles of crabbes of running water and sage. Thinges to prouoke vryne, you shall finde in his owne place. Therefore if the exulceration be in the great bowels, you must minister clysters first, such as haue power to scoure and clense,Cure if it be in the great bowels. Clyster abstergens. Clyster glutinans. as this is. ℞. of the decoction of whole bareley lib. j. mel rosarum strayned ℥.j. sugar roset. ℥.ss. yolkes of egges in number ij. oyle of roses. ℥.iij. commixt altogeather and make a clyster. Abstersion and cleansing being first done, cast in those thinges that doe glutinate and ioyne togither, as this is. ℞. redde roses, plantaine, leaues of comferie, knotgrasse primerose. ana. M.ss. balaustiae. ʒ.j. ryce burned ℥.j. roote of comferie. ℥.ss. seeth altogeather in water, wherein steele hath bene quenched, vntill the thirde parte be consumed, then strayne it, and take of the iuice of that decoction. ℥.xij. iuice of plantayne. ʒ.ij. acatia hipocischidos. ana. ℈.ij. bole armoniacke, sanguis draconis. ana. ℈.j. gotes tallowe. ℥.j. oyles of roses, mirtelles, quinces. ana. ʒ.j. commixe altogeather and make a clyster. Sometime it doth not onely require thinges to stoppe the vehemencie of the payne, but also medicines that be stupefactiue. Therefore then it is good to vse this clyster.Clyster doloreus leniens. ℞. of goates milcke, or of cowes milcke. lib. j. fresh butter. ℥.j. goates greace. ℥.j.ss. tragacantha, gumme. ana, ʒ.j. yolkes of egges in number iij. pilles of hounds tongue. ʒ.j. oyles of roses. ℥.iij. cōmix altogeather & make a clyster. If there be neede of more stupefactiō vehement: you must augment the weight of the pilles, or else you must adde to the aforesaid weight of pilles .iij. or .iiij. graines of opiū, or more or lesse, according to the vehemency of the paine, & the state of the body. If the exulceration be in the small & thin bowels, then it rather requireth medicines that are giuē in at the mouth. Therfore the decoctiō of restrictiue things, which is afore taught, is good, if you cōmixe with it syrupe of roses & mirtles, & so minister [Page 100] it, [...] and also other medicines which are taught in the chapter of Diarrhea, are good. Also you may conueniently minister this potion. ℞. of the decoction of the roote of comfery, or of some other restrictiue thing. ℥.iij. syrupe of roses. ℥.j. syrupe of mirtles. ℥.ss. powder of the trochiskes of spodium, plantine seede, boyle armoniacke. ana. ℈.ij. commixe altogeather and make a potion. Besides those thinges that are rehearsed in the chapters of Diarrhea and Lienteria, you must apply outwardly vppon the bellie this cerote. ℞. of the oyles of masticke,Opti [...] Cera [...]. roses, mirtles, and quinces. ana. ℥.j. meale of barley and fenugreeke. ana. ʒ.j. of red roses, plantine. ana. ʒ.j. balaustiae, sanguinis draconis, ana. ʒ.ss. bole armoniacke. ʒ.j. hypocischidos, acatia, masticke. ana. ʒ.ij. with waxe and rosen as much as is sufficient, make a cerote. By the examples aforesaide, you may make many other remeadies, which we ouerpasse here.

CAP. XVI. Of Tenasmus. DE TENASMO.

TENASMVS, is a continuall desire to go to the stole or seege, which the patiēt cannot deferre nor eschewe, and yet he auoydeth nothing, except it be a litle bloode,Causa. or filthie matter like sneuell. It is caused oftentimes through outwarde colde, or through humors sharpe and cholericke, or of salt fleume, or impostumation, or of inflammation engendred in the streight gut. Also many times, the stopping of harde dounge in the blinde gut, may cause the Tenasmus. Signa. The Phisition may easily know, if it be caused of outward colde, by the tale of the sicke, because either he hath sitten vpon colde thinges, or he hath taken much colde in winter, or he hath taried long in cold water, you may know the humours by that which he auoydeth, which either be cholericke or flegmaticke. In a botch or byle his egestion is matter and corruption, and he feeleth pricking in the foundament. Inflammation causeth swelling of the right bowell, and greauous paine togeather with a feauer, aboundance of doung causeth feeling of grieuous distention, and stretching out about the bottome of the bellie. The cure is diuerse according to the diuersitie of causes.Curatio. Tenas [...]us of co [...]d. Therefore if the Tenasmus be caused of cold, you must minister pure and vnmixed wine, hote, and you must sprinckle foment and nourish the share, and the partes about the priuy members with hot oyles and foments: as are, oyles of rew and lillies: also branne sodden in wine, & put in a bag, may well be applied to the fondament. Also it is good to throwe in clysters made of the decoction of wild mintes, origan, calamint, chammomill, sothernwood, seede of annyse, fennell & such like, putting to it oyles of dill, chammomill, and lillies. Also it is maruelous good, if you take a very cold tyle which is blacke with smooke, & bray it with the geere that is contayned on it, then commixe it togeather with seething vinegre, & binde it vp in a cloth, and apply it to the fondament by and by after he hath auoided any thing. But if the Tenasmus be caused through cholericke humors withholden & remaining in the bowels & fondamēt you must cast in clisters which haue vertue & power to scoure,Tenasmus of cholericke humours. Clyster abstergens. wash and clense. As this is ℞ of the licour of the decoction of barley lib. j. suger roset. ℥.j.ss. mel rosarum ℥.j. yolkes of egges .ij. oile of roses. ℥.iij. commixe them and make a clister, he must eschew all sharpe things, and he must vse thinges meanly colde and moist, and all those thinges which do stop and temperate the sharpnes of choler. If Tenasmus be caused of flegmaticke humours, it shall be healed like that,Tenasmus of flegmaticke humours. which is caused of cold, onely adding to, and commixing with the clisters, such medicines as haue vertue to purge flume, as is Electuarium nidum, or diaphaemicon, or benedicta laxatina. And if Tenasmus be engendred of inflammation, cast in broth of Ptysan, wherein hath bene sodden a fewe redde roses,Tenasnus of inflammation. Clyster. or if vehement inflammation doe trouble him, minister this clyster. ℞. of the licoure of the decoction plantine. ℥.v. oyle of roses. ℥.ij. the white of one egge, commixe them togeather and make a clyster. Outwardely you must sprinkle, and annoynte the place betweene the pryuie member, & the fondament wiih oyles of rew,Fomentum. & mirtles: or apply this foment. ℞ redde roses, plantayne. [Page 101] ana. M.j. balaustiae. ʒ.iij. sidiorum. ℥.j. mirtle bearies. ʒ.ij. leaues of bryer. ℥.j. seeth altogeather in sufficient water, vntill the third parte be consumed, then wet a sponge in the licoure of that decoction, and apply it to the foundament.Discussiues. Moreouer when there is neede of suppuration, rotting or dissoluing, apply fomentes made of the decoction of the roote of Althaea, of fenugreeke, chammomill, inolilote and branne. If the Tenasmus be caused of an vlcer or botch, first cast in the thinges which haue an abstersiue and clensing vertue:Cure of Tenasmus caused of an vlcer. Vnguentum. and then afterward, things that doe glutinate, and ioyne togither must be vsed, euen as you did in the fluxe Dysenteria. Also this ointment put into the foundament is good. ℞. oyle of roses ℥.j.ss. the muscilage of Tragacantha, and gumme. ana. ʒ.iij. Ceruse, burnt leade, ana. ʒ.ss. Aloes, franckensence. ana. ℈.j. waxe, as much, as is sufficient, make an ointment, wherein dippe linnen clothes, and put them into the tuell. If the paine be wonderfull great, you may adde to the aforesaide thinges, opium. ℈.j.Tenasmus of multitude of dounge. Clyster lenitiue. If the Tenasmus be caused through multitude and aboundance of donge, then in the beginning the doung must be brought out by litle and litle with soluble and gentle clysters, as this is. ℞. Mallowes, Althaea, mercurie, beetes, leaues of blacke violettes. ana. M.j. seedes of fenugreeke and lyneseede. ana. ℥.ss. boyle them all in sufficient quantitie of water to the thirde parte: then take of the licour of that decoction. lib. j. medullae casiae fistularis. ℥.j.ss. common oyle. ℥.iij. salt beaten. ʒ.j. and make a clyster. But of this one thing, you must specially beware,Note. that in this case you do minister no purgation at the mouth, for that woulde bring great perill and destruction to the patient, by reason of drawing of mo excrementes from the whole bodie thither.

CAP. XVII. Of the Cholicke. DE COLI DOLORIBVS.

THE Colick, or paine, which is bred in the gut called Colon of the Greekes is caused many wayes: but it hath foure speciall causes.Causae. For sometime it is engendred through grosse and flegmaticke humours fallen downe within the thinne skinne of the gut Colon. Also sometime through windines, which hath no roume to get out. Also it is caused through inflammation of the grosse and thicke gut stretching out and troubling or vexing. Also it is wont to engender through sharpe and gnawing humours, which do afflict and vexe the aforesaide bowell vehemently.Signes of a grosse humor. Those that haue the colicke engendred of a grosse and flegmaticke humor, they be greaued & vexed aloft, all ouer the Abdomen, (that is) the place which is vnder the mouth of the stomach: specially they are grieued, where the gut Colon lyeth: for there they feele paine, as though the gut were braied or boored through. Also they be fretted, and haue disposition to vomit, belkings, sundry and straung vomitings and specially of fleume. Also the wombe is letted and stopped and sendeth forth nothing, not so much as wind. Also the dounge, which are sometime commeth forth, doth looke like oxes doung, & it is light & full of winde. And there goeth before these thinges continuall vsing of meates that be very colde & of a grosse iuice, also filling with meates, ill digestiō, & crudity, idlenes, & such as be adioyning to these. Those that haue the cholicke caused of windines they feele extension,Signes of windines. Signes of inflammation. stretching forth and bolning. They that haue the Colicke caused through inflammation, they feele inward burning and heat, & no small feauer: also retention both of the vrine & ordure. Also they are troubled with thirst burning heat, disposition to vomit, & vomiting specially of color without any ceasing of the euil at al. And this is the most grieuous & worst kind of colick,Signes of sharpe and gnawing humours. Diet for the colicke caused of flegmaticke and tough humours. which do threaten to turne into the paine of the Iliacapossio. They, that haue the colike engēdred of sharpe & gnawing humors, they be troubled & vexed with burning thirst & watching, yea & smale feauers, the vrine is made sharpe, & cholericke humors are throwen out oftētimes going to the stoole doth raise greater payne & torment. Also meates & drinkes that be hot, being receiued, doe prouooke it grieuouslie. The diet and cure of this disease is diuerse according to the diuers [...]e of the causes. Therfore whē grosse & clammy humours do cause the [Page 102] colicke, the whole diet must be extenuate and made thinne. Therefore let the bread which the sicke shall eate be new and well baked in an ouen or furnace. Flesh is good specially of birdes, as hens, partrich, wood culuers, turtles, blacke byrdes, and doues, he must eschue all kind of soules which do swime or liue in waters, as those thinges which do abound with many superfluities. Among foure footed beastes the flesh of calues and kiddes are good. He must eschew all kinde of pulse, which do maruelous hurt in this disease. For pot herbes, you must vse fennell, apium asperage and such like. Also it will not hurt to take garlicke & oynions raw. To be short, let his food be easie of digestion and engendring good iuice. Let him eschew fulnes and cruditie: he must drinke wine that is somewhat restrictiue, white, thinne, shining, of meane age, temperatly alayed, and let him drinke but litle. For the cure of the cholicke caused of grosse humours:Cure of Colicke caused of grosse humours. you must cure it so, that you doe not heate vehemently with no medicines, for such remeadies doe spread abroad, puffe vp, & make windy all cold & grosse humours, which puffing vp and spreading in the bowels doth cause more vehement paine. Therefore it is good to deuide, cut, & digest those humours without vehement paine or heate: and by vsing of those things which do not puffe vp and make windy. Therefor in his sharpe & extreeme paine make irrigations of the oyles of rew, chamomill, and dill. Also make fomentes and sacculi of the flowers of chamomill, dill, and melilote, seedes of flaxe, of fenugreke, of Althaea, of mill & branne. Also clisters made with the oyles aforesaid, and with the decoction of the aforesaid herbes are maruelous good, or with the decoction of the roote of wild cucumbers, putting to it comin, or rew, with goose greace,Clyster. or hens greace after this sort: ℞. mallowes, Althaea, chamomill, Mercury, dill, ana. M.j. origan, calamint, peniroiall. ana. M.ss. seedes of flaxe, fenugreeke, comin, louage. ana. ʒ.iij. seeth altogether with well water, of iust quantity vntill the third part. Then take of the licour of that decoction being strained lib. 1. Hierapicra. ℥.ss. benedicta laxatina. ʒ.v. of Electuarium nidum. ʒ.j.ss. of melrosarum streined. ℥.ss. of oyles of chamomill, dill and rew, ana. ℥.j. the yolkes of egges in number two, common salt. ʒ.j. commixe all togeather and make a clyster. Also the putting in of suppositaries, and annointing of the foundament made by iuice of Cyclaminum, with hony and salt peter, or centorie with hony and salt peter do profit. [...]. Example of a suppositorie is this. ℞. of hony sodden. ℥.j.ss. pouder of hierapicra, ʒ.j. colochinthid [...]s. ℈.j sal gemme. ℈.ss. commixe them and make long suppositories. Also vomiting before supper,Vomitus. if the patient can vomit easily, doth helpe aboue all other thinges. Moreouer after the purging, if the paine hath bene prolonged forth many dayes, let him go into a great vessell of hot oyle if it may be had.In [...]ession. Also it is good to sit in the decoction of Athaea, peniroyall, lawrell leaues, fenugreeke, chamomill, mootherworte, dill and such like. [...] absynthytes. The most conuenient medicine against the cholicke, is wine wherein wormewood hath bene infused or sodden, if they neede drincking after a bathe: it is also verie profitable for them that they thirst not. Also decoction of the herbe it selfe, when it hath once boyled being commixed with wine, may commodiouslie be ministred after a bath. Also Castoreum continually dronke,Castoreum. doth destroy the disease vtterly: and it is better then all medicines. It is ministred to the sicke. ʒ.j. in three Ciathes, of Aqua mulsa. And if the payne doe not cease and rest, you must minister diatrion piperion or theriaca. If that the payne be vehement, [...] it is good to vse medicines, that doe meanly ease, make soluble, and mitigate, aswell put in beneath as also giuen to drinke. For you must eschew those thinges that doe stupefact and astony strongly, because they doe somewhat ease and mitigate, but they make the disease longer by making the humors more grosse, & thickning of the passages of the bowels. If the cholicke be caused of windines, you must cast in clisters, that doe dissolue winde,Cure of the colicke caused [...] Clyster. as is this, ℞. sothernewood, origan, peniroyall, calamint, chammomill, ana. M.j. rew, mints, wildemintes. ana. M.ss. seedes of annyse, fennell, carawayes, comin, dil, louage, and daucus, an. ʒ.ij. seeth altogeather vnto the thirde parte. Then take of the licour of that decoctiō strained. lib. j. hierapicra, benedicta laxatina. ana. ℥.ss. Castoreum. ʒ.j. powder of diacuminum. ʒ.ij. oyles of rew and dill, ana. ℥.j.ss. common salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixe thē altogeather and make a clister. [...] Also there may be added to the aforesayde thinges the confection of bay bearyes: for there is nothing of more effect to dissolue and driue awaye windinesse. Also it is good to minister dayly the quantitie of an hasell nut of the saide [Page 103] decoction or electuarie of laurell beries in the decoction of some cutting and extenuating medicine. Applie outwardly vpon the bellie aloft, fomentes and irrrigations of such things as do disperse and scatter windinesse, as these be, besides the afornamed things nigella animi, parsley bitter Almondes, blacke pepper, wilde mints, bay beries, wormewood, nettleseede, gladon, marioram, Cinnamon and others, of these therefore you may make Cataplasmes, foments, and bagges.Note. But that which farre excelleth all the rest (as Galene witnesseth) is a great cupping glasse fastened lightly with aboundant flame to the whole bellie aloft, which doth maruelouslie as it were by inchauntment.Diet. Let the sicke beware of and eschewe wine that is alayed, and drinking of cold water, and also from vsing of milke and other things that do coole, and from meates and drinkes which engender windinesse. And let him rather vse to drinke wine that is vnmingled and pure, and let him vse a diet which doth heate and out or deuide. If the collicke be caused of inflammation of the bowels,Cure of collick caused of inflammation. you must open the paine in the arme. But if difficultie and hardnesse of makinge water, do rule and beare a sway, you must draw bloud from the veines of the anckle. Also you must vse the aforesayd remedies, excepting sharp things, and vehement purgers. And you must rather vse clysters mitigating and easing paine, also Cataplasmes and irrigations, and going down into oile. Also fasten to them cupping glasses. Let his diet be thinne, almost the diet of feuers,Diet. Cure of collick caused of sharp & gnawing humours. vntill the inflamation be slaked. And if the collicke be caused through sharp and gnawing or fretting humours, it is good to poure in at the fundament those things that can wash out and purge those humours without any mordacitie and gnawing: as is broth of Ptisan, or the decoction of fenugreeke, lineseede, chammomill, and Althaea, with fresh goose grease, or hennes grease and oyle of roses. This clister is specially good. ℞. leaues of violets,Clyster. both the tame endiues, leaues of Althaea, chammomill. ana. M.j.ss. seedes of fenugreeke, flaxe, ana. ℥.ss. boile these in iust quantitie of water, vntill the third part be consumed. Then take of the licour of that decoction being strayned, ℥.xiij. casia fistula. ℥.j. hierapicra. ʒ.vj. oyle of roses. ℥.ij. oyle of dill. ℥.j. goose greace and hennes greace. ana. ʒ.iij. yolkes of egges in number ij. commixe them all, and make a clister. Moreouer you must not onely purge the hurtfull and corrupt humours, but also you must temper and moderate them. Therefore he must vse bathes of sweete water, for they do mitigate and also prouoke sleepe: for which purpose minister syrupe of violets, and roses, and such like, which are able to temperate, & stop the violence of the gnawing humours. Also he must vse souping meates as Ptysans, Victus ratio. and brothes of fishes of stony places. He must abstaine from all hote and sharp things, whether they be meates or medicines, or cataphasmes or foments, or irrigations that be hote: as also he must abstaine from drinking of wine, especially from old wine. And to be short, let his whole diet be cold and moist. If the paine be not a whit released, but do rage more vehemently, then you must come to the vsing of stupefactiue things.Stupefac [...]tia. For in this disease they do not onely pleasure and profit by astonying of the sense and feeling: but also because they make the thinne humours more thicke and grosse, and do quench the intollerable heate. Among stupefactiue things Philonium is specially good,Philonium. Pilulae de Cynegloss [...]. of the which you may minister for the most part one whole drachme. Also pilles of hounds tongue are maruelouslie good, if as is afore taught you do make sixe pilles of, ʒ.j. and minister one of them to be swallowed before they go to bed. But there be very manie things which do helpe the collick with their whole vertue and substance. Among the which white dong of a wolfe taken with water, or thinne white wine is not the worst. That dong is better which hangeth on herbs or bushes, then that which toucheth the ground. Also the said dong of the wolfe,Lib. 9. cap. 31 easethe the collicke being bound to the Ilions. Greene mintes as Aetius affirmeth, sodden awhile and dronk iij. dayes healeth Collickes.

CAP. XVIII. Of Iliaca passio. DE ILEO.

THE Iliaca passio, is a disease causinge most grieuous & deadly paine in the small guttes. The Latines do call this disease, voluulus & connoluulus. The barbarous do call it Iliaca passio. Causa. This disease is caused through continuall corruption & cruditie [Page 104] of meates, but specially offat meates, which, if they be without corruption and being withholden, they engender obstructions in the small guttes. Also it is engendred of certaine stripes and blowes in certaine places in which the small guttes do lye. Also through vehement cold restrayning, and with holding of the excrements. Moreouer through aboundant drinking of cold things, specially if much be taken when they sweate. Also it chaunceth to them, whose bowels be fallen into the coddes togethr with the dong: and being violentlie thrust backe from thence againe, and through that it is enflamed. Also it is caused through drinking of deadly medicines, & through hard dong being impact about the thinne bowell. For the most part this disease is engendred either through inflammation, or through obstruction of the drie dong. This disease is common to children, but yet they escape it, through helpe of naturall humiditie. It is not wont to chaunce verie often to olde men: but if they chaunce to haue it,Signa. they almost be neuer rid of it. They that haue this disease haue most vehement paine, and some swelling of the thinne and small gutts sticketh out, that it seemeth wounden together like a string called Chorda, whereupon manie do call this disease Chordapson, also there is ouer much moistnesse of the stomach, loosenesse, vaine and empty belkings, and doing no ease, rumbling and noyse of the bowelles, perfect stopping and letting of the dong and of windinesse. If the euill do increase and waxe greater, he auoideth all vpward, and therefore he vomiteth vp fleume and choler, he hath coldnesse of the whole bodie, and paine. Also to manie there chaunceth difficultie and hardnesse of breathing. Moreouer to them that shall die there chaunceth colde sweat, difficulty and hardnesse of making water, yea the foundament is so bound and close; that no small instrument will enter in. And sometime dong is cast vp by vomitting. For the cure of this disease, you must cure children with irrigations,Curatio. cataplasmes, clysters, suppositories and foments as is declared in the chapter of the Collicke. But the cure of them that be of age must differ according to the diuersitie of causes.Cure of it come of [...]. Therefore if Iliaca passio be caused of cruditie and ill digestion, and thorough deuouring and eating of manie and diuerse meates which yet remaine in the stomach: you must prouoke vomite with thinges aforesayd. But if there do remaine no raw and vndigest meates in the stomach, you must go about by all meanes, to draw out beneath, aswell windinesse as also the dong: and that must be done by clisters, suppositories, and annointinges with great diligence in ech of them. Therefore you must cast in this clyster. ℞. Mercurie, Rewe,Clyster. leaues of Althaea, centorie. ana. M.j. hysope, calamint, wormewoode, ana. M.j.ss. roote of Althaea, ℥.j. roote of wilde cucumber. ʒ.j.ss. seedes of flaxe and faenugreeke. ana. ʒ.iij. seedes of commin. ʒ.ij. boyle them in iust quantitie of water, vntill the third part be cō sumed, then take of the liquor of that decoction being strained. ℥.xiiij. of benedicta laxatina. ℥.j. fresh butter, melrosarum strayned. ana. ℥.ss. oyles of Rewe, and dill. ana. ℥.j.ss. common salt. ʒ.j. commixe them altogether and make a clyster, and cast it in before meate: but if the euill be vehement, cast it in also after meate. And you must warne the pacient, that he doe hold it as long as he can. Also you must make suppositories, as you doe for the Colick, putting to them seeds of rew,Glandes. comin, and stalkes of colewortes, And you must make them the lōger, [...] Cataplasmae. that they may pearce the deeper. Also you must annoint the fundament with iuice of Cyclaminum, or honie with nitrum or salt peter. The foments and cataphasmes, wherwith this euill is cured, be almost such as are spoken of in the chapter of the Collicke. Also fomentes made of wooll wet in oyle, wherin commin, dill, rewe, and cresses hath bene sodden, be verie good. Also emplaisters made of lineseede, faenugreeke, barley meale, darnell meale, rewe, cōmin, seedes of dill and apium are good. Also it is good to discend into a vessel filled with water and oyle: but seeth in the water Althaea, rewe, and dill. After these, fasten on cupping glasses,Cucurbind [...]. Purgatio. first lightly to places somewhat farre of, and then also to the places that are grieued, making deepe scarifications. Also it is good to minister purgations, specially if the dong be drawne out first by such thinges as are afore rehearsed. It is maruelous good if they vomite, by drinking dill sodden. After drinking, cast bread into scalding water, & minister peeces of it to eate by and by hote. They that haue the Iliaca passio engēdred through taking of some venimous medicine,Cure of Iliaca passio caused of p [...]ison. you must giue them much warme water, and let them drinke it, and constraine them to vomite. After that you must giue them hote oyle in drinke, or fat broth, that they may vomite againe. After, within a fewe dayes giue him theriaca dissolued [Page 105] in wine, and let him eate meates of good iuice. And if the obstruction do continue still emptie the bellie with milke, with a little scammonie or Aloës, Cure if it be of inflammation. or some other purging medicine. If the Iliaca passio be engendred through inflammation, you must beginne with bloud letting: then you must fasten cupping glasses about the inflamed partes scarifiing them. Also cast in clysters made of the decoction of mallowes, faenugreeke, lineseede, with oyle and butter. Also applie outwardly those things, that are good against inflammations, and do ease paine, you must prescribe vnto them a most thinne diet.Cure if it be of falling of the bowels into the coddest If the Iliaca passio be caused through falling of the bowels into the coddes, you must by and by labour (the patient lying vpright) to thrust backe againe the bowels that are fallen down to the share, and keepe it vp easily without violence or pressinge of it together, with bandes and trusses applied, conuenient for it.

CAP. XIX. Of wormes. DE LVMBRICIS.

THERE be three kindes of wormes. The first be round and long, named teretes. The second be brode, called therefore Lati. The third: those be called ascaridoes. The first kind of wormes called teretes:Teretes. according to their thicknesse they be round and a hand breadth in length, and sometime longer, and they be commoner then other. They be often in the slender and small guttes, and they go into the stomach, and therefore they are voyded often by the mouth, and to some also they come out at the nosthrilles. And this kind of wormes is peculiar to infants & children, and boyes, and girles. The second kinde of wormes called Lati, Lati. be broade and longe like a gard or band. They be of incredible length as Plinie witnesseth, lib. 2. cap. 3.3. Sometime they are seene three hundred foote long, and sometime more. This kind of worme (as Paulus and Aetius witnesse) is nothing else but a permutation and chaunging of the thinne filmes going about the small guttes within, into a certaine liuing bodie, that will moue and stirre. The third kinde of wormes called Ascarides, be thinne and short like small wormes.Ascarides. They be found most commonly in the right gut, and in the end of the fundament. All the afore kindes be engendred and caused of crude, rawe, grosse, and fleugmatike mater,Causae. and through conuenient rottennesse, such as is gathered specially in children, and in other great eaters. They that haue round wormes, do feele incredible gnawing of the bowelles,Signs of round wormes, teretes and of the stomach, thinne and small coughes, and oftentimes prouoking and drie. In manie there followeth yesking and sleepe with mouing of the stomach: and also they do arise vp vnreasonablie. Manie do awake and leape vp with noyse & crying out, & fall asleepe againe: but some do both put foorth their tongue, & shut their eyes and be quiet, and keepe silence, & do fret & fume with them which raise them, because they cannot watch they be so weake. Some haue their eyes sprinkled with bloud, and a pulse that is vnequall, obscure, fayling & running backe. Also to manie there chaunceth losse of appetite. Children, while they slepe do chewe their tongue, and also fashioning of their mouth as though they sucked or receaued meate. Also to some there chaunceth gnashing of the teeth. But these things are done by little and little and betweene whiles. To some they runne foorth into the stomach, and do cause gnawing and disposition to vomit, and the pacients refuse meate: and if they be compelled to eate, they scarce can swallowe that which they take, or they vomit it vp againe. In manie the bellie doeth throw out corrupt meates, and is puffed vp like as it were a timpanie. The rest of the bodie it doth consume and make leane without reason, neither fasting going before, nor vnmeasurable purging being made. Also it chaunceth sometime the face to be made verie red, specially about the balles of the cheekes: but this colour turneth againe into swartnesse. Some do speake foolish thinges in their sleepe like franticke persons. Some chaunge the place that they lie downe in, and tumble, and cast them selues from place to place: they increase feuers in them without order with vehement coldnesse of the extreme partes, hauing fittes the third or fourth day without order. But also these signes [Page 106] and tokens altogether which we haue now rehearsed, must not euerie one of them be looked for in euerie bodie: but the chiefest of them & sometime manie. Brode wormes do bring continuall gnawing of the stomach, and an impotent, and incorrigible appetite to meate. For the worme that is in the guttes,Signs of brode wormes, Lati. deuoureth the meate that is eaten, so that he hath need of more straight way, and except he eate straight way, the bowelles are gnawne: they that are thus diseased there followeth slendernesse and weakenesse of the body with inequality. The most sure and infallible signe is, if certaine things like cucumber seedes be auoided out with the egestion or excrements.Signes of Ascarides. Ascarides do raise a vehement itch in the fundament, and do prouoke the patient to go to the stoole continuallie. And they that be troubled with this disease, for the most parte be the better after egestion and easing of themselues. Let their diet be hote and dry, specially if the pacient lacke a feauer, and let them vse meates of good iuice, and which will soone be dispersed throughout the whole body: and such as do not increase the cause that ingendreth wormes. Therfore all meates are to be eschewed, which can ingender fleugmaticke humours. Moreouer they that are troubled with wormes, must be nourished and fed liberally, and may not suffer hunger: because the wormes, except they haue meate to feede on, they then by and by gnawe the hard partes of the bodie: but giue thē meate at that time, specially when they are not altogether emptie. Let them drink watery wine.Curatio. For the cure it is not to be spared: and somtime if there be a feuer with it, you must haue respect to that, and to the worms also: & sometime you neede to be carefull but a little for the feuer, and you must be diligent notwitstanding to get the wormes out of the bodie. Therefore when many haue not spied and knowen this, it commeth to passe for lacke of heede taken to auoide the wormes, that they be gnawen and eaten of them, and so being pulled and gnawne, they die. The cure aswell of the round wormes, as of the flat wormes, consisteth in this point, that you may driue them out of the bodie being first killed. They are killed specially with bitter medicines, among which (if a feuer be not present) these simples are good:Simples to kill wormes. wormewood, Scryphium, which is a kind of wormewood growing in the sea, sothernwood, calamint, horehound, dittaine, hysope, rew, leaues of persica, coriāder seeds, harts horne, lupins mints, penyroyall, origan, Centorie, ferne, gentian, aristolochia rotund [...], garlike, seede of coleworts, and roote of enula campana. To these, if a feauer be present, you must adioyne the seedes of both the endiues and also the iuice of ther herbes, and myxaria. Al [...]es. Among all other the most commendable remedie is aloes. Therfore if infants will hardly take aloes because it is so bitter, you must keepe them vpright with bandes, & their mouth being opened & separated, you must cast it in against their wils by a certaine pipe strengthned with a long splent. Of these aforsaid simples now rehearsed, there may be made diuerse cōpounds,Co [...]p [...]sita. as decoctions, powders, cataplasmes, emplaisters, & oyntments. Among other things this powder is onely good.Puluis. ℞. of wormeseede. ʒ.ij. of centorie, wormwood, hartes horne burnt. ana. ʒ.j. calamint, peniroyall, origan. ana. ℥.ss. sothernwood, mintes, lupines, leaues of aristolochia rotunda. ana. ℈.j. aloes. ℈.ij. commix them altogether, & make a powder, of the which, minister the weight of one drachme, or halfe a drachme, accordinge to the age and state of the bodie of the sicke, in milke or hony or syrupe of liquorice: for those things, which do kill the wormes, must bee ministred with sweet liquors, that thereby the wormes may tast of the medicine the sooner being allured by the sweetnesse of it, that is ministred with it. Annoynt the nauill you must outwardly with bulles gall, or with this ointment.Vnguent [...]. ℞. oyles of bitter almondes, and of wormewood. ana. ℥.j. Bulles gall. ℥.ss. Centorie, wormewood, lupines. ana. ℈.ij. leaues of persica, hartes horne burnt, aloes, sothernwood, ana. ℈.j. waxe as much as is sufficient and make an oyntment. Or applie all ouer the stomach this Cerate. ℞. aloes, Caerat [...]. wormewood, meale of lupines. ana. ʒ.ij. nigella, mintes, origan, penyroyall, horehound. ana. ʒ.j. centorie, calamint. ana. ʒ.ss. oyles of wormewood, & bitter almonds. ana. ℥.ij. oleum costinum. ℥.j. bulles gall. ℥.ss. with waxe and rosen, as much as shall suffise, make a Cerote. By examples of these you may easily make emplaisters and cataplasmes, so that I neede not to rehearse here an example of ech of them. Moreouer it is good to cast in beneath abundance of mulsa, that thereby the wormes being allured by the sweetnesse of the hony, may creepe downward. But when the wormes were killed by the aforesaid medicines you must driue them out without delay: for there proceedeth a vicious [Page 107] exhalation from them, which both destroyeth appetite and hurteth digestion, and being lifted vpward it causeth sweamiegs, and other euilles. The wormes being killed are driuen out for the most part by suppositories and purgations,Pillulae. Rufi. Cure if flux of the womb be ioyned with wormes. but specially by hierapicra and pillulae pestilentiales or rufi, which haue a maruelous efficacie in killing and bringing out of worms. But those that are troubled with wormes and with flux of the wombe also: those you must cure by thickening of the flux, and by chaunging the digestion into a better state, aswel with meates, as also with cataplasmes: for the more that the fluxe preuaileth, so much the more the engendring of wormes is increased: and againe the fluxe ceasing, the wormes do rest and pause. Therefore you must diligently labour to stop and restraine the wombe, and to ad stedfastnesse and strength vnto it. Therefore minister iuice of plantaine: or else let him take dried plantaine: for both haue like efficacie aswell against the fluxe, as also against worms. Also make cataplasmes, cerotes and oyntments of raw barley meale, pomegranate rindes, hypocischidos, and such like restrictiue thinges: but adde vnto them those thinges which be good to kill wormes. Restrictiue medicines are good to be applied outwardly for this cause, because they do corroborate and strengthen againe the stomach, being hurt through often vsing of bitter medicines. Also it is lawfull in this case to minister earth wormes being dried, and beaten to pouder with hydromel. The wormes called Ascarides, Cure of worms called Ascarides. being in children that be infants, they must be brought out with suppositaries made of honie and salt. In thē that be elder they must be brought out wich clysters, made either with sharp brine, or with decoction of worme wood, centorie, calamint, lupines, penyroyall, and other aboue rehearsed putting to oyles. After ministration of clisters, annoint the straight gut, or foundadament with these simples, (that is) Acatia, hypocischidos, iuice of Sumache, or some other restrictiue medicine. For the flesh being constrained by restrictiue things, it looseth the habilitie, that engendreth the wormes, and it excludeth and shutteth out the ascarides. But this that followeth is good both for children, and for those that be of greater age, and is most effectuous. Take olde flesh that is poudred, cut of the fat, and fashion it long and round, like a suppositarie fit for the fundament and thrust it into the tuell: applying a ligament or band, and let it alone within, as long as they can suffer it, then losen it and draw it out together with the wormes, that stick on it. After that you shall poure in the things aforesaid, and also annoint it as is aforesaid.

CAP. XX. Of the hemmorhoides. DE HEMMORHOIDIBVS.

THE Hemmorhoides is an vnfolding and spreading abrode of the vaines in the tuell. Of these some be blinde, which do swell and do send out none,Cocae. Apertae. or very little bloud, some be open, which be set wide open abroade certaine times, and do send foorth bloud.Causae. The hemmorhoides are caused through dreggie & melancholy blound, when there is aboundance thereof, which the liuer sendeth to those vaines. The signes whereby this euill is knowen, neede not to be required.Signa. For the blind hemmerhoids may be seene with eyes, and they cause vehement paine, specially in auoiding the dong. But the open hemmerhoides do bleede, therefore the patient cannot be ignorant what they be. Therefore when blinde hemmerhoides appeare,Curatio c [...]car [...]. and do rayse great tormenting in the fundament, if the bodie be full of humours, cut the veyne of the hamme or of the anckle bones. Also you must make the bellie soluble aboundantly, left the drie dong, while it is sent foorth, do engender paine. Also you must apply where vehement paine is, those things that can and will mitigate. Among which are crummes of bread steeped in milke, and sodden with yolkes of egges, and applied like a plaister. Also it profiteth to sit in a bath made of the decoction of mallowes, violet leaues, melilot, faenugreeke, chammomill, leaues of althaea, lineseede, floures of rose campion, and such like. And if the patient cannot vse that, wet woll or a sponge in the said decoction, and applie it to the griefe. And if these aforesaid things do no good, you must get out bloud of them. Therefore put [Page 108] into the euell,To open the [...] woll annointed with iuice of cyclaminum, or with onions, or with oxe gall. The same effect also hath the iuice of centorie, doues dong, staues acre, figge leaues: if they be rubbed with it, and also the pulpe of Colocynthidis steeped in the oyle of bitter almondes.Emplastrum. Among many other, this emplaister is verie good. ℞. of doues dong. ℥.ss. seede of staues [...]cre, lupines. ana. ʒ.j.ss. bitter almonds. ʒ.j. pulpe of coloquintida. ʒ.ss. iuices of cycla [...]inum, and onions. ana. ℥.j. commixe them altogether, and make it like a plaister, putting to it if neede be, oyle of bitter almonds. But to take away the paine presently, vse this following. ℞. elder leaues. M.j. boile them in water, vntill they be verie tender, then take a peece of scarlet, as much as a mans hand or greater, and wet it in the decoction, and lay it to the place as warme as may be suffred, and when it is cold lay it to againe, being wet, in the same decoction as before. Do thus v. or vj times together, then lay the herbes vpon the same skarlet, lay the herbes verie hote also, this doth mollifie the hemmorhoides, and seaseth the paines verie quickly, which my selfe haue often prooued. Also you may put long suppositaries in the foundament,Glandes. made of the roote of Cyclaminum. Also bloudsuckers, or horse leaches, being included in a reede, so that they can put foorth, but only their head, are wont to be put to the hēmorhoids to open thē, & if you cannot pull them away easily, strew ashes vpon their heades, and you shall make them to fall of alone. But if the hemmorhoides be open,Curatio aper [...]a [...]um. and do auoide out bloud meanely at certaine times, they may not be stopped, for the bursting out of such bloud doth cause men that haue this disease, to be free from manie other diseases. Which thing Hypocrates witnesseth, where he saith in Epidemys, these words. They which haue the hemmorhoides,6. Epid. par. 3. [...]ph. 19 neither be vexed with paine of the sides, nor inflammation of the longs, nor a feeding vlcer, nor with felons, or cattes heare, nor with terniuithis, nor with the leprie, nor with morphue. But if the hemmorhoides do throw out bloud immoderately, or longer then they should do, so that the patient do consume and wast away with this euill, and their strength decayed and throwne downe, they must be stopped by and by: but otherwise there is perill in stopping them, but in this case it is to doubt, lest the dropsie should follow, the liuer being cooled through moderate vacuation & purging. Therfore let those that be so emptied and purged out of measure,Diet. vse meats that haue but little bloud, and that do engender but little superfluities or excrements, & which also do drie and restraine, as is Alica and rice. Of potherbes, endiue, succorie, purslane, and such like. Commix his meate with sumach, and iuice of vnripe grapes. If his strength be much weakened, you must nourish and feede the sicke with meate thus, you must straine out the iuyce that is in the meate, and commix with it iuice of quinces, and let him soupe that vp, he must drinke wine that is restrictiue.Curatio. For the cure if there be abundance of humours in the bodie, it profiteth to cut the inner veine of the right hand in the arme: but if there be not, you must studie to auert and tourne away the bloud by fastening of cupping glasses to the sides, and to the liuer. For the which purpose it is good to bind the handes and the feete with bands, and to vse sharp & hard frictions & rubbings. Morouer you must minister within the body those things which do restraine, as are, syrupes of Roses, of mirtles, and of quinces, red corall, bole armoniacke, trochistes of ambre, of spodium, of terra lemnia, and other which be rehearsed in the Chapter of spitting of bloud. Also applie those thinges outwardly, which can stoppe bloud that floweth. Among which as Aëtius witnesseth. lib. 14. cap. 5. is aloës laid on with Posca. The same effect also hath scales of iron or burnt lead. This medicine is notable good which is described of Galen lib. 5. therap. method. ℞. of frankensence one part, of Aloes one part and a halfe,Medicamentū Gal [...]ni. commixe them with the white of an egge, vntill all come to the thicknesse of hony, and lay it vpon the soft hayres of an hare, and apply it to the place that bleedeth, being bound outwardly with bandes of fine linnen. Also ointments, bathes, incessions, fomentes, and other such like medicines, made of things hauing a restrictiue vertue do profit, whereof you shall finde manie examples before in the Chapters of diarrhaea, lieuteria, Dysenteria and tenafinus. [...]cculi. And if you shall vse little bagges, it is best, before you apply them, to boyle them in wine that is red and restrictiue, or at the least to sprinkle them with it. Examples of other medicines seeke before.

[Page 109]

CAP. XXI. Of the falling out of the tuell. DE PROCIDENTIA ANI.

IT chaunceth sometime, that resolucion or weakenes of the ouertwhart muscles which do plucke the fundament vpward, doth cause the tuell to fall out.Causa. Wherefore seing it cannot be drawen backeward againe, nor pulled vpward of the aforesaid muscles, it hath neede of handes or medicines to put it vp againe. When the tuell is fallen out, you must dilgently consider,Curatio. whether it be free from inflammation or no, for if it be not enflamed at all, it must by and by be thrust & put to his former place by compulsion. And because it must not fall out again, after that it is thrust in, and put vp into his own place, you must apply restrictiue medicines outward to it. Therefore first, you must annoint it about with oyle of roses being warmed, or scoure the tuell with restrictiue wine, and then being put vp againe into his place, you must bind him vp. And that you must do by & by, as soone as the sick hath bin at the stoole, least that, when necessitie constrayneth them to go to the stoole againe, the tuel should fall out againe. You must applie a lineament of acatia and hypocischidos with wine. Also you must seeth in water till it be red, gaules, balustiae, shelles of mast, pomegranate rindes, daisies, sumach, shales of quinces and such like, and afterward of that decoction make incessions and washing. But after that the tuell is washed with wine or with some restrictiue decoction then it is lawful to strew vpon it, & to apply to it dry medicines. For which purpose you may applie bole armoniake, frankensense, sanguis draconis, galles, acatia, mirrhe, hypoci [...]chidos, harts horn, & such other restrictiue medicines, as we haue rehearsed often before. But if the tuell thorough inflammation be so swollen, that it cannot be thrust vp againe: if the body be full of humours, you must first cut a veine, and prouoke vomit. And also you must apply to the tuell by & by in the beginning, those things that do restraine & stop or appease: but if there be no abundance of humors in the body, let the sick vse incessions of the decoction of Chammomill, mallowes, althaea, lineseede, fenugreek, and such like, or let him descend into hote water, & tarie in it for a time. Also it is lawfull to apply a sponge or woll wet in the decoction. Moreouer you must annoint the tuell with oyles of chammomill, & dill, vntill it may be put vp: for they because of their dissoluing vertue, do readily take away the swelling, and do also cause, that it may be put vp againe, without any difficultie or paine. But after it is put vp againe, then you must vse the aforsaid restrictiue medicines, that it fall not out againe.

CAP. XXII. Of the clefts of the fundament. DE RIMIS ANI.

CLEFTES of the fundamēt be chaps which are made in the muscle that shutteth the fundament, or in the circle round about the fundament, they be like the chaps, which are made through a north wind on the lips.Causae. They ar caused through flowing of sharp humors, or through inflāmation, or through extentiō of the swelling of the tuel. This euil is apparēt to the eyes,Signa. & therfore we neede to shew no signes to declare it by. For the cure, if the clefts of the fundament be engendred of sharp humors, then they first of all must be purged & tēpered.Curatio. But if it be caused through swelling of the fundament caused of inflammation, you must likewise vse at the beginning purging, medicines. Also the bellie all the time of the cure must be kept soluble with meates that do moisten, and fat meates, least drie dong should hinder, and tarie the conglutination. Of such qualities be mallowes, spinache, milcke of sweete Almondes, soft egges, fat broth, and such other like. But to the chappes them selues you must vse this oyntment. ℞. of the oyles of roses and mirtles. ana. ℥.j. franckensence,Vnguentum. masticke, litarge, sanguis draconis. ana. ℈.j. aloës, burnt lead, ceruse, balaustiae, bole armoniake. ana. ℈.ss. white wax asmuch as is sufficient, make an oyntment. Or thus. ℞. oyle of Roses.Aliud. [Page 110] ℥.j.ss. galles, mirrhe, terra lemnia. ana. ℈.j. roote of comferie, roch a lume, burnt lead. ana. ℈.ss. the yolke of an egge being rosted, wax as much as is sufficient, and make an ointmēt. VVith these oyntments you must annoint the cleftes, thrise on a day, but wash them first with decoction of roses, galles and fidiorum. And if burning and inflammation do vexe the diseased place, you must annoint it with vnguentum album camphoratum.

CAP XXIII. Of the weaknes of the liuer. DE IMBECILLITATE IECINORIS.

Caus [...]. WEAKENESSE of the liuer is caused of distempure either hote, cold, moist, or drie. Hote distempure doth rost, and as it were burne vp as well the humours which were before in the liuer, as also those humours, which are caried to the liuer by the veynes mesenterij. But cold distempure doth make the flegmatike and rawe humour, which is alreadie contayned in the liuer, grosse and tough and hard to be moued, and the humours that be caried to the liuer, it leaueth them halfe digested. Drie distempure doth make the humours drier and thicker. Moist distempure doeth make the humours thinne and more waterie. Therfore they which haue weake facultie and strength of the liuer they are called hepatici, as Galen sayth. Hote distēpure vexing the liuer, there are colliquations, Signa. first of the humours, and after that of the liuer it selfe: also choler that is stinking and grosse is auoided by the belly, and is aboundantly coloured: also a feuer vexeth him, he abhorreth meate and casteth vp choler. Moreouer thirst doth trouble thē, their vrine is ruffe, and the pulse is swift. VVhen there is cold distempure, they make not many excretions, nor much in quantitie, the euill endureth long, & the belly floweth certaine dayes aboundantly. But the egestions be lesse stinking, then those which be melted through heat, neither haue they colour also nor thickenesse, but are like putrifact bloud which is curded. And if you do diligently marke it, it is neither curded bloud, nor blacke bloud, but as it were certaine slime and dregges of grosse bloud comming nigh to melancholie. And also diuerse and manie colours of the excrementes do signifie cold distempure. Also in it there appeareth a faint feuer. The face doth not fall, and he hath greater appetite of meates. To either of these distempures, if there come drinesse, the excrements will be drier and l [...]sse and the sicke wil be more thirstie. But if moistnesse come to either of them, the egestions will be more liquide and more aboundant,Curatio. and they shall be lesse troubled with thirst. For the cure the chiefe point is to amend the griefe by conrraries. Therefore you must coole a hoate distempure,Note. and heate a cold distempure. Likewise you must moisten a drie distempure, & dry a moisture. But in the cure this onely must also be considered that in all medicines for the liuer, that as well those which be taken by the mouth inward, as also those that be applied to it outwardly, commixe some restrictiue things with them, whereby the strength and stability of the liuer may be conserued and kept. Therefore in a hote distempure, for his diet, let him vse broth of Ptysan,Diet in a hote distempure. and other meates that do meanelie coole, as lettuse, endiue, succorie, sowthistle, and water and bread mixed together, or bread dipped in water. Also chickens, partrich, birds of mountaines, and veale, these being sodden in veriuice or lymōs. of fruits let the sick eate faisons, lymons, & sweete almonds. He must eschew wine altogether, except some other cause let it, as weakenesse of the stomach, for then you must minister thinne and watery wine. Let them drinke, for wine, iuice of pomegranates, and syrupus acetosus simplex. Also oxysaccharum, with decoction of barley or endiue. Also they must eschew all meates and drinkes dressed with hony, and that be verie hote, and haue vertue to cut and deuide.Cure of a hote d [...]stempure. Orbiculi. For the cure minister vnto him by the mouth, conserue of roses diarrhodō abbatis, diatrion santalon, and other such like antidotes. Also these lozenges profit, ℞. the powders of Diarrhodon abbatis, and of diatrion santalon. ana. ʒ.j.ss. seedes of both the tame endiues, red roses. ana. ℈.ij. raisons. ℥.j. white saunders, withwind, floures of squinaunt. ana. ℈.j. suger. ℥.vj. dissolue it in the stilled waters of withwind, & endiue that hath the brode leaues, and make lozenges. And also the antidote Philoniū, only once ministred, somtime hath maruelouslie [Page 111] healed all hote distempure of the liuer. Applie outwardly foments made of roses, chāmomil & quinces, or seeth wormwood or dates in the aforesaid oiles of roses, chāmomil and quinces, and then wet woll or a spong in them, and lay that right against the liuer. Also you may vse this oyntment. ℞. oyles of roses, of quinces,Vnguentum. and of water lillies. ana. ℥.j. white saunders and red, red roses. ana. ℈.j. scraping of iuorie. ℈.j.ss. seedes of both the tame endiues. ana. ℈.j. vinegre. ʒ.j.ss. purslayne seede. gra.ij. waxe as much as is sufficient and make an oyntment. Also Epithemes in this disease are wont to profite not a little:Epithema. which may be made thus, or after this sort. ℞. the distilled waters of sowen Endiue, with the broade leaues of lettice, of sorell, of roses, of water lillies. ana. ℥.iij. iuice of sengreene, ℥.j. vineger. ℥.j. red roses, red saunders, shauing of iuorie. ana. ʒ.j. powders of Diarrhodon abbatis, diatrion santalon. ana. ʒ.ss. seede of purslayne. ℈.ss. Commixe them all, and make an Epitheme. You must applie Epithemes in sommer coldo, and in winter warme. When there is colde distempure of the liuer, you must vse medicines that do heate,Cure of cold distempure. and adde strength and stabilitie to the liuer. In his diet he must vse meates easie of digestion, and heatinge. For pot herbes let him take sauorie, hysope, fennell, parsley, sothernwoode, sage, and such like. And let his meates be dressed with Aromaticke thinges, as Cynnamon, cloues, and such others. He must drincke wine that is thinne, yellowe, and odoriferous. He must eschewe eating of fish, and colde fruictes, and idlenesse, and in conclusion what so euer doeth make colde. Within the bodie he must take this decoction. ℞. rootes of Apium, of fennell, and of parsley. ana. ℥.j. agrimonie, hysope, mintes,Decoctum. wormwood, succorie, withwinde, origan, calamint, Asarum. ana. M.j. seedes of Anise, fennell, daucus, commin, carawayes. ana. ʒ.ij. squynaunt. ʒ.j.ss. masticke. ʒ.j. floures of Chammomill, redde roses. ana. M.j. Cynnamon chosen. ʒ.j.ss. seeth all these in a pound and halfe of wine, and one pounde of running-water vnto the third part, then straine it, and put to the licour of syrupe of agrimonie. ℥.iij. syrupe of wormewood. ℥.j. Commixe all together and make a potion: of the which let him drinke in the morning, and after dinner. ℥.iij.ss. at a time, for the same purpose you may minister hoate antidotes, as diacinnamomum, dianisum, conserue of sage, galingale condite, rootes of pimpernell couered with suger, and such like. You must annoint him outwardly with hote oyles, as be, oyles of Narde, Chammomill, wormewoode, and such like. Also it is verie good to vse this oyntment. ℞. of the oyles of wormewood, and narde. ana. ℥.j.ss. Iuice of Agrimonie. ʒ.ij. cinnamon, cloues, wood of Aloës. ana. ℈.ij. spicknarde,Vnguentum. squynaunt and masticke. ana. ℈.j. wax, as much, as is sufficient, make an oyntment. You may also applie this Cerate. ℞. of the meale of faenugreeke, and of lupines. ana. ʒ.ij. roote of yreos, Cer [...]tum. and Asarum. ana. ʒ.j. of agrimonie, wormewood, melilotte, and squynaunt. ana ʒ.ss. gallia moschata. ℈.j. seede of Annise and fennell. ana. ℈.ss. masticke. ℈.ij. mirrhe and frankensence. ana. ℈.j. oyles of masticke, narde, roses, and dill. ana. ℥.j. waxe and rosen, as much as is sufficient, and make a Cerote to apply to the liuer.Epitheme. Also the vsing of this Epitheme is good. ℞. seedes of anise, fennell, ammeos. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Cinnamon, cloues, squinaunt. ana. ʒ.j. seeth all in a pound and halfe of malmesey, till halfe be consumed, then straine it and commixe with the licour of that decoction, waters of wormewood and agrimony. ana. ℥.ij. pouders of diacinnamomum, and diagalanges. ana. ʒ.j. withwind. ℈.ij. vinegre. ʒ.iij. commix altogether and make an Epitheme. In a moist distempure of the liuer, let him vse a diet that doeth drie,Cure of a moist distempure. as flesh of birdes rosted, thinne wine: those thinges that do prouoke sweat, as drie bathes, or hoate houses, and also bathes comming of their owne accord: generally he must eate & drinke but little. He must eschewe all kind of fishes, and fruites that haue power to moisten. You must minister within the bodie, syrupe of wormewood, dialacchae and diacureuma. You must applie, outwardly those thinges which do drie without anie great heate: of the which we will speake afterwarde in the Chapter of the dropsie anasarca. Cure of a drie distempure. Drie distempure of the liuer must be cured like the other, by his contraries. Therefore that wee may comprehende the matter in fewe wordes: it is good for him to vse a diet that doeth moysten, and bathes of sweete water, and other thinges which do moysten, whereof wee will speake aboundantlie in theyr places. But this must not be forgotten, which wee also admonished you of before, to commixe alway with your moystening things, those things which ad strength [Page 112] to the liuer.L [...]pi [...] Ie [...]. But among those thinges which seeme to be good, by the propertie of their whole substance, the best is wolues liuer, if it be diligently dried and beaten, and ʒ.j. therof ministred with sweete wine alayed with water. For this, by often proofe is knowen to be good against all distempures of the liuer. For as we sayd, by the propertie of his whole substance, he hath his efficacie, and not by heating or cooling.

CAP XXIIII. Of obstructions of the liuer. DE OBSTRVCTIONE IECINORIS.

Causae. OBSTRVCTIONS of the liuer are caused of vapours, windinsse, and grosse and hard to digest. But sometime it is caused of grosse and viscous humours in the endes of the veynes, springing from the flat part of the liuer, by the which veines nourishment is sent to the liuer from the stomach and the bowels.Signae. If abundance of grosse and vaporous windinesse be heaped vp together, which can not find free passage out, and so doth ingender obstruction, there ariseth then not onely griefe & heauinesse about the right side, but also feeling and perceauing of distension and stretching out. If obstruction be engendred through grosse & viscous humours, there followeth heauines with feeling of paine, sometime easie, and sometime vehement: also sometime without a feuer, and sometime with a feuer. For grosse and viscous humours, being many, do cause obstruction and stopping more then other, & specially when the pacient doth vse vehement mouing after meate. And if they be sharp and much in quantitie, which be taken in meats, the paine of the obstructiō is made more vehement: when the body is stopped, they suffer both stretching out,Victus ratio. and also pricking. You must giue vnto them which haue this disease, hote meates, & that haue vertue to take away obstruction and stopping, as be leekes with oximel, sperage, fennell, parsley, capers, & other like things either sodden in pottage and meates, or taken with some heating sauce, which taketh away obstructions. You must eschew all meats and nourishments engendring grosse iuice. Also refraine bathes and exercises after meates. He must vse for drink, wine that is thinne and old. Besides his diet it is requisite for him to vse verie quickly medicines that do attenuate,Curatio. and take away obstructions: for obstructions waxing old doth not onely engender putrifaction in the liuer, but also in all the whole body,Simples taking a [...]ay obstructions of the liuer. & kindleth a feuer. Among simple medicines these that follow do take away obstructiōs notably and without griefe (that is) wolues liuer, fumitorie, agrimonie, chammomill, galingale, dragons roote, asarum, anise, apium, wormewood, casia, ireos, licorice, rhapontic [...], lupines, capares, axini, with wind parsley, pistacium, bitter almondes, spikenard, stichados, gentian, roote of plantaine, also the seede and leaues dried, iuice of Anagallis the female, succory, alkakengi, both the endiues, sperage and bruscus. Of these also you may make diuerse compound medicines, and specially decoctions, putting to it Oximel simplex, scilliticum, syrup [...]s, acetosus compositus. Syrupes of wormewood, of hysope, of calamint, of horehound, & such other like. For the same purpose it is lawfull to minister trochistes of Agrimonie, of wormewood, of rubarb and such like. Also these Antidotes; diasaccha, diacurcunia are good and such other like. Among other simples before rehersed pistacium is notable good to take away obstructions. Therefore it will not onely be profitable but also pleasant, if you steepe pistacia ten or twelue houres by night in malmesey, and minister them in the morning, the digestion being ended. You must applie outwardly, Epithemes, ointmentes, emplaisters, and Ceroces, which be declared in the former Chapter, of the cure of cold distempure of the liuer. And these aforesaide medicines do suffise, if the euill be not yet inueterate and growen older for when the euill is im [...]eterate you must vse both bloud letting and purgagations, if nothing do forbid it. You must purge him with pilles of Rubarb and of agaricke, & with other antidotes, which do purge grosse & thin humors by the belly. You must purge thē specially by the belly, when the hollow part of the liuer is vexed. But you must purge by vrine, whē the roūd embossed part of the liuer is vexed. The body being purged by bludlerting & purgatiōs thē you must minister those medicins, which ar before rehearsed. And specially [Page 113] this Electuarie. ℞. of the roote of ireos, chamoepityos, Antidotum liquidum. of seedes of anise and apium. ana. ʒ.ij. of asarum. ʒ.ij.ss. of cinnamone, ginger, carawayes, chammomill. ana. ʒ.j. of staechadus, gentian, and horehounde. ana. ʒ.ij. with Oxymell scilliticum as much as is sufficient, make an electuarie. This doeth maruelouslie take away obstructions, not so much those that be in the hollowe part of the liuer, as those that sticke in the out side of the liuer. For it purgeth out vehemently by vrine.

CAP. XXV. Of inflammation of the liuer. DE INFLAMMATIONE IECINORIS.

THERE is inflammation ingendered in the liuer aswell as in other members,Causae. and thorough the same causes that they be engendred of. If the liuer be vexed with inflammation, there is felt paine and heauinesse all ouer the right side comming vp to the necke, and downe to the bastard ribs.Signae. Also there is swellinge of the right side, specially, if the outwarde part of the liuer be enflamed. He hath a sharp feuer, a small and drie cough, an infaciable thirst, abhorringe of meates, hardnesse and difficultie of breathinge, the colour of the tongue first redde and afterward blacke. Vomites aswell of pure choller, as also like yolkes of egges, and afterwarde also rusty, the belly is costiue. Also the colour of the bodie is chaunged, like as in the yellowe iaundise, also hee hath the hicket. In the time of their fitte they are taken with a certaine rauing, and do voide foorth sharpe vrine. The inflammation that chaunceth through causes in the crooked and hollowe partes of the liuer, do cause abhorring of meate, disposition to vomit vomits of choler, and vnquenchable thirst. The inflammation, that ingendreth in the outward and round partes of the liuer, causeth the patient to haue greater paine in drawinge of breath then the other, and do raise a greater cough, & it doth stretch out paine vnto the right part of the necke, so that it seemeth to plucke it of. Also it chaunceth sometime, that the muscles leaning vppon the liuer be enflamed: therefore manie being deceaued, do thinke it to be an inflammation of the liuer. Therefore it is necessarie to tell the differences betweene these. For if the liuer be inflamed, there followeth a round swelling, fashioned like the liuer, which will also be fashioned accordinge to the laying of the bodie. For it appeareth greater, when the bodie is tourned downe on the lefte side, and againe lesser, when it is tourned to the right side. For the liuer going vnder the bastard ribbes, it neither appeareth to the sight, nor to the feeling. Againe the thinne skin, inclining to the inflammation of the liuer, it apperreth to haue a naturall fashion. If the muscles be enflamed, the skinne is stretched out round about, so that if one would pull it vp with his fingers, he can not easilie. Moreouer there appeareth a swelling according to the placing of the muscles, that lye vppon the liuer, long in fashion and manifest to sight & feeling. For the cure, when the liuer beginneth to be enflamed,Curatio. Venae sectio. you must by and by let him bloud, if age and strength will permit it. Therefore as Galene witnesseth you must both pull backe and purge the bloud, that floweth to the liuer▪ by cutting the inwarde veine of the arme: because that veyne in the right arme is right against the liuer, and hath a large passage: hauing societie with the veyne which is called Ʋena caua. If this veyne doeth not appeare, you must cut the middle veyne. And if that doeth not appeare neither, you must cut the vpper veyne, you must drawe out aboundaunt, and sufficient bloud if his strength will suffer it. After bloud-letting within a little space, make the bellie soluble, with a simple and easie clyster, speciallie if it do not voyde by it selfe.Clyster. The next day after the bloud lettinge, fasten on a cupping glasse, with scarification, and againe, likewise fasten it on, within a day after: for many haue felt more ease the second time of the applying: then at the first time. Also you must vse foments of woll wet in oyle, cataplasmes, cerotes,F [...]ment [...]. and epithemes. In the applying of the which, this onely is to be obserued, that to the other medicines that be mollificatiue and discussiue, you alwayes commix some restrictiue medicines. Therfore make a foment of oyles of quinces, or of mastike, or roses, or mirtles, putting to it [Page 114] odoriferous wine: or applie a sponge wette in the decoction of wormewoode, melilot, red roses, chammomill, dill, plaintaine, tame endiue, and other like. Also make Cataplasmes or emplaisters of lineseede and faenugreeke,Cataplasmes. barley meale, quinces, melilo [...]e, floures, wormewoode and such like. Or this emplaister. ℞. barley meale. ℥.ss. meate of quinces beaten. ʒ.iij. wormewood,E [...]plastrum. floures of melilot, squinaunt. ana. ʒ.ij. lineseede. ʒ.j. oyles of Roses, quinces, chammomill, wormewood. ana. ℥.ss. vinegre. ℥.j. Commixe altogether,Cer [...]. and make an emplaister. Also this Cerote is good. ℞. of the meate of Dates. ʒ.iij. of mirrhe, steeped in olde restrictiue wine, storaxe, and mastick. ana. ʒ.ij. floures of melilot, wormewood, chammomill. ana. ʒ.j.ss. saffron. ʒ.ss. oyles of quinces, of masticke, and of roses. ana. ℥.j. with waxe and rosen as much as is sufficient, and make a Cerote to applie to the liuer.Epithe [...]a. For the same purpose, you may make Epithemes of the decoction of Roses, plantaine, wormewood, chammomill, or of their watets distilled. And in makinge of all these thinges, you must take heede, that when there is vehement inflammation, the restrictiue thinges may preuaile, & exceede the thinges that mollifie and loosen. And contrariwise when the vehemencie of the heate is somewhat slaked, the mollifyinge thinges must exceede restrictiue thinges.Note. Moreouer you must beware, that you do not applie the aforesaid things when they are colde, but first warme them a little. Moreouer in inflammation of the liuer, when there is great and vehement paine, you must also minister drincke medicines, that do ease paine: but so, that you do eschewe continuall vse of them: you must vse drinking of simples most. Therefore minister ground swell sodden, as a thing very profitable, or iuice of lycorice with hote water. Also iuice of endiues doeth profite no lesse then the other, putting to them a little honie: for besides that it cooleth, and addeth strength to the liuer, it also purgeth the mouthes of the veynes of the liuer. But the bellie must also be prouoked by eatinge of nettles or mercurie sodden. Also in the declination of the disease, the bellie must be emptied by clisters, for which purpose polibodie & Epithimum with mulsa are put in: and that specially, if the inflammation be in the hollow part of the liuer. For the hollowe parte of the liuer (as wee sayd before) must be purged by the guttes. But the round and outward part of the liuer, must be purged by vrine. Moreouer in inflammation of the liuer there is neede of an exquisite diet (as Galen witnesseth lib. 13. Therap. method. The liuer it selfe requireth meate chieflie that can withstand obstructions.Victus ratio. Such be all those that be of thinne substance, and which do scoure without gnawing, as is, ptysan, mulsa, and such like. Therefore the best foode for them that are thus diseased, is ptysan broth, wherein apium hath bene sodden. Also you may minister broth of a chicken, wherin parsley hath bin sodden: but drinke mulsa or barley broth, or decoction of the tame endiues. And if that inflammation do begin to chaunge to suppuration and rotting then all the aforesaid signes will increase,Cure of inflammatiō turning to suppuration. as paines, feuers, rauings, carefulnesse, and abhorring of meate. Then you must help the permutation, and rotting, that it may quickly be done, lest other members in continuance of time do rot with it also. Therefore you shall help it to rot with this cataplasme. ℞. of the roote of Althaea. ℥.j.ss. faenugreeke,Casaplasma. and lineseede. ana. ʒ.ij. leaues of Althaea and mallowes. ana. M.ij. dry figges in number vj. boile these in water till they wax soft, then bruise them, and make a Cataplasme. Neither shall you do amisse, if you applie an emplaister,Emplastrum. that can help it to chaunge into matter. As this is. ℞. of barley meale, and faenugreke. ana. ℥.iij. of the roote of Althaea. ℥.ss. of the roote of white lillies. ʒ.j.ss. lineseede. ʒ.j. floures of cammomill, and melilote. ana. M.ss. boile all in water vnto a iust thicknesse, then commix of oyle of cammomill. ℥.j. of oyle of lillies. ℥.j.ss. boile them againe, and make an emplaister. Of these said things you may also make a cerote, by putting to them butter; ladanum, rosen and waxe. VVhen the suppuration and rotting is fully come to a perfection, then the paines do cease, and all the fittes do appeare gentler and meeker. In the time of the rupture or breaking,Ruptura, the paine doeth encrease more againe, therefore then also you must helpe the rupture or breaking of it, by vsing of goates dong and doues dong, nettleseede, mustard seede, and other things that do drawe to the superficies. And by heating potions, as is decoction of poley, fumitorie, roote of Chamaedrios, and such like. VVhen it is broken you must minister water of hony, or decoction of cicers, & other like things, which haue an abstersiue & scouring vertue. And if the matter doth auoid by the veines, you must [Page 115] commix thinges that prouoke vryne: as be sium, asarum, casia, and cinamome. But if it auoyde by the belly, commix those thinges which doe purge gently, as be goates wheye, tamarindes, & casia sistularis. Also it is lawfull then to vse clysters made of the decoction of bareley. When clensing and scouring of it is done minister medicines, which can glutinate and ioyne it vp.

CAP. XXVI. Of distempure of the Spleene. DE INTEMPERIE LIENIS.

LIKE as other partes of the bodie haue eight kindes of distempures, so many hath the spleene, and most often it suffereth cold and moist distempure. Eche particuler cause is not to be declared here: for there be some causes,Causae. that be in other distempures of other members of the bodie,Signes of distempure of the splene in bare qualities. Colde distemper. therefore you shall seeke them in Galen ex capitibus primi, 2. & 3. lib. de morborum causis. The surest & shortest signes of distempure of the spleene is knowen by those signes that be eaten and droncken, and by those thinges which are applyed outwardly vpon the skinne, nigh to the skinne, nigh to the left side. For if colde distempure doeth vexe the spleene, all meates & drinckes which doe coole notably, doe soone and manifestly hurt the spleene. Also al cold thinges applyed outwardly doe hurt it: and therefore they signifie colde distempure of it: but contrariwise all hot thinges doe ease it. And if the distempure of the splene be hot,Hot distemper. it is not vexed with colde meates or drinckes or with cold thinges being applyed outwardlie. And if the heat increase there is not onely no swelling in it, but also it suffreth contraction, and shrincking vp, specially if a feuer be present. But meates and drinkes that be hot, and those thinges that adde heat being applyed outwardly doe encrease hot distempures, and make them outragious. Also all cooling thinges be ioyfull vnto them.Dry distempure. Likewise also you may ga [...]her the signes of dry distempure, specially when it is not euident by the proper nature of it for lacke of greatnes. Also those thinges that be applyed outwardly to the body, and that be receiued inwardly, if they haue vertue and power of drying, they doe drie vp the splene. When the splene is vexed with moist distempure▪ Moist distemper. and so continuing a while, it causeth it to encrease so much, that it toucheth both the stomache and the liuer. Also the kinde of payne togeather with these aforesayde signes, do declare the distempure that vexeth. For in a hot and cold distempure, they haue small payne or none at all, neither haue they any also in a moyst distempure [...] but least of all in a dry distempure. By these aforesayd signes, you may make coniecture of compounde distempures of the splene. For in a manner altogeather, when a hote distempure is vehement, a dry distempure followeth it: and to a cold distempure being inueterate, a moyst distempure followeth.Signes of distempure of the splene through humours. Choler. But in so much as humours flowing into the spleene do cause swelling: you must haue diligent consideration to them. For if choler doe flow thither, the whole bodie appeareth hotter, although there be no feuer present. Also the eyes and the vrine be coloured by choler. The sicke shall alwayes accuse drines, and complayne of thirst, and choler troubling his mouth. He abhorreth meate, and is troubled with watching, and desireth colde thinges, and withall these his tongue is yelowished. He hath tertian fits, and the manners of the sicke be wrathfull, and they will chause out of measure. If Melancholie doth flowe,Melancholy. his colour doth appeare as well on the tongue, as in all the rest of the body, and he hath vnnaturall appetite to meate, the patient is sad and heauy,Fleume. and other signes of choler be present with these. Also fits do vexe him the fourth day. When a flegmaticke humor floweth into the splene, his color shal be like fleume. The sick doth not thirst, he desireth meate, vnlesse the humour be salt fleume: for the sicke abhorreth meate, and be more desirous of drinke, for they are thirstie. Also fits vexe them euerie day. And their vrines are whyte, and they themselues be slowe and sluggishe. Some of them that haue colde distempure with it, haue a great and a hard spleene. And if it be a sanguine humour,Blood. that floweth into spleene, it is possible for it to chaunge the colour both of the tongue, and of the skinne. As for the appetit or abhorring of meates, the sicke is in a meane betwene both, and they be [Page 116] more sicke then the rest, although they haue not like swelling of the spleene. The veynes of the whole body doe appeare full of blood, and the vryne is yellowe. These signes we haue declared at large out of Aetius, Note. because they are common, and may almost be applyed to all distempures of other medicines, caused through flowing of humours. Generally distempure of the bare qualitie of the splene is almost without swelling.Cure of distempure of the bare qualitie of the splene. Hot. You must cure and correct them both by meates and drinckes, as also by simple medicines and fomentes, oyles and oyntmentes and such other like, which be contrary to the distempure. Therefore you shall heale hot distempure of the splene, (as you did of the liuer) by meates and drinkes that do coole, and by annoyntinges with oyles of roses and olium molinum & other things which be rehearsed before in the 23. chapter of this booke. Likewise colde distempure of the liuer,Cold. Moyst. by those thinges which doe moderatly heat. In a moist distempure of the splene, besides those thinges which are rehearsed before in the 23. chapter, these thinges doe profit: roote of fiue leaued grasse, dry plantaine, the floure & some of salt, ammoxiacum, iuice of willow and such like. If you make of them an oyntment or cerote by putting to sufficient vinegre, such as we will a little after describe. Also frictions are most conuenient for this,Dry. which haue a discussing vertue. Dry distempure of the splene is cured by sweete bathes and hot waters, also annointinges with sweete oyle, and meates moisting without coldnes,Cure of distempure [...]. as is Ptysan iuice. If distempure of the spleene be caused through flowing of an humour, then if the humour be sanguine, you must let blood of the inner veine of the left arme, called lienaris vena, or if that cannot be founde, let blood of the veine, which is betweene the ring finger, and the eare finger, then apply both inwardely and outwardly medicines which doe ad strength to the spleene, as is, the barcke of the roote of capers, of hartes tongue, Ceterach, maydenheare Yreos, calamint and such like, which also are able to adde strength and stability to the liuer: of which we will speake aboundantly in the chapters following. If other humours flow to the spleene, first you must auoyd the superfluous humours by purging them with medicines: then all the rest of the time, you must correct the distempure that is left, and also apply thinges that strengthen the spleene.

CAP. XXVII. Of inflammation of the Spleene. DE LIENIS INFLAMMATIONE

THE Spleene, like as other members is vexed with inflammation as oft as hot blood doth flowe thither vnnaturally.Causae. It is knowen by heauynes and swelling of the left side,Signa. which will not giue place to the feeling: also by paine & stretching out of the place, by feauers and by burning heate. But if aboundaunce of humours doe rush in thither, it is knowed by the greatnes & swiftnes of the engendring of the inflammation. Let the diet of them that be vexed with inflammation of the spleene be simple,Dict. and giue them those thinges that will easily digest for their meate, as is Ptysan iuice, bread wet and other thinges which be often rehearsed of vs before in the inflammation of other members. And if the inflammation endure longe, you may also giue them birdes flesh, and fishes taken in grauellie places. Let the drincke of the pacient be decoction of cinnamome or waterie wine.Potus. Let the cure be begunne by cutting of the veine of the spleene, or that veine, which is betweene the litle finger,Curatio. Venae sectio. Clyster. and the ring finger, if there be no cause to forbid it. Let the bellie be often washed with clisters, but speciallie, if you may not let him blood. Then laie vpon the splene restrictiue medicines, which can appease the furie of that, that floweth: and keepe the strength of the liuer and spleene, but yet you may not onely apply restrictiue thinges, but you must commixe with them, those thinges which doe extenuate, cut and loosen without euident heat, least grosse matter be stopped in it, and doe waxe more vehemently hard. Therefore if there be moderate inflammation,Fomenta. you must apply moist woole wet in wine that is olde, sharpe and thinne and mixed with sweete oyle. But if there be greater heate, take oyle of roses, or oleum melinum, or oyle of chammomill with vinegre you may commix them togeather [Page 117] after this sort. ℞. oyle of roses and quinces. ana. ℥.ij. oyle of chamomill. ℥.j. the best vinegre. ℥.ss. commix them altogeather for a foment & irrigation. And if the aforesaide oyles be not at hande, seeth bryer leaues and quinces in oyle, and adde to also some extenuating thinges, as is wormewood and peniroiall.Note. And you must beware also that you apply nothing vpon the splene colde, but whatsoeuer medicine you apply to it outwardly, let it be warmed. After fomentes and irrigatiōs, you must passe to cataplasmes: in the making of which you may adde the meale of darnell and barley with dry figges lineseede and oyle, wherein wormewood and penyroiall be sodden. But you must beware that the place be not kept bare after irrigations, and cataplasmes, but assone as those be taken away, by and by applie such cerotes or emplaisters as be described in the chapter of inflammation of the liuer. For both the liuer and the splene require one kinde of medicines, but the spleene requireth so much the stonger medicines, as it is of grosser nourishment. Therefore you shal seeke examples of medicines meete for this place out of the chapter of inflammation of the Liuer: obseruing onely this thing, that you alwayes commixe vinegre, and somewhat that is acceptable to the spleene, and that doeth peculiarly defend his strength. And if the inflammation of the spleene tendeth towarde suppuration and rotting, which doe seeldome chaunce, you must helpe to further the suppuration, least other members putrifie, by cataplasmes that bring it to matter, whereof we haue spoken in the inflammation of the liuer.

CAP. XXVIII. Of hardnes of the Spleene. DE LIENIS SCHIRRHO.

INFAMMATION of the spleene, if it be not rightly cured, it draweth togeather a hard swelling of the spleene. The cause of this disease is a certaine humour, which cleaueth stubburnly to the spleene:Causae. but it is when hardnes engendreth without inflammation into ouer much swelling.Signa. The euill is easely knowen by touching, of what cause soeuer it be. His diet must be extenuating: therefore he must eate meate which is easie of digestion,Victus ratio. and doth engender good iuice and thine. He must eschue all hard flesh, which doth engender grosse iuice, & which doe striue against digestion. He must drincke wine that is thinne in substaunce, yelowish in colour, not verie olde and being without all restriction. Also he must put much trust in exercises, which, it is good to vse before meate, the body not abounding with superfluities. Also it is manifest that vociferation, and crying out, oportunatly done and in time, doth greatly helpe in this euill. For the cure, you must vse verie strong thinges as well outwardly as also inwardly. Therefore with in the body minister most strong potions,Curatio. for those they may suffer without griefe. Among the which, the chiefe be, the barkes of the rootes of capers, hartestongue, the roote and herbe of Tamariscus, sodden in vinegre or oxymell. Also iuice of centorie droncke, and decoction of bitter lupines taken with rew and pepper. Anagallis the female. ℈.j. with Posca or oximell, profiteth maruelouslie to drincke it. Also the most conuenient remeady for the hardnes of the spleene is yron quenched often in water, or wine or Posca. For that water or wine or Posca ministred in the beginning is pleasant, and most profitable, and is giuen many dayes orderly. Therefore to them that haue the feauer, minister water or Posca: but to them that haue tender flesh, and lacke a feauer, minister wine. Let the yron that is quenched in them be some instrument that is laide with steele. Also the scales of yron may profitablie be ministred to strong and rude men. For, this doth melt the spleene notablie, for it hath a consuming vertue. But yet least it should hurt the stomach, it is good to commix with it some strengthning medicines, as is hartestongue, toppes of wormewood, casia, annyse seede, sepillum montanum, or such other like. Apply outwardly this foment. ℞. centorie, hartestongue, rew. ana. M.j. barke of the roote of capers. ℥.j. seeth all in vinegre, and when they be sodden,Fomentum. wet a sponge in the decoction, and applie it hot to the spleene.Vnguentum. Moreouer this oyntment sheweth a maruelous effect. ℞. of the oyles of capers, lillies and yreos. ana. ℥.j. marrow of oxes shankes. ʒ.ij. muscilage [Page 118] of the roote of Althaea, fenugreeke, and lineseede. ana. ʒ.j. badgers greace, hennes greace, goose greace. ana. ʒ.ij. the barke of the roote of capers, Tamariscus, costus, centory. ana. ʒ.j. gumme ammoniacke, bdellium, galbanum. ana. ʒ.ss. the gummes being first dissolued in vineger, with waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment. Also emplaisters and cerotes doe profit much being made after this sorte. ℞. of the oyles of lillies, yreos, and of capers. ana. ℥.j. barley meale,Cer [...]u [...]. fenugreeke, lineseede. ana. ʒ.j. the barke of the roote of capers, hartestongue. ana. ʒ.j.ss. roote of Althaea ʒ.j. bdellium, ammoniacke, galbanum. ana. ʒ.j.ss. opop [...]ax, mirrhe, fanckensence. ana. ʒ.ss. with rosen, turpentine & waxe, as much as is sufficient make a cerote. Moreouer the Phisition must looke diligently to the disease, as he seeth cause sometime adde, and sometime take away those thinges which doe either mollifie, or attenuate and dissolue, or which addeth strength. In conclusion cupping glasses fastened with scarification, is not a litle profitable.

CAP. XXIX. Of obstruction of the Spleene. DE LIENIS OBSTRƲCTIONE.

IT chaunceth sometime not onely through weakenes of attractiue vertue, which is in the splene, but also through stopping of the passage, by which the dreggy humour of melancholy is deriued from the liuer vnto the splene there followeth obstruction. Afterward that vnpure and naughty blood is distributed all ouer the whole body, which, if it chaunce, then the colour of the bodie is corrupt, and enclieneth to blacknesse. Also sometime they that are thus diseased, haue vncurable vlcers. The causes may easily be knowen by those causes,Causae. which we spoke of, in the chapter of the obstruction of the liuer. This euill is knowen by heauines,Signa. which is about the left side. If the whole body be corrupted with it besides, it is easie to know specially by the colour of the face, difficulty of breathing, troublesome dreames,Dye [...]. Cure. and other such like aforesaide. This disease is cured with an extenuating diet, and by medicines which take away obstructions, whereof you may finde great plentie rehearsed in the chapter of obstructions of the liuer: for both these members haue neede of like medicines: But yet the splene hath neede of stronger medicines so much as it is nourished with grosser food. Therefore against grosse humours, that they may obey readilie to be purged,Preparatio [...]. there behoueth preparatiues, which preparatiues shall be the same that are for obstructions of the liuer, (this onely obserued) that here all thinges be stronger, and that they haue thinges commixed with them, that doe adde strength to the spleene, (the humour being preparate) then they must be purged by such medicines, as doe purge grosse and dreggie humours, whereof we haue spoken often before. After this apply such medicines both inwardly and outwardly, as are contained in the former chapter, & in the chapter of obstructiō of the liuer. Therefore those places will shew you medicines aboundantly.

CAP. XXX. Of the Iaundes. DE ICTERO.

Ic [...]erus [...]igo [...] reg [...]. Causae. THE Iaundies is nothing else but a shedding either of yelow choler, or of melancholie all ouer the body. Sometime there chaunceth shedding of choler to the skinne, the liuer being safe, as in the Crisis of diseases. Many times the iaundeis is caused, and doth chaunce when the blood is corrupted without a feuer of some outward occasion, and is made cholericke, as it chaunceth by byting of venemous beastes. So a certaine man, when he was stong of a viper, had all his bodie spotted like the colour of leikes. Also it may chaunce that through inflammation, or chaunging of the naturall temperament of the liuer, such corruptiō of humour may happen [Page 119] that sometime all the body shall be manifestly like herbes that be whitish with palenes. Also sometime it shall be like the colour of lead, as also such colours be blacker if they happen through disease of the spleene. Also it is caused many times through weakenes of the bladder that receiueth the choler, which doeth not draw as it was wont to doe the cholericke humour from the liuer vnto him, & therefore leaueth the blood vnpure. Also sometime it is caused through obstruction and debilitie of the vessels; whose mouthes are deriued from the gall to the liuer, and do not therefore draw the cholericke humour. Also many times through obstruction of the passages, which goeth to the bowelles. But that we may discerne well the causes of the iaundeis,Signa. you must of necessitie consider the figure of the excrementes, and the colour, seing in some they appeare much coloured by yellow choler, as also in some the vrine doeth appeare. Therefore in them that haue choler burst out vnto the skinne, by reason of a good crisis in feauers, their excrementes and vrine shall seeme to be of naturall colour. But if with the feuer cholericke derections do inuade, and there be heauines in the right side, it signifieth burning inflammation in the liuer: by whose violence the blood is chaunged into choler, and carried all ouer the bodie. But if there be burning without heauines, and griefe, the euill engendred onely through hote distempure of the liuer. But if without a feauer, togeather with feeling of some heauines about the right side, white excrementes be auoided: in them you may iudge, that there is obstructiō of the passages of the bladder that receiue the choler. If such egestions come forth without that heauines, you may iudge their strength to be weake, either the attractiue vertue which fetcheth out the cholericke humour from the liuer, or weakenes of the expulsiue vertue, which driueth out to the bowels. Also by & by after most cholericke humours be sent out with the vrine aboundantlie.Blacke humours. Those that haue melancholie sent to the skinne togeather with the the blood, they be vexed togeather grieuouslie: for there followeth it saddnesse without reason, and gnawing of those thinges which be about the bellie, difficultie of breathing, abhorring of meate, and they auoid blacke vryne, but their dunge is like the colour the coperouse or shomakers bleache, & their wombe is much costiue. But those that haue the iaundeis caused of yelow choler, haue no gnawing about the belly, nor also they do not so much abhorre meates. They auoid white egestions, their vrines be coloured like saffron, but they remaine troubled, but commonly to all that haue the iaundeis, there chaunceth sluggishnes to moue, and a contrarie minde to sweete meates. Also itch of the whole bodie followeth. The whytes of the eyes and the partes of the face nigh the temples, and the balles of the cheekes doe betoken it by their pale colour. Also the veynes vnder the tōgue are founde full and signifie an aboundant humour. The iaundeis that is caused by reason of a good crisis, when the feauer is parfectly ended, they are soone cured,Cure of iaundeis comming through crisis of a feauer. if they vse bathes of sweete water, and frictions or chafinges with discussiue oyles, and all thinges that ratifie, the skinne, (as be) oyles or chammomill, of dill, of yreos, or such like. Also rosemarie sodden in oyle doth discusse and dissolue much. Let their whole diet be moiste, and extenuating grosse humours.Of venemous byting. Cure of iaundeis of hot distempure of the liuer or inflammation. Cure of the iaundeis through obstruction. They that haue the iaundeis caused through byting of a venemous beast, they are to be cured almost as those be, which be bitten with a madde dogge of the which we will speake in another place. Those that haue the iaundes through hot distempure of the liuer, or through inflammation of it, you must minister the cures which are rehearsed before in the diseases of the liuer. Therefore that which we haue rehearsed there, must be referred hither. But if the iaundeis be caused through obstruction of the bladder that receiueth the choler, then two speciall remeadies must be vsed: blood letting & purging. In them therefore that blood doe much abound togeather with choler all ouer the bodie; & that be troubled with heauines or stretching out, about the liuer or the spleene, nothing can be done more profitably, then to let him blood, so there be not cause that letteth it. You must cut the innermost veyne of the right arme, and that if the liuer be affected euill: but if the spleene be diseased, cut the veine in the left arme,Venae s [...]cti [...]. you must drawe out the blood now and then, least if you should draw it out on heapes, the strength of the sicke should faile him. And if we be prohibited from blood letting, we may conueniently minister a clyster. For a clyster may well be cast in after blood letting, for by the auoyding out of the dounge, it maketh easie breath & by prouoking and gnawing of the bowels it draweth [Page 120] and pulleth backe to it the humours that are sent out to the skinne. Make it after this sorte. ℞. both the endiues,Clyster. horehounde, agrimonie, maidenheare, origan, wormewoode. ana. M.j. seedes of annyse, fennell, percely, sperage. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. licoryce, apium, fennell, the rootes of them. ana. ℥.j. boyle them in sufficient water vntill the third part: then straine them and take of the licour of that decoction. ℥.xiij. casia fistula. ℥.j. hierapicra. ℥.ss. electuarium de succo rosarum. ʒ.ij. oyles of dill and yreos. ana. ℥.j.ss. salt. ʒ.j. commix them all and make a clister. But purgations be most proper and familiar for this disease: but so that the humours be first attenuated, and made thinne by brothes, potions, and also medicines. Therefore he must vse meates of easie digestion and extenuating,Victus ratio. birdes of mountaines, fishes of grauelly places, and potherbes prouoking vrine: specially endiues, sperage, louage, fennell, and such like. Flesh of wilde beastes being tamed, are best, specially of goates. For his sauce vinegre is good, wherein Aristolochia hath bene steeped. He must abstaine from fruites, but let his banket be almoundes, a few at once, and cicer, a litle tosted. Also the decoction of it continually droncke profiteth not a litle. Wine white and thinne & not verie olde, is good. For medicines let him haue those, that be taught in the chapter of obstruction of the liuer, and also in the 1. book, the 11 chapter. Aboue other, specially, apium percely, maidenheare, calamint, veruaine, roote of chickweede, or mather, aristolochia, sepillum, S. Iohns worte, being decoct, are good. The humours being preparate and extenuate at length,Purgatio. you must minister a medicine that purgeth choler. You must giue stronge purgations to them that haue the ianndeis: for through the drines of their stomach, the medicines seeme weaker, and lesse in effect in them. The best purgation in this case, is infusiō of rewbarbe, described in the first booke the 11. chapter. Also Hierapicra, electuarium de succo rosarum, de psyllio, and diaphanicon. And if you profit him nothing with the first purgatiō, you must returne againe to those thinges, which haue vertue to take away obstructions and stopping: and after three dayes you must purge him more vehemently againe. If the iaundeis be engendred through disease of the spleene, you must turne to the chapter of Melancholiousnes, and the chapter of obstruction of the liuer. The belly being purged, you must againe minister medicines, which do purge the entrailes. For which purpose the roote of, Cyclaminum beaten and druncke is onely good: for this doeth not onely purge againe the intrailes, but also it is most meete, to shut out the choler, by swet in the whole skinne all ouer. Therefore after it is druncke, you must helpe the exclusion of the swet by coueringes, and warmings in bed. You may giue of it. ʒ.ij. or iij. with aqua mulsa. Also iuice of the barcke of radish doeth notably well, if it be mixed with sweete wine vnalayed, or vinum mulsum, so that. ℥.ij. of the iuice be tempered with ℥.j. of wine. Also earthwormes dry giuen .iij. dayes with vinum mulsum, doe sende out the iaundeis by the vrine. Also you may giue very profitably iuice of endiue and succorie to them that haue feauers by itselfe, and to them that lacke feauers with wine. Also iuice of cuscuta profiteth maruelouslie. Also chammomill is most profitable, which is called leucanthemus, and also buphthalmum. But all the medicines ministred in drincke, let them be ministred in a bath if it can be, when the patient sitteth in a great hot vessell. Also you must be much diligent at this time to giue him a dyet, that recomforteth and refresheth strength, by the which the vertue expulsiue may be repayred: and if any member be hurte, let it be strengthned, and let the corruption of his colour be purged away. Also it is good for him to vse exercises, gestations, annointinges & sweating out. For this purpose dry hote houses are good: in the which annoint the bodie with oyle, wherein sepillum or rosemarie hath bene sodden. And if any of the iaundeis be lefte about the face and the eyes, if the vrine appeare pure, and the bellie auoyding after his accustomed manner you must vse infusions into the nose: for which purpose iuice of cyclaminum is poured in, also [...]igella with vinegre, iuice of the roote of beetes and anagallis. Also let the sicke sitting in abathe drawe into his nosethrilles verie sharp vinegre and let him keepe it a while, pressing his nosethrilles, togeather, and it will purge maruelouslie.

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CAP. XXXI. Of euill state of the bodie. DE MALO CORPORIS HABITV.

CACHEXIA in greeke is nothing else, [...]. but an euill and naughtie state and disposition of the bodie. For it is in such case that it is spredde abroade in waterynes, and all the whole bodie is loose and waxeth softe.Causae. This disease for the most parte is engendred of a longe sicknes. Also it followeth when some entraile is hardened speciallie after the hardenesse of the liuer and the spleene. Also it chaunceth often in a continuall Dysenteria, and the disease called Caeliacus morbus. Also through letting of some accustomed excretion. The whole bodie is made whitishe and weake,Signa. so that his legges are scarce able to beare him: and in the beginning his digestions be letted, his appetite remaining it still: but afterward there followeth abhorring of meate, and their breathing is seeldome and weake. Also their bellie sendeth out vnequall excrementes. Olde men and children are specially taken with this disease, which do soone perish through weakenes of the vitall facultie, & because the iuice doth breath out of them readylie through thinnes of the skinne. But they that be of full age, doe seeldome fall into this disease, and do soone get it awaie againe. If this disease doe endure longe, it turneth into the dropsie. Therefore his cure may not be differred. Let his diet altogeather be thinne and drie: therefore let their meates be simple, & which will easelie digest, and that can ingender the best bloode.Diet. Let them eschue all fruites also that engender grosse and viscouse humours, and that be harde to digest. Wine is good for them which is white, thinne, and odoriferous. For the cure if the disease happen by letting of accustomed excretion you must stirre vppe,Curatio. and prouoke the excretion. Therefore you must vse blood letting, if nothing doe let it, which you must drawe out by litle and litle at sundrie times vnto the thirde or fourth day in them that fell into this disease through retention of hemorhoides or menstruis. But in them that haue it through aboundaunce of vicious humours, bloodletting is hurtfull. Therefore rather purge them with some conuenient purgation. The bodie being purged, let him vse chieflie waters that spring by them selues of alome and salte peter, and afterwarde sulphurous waters. Also let them exercise diuerse deambulations, gestacions, vociferations, frictions with linnen, & other moderate exercises. After let them vse annointings with oyle, wherein is put somwhat that dryeth vp humors, (as be) nitrum & saltes. To cure the wearines apply certaine bathes betweene whiles. Also potion of wormewood helpeth them maruelouslie, & dropaces applyed. Also if the liuer be euill affected, or some other of the inward mēbers, it is good to cure them by their own remeadies before prescribed. If the euill turne into the dropsie, you shall find it next.

CAP. XXXII. Of the dropsey DE AQVA INTER CVTEM.

THERE be three kindes of the dropsie. The first is called in Greeke Ascites. The seconde Tympanites, and the thirde Anasarca, Yposarca, Ascites. Sarcites, and Leucophlegmatia. Ascites is, when much, waterie humour is heaped vppe betweene the skinne or fylme called peritoneum, and the bowels. Tympanites is when much windynesse and superfluous breath is gathered in the aforesayde places of the bellie. Anasarca is,Timpanites. Anasarca. when the humour is dispersed throughout the whole bodie, that all the fleshe appeareth altogeather moyste and wette like a sponge or paper. The dropsye is caused through great coldnesse of the liuer, or through other partes verie notably cooled,Causae. which can bring the liuer into the same effecte. The liuer is affecte by the spleene being colde and by the stomach and the bowelles, also by the longes, the reynes, and the mydriffe. Also it chanceth through vnmeasurable auoyding of the hemorhoydes: or through womans fluxe, [Page 122] or through retention of menstruis, or through soule other great affection of the wombe. For in all these the liuer hath no vnnaturall swelling: and yet the bodie is taken with the dropsie, onely through refrigeration of the liuer, affected in the beginning. But afterwarde sometime it also waxeth harde, which is euident to be seene in them, which through vntimely drincking of colde water, haue their liuer cooled on heapes, so that the dropsie followeth by and by, before the liuer be lyfted vppe into a knottie swelling. Many haue fallen into the dropsie after the goute, and through the vexing paine of the hucklebones. Most commonly those which feele not their meate, and haue euill state of the bodie, and also that be troubled with the Iaundeis, the dropsie followeth it. Also it followeth Caeliacus morbus, and Dysenteria. Commonly euerie dropsie causeth difficultie of breathing,Signa. and swelling, and heauines and naughtie colour. Also they abhorre meate, and desire drincke largely, specially they that haue Ascites. For the humour that is holden and kept in the aforesaide places, is salt and rotten: therefore also after for the most parte, there is wont to follow a feauer. Women are lesse trobled with the dropsie then men. Children for the most part are taken with the dropsie Anasarca. Among the saide three kindes of dropsies, Tympanites is the most perilous. Ascites lesse perilous then it,Diet. and then Anasarca. One diet is common to all these kindes of dropsies: that their meate be easie of digestion and sufficiently coact, and drie. For that meate that is lose and moist, is apt to be turned into watrines. Therefore let his bread be verie well baked,Panis. and let it haue salt, ammi, fennell, annyse, or comin commixed with it. Also it ought to be well leauened, for so it restraineth and stoppeth the lesse. Of birdes the driest are good, as partriches, turtles, blackbirdes, and thrushes and such like. Of foure footed beastes goates and hares. Also chickens, their extreeme partes, when they are rosted. Of fishes, crabbes of flouddes. Also egges rosted are good. Let him vse pothearbes, but seldome. Let those thinges that be ministred vnto them be somewhat sharp, and that haue vertue to attenuate and heate: as is, Apium, percelie, Dancus, rocket, penyroiall, colewortes, garlicke sodden, onions and leikes. He must altogeather abstaine from pulses. For sauce let him vse vinegre with pepper, cinamon and such like. Let their salt be compound with fennell,Potu [...]. hysope, rosemarie and Apium. You must giue them so much drincke onely as shall suffice somewhat to breake their thirst: for ouer much drincke doeth dammage them that be sicke of the dropsie without measure. They must drincke thinne wine, and that doeth prouoke vrine. But they must eschue sweete wines, and mulsum: vinegre doeth maruelouslie quench their thirst. Moreouer let them take the greatest portion of meate at supper. Let them eschue much fruites and second tables: but yet nuttes, almondes, pomgranades, peares sodden, and drie figges are to be giuen vnto them, but yet let them take all those moderately and not euerie day. Let not their bedde be verie softe, specially them that haue Anasarca. Strew vnder them drie herbes, as be, penyroiall, calamint, origan, and such like. For it is maruelous, how much those doe drie vp, while they sleepe: so that it hath ben proued that some being wrapped and hidden in a heape of wheate, to haue risen againe after sleepe stronge and safe. Also lette them vse exercises in the Sunne, if it be sommer and a saire daie, but let their heade be couered:Exercitatio. but if it be colde, let them vse it in houses being warmed, and nigh a fire, or at a fire [...] Riding is expedient at the first, and to be carried hither and thither in a chaire. But if the strength of the patient may suffer it, it is better to walke much on his feete, and sometime to runne, then to be borne. Also the patient must be wrapped in skinnes dried with the Sunne, or digged into hote sande. After exercises wipe of the swette with sharpe linnen clothes. Also it is verie good if you vse daiely, thrise or foure times, frictions: for this doeth open the passages that are shutte: and it dryeth vppe, extenuateth and casteth a sunder humours. Therefore it doeth verie quickly prouoke forth much swette, and constraineth the flesh. They must be rubbed with hrye handes, or with salte beaten in water or hot oyle. After this they must be washed with alommewater, or sulphure water, or salte water. For manie which haue beene taken with the dropsie Anasarca, and haue vsed such kynde of bathes, they haue suffised to weare out the disease, and also to make a stronger state of the bodye. And [Page 123] hitherto, we haue rehearsed a common diet for all kinde of dropsies. For the cure, the remeadie that is common for all dropsies, is that by and by in the beginninge,Curatio. you must purge the humour that doeth abounde. That you may doe both by blood letting, and by purgations, and by those medicines that prouoke vrine. That which is good particularly for this or that kinde, we will teach in the chapters following, in which we will follow the cures of them euerie one particularlie.

CAP. XXXIII. Of the dropsey Anasarca. DE ANASARCA.

IN the dropsie Anasarca, all the whole bodie, and the flesh appeareth loose, and wet like a sponge as it is saide: so that all the whole bodie swelleth vp,Signa. and is like a dead bodie. In this disease you must beginne the cure with letting of blood,Curatio. specially if the euill be engendred of suppression of hemorhoides or menstruis, and if age and strength will suffer it. For by this meanes thea boundaunce of humours that doe hurte, are drawen out, and the feeble nature being vnloden is swifter, and the cause of the disease is minished, and also health commeth againe with lesse labour. The naughty humours being drawn out and purged by blood letting, you must come to the remeady of purging medicines.Purgatis. But if there be neede of extenuation & preparation of the humors before their expulsion, you shall minister decoctions and other things which be rehearsed before in the chapters of weaknes of the liuer, and obstruction of the liuer. For which purpose minister also syrups of wormewood, of tame endiue with the broad leaues, of Agrimony and bizantijs. Let the purging medicines be, of simples, rubarbe, and agaricke, of compoundes pilles of rubarbe, pilulae de hiera simplici: and pilles of agaricke and such like. Also hierapicra is good in the beginning because it taketh awaie obstruction, and addeth strength to the entrailes. Therefore you must onely beware, that you minister not purging medicines that be strong, and which ad no strength to the liuer: but you must bring forth the hurtfull humour with easie medicines by litle & litle. For if you purge but once, and on heapes, you destroy the strength maruelouslie and coole the liuer. Therefore euerie weeke you must make the wombe soluble, and you must alwaies passe from gentle remeadies, by litle and little to stronger. Therefore in this kinde of dropsie the Antidotes, diaphanicon, and Electuarium nidum be good. Also the roote of Elder sodden in wine doth purge notably. Also the roote of wolwort profiteth, for they be both of one vertue. Moreouer the rest of the time of the cure, while he abstaineth from purging medicines, you must minister those thinges that adde strength to the liuer, whereof many be recited before, where we taught the cure of obstruction and weakenes of the liuer. Also minister those thinges which prouoke vrine. For which purpose, you may well minister diarrhodon abbatis, aromaticum rosarum, dialacca diacurcuma, trochiskes of agrimonie, of rubarbe, of wormewood, theriaca, and such licke. And this medicine profiteth notably. ℞. the pouders of diacurcuma, Tri [...]. and of dialacca. ana. ℈.j. pouders of diatrion santalon, and of diarrhodon abbatis. ana. ʒ.ss. pouder of aromaticum rosarum. ℈.j. rubarbe chosen ʒ.ss. seedes of endiue with the broade leaues, of melons, and fennell. ana. ℈.ij. of wormewood, chammomill, and withwinde. ana. ℈.j. of nutmegges, squinaunt and spiknard. ana. ℈.ss.j. of verie white sugar. ℥.j. commixe them togeather, & make a pouder. Also this profiteth maruelouslie. ℞. seedes of caraway, fennell, and annyse. ana. ℈.ij. seedes of comin and S. Iohns worte. ana. ℈.j. seedes of [...]; parcely,Alia. daucus and louage. ana. ʒ.ss. of the rootes yreos and of Asarum. ana. ʒ.j. wormewoode. ℈.j. of licorice. ʒ.j. sugar, the weight of all the rest, commixe them all and make a pouder. And you must doe your diligence, that in Anasarca, the medicynes be more drie then moyst, because the whole state of the bodie is so waterie. Moreouer you must apply those medicynes outwardelie, which can drie vppe humours, as be cataplasmes▪ [Page 124] emplaisters, ointmentes, and other like thinges that haue drying vertue in them. Therefore a [...]a [...]aplasme is good made of barley and beane meale, [...] of fenugreeke, of the roote of walworte, of laurell bearies, of wormewood, and of origan sodden in wine, and laide ouer all the whole bodie. Also oxes doung conueniently dryed, may well be applied with posca or oxi [...]ell, hauing the fourth part of brimston put to it. Also fresh cheese hauing much creame being layd to, maketh well against all swelling partes. Moreouer doues dounge and goates dounge, maieweede, and chammomill, by euen portions bruised, sodden in vinegre, and hony may be applied. Moreouer you must vse emplaisters of leauen, dry figges, intrum, yreos, melilote, sage, peniroiall, cardamomum, sulphur vinum, laurell bearies, staues acre, salt armoniacke, masticke, franckensence, sothernwood, Aristolochia rotunda, doues doung, make it vp with oximell. But you must altogeather eschue fat and rozennie cerotes, for they engender windines and cause swellinges. But yet the legges and the hands, and other partes of the bodie being swollen, may often be annointed with this oyntment in the Sunne or by a fire. ℞. of vnguentum agrippa. ℥.j. of the meales of lineseede,Vnguentum. fenugreeke beanes and bareley. ana. ℥.ij. seedes of Althaea, nigella, dancus. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Sulphur vinum. ʒ.iij. bolearmoniacke. ʒ.ij. roote of yreos. ʒ.ij.ss. roche alome, fanckensence. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Euphorbium. ʒ.j. oyles of yreos, white lillies and chammomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. with waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment, wherewith annoynt the swollen partes verie often, it being melted on the coales. For his dyet you must seeke it in the former chapter of the dropsie.

CAP. XXXIIII. Of the dropsie Ascites. DE ASCITE.

Signa. IN the dropsie Ascites, all the whole bellie is swollen vppe, and if it be stroken, there is hearde such a sounde, as a bottle doeth make that is not full of water,D [...]et. but the other partes of the bodie, speciallie the vpper partes▪ are not puffed vppe nor swollen. Let his diet be, that hath this dropsie, of birdes of mountaine and other meates easie of digestion, and which doe engender good iuice,Cure. as is sayde before in the thirtie two chapter. The cure must be begunne by vsing of purging medicines. Let them be such as we rehearsed in the former chapter. Colewortes of the sea called soldana, and soldanella taken in drincke excelleth all the rest: for this sheweth a maruelous effecte in bringing furth the hidropicke water, so that many by the onely vsing of it, haue bene restored to health. Giue of it in wine or wheye. ʒ.ij. or more or lesse according to the diuersitie of the bodie. Also pilles of sagapanum are verie good: and two drachmes or three of the iuce of the roote of yreos, putting to it. ℥.j. of sugar. Also you must minister sharpe clysters, vnlesse the bellie be soluble of it selfe:Clyster. for then it is more conuenient to drie vppe. Among other this clyster is speciallie commended. ℞. floutes of laurell. ʒ.ij. roote of polipodie, agaricke. ana. ʒ.j.ss. dodder or cuscutha. ʒ.iij. seeth them in wine or water vntill the thirde parte be consumed. Then take of the licour of that decoction being strainned. lib. 1. of benedicta laxatina. ℥.ss. of Electuarium nidum. ʒ.ij.ss. mel rosarum. ℥.j. oyles of rewe, chammomill and yreos. ana. ℥.j. salt gemme. ʒ.j.ss. commix them all and make a clyster. For the same purpose, if you thinke good, you may seeth colocy [...]this▪ cartanus, laurell bearies, annyse seede, ammi, and carawaie seedes, rewe, roote of wilde cucumber, and other like thinges out to them. After the aforesaide remeadies you must lay vppon the whole bellie, some of the prescribed cataplasmes and emplaisters. Also apply oyntmentes and reamedies that prouoke vrine and swette: and let him vse exercises of the which we haue spoken aboundantly before.

[Page 125]

CAP. XXXV. Of the dropsey Timpanites. DE TYMPANITE.

IN this kind of dropsie, the belly is puffed vppe and stretched out:Signa. and being stroken, it maketh a noyse like a tabour or timbrell, but the other partes of the body wax leane. It requireth like diet,Victus ratio. that the other kindes of dropsies haue: but in this all windy thinges are specially to be auoided. Also let their exercises be much, and great thirst do helpe & succour the patient strongly. Let the cure be begune with purging medicines, whereof you shall finde examples before.Curatio. Clyster. Also it is good to cast in clysters, which haue vertue to dissolue and discusse wind, as this is. ℞. rootes of apium, and fennell. ana. ℥.j. seedes of Annyse, fennell, daucus, louage, parcely and comin. ana. ʒ.ij. careaway seede. ʒ.iij. rew, asarum, leaues of waleworte, melilote, ana. M.j. boyle them in water vnto the thirde parte, and then take of the licour of that decoction being strained. ℥.xij. hieropicra, benedicta laxatiua. ana. ℥.ss. Electuarium de baccis lauri. ʒ.iij. oyles of rew and dill, ana. ℥.j.ss. salt. ʒ.j.ss. cōmix them togeather, and make a clyster. You must giue also vnto them thinges that doe prouoke vrine, and you must vse aswell inwardly as outwardly those thinges that doe dissolue and discusse windines, whereof you shall finde plentie in the chapter of the cholicke.Sac [...]. The belly must daiely be nourished with Panicum mil [...]um, salt, branne, leaues of rew, chammomill floures, hote ashes sewed in bagges. Also you may apply to it this cerote. ℞. floures of chammomill and melilote. ana. ʒ.j.ss. myntes, sauorie, asarum. ana. ℈.j. seedes of Annyse, fennell, rew,Ceratum. comyn, daucus. ana. ʒ.j. cardamomum. ℈.ss. mirrhe, castoreum. ana. ℈.j. oyle of rew. ℥.iij. oyle of dill. ℥.j.ss. rosen & waxe as much as is sufficient, make a cerote. Moreouer cupping glasses fastened often to the whole bellie lightly, and with much flame do maruelously profit. Afterwarde the bellie must be rubbed with a sharpe linnen cloath, so longe till it be redde. Inwardly he must vse the antidotes, dianisum, diacuminum, and electuarium e baccis lauri, or these lozenges. ℞. the pouders of dianisum, and diacuminum. ana. ℈.j. the pouders of the antidote of laurell bearies. ʒ.j. the pouder of diagalangae. ʒ.ss. seedes of annyse,Lozenges. carawayes, dancus, and fennell. ana. ℈.ss. leaues of rew, seedes of Apium and louage. ana. ℈.j. sugar. ℥.vj. dissolue it in the distilled waters of fennell and Apium, and make lozenges. The other remeadies are to be sought in the chapter of the cholicke.

CAP. XXXVI. Of raynes that sendeth furth bloodie vrine. DE RENIBVS CRVENTAM VRINAM EXCERNENTIBVS

MANY times there happeneth a disease of the raynes, through the which thin wheyish blood is pissed. It is caused through weakenes of the reines,Causae. which be not therfore able to deuide the vrine: or it is caused through amplitude of the reines, which straine out the vrine from Vena cana vnto the raines. For when the passages are wider and stronger, they also sende out some of the blood to the reines, & other grosse matter. Also oftentimes the raines do send out blood like wise as it is wōt to do in the hemorhoides. Moreouer some do void out blood frō the raines through breaking of a vaine in the raines: as it chaunceth to those which haue lift vppe a great weight or haue lept greatly, or haue fallen out of an high place, or haue suffered some such other violēt thing. Somtime it chanceth through gnawing of the veines of sharpe humors flowing frō aboue.Signa. If this disease be caused though weaknes of the raines the blood is sent out very wheyish. But if it be through amplitude & largnes of the veines, thē they feele no paine. If the excretiō of blood be by certaine circuites, thē either there is fulnes of the whole body, or neglecting of accustomed exercises, or resectiō of some mēber that wēt before. And if it chance through breaking of a veine, thē blood is pissed forth most abondantly: [Page 126] but if it be of gnawing, then blood is sent forth by litle and litle, and paine doeth vexe the reines.Cure of bloody vrine by weaknes of the reynes. Therfore you shall cure that excretiō of bloody vrine, which is caused through weaknes of the raines, or amplitude of the vessels that straine out vrine to the raines, by quiet and restrictue meates, drincking of blacke wine & other things which are rehersed, in the chap. of spitting of blood. You must abstaine from those things specially which prouoke vrine & from carnall copulation. In drincke besides those thinges that are rehearsed in the chapter aforedaide, minister decoction of the roote of comferie, and tragacantha ministered, that is steeped in blacke wine, is good. Also. ℥.j. of harte shorne with wine, iuice of marigoolds doth stop bruisinges out of blood from the reines. Likewise leaues of willow braied with wine, lapis hematitis. ʒ.j. roote of white thorne and decoction of knotgrasse. Moreouer. ʒ.j. of bolearmoniacke ministred, is good. Siruppes of roses and of mirtles, trochiskes of ambre, of terra lemnia and of spodium. Moreouer sheepes milcke is onely praised being ministred fasting. ℥.iiij. with ʒ.j. of bolearmoniacke cōmixed with it. Apply outwardly to the reines and the loynes those thinges which be described against spitting of blood, and in the chapter of Dysenteria, and other eruptions of blood. And whatsoeuer can togeather with his restraining and drying adde strength also: (as be) leaues of bryer and oke, mast, mirtle bearies, pomegranate rindes, balaustiae and such like. After this the state of the body must be refreshed and restored with meates of good iuice, with milke & flesh of birdes, also with swines flesh that is lene. That therby the whole body may be brought to his former strēgth and the reines being strengthned also they may fulfill their owne proper office, & that they may deuide,Cure of blood [...] vrine cōming through circuites, or breaking of a veine, or gnawing. and straine out the wheyish humour from the blood. But if the reines do sende out blood according to the circuites, or through breaking of a veine, or through gnawing of sharp humours flowing from aboue, then by and by you must cut a veine of the same side in the arme. To those that send out by circuites blood, let them blood a litle before the circuite, but let the other bloode by and by in the beginning: but it is better to parte the drawing out of the blood, that his pulling backe and auersion may be done by litle and litle. Let the places about the reines be couered with sponges wet in Posca, or moist wooll with oyle of roses and vinegre. After this apply oyntmentes, emplaisters and cerotes described in the places before rehearsed. Also a cupping glasse may commodiouslie be applyed specially if you suspect inflammatiō to be present in them, which pisse blood through breaking of a vaine. Also potions are good rehearsed before in the chapter of spitting of blood. In the meane season also, the sicke must be driuen from all salt and sharp thinges. But when excretion of bloode ceaseth, he must vse a diet that doeth not engender much blood, specially in those that void out blood by circuite. Also the vpper partes of the body must continualy be exercised. In those, which pisse blood through breaking of a veine, if the exulceration be left in the places you shall cure them after the blood is stopped by those thinges that are spoken of in the chapter of exulceration of the reines.

CAP. XXXVII. Of inflammation of the Reynes. DE RENVM INFLAMMATIONE.

THE Raynes are vexed with inflammation for diuerse causes. For both corrupt humours,Causae. and strypes, and rubbinges togeather, and drincking of medicines doe engender inflammation of the reines, and specially continuall & vehement rydinges.Signa. There commeth to the sicke a beating payne behinde about the first ioynt of the back, a litle aboue the bastard ribbes: but the paine stretcheth vpward, euen vnto the liuer, specially the right side raine being vexed, but downward vnto the bladder & priuy members and the loynes & hippes: & also to the share and thighes. Also there followeth astonishment of the leg that is neere, that it can neither be stretched out right, nor he cannnot go on his feet. And whether sneesing or any other concussion do chance, they are vexed with moist vehement paine, their extreeme parts be cold & most the calfes of the legges, & the feete. There is present difficultie in making of water, [Page 127] and they pisse continually and painefully. In the beginning their vrine is thinne and watery, hauing no residence in it: but the inflammation waxeth worse, it is more rubicund. Also afterward it is grosse and filthy, and there be vehement feuers present. And if the inflammation increase still, all these signes wax more vehement. To these commeth disposition to vomite, and gnawing of the stomach, and vomiting of choler. Many of them are vexed, & sweate vntill their hartes faile them: their belly is stopped, so that they are puffed vp with wind, & do send out belkings continually. There followeth vehement abhorring of meate, and to some there are continuall exacerbations, but to some betweene whiles. And generallie egestion of the wombe, and much excretion of vryne do go before those paines. The sicke must ly in a verie soft bed: and the first day he must abstaine from meate, but you may not extend his fasting to manie dayes. For the vrines being made more pure and sharpe by fasting, do vex with most vehement byting and gnawing.Victus ratio. Therefore in the beginning you must nourish them with thinne soupinges, that do ease and cease gnawinge and bitinge, (as is) broth of Ptysan or alica of barley. Also mallowes for his pot herbes doth much profit. Let his drinke be water, wherin a little cinnamon hath bene sodden. To be short let his diet be thinne, and such, as is in other inflammations. For the cure, in the beginning you must by and by let him bloud, and you must cut the veine that is in the hamme or in the anckles,Curatio. and that must be done one the legge that is right against the Reyne, that is vexed. Also somtime (as Galen sayth) you may let bloud of the arme (that is) when the inflammation is newe, and aboundance of bloud is present. After bloud letting you must come to outward medicines, as Cataplasmes, fomentes, linimentes, emplaisters, and such like,Localia. which haue vertue to coole meanely, and to ease paine, made of the oyles of roses, quinces and chammomill, of barley meale, beane meale, fenugreeke, lineseede, and such like, which be rehearsed in the Chapters of inflammation of the liuer and the splene. And if the paine be not eased by those things that be applied outwardly: apply a cupping glasse to the loynes, & the guts, & scarification being made, you must draw out much bloud. Then you must vse nourishment of sponges, and other things which can ease paine. You must only beware all this time, that you giue not such medicines to drinke as prouoke vrine,Note. for they hurt vehemently by bringing in gnawing and byting humours to the inflamed partes. This medicine I haue proued to be singularly good. ℞. the iuyce of clary, and the iuyce of nightshade. ana. ℥.ij. dronk in ℥.vj. of stale ale, morning and euening vj. dayes together. Also you must beware in the beginning of the inflammation of purging medicines. But yet you may vse soft clysters (specially if the belly be costiue) made of the decoction of mallowes, or lineseede, & fenugreke, or Ptysan broth, putting to it oyle of violets, or chammomill oyle. But you must beware that you put not in great abundance of it, for then the bowels being filled and stretched out with it will presse together the Reynes. But when the inflammation is perfectly ceased and concoct, which you may knowe by the ceasing of the paine, then also you may purge him by medicines that prouoke vrine. For after inflammacions concoct, and digest, the vrine commeth foorth much in quantitie and grosse. And in those that haue residence, it is good, and so iudgeth the best altogether. VVhat medicines prouoke vrine, we haue taught in the second booke of making of medicines the seuenth chapter, specially among pot herbs, fennel, apium, and parsneps well sodden, are good. And if by the aforesaid medicines, the inflammation be not driuen away, and if neither the paine, nor the feuer,Signa suppurationis. nor the heauinesse do rest by vsing of thaforesaid things, and also if difficultie of pissing, and often dropping down of the vrine, do vex the patient, these betoken matter to be gathered in that part. Therefore as swiftly as you can, you must help the suppuration, and breakinge out of the matter. For the which purpose, a sponge continually wet in water and oyle applied in steede of a fomēt profiteth. For the same purpose also vse cataplasmes, which are made of barley meale, bran, figges, althaea, and such like, rehearsed before in the Chapter of inflammation of the liuer. Also it profiteth greatly to descend into a bath made of mollifying herbs, as mallows, althaea lineseede, fenugreeke. And if after perfect suppuration, the rupture and breaking be delayd and taried (which you may know if the feuers and paines wax lesse,Signa perfectae suppurationis. and sense of heauinesse remaine about the reyne that is affected) minister those thinges in drinke, which prouoke vrine, as is, decoction of fennell, peniroyall, origan, and such like. For these sometime do [Page 128] breake the suppuration, and purge out the matter with the vryne. And if the vsing of them do profit nothing, you must wash the bellie with sharp clysters: as with roote of wilde cucumber sodden and alayed, or decoction of garlike or radish. You must steepe those in brine and commix a little oyle, whereby they may be made slipperie to be poured in. These must be throwen in with a clyster pipe, and the sicke must be bidden to holde it long time: for they are wont often to breake that suppuration, together with that, that they mollifie the bellie. Also if the rupture and breaking tarie, commin with wine called passum helpeth, and rewe with vinum mulsum. Signa rupturae factae. Moreouer the rupture being made, little peeces af flesh being long, are sent out with the vrine. And if the vlcers be malignant, there be sent out homours stinking, swart, and slimie, but if they be benigne and gentle, the matter that is pissed forth, is white, equall, light, and without grieuous sauour, and little in quantitie. After the eruptiō and breaking out of the matter, minister milke, with hony, and other things which shall be rehearsed in the Chapter of vlcers of the Reynes.

CAP XXXVIII. Of the stone in the reines. DE CALCVLO RENVM.

THE stone of the Raines happeneth oftener to men of perfect age, then to children.Causae. The cause of ingendring of such stones is continuall cruditie and rawnesse of the stomach, whereby in aboundance of grosse and earthly humours is heaped vp together, and burning of fierie heate about the reynes, parcheth the humours, and knites them together, and hardeneth them into a stone. The stones be in the reynes, nigh their ventricles either little or great, and sometime smaller,Differences of [...]. sometime manie, differing among them selues in greatnesse, figure, colour and sharpnesse: for they are found blacke, whitish and pale. There chaunceth to the sicke grieuous paine in the raines,Signa. and he feeleth like as it were a bodkinne thrust in, & yet there appeareth no swelling without. He can turne his backe bone hardly. The leg that is right against the raine, that is diseased, is astonied, there is present abhorring of meate and vomitting. About the beginning of obcuration and stopping, the vrine is pissed foorth little in quantitie and waterie. Afterward there followeth perfect suppression of the vrine, and the womb auoideth nothing, but it maketh manie proffers to go to the stoole. Sometime there is auoided forth bloud, through the violence of the stones, specially if they be sharp stones. Also the vrine hath grauelly residence specially when the stone is remoued from the reines, which signes aforesaide Hyppocrates declareth in lib. 6. Epid. par. 1. Aphor. 5. Moreouer things that be light and round, are easilie sent out: but not so, if they be of any other forme or fashion: but specially if they be long and sharp, they are hard to be sent out. VVhen the stone,Curatio. stopped in the raynes, doth cause most vehement paines, lest aboundance of bloud through the greatnesse of the paine should come downe together to the member diseased, in a body that is full of humors and strōg,Venesectio. you must by & by cut the veine in the hāme of that legge that is astonied, and is right against the reine that is diseased. But if those that labour of ill digestion or uitious humours,Purgatio. purging of the abundant humour is good for them. Neither may this caution be omitted, except some other thing do forbid them: which also Hippocrates biddeth, while he teacheth that young men should be purged with hellebore. And if it be not lawfull to let bloud, nor to minister purgation, you must wash the womb by ministring of clysters, which you must do at that time speciallie, when there is great plentie of excrements in the bowels. But you must onely beware that they be not strong clysters, & that they do not drawe plenty of humours from other places to the bowels, lest the passages of the vrine should be straightned and pressed together. But let them be such as are onelie able to auoide the excrements contained in the bowels,Clyster. as is this Clister. ℞. Mallowes, althaea, mercurie, maidenhaire, parietarie. ana. M.j. water cresses. M.j.ss. seedes of parsley, apium, fennell, and flaxe. ana. ʒ.iij. roote of gladon. ℥.j.ss. branne. ℥.j. boyle them in iust quantitie of water vnto the third part, and then take of the licour of that decoction being [Page 129] strained. ℥.xj. of casia fistula. ℥.j. of hierapicra. ℥.ss. mel rosarum strained. ℥.j.ss. oyles of dill, rewe, and chammomill. ana. ℥.j. salt. ʒ.ij. commix them all and make a clyster.Note. But we may in no case vse continuall clisters, and neglect almost all other remedies, as many phisitions do now adayes, but vse them twise or thrise, but so that they be not kept aboue theyr accustomed time. For if they be holden longer then they ought to be, they cause pressing together, and straightnesse of the reynes, and the conduites of the vrine. When the belly is purged and emptied of excrements, you must minister those medicines, which can loosen the condui [...]s and passages. For which purpose the region of the reynes, and the loynes must be annointed with this medicine. ℞. oyles of dill,Vnguentum. and of sweete almondes. ana. ʒ.ij. oyle of cammomill. ℥.j.ss. hennes grease, and goose greace. ana. ℈.ij. butter without sale. ʒ.j. wax as much as is sufficient, make a soft oyntment.Incessions. Also he must vse incessions of the decoctions of calamint, origan, water cresses, cole wortes, leaues of althaea, mallowes and such like, or the sicke must often be let downe into a great vessell of warme sweete water. Also foments of branne, with leaues of althaea, sodden, being applied to the grieued place be verie good. Also cataplasmes made of wheate meale, of lineseede and fenugreeke, of lupines,Cataplas [...]ta. of the roote of dog fennell beaten verie small, and of cammomill. Also it is good to lay bread sodden in wine called passum about the loynes and the bellie. Neither shall he do rashly which applieth cataplasmes, and other things before rehearsed to the bladder and the share. But you must bring on heapes one plaister after another, before the first do coole. For cold doth draw together and bind, and so doth hold still the stone in the raines, and in the conduites of the vrine. And if you list not to vse so many cataplasmes, you may couer it with some heating thing vpon it that it coole not. For these sometimes, and that not seldome, are wont to suffise for to cast out the stone by the vrine. And if these driue not away the disease, you must minister in drinke those thinges, which prouoke vrine. These that follow drawe much vrine: gladon, S. Iohns wort, parsley, orcoselinum, grommell, ammi, seede of daucus and fennell, asarum, roote of briony and mather, barke of the roote of capares, sperage & such like. With these commix those things that bring downe vrine vnto the Reines: as is roote of pē cedane, or dog fennell, briony, apium and raedicula. Also commixe with them those thinges that breake and teare the stone in the reines, as is, sium, maidenhaire, bdellium, [...]utsan feede, bruscus roote, saxifrage, betonie, roote of damosonium, broth of cicers, roote of Cypresse, gromell, lapis indiacus, xanthium, the seede and roote of althaea, gumme of plomb tree, earth wormes sodden, and stones and sponges of the sea. Euerie one of these part of them sodden and part of them verie finely poudred, minister them to drink. But it is best to minister those things which prouoke vrine and breake the stone, at that time, when the vehement paines be released: which chaunceth when the stone is remoued, and stirred out of his place. But if the stones be established fast, and be vehemently compact in the Reines, he must eschewe much drink, and also those things that prouoke vrine. For seing they bring with thē to the raines a great abundance of excrements, they cause the passages of the vrine to be stopped, and letteth the passing of the stones out of the raines. You must release and losen the rains, and the conduites of the vrine, with foments, cataplasmes and incessions, as is aforesaide. Also the belly must be voided with light clysters, lest the passages of the vrine be stopped. After that the paine is a little released▪ you may also apply profitaby to them a cuppinge glasse, specially subtilly fastened to, if inflammation do not let it: for often times cuppinge glasses do so remoue on heaps those stones, that they cease the paines by and by (that is) the stones being caried into the amplitude of the bladder. VVherefore in the beginning fasten a cupping glasse aboue from the reine, and then to the part about the priuie members, ouer thwartly according to the placinge of the conduites of the vrine. Moreouer stones being brought from the raines to the bladder, and for their greatnesse being holden still about the necke of the bladder; they do often bring the sicke into extraeme perill, as well thorough their pricking paine, as also because they will not suffer the vrine to come out. You must go about to let the sicke lye in such a fashion, that he may lye vpright, and haue the [...]oyntes of his [...]ickle bones lye verie high. Then you must [...] them manie wayes, that by all the meanes, that you can inuent, you may make the stone to fall out of the passage of the bladder. Afterward you must bidde the sicke to put out the vrine quickly▪ but when the stone is [...] [Page 132] bloud or atter be pissed out, it signifieth exulceration either of the reynes, or of the bladder. And by & by after he saith, if in a grosse and thicke vrine, there appeare little peeces of flesh, or as it were haires,Diet. they are sent from the reynes. Therefore when these appeare, let the sicke eschewe crudities, and sacietie or fulnesse. Therefore let him eate no raw things in his meates, neither that which is hard of digestion, or that will easily corrupt, or ingender inflammations or windinesse. Let him chiefly abstaine from those thinges, which do soone waxe soure or sharp. Also from all sharp and burning things, and whatsoeuer doth breede and ingender choler: as is, much thirst, abstinence, hunger, labour, wrath, solitarinesse, exercise, watching, & immoderate sauces. He must eschew aboue all things immoderate riding, and all vehement mouing and stirring: also he must auoid perpetuall idlenesse, and continuall bathing. He must vse new bread well wrought. And giue him flesh of birdes of the mountaines, and kids flesh, and such like tender flesh. Also giue him scalie fishes of grauelly places, rosted on a grediron. Moreouer riuer crabs, soupings of Ptysan and amylum sodden with milke, be maruelous good. Giue him also milke mixed with egges, and the fat broth of an henne. Also rere egges ministred alone, are good. Of pot herbes, mallowes, endiue, sorrell, purslaine, and lettuce are good: but all these must be sodden, for the sicke must eate nothing that is rawe, as is aforesaid. Of fruicts, raisons are not hurtfull, and pine nuttes. Also almondes well blaunched are good. Much drinke & strong must be eschewed. And he must altogether abstaine from cold drinke. For cold, as Hyppocrates sayth, 5. Aph. 20. is an enemie to vlcers. For his drinke let him vse wine that is alayed, and somewhat restrictiue: or let him drinke goates milke, or sheepes milke, or almond milke. Carnall copulation is maruelous euill not onely for vlcers, but also for all other diseases of the reynes, specially in old men, and in them that be weake of nature. Such things must be eschewed, as do prouoke vrine. Also bathing let be seeldome vsed, as is aforesaid. It is not vnprofitable to vse natural Bathes, and waters spronge of them-selues, and speciallie allome waters, and brimstone waters, for it is commodious to washe cold places: It destroieth vlcers that be hard to cure, as well outwardly as also inwardly. Also naturall waters dronke after the morning walke are good.Curatio. The cure of vlcers of the reyns, whē as they are caused through sharp & gnawing humors, must be begun of purging of vitious and gnawing humours. They that are thus affected,V [...]i [...]e. you must also purge them by vomite. For vomit is not good onely for to auoide vicious humours, but also if any man do vomite boldly euerie moneth, he shall dissolue the vlcer of the reines, and what euill soeuer may chaunce there: for it turneth the mouing of the humours into a contrary part.Medicines stopping gnawing of humours. Also in the meane season you must minister medicines which do stop the gnawing of the sharp humours, as is, mallowes, endiue, sorrell, purslaine, seede of melons, cucumbers, and gourdes, syrupes of violets, roses, and water lillies, and the conserues of them.Purging of the vlcers. But when the vicious humours be purged, he must drinke aqua mulsa, or the decoction of fenugreeke with honie, or of cucumbers, or of mallowes, or of melons seede with hydromell. Also minister milke with honie newly milked, and hote, for it is good to purge the vlcers. Also goates whey, decoction of barley, of raysons, and of licorice, is maruelous good, also the iuyce is likewise. When that the vlcers be purged and cleansed: which you may knowe, if there appeare in the vrine, neither peeces of the couer of the vlcer, nor yet dreggie and filthie atter, but matter that is whitish, light, equall and little in quantitie: then minister such medicines, as do drie vp and conglutinate. For which purpose giue him Bole armoniacke,Gl [...]i [...]ati [...]et. Pul [...]is. gumme, tragacanth, amylum, terra lemnia, and such like before rehearsed. But among other thinges, this powder a maruelous good. ℞. Terrae lemniae, bole armoniacke. ana. j.ss. Tragacanthae, spodium burnt. ana. ʒ.j. amylum, pine nuttes toasted. ana. ʒ.ss. lineseede, cucumber seede blaunched, melons seede. ana. ʒ.ij. seede of Apium. ℈.ij. dragons bloud. ʒ.j. beate them altogether, & make a verie fine pouder, of the which giue the sicke dayly. ʒ.ij. with milke newe milked.To drie and strength the reines. Moreouer outwardly you must applie such thinges as can drie and strength the reynes. Therefore minister emplaisters and cerotes, or oyntmentes made of the oyles of roses, and of mirtles, of barley meale, frankensence, masticke, red roses and such like. Examples whereof you may seeke before. As for other remedies, we will rehearse hereafter in the chapter of vlcers of the bladder.

[Page 133]

CAP. XLI. Of the stone in the bladder.

STONES in the bladder do ingender oftenner in children, then in older folke.Calculum vesicae. Causae. When that vrine grosse and verie thicke is caried into the largenesse of the bladder, it setleth and stayeth there, like dregs of wine, or muddy water, and afterward through the heate, that is in children, being dried and compact together, it breedeth a stone. Therfore there be two special causes of the ingendring of the stone in the bladder (that is) thicknesse of the vrine, and heate of children. They that haue the stone in the bladder, they itch often,Signa. and do handle his priuie members, which also are swollen, and they are constrained to make water continually, and they are vexed with the strangury, or dropping out of vrine.Curatio. The cure of this disease is almost the same, that the cure of the stone in the reynes is. But they differ in this thing, because the stones of the bladder require stronger medicines, and you must apply the medicines in another place then you did in the cure of the reynes. The stones that are ingendred in the bladder, are broken chiefly with these medicines (that is) the seede & roote of fennell, of louage,To breake the stone in the bladder. black piony seeds, motherwort, chammomill, the roote and seede of althaea, sium, maydenhaire, sorrell rootes, the stones of sponges, the stone of tecolithus, grommell, bruscus roote & seede, the stones, which come out of men (with their vrine) brayed & drunk, the seed of little burs, the bark of capers, sothern wood seede, iacint, white violets, smalach, parsley and other such like, which do prouoke vrine, and which be rehearsed in the chapter of the stone in the reines. To these you must conioyne the most laudable remedie (that is) a hedge sparow being dressed in salt, & taken raw in meate, doth heale the disease perfectly. For it expelleth the stones that are alreadie ingendred by the vrine, and it letteth them from ingendring any more. Also goats bloud is a present remedie, aswel for the stone of the reines, as of the bladder: for it dissolueth those that be engēdred, and it driueth them out with the vrine, & it prohibiteth other to ingender any more, and it ceaseth paine. Furthermore if the stones of the bladder cannot come out by the passage of the vrine, but that they be there stopped, & compact togither, & so do cause suppression of vrine: then the sicke must be vpward, so that his hippes must lye vpward and highest, and then you must moue him hither and thither many wayes, that thereby the stone may fall out of the passage, and afterward bid him pisse euen as he lyeth yet vpward. But if he can not make water so neither, prouoke the vrine by a cyring, and after that you must minister those medicins, which haue vertue to breake the stone in the bladder. And if the cure come not to passe by this meanes, you must come to cutting. The stone therefore being consumed by any of the meanes aforesaid, such an order of diet must be appointed to the patient, that the stone may not engender againe, which we haue prescribed in the Chapter of the stone in the reynes.

CAP. XLII. Of bloud broken out of the bladder or curded in it.

IT chaunceth somtime that a veine breaketh in the bladder,Causae. & then some of the bloud is sent out, & some waxeth thick and curdeth within. When the bloud is thickened and curded within, the patientes heart fayleth him,Signa. and he waxeth pale, his pulses be small, darke, and thicke, he is sorowfull, he is colde, and his strength decayeth. And sometime when a clodde of bloud, chaunceth to fall into the passage of the vrine, thē it stoppeth the going out of the vrine. You must in this case, as also in other brustinges out of bloud, cause a verie quicke and speedie remedie.Curatio. Therefore if nothing forbid it, it is good to cut the veine in the arme, drawing out the bloud by times, that by this meanes the bloud may be drawen back often, and by little & little. Let the pacient in his lying be laid vpward, and let his hips be lifted vp, & applie sponges dipped in posca (that is) water & vineger sodden togither to coole him. Also the extreme parts must be bound, & the share must be couered with spōges dipped in posca. If the euil increase cupping glasses fastened to the ilions, & to the loynes profit much. After irrigaciōs with the [Page 134] sponges dipped in posca, you must vse cataplasmes of knot grasse, brambles, plantaine and pomegranate floures. Also vse Cerotes made of hypocischis, acatia, bole armoniack and such like rehearsed before in the Chapters of spitting of bloud, and of the fluxe dysenteria. You must poure into the bladder iuice of knot grasse, plantaine, or millefolie, commixing with it acatia, bole annoniacke, trochiskes of spodium and such like. Also incessions of such like things are good. For both Posca and decoction of Lentiscus, and also of brambles and such like,To bring out bloud. are good. Also you must minister in drink, medicines apt to bring out bloud, as be rhaponticum finely beaten, and 12. red seedes of pionie, terra lemnia, horse taile, the roote of centory the great,To dissol [...]e curded bloud. the bark of frankensence & such like. But in them that bloud is congealed & curde [...] in the bladder, first you must go about to dissolue & disperse that bloud with conuenient medicines. Therfore you must minister in drink, motherwort, stichados, citrine, wormwood, sothernwood, shauing of a vine, radish seede, hares or goats creme, ech of thē with oxymell. Also oximell ministred by it selfe doth profit maruelouslie, for it dissolueth the curds, that afterward they may come forth by little & little, with the vrine. Apply outwardly bathes, ointments, irrigations, and other things that haue vertue to loosen & release, which you must seeke out of the chapter of the stone in the reynes.Ceratum. Aboue other things this cerote is verie good. ℞. of the oyles of roses and chammomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. calamint, comin, leaues of elder. ana. ʒ.iij. bitumen iudaicum, gumme ammoniak. ana. ʒ.ij. hares creame. ʒ.iij. sothernwood, meale of fenugreeke. ana. ℥.ss. spermacety. ʒ.j. with rosen and wax as much as is sufficient, make a cerote to apply to the share. And if you profit nothing by doing thus, but the vrine is stil stopped, you must of necessitie vse a ciring: by the which when you haue brought out the vrine, you must againe minister the things aforesaid in drinke, & apply those things outwardly, which do dissolue congealed bloud. And if the cloddes of bloud will not yet be dissolued, you must come to the cutting of it, likewise as you did in the stone of the bladder.

CAP. XLIII. Of inflammatian of the bladder.

Inflammatio ves [...]ae. OF diseases that be in the bladder, and ingender there, the most grieuouse and deadly is the inflammation therof. The sicke hath these tokens following. They are vexed with a sharp feuer, they watch, they raue, and speake they wotte not what:Signa. they vomit pure choler, and they cannot make water. The share becommeth hard and hath vehement paine, they haue desire to the stoole, as is wont in the disease called Tenasmus. The ordure that commeth foorth is thinne & hath no residence. Also sometime inflations follow, and the womb is costiue the right gut being pressed together of the inflammation of the bladder.Curatio. To them that haue this disease, if nothing let it cut the veine of the hamme without any tarying, or draw bloud of the ankles. Also minister to him a thinne kind of diet,Diet. as is prescribed in other inflammations. He must also abstaine from wine, & he must vse water, wherein a little cinnamon hath bene sodden. Outwardly you must applie those things, that haue power to cease and mitigate paine. Therefore the place of the bladder must be nourished with oyle wherein hath bene sodden dill, lineseede, and sometime rewe and althaea. Medicines that be cold and restrictiue must altogether be forborn: and that chiefly because the bladder is full of sinews. For cold as Hyppocrates witnesseth 5. Aphoris. 28 is an enemy to sinewes. Moreouer because cold things do shut vp & bind, & so do stop the vrine (which thing chauncing in this euill by it selfe) it increaseth it. And last of all because cold things do prohibit and let that the humours causing inflammation, may be dissolued, consumed & digested. Therefore medicines meanely hote are rather to be applied, which haue vertue to cease paine, to losen the pipe and passage of the vrine, and to dissolue the inflammation. Also let the guts be washed with soft & easie clisters, and after the dong is comfoorth,Clyster. cast in oyle of dill, or such like thing to ease and cease the paine. It is good to seeth poppie shelles, together with oyle, and to poure in goose greace, or fresh henns greace sodden together in the same oyle. In most vehement paine you must poure in ʒ.j. of pilles of houndes tong dissolued in oyle of dill: or take opium with mirrhe & saffron, & annoint it vpon [Page 135] woll, & put it vp into the fundament. Also let the sicke sit in the decoction of lineseede, fenugreeke, roote of altheae, dancus seede, and such like, and bid the sicke pisse as he sitteth in the water of the decoction. For the bladder is not strong enough to receaue & expell out the vrine: therefore the patient or some that be about him, must thrust and presse the share easilie and softly, and that must not be done out of measure, lest that paine should be augmented thereby. Also after clysters and incessions vse foments by hote water,Fomenta. Sacculi. and apply oyle in oxe bladders, or other vessels, halfefull, or little bagges as is shewed in the chapter of the plurisie. And if for all these thinges, the euill cease not, fasten a cupping glasse with scarification to the grieued places. Moreouer he must abstaine from those thinges which prouoke vrine vehemently, and he must eschewe much drinke, when there appeareth euident declination of the disease, you must come to the vse of those thinges that haue vertue to dissolue and mollifie, whereof we haue spoken often before.Catheter. The putting in of a Cyring into him that is diseased with inflammation of the bladder is not easie to vse & specially in men: for seing it can not be put into them without paine, it sharpeneth the paine and increaseth the inflammation: but in women it is no great hurt to vse it. For the passage of the vrine in them is short and straight, so that they may suffer the doing of it without paine. But if the perill through the stopping of vrine do verie much constraine you, then you must of necessitie vse a ciring in men also: not because it taketh away the anguish of the disease, but rather because it should amende the great suppression of vrine, and deliuer the patient from deadlie perill. After that you haue entised out the vrine, you must come againe to the remedies which do cease paine, vntill the inflammation be dissolued and rotted. Oftentimes the inflammation is wont to be dissolued by and by thorough the meanes of an Erisipela, rising outwardly vppon the skinne, and remayning there, and not returning againe inwarde. Yea and oftentimes much vrine being cast out, doeth iudge the euill. Yet neuerthelesse although these things appeare, you must still vse the remedies aforesaid: in as much as for the most part, perfect tension and stretching out being risen, continuall exacerbations and fittes are caused, and long constitution of the euill. But when the perillous fittes are ceased, and the constitution of the disease is nowe waxen olde, you must come to the vsing of ointments, which do call out and bring foorth the humours from within: and likewise emplaisters, which do rubifie and blister the skin, are to be applied which you may find after.

CAP. XLIIII. Of vlcers of the bladder and his necke.

THE bladder is exulcerate either thorough some bile, or botch, or swelling,Vlcera veficae which hath bene before, or through some rupture, or by eating, and gnawing of a fluxe, or through some such like cause. There followeth this sicknesse sharp paine of the bladder, at all times pissing and auoiding out matter.Signa. And when the vlcers be foule and filthy, there commeth foorth dreggie and slimie matter, and such as hath a grosse residence like branne. And sometime thinne skinnes like leaues, and woll are sent out with the vrine. If the vlcers do spreade abroade and feede deepe, there is sent out vrine that is bloudie, atterie and stinking. To these signes may be added, difficulty of making water, and rising vp of the yarde. There is paine not onely, when the passage of the vrine is exulcerate, but also when the exulceratiō is in the bottom or depth. You may knowe whether the exulceration be in the bottome of the bladder, or nigh the pipe and passage of the vrine by this: for if it be in the depth of the bladder, there followeth paine about the share: but if the vlcers be nigh the necke of the bladder, there is paine felt onely at such time, as he maketh water, and specially at the beginning and ending of his pissing: & also his paine is the greater if the vrine be sharp. They that are vexed with this euill, they either sit continually, or they can not stand vpright, nor rest lying along, & thorough great and continuall paine they are killed with feuers,VVhy the vlcers of the bladder be incurable. watchings, and consumings, some sooner and some later. But the vlcers of the bladder be incurarable, or at the least wayes very harde to cure: as well because the bladder is smowie, as [Page 136] also because the vrine which is of nature sharp doth cōtinually touch the vlcers, & so gnaweth them: and will not suffer them to conglutinate and ioyne together. For although much vrine be sent out, yet all the bladder can not be cleane emptied, but alwayes some of the vrine is left in it, which doth continually touch the vlcers▪ Yea when the abundance of vrine is sent out, then the bladder shrinketh vp and falleth together, so that the vrine that is left in it, although it be verie little, yet it toucheth euery part therof. But seing that oftentims some thinges chaunce besides our expectation, you shall go about the cure, by the which, if you bring nothing else to passe,Curatio. yet you shall deminish the paines of the fits. First therefore, you must perswade the patient to ly down and to rest in his bed: and that specially, when that he hath a feuer. Then you must minister remedies for intermitting feuers. The chiefe thing in this case hath bene drinking of milke, and this is to be compared aboue all other medicines. For it maketh smooth roughnesse, and washeth vlcerations, and scoureth the euill. Let the rest of his diet be such, as that is, which is ministred in the exulceration of the reynes. Also you must comfort the sicke by medicines, that will let the ingendring of sharp vrine, which doth gnaw & fret the vlcers. And if there be inflāmation with the exulceration, cataplasmes of lineseede, and fenugreeke, and other things, which are rehearsed before in the chapter of inflammation of the bladder, are apt and meete to be applied. Moreouer, if the exulceration do spreade broder & eate depe, you must apply outwardly medicines somewhat restrictiue, and that such as be hote whē they are applied, that by their heate they might help the painfull places round about by mollifying them, & that through their vertue, they may prohibite the places nigh adioyning to feede and eate.Restrictiue medicines. Restrictiue medicines be these: galles, pomegranate rinds, alome, acatia, hypocischis, and such like often rehearsed of vs before. Also you must vse to minister to them, medicines cast in with a cyring. You must cast into the exulcerate places, milk newly milked, or verie good oyle of roses warme. And if none of these be at hād, you must cast in continually most sweete water warmed: specially at such time as the gnawing is present. Also you must driue in by the fundament the iuice of Ptysan, or the decoction of lineseede,Note. cucumber seede husked, fenugreeke, mallowes, or milke with oyle of roses. Moreouer when thou wilt minister a clister to him which is diseased in the bladder, he may not ly vpward, for the bladder then will not suffer the infusion to enter in, because it lyeth vpon the streight bowell: but the patient must lye groueling vppon his knees, and so you must cast in your infusion. Also let the sicke sitte often in hoate water, and in dissoluing decoctions, for these do cease paine somwhat. And when the vlcers do spreade abrode and feede, you must cast into the bladder by a Cyring such thinges as can stoppe the feeding: as be acatia, hypocischis, terra lemnia, bole armoniacke and other rehearsed a little before. But if the vlcers be foule and filthie, you must poure in medicines, which haue vertue to scoure and cleanse them, as is mulsa much watered, or milcke with a little honie, or with the seede of Cucumbers cleansed. But if there followe sharpnesse and gnawing, cast in milcke newlye milked, mixed with good amylum, or Tuttie washed and dryed with manie waters, and then mixed with the milcke. When the vlcers be scoured and purged cleane, you must procure to bring them to a scarre, and to heale them. And that must be done by restrictiue incessions, and by emplaisters, fomentes, and irrigations, that be of like facultie and vertue. But if the exulceration doe endure long time, as it chaunceth for the most parte, then the pacient hath exacerbations and fittes sometime and intermission and space from them at other times. Therefore in the painefull fittes applye emplaisters and irrigations, hauinge power to cease and ease the paine, and in the time of the intermission betweene the fittes, vse such thinges as haue vertue to destroy the euill. Therefore applie to the share, Synapismes, and such thinges as will rubifie and blister. And let the sicke vse a diet that is good to restore strength. And if the euill doeth not waxe gentler, you must make burnt scurfes about the share, either by medicines or with iron, and to suffer the vlcers to purge and cleanse them selues long time with matter flowinge out.To cease paine. You may also minister medicines to cease paine in drincke, if vehement paines vexe him. For this purpose aboue other thinges, which we haue rehearsed in other places, the pills of Alkakengi with opium are good. Also these things following do much mitigate the paines of exulceration (that is) cucumberseede, mallowes, white poppie, tragacanthe, [Page 137] amylum, pine nuttes and almondes. Therefore this medicine may be ministred. ℞. conserue of violets. ℥.iij. seede of mallowes. ʒ.ij. of the foure great colde seedes. ana. ʒ.j. liquorace scraped. ʒ.j.ss. gumme. ℈.ij. bole armoniake. ʒ.ss. trochiskes of terra lemnia. ʒ.j. make them vp altogether with syrupe of liquorice. Minister of it dayly in the morning the quantitie of an hasell nut. Moreouer you must throwe into the bladder medicines that can cease paine, and heale the exulceration.

CAP. XLV. Of the strangurie. DE STILLICIDIO VRINAE.

STRANGVRIA in greeke, stillicidium vrinae in Latine, is a disease wheras the vrine distilleth downe by drops, [...] or by little and little and causeth a continuall prouoking and desire to pisse. This disease is caused through the sharpnesse of the vrine, or by exulceration of the bladder,Causae. or by an impostume of the liuer, or the reynes, which being broken and sending the filth and atter to the bladder, through the sharpnesse thereof, it causeth continuall desire to pisse. You shall iudge that sharpnesse is the cause, if his vrines be cholericke,Signae. and also all the state of the bodie, if the rest of the signes betoken choller, and that gnawings do chaunce about the bladder. You may know the exulceration of the bladder, as also an impostume or bile of the liuer and the reynes, by the signes afore rehearsed in their owne proper chapters.Curatio. If therfore the strangurie be caused through sharpnes of the vrine, then you must purge the vicious and naughty humour, that doth abound, with all spede. For the which purpose, besides those thinges which are often spoken of before, whey with casia fistula, is maruelouse good, or some other medicine that bringeth out choler. The cholerik humour being auoided & purged, the patient must vse meats that be temperate, and that can stop the sharpnes: as is,Victus ratio. iuyce of ptisan, mallowes, purslaine, violets, cucumber seede and such like. He must abstaine from all things that be sharp or salt. Also let him eschew wine, exercises, wrath, and slow eating: for all these things do heape vp choler in the bodie. Let them vse stony fishes, and bathes of sweete water, which is wont to make temperate vicious humours maruelously. In drink you must minister much sweete water hote, or the decoction of barley with syrupe of violets, & roses. But you may not giue him wine, as is said, except it be sweete and alayed with water. Also milk drunk hote, is the best thing that can be. To conclude for the order of his diet, he must vse meates that do moisten, and brothes that do make the womb soluble. But the sicke must be compelled to pisse continually: for if the sharp dregs do tarie long in the bladder, it gnaweth and exulcerateth it. Also to stop the sharpnesse of the humours, minister the medicine which we haue described in the end of the former chapter. For the same purpose minister decoction of licorice, or this pouder following. ℞. of the seedes of melons husked,Puluis. citrons, and cucumbers. ana. ʒ.iij. seedes of gourds, purslaine, and lettuse. ana. ʒ.ij. of red roses. ʒ.j. iuice of licorice & of mast. ana. ʒ.j.ss. beate them all and make a fine pouder: whereof giue dayly the weight of ʒ.j.ss. in the morning with syrupe of licorice, or inleps of violets or roses. Also venice turpentine washed in rosewater or endiue water,Terebinthina ves [...]. & minister the quantitie of a nut, or sometime two or three is maruelous good for this (as Galen witnesseth. lib. 5. detuenda sanitate) doth not only loosen the bellie without hurt, & so by that meanes, turneth away the sharp humours from the passages of the vrine: but also it scoureth & clenseth the inwarde partes, and specially the reines. And there hath bin some, that haue recouered health onely by the vse of this. Also clisters made of the decoction of mallowes, violettes, althaea, leaues of willowe, water lillies, and other afore rehearsed, putting to thē casia fistula, suger,Clyster. and oyle of violets, and roses do profit much. But if the sharpnesse do stil increase, you must also cast in by the yarde into the bladder milke with amylum. Also for the same purpose you may cast in the decoction of white poppie, and you must annoynt outwardly vppon the share, and there aboutes oyles of violettes, and water lillyes, puttinge to them a verie little of the iuyce of purslaine. But if the Strangurie doeth chaunce through exulceration [Page 138] of the bladder, or thorough some other part of the bodie being euill affected, and so purging it selfe out by the vrine, then it is manifest that those members ought first to be cured, but yet so that this present euill be not neglected. The cures of euerie part you may seeke out of their proper places and chapters.

CAP. XLVI. Of difficultie of pissing. DE DIFFICVLTATE VRINAE.

DISVRIA in Greeke, vrinae difficultas, it is a disease wherein the vrine is pissed hardly and difficultly. [...]. Causae. It is caused through weakenesse of the bladder, and through cold distempure of it which hurteth his actions. Also sometime it is caused of grosse and fleugmatike humours which stop the necke of the bladder.Signa. You may know colde distempure if it come of an outward cause, by the patients telling, and by the thinnesse and whitenesse of the vrine. But if besides the whitenesse there appeare grosnesse in the vrine, you may iudge it a fleugmatike humour, which hath stopped the neck of the bladder,Cure of a colde distempure. as is aforesaid. Cold distēpure is cured by those things that do heate. Therefore be must vse heating meates, & wine that is hote and condite. Also he must vse medicines which prouoke vrine, as are parsneps well sodden, fennel, apium, sperage, smalach and such like. Also crabs and hedgehogges do prouoke vrine very well. You must dry their flesh and minister the weight of one ʒ. in drink. Also minister in drinke the decoctions of aromatique things, or electuaries made of them, and so named of them. Aboue other things the antidotes of diacalaminthes, dialactia, and diacurcuma, are verie good. Also triacle giuen in drinke is maruelous good. You must nourish the share without, with hote oyles, as is, oyles of rewe, dill, lillies, scorpions, and of castoreum. Also you must applie foments,Foment [...]. and little bags made of chammomill, sothernwood, betony, mugwort, rewe, calamint, saucin and such like herbs. The sicke must sit in the decoction of the aforesaid herbes, and couer and make hote the bottome of the belly. Also sometime it profiteth to cast in the decoction of the saide herbes mixed with hoate oyles into the foundament. If a colde and fleugmatike humour do cause difficulty of pissing,Cure of a fleugmati [...]ke humor that stoppeth. then the patient must vse oxymell, and decoctions of hysope, penyroall, origan, time, & such like often before rehearsed. Also let them vse foments, irrigations, & little bags made of hote things, wherof we spake a litle before, & in the former chapters. Moreouer whether a grosse humour or the stone, or a clod of bloud, or any other thing of that kinde through stopping do let the passage of the vrine, it is good to put in a Cyring, vnlesse inflāmation of the members do let it, which also we haue ad monished before.

CAP. XLVII. Of stopping of the vrine. DE SVPPRESSIONE ƲRINAE.

ISCVRIA in greeke, suppressio vrine in Latin, it is a disease, in the which the vrine of the pacient is altogether letted & stopped. [...]. Causae. This disease is caused somtime through weaknes of the bladder, not being able to thrust out that which is contained in it. Also sometime it chaunceth through stopping of the nether passage of the bladder, or of grosse humours, or of a stone congealed. Also it is wont to come either of an inflammation, or of hardnesse, or some swelling against nature, which maketh the passages straighter, or stoppeth it altogether. Also sometime it cometh by a little peece of flesh, or a hard knob ingendred in the passage of the vrine. Also bloud congealed into cloddes in the bladder, is cause of the suppression and stopping of vrine. Also atter sent down to the bladder frō the reines, or the liuer, or from some other vpper part, causeth stopping of the vrine, euen like as a grosse & clammie humour doth. Also it chaunceth sometime, that through the dull sense of the bladder, that the vrine is not made, and yet [Page 139] it is without hurt of the vertue expulsiue, when as his proper synowes be euill affected: so in haile folke when the vrine is holden long time, the bladder is stretched out, and the vrine is stopped. If stopping of the vrine be caused through weakenes of the bladder,Signa. it is knowne by those signes which declare the cold distempure of the bladder. If it be caused of grosse humours, it is knowen by the diet that went before. As if one that liueth idlely, hath vsed much meates which do engender grosse and clammie humours. If it be caused of the stone, you may knowe it by the signes which are rehearsed before in the chapter of the stone. If it be caused of inflammation or of any other swelling, it is knowen by paine by feauer and by sight. When suppression of the vrine is caused through some peece of fleshe, or some knobbe, it may be knowne by the signes of vlcers aforesaide: and also because that a cyring being put in, the vrine commetn out. Also a cyring being put into that part of the conduite or passage, where you coniectured the byle to be before, it moueth paine, and the flesh being broken with the cyring, there followeth out with the pissinge of the vrine, both blood and fragments of flesh. If clodded blood cause stopping of the vrine, there went before it excretion and pissing of blood, or fluxe thereof. When as attre hath stopped the vrine, you may know it by things that chaunce before: for either the bladder or the reynes laboured of some euill before, whereby such, & so much atter might gather: or there hath bene an impostume in some member aboue the reines, which being broken the attre is sent downe into the reines, and so into the bladder: the rest of the causes may be knowen by the patientes telling.Curatio. Cure if it be of weakenes of the bladder The cure is diuerse according to the diuersitie of causes. For if the stopping of vrine be caused through imbecillitie and weakenes of the bladder, you must minister and apply those thinges which doe heate, as is saide in the former chapter. For you must altogeather remoue cold distempure, which letteth the actions of the bladder. If the withholding of vrine be engendred of grosse and clammie humours, he must be cured by fomentes, incessions,Cure if it be of grosse humours. and cataplasmes made of herbes that be hot, and that haue vertue to cut and deuide the humours, and with a diet of such like things. Besides those things which we haue rehearsed in the former chapter of difficultie of pissing, this oyntment following is notably good,Vnguentum. to take away the disease. ℞. of the oile of scorpions, oyle of narde, and of lillies. ana. ʒ.iij. gumme serapine, bdellium, and oppoponax. ana. ℈.ij. goose greace, duckes greace. ana. ʒ.ss.. roote of Enula campana. ℈.ij. penyroiall, calamint. ana. ʒ.ss. dissolue the gummes in wine, and with wax as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment. Also you must throw into the bladder with a cyring, oyle of scorpions, or lillies, or some other thing that can dissolue, cut, and deuide clammie humours. If the vrine be stopped through the stone or clodded blood:Cure if it be of the stone or clodded blood. you must seeke the cure out of their proper chapters. For the stone which hath stopped the passage of the vrine must be remoued out of his place as is taught before in the 41. chapter: but the clodded blood must be dissolued, as is taught in the 42. chapter. If the vrine be stopped through inflammation,Cure if it be of swellings. or some other swelling against nature, the cure must also be sought out of their owne propre chapters. And if the vrine be stopped through some litle peece of flesh or hard knobbe,Cure if it be of a peece of flesh or knobble. apply bathinges and other dissoluing and loosening medicines and such as doe open and spread abroad the pype & conduit of the vrine: examples whereof you may seeke out of the chapter of the stone of the reines. And if the vrine doe not come out so, you must come to the vsing of a cyring, and by putting in of the instrument you must entice out the vrine.Cure if it be of the obtuse sence of the bladder. If the vrine be suppressed through the dull sence of the bladder, you must raise vp his action, by prouoking vrine, and you must helpe it by incessions, fomentes, and other hot medicines, which can take awaie his sleeping and dulnes. But you must onely eshue those thinges which prouoke vrine, least that through plentie of it, the bladder be stretched out, and so the contractiue vertue of it should be hurt. Moreouer you must entice out vrine with intrum, or salt peter, or with a quicke louse, or with some other thing, that can stirre vp the vertue expulsiue of the bladder. In healthfull folke, when through some great busines the vrine is holden to long, and so hath made the bladder feeble, that it cannot expell it out,Cure if it come in haile folke. then he must helpe himselfe thus. He must stand, so that the necke of the bladder may leane downward, and he must lay both his handes about his share, and he must presse it & thrust out the vrine by litle & litle, & thus may he do also in the dul sence, of the bladder aforesaid.

[Page 140]

CAP. XLVIII. Of exulceration of the priuie members. DE EXVLCERATIONE PVDENDI.

VLCERS engendred in the priuie members without inflammation haue need of medicines, which doe drie vppe vehemently: such as these be paper burned,Aloe [...]rida. drie dill burnt, and drie Aloës made into powder, for you can scarcely finde a more present remeadie. Also the roote of Aristolochia rotunda doeth bring present remeadie to the exulceration of the priuie members. Also among compounde medicines,P [...]is opti [...]. that is the most effections and profitable. ℞. Aloës epaticum. ʒ.ij. gaules. ʒ.j. dragons blood, bole armoniacke, tuttie. ana. ʒ.j. rootes of Aristolochia rotunda. ʒ.ss. mirrhe. ℈.j. of gumme arabicke. ʒ.ij. alome burnt. ʒ.ss. let all these be beaten,Abstertion of the vlcers. and make a fine pouder, and strew it vppon the exulcerate partes. But if the vlcers be verie moist and foule, first scoure them and clense them with mulsa well alaied, and then after with goates milke: which thing being done, vse the aforesaid pouder, or lapis h [...]matites or frankensence or pomegranade ryndes, or terra lemnia or such like beaten into pouder. If there chaunce inflammation togeather with the exulceration, you must first remoue the inflammation with linnen cloathes wet in roose water, or night shade, or purselaine water, or housleeke water, putting to it the white of an egge, and applying it to the diseased place. The rest of the remeadies, seeke out of other chapters.

CAP. XLIX. Of the continuall standing of the yearde. DE PRIAPISMO.

PRIAPISMVS (as Galen witnesseth in lib. 6. de male affectis locis. cap. 6.) is whē the yeard is stretched out in length and in breadth,Priapismus. nothing prouoking the patient to lust and desire, nor no heate gotten. And if there chaunce to the yeard panting or beating, then the euill is called Satyriasis. This euill is caused (as Galen doth witnes in the place aforesaid) either through immoderate opening of the mouth of the arteries,Satyriasis Causae. or of some vaporous spirite engendred in the hollow and fistulous sinow. But it followeth often after the gaping and opening of the mouthes of the arteries. For it is easier for them to stretch out wide, then for flatuous and windy aire to engender in the hollow sinow. For the loynes being het, it is reason that the arteries are made hotter, and that also other mouthes should be wider opened. Therefore at that time, they send out no small substaunce of spirite or aire into the hollow senew, which being a litle filled, it stretcheth out the yarde, so that all his power doth seme to consist in the holow sinow. Sometime this euill chaunceth to them which haue abstained long time from carnall copulation contrarie to their custome. And this thing chaunceth speciallie to them, that doe abound with much blood, and doe not studie to disperse the aboundaunce of blood with much exercise. They that labour of this disease be grieued, as those be, which be taken with distention and stretching out of the synewes: for the yard being puffed vp, and stretched out, suffereth as it were a crampe. They that haue this conuulsion or crāpe, doe quickly perish, vnlesse helpe be vsed to them by and by: and when they die their bellie is puffed vp,Curatio. and their swet is colde. The cure is diuerse according to the diuersitie of causes▪ for if the disease do chaunce through gaping of the mouthes of the arteries, and so through the heate of them, by and by it is good to let blood by cutting of a vaine which thing also you shall doe, when this euill taketh them which abound with blood, and haue abstained long time from carnall copulation, contrarie to their custome. And you must cut the blacke veine which is called media or mediana, the middle veine of the arme. Also he must vse a thinne diet, and abstaine from wine. Giue him but litle meate made of corne, and that which doth engender no wind at all, and that causeth thirst, and it is good for him [Page 141] to vse to drincke water exercises and frictions or rubbings are well applyed and vsed, to dissolue and disperse the spirites or ayre. Also it is good to goe about emptying by vomiting. Also if the wombe be costiue and bound, you must make it soluble with a clyster,Clister. that is not verie sharpe, as that is which is made of the decoction of beetes, mallowes and mercurie. You must altogeather abstaine from purging medicines, least that the humours should be drawen downwarde, for the same cause also, he must eschue those things which haue vertue to prouoke vrine.The summe of the cure To conclude you must altogeather labour and studie to minister those medicines which can voide and emptie the aboundaunce, and draw vpward, and so turne the humours from the priuie members. And if the euill endure long, fasten cupping glasses with scarification. And if there be fulnes apply horse leaches. But you must laie vpon the loynes, those thinges which doe euidently coole, as is, nightshade, purslane, henbane, and singreene. Also you must of necessitie annoint the yarde, and the space between the fundament and the yard, with some iuice or water of herbes that doe coole gentlie. If a cerote made of fine oyle of roses, washed often in colde water be applyed as well to the yard, as also to the loynes, it doth notably well. The making of this cerote which is called ceratum liquidum, is taugh of Galen. lib. 1. de simplicium medicamentorum facultate. cap. 6.Ceratum. Also this cerote is good. ℞. white wax washed tennetimes in colde water. quar. j. purslane. ʒ.ij. commix them togeather & bring them into the forme of a cerote. To be short, applie, and also minister in drincke those medines which can extinguish and quench seede: of the which we will speake aboundantlie in the next chapter. Moreouer it is hurtfull for him to rest, lying vpright, but he must lie on his side. He must altogeather be kept from sightes and stories, and rehearsing of those thinges, which pertaine vnto lecherie. If this disease chaunce of a vaporous and windie spirite or ayre engendred in the hollow sinow, all your whole cure must be turned to the dispersing and dissoluing of it. Therefore you must turn backe to the chapters of curing of inflammation, and windines of the stomach, and to the cure of the windie cholicke: for there you shall find plentie of remeadies.

CAP. L. Of shedding of sperme. DE SEMINIS PROFLVVIO.

GONORRHAEA in Greeke, seminis proflunium in Latine, [...]. it is excretion and shedding of seede or sperme against the patientes will, and without sicknes of the yard.Causae. It is caused through imbecillitie and weakenes of the retentiue vertue in the vessels, conteining the sperme: or through some other disease, that moueth the partes of the vessels of sperme, after that sort, as the expulsiue vertue doth, according to nature: as in the falling sicknes it chaunceth sometime, and in other violent conuulsions & crampes. Also sometime it is caused through fluxe of the spermaticke vessels. The seede that shedeth out, is waterie thinne without [...] petite of carnall copulation: and for the most parte without feeling of it, but sometime it commeth out with certaine pleasure. They that haue this disease,Signa. their whole bodie corrupteth by litle and litle, and waxeth leane speciallie about the loynes. And [...] followeth much weakenes, not for the multitude of seede, but for the principallitie [...]. And if it come out (the yard not standing) there followeth imbecillitie and [...] the retentiue vertue in the spermaticke vessels. But if it commeth out (the yard [...] the griefe is somewhat like a conuulsion, or crampe. This disease chaunceth not [...] men, but also to women, and in women it is hard to cure. The cure of this disease is [...] with those cures that are ministred in euerie fluxe. First therefore you must keepe [...] sicke in quietnes with litle meate, and with drincking of water. Then also you must [...]uer the places about the share and priuities, and the loynes with woll wet in oyle of rose [...] in wine, or in oyle of blossomes of apples, or of quinces. Also sponges wet in in Posca applyed are not hurtfull. The daies following you must vse cataplasmes, emplaisters, and ointmentes, made of vine braunches, quinces, acatia hypocischis, sumach, and such like afore [Page 142] rehearsed. Also he must vse restrictiue incessions made of the decoctions of bryer, plaintaine, mirtles and such other like. These thinges must be sodden in austere and sharpe wine, or also in water. Let him vse meates which are harde to corrupt, and that are difficultie chaunged, and that haue power to drie vp. Also you must giue him with his meates and drincke, the seede of Agnus castus, and of hempe, specially rosted. Also the seede and leaues of rew, the seede and stalke of lettuce, and the roote of water lillies. In drincke minister daiely, in steed of common water, the water wherein yron hath often be quenched. To be shorte he must eschue the vsing of sharpe thinges, and drincking of much wine, and eating of pottage, and all his whole diet must be appointed of such things, as doe drie vp and restraine.To extinguish seede. And you must minister such medicines, as doe extinguish and quench seede, as is, tutsan seede tosted and rubbed, also the leaues and floures of it are said to restraine lecherie, not onely when they are eaten, but also when they are taken in drinck, or strewed vnder one. Purslane eaten, and lettuce seede drouncke, and the roote & seede of waterlillies taken in meate, doe extinguish the seede by cooling of it. But rew eaten corrupteth and destroyeth the seede with his heate. They which eate calamint continuallie, doe loose the power of generation, and likewise the seede of white violettes doth the same. But smithes water, in which yron is often quenched, being continually droncke, doth diminish the seede without any griefe. Moreouer of these simples before rehearsed, you may compound and make diuerse remeadies. And specially this pouder is good. ℞. of the pouders of diacuminum, Tri [...]. diacalaminthes. ana. ʒ.j.ss. seede of tutsan & rew. ana. ʒ.j. calamint. ʒ.ij. seede of luttuse and purslane. ana. ʒ.j. sugre, the weight of them all: commixe them togeather and make a fine pouder, whereof minister. ʒ.j. or ʒ.j.ss. infused in soure wine.Lami [...] P [...]ubea. Also it is counted notable, to lay a plate of leade vpon the loynes, for it is wont to coole much. To those which cannot suffer the hardnes of leade, you must giue counsel, that they strew vnder them some of the aforesaide herbes dried: for the which purpose aboue other thinges, vine leaues, rew, calamint, and roses are praised: for these profit, and besides that they hurt not the reynes. For vehement colde thinges being applyed to the loynes, doe hurte the reines. Also let not his bed be softe, and let him lie for the most part vpon his side, eschuing vpright lying, least thereby the arteries of the loynes should wax hot. After that the disease hath dured a while, you must commit the sicke to exercises, whereby the whole bodie, and specially the diseased partes, may be confirmed and strengthened. Also it shall be good, if nothing else doe let it, to vse colde bathing and washinges, which is wont to driue away all the griefe engendred of fluxe: and that specially if the water be indewed with any medicinable qualitie. Also it is good at certaine times to vse those thinges that doe rubifie and blister, and that can fetch out from the depth and bottom, vnto the top of the skinne. Moreouer the patient must exclude all thought belonging to carnall copulation.

CAP. LI. Of the losse of carnall copulation. DE IIS QVI RE VENEREA VTI NON POSSVNT.

THEY which be maried, and cannot vse the act of generation, because of the sluggish impotencie and weakenes of their members:Causae. comming of a colde distempure wherewith they be vexed, or of some other cause: such ough to exercise the neather partes, and to vse meates that doe heate and engender good humours: [...] as is the flesh of hennes, capons, partrich, feasauntes, yong [...] of mountaines, and specially sparrowes, cockes stones and such like. Not [...] good nourishing meates, but also windy meates are good for him, as be chiche [...] [...]eanes, scalions, leekes, the roote and seede of persneppes, pine nuttus, sweete [...], rape rootes and such other like. Also the egges of partriches doe stirre vp car [...] lust. Let the patient sleepe in a soft bedde, and let him reade thinges that doe stirre vp lust,Curatio. or let him heare them read. Let his priuie members be continually chafed and rubbed with oyles, ointmentes and other heating medicines. For which purpose vse this ointment [Page 143] following. ℞. oyle of lillies. ℥.j.ss. oyle of castoreum. ℥.ss. pepper, nigella, pellitorie. ana. ℈.j. mirrhe. ʒ.ss. Euphorbium. gran. iij. wax as much as is sufficient, and make an oyntment.Vnguentum. And also he must vse medicines, which doe engender plentie of sperme, and can heate. Among simple medicines, these that follow doe chieflie stirre vp carnall lust, as be rocket, mustard seede, gardein cresses, nettleseede, roote of Aron, and pepper, satyrion, orminum, Simples to prouoke carnall lust. annyse, squill, orchis, called also testiculus canis, whose greatest round roote druncke with milke doth prouoke stiffenes of the yearde, but the the lesse roote thereof droncke with water doeth slake the stiffenes thereof, also fennell and dill are good. The stones of a fox dried, beaten to pouder and droncke, doth cause a stiffenes of the member: not hurtefull nor vaine. Also the partes of scinces which embrace the reynes, are druncke to raise a stiffenes of the yarde. Moreouer burne the drie pissell of an harte and minister. ℥.j. of it with pure wine. Among compoundes it is good to vse this medicine. ℞. Dianthos, Antidotum liquidum. plirisarcoticon, diagalangae. ana. ʒ.iij. diasatyrion. ʒ.vj. pine nuttes, sweete almondes, pistax. ana. ʒ.ij. satyrium. ʒ.j. roote of Aron. ℈.j. seedes of rocket, nettles, and gardein cresses. ana. ʒ.j.ss. scincus. ʒ.ss. nux indica. ʒ.j. of long pepper and ginger. ana. ʒ.j.ss. pouder of hartes pissle. ℈.j. syrupe of mintes, and sugar as much as is sufficient, and make an electuarie: where of minister before supper or fasting the quantitie of one drachme, or two alone, or in good wine.

CAP. LII. Of bursting or ruptures. DE RAMICE.

CELE in Greeke, ramex and hernia in Latine, the barbarous writers call it rupura. It is caused diuerse wayes, and thereupon it hath diuerse names. [...]. [...]up [...]ura. For if the Peritonaeum doth breake, and the bowelles fall downe into the coddes, it is called in Latine, ram [...]x intestinorum: that is,Ramex intest [...]norum. the rupture of the bowelles. But when the bowelles doe cleaue or staie aboue the priuie members, it is called in Lataine ramex inguinis: that is, the rupture aboue the priuie members.Ramex inguinis. Ramex aqnosus. Ramex carnosus. And if any quiet and waterie humour be gathered in any parte of the filmes, or skinnes of the coddes, it is called in latine, ramex aqnosus: that is waterie rupture. When there groweth harde flesh, within the coates and tunicles of the stones, it is called in Lataine ramex carnosus, that is a fleshie rupture. To be short, the kindes of ruptures euer take their names of the thinges that doe fill vp the coddes. As if the call or filme that lappes in the bowelles, doe fall downe into the coddes, it is called in Latine ramex ormenti: that is the rupture of the filme.Ramex ormenti. Ramex ormē ti intestinique. Ramex varicosus. Causae. And if the bowelles doe slippe downe also with it, it is called in Latine ramex ormenti & intestini: that is the rupture of the filme and the bowelles. So when the veynes which nourish the stones be spread abroade, and swollen out of measure on heapes, it is called ramex varicosus: that is the rupture of the swollen veines. The rupture of the bowelles, and of the partes aboue the priuie members, are caused either because the Peritonaeum, is stretched out more then it ought to be, or because it is broaken. Both these doe chaunce through some violent occasion going before, as a stroke, or leaping or crying, or by taking vp of a great weight. A waterie rupture is caused sometime of a secret cause, and sometime of a manifest cause. Of a secret cause [...] the vesselles that are ioyned togeather be increased in the coddes, and then a [...] mixed with blood is driuen downe to those partes, and resteth there. Of a [...] cause, as when through some blowe or stroke, the vesselles breake and slide down [...] [...] then blood flowing downe thither to nourish them, it is chaunged into a waterie and [...] substance. A fleshie rupture is ingendred of a secret cause, as through the stone [...] without a fluxe and waxing harde, or of a stripe, or by ill curing after the cutting of a rupture. The causes of the other ruptures are euident by their descriptions. The signes, both of the rupture of the bowelles, and the rupture about the priuie members are commō.Signa. For there is a manifest swelling in the coddes, or about the priuie members, which appeareth greater, then it did before in exercises, iourneis, holding of the breath and such like occasions: [Page 144] being thrusted togeather, it goeth backe againe slowly, and it rouleth downe againe quickly. The particular signes whereby ruptures that come, when the Peritonaum is but stretched out, be these: that the bowelles fall downe not for a long time togeather, but for a short space, and for verie litle cause, the swelling appeareth equall and deepe, the bowelles that fall downe being stayed with the peritonaeum. The proper signes of a rupture that commeth when the peritonaeum is broken are, that the bowelles fall downe vniuersally from the beginning of the rupture, and that onely through violent causes: the swelling is of a wonderfull greatnes, inequall, and it sheweth streight way sticking out in the skinne, because the bowelles are fallen out of the peritoraum. The common signes of a waterie rupture be these: swelling that is without paine, and firme, and permanent in the coddes, not vanishing by noe occasion, but in them that haue but a litle of the humour, it giueth place, and in them that haue not so much of it, not so. And when there is a waterie humour in the coddes, the swelling shineth of the same colour: that the humour is, as like dregges or blood, or rubicund, or swarte. And when these signes appeare in both sides of the coddes, it betokeneth that there is a double rupture. There followeth after a fleshie rupture, hardnes, and a colour alwayes like vnto it. But if the swelling doe encrease into a hardnes or kernell, then there is nether colour nor sence, nor feeling. But if the humour be of a wicked nature,Cure of the ruptures of the bowelles and of the inguen. then pricking paine doth vex him. The rupture of the bowelles, and of the partes about the priuie members, be cured in this wise. You must lay the patient vpright and separate his legges, and then put vp the bowelles by little and little: and when they are put vp, you must keepe them vp with conuenient trusses, and ligamentes. But if the places adioyning to the coddes, or to the place about the priuie members, be grieued with inflammation and most grieuous paines, and that there come with it frettinges and windines, and so thereby the bowelles be made disobedient to goe vp againe, then you must vse and apply fomentes, lynementes and bathes, which haue vertue to mollifie and to cease paine and inflammation, and to disperse windines: as those thinges be which be made of mallowes, chammomill, dill, lineseede, fenugreeke, caraway seede, annyseseede, comin and such like. Also nourish the places that be vexed with paine, with woll that is moist, dipped in wine and oyle. When the bowelles are put vp againe into their places, you must goe about, that they may be kept vp still, with conuenient trusses and bandes: apapplying to it first,Ceratum. restrictiue or glutinatiue cerotes, or emplaisters, as this is. ℞. ship pitch, masticke. ana. ʒ.iij. franckensence. ʒ.ij. hypocischis, sarcocoll, acatia. ana. ʒ.j.ss. lapis hamatitis, dragons blood. ana. ʒ.ij. bole armoniacke rootes of comforie, gales, pomegranate rindes. ana. ʒ.iij. missle of the oke. ʒ.j.ss. of either Aristolochia. ʒ.ij. sumache, pomegranade floures. ana. ʒ.j. goates tallow. ʒ.ij. turpentine and wax as much as is sufficient: dissolue the gummes first in vinegre or wine, and make a cerote, and put it in a weathers skin, and apply it binding it fast, and doe not loose it before the seuenth day. Also in the mean season [...] the sicke tarie thirtie daies in his bed,Diet. and let him abstaine from windie meates, [...] much drincking of wine, from vehement mouing, running, leaping, crying loude [...] other like. And in the meane season let him drincke this decoction. ℞. both the kindes of sanicula, of solidago saracenica, or consolida sar acenica, ophio glossum, pedelion, agrimonie,A gluminati [...] decoction. Pr [...]ella. [...]laria. ana. M.j. knotgrasse, clematis daphnoides, great plantaine, burnet. ana. M.ss. [...] of comfrey, houndes tongue. ana. ʒ.ss. roote of the sixt kinde of geranium. ʒ. [...] mirtles. ʒ.iij. pomegranate floures. ʒ.ij. leaues of laurell. ʒ.j.ss. boyle these in [...] water of iust quantitie till the thirde parte be consumed. Then straine it and [...] to it sugre, make the liquor of the decoction sweete, and purifie it, and make a [...]potion, whereof minister dayly in the morning. ℥.iiij. Also you must take verie [...] [...]ead, that the bellie wax not costiue: for if he be constreined to labour much, when [...]uld goe to the stoole, the bowelles will slide downe againe. Also he must vse apt [...]onuenient deligatures and trusses, as be admonished before. And he must vse them speciallie,To cure a waterie rupture. at such time as occasion and necessitie of mouing requireth it. A waterie rupture must be cured by such medicines, as doe heate and drie vp, as be beane meale, laurell, bearies, lineseede, dancus, althaea, nigella, and such other like, which we haue rehearsed in the chapter of the dropsie Asciles, and other dropsies. To conclude: as for the cure of these [Page 145] ruptures, or anie other by surgerie, let it be sought out of Paulus Aegineta. libro sexto, chapter sixtietwo, where he treateath of it aboundantly: for it is not our intent to treate thereof in these bookes: therefore we will proceede to the diseases of the wombe.

CAP. LIII. Of stopping of menstruis. DE SVPPRESSIS MENSIBVS.

THE menstruis of women are suppressed and stopped in them either naturally or against nature.Causae. In whom the floures are naturally stopped. If they be naturally stopped you shall knowe it chieflye by this: because the woman thereby is vexed with noe griefe of the whole bodie, nor yet of the wombe. Also you shall haue a respecte to the age, for in manie the floures beginne to flowe the fourtenth yeare, and in verie fewe before the thirtenth or twelfth yeare. And to most women they burst out after the fourtenth yeare. For the most parte, the purging endureth for two or three dayes, to many fiue dayes, in some it endureth vnto the seuenth daie. The menstruis also doe stoppe in some the fiftie yeare, or the fiftie fiue yeare, and they flowe not vntill the sixtie yeare, but in fewe women. Also barraine women and dauncers, are not naturally purged: for whatsoeuer excrement is in them, it is consumed by the vehemencie of exercises. And to be shorte, women of a hote temperature, that be wilde, and doe vse stronge exercises, they purge out little or nothing. But many times the menstruis are wont to be suppressed and stopped against nature,In whom the floures are s [...]pped against nature. either through ouer much grossenes, or slendernes. For fat folke are more without blood, then other folke, and they haue lesse and streighter veynes, and that little blood which is in them, turneth almost in fat. But they that are leane and slender which be wasted with some continuall sicknes, they haue no superfluous bloud in them. Moreouer the mestruis doe not flowe in them, whose bloud is either grosse or clammie, or if it be sent to some other parte of the bodie, and purged out, as for example, if it goe out at the nose, or at the fundament. Also in some that haue cast out much bloud from the breast, the menstruis are stopped, and in some, because much bloude hath gone out of a veine being cut. Also other kindes of emptyinges hath often done the same thing, as aboundaunt sweating, continuall vomiting, fluxes of the bellie: and all kindes of pustules and wheales which budde out of the skinne. Besides the causes nowe rehearsed, oftentimes the menstruis are withholden through great and sharpe sickenesses, and through aboundaunce or scarcitie of foode. For of little foode, that little doeth expirate and breath out streight, and of much foode the passages are stopped, and the excretion and voiding out of the menstruis is preuented and letted. And for those causes the menstruis are specially suppressed & stopped, the whole bodie being euill affected. Also they are in like manner withholden and stopped, when the wombe it selfe is afflicted with a particular disease or vice: which thing chaunceth to the wombe sometime through hote or colde distempure of the same. Also many times the purgation of the menstruis is letted through hardenes engendred in the mouth of the matryce, or through some excrescence and growing vppe of a peece of fleshe, or also through aboundant fatnesse. Also to some by and by in the beginning, certaine filmes or thinne skinnes engender about the necke or entrie of the matrice. To other some the scarres of vlcers, which haue bene before in the wombe, haue stopped the mouthes of the vesselles, which caried bloud into the wombe. To some after the aborsion of the wombe, (the mouth of it being exulcerate, and afterwarde healed and brought to a scarre) there commeth conioyning & compaction of it, which besides that, it letteth all other transpirations of the wombe, it also stoppeth the excretion and voiding out of bloud. Moreouer stubburne carefulnes, immoderate feare and great sorrowe doe stoppe the menstruis. There followeth suppression and stopping of the menstruis, heauines of the whole bodie,Signa. desire to vomite, abhorring of meate, and certaine terrible discursions, such as chaunce to those that haue conceiued. Moreouer, there be paynes about the loynes, thighes, [Page 146] necke, the hinder parte of the eyes, and the foreparte of the heade. Also there followe continuall feauers, and blackish vrines, with certaine red attre, and filth in them, euen like as one shoulde mixe soote with the water wherein newe killed fleshe hath lately bene washed. Also to many either the vrine doeth come forth difficultly or else it is stopped altogeather. The diuersitie of causes is knowen partely by the disposition of the whole bodie,Cold distemper and partely also and for the most parte, by the telling of the patient. Women may knowe a colde distempure in them selues, by these signes specially, because they be more sleepie and slower to all kinde of mouing, and whiter of colour, and as it were of a leadie colour. Moreouer their vrine is waterie and such like signes appeare, which are often rehearsed before.Hot distemper The tokens of a hote distempure are cleane contrarie to these signes of a colde distempure before rehearsed. Signes of fulnes besides those that may be gathered out of the former chapters,Plenitudo. are wonte specially to be these: that women, that are vexed therewith, are greeued most in the time of the menstruis, and they feele vehement paine, about the loynes and the priuie members, and their veines are swolne vppe verie great.Curatio. Cure of a cold distemper. The cure is diuerse according to the diuersitie of causes. For if a colde distempure of the liuer or wombe doe stoppe the flowing of mestruis, it must be cured driuen awaie with contraries: that is, with meate and medicines that doe heate. Therefore you must give vnto them hote meates, and wine that it yellowe, odoriferous and olde. Also you must prescribe to them exercises and you must minister other thinges which can helpe the bodie. Aboue other these thinges that followe are good, peniroiall, tyme, calamint, sotherwood, diptaine, roote of yreos, casia, gladon, asarum, and saueyne: of which you may make decoctions and fomentes. Also you must minister vnto them fasting, after a bathe, pure wine hote. Also the meete and conuenient times to take these medicines be, first, if the patient drincke straight waye, when the time of purgation is at hande: secondarilie, if he drincke straight after a bathe, fomentation, or annoynting, that the medicine helping the bodie being yet hote and loose, may shewe his strength and effecte the more easilie and effectuallie. Women that be too hoate and vse much evercise haue no neede of curing:Cure of hote distemper. for it were better to the safegarde of their proper health, to prescribe them such a dyet, whereby their bodies shoulde be so dryed, that the mestruis shoulde not neede to be purged: but this were against conception: for they doe not conceiue which be not purged. Therefore for conceptions sake, and for because that almost all women keepe an vndiscreete dyet, purgations be necessarie. Therefore it is good also to adioyne the cure, whereby the menstruis, that are stopped through hote distempure, may be brought out. Women therefore, that be hote, and vse many exercises, must chieflie be made moyster by moyste meates and drinckes taken in good quantitie, as be soupinges of ptysans, and of Alica, and meates that are made of lambes fleshe, kiddes fleshe, and fishes that be tender, birdes of mountaynes, milcke. Let their potherbes be luttuse and gourdes, and their fruict, newe figges. They must vse whyte wine, that is not verie olde, and let it be alaied. Also bathes of sweete water are good, and to conclude, the diet ascribed to them that haue the feauer Ethicke,Cure of fulnes. is to be prescribed to these. If the menstruis be withholden and stopped by reason of the fulnes that vexeth the woman, and if nothing else doe let it, you must beginne the cure with letting of blood. And you must cut the veynes of the anckles or of the hammes: and that not before the accustomed time of the menstruis. Neither will it be vnprofitable, if cupping glasses be fastened to the legges. The blood being emptied, minister potions, which can prouoke menstruis, and apply fomentacions, bathes, and annointinges of other thinges, which we will describe hereafter. But if there be no fulnes, but only grosse & flegmaticke humours do stoppe the flowing of the menstruis:Cure of vici [...] humours. First you must minister medicines which can cut & deuide the aforesaide humours, and preparate them, and make them easier to be expelled and purged out:Decoction. as is this decoction. ℞. the rootes of gladon, yreos, parcely and sperage. ana. ℥.j. of the seedes of apium, fennell, bruscus, annyse, daucus, ammi, & nettles. ana. ʒ.j. calamint, wormwood. ana. M.ss. origan, sothernwood, mugwort, peniroiall, asarū. ana. M.j. Isope. M.j.ss. chosen cynnamon. ʒ.j. seeth all these in a conuenient quantity of water, vntil the third part be consumed: then streine it & make the [Page 147] licour of that decoction sweete with sugre, and clarifie it with the white of an egge, putting into it of the syrupes of calamint, of hysope, and of horehounde. ana. ℥.j.ss. and make a potion, whereof minister daiely in the morning the weight of ℥.iiij. When that decoction is droncke vppe, minister some purging medicine: as is, hierapicra, Purgatio. diaphaenicon, and electuarium nidum, pilles of agaricke, of benedicta, or such like.Exercise. After purging the patient must vse exercises, and frictions of the neather partes, and specially walkinges. Moreouer apply fomentations, and bathinges made of chammomill,Fomentes. Vnguen [...]. motherworte, myntes, and other thinges rehearsed in the decoction abouesaide. Also annoint the patient with this oyntment. ℞ of the oyles of lillyes, and rew. ana. ℥.j. mootherworte with the thinne leaues, penyroiall, calamint. ana. ℈.j. roote of yreos. ℈.ij. Isope, origan. ana. ℈.iij. with waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment. After this, for the cause abouesayde, minister medicines, which can streight waie prouoke and bring forth the menstruis being stopped, such as these be: mirrhe, castoreum, To prouoke menstruis. laurell bearies, madder, pepper, sage, rewe, sauine, casia, and such other, which be rehearsed before of vs.A notable medicine. This medicine is not able good. ℞. castoreum. ℥.j. wild myntes beaten into pouder. ʒ.ss. olde wine, or mulsa. ℥.iiij. commixe them togeather, and minister it hote after a bathe. Also the decoction of penyroiall, mugworte, rewe, comin, daucus, sage, dill, ammeos, fennell, enula campana, and such like are good. Also calamint beaten into pouder, the weight of ʒ.ij. or sauyne, the weight of ʒ.j. droncke in wine or mulsa, is verie good. Moreouer trochiskes of myrrhe, do maruelouslie profitte. Also wine wherein wormewoode hath bene infused or sodden, must be droncke all the time of the cure. Also you must vse to put pessaries into the wombe, if that necessitie so require it, such as this is. ℞. of Triphera magna, that is without opium. ʒ.j. of the meale of ernum, nigella, mather, mugworte,Pessus. penyroyall. ana. ℈.j.ss. iuice of rewe. ℥.ij. commix them togeather and make a pessarie, and put it in with woll or cotton. Or this pessarie. ℞. mirrhe, bdellium, storax. ana. ʒ.j. calamint, sothernwood,A [...]us. & wormewood. ana. ʒ.j.ss. rootes of gladon and mather. ana. ʒ.j. seede of nigella, drie rew, laurell bearies. ana. ℈.ij. saueyne. ℈.j. castoreum. ℈.ss. beate all these to fine pouder, and commixe them with honie or Triphera, or mithridatum, and make pessaries to put into the womans priuities. Also you must cast into the wombe hote oyles, as is oyles of yreos, lillies, laurell and such like. Also it is good to vse suffumigations made of Storax, galbartum, franckensence,Su [...]ius. bdollium, the roote of Aristolochia, mugworte, cloues, cynnamon and such like. Examples whereof you shall finde in our booke of making of medicines. Moreouer the wombe must be euaporated, and fomented with odiferous thinges, as with maioram, sauorie, calamint, chammomill, penyroiall, mugworte, roote of yreos and such like sodden in a potte, which you must couer with a couering that hath a hole bored through it, wherein you must put a reede or some other pipe, and you must annoint it rounde about aloft, that the woman sitting thereon, may be fomented with it. Also it will profit, if the woman sit in this decoction vp to the nauell, and after receiue the pessaries before rehearsed.Cure of fatte women. Fat women must be cured with a dyet that can extenuate, and with swifte exercises, and with other medicines which can make the bodie slender and leane: as be continuall deiection and solution of the bellie▪ oyntmentes that haue vertue to euaporate and breath out, and such like, which be aboundantly intreated of by Galen lib. 14. ther. meth. cap. 15. & lib. 6. de tuenda sanitate. Those which are not purged of their menstruis, through leanes of the bodie, whether it chaunce through sicknes, or any other meanes, you must first recreate,Cure of leane women. and refresh them, and restore the flesh of their bodies by a conuenient diet, and by other medicines, which Galen rehearsed in the places aforesaide. And if they wexe fleshie, there is good hope, that the menstruis will burst out by their owne accorde, which if they doe not come forth alone, then you shall prouoke them by potions, fomentes, and other medicines aboue rehearsed. If the menstruis doe not flowe, because of some disease and vice of the wombe, first you must cure the euill, that is cause of the stopping of the menstruis:Cure if it be of vice of the wombe. and after that, we must proceede to the prouocation and purging of the menstruis. The cure of the disease of the wombe, must be sought out of their proper places.

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CAP. LIIII. Of flowing of menstruis. DE REDVNDANTIBVS MENSIBVS.

WE say, that menstruis doe redound and ouerflow in women, when that great plentie of them do flow out longer, then the accustomed time of their purgation. There is no iust or certaine time of their purgation. For to most women they flow ij. or iij. dayes to many v. dayes, and to some seuen dayes. The mē struis do chaunce to flow out of measure,Causae. through great or small vessels opened wide, or broken. Also immoderate purgations do engender in womē, somtime through grieuous trauaile in childbirth, which also do cease oftentimes of themselues. Oftentimes after aborsion, they labour of a vehement aborsion, and fluxe of menstruis, and sometime it bringeth them into a daungerous perill.Signa. If the greather vessels be broken or open, the bloud floweth out gusshing on heapes: but if the lesser be open, it floweth out by litle and little, and not in great quantitie. If it be caused through eating or gnawing, it doth not onely flow by little and litle, but also it floweth with verie great paine. Moreouer when the menstruis flowe immoderatly, there followe a filthie colour, the feete are puffed vp with a light swelling, the strength of the bodie is decaied, both the digestion and appetite of meate is corrupted. And in all pointes such signes, as are wont to follow immoderate voyding of bloud, either by the hemorhoides, or by any other fluxe of blood doe follow in this disease.Curatio. First therefore in the beginning of the cure, you must bind the places betweene the ioyntes, and the extreeme partes of the bodie with bandes, beginning at the arme holles and the shares. Also you must fasten great cupping glasses lightly vnder the pappes, as Hipocrates teacheth. 5. Aph. 50. Also they must vse meates and drinckes, that be sharpe and restrictiue, as is ryce and such like: and let the sicke rather eate rosted meates, then sodden. And specially such fleshe, as is of nature able to drie vp, as be birdes that liue in mountaines, and wilde beastes. They must abstaine from mouing, and winde, and wine, and in steede of it they must vse some restrictiue potion, or posca, not colde but warme. Moreouer you must minister restrictiue medicines in drincke, as these simples be following. ℞. pomegranate flowers, hipocischis, acatia, corall,To refraine menstruis. Lycium, terra le [...]nia, galles, knotgrasse, both the Consolidaes, the stone haematites, shelles of maste, plantaine, barberies and such like. Compounde medicines be these following, as syrupes of roses, mirtelles, trochiskes, of ambre, and of terra lemnia. Also these pilles following are maruelous good, to stoppe and restraine the menstruis. ℞. terra lemnia, Ca [...]p [...]ia. bole armoniacke, franckensence, masticke, galles. ana. ℈.ij. dragons blood, the stone haematites. ana. ℈.j. hartes tongue burnt. ʒ.j. hypocischis, acatia, red, corall. ana. ʒ.ss. pomegranate flowers, red roses. ana. ℈.ij. Ambre. ℈.j. commixe them with syrupe of mirtles, and make pilles wherof minister the weight of one drachme or. ʒ.ss. Also foment the place outwardly, with the oyles of roses, mirtles, quinces, and sharpe wine. And apply ointmentes, emplaisters, and cerotes, and restrictiue Epithemes, whereof you shall find many before in the chapters of the fluxes, Dysenteria, Diarrhea, and Lienter [...]a. Also incissions made of the decoctions of the aforesaide medicines be good.Insessus. Also you must vse such medicines, as are cast into the wombe with an instrument. For the which purpose iuice of plantaine is maruelouslie commended, wherewith Galen sayth, in foure dayes, he stopped a fluxe of the wombe, that could be stopped with no other medicine. The quantitie that must be throwne in, shoulde be the measure of one cyath. Of the same effect be the iuices of knotgrasse, or nightshade, or hypocischis, or atatia, or such like cast in. Also the vsing of Pessaries is not to be dispised: among which this is specially praised. ℞. of franckensense, pomegranate flowers,Pessulus. and galles. ana. ʒ.j. of gumme arahicke, acatia, ambre, hartes horne burnt. ana. ʒ.ij. bole armoniacke. ℈.ij. beate all these to sine pouder, and mixe it with woll dipped in oyle of roses, and put it into the wombe.

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CAP. LV. Of womans fluxe. DE FLVORE MVLIEBRI.

VTERI fluor, in Latine, fluxe of the matrice in English, is a continuall distillation, and flowing out for a long time, of the whole bodie, purging it selfe. That which is voided out, doth represent such forme and colour,Causae. as the humour that doth abound in the bodie. For some is red, as blood putrified, or attre: some white, which commeth of fleume, some is pale, which signifieth choler: and some is waterie which is, of a wheyeish matter. And if pure blood come forth, as in the cutting of a veine, you must take good heede, that some erosion and gnawing be not engendred in the wombe. By these signes following the fluxe is knowen.Signa. The places are continually moyst with the humours, being diuerse in colourse. The patient is ill coloured, she sauoureth no meate but abhorreth it, in walking shee breatheth difficultly her eyes be swollen, sometime with paine, and sometime without paine, or with exulceration or without it, and either with an inflammation, that is with the vlcer, or else it is filthie or pure. The diuersitie of causes you may knowe by the colour of that that floweth furth as is aforesaide. And if a woman be vexed with a red fluxe, in the beginning,Cure of the red fluxe. if age and other things will suffer it, you must come to letting of blood. For many incommodities would follow, if you should first goe about to represse and stoppe the rage and violence of the blood that floweth, as the dropsie, vice of the sinowes, or of the mouth of the stomach, or of the head. You may part the times of your blood letting, as you doe in them, that spit blood, so that thereby the auersion and turning away of the blood may be the longer a litle. You must cut a veine in the arme. After this you must binde the extreeme partes of the bodie with bandes, and you must vse and apply all such thinges, as can turne the fluxe of the humour another waie. Therefore all those remeadies that be rehearsed of vs in the former chapters be good. Let her whole diet be restrictiue, and such as doth engender grossenes and thicknes. Let her drincke be water,Victus ratio. or if shee be weake wine that is grosse and restrictiue. But if the fluxe that is white or wheyish doe vex a woman,Cure of a [...] that is [...] and arterie. it may not be stopped at the beginning, that euill humours may be purged out of the bodie. Nor also, it is not against reason, seeing that, that which is flowed out, is engendred of fleume, if you do minister a medicine to her, which doth purge fleume. And you must minister, and apply to the whole bodie, medicines and remeadies which doe drive vp, seeing that the disease it selfe is moyst. Therefore exercises specially of the vpper partes, and frictions are good. Also they must eate flesh which hath vertue in it to drie, as byrdes of the mountaines, and wilde beastes. Also in the beginning of the euill, such medycines may be ministred, as doe extenuate grosse humours, and after that doe bring them out with the vrine, as be asarum, fennell, apium, and such like, often rehearsed before. The beginning being past, you must apply to the wombe thinges that be moderately restrictiue, as be oyles of rooses and quinces, and other rehearsed in the former chapter. Also you must vse abstersiue and scouring medicines, least that vlceration be made with the humour that floweth, wherefore the wheyishe humour must continually be washed with hot water. After the scouring and cleansing of the filth, you must annoint oyle of roses, or of quinces or of mirtles. Likewise, when a woman is diseased with pale fluxe,Cure of a pale and cholerick fluxe. it may not be stopped at the beginning, but the bodie must be purged with a medicine that purgeth choler. Then you must studie howe to pull backe, and turne away the humour, and you must vse other restrictiue medicines, not neglecting abstersiue and scouring thinges, whereof you shall haue speciall neede, because of the sharpenes of the humour. Moreouer to conclude, when the fluxe ceaseth, they must long abstaine from swifte goinges and walkinges, from much frictions and rubbinges of the bellie and the loynes, also from eating of sharpe thinges, from thinges that heat, and from such thinges as do prouoke vrine.

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CAP. LVI. Of strangling of the wombe. DE VTERI SVFFOCATIONE.

SVFFOCATION or strangling of the wombe, is nothing else, but a drawing backe of it vp to the vpper partes. It is caused through stretching out of it, which is engendred of fulnes,Causae. that followeth after the retention and stopping of menstruis. For in women the wombe, when it is retched and stretched out, it runneth not to an other place like a wandring beast but is drawen backe through the extention. Also it chaunceth oftentimes, through the seede that is restreined. Also many times it chaunceth through cold, which happened to the wombe, at the time that the purgation of the menstruis is ministred. Also sometime it cōmeth through some hard aborsion, or when as any hath hasted to stop sodainely a fluxe of blood flowing from the wombe.Signa. They that are vexed with this disease, when the fit is nigh, there followeth heauies of minde, slownes, weaknes of the legges, palenes of face, and a sorowfull countenaunce. But when the suffocation and strangling is now present there followeth dispositiō to sleepe, doting, a withholding of the instruments of the sences, the voice doth wax domb, & the legges are drawen vp togeather. The pulses are small and weake. Also oftentimes they are altogeather stopped. Also in many the breath that should come out at the mouth & nosethrils, is stopped altogither, & yet that which is in the arteries, doth remaine stil. Whē the euill doth cease, the bals of the cheekes begin to wax red, and the eyes be lifted vp and opened. Also a certaine humiditie and moistnes, that one may by feeling perceiue to runne out of the wombe of women, & the bowels do make a noise: and also the wombe it selfe is a litle loosened, & so their mind, sences, and mouing commeth to them againe. This disease commeth by courses at certaine times as the falling sicknes doth: & that chaunceth whē the matrice (as is aforsaid) is filled with seed, or with some other mater that putrifieth & rotteth, in it. When the wombe it selfe is diseased with the quantitie & qualitie of any thing then mēstruis, or seede, or other kinde of symptomates are engendred. If that which is able to coole the whole body, do cause this disease, he body is so vehemētly cooled, that both breathing & arteries beating, cānot be perceiued by the sences. Which humor, if it be either grosse or sharp, it causeth cōuulsions & cramps: but if it haue the nature of the melancholie, it causeth sorrow & sadnes, & defection of the minde, refrigeration, & paine of the stomach. This kind of disease engendreth in all seasons▪ but specially in winter & Autumne, & most commonly yong folke, and such as be prone to leacherie, & barren, specially if they be made so by medicines be most taken with this disease. Many doe recouer from this disease, & many againe doe perishe sodainely in the very fit, or at the least way within fewe houres after. That which chaunceth, when the pulses be swifte and inordinate, and then doe leaue of and vanish cleane awaie. At the last a colde humour in litle quantitie doeth bedewe and moisture the skinne alofte. In the fittes therefore you must binde the extreame partes,C [...]ratio. How to doe in fit. and besides the bindinges, you must rubbe all the legges, and the hole bodie, and do euen as you would recouer one that is founded. And you must. place the sicke with her necke and shoulders, bending, and rising vpwarde, and with her thighes and share leaning downewarde. You must apply to her nosethrilles, stincking thinges, as the snuffe of a candle newly put out, feathers specially of partriches, burnte, or wooll burnte, or sooles of showes, or shales of garlicke, or onions: also heares burnt, and specially if they be the heares of the sicke, or gotes horne burnt. Also pitch melted vpon the coales, galbanum or castoreum, or such like. Also you may hold a chambre vessell with olde vrine to their nose, or olde linnen cloathes dipped in brimstone and burned. And you must perfume the priuities beneath with odiferous thinges, as be storox, wood of Aloes, cinnamon, cloues, and such like. And it is good to fasten cupping glasses with much flame, and lightly to the partes aboue the priuie members; and to the bottom of the bellie. As sone as the fit doeth come, you must apply fomentes, and little bagges warmed, to the bottom of the bellie and share,Sa [...]li. for you shall scarcely finde a more present remeadie in the comming of the fit of this [Page 151] disease. And you shall make them of both the moother wortes, and with origan, betonie, chammomill, calamint, wormewood,, penyroyall, lineseede, louageseede and such like. And if the fit be prolonged, you must also ad to, such things as are good to dissolue & bring out windinesse: whereof you shall find examples and names out of the Chapters of windinesse of the stomach, and paine of the collicke. Also then, you must poure into the womb, both ointments and oyles, that be verie odoriferous, as is, oyles of spike, and yreos, and such like. Also let a midwife dippe her fingers in these oyles, and then put them into the mouth of the matrice, rubbing it, long and easilie, that through that prouoking, the grosse and clammy humour may be auoided out. Also let the woman be raised with loud callings, and call her loude by her proper name. Also at this time, you must minister those thinges that cause sneezing, as be pepper, castoreum, struthium, and such like. There be some that think it good to vse incessions made of the decoction of laurell beries, and leaues, peniroyall, calamint, motherwort, horehound, saueine, althaea, cammomill, serpillum, yreos, aristolochia, and fenugreeke. But in the time of the incessions, wee may not omit the cure of the braine, but you must irrigate and sprinkle the head, with oyle of roses and vinegre. But I iudge, that you must rather vse foments and little bagges, then incessions, specially when as for the most part, although thou wouldest neuer so faine, thou canst not vse incessions in this euill. When the fit resteth and is ceased, compell the patient to vomite: for all vomites do lighten, but specially such as are vexed with meate. The third day after,VVhat must be d [...]ne [...] after the [...] you must applie cupping glasses with scarification to the loynes, and the ylions. After the seuenth day minister the purgation of hiera colocy [...]thide, or pilles of agarick, & by & by come to the drinking of castoreum, which being continually dronke, it deliuereth the patient straight way from this euill. Also you must minister euerie day thereof. ʒ.j. sometime with mulsa, sometime with the decoction of motherwort, and sometime minister it with thinne wine. Therefore at this time, rather then in the time of the fit (as is said) it is lawfull for you to vse incessions, and pessaries, that do mollifie, made of goose grease, storax, masticke, gumme armoniacke, and such like. Also the wombe must be perfumed beneath with such thinges as do heate, and haue vertue to bring out wind.Trochiskes of parfume. Therfore vse this parfume specially. ℞. of the Trochiskes of gallia and alipta moschana. ana. ʒ.j.ss. storax. ʒ.iij. cloues, maces. ana. ʒ.j. wood of aloes. ℈.ij. cinnamon chosen, leaues of laurell. ana. ʒ.ij. lapdanum. ℥.ij.ss. beate them into powder, and commix them with storax liquida, and make trochiskes for perfumes. In the meane season, let the woman be content with a verie little meate and drinke, and let all their diet be exciccatorie and drying vp. This cure following is to be vsed in the fittes of this disease.Diet, Cure [...]f the whole bodie. In restoring and recreating the whole bodie, specially if that the disease hath endured long, you must begin oftentimes with bloud letting: specially if the menstruis haue ben stopped, and letted of their purging. Then you must come to purging with hierapicra. The purging being done, you must fasten on cupping glasses lightly, but with much flame, and you must drawe them of violently. Also sometime the places may be scarified, and strew vpon the scarification, salt, then you must heale it with conuenient medicines. Also you may apply verie well Synapismes, and dropaces made of Euphorbium, pellitorie, pepper, and mustard seede. Also a good diet doth help much, as deambulations in the morning, gestacions,Diet. and caryinges in a cart or in a ship, or on a beast, be good. Also, after they be moued with carying about, crying out loude, distinct and apt reading is conuenient. Also annointing and frictions vsed nowe and then are good. Bathes of sweete water are seeldome to be admitted, and not, but because it should scoure and cleanse the filth. It is verie good to vse naturall bath [...], which flowe by nature, and this, as it were, the verie last refuge. Aboue others those bathes are good, which be in Badenia in the base Germanie in Marchia.

CAP. LVII. Of falling out of the wombe. D [...] VTERI PROCIDENTIA.

[Page 152] WE say, that the matrice falleth out, when it is so turned downward, that it stic [...]eth out outwardly. And yet the whole matrice rowleth not down, being losened from the bands & ligaments, as many vnwise folk do think, for if it should fall down so, it could not be restored againe. Although the wōb do fall out but seldome, yet there be many causes of the falling out of it. For a woman falling from an high place,Causae. if she fall on her haunches, the pannicles and filmes, that holde vp the womb, and the members adioyning do breake and cause this disease. Also it chaunceth manie times that in a sore trauell of child birth, the womb falleth out because of the drawing out of the secundine, which, the womb that ioyneth to it doth follow. Also many times it chaunceth through negligent and vnskilfull drawing out of the child, specially if it be dead. Moreouer it chaunceth somtime through a stripe, or lifting vp of a great weight, or through vehement perturbation of the mind, as death of children, or comming of enemies, or thorough perillous sayling, or through some such like cause, all the bodie being lousened, the womb falleth out. Also sometime this euill chaunceth (all the whole being loosened) thorough resolution or weakenesse of the pannicles and muscles, which thing chaunceth specially to them that be olde. Oftentimes the womb falleth out, through the flowing downe of an humour much in quantitie and clammie. It falleth out most commonly by the mouth of it,Signa. and that which falleth out, is like to the egges of an ostrich, differing only in that, that it is bigger, or lesse in quantitie. There is no neede of manie signes, because the diuersitie of causes may partly be knowen by the constitution and state of the bodie, and partly also by the telling of the sicke, and them that be with them dayly: when this disease is but newly begunne,Curatio. you must endeuour to put vp the wombe againe, and to restore him into his owne place, for in the beginning it will be obedient to be put vp readily, and being in his owne place, it will tarie so still, specially if age agree vnto it. For in them that are well stricken in age, the wombe being put vp againe, it slideth out againe through euery light cause. It is good therefore, if there be hard dong in the right gut, to bringe it out with a clyster. Likewise if vrine be gathered in the bladder, let it be brought out with a cyring, that the matrice may be at free libertie on ech side. For otherwise it chaunceth by their stretching out, that the matrice, which is in the middest betweene them, is pressed togither, and pent in a straite place, and so when he is fallen out, they let it and stop it, that it can not be put vp againe into his owne place. When you haue thus done, you must lay the sicke vpright, so that her haunches may lie highest, her hammes bowed, and her legges spreade abrode: then you must bath and nourish aboundantly that part of the matrice which is fallen out, with warm oyle, or butter, or mallowes sodden, or with the decoction of althaea, fenugreeke, lineseede, or such like: and you must prepare wooll together on a heape, in figure and thicknesse, according to the proportion of the member, and wind it about aloft with a fine and pure linnen cloth: then dip it in the iuices of Acatia or of hypo [...]ischis infused in wine, and put it into the womb, and you shall wrest and writh vpward all that which is fallen downe by little & little, and without violence, vntill the matrice be put vp into his owne proper place. Outwardly you must couer the partes about the priuie members with a sponge wroong out of Posca. The woman shall ly with her legges stretched out and ioyned together, that the one may leane vpon the other. But it is more safegard, to bind the feete together, bringing the band vp to the knees. But if that part of the matrice which is fallen out, be swollen through continuance of time, and be stuffed vp with plentie of humours, so that the swelling do let the putting vp of it, you shall nourish it with decoction of beetes, & then you must clense it & wash it with vinegre, & strewe in it, salt finely poudred, & when it leaueth swelling then put it vp, as is aforesaid. Then fastē cupping glasses with much flame to the nauel, & both the ilions or small guttes: and apply continually to the nose odoriferous thinges. The third day (the woll being as yet still in the womb) let the woman sit in blacke soure wine a litle warmed, or in the decoction of mirtles, bramble leaues, pomegranate rindes and such like. This being done let her lye vpright againe with her haunches highest, then take the former woll out, and put in such another in the steade of the first, dipped in the same medicine. Also apply cataplasmes and emplaisters outwardly to the bottome of the bellie, made of dates, pomegranate rindes, lentilles and such like. Also Cerotes that are made of masticke, wood [Page 153] of aloes, lapdanum, frankensence, squinant, acorus, nutmegs, gumme tragacanthe, and such like, are good to be applied. But let these things be changed euerie third day, vntil the cure be ended perfectly. Also during the whole time of the cure, let the woman eschew mouing, and such things as prouoke sneezing. And the womb must be perfumed beneath with stinking thinges, but to the nose you must applie most odoriferous thinges, for because the matrice flieth from stinking thinges, and it followeth and embraceth odoriferous thinges.V [...]ctus ratio. Let her meates be such as ingender good iuyce, and giue her odoriferous wines. Also the bellie must be made soft & soluble, lest if she should go to the stoole difficultly, the matrice shold also fall out againe. But yet you must take good heede, that the belly be not to much loosened, for then the parts adioyning are loosened, & so the matrice will fall out againe. Moreouer if that part of the womb which is fallen out, hath through continuance of time by negligence bene putrified and rotten, and through continuall wetting of it with vrine, and filthinesse sticking in it, it be exulcerated: you must cut of and seare that which is vnprofitable, or burne it without any feare of daunger: for it hath bene knowne (as Paulus testifieth) that the whole matrice, because it was rotted; hath bene taken away, and the woman lyued still.

CAP. LVIII. Of the mole in the matrice. DE MOLA.

MOLA in Latine, is called of Aetius and Paulus, a swellinge that is hardened, sometime in the mouth and entrie of the matrice, and somtime it sticketh out in all the matrice, & in feeling it is almost like a stone. Galen in li. 14. ther met. defineth Mola to be a peece of flesh without shape. This disease is caused of womans seede, & much menstruous bloud flowing into the matrice,Causae. & there kept, retayned and stopped, which immoderate heate doth ioyne together, and chaungeth it into the forme and fashion of flesh. There followeth this euill, a hard swelling, with contraction and drawing vp of the sides, slendernesse of the bodie, euill colour, losse of appetite,Signa. and suppression of the menstruis. Also in this euill the pappes do swell, so that at the first it causeth some to suspect that the woman is conceaued with child, but in processe of time it may be discerned. For paine followeth the Mola, causing pricking, neither is there any mouing perceaued in this disease, as is in conception. Many of them do make a suspection of the dropsie, but yet there is a difference betweene them two: because the swelling is hard, and doth not giue place to the thrusting of the hand or finger, as the dropsie doth, nor maketh a noise as the timpanie doth. But yet often in processe of time, the liuer is cooled and the dropsie ingendreth. This euill for the most part is incurable, except remedies be applied in the beginning. But howsoeuer it chaunceth, the cure may not be neglected,Curatio. but you must apply and minister all things that seeme to be good for it. But first of all you must giue her meates that ingender good iuyce, and let her vse moderate drinking of wine. Let not the woman vse vehement mouing, for that will cause the fluxe to the disease, but let her vse gestations, and caryings, and deambulations and bathes, & in her lying let her feete be highest In the meane season if fulnesse be present, you must cut a veine of the arme, and then you must purge her by pilulae foetidae. When the bodie is purged and emptied, applie cataplasms, foments, incessions, pessaries, ointments and cerotes, which haue vertue and power to dissolue, and loosen, as they be that are made of Althaea, mallowes, cammomill, melilot, fenugreeke, lineseede, and such like. For this purpose also it is good to apply vnguentum dialthaea or emplastrum diachylon simplex, Vnguentum. or apply this ointment. ℞. of the oyle of sweete almondes. ʒ.iij. oyle of lillies. ʒ.ij.ss. goose greace & hennes greace. ana. ʒ.j.ss. musculage of lineseede and fenugreeke. ana. ʒ.j. of the gummes ammoniacum, & bdellium. ana. ʒ.ij. roote of althaea, nigella seedes, and daucus. ana. ℈.ij. dissolue the guumes in wine, and with wax as much as is sufficient, make an ointment. Also you must put in Pessaries made with butter,Poss [...]. swines greace, hartes marrow, reisons, fat figges, lineseede and fenugreke. After this you must minister such medicines, as can prouoke menstruis: for which purpose besides those thinges [Page 154] that we rehearsed in the Chapter of stopping of menstruis, this medicine is good. ℞. the pouders of diacinnamonum, diagalanga, diacuminum. ana. ʒ.ss. pouder of diamber. ℈.j. powder of dialacha. ℈.ss. Cinnamon chosen,Mors [...]li. S. Iohns wort, calamus aromaticus, asarum, roote of gladon, anise seede. ana. ℈.j. seed of rewe, ginger, motherwort, horehound, dictemus, sage, ana. ℈.ss. suger dissolued in the waters of motherwort, and S. Iohns wort, as much as is sufficient, and make lozenges, whereof minister dayly the weight of two or three. ʒ. Also it is good to put in this pessarie. ℞. of the roote of Asarum, gladon, and madder. ana. ʒ.ij. seede of rew,Possus. nigella. ana. ʒ.ss. maioram, nutmugs, cloues, laurellberies. ana. ʒ.j. saueine. ℈.j. castoreum, [...]phorbium. ana. ℈.ss. pouder them and searce them that haue neede, and with turpentine make a Pessarie. To conclude, you must vse medicins that can dissolue and losen congealed bloud: for so there will follow excretion, and voiding out of much blacke bloud and clodded. Also it profiteth maruelouslie to the takinge away of this disease, specially if the euill hath continued long, to vse naturall bathes, and such as ingender by them selues, which haue vertue to dissolue and discusse. Moreouer many other remedies rehearsed in the Chapters of the dropsie, may be vsed in this.

CAP. LIX. Of inflammation of the wombe. DE INFLAMMATIONE VTERI.

THE womb is inflamed through manie causes. As through a stripe or retentiō, and stopping of menstruis,Causae. also by oborsion, exulceration, vnmeasurable lecherie, sitting on a verie hard stole, verie long and swift deambulation & walking. Also oftentimes it chaunceth through cold, prohibiting and letting the transpiration and breathing out. The companions to inflammation of the matrice be these:Signa. an acute feuer, paine of the head, the share, the loynes, and the rootes of the eyes. Conulsion and cramp of the armes, the fingers, and the necke, and declining of them contrarie. Also paine of the stomach, and shutting vp of the mouth of the matrice, and pulses that be small and often. If the inflammation be feeble and small, the aforesaid signes wil not be great and strong, and the wombe will be vexed with greater paine. But if the inflammation be vehement, then all the whole wombe is vexed with a panting paine, and all the signes will be the more vehement. If all the wombe be inflamed, it will be painefull all ouer, but if some part of it be vexed with an inflammation, then the paine is greatest in that part. For if the hinder parts of it be vexed with inflāmation, the paine will afflict the loynes most, and hard dong is withholden and stopped, because then the right gut is pressed together verie much. If the former part be inflamed, then there is paine about the priuities, and the strangury or difficulty in pissing is ingendred, because the bladder is pressed togither. If the sides of it be enflamed, the parts about the priuie members are stretched out, and the legs are grieued, and difficultly, moued. When inflammation afflicteth the mouth of the matrice, there is paine in the Abdomen, and if you put in your finger, you shall feele the mouth hard, vnpleasant,Curatio. shut vp, and burning hote. In the beginning therfore of the cure, if neither age, nor state of the bodie, nor time of the yeare do let it, you must cut the veine of the hammes or of the ankles, (if the inflammation came not after aborsion or great voiding of bloud.) Afterward you shall place the sicke in a dark house, which is moderately warme, biddinge her to be quiet, and prohibiting all mouing from her legges. Then you must rub the space betweene the ioyntes, and also the extreame partes, that you may turne away the course of the fluxe from the wombe.Diet, For her meate which must bee little in quantitie, you must vse Ptysan broth and rere egs: but there must be a day betweene: she must abstaine from drinking of wine, and for that, she must vse the decoction of Cinnamon, or hote water. Also the bellie if it be not soluble enough of it selfe, must be washed and emptied by easie and mollifying clysters.Localia. Outwardly you must applie vppon the loynes, and about the share woll wet in vinegre, wherein roses hath bene sodden. Also dates or quinces sodden in wine, & commixed with oyle of roses, is good to be applied. Also you must apply Cataplasmes made [Page 155] with the meale of lineseede, fenugreke, and with melilot, plantaine, lentilles, knotgrasse, purslaine, singrene, and such like: and that specially if the inflammation be of the nature of an crysipela. Moreouer you must put into the matrice, woll moistened with oyle of roses, or quinces, or in the iuyce of purslaine, or singrene. When the inflammation beginneth to decline & cease, you must come to the vsing of those things, which haue vertue to release, dissolue and discusse. Therefore you shall bid the pacient sit vp to the loynes, in fenugreeke sodden, or in the decoction of althaea, lineseede, mallowes, and sometime also motherwort, horehound, and sage. Also you shall annoint about the priuities, and the loynes, barley meale with fenugreeke and lineseede sodden in mulsa, or the decoction of drie figges. Also put in pessaries made of butter, harts marrow, goose grease, hennes greace, and such like. When the cure hath proceeded, sundrie meates and light will be much profitable. And when the declination of it, is manifest, bring the sicke to bathes, and giue her wine that is waterie and thine.

CAP. LX. Of windinesse in the wombe. DE INFLATI0NE VTERI.

THE wombe is puffed vp through colde, or humours corrupt in it,Causae. or through aborsion, or sore trauell in child birth, the dore of it being shut, or a clod of bloud being in it & stopping it. Oftentimes the windinesse ingendreth in the hollow bought and space of it, sometime in the bosome of it, which is euidēt to the senses, & sometime in the thinner parts of the sustbance of the womb,Signa. not appearing to the senses. There followeth this euill, swelling of the bottome of the bellie, with hardnesse and paine that pricketh, which goeth vp to the midriffe and the stomach: and yet neuerthelesse it is stretched out on both sides, sometime to the share, & somtime the paine is in the loynes, & at the nauell, to whom also the head agreeth. Also many times wind breaketh out of the priuities that the sicke may feele it. If therefore windinesse be gathered in the hollownesse of the matrice, there is hard a certaine rombling and noise in the bodie, such as chaunceth to the guttes, which are vexed with gripings, also if you beate your fingers of it, it maketh a noise like a timpanie. But when the windinesse is contained in the thinne and slender passages of the matrice, then they are vexed with more vehement paine, and harder to cure. This euill is cured first, if age, the region,Curatio. and time of the yeare do not let it, by bloud letting, fasting, and purging, with hierapicra Galeni: which being done, you must vse foments, and annointings with oyle of rewe, or with oile wherin dill hath bene sodden. Also let her vse incessions made of the decoction of rewe, peniroyall, calaminr, horehound, motherwort, althaea, and such like. Also apply cataplasmes made of the seedes apium, fennell, caraway, commin, louage, daucus, anise, fitches or darnell meale and such like. Also you must poure into the wombe such things as haue power to loosen & dissolue windinesse: as is, oile of rewe, ammeos, origan, and the decoction of thinges before rehearsed. And if windinesse be included and stopped through the meanes of a clodde of bloud, after the vsing of the aforesaid things, and specially incessions: Let the midwife put her finger being first annointed, into the womans priuities, and dissolue, and bring foorth the clod easily and by little and little. And if the euill hath continued long, you must come to more effectuous remedies. Therefore you must vse linimentes, emplaisters, and cerotes that be stronger as this is. ℞. sothernwood, origan,Cera [...]um. and calamint. ana. ʒ.ij. seede of tutsan. ℈.ij. of centorie the lesse. ʒ.j. Caraway seedes, a [...]mi. ana. ʒ.ss. casia. ℈.j. bdellium, ammoniacke. ana. j.ss. oyle of rewe and dill. ana. ℥.j. with wax and turpentine as much as is sufficient, make a Cerote and applie it to the wombe. Also sometime you must proceede to the vse of Synapismes and Dropaces. Also cupping glasses maye be fastened to the places lightly in a circuite, and must be pulled away violently, for these do help as it were a charme. Also somtime scarificatiō must be made: & you must vse such things altogether, as haue poer to draw out, & call forth frō the bottō to the top. Also,Diet. for her diet you must minister food that doth attenuate and dissolue windinesse, and minister medicines also that haue the same vertue, as diamson, and diacuminum, and diacalaminthes, and such like.

[Page 156]

CAP. LXI. Of exulceration of the wombe. DE VTERI EXVLCERATIONE.

Causae. THE matrice sometime is exulcerate, because of hard child birth, or drawinge out of the child, or through corrupting of the matrice, or through sharp medicines or fluxes, or through imposthumes or botches broken. They that haue this disease do feele a prickinge paine in the aggrieued part:Signa. and at certaine times stinking and atterie humours are sent out from the filthy vlcer. And other signes proper to the diseases of the wombe do followe, as headach, and specially of the forepart of the head, of the great sinewes in the necke, and of the rootes of the eyes, is felte paine, which also extendeth vnto the fingers endes, and other tokens declared before in the chapter of inflāmation of it. Therfore if the vlcer may be seene, it may be knowen by an instrument called specillum oriculariū: but if it be deep within & hidden, those things which come from it will declare it: for a diuerse humour is sent forth. If the vlcer be enflamed, the humour is little in quantitie, bloudy or dredgie with great paine. If the vlcer be foule and filthie, the humour commeth out in more aboundance, and is matter with lesse griefe. If the vlcer doeth eate and feede,Curatio. the humour is stinking, blacke, and with vehement paine. For the Cure, when the bile, or vlcer is enflamed, you must vse bloud letting and other medicines that are good against inflammation, as is afore taught. In other causes you must vse purging medicines, specially if the bodie doth abound with vitious and corrupt humours. Also applye such medicines, as doe represse and stop the flowing of humours, and correct their hote distempure, as is, the iuyces or waters of purslaine, plantaine, bursa pastoris, and such like before rehearsed. Then, if the vlcer be filthy, you must vse scouring and cleansing medicines, as is, Ptysan with hony, and mulsa, with the decoction of the roote of Ireos, aristolochia, wormewood, or agrimonie. Those vlcers which do eate and feede, must, be washed with mares milke or Asses milke newly milked, you must mixe with the milke, hony, and roote of yreos. These thinges, is the vlcers may be seene, may be annointed: but if they be deepe within, cast them in with an instrument called metrenchita. When the vlcers be well purged and cleansed, you must vse such thinges, as will close them vp: first gentle things:Cera [...]. and then those that be of a more effect. The Cerote of Aetius doth especially please me, which is this. ℞. of white waxe. ℥.j. of fine oyle of roses. ℥.iij. and melt them together vpon the coales, and when it is cooled, then put it into a morter, & put therinto womans milke, or Asses milke, or goates milke newly milked, and worke them together with a pestle, vntill it be white, then poure out the aforesaid milke, and put in new milk, and then work them againe, and then put to it about. ℈.j. of saffron. And if thou wouldest haue it to mitigate paine more, ad to it oyle of roses. ℥.ij. the greace and marrow of a goose. ana. ℥.ss. Also you may put to oyle of quinces, in steede of oyle of roses. You must apply this Cerote to the belly and the haunches. For the vertue of it is sent into the wombe by secrete and hidden passages. Also you may cast into the matrice of that faculty: as be, the decoctiō of pomegranate rindes, roses, quinces, bremble, mirtles, sumache, acatia, hypocischis, with restrictiue wine. To this place you may transferre and bring medicines out of the former Bookes, and out of the chapters of vlcers of the reines, the bladder, and the yard.

CAP. LXII. Of straitnesse of the matrice. DE PHINOSI VTERI.

[...]. PHINOSIS in greeke, obturatio, or coarctatio vteri in Latin, it is a stopping or streightening in the mouth or necke of the matrice, whereby those places are made so streight, that it will not admit nor suffer any seede: or if they do receaue it, they cannot hold it, for because of their knobby hardnesse, it can not shut together. Sometime it receaueth seede, and it is kept and retained in [Page 157] streight mouth of the wombe, & thereof is a child conceaued, but the conception bringeth occasion of death to the woman: seing, because of the great straightnesse of the places, it can not be brought foorth. This disease is caused in the mouth of the matrice,Causae. either of exulceration going before, or of an inflammation there hardened. There is no neede of signes to know this disease by: for by the telling of the sicke, & by touching of it,Signa. you may easilie know it. The cure of it must be wrought with fomentacions, that can release, dissolue, & mollifie. Also with cataplasmes and incessions, that be of like power and vertue.Curatio. Therefore you must apply foments made of the decoction of fenugreeke, and hydrelaeon. Also you must vse pessaries, that can mollifie and dissolue, as that is which is made of aesipum, that is, oyle tried out of woll in sheepes flanks or necks, salt peter, and turpentine. To be short, to the cure of this disease you must vse mollifying medicines, as is mallowes, althaea nigella, fenugreeke, lineseede, ammoniake, bdellium, rozin, greace, and such l [...]ke, of the which you may make cerotes, emplaisters, & all kind of outward medicines. And if the euill be waxed old, you must vse suffumigations, and euaporations made of aromatique things. And when the places do seeme to be softer to the feeling, then you must put a drie sponge, that hath a cord hanged at it, into the streight place, to the intent to make it wider: which if it fall out, you must put in another that is thicker. Therfore you must haue many and sundry drie sponges readie. Afterward you must annoint vpon the sponges that you will put in, some medicine made of alome, & claterium, mixed with hony, that thereby the place may be made wider. And if, after the sponges be taken away, the place do not seeme open & wide enough, and inflammation be present through the eating & gnawing of the medicines that were applied, then annoint vpon the sponge, that you will put in, this ointment.Vnguentum. ℞. oile of ireos. ℥.j. of fine turpentine. ʒ.ij. of goose greace. ʒ.j. roote of ireos & frankensensence. ana. ʒ.ss. wax as much as is sufficient, & make an ointment. But if the inflammation be vehement, take oile of roses, or violets in stede of oile of yreos. When the inflāmation is ceased & the place is open, anoint vpon a sponge a cerote made of oile of roses & goose greace, & vse that vntill it be healed, making the place a little sounder: but yet you must alwayes put in sponges vntill the end of the cure, lest that the mouth of the wombe do gather together againe.

CAP. LXIII. To take away barainnesse. DE STERILITATE REMOVENDA.

STERILITAS in Latin, barennes in English.Causae. It is caused of the womans part or of the mans part. It is of the mans part, when his seede is either hote, & as it were burned, or else cold, thinne, waterie and feeble, as is the seede of old and feeble men: or when it is sent foorth thicker then it ought to be: or because the men be halfe geldinges, & haue a very short yard, so that they can not cast their seede into the innermost place of the matrice, which also sometime chaunceth through much fatnesse: for fat men haue such great bellies, that they cannot cast the seede into the deepest partes of the bodie. Also women of their part can not conceaue, that haue their matrice either hote and fiery, or cold and moist, or foule, filthy & drie. For (as Hippocrates faith) 5. Apho. 62. the seede is corrupted or quenched in such. Also women that be very grosse and fat, do not conceaue (as Hippocrates witnesseth. 5. Apho. 46. Moreouer women that be leane & slender do not conceaue, or if they do conceaue, they do suffer aborsion straight way, which also Hyppocrates witnesseth. 5. Apho. 44. Also some do not conceaue, because their wombe is weake or straight or short: or because the vessels of it be stopped or shut vp, or blinded and couered by reason of a scarre, or because the necke of the womb is drawn crooked, or because the mouth of the matrice is to streight or to wide open. Also vnwilling carnall copulation for the most part is vaine and barren: for loue causeth conception, and therefore louing women do conceaue often. Also age to great, or to little, doeth let conception. Therefore you must separate them that be young from carnall copulation, so that the man may be 30. yeares old, and the woman 18. But specially an vncomly [Page 158] & foolish shape and forme of the womans bodie, doth giue an occasion to barennes. For a woman, that is fertile, ought to haue a moderate stature & height of the body, breadth of the loynes and the share, buttocks sticking out, a handsome & conuenient greatnesse of the belly, a streight breast and large pappes. The signes whereby the diuersitie of causes be known be these.Signa. Hote dist [...]pure The hote distempure of a man, is easily known by the abundance of haires, specially blacke haires vpon the genitalles, and the places adioyning, from aboue vnto the midde thighes. Also this distemperature is lasciuious and readie to carnall lust, but it is soone satiate and filled.Cold temperature. A temperament that is to cold, is declared by the partes being about the stones being bald and without haire. Also they that be of this temperature, be not desirous and prone to carnall lust. Heate of the matrice is known by the heate in the rest of the body, & because fewe menstruis are sent out and that with paine, so that sometime the womans priuities are exulcerate with it, & that which is sent out, is blackish▪ Also there followeth this temperature, an instinction or tickling to lecherie, and drinesse of the whole bodie. A temperature of the matrice, which is cold, is known by suppression & stopping of the menstruis, and by astonishment engendred in the loines, the legs, & the parts about the priuities. Also they that haue this temperament, doe despise vse of carnall lust, and haue the mouth of the matrice drawen togither. If through to much moistnesse, barennesse be ingendred, then in the act of generation, they are verie much bedewed with moistnesse and the menstruis floweth much in quantitie and thinne. Drinesse is knowen by the contrarie signes to moistnesse. The rest of the causes may be knowen partly by sight, and partly by the telling of the partie, or other about her. For the cure commonly to both, as well the man as the woman:Cure of both to men and womā commo [...]. It is conuenient for them to keepe the whole bodie verie temperate, and to keepe a meane and measure in labouring, eating, drinking, and bathing, and in all other exercises. Men therefore that haue their seede corrupted through naughty and euill kind of diet, if they vse a more ordinate diet and healthfull, their genitours will haue fecunditie and fertilitie. Let the woman neither wearie her selfe with to much labour, nor let her not be altogether idle: for idlenesse doeth fill and stuffe the whole bodie with superfluous humours, and excrementes: but great labour drieth vp the bloud, and consumeth the menstruis. Let her vse meates and drinkes easie of digestion, and such as the stomach may well comprehende and consume. And you must specially obserue in their order of good diet, that neither the man nor the woman be made fat. For they that be fatte, are vnapt to procreate and beget children, because their genitours can not touch together, and also because they send out little seede. Moreouer it is conuenient that you giue vnto such as desire to get children, some accustomed and pleasant thing to eat or drink before meate, which be most apt to prouoke carnall lust, & to ingender seede: as those be that do heate measurably, & puffe vp with wind. Therfore wine in this case measurably drunk, is to be preferred afore water. For as the prouerb is sine Cerere & Baccho friget Venus. (that is) If you haue not bread & wine: carnal lust wil coole & pine. For potherbs they must vse rocket, orminiū, it is an herb like vnto horehound, erisymo, & other such like which we haue rehearsed of them that cānot vse carnall copulatiō. Rew, calamint & mints must be eschewed altogether: for calamint & mints, although they ingender much sede, yet, that which they ingender, is feble & weake: but rewe doth altogether corrupt & destroy seede. If a woman do not conceaue through the vice and corruption of certaine humours,Cure of a woman full of corrupt humours. it is good to empty her with a purging medicine, & to amend her with a good diet. Particularly for womē, it is good for them to take as good heede as can be to those thinges that chance to the matrice, and that their menstruis may flowe without any, impediment. Therefore when the purgation of their menstruis is nigh at hand, let them keepe a measure in eating and drinking with all their dilgence. And let them take some of those thinges, that can prouoke and stirre vp the purgacion of the menmenstruis, as be herbes that be odoriferous and sharpe, as is, Cerefolium, fennell, apium, louage & such like, wherof you shall find plentie in the chapter of stopping of the menstruis. After the purging of the menstruis, both the right side and the left side of the matrice is open. If colde distempure doeth cause barennesse, you must correct and amende it by foments,Cure of a cold temperature of the wombe. Cataplasmes, and suffumigations, and other medicines that haue vertue to heate: as those be which are made of motherwort, poniroyall, sage, rewe, anise seede, commin, [Page 159] gladon and such like. Also it profiteth her to drinke Castoreum, and odoriferous seedes, comin, anise seede, and iuniper fruict, and other thinges that be rehearsed in the Chapter of stopping of menstruis.Cure of a hote distempure. You must amend and correct a hote distempure of the matrice causing barennesse, with such things as do coole & moisten: as these herbs be, letuse, mallowes, gourdes, puslaine, & orach with such like. Also she must drink wine that is thinne, white & alayed. Also it profiteth her to sleepe, and to bath in sweete water. Also you must applie to the loynes and about the priuities such thinges as do coole, as iuyce of nightshade mixed with oyle of roses, which also being laid vpon woll, may be put well into the matrice. They which do not conceaue through moistnesse of the matrice, it is good for them to vse a drier diet. Also they must exercise them selues much,Cure of a moist distempure. & they must be rubbed in the vpper part of the bodie. Also to thintent to purge out, and turne away humours, let them vomite sometime after dinner, and sometime fasting, and you must dry them with scarcity of meate, and let them eate flesh of middle aged beasts rosted, and giue them pure wine, that is mighty to drink, but giue it them seldome. Also it profiteth to apply restrictiue things to the matrice, as be roses, leaues of brier, galles, sumach, mirtles, knotgrasse, pomegranate rinds, and such like sodden. But you may not do this, vnlesse the whole bodie be first purged. A dry matrice must be cured by the contrarie to that which is aforesaid, as with bathes of sweete water,Cure of a drye distempure. Cure of grosse humours. annointings, & meates that do moisten, Let her vse wine that is alayed, being not very old. And if a womans conception be impedited and stopped through grosse humours, if they be gnawing it is good to purge the womā well with hierapicra in whey: & she must vse a more exquisit diet, & meats that do ingender good iuyce: but you must consume the fleugmatike humours with much labour, with sweating, vomiting or by purging by the nether parts: & all other things which be rehearsed in the chapter of stopping of menstruis, which it behoueth not to rehearse here particularly. Also windinesse ingendred in the womb,Cure of windinesse. doth let the fertility of conception, & causeth barennesse. Such women therefore as haue this, must first be amended with a straighter diet. Then you must minister both outwardly, & inwardly to them, such medicines as can dissolue, disperse, & consume windinesse, as is comin, rew, dill, seede of apium, & such like, which be rehearsed in the chapter of windinesse of the matrice, and in other places. If shutting vp of the matrice doth cause barennesse,Cure of a matrice shut vp. you shall open it by casting in of odoriferous clisters, and by vsing of foments, & incessions made of fenugreeke, lineseede, mallowes, & such like rehearsed in the chapter of straightnesse of the womb. And afterward you must proceede to stronger medicines, as motherwort, calamint, peniroyall, & maioram. They which haue the mouth of the matrice gaping much,Cure of an ap [...] matrice. it is good for them to vse a drying diet, and drying foments. And it is good also to vse restrictiue medicines, as be the decoction of galles, bremble rootes, mirtles, & such like rehearsed before in the cure of a moist distempur. Last of all, if crookednesse of the matrice do cause barennesse, you shal direct & make straight the matrice with mollifying foments: for foments can do that best:Cure of a writhed matrice. but yet you may conueniently put in mollifying pessaries. But specially the decoction of peniroyall, & motherwort, & castoreum drunk with posca, are wont to be good for a writhed matrice. Paulus saith, that then carnall lust vsed backward is good to conceaue. We here haue generally comprehended the cures, onely by other chapters. For the particular cure of ech cause, must be sought out his proper chapter.

CAP. LXIIII. Of sore trauaile in child birth. DE DIFFICVLTATE PARTVS.

SORE trauaile in child birth doth chance either through default of the parent,Difficilis partus. or of the child, or of the secundine, or through som outward cause. Of the parent if she be grose & fat & faint harted, & vnskilfull of paine, or if the whole matrice be small, or if there be inflammation of the whole womb, or of some part of it, or that it be vexed with some other diseases, or if she be naturally weake, so that she can not driue out the child: or if that she do labour before her time. Also if the neck of the mouth of the matrice be croked, or if there be som piece of flesh ingendred [Page 160] there, by reason of a bile or vlcer going before. But default of the childe is, if it be of an vnaccustomed greatnesse, or small and of a little weight, or if it hath a great head, or if it be monstrouse, as hauing two heades, or three feete, or if it be dead, and so doeth not labour to come foorth, or if it swell, or being aliue, if it be weake, so that it can not proceede foorth: or if they be two or mo, and do all rush sodainly togither into the necke of the matrice, or if the child be fashioned contrarie to nature. For the naturall forme of a child comming foorth is, first with his head, (his hands being stretched out vpon the thighes) & with his head declining to the neither parts, but straightly directed to the mouth of the matrice. the best forme in comming foorth, next vnto this, is, first with his feete, hauing the hands stretched vppon both the thighes, and so descending straight vp. All other formes in comming foorth, except these two, are contrarie and abhorring to nature. The trauaile is made difficile through the Secundine: if it be not pulled away, because of the grossnesse or thicknesse of it, or if it breake before it should do, because of the thinnesse of it. For then, the humoure that is gathered together in the matrice, is sent out before the conuenient time. Therfore the priuities be without moisture, and be drie at the time of the trauaile, when moystnesse were necessarie, which should make a slipperie, & easie, going out of the child, and so through drinesse, the childe slideth out hardly. Also difficultie in childe-birth is engendred of outward causes: as of colde, which thickeneth the matrice, and maketh the passages straighter, or through a great heate, which dissolueth and weakedeth the strength. But outwarde causes are knowen by the telling of the pacient, or of them that sitte by her. Weakenesse of the woman that laboureth,Signa. as fatnesse may be knowen by the state of the bodie. Also by diseases, that shee hath had before, you may readily come to the knowledge of weakenesse, and of many other euilles. Weakenesse of the childe is knowen by feeble and slowe mouing of it. Which if it be dead, it moueth not, and there is coldnesse of the belly, and great paine about the nauell. Also a stinking breath is breathed out, & a naughty colour of the face. Greatnesse of the childe may be coniectured by the constitution of the parentes bodie, and by greatnesse of the womans belly. Grossenesse and thickenesse of the secundine may be gathered & known thus: if none of the aforesaid signes be present, and the woman strong and lusty, and the child moueth quickly and easily. As for the cure, it varieth according to the diuersitie of causes.Cure of a fat woman. Therfore you must place a fat woman downward in a little bed, that is, hanging downwarde with her head, and her face toward the ground, bending & enclining her knees to her thighs, that the womb stretching to the Abdomen, may be right with his mouth. You must with your fingers annoint the mouth of the matrice, with butter, oile, ducks greace, hens greace, & such like, & you must spreade it abroad, & open it wider by little & little. You must comfort & incourage a fearefull woman. And if she be vnskilfull of paines in trauaile,Cure of a feare full woman. admonish her to hold and stop her breath strongly, and let her thrust it out to the ilions with all her might. If sore trauaile in childbirth be caused of adstriction, & binding, or astonishment, or, as it were, adarctation and pending in of the child, you must help it with dissoluing & releasing, by pouring in largely sweete wine & hote. Also the decoction of fenugreeke, or mallowes, or lineseede, or also egs are good, because they are of a losening & mollifying vertue. Afterward you must nourish the parts about the priuy mē bers, & the belly & loynes with the aforesaid decoction, or with some other losening & mollifying medicine. Also it profiteth to vse hote incessions & euaporations, & to haue the aire of the house enclining to heate. Also it is good to vse insusions & annointings, with oiles that be hote in touching & vertue, & cōueniēt cataplasmes be good. And if neither a feuer, nor any thing els do let it, she must vse releasing & dissoluing bathes, & you must moue her, with bearing her in a chaire, in an aire that is meanely hote. Many do vse to such violent shaking of the body. And if any woman be weake, and haue sore trauaile in childe birth thorough resolution of the bodie, you must comfort and refresh the bodie, with medicines that do thicken, and drawe togither, and with such meates and drinkes, as do recreate, restore, & ad strength to the bodie: as be incessions & sprinklings with mirtles, vine leaues, pomegranates, roses, smelling to vinegre, and annointinges with wine, mixt with cold oyle of roses. VVhen the infant is ouer great, you must apply those thinges which can make wider, stretch out, and loosen the mouth of the matrice. If sore trauaile doe chaunce thorough [Page 161] an innaturall forme of the child in comming foorth, you must bring him to a natural forme and figure, as much as is possible, partly by putting backe, partly by drawing to you, partly by turning, and partly by making it straight. And if the head or foote, be sent out first, you may not drawe out the childe taking holde by that member: but put your fingers to the shoulders or haunches of the childe, and thrust vp that againe, which is come forth into the conuenien place, if there be two or three, or mo children, and do thrust altogether into the necke of the matrice, you must driue backe the rest into the bottome of the wombe, and bring that out first, which seemeth to be most readie: but if it do not come foorth, because the infant is dead, or hath a very great head, or through some other cause, you must come to drawing out of the childe, or to cutting, which is taught aboundantly of Aetius, lib. 16. cap. 23. and of Paulus lib. 6. cap. 74. For it is not our purpose to teach handy cure heare. Moreouer if the tunicle or secundine of the childe be thicker and stronger, then that it may be broken, you must cut it. Those that haue the humour, which is contained in the tunicles or secundine, flowing and running out before the conuenient time, so that the places be dried vp, you shall wash it all about with whites of egges, with the decoction of mallowes, and fenugreeke strained, or with iuyce of Ptisan warmed. A medicine that doth vniuersally helpe all that haue sore trauell in child birth, is this that followeth. ℞. Cinnamon chosen.Puluis optimus. ʒ.ij. mirrhe, casia lignea. ana. ℈.j. white ambre. ʒ.j.ss. beate them together and make a fine pouder, wherof minister in wine that is odoriferous, the weight of one drachme. Moreouer the child being borne, oftentimes it chaunceth that the Secundine doeth sticke fast in the wombe, which if it chauceth, then sometime the mouth of the matrice is found open, and sometime shut, and the secundine manie times is still ioyned to the bottome of the womb, and many times it is separate. If therefore the mouth of the matrice be open, and the secundine which is left therin do cleaue to some part of the womb, being wound vp together like a ball, it may easily be drawne out.To draw out the secundine. You must drawe out the secundine with your lefte hand being warmed, and annointed with some fat thing, and put into the wombe. If the secundine be fastened and knit to the bottome of the womb, you shall likewise put in your hand, warmed and annointed with grease, and take hold of the secundine, and draw it out: but you may not drawe it straight foorth, lest the matrice come out with it: nor pull it verie vehemently, but softely and easilie, first pulling it crooked, bringing it this way and that way: then after that, you may draw it somewhat harder, for by this meanes you shall loosen it from the fastening. But if the mouth of the matrice be shut, you shall vse perfusions, & with the fingers of your left hand you shall labour to open it easily, and to make it wider by little and little. Which if you cannot bring to passe, it is good to apply about the priuities, fomentes, perfusions and ointmentes that can mollifie, dissolue and release. If she be strong, you must put into her nosthrilles at that time also sneezing powder, made of Castoreum, pepper and such like. For Hippocrates in 5. Apho. 49. writeth thus: that the secundine may come out, giue her sneezing powder, and let her stop her nose and mouth. Also you must minister vnto her, potions that can prouoke menstruis: which thinges aforesaid, you must do the first and second day. Moreouer she must vse suffumigations, seething in a pot, motherwort, yreos, saueine, peniroyall, calamint, dictamus and such like. Then put the pot vnder a close chayr, vpon the which let the woman sit, being compassed in round about with clothes. After that, if you finde the mouth of the matrice opened, put in your hand and labour to pull out the secundine, as is aforesayed, but if it will not obey to come foorth, you may not rent it, for within a fewe dayes after being rotten and tourned into atter, it will fall out. But because thorough the euill sauour and smell, when it is rotted, it filleth the head and marreth the stomach. They that are troubled with this euill, must be continuallie perfumed. For which purpose these thinges are good: Cardamonies, bdellium, with saueyne, frankensence, storax, lapdanum, wood of Aloës, and such like. Also a perfuming with [...]eate by a pipe, which is put into the mouth of the matrice, doeth profite maruelouslie. Also simples, such as prouoke menstruis, be good: as decoction of mootherwort, and laurell bereies, with vinum mulsum. Also make Pessaries of mirrhe and Cyclamminum commixed with oyle.

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CAP. LXV. Of the Sciatica. DE ISCHIADE.

[...]. ISCHIAS in Greeke, properly is called a most grieuous paine, which is wont to chaunce about the ioint, which the Greekes do call ischion, the Latines, Coxa, in English the huckle bone. The Latines call this disease Ischias, and they that are afflicted with this disease, are called Ischiadici. The barbarous sort call this disease, Sciatica, & they cal thē that be diseased with it Sciatici. It is caused through a grosse & flegmatike humour,Causae. which being cōgealed, abideth in the ioint of the huckle bones. Therfore continuall crudities and rawnesse, and vnmeasurable vsing of venerious acts do not a little help the ingendring of a Sciatica. Also sometime swift deambulations and walkings, and suppression or stopping of the hemmorhides, & custome of vomiting being omitted, & purgation of menstruis, or also other familiar, & accustomed emptyings being impedited & stopped, & neglecting of exercises. For ech of these do ingender abundance of flegmatike humours.Signa. There goeth before this euill somtime paine of the muscles that be nigh vnto it, and specially of the loynes, somtime the beginning is in the buckle bone it selfe. Also somtime it chanceth (that the paine of the huckle bone being takē away) there remaineth griefe only about the hammes: & to some about the ankles, but in some all the leg is equally vexed with paine. Also in many, there is paine about the priuy members, & then also the bladder being vexed, doth ingender difficulty in pissing: & then chiefly the whole legge,Curatio. from the haunches to the heeles suffereth paine. Let the cure be begunne with voiding and purging of the humour that doth afflict the patient. And if the bodie do equally abound with all humours, before all other remedies, cut a veine in the hāme, or the outward ankle, or also in the arme, on that side that is diseased. For sometime the Sciatica is cured in one day, by this emptying out of the legges. But if the bodie be stuffed with a fleugmatike and grosse humour, you must beginne the cure with purging of that humour. For the wich purpose, you must minister Clysters often, made after this sort, or in like maner. ℞. of Centorie,Clys [...]er. sage, Ʋerbasculi odorati, rewe, chamaepityos. ana. M.j. rootes of gladon. ℥.j. stechados. ʒ.iij. seedes of annise and fenuell. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. agaricke of the best. ʒ.ij. roote of polipodie. ʒ.v. seeth these in sufficient quantitie of water, vntill the thirde part. Then take of the licour of that decoction. ℥.xiij. of hierapicra. ℥.ss. of electuarium nidum maius. ʒ.ij. of oyle of lillies. ℥.ij. oyle of rewe. ℥.j. the yolkes of two egges, salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them all and make a Clyster. Also vomitings doth helpe them, that haue the Sciatica, much more then the purging downwarde by the bellie,Vomitus. for that doeth repell and put backe the humour downward sodenly. Therefore you must prouoke vomites in the beginning by and by after meate. But afterward you must minister vomiting medicines, beginning first with them that be easie. They that haue humours vehemently compact and thickened together, which can difficultly be dissolued and loosened, caused thorough Phisitions vsing sharpe medicines out of time,Cucurbita magna. such be holpen by fastenning on of a verie great cupping glasse with scarifications. But in the Sciatica, we do not vse such medicines as can represse and stoppe the fluxe. For seing the disease is placed in the bottome of the huckle bone, bloud is expelled from the veines and muscles that be nigh adioyning to it, and is sent thither. Therefore in the beginning of this disease, there is neede of medicines that can mittigate and asswage which neithr do coole much, nor that do heate vehemently. For as those thinges which do coole, do thrust the humours violently to the ankle bone: so those thinges that doe vehemently heate, do drawe more matter out of the members adioyning. Moreouer you may not come to the vsing of sharpe medicines, till after bloud letting or emptying by purgacions.VVhen sharp medicine may be vsed. For if anie man applie sharp medicines to the diseased member, before the bodie be emptied or purged, he shall make the disease harde to cure, because of a multitude of humours so thickened there, that they cannot be dissolued. For besides other things it is made grosse and viscous, and through the heate and drinesse of the sharp medicines, it suffereth as it were rosting, or burning. First therefore you must irrigate and sprinkle the aggrieued [Page 163] place with oyle of rew. After you must apply more effectuous medicines, which do heate and can draw humours from the bottom to the top, as be oleum nulpinum, oyle of pepper, oleum costinum, oyle of iuniper, vnguentum aragon, martiatum, and agrippa. Also sage, rew,Simples. laurell leaues, elder, roote of wallworte, peniroiall, sauine, opoponax, bdellium, ammomacum and such like. Of the which you may make fomentes, ointmentes, emplaisters & cerotes. But if the griefe be extreemely painefull, then vse this, which followeth, for it is most excellent against this euill. ℞. rosen of the pine tree lib. j.ss. Galbanum. ℥.v. melt them with a soft fier, and then streine it through a cloath,Emplaistrum. and put vnto it of the pouder of masticke. ℥.j. and then spread it warme vpon dogges leather, or lambes leather, and stricke it a good thicknes, and before you apply this plaister to the pained place annoint the place with this oyntment following. ℞. freshe hogges greace. ℥.j ss. and take sowes or monkes peason in number, twentie, and beat them both well in a morter, till they be well incorporate,Vnguentum. and therewith annoint the place and the plaister, and warme the plaister against the fire, till it be softe, and laie it to the agreeued place, and let it lie nine dayes. If there be heares vpon the place, you must shaue them of first, and roole it well, least it slippeth away, then euerie daie, morning and euening at ech time, let the patient take. ℥.j. of this electuarie. ℞. of the rootes of Acarus, or gladian, being made cleane. lib. j. stampe them verie small,Electuarium. (as possible you may doe) then take of clarified honie. lib. iij. and put in the rootes by litle and litle, euer stirring it: and when it is well sodden, put into it of cynnamome. ℥.j. made in verie fine pouder, which being well incorporate, keepe it to your vse, and at the ende of the nine dayes, if the paine be not cleane gone, lay to, the forenamed plaister, other nine dayes, vsing the same electuarie, and procure vomit, as before, euerie sixte or seuenth daie, for that doth greatly reuert the humour. But in the beginning of the griefe, apply to the aggrieued place againe and againe, sponges wet in the decoction of iuniper, or sage, or elder leaues. Afterward, vse this oyntment. ℞. of vnguentum martiaton. ʒ.iij. oyle of yreos, Aliud vnguē tu [...]. and lillies. ana. ℥.ss. iuice of rewe, and chamaepityos. ana. ʒ.ij. hony. ʒ.j.ss. sage, peniroiall, pepper. ana. ʒ.ss. pellitorie, stauesa [...]re. ana. ℈.j. wax as much as is sufficient, make and an ointment. Also the vsing of this cerote profiteth. ℞. oleum costinū, Cera [...]. & vulpinum. ana. ℥.ij.ss. oile of pepper. ℥.ss. opoponax, bdellium, storax. ana. ʒ.iij. roote of brionie, salte peter, leaues of elder. ana. ʒ.ij. aristolochia rotunda, rewe, ana. ʒ.j.ss. Euphorbium. ℈.j. dissolue the gummes in verie sharpe vinegre, and with turpentine and waxe, as much as is sufficient make a cerote. And if the euill doe remaine still, you must vse clisters, againe: and then fasten a verie great cupping glasse with much flame to the huckle bone, making good deepe gashes with scarification. And if that the disease be not ended so, you must vse againe purging vomites, and the other remeadies aforesaide, which being done, you must [...]ome to the vsing of Dropaces, and Synapismes, and so to the vse of burning medicines: amongest which, the roote of the hearbe called iberis, is not the worste, being newe, digged vp in sommer, and diligently braied, and mixed with a little olde swines greace, being laid and bounde to the ioint of the huckle bone, or to the whole shanke or legge. Also the leaues of it will doe the same thing. And being so applyed, let it lie not past two houres to women, but let it lie foure houres to men, if it be possible for them to suffer it: for it raiseth swelling with burning and rednes, as a Synapisme is wont to do. Afterward bring the sicke into a bath, in the which, when he hath swet a little, bid him sit downe in the vessell, because of the byting heate, and compell him to suffer it strongly. For in the beginning, it is wont to bring byting and gnawing with burning heate, then bring him out: from which alwayes almost (as Aetius witnesseth) although they be caried in of other, they will goe out alone vppon their feete. After the bathing, commixe much oyle with a verie litle wine, and shake them togeather, & annoint it: then wipe of the humour with a sharp cloath, and couer the legge it selfe with verie softe wooll. And truely (this being done) it hath bene wonte to neede no other remeadie for the cure. But if sometime it chaunce any part, or remembraunce of the euill to be left still, within a few daies after, you may vse againe the same remeadie. And certaine dayes after, you may lay on the cerote, which is a little before discribed. Moreouer, among burning and blistring medicines, this is good. ℞. Mel anacardinum, leauen. ana. ʒ.j. cantharides, (the winges cast away) ʒ.ij. vinegre, as much as is sufficient:Cansti [...]. and commix [Page 164] them togeather.Aliud. Or this is good. ℞. Euphorbium, salt peter. ana. ℈.ij. sope, quicke lime. ana. ʒ.j. mel anacardinum, as much as is sufficient, so that all being mixed togeather, may be of the thicknes of honie.Vict [...] ratio. Let his diet be such, that his meate may be meanely thin, and easie of digestion. Let his exercise be walkinges, continuall writhinges, leapinges, or dauncinges and running. It is good always to haue the bodie soluble. And if the disease hath endured long, and cannot be driuen away with the aforesaide medicines, you must vse burning in three or foure places, after that sort, as Paulus teacheth in lib. 6. cap. 76. and Aetius. lib. 12. cap. 30.

CAP. LXVI. Of the goute in the feete and ioyntes. DE PODAGRA ET ARTHRITIDE.

PODAGRA & arthritis in Latine, be diseases of one kinde. And therefore they differ not, but in places diseased. For in both of them there is weakenes of the ioyntes, and an vnnaturall humour floweth to them. And if that the fluxe of the humour doe flow to the feate, that is called Podagra in Latine. But if the humour flowe to other ioyntes,Podagra. Arthritis. it is called in Greeke Arthritis, in Latine, articularis morbus, the ioint sicknes. Sometime, this euill doth rushe in sodainely, being equally dispersed throughout all the ioyntes. But for the most parte, the fluxe is wont to fall in priuilie, and by little and little. For in some, paine doth inuade the ioynte of the great toe, but in some the ende of the heele is afflicted. Againe in some other, the hollownes of the foote is grieued, either through chafeing of the shoe, or some such like thing. The goute taketh his beginning at the feete, whereupon it taketh the name, and it proceedeth vpward by little & little to the knees, & also to the ioyntes of the huckle bones, & the thighes. Afterward to the handes, euery ioint particularly being grieued. They that are taken extreamly with this disease, they haue paine in the backbone ioyntes, and in the ioyntes of the ribbes, and eye liddes, and to some paine in the throte also: neither is there anie connexion or knitting of boanes,Causae. which is free from this euill. This disease is engendred of continuall crudities and drunckennes, and of immoderate vsing of lecherie, through vehement and swift deambulations and walkinges, through longe standing or often ryding, by suppression and stopping of accustomed excretions and fluxes, and through intermission of familiar exercises. Sorowes, cares, watchinges, and other perturbations of the minde do not onely engender this euill, but also doe breede hurtefull and corrupt humours. Also many times the cholicke being naughtely cured, is wont to be a cause, why the ioint sicknesse should follow. But, for the most parte, a disposition to this kinde of disease proceedeth from the parentes to the children, and their posteritie. Also vniuersally aboundaunce, of all rawe humours is the cause of this disease. The humours that do abound, and doe fasten them selues in the ioyntes, either be sanguine, or cholericke, or flegmaticke, or melancholious.Signa. Also sometime this euill is engendred of commixion of humours. The outward causes may easely be knowen by the telling of the sicke, or them that be about him. The difference of humours you shall know by the signes following. The humour of blood, if it be much in quantitie,Signes if bloud do flow. it causeth fulnes, and great swelling, not onely of the veines, but about the skinne of the whole member that is grieued, and maketh it red in colour. They which are afflicted with this euill, cannot suffer remeadies to be applyed that be verie cold, or verie hote, and they are continually vexed with paine, because the flowing of the bloude doth chaunce continually and equally. Their vrines are yelowe and meane of substaunce. Also their veynes doe abounde with bloude, and are puffed vppe and swollen. The conuenient age for this euill, is youth. Also meates that engender good iuice, and nourish aboundantly were eaten before, and exercises were neglected. The time of the yeare in the which the patient is most afflicted is spring time.Signes of cholericke fluxe. If the humour, that floweth into the ioyntes, be cholericke, you may knowe it by the yealowish colour of the skinne. Sometime rednes is mixed with the yealow colour, that is when choler is commixed with bloud. Also there is sensible heate and sharpe paine like launcing. Also moystnes sodainly [Page 165] bursteth out of the skinne, without euident swelling. The patient is eased with cooling medicines, and reioyceth, but with hote thinges his paines augment. In the state and strength of the fitte, a feauer taketh him, and a verie great thirst. His vrine is cytrine, and sometime also it is sharpe. There is wont to goe before this disease, great cares, and wrath watchinges, and wermes, and a diet, that was apt to engender choler. The age, complextion, and time of the yeare, that is hote and drie, be apt to cause this cholericke fluxe. And if the humour, that floweth into the ioyntes be flegmatick,Signes of flegmaticke fluxe. the swelling will giue place to the thrusting of the finger, and it is loose and moderate. The coler of the member afflicted, is white. Olde age is most afflicted with this humour, and a complexion colde and moyst, and it chaunceth in the winter time. His vrine is thinne and waterie. There went before it idlenes, reast, and a diet that engendreth flegmaticke humours. If it be salt fleame, great ich, and gnawing, or byting doth trouble the diseased members. If the fluxe to the ioyntes be of melancholie, which chaunceth but seldome,Signes of melancholy sto [...] ing. the colour of the swelling is blackish. The age, which doth most engender this fluxe, is the declination of middle age. Also the complexion is colde and drie, and the time of the yeare, haruest, a countrie that is colde and drie, and like state of the aire, and a diet that engendreth melancholie. When the humour that floweth into the ioyntes, is bloud, by and by you must let bloud, not once onely, but often taking it awaie by little and little: for if you doe omit bloudletting,Cure of bl [...]ud fl [...]ing. and do vse repercussiue medicines, you shall be an authour of great euill. For the bloud being, driuen backe from the vnnoble members, it rusheth vp to the principall members, and that be necessarie to life. Therefore in fluxes of bloud, letting of bloud is verie necessarie, specially in them that abound with bloud. You must cut a veyne in the arme beneath, right against the legge that is vexed with the fluxe. And if the right hande be vexed with paine of this disease, cut a veine in the right legge, about the hamme, or the ankle, or the sole of the feete: for a veine being cut right against the member that is afflicted, is of great efficacie and strength. Then specially must bloudletting be vsed, when this euill beginneth first to inuade any man. For they that be vexed often with this fluxe of bloud, doe feele more hurte, then helpe of bloudletting, specially if their bodie be weake and colde. [...]. After bloud letting, you must applie remeadies to the agrieued member, which doe neither coole greatly, least they should driue togeather, and thicken the humours, nor heat vehemently, least they should draw mo humours vnto the diseased membre. Therefore you must sprinckle the grieued place with olde vinegre, and oyle of roses mixed togeather, specially if the cause of the paine doe seeme to be deepe within. For vinegre of his owne proper thinnes, going into the deapth, maketh a readie way for the oyle of roses, which naturally can ease paines. But if the paine be aloft, nigh the skinne, you shall helpe it geatly with oyle and wine, applying it in sommer warme, in winter hote. Afterwarde also you must vse cataplasmes, which can ease, and cease paine, without any prouoking of fluxes,Cataplasma [...]a. made of the meale of fenugreeke, bareley, beanes, lupynes, chammomill and such like: and you must see that those thinges be euer hote, which may well be, if they be continually chaunged, and couered ouer alofte with woll. Also this medicine profiteth not a little. ℞. goates milcke. ℥.v. the yolkes of two egges, oyle of roses. ℥.j. saffron. ʒ.ss. crummes of bread as much as is sufficient, that it may haue the forme of a cataplasme stampe these, till they be well commixed togeather, and then apply thereof to the member that is grieued. Also you may make an emplaister or cerote of oyle of roses, vinegre, rozen, waxe, galbanum, gumme ammoniacke, franckensence, saffron and such like. You must giue him meates,Victus ratio. which do extenuate, and that do nourish but little, as be potherbes. Let him abstaine altogeather from flesh, except it be birdes of mountaines. Let him vse fishes that breede in stonie waters. Wine if the intemperaunce of the sicke may suffer it, must altogeather be taken away: for it is almost the onely reason, whereby health shoulde follow: which, seeing among a thousand, scarce one doth obserue, it is not maruaile,VVhy fewe be cured of the go [...]e at these dayes. though there be verie few which be deliuered from this disease at these dayes. In steede of wine let him vse water, wherein cinnamome, annyse seedes, or such like hath bene sodden: or that drincke, which is called folishly now adayes ypocras: the making whereof you may finde before in the chapter of the Palsey. Let the sicke diligently auoide fruicte and carnall lust. Also he ought to haue a [Page 166] soluble bellie alwayes, that can auoide out the ordure readily alone: which, if it doe not well,Cure of a cholericke fluxe. wash it with some easie clyster. If through flowing of choler, the disease in the ioints be caused, then your labour must be to voide and purge out the humour that doth vexe the patient, which you must doe, aswell by vomiting, as by the belly downe warne. Therefore you must surely purge them that be thus afflicted, by medicines that draw out choler. After that, vntill the full state of it, you must apply medicines that haue vertue to coole and restraine, as be those that are made of singreene, greene roses, sharpe sorrell, nightshade, plantaine, and such like, often before rehearsed. In this kinde of fluxe, many times, because of the vehemencie of the paine, you must vse such medicine, as can cause astonishment.S [...]pefaecio [...] [...]. For the which purpose, it is good to apply the medicine which we described before, of gotes milcke, crummes of bread, saffron, and yolkes of egges, with the which, you must commixe poppie seedes. ʒ.iij. or opium. ℥.ss. or more, or lesse according to the paine. Also, for the same purpose, leaues of hemblocke and henbane doe profit, being applyed and laide on.Not [...]. But, you must note, and take heade, that, when you be compelled to vse stupefactiue thinges in feruent, and vehement paynes, that afterwarde you doe recreate and nourish those members by such thinges, as doe heate. For vnlesse you doe so, you shall make those members weake, and intemperant, and so they shall be subiect to a perpetuall fluxe, and shall sone catch hurte in their actions. Heating medicines be origan, sauorie, mustardseede pepper and such like. Also you must helpe to prouoke sweating with heating and rubbing of the bodie: but so, that you touch not the aggreued member. Moreouer, you must minister in drincke those thinges, that doe prouoke vrine: for such do voide out choler by the vrine. Also such thinges ministred, as doe cause sleepe, are wonte to do good, because the fluxe is stopped and dried vp by them, specially, if they be ministred after a purgation. You must giue them meates, that do coole, but not that do moisten: for moystnes encreaseth the fluxe.Diet. Let them not suffer hunger, for that maketh choler sharper. Of fruites, let them vse restrictiue apples and meddlars, and other, that doe coole, & stop, or let the fluxe. Let them abstaine altogeather from wine, as is aforesaide. They which are diseased through flowing of fleame, you must beginne the cure of them with purging of fleume.Cure of a flegmaticke fluxe. The flegmaticke humour is auoided by vomiting, but neuerthelesse also downward by the bellie. But the best purging in this euill, is downward by the bellie, whither the disease stricke about the handes or the feete: and so much the more, if the fluxe be in all the ioyntes of the bodie. For the way, that is most familiar, and least perilous for fleame, is to goe out by the guttes. For if it were drawen by violence vpward to the stomach, & not purged out, it causeth perill. Therefore it is more safe, and healthfull to purge it downeward. But before you minister purging medicines, you must minister those thinges, that haue vertue to cut, extenuate and deuide, that by this meanes the grosse humours may be preparate, and made apt to purge. If emptying may not be done by purging, then they must vse hungre and famine,Flegmaticke folke can suffer hunger easely. many dayes, for they, that be flegmaticke of nature can suffer hunger easily and without hurt. Hereupon Hypocrates saith, 7. Apho. 6. It is good for the bodies, that haue most flesh to vse hungre: for the hunger dryeth the bodies. Also they must vse discussiue & dissoluing frictions, & strong clisters & medicines that prouoke vrine: but you must apply outwardly such medicines, as can ease, and cease paine, and which can dissolue and drie moderately, of which we spake a little before. But in the beginning of the disease, you must mixe with them some thinges, that haue vertue to restraine & binde. After the beginning, you must vse onely dissoluing and discussiue thinges. The gentlest is this: of leaues althaea, sodden & beateh alone, or with floure, or bareley meale applied to it. Also, the roote of it sodden in aqua mulsa, and stamped and applyed, is good. And this oyntment is good. ℞. of the oyles of laurell,Vnguentum. and yreos. ana. ℥.j. olde swines greace, butter ana. ʒ.iij. the warrow of a hart. ʒ.ij. fine turpentine. ʒ.v. galbanum, dissolued in vinegre. ʒ.j. Isope, roote of althaea, fenugreeke seede. ana. ℈.ij. waxe as much as it sufficient, and make an oyntment.Victus ratio. Moreouer let the meates that you giue to nourish him, be drie of nature, & small of norishing, as is iuice of rice, rootes, and such like: but yet flesh of the birdes of the mountaines rosted is not hurtfull to them. Capers with acetum mulsum. doth maruelouslie profit. Giue vnto him wine, in verie little quantitie, at certaine times, and let it be [Page 167] thinne yealow & olde. They that are diseased through flowing of melancholie,Cure of a melancholy fluxe they must be emptied either with bloudletting, or by purgation. Vse boudletting, when the bloud is infected with melancholie. And vse purgations, when the patient declineth to melancholie: but if both these abounde togeather, it is not sufficient for you to vse one of the aforesaide thinges. But first, cut a veine, and then vse a purging medicine: which thing you must also doe in other euills that haue neede of dowble purging. In the beginning of the disease, and in the verie time of emptying and purging, you must vse such thinges as can represse, stoppe, and also heate sensibly. After purging, vse those thinges that can gentlie heate, attenuate and dissolue or discusse, as is afore taught. But because knobbes,Cure of knob [...] ▪ and harde swellinges doe engender afterward in the ioyntes, aswell, because of the grossenes, and earthie hardnes of the humour that hath flowed thither, as also through the vsing of immoderate discussiue, and drying medicines, without mixing of such with them, as haue a mollyfiyng vertue. Therefore to take those knobbes away, you must vse those medicines, which be declared of vs before in the chapter of hardnes of the spleene. But specially verie olde and sharpe cheese, brayed in the decoction of verie fatte, and olde swynes fleshe, is good to be applyed. Also, for this euill, figges braied, and laid on, are good. Also Althaea, twyse sodden, oates, nettles, briony roote, round rootes, dill, sothernwoode, maieweede, horehounde leaues, mixed with pitch, sulphur and wine. Also you must commixe fatte, and greaces of swine, goates, calfes, and geese. Also all marowes and other thinges, that haue vertue to mollifie and soften. And also bathinges,Bathe [...] ▪ after the inflammation is ceased, is most commodious, and profitable to all that haue the goute. While they wash them, put sponges wet in vinegre, and salt mixt togeather, round about the diseased places, that they may remaine safe from humours flowing to it. They must washe them selfes, not once onely, but often, in an ayre that is altogeather meane and moderate. But they may not tarie long in hote water. It is beast therefore, that they be sprinckled, & wet with hote water, poured on them. Also it is profitable, that all the bodie be rubbed with drie linnen cloathes. Moreouer, they that be cured of the goute, shall defend themselues afterwarde from it, by this meanes. First, twise in a yeare, that is,A defence for the g [...]ute. at spring time and autumne, if nothing doe let it, let him bloude largely. Also about those times, and oftener, let him vse purging medicines. Also it is necessarie for him to eate litle meate, and to abstaine from fulnes. Also you must vse meates that be easie of digestion, and which readily be distributed into the members of the bodie and be without excrementes. Let him abstaine altogeather from wine, or let him vse it verie scarely. Let him vse exercise verie often, and that before meate: for labour (as Hippocrates sayth) must go before meate. And to conclude, they, that desire to be free from the goute, let him remember this shorte, and most holsome precept of Hypocrates: the way to helpe and preserue health, is not to be filled with meates, and to be vnslouthfull in labouring. Also let his sleepes, and venerous actes be in a meane. As for remeadies in this case, let salt be brayed small in oyle, and the ioyntes rubbed therewith, for it helpeth greatly all those, that will be free from this euill, except they be of a wonderfull drie temperature. And he must vse annoynting with that, morning, and euening all the dayes of his life

Libri tertij finis.

[Page 168]

The fourth booke teaching the cure of feauers.

CAP. I. An exposition of feauers. FEBRIVM EXPLICATIO.

Febris q [...]d. FEBRIS in Latine a feauer in english, it is an vnnaturall heate, which taking his beginning at the hearte, is spreade by the arteries, and veines into the whole bodie, and doth hurte, and let the operation of it. For although a man be whotter now, then ne was before: it followeth not, that he hath a feauer, vnlesse, (the heate being immoderately encreased, doe offend the man, and hurte his operations, and actions. Moreouer, as there be three things, (Hyppocrates witnessing) which doe ordeine and constitute our bodie (that is to saie) thinges conteined, thinges cō teining, and thinges, that flowe about violenlie, (that is) the harde and sounde members in the bodie,Three principal kindes of simple feauers. the humour, and the spirite or aire: so also, there be three kindes of simple feauers. For if immoderate heate be kindled in the spirites, and aire of mans body, it is called in the Greeke, Ephimera, and in Latine Diaria febris, and in English it may be called one day feauer. [...]. Diaria. This feauer is like to hote ayre or winde, included in a bladder or bottle: for, like as the aire heateth the bottle, that it is in, euen so, the spirites of a mans bodie, being heat more then they should be, doe heate all the whole bodie. There chaunceth in this kinde of feauer, but one fitte, and for the most part it endureth but one daie of his owne proper nature; whereupon, it is called Dairia febris, (that is) the one day feauer.Note. For they cease after the first fitte, If they be rightly handled. But you must note, that there be feauers called Diariae, which last vntill the thirde daie, as those be, which are engendred of thickening and stopping of the conduites and passages. For although that this worde, Diaria, be not of the verie substaunce of such feauers, yet because they lacke a conuenient name, to the entent, that our teaching should be briefe & euident, notwithstanding that the worde repugne against it, seing that they be of the same nature, that true diaries be of, they may most rightly be called Diariae, (as Galene sheweth aboū danlie in lib. 9. therapentices cap. 1.) Hereupon it is euident,Diariae simple [...]. Diariae pluriū dierum. that there be two kinds of diaries: Or, which is named Diari simplie and without adiection or putting to of any word, which feauer doth not extend aboue the space of a naturall day (that is) 24. houres. An other kinde there is, which is called Diaria plurium dierum, (that is) a diarie of manie daies. It is called by an other name of Galen (that is) Synochus non putrida. The second kinde of simple feauers is, when as immoderate heate is kindled in the homours, and it is called putrida (that is) rotted,Putrida. onely because the humours, in this kinde of feauers do putrifie and rotte. It is like vnto hote water: for as that doth heate a colde vessell, that it is poured into: So also humours, heat aboue nature, doe heat the bodie. The humours doe putrifie and rot either within the vessels or without. If they rot within the vessels, then either [Page 169] all the humours doe putrifie togeather, or else one alone. If all the humours doe putrifie equallie and a little within all the vesselles or veines, or speciallie within the greatest: it causeth a feauer called Synoca putrida, which, to the intent you may perceine what it maeneth: [...]. you must note first that the Phisitions of Grece doe call that feauer Synochos, in the which one fitte remaining still continually from the beginning to the ending, extendeth and continueth many dayes. Or, it is a feauer which is with out any great mutation vntill the ende of it. This feauer may be called of the Latines continent febris, and is in English a constant or continuall feauer. But although there be one forme and likelyhood of such feauers, whereupon they name them Synocus, yet, there nature is not: all one.Two kindes of Synochus. For some of them haue manyfest signes and tokens of rottennesse: and some againe haue none at all, which (as we saide a little before) be of the kindes of Diaria. Synochus putrida non putrida. We to the intent that our doctrine maybe the more euident, doe call the first Synochus putrida, and the last we call, Synochus non putrida. And in this place you may not followe the barbarous sorte, which call the last of them Synocha, and the first Synochus: seeing the Greekes (as Galene witnesseth, conteineth them both vnder the name of Synochus. Of those feauers, which are named Synochi, there be three sundrie sortes or differences:Three sortes of Synochus. for some of them doe endure of an 1 equall vehemencie, and force from the beginning vntill the ending: those the Greekes call homotonos, and acmastic [...], (that is) remaining still in the same force and vigoure. Some 2 alwaies encrease and augment by little & litle, those the Greekes do call, anabaticos, & epacmaticos, (that is) encreasing and augmenting more and more. Some doe decrease and 3 deminish by little and little those the Greekes call paracmasticos, (that is) decreasing. Moreouer, if one onely humour do putrifie and rotte within the vesselles: it kindleth a feauer, which the Greekes doe call Synechis, and the Latines, continua febris, [...]. VVhat a continual feauer is. in English a continuall feauer, which is, when the feauer doeth not leaue the patient, but it hath a certaine remission and slaking in euerie fitte. Whereby it is euident that the feauer Synochus and Synechis (that is) a constaunt feauer and a continuall feauer doe differ much a sunder. For in a feauer Synochus, there is no remission or slaking of the heate,Difference betweene [...]. Three kindes of continual feauers. Tertiana continua. Quotidiana continua. Quartana cō tinua. Likenesse betweene continuall and intermitting feauers. but in the feauer Synechis, there is sensible remission and slaking in euerie fitte. Also the feauer Synochus, hath not one onely fitte: but in Synechis there be many fittes. And they two agree in this, that neither of them doeth leaue the patient sometime. Of feauers, that are called Synechis, or else continue febres, there be three kindes: for if choler doe putrifie and rotte within the the vesselles, it causeth a continuall tertian, or a burning feauer, which is called of the Greekes, causos. If fleame doe putrifie or rotte with the vesselles, there engendreth a continuall quotidian. But if melancholie doe putrifie and rotte within the vesselles, there engendreth a continuall quartaine. And these continuall feauers be somewhat like to the intermitting feauers, of the which we will speake straight waie. For a continuall tertian, agreeth with a true intermitting tertian, in that, that it hath a fitte, aswell as it, euerie thirde daie. And a continuall quotidian agreeeth, with an intermitting quotidian, because ech of them hath a fitte euerie daie. Also a continuall quartaine agreeth with an intermitting quartaine, because both of them causeth a fitte euerie fourth daie. But yet these feauers doe differ two wayes, notwithstanding that they agree in the humour, that causeth them. First they differ because in continuall feauers, the putryfied humour is contayned within the veynes, but in intermitting feauers, that humour is dispersed into all the members of the bodie, whereuppon it chaunceth through vyolence of spreading of humours, the feauers are purged out by them selues. Hereby also they differ another waie,Difference betweene continuall and intermitting feauers. (that is) the intermitting feauers slake betweene the fittes, but the continuall feauers doe not cease at all betweene the fittes. Heatherto we haue rehearsed what kindes of feauers humours putryfied within the vesselles doe cause and engender. Nowe we will expounde, what feauers humours putryfied without the vesselles doe conceiue, engender, and kindle. If therefore an humour doe putrifie and rotte without the vesselles, it causeth an intermitting feauer, which is so called,Intermittens febris. because the fitte doeth not endure continuallie, but it hath a slaking or ceasing, and leaueth of betweene the fittes. It [Page 170] may most aptly be called in Lataine febris interpolata, [...]. beause the fittes come and renewe at their times: some call it deficiens febris. Of this feauer there be thre kindes, (that is) a Tertian,Tertiana [...]. Quotidiana exquisita. a Quotidian, and a quartaine. A pure and exquisite Tertian is caused when choler doth putrifie and rotte without the vessells. It is so called because it ceaseth one daie, and cometh againe the thirde daie. An equisite Quotidian, which in Greeke is called Amphymerimon, it is caused of swete fleume being putrified and rotten without the vessels, and it is so called because it returneth euerie daie. We did not rashlie saie sweete steame: for if glasen fleame doe putrifie and rotte a little,Epialos. it causeth a feauer called Epialos. And this Epialos is a feauer, in which the patient is both feuerous, and feruentlie colde, and doeth feele both heate and colde immoderate in all partes of his bodie, both at one, time togeather.Lypiria. To the aforesaide feauer doeth belong a feauer, in Greeke called Lypiria. In this feauer there is heate fealt within, and in the bowelles and entrailes: but in all the outward partes,Quart [...]n [...] intermittens. there is colde fealt. An intermitting Quartaine is engendred of Melancnolie putrified and rotted without the vesselles. It is so named bycause it ceaseth two dayes, 3 and returneth againe the fourth daie. The thirde kinde of simple feauers in generall is caused, when heate is kindled in the sounde, harde, and fleshie partes of mans bodie, and it is called both in Greeke and Lataine,Hectica febris Hectica febris, and in English the feauer ethicke. This feauer is like to a hote vessell, for as the vessell doeth heate the water that is poured into it: so also the feauer Ethicke, which sticketh in the sounde and fleshie partes of the bodie, and is infixed in them, is able to heate all the humours of the bodie. And if this feauer doeth so encrease, that it doeth melt and consume the whole bodie, and all the harde,Marasmus. and sounde partes of it: then it is called Hectica marasmodes, and marasmus. And this (as Galene witnesseth) is vncurable. For although you might quench the heate, yet the drinesse which is lefte, being proper to olde age, will kill the pateint. Besides the feauers nowe of vs rehearsed, there is an other feauer which is caused of breathing in of pestilent aire. But seeing this feauer (as Galene witnesseth libro primo de differentijs febrium, Pestilen [...] feauer. capite quinto,) is engendred of rottennesse, for the aire about vs, being corrupted with a putrifying, and rotting euaporation, causeth also the humours of the bodie to rotte. Therefore it may be conteyned vnder the seconde principall kinde of feauer called putrida. Moreouer in this place, we may not let passe to tell, that some feauers be engendred without disease or griefe in any member of the bodie, and some feauers be kindled through the inflammation of some member. Therefore,Feauers engendred by inflammation of some member. as the former feauers haue their names: so also eche of these that followe haue their proper names. For that feauer, which is engendred through inflammation of the filme or caull, that girdeth in the ribbes, it is ca [...]led pleuretica febris. That which engendreth through inflammation of the lounges is called, peripneumonica febris. That which chaunceth through inflammation of the stomach, the liuer, or the longes, is called in Greeke typhodes (that is) inflaming or burning. Likewise all other feauers, which engender through inflammation of any member, haue diuerse names, according to the diuersitie of the member. Therefore in euerie sicke person you must diligently discerne feauers, which come without disease of other members, from those feauers which engender through inflammation of some member. Of the aforesaide feauers, some be Typicae, (that is) certaine and ordinate: and some be, erraticae, (that is) vncertaine and vnordinate. Typicae be such feauers, whose fittes and slakinges from them doe come iustly at their appointed time. Erraticae are such feauers as be contrarie to these, for they keepe no certaine and iust time, nor any order of fittes, nor the intermission betweene them, as be those feauers, which engender of melancholie, which is moued in cetaine members, and in some it remaineth vnmoueable, in other members it putrifieth, or beginneth to boyle. Hitherto we haue rehearsed the kindes of simple feauers: it remaineth therefore, that we declare brieflie the kindes of compoundes and mixt feauers. Therefore compound feauers are caused two wayes:The kindes of compound feauers. first, because these feauers aforesaide (that is) a Tertian, Quotidian, and Quartain, may be mixed togeather without the disease of any member. Secondarily, because these feauers, which be engendred through inflammation of some member, may commixe togeather. The feauers that come without the inflammation of any member, are sometime complicate [Page 171] and ioyned togeather, and somtime they are altogeather confounded. Complicatiō (as Galen witnesseth) is when the feauers inuade the patient at diuerse houres. And confusion is, when they begine at one time. There be foure complications or ioyning togeather of the feauer Tertian and Quotidian (as Galene witnesseth.) One,Complications of Quotidians and Tertians. when a Tertian and Quotidian are mixed togeather being both intermittig feauers. Another is, when an intermitting Tertian is ioyned with a continuall Quotidian. This is called by a peculiar name of the greekes Hemitritaeus, Hemitritaeus. because all his nature hath the halfe parte of ech of the sayde feauers. The thirde is when an intermitting Quotidian is mixed with a continuall Tertian. The fourth is when a continuall Quotidian is ioyned with a continuall tertian. To be shorte, feauers of one kinde are complicate and ioyned with feauers of the same kinde, as continuall with continuall, and intermitting with intermiting feauers, and tertians with other tertians, and one quartaine with an other quartaine. Also it chaunceth many times, that feauers of diuerse kinds are coupled togeather as quotidians with tertians and each of them with quartaines, and sometime intermitting feauers are mixed with continuall feauers. Moreouer after the same sorte, feauers which are engendred with inflammation of some members, are sometime mixed togeather, as if diuerse members doe ech of them kindle a feauer, proper to them selues, or the affection, where they engender be mixed. Seeing therefore, that feauers are compounded and wixed many sundrie wayes: first the kindes of simple feauers must be with great diligence perfectly learned of them, that studie Phisicke: for vnlesse they know them verie perfectly, it can not be that euer they should know well compound feauers. Therefore seing the knowledge of them is verie harde, in so much that often times cunning Phisitions are deceiued in iudging of them: you must seeke the signes and tokens, whereby you may know them, diligently out of Galene, who hath taught this thing more exactly then any man. We, to helpe the memorie of the studious haue comprehended all the kindes of simple feauers in this table following.

TABƲLA FEBRIVM.

Of simple feuers, there be three principall kindes. For vnnaturall heat is kindled & engendred either in the &c.
- Spirites or breathe, and doth cause Ephemera, or diaria, wherof be two kindes, that is to say.
  - Ephemera simpliciter, or Diaria, one day feauer.
  - And Diaria, plurium dierum other wise called Synochus non putrida, enduring three or foure dayes.
- Or in the humours, and causeth putrida febris, a rotten feauer, they do rot in two places, either.
  - Within the vessels and that two waies for either.
    - All the humours doe putrifie and rote equally, and cause a feauer called Synochus putrida.
    - Or one only humour putrifieth, and so causeth a continual feauer and if there be putrefaction of.
      - Choler it causeth a continuall tertian or a burning feauer.
      - If fleame doe putrifie it causeth a continuall quotidian.
      - If melancholie doe putrifie it causeth a continuall quartaine.
  - Or they putrifie without the vessels, and cause an intermitting feauer. For if there be putrefaction of &c.
    - Choler it causeth an intermitting tertian.
    - If fleame that is
      - sweete doe rotte, it causeth an intermitting quotidian.
        Exquisite and pure.
      - Glasen, it causeth Epialos.
    - If melancholie doe rotte, it causeth an intermitting feauer quartaine.
- Or in the fleshie partes, and causeth either.
  - Hectica febris.
  - Or Marasmus.

[Page 172]

CAP. I. Of one day feauer. DE DIARIA.

DIARIA Febris in Lataine: Ephemera, in Greeke: in English one day feauer. It is that which hath one onely fitte, [...]. q [...]id. finishing for the most in one daie, at the most, of his owne nature. For it endeth after the first fit, & doth not exceede, nor passe a naturall daie, if it be rightly vsed. And that, because of the matter, wherein it is, (that is) the spirite or breath which is easily dissolued and dispersed. Therefore Galen doth most worthely call this, the most simple feauer, because it is the shortest, & the most gentle feauer, being nothing malignant. Therefore if any thing in this feauer be committed either by ignoraunce of the Phisitions, or through intemperance of the sicke, or by errors of the ministers & assistants, wherby it turneth into another kinde of feauer,Causae. that doth not chaunce through the nature of this feuer. Diaria febris is caused, whē as the spirite or breath is inflamed & heat aboue nature without any putrefaction or rottennes. And that chaunceth many wayes: somtime through constipation binding or thickning of the skinne, which stoppeth & keepeth in, the vapours or spirites which were wōt to flow out by the poores, which because they be hote and sharpe, therefore they engender a feauer. Sometime it is caused through wearines, and vehement defatigation. Also through watchinges, crudities, and lacke of digestion, sadnes, feare, yre, vehement care of the mind, burning of the Sunne, colde, hungre, dronekennes, and swelling of the carnelles in the throte,Signa. and such like, which can heate the spirites and enflame them. The Signes whereby diaries are knowen, are of two sortes: for some signes be common to all diaries, and some be proper and peculiar to ech cause.Common signes six. The common signes be six in number, whereof the first is the pulse. For all the diaries, as much as in them is doe chaunge the pulse in greatnesse 1 swiftnesse, and oftnes. But it keepeth exquisitely that order, softnes and equallitie, which 2 is according with nature. The second common signe is the vrine, which in diaries is altogeather according to nature, or doth little turne from a naturall state. An vrine, that accordeth with nature,A naturall vrine. is subrufe in colour, meane in substaunce, hauing in it a residence, white, light, and equall. The thirde token is the equalitie of heate which in all diarie 3 feauers is gentle, pleasaunt, and easie. The fourth signe is the maner of ending of it, for 4 all diaries are loosened and ended by a breath or vapour, which cannot be perceiued, or by 5 aboundaunt vapours or moistures, or swete swettes. The fifth is the wanting of euill symptomates and accidentes: as be vehement paine of the head and stomach, and other parts, 6 abhorring of meates, vnquietnesse, vnsatiable thirst, and such other like. The sixth common signe is, that all diarie feauers be engendred of an outwarde cause, which the Phisitions at these daies cal a primitiue cause. But the particular signes, whereby ech Diaria doth differ from other,Particular signes of diaries. be these that follow. They which haue Diaria feauer, caused through watching, there chaunceth to them a naughtie colour, and swelling of the face, heauie motion of the eyes:Signes of watchinges. for they scant lift vp the eye liddes, there is moistnes of the heares of the eye liddes, and small pulses. For watching (as Hippocrates saith) seeing it letteth digestion, it engendreth aboundaunce of crude and raw humours and vapours, it diminisheth the naturall heate, and vnlooseneth the bodie, whereupon there followeth the tokens aforesaide. To be short, watchinges doe reuoke and pull backe nature from digesting: therfore they cause great cruditie and rawnes, aswell in the braine, as in the rest of the bodie, whereupon also doth chaunce the tokens aforesaide. The signes of a diarie, caused of care and sorrowe be these,Signes of care and sorrows. leannes of the bodie. If sorrow be the cause, it is clearer, if care, it is darker. Also hollownesse, and drienes of the eyes doth signifie both the saide effectes: but in thoughtes and congitations it is least, because the spirites and humours are lesse consumed. And it is most euident in sorrow. Also there follow these effectes, a certain vnaccustomed palenes or swartnes, so that the skinne is destitute of her naturall colour. They which haue a diarie through, wrathe or furious anger, they haue neither hollownesse of eyes,Signes of anger. nor euill colour of the face, but rather their eyes seeme to sticke out further [Page 173] and their face is redde, and there is loftines of the pulses. So also the signes of the rest of the diaries, being engendred through perturbation of the minde may chiefely be knowen by the pulses. For in sadnes the spirites are caried inwarde,Signes of sadnes. Signes of feare and therefore the pulses be small, feeble and rare. In feare newe begonne, the bloud and spirites runne inwarde as it were to the spring heade, and the minde is troubled. For nature being vexed driueth the spirites hither and thither, which through mouing are inflamed, whereby the pulses are made swifte, necessitie compelling them, and the minde being chafed maketh them vnequall and sharp. In old feare (the spirites being dispersed and vertue being feeble), it causeth such pulses, as we spake of before in sadnes. They which haue a Diaria feauer,Signes of Sun-burning. through burning & heate of the Sunne, their skinne is hote and drie, their heade seemeth to them to burne, because of the spirites inflamed in it. Their eyes waxe redder, and somtime the veynes in their eyes, temples and foreheade, and in all their whole face are stretched and puffed vppe. They, that haue this feauer through colde, they are taken with heauie distillations, and reumes, because colde bindeth,Signes of co [...]d and withholdeth and keepeth the fumous excrementes within the skinne. Moreouer the skinne is lesse hote, and all the bodie sheweth to haue a greater moisture, because the wonted fluxe is restrained and stopped through colde. Moreouer there is no filthinesse in the face for the same cause. They which haue this feauer caused of wearines, their skinne is made drier,Signes of werines. then it is in other diaries, because exercise drieth vppe the bodie, and draweth out the moysture of it: also their pulses be vnlike: for they, that haue vsed great exercises, and be wearied aboue measure, they haue small pulses, because of imbecillitie and weakenesse of strength, but they that haue vsed but small labours, their pulses be great, because their strength is no [...] deminished yet.Signes of dronkennes & hunger. Signes of swelings about the throte. They which be taken with a Diaria feauer through dronckennes or hungre, they neede no signes to knowe the cause, for such causes may be knowen by telling of the sicke. They which haue this feauer through kernels, swellings, or impostumations about the throte or mouth, or otherwhere: they haue verie great pulses, & because of the feuerous heate, they be swift & often. Also there is equallitie of their pulses because the instrument of mouing is not letted neither by obstruction, nor through aboundaunce of humours, nor of sharpe vapours, nor by pressing togeather, vnlesse the inflammation be verie great. Their face is altogeater red and swollen, because of the aboundaunce of heat. And their vrine appeareth pale, because the choler that should colour the vrine is tranferred to the botch or impostumatiō. The cure of all diarie feauers is brought to passe by diet, whose chiefe point in all diaries that be simple consist in this:Victus ra [...]i [...]. that you minister vnto them meates that engender good humours, and that be easie of digestion and apt to be distributed about the bodie. Giue vnto them that are burnte in the Sunne, and to them that be angred, a diet which doth coole and moiste. And vnto them, that are colde, giue a diet that nourisheth lesse, and that doth heate moderately. Against watchinges or sadnes, or consuming with oner much care, vse a diet which can both moisten and prouoke sleepe, that it may deliuer them from the drines that those euills haue caused, and also that it may recreate & refresh their strength. They that haue a feuer of wearines, you must allowe them to eate asmuch meate, as they can digest: for you must alwaies eschewe cruditie and rawnes of the stomache. For the substaunce of the bodie being dissolued and dispersed with labour, must be repaired with much meate, being easie of digestion. You must measure the quā titie of taking of meate by the patientes strength, age, naturall temperament, and custome of the sicke. Moreouer by the time of the yeare the region, and such other like. But those, whose temperature of the bodie is verie hote and drie, those you must feede with meate by and by at the first beginning of the fitte. For in them the diarie▪ feauer will chaunge verie swiftelie into an acute and rotten feauer. Chiefelie aboue other, theie maie be fedde with a thinne diet, which haue a diarie caused of a botche or impostumation, for in them, the substaunce of the bodie is not dimynished.VVine good for diaries. Wine that is white and thinne is good almost for all diarie feauers, those, which be properlie named so, and doe endure but twentie foure houres. For besides that, it helpeth digestion, it also prouoketh vrine and swette (as Galene saieth) But you maie graunte it more aboundantlie to the feauerous through watchinges sorrowe or care, because great [Page 174] aboundaunce of spirites is spent and consumed in them, which wine will easely and quickly restore in them againe. But to those that haue headach, wheather they haue watched, or be feauerous by any other occasion, they must refraine from wine, because it pearceth the head quickly. And they that haue this feauer engendred of great anger and furie, vnlesse they be altogeather quiet from that perturbation, they may haue no wine giuen to them, for the spirites, and bloud is maruelouslie chafed, and boileth sore. Also you must driue from wine those that be feauerous, through the swelling of botches or kernelles in the throte vntill it be loosened: not, that it is so vnprofitable for the feauer, but that it hindereth the cure of the botch. For it encreaseth the flowing of the humours into the greeued place, and so causeth inflammation, and thereby augmenteth the feauer. You must cure all simple feauers that be diaries (as Galen witnesseth) with bathes.Curatio. Therefore whosoeuer hath this feauer, in the declination of the first fitte, you must bring them into a bath. But yet all may not be bathed alike, nor all must vse the same partes of a bathe. For they that haue this feauer caused of botches, or impostumations they may profitablie tarie in the aire or fume of the bathe, because it both rarefieth and maketh thinne the skinne, and also it prouoketh and enticeth swette out of the bodie. Neither doeth it hurte those patientes with drines, as it would do those, that haue this feauer engendred of werines, watchinges, cares, and other perturbations of the minde. For seeing their body is dried vp altogeather by those causes, they must be kept from the aire of the bathe, least it augment their griefe. Therefor such may tarie the longer in a bath of sweete water being made hote, that through the moysture of it, they may recouer the humiditie that is lost, and is decayed in them. Afterwarde softe handes must rubbe them gentlie, with plentie of warme oyles, wherein there is no manner of restriction or binding. For this friction and rubbing doeth moysten, loosen, and soften the harde and fleshie partes, and it dissolueth and disperseth those things which are conteyned in the poores and conduites of the bodie. They that haue this feauer caused through burning of the Sunne, you must cure them by and by in the beginning with cooling, and with many bathinges of sweete water, and onely with pouring on a little oyle without friction or rubbing of it, for it raiseth heate. Thinges that doe coole the heade being applyed to it, be oyle of roses, and of vnripe oliues, and other which be rehearsed in libro primo. These being first made colde, and then receiued with wooll, and holden vppe alofte, you must presse it with your hande, and let it droppe downe vpon the foreparte of the heade, and that continually, while the feauer doeth decline: then afterwarde bring the sicke into a bathe. If any person haue this feauer through colde he must also be brought to a bathe in the remission of his fitte, and his head must be nourished both before and after the bathing with oyle of yreos and oleum nardinum, and such like. For they that haue a feauer through this cause, haue neede of medicines that can heate, and remoue constipation and bynding. They that labour of a Diaria feauer through hunger, in the inclination of the fitte, you must bring them straight vnto a bathe, and pouring vppon them much sweete oyle warmed, rubbe them softlie, and you must keepe them longe in the water of the warme bathe, that thereby the drienes, which hunger hath caused in the bodie, may be corrected and amended by the oyle and the bath. When they be come out of the bath you must recreate and refresh the strength with conuenient meates, & then you must bring them againe to a bath, and when they come out againe, (the perturbation with their bathing being ceased) you must giue them hote water to drincke, and by and by you must minister iuice of ptisan, and sometime they may take luttuse, and they may eate fishes taken out of grauellie places, & being light meate sodden in a whyte broath, which, what it was in old time, Galen sheweth in lib. 4. de sanitate tuenda. If the feauer Diaria doe chaunce throught cruditie or rawnes of the stomach: you must first consider, whither the wombe be soluble, or else costiue. If it be soluble, and those things only which be corrupt, do seeme to void furth, then you must wash him and nourish him in the remission of the feauer. But not vnlesse first you diligently behold and foresee all thinges chauncing to the Stomache. For if such aboundaunt emptying hath bene alreadie, or doth nowe continue, so that, the vertue and strength of the sicke is wearied, it is better to giue him meate, and wash him both [Page 175] togither. But you must diligently behold first those things that be about the stomach. You must vse about the sicke, if the emptying do endure no longer irrigations and sprinklinges of the stomach with oyle and wormewood and other things which are rehearsed before in the third Booke in the Chapter of weakenesse of the stomach.Note. But those thinges that be applied to the stomach, let them be well heat. For those things that be applied bloud warme, do dissolue and loosen the strength of the stomach. If the belly be altogether costiue, handle, and feele the sides, and then the whole belly, & consider, whether the meate is discended into the small guts, or into the colon. And if the meate abide yet still in the stomach, let the sick drink much warme water, & put his finger or a fether down into his throte, and vomite vp all that vexeth and troubleth him. Then you must foment and nourish his hypochō ders and sides, and let him rest. But when the foode is descended alreadie into the bowells, you must bid them lye with their face and stomach downward, and you must nourish the belly & prouoke sleepe: for that digesteth cruditie maruelouslie.Sleepe digesteth. After sleepe to bring out excrementes from the womb, you must put in a suppositarie or cast an easie clister to loosen the wombe. They which haue a feuer caused through swelling of the kernells of the throte, in them you must first cure the bile or botch that caused the inflammation, after that sort, that Galene teacheth in his bookes de medendi ratione. When the fit declineth, they must be washed. Also they must be nourished with a thinne and scarce diet, because in them, the substance of their bodie is not lost. Also they must be kept from wine, for the causes aforesaide. And this suffiseth for the Curing of a Diaria Feuer, being so called simpliciter, without any addition.

CAP. II. Of a Diarie lasting moe dayes. DE DIARIA PLVRIVM DIERVM.

THERE is another kinde of Diaries, which is named Diaria plurium dierum for no other cause, but because it extendeth and continueth vnto the third day.Pi [...]i [...] pluriū dierum. Synochus non putrida. It is otherwise called Synochus non putrida. The auncient Authors haue called this feuer Diaria, because it is of the same nature that right Diaries are of. For it endeth after the first fit, if it be rightly and well handled. This feuer is caused of thickning or stopping of the poores, & passages of the skin.Causae. That thickning (as Galen witnesseth) doth chaunce either because the small poores are stopped vp, or because they wax narrower, or also because the bodie it selfe is moderately thicked, which is wont to change thorough colde, or after a bath, or by a medicine that is verie sharpe and restrictiue: or thorough burning of the Sunne, and other such like which can drie the skinne. This feuer may be knowen first by touching: for in them that haue it, the skinne is felt harder,Signae. and 1 more compact togither, then it is wont to be: Secondarily you may knowe this feuer by 2 mouing of the heate, for at the first touching it seemeth gentle, and easie, but afterward, if you holde still your hand longer, the heate is sharper. Thirdly you may knowe this feuer 3 by the vrine, which is not much altered from his naturall substaunce and colour: for the bloud doeth not boyle verie much, neither is there much choler ingendred, whereby the vrine should be made higher coloured. Fourthly, you may knowe it by the bignesse 4 of the bodie, which keepeth one state and doeth not fall awaye, because the thickenesse of the skinne doeth let the dissoluing of the vapoures and moisture, and therefore also the eyes are not hollowe, nor drie, but more swollen and more moisture, then they should be naturallie. Fifthly, you may knowe it by the pulse, which is equall, great, swifte, frequent and vehement. They that be taken with this feuer, if you will cure them rightlie 5 and truelie, you must let them bloud, and you must drawe out so much bloud,Curatio. as the strength of the patient will suffer. And knowe this for a suretie, that vnlesse you vse this remedie to those, which by nature haue their bodie vnapt to breath out vapoures because of aboundaunce, it will come to passe that either they shall be choked, or be in daunger of often swounding, vnlesse great strength or much sweating, or large fluxe of bloud doe [Page 176] deliuer them from death.Abstersiue medicines. The bodie being emptied by bloud letting, shortlie after minister meates and medicines, which can cleanse and scoure. The meates which can doe this in feuers (as Galene witnesseth) be Ptysan and mulsa. The medicines be Ptysan, oxymell, and thinges sodden in mulsa, as be calamint, hisope, origan, Serpillum, yreos and apium. But all these be hoater, then they ought to be, and therefore they enflame and kindle feuers,Oxymell. as also wine doeth. Oximell doeth onely scoure and cleanse strongly, and doeth not inflame and kindle feuers, so that it doth dissolue those things that be glutinous, clammie, tough and grosse, and it deliuereth the conduits, poores & passages from obstructions & stoppings. Obserue & watch how much of the feuerous heate is diminished by this diet. For if the third day in the morning, you see verie little of the feuer left, & if there be no signes of rottennes of humours in the pulse nor cruditie or rawnesse in the vrine: if the suspect houre wherin the feuer tooke the patient the first day be after noone, you may boldly wash the patient quickely long before sixe of the clocke, but it is sufficient, if you ende the washinge three houres before. Likewise if you suspect the tenth houre, you may wash him vntill the seuenth houre, for three houres or foure is space enough betweene the bathing and the fit. When the bodie hath beene heat in the bath, being first annointed with sweete oyle warmed, and rubbed verie moderately and easilie, then by and by it must be wiped without and washed. These things following do scoure and cleanse most moderately (that is) meale of Eruum, and of barley, and also of beanes. Moreouer mulsa which is waterie doeth the same. Stronger thinges be yreos, roote of panax, and aristolochia, and mulsa, which is of a meane commixtion, but that mulsa scoureth most of all, that is pure, which is when there is but a little water mixed with the hony, so that the melted hony may easily enter into the small pores of the skinne. Stronger scourers then these, be the froth of salt Peter, the salt Peter it selfe, and then aphonitrum, sope is one of them that is able to scoure most of all. Moreouer after a bath, you must giue the patient no thing, but water, which hath had a little apium sodden in it, although there be three houres space betweene the bathing and the suspected houres. But if the fitte doeth inuade the patient in the euening, or two houres sooner, then you may wash him in the morning, and giue him meate, but you must giue him onely, iuyce of Prysan. Then if the suspected houres bring nothing with them, then you may wash him againe, if you will and giue him meate, but you must haue respect to the vrine and the pulse. But if there chaunce anie thing in the suspected houres, you must conferre it with the fitte, which you had the first day, and then you must consider the vrine, and also the pulses. For all these will appeare to be in a meane temperature, when there is left but a little obstruction. Wherefore you shall wash him the fourth day, and giue him meate, hauing respect to the aforesaide consideracions: and you shall hope that nothing will be left the fifth day. But if there be great obstruction caused, that feuer is not of the kinde of Diarie Feuers.

CAP. III. Of a rotten Feuer called Sinochus. DE SINOCHO PVTRIDA.

[...]. SYNOCHVS in Greeke is a Feuer, wherein one fit continuine perpetuallie from the beginning to the ending, remaineth manie dayes, or els it is a feuer which is without all great mutation vntil the end of it. Hereupon it is called in Latine continens febris, Continens febris. and in English it may be called a constant and stable feuer. There be three sundrie differences of these constant feuers, as appeareth before in the exposition of feuers. This feuer Synochus putrida or continēs febris is caused when all the humoures do putrifie and rot equallie togither within all the vesselles,Causae. and specially in the great vesselles, which be about the armeholes, and the share, which is wont to chaunce, when a feuerous heate is retained and kept in of a vehement binding and stopping, which is within the bodie. For whatsoeuer things be hote and moist, and may hardly breath or fume out, they putrifie and rot quickly and readilie. Therefore [Page 177] this kinde of feuer is not engendred nor kindled in folke that be leane and slender, nor in them that haue a thinne and rare state of their bodie, nor in a colde temperament of the bodie, nor in a colde age: but for the most part it ingendreth in them which doe abound with bloud, and in those, that be hote as well by their age and nature, as by exercises and diet, and specially it kindleth in them that be fleshie, grosse, and thicke bodied,Signa. or else in them that be stuffed with hoate excrements. They which haue this feuer, their pulse is verie great, vehement, quicke, frequent and equall. The constitution or substance of the arteries is neither harder nor softer, then it should be by nature: but the quickenesse and frequencie of it, is according to the greatnesse of the feuer, and these signes are common with the signes of the Diaria plurium dierum. But particulerly in this feuer, there is signes of rottennesse, and that aswell in the vrine, as in the pulse, and by the qualitie of vnkinde heate. The Cure of this Feuer must be begunne with letting of bloud.Curatio. And if vertue and nature bee strong, and no other notable thing do stoppe it or let it, you must drawe bloud till he do faint and swound. For if the patient be strong, this is the chiefest remedie for this kind of feuer (as Galene sayeth.) For first the bodie is turned into a contrarie state, for it is cooled quickelie through the fainting and swounding. As for cooling of the bodie, nothing can be founde that is more pleasaunt, nor more profitable, either for the sicke, or for nature. Moreouer in such bodies there chaunceth of necessitie, loosenesse of the bellie, or a laske, And oftentimes also vomiting of choler. Which thinges, moisture or sweates do gather from the whole bodie. Therefore you shall do best by and by in these feuers, not to marke the number of dayes past, but onelie to consider the strength of the patient. For if that he be safe and strong, you may let bloud not onlie the 6. or 7. day, but also in the daies folowing. But, and if you are compelled at anie time to cure a patient, to whom not only the remedy of bloudletting hath bin pretetmitted & kept back, but now also either through ignorance of Phisitions, or through feare of the sick or his assistents in processe of time, you are forbidden to let bloud, you must come to the ministring of cold things. But you must diligently discerne & cōsider before, how much hurt may chance by it. For if the hurt wilbe smal or none,VVhen colde thinge [...] be ministred. minister verie cold drinke, as much as the sicke will drink. And you may be the more bold to do it, if the patient hath bene vsed to drink cold drinks. But if you feare that great discōmoditie would arise through it, you shall abstaine from it: and vse other remedies whereby obstructions may be taken away, and abundance auoided, and that, the burning heate of the feuer may be cooled and eased.discōmodities of cold drinks. The discommodities and hurts which do follow cold drinks ministred immoderatelie and out of time, be these: first because it prohibiteth and letteth grosse & clammie humours to be attenuated & digested, whither they haue ingendred obstructions or rottennes, or inflammation, or impostume, or knobby hardnesse, or such like affects. As often therefore as a feuer is kindled of such humours cold things are not good for their auoiding: but to this feuer it bringeth much ease, because it quencheth the feuer that is alreadie kindled. But yet seing the cause of the feuer remaineth still, of necessitie another feuer must be kindled new againe, and manie times a worse, then that which went before, because that the bodie is thickned through cold. And this is one discommodity not to be neglected. Another is, that cold things hurt manie weake members of the patient, whether they be weake by naturall distemperature, or by some vice that they haue gotten. So in some, it hath bene found that their throte hath bene so hurt, that they could not swallowe, in some, the stomach, that they could scarce digest. In some the mouth of the stomach, or the liuer, or the gut colon, or the longs, or the midriffe, or the reines, or the bladder, or some other such like member is so striken with cold, that it is made weake and vnable to do his proper action and office. Manie by immoderate drinking of it out of time, haue by and by bene taken with difficultie of breathing, & with cramp and trembling, and haue had hurt in all their sinewes. Therefore to be short, in them that haue anie swelling of fleume or bloud, or anie knobbie hardnesse: you may not giue cold water vnto them, nor yet to them,Of cold water. that a rawe humour doeth hurt with obstruction of rottennesse. But if there be no such swelling as is aforesaid, & then you do perceiue euident signes of digestion and concoction in the vrine, & if then there be no member so giuen to a cold temperature, that it might take hurt: then you may boldlie giue cold water. Also if the sicke haue vsed to drinke cold water, you may the [Page 178] more boldly minister it, for all the members haue learned before by experience to suffer it familiarly without hurt. The drinking of cold water is perillous in them, that haue but little bloud and flesh.Contin [...]us febris hath [...] remedies chief [...]ie. Therefore by these thinges before rehearsed, it is euident to all men, that the chiefest remedies of these kinds of feuers called Synochus putrida, be these two: blud letting, and drinking of cold water: but bloud letting may be vsed at anie time, if the strength of the patient will suffer it, and drinking of cold water must be vsed when euident signes of concoction are seene in the vrine, when the feuer it greatest, and when you are compelled to leaue bloud letting. You must note well the time, when you should let bloud, and marke what went before,You may not let bloud on a full stomach. and what followeth. For if crudite and indigestion of meates do go before, you must refraine so long time from bloud letting, as will suffise as well to digest the meate, as that the excrementes may descend downe. But if there will follow of necessitie anie fluxe or emptying, you must leaue so much bloud still, as will voide by that fluxe, Therfore if at the time of bloudletting, the menstruis do chaunce to flow, or also that the hemmorhoides do open and burst out, if you beholding the vehemencie of the fluxe, shall think it to be sufficient to purge and emptie out that which you require without anie helpe, then you shall let nature worke alone. But if you thinke it contrarie, drawe out so much bloud, that thereby vnder them both conioyned togither, you may bring to passe your request and expectation.Diet. Let the diet in these feuers be chieflie this that followeth. In them that haue bene let bloud, minister to them two houres after bloud letting, iuice of Ptisan, and commaunde quiet and rest. And when they are awaked out of sleepe, minister againe Ptysan broth. In this diet the patient must persist and continue vntill the third day. You must note, that in these feuers called Synochi, VVhen the sick should be fedde. the patientes must be fedde at such time as hayle folke are wont to eate, and when they feele most ease: for so they shall the easilier suffer & beare their foode. And if they be strong and lustie, and you looke for the vigour and state of the feuer straight way, the patient must vse a most thinne and scarce diet. But contrariwise if he be weake and feeble, you cannot minister a thinne diet to him without perill. Therefore in giuing of meate to the patient, you must diligentlie foresee, and ponder his strength and abilitie. He that desireth to knowe more of this kind of feuer as touching the Cure of it, let him reade Galene in lib. 7. therapeut. meth. cap. 5.

CAP. IIII. Against continuall Feuers. DE C0NTINVIS FEBRIBVS.

Febris cōtinua FEBRIS continua in Latine, Synechis in Greeke, in English it is called a continuall feuer. It is a feuer that leaueth not of altogether betweene the fits but it hath a certaine sensible slaking of heate betweene the fits.Causae. A continuall feuer is caused, when one onely humour doth putrifie and rot within the vesselles. And there be three differences of this feuer according to the diuersitie of the humour that putrifieth in the veines:Three differē ces of cōtinuall feuers. for if choler do putrifie within the vesselles, it ingendreth a continuall Tertian, which the Greekes call causos, in Latine it is called ardens febris, in English a burning feuer. If fleume do putrifie & rot within the veines, it ingendreth a cō tinuall Quotidian: but if melancholie do putrifie within the veines, it kindleth a continuall Quartaine.Signa. There is not a more certaine signe of a continuall feuer, then that, none of them do come to intermission and slaking altogether betweene the fittes, vntill the feuer be quite ended & quenched. Their other signes are common with the intermitting feuers: for an exquisite burning feauer or continuall Tertian, hath all the other signes of an exquisite intermitting Tertian: differing onely in this, that it doeth not inuade and begin with vehement cold & stiffenesse, neither doth it end in quiet and rest. Likewise a continual Quotidian hath all the signes of an exquisite intermitting Quotidian, but it only differeth from it because it doth not intermit and slake betweene the fits. In like maner the continuall Quartaines haue the signes of intermitting Quartaines, but that they come not to quiet and rest betweene the fits. Seing it is euident by that which we haue said, that continuall feuers be [Page 179] of the kind of rotten feuers. It is necessarie for him,A compendiū of curing in feuers. that will cure them commodiouslie and rightlie, first to stop and let the putrifying and rotting: Therefore two things must be taken heede of at the first, wherof one is the feuer, another is the rottennesse. And in the feuer you must also regard two things, the one that the portion of the feuer, which is now kindled & enflamed, may be cured and quenched: the other is, that the portion of the feuer which is not yet kindled may be letted & stopped. Also two things must be cōsidered concerning the rottennesse, one is, that the rottennesse alreadie engendred, may be healed, the other is, to let and stop that which is readie to engender putrifaction. That which is readie to ingender, is caused through perspiration and breathing out, if it be impedite and letted. So that of this other two considerations do spring: first that the humour which is withholden, may be purged and emptied out: secondarily to prohibite and keepe in, that which is to be with holden and kept backe. It will be prohibited with those remedies, which do heale obstructions. Againe note, that the obstructions, which are engendred, must be cured, and they which are to com must be letted & driuen back away. You shal cure that obstructiō, which is alreadie ingendred, by those things that do loosen, deliuer and open obstructions. And you shall driue away and stop the obstructions, which are to come, if you bridle and stop the fluxe of obstructiue and stopping humours, whereby it appeareth euidently, that the last thing which we haue founde in this Compendium of curing, that must be done first in the working of the cure.There be fiue things to consider in feuer [...]. Seing that therefore (when wee haue examined the matter perticularlie) there be fiue thinges in continuall feuers, from the which, consideracions in curing be gathered (that is) the feuer, rottennesse, perspiration impedite and letted, obstruction and abundance of obstructiue humours.Curatio. You must beginne the Cure with the last cō sideration. Therefore seing that the aboundance of humours, that cause obstructions, doth require purging and emptying out: in the beginning, if vertue be strong in the patient, and if time of the yeare, and his age, and other thinges do agree, you must let him bloud.Bloudletting. You must then specially let him bloud, when the whole bodie swellleth more then it was wont to doe, or when the veynes be swollen vp, or stretched out, for that doe [...]h signifie aboundance of bloud. When the multitude of humours are voided and emptied out, you must next come to the curing of obstructions, and you must minister medicines, whereby obstructions may be taken awaye. But because most of those medicines be hoate, it is to be feared, lest they should increase both the rottennesse, and also the feuer.How obstructions [...]hould be healed. O [...]ymed. Therefore you must vse to minister those thinges that can deliuer the patient from obstructions without heate. What those thinges be, wee haue declared before in the seconde Chapter of this Booke. When those humours that caused the obstructions be deuided, cut and scoured, you must assay to voide and emptie them out by the wombe or guttes, by the vrine, and by sweattes. But seeing those thinges, which should bring this to passe, be hote, of necessitie the rottennesse and the feuer must be encreased by them. Therefore as much, as we maye, we must labour to choose such a thing, as doeth heate but little, or, if wee can finde anie, that doeth not heate at all, (as in this case a Bath,) you must vse that. Galene teacheth in libro tertio de tuenda sanitate, capite tertio, that a bath can do this.Bathing doth coole. For he sayeth, that the strength of sweete waters made hoate, if they be temperate, be hoate and moist, but if they be warmed, they be colde and moyst. And a litile after he sayeth, A bath, if ir be discreetlie vsed, it mollifieth the harde, and stretched partes, and it bringeth foorth excrementes or moltinges, if anie sticke within the skinne. These thinges being done, and those humours scoured out, which were compact togither in the skinne, so that the obstruction and perspiration impedited be taken away, you must come to the Cure of the rottennesse.Cure of putrifaction. Therefore at this time you must first corroborate and restore the strength, whereby it may exuperate, and ouercome the rottennesse, and be able to digest the humoures. And you shall heale the putrifaction and rottennesse, if you do voide and emptie out by all meanes, that which is corrupted & putrified. That which is left still within, you must bring it to an exqulsite meane by moderate motions, and coole breathinges, and you shall worke the emptying out of the humoures by vrine, egestions, vomiting, and sweattes. Last of all you must proceede to the curing of the feuer,Cure of the feuer. which must be done by cooling thinges. For euerie feuer, inasmuch as it is a feuer, must be remedied by cooling [Page 180] and moystening thinges. But to knowe, howe eche of these thinges should be rightlie done it is partlie rehearsed before, and partly it shall follow here after. In continuall Feuers, whose state or vigour of the disease will come at the furthest within seuen dayes, if their strength be lustie, and their age agreeing to it, you must ordeine them a verie exquisite and thinne diet.Diet. But in the continuall feuers, whose vigour, force, and state is longer then seuen dayes after the beginning, or if vertue be weake and feeble, at the first you must feede them liberallie, when the vigour and state draweth neare, their diet must be more scarce, but in the state and vigour of the disease you must feede them most thinnely and scarslie. Afterward againe, augment his diet, and feede him most, encreasing his diet, in like case as the vigour and state of the feuer doeth minish, as Hippocrates sayeth in the first section of his Aphorismes.Aphor. 10

CAP. V. Of a burning Feuer. DE ARDENTE FEBRE.

Continua Tertiana. ARDENS febris in Latine, Causos in Greeke, in English it is called a continuall Tertian, or a burning feuer. It is of the kinde of continuall feuers, as is declared in the former Chapter. And it is caused when choller putrifieth and rotteth within the veynes. Therefore it agreeth with an exquisite intermitting Tertian, because it is ingendred of the same humour that the other is. But yet it differeth from it in that,Difference betweene a burning feuer & a Tertian. that in an intermitting Tertian, the choler is caried all ouer the bodie: but in a burning feuer the choler is contained in the vesselles together with the bloud. Hereupon it commeth that the fittes in a burning feuer do not intermit nor slake. But when the choler in them is stirred more vehementlie, and is driuen about, by nature waxing strong, then there is wont to come vehement colde and rigour, & the feuer endeth. Which Hippocrates declareth 4 Aphoris. 58. saying, he that is taken with a burning feuer, if vehement colde and rigour come vppon it to him, he is deliuered from the disease.Signa. A burning feuer is knowen by these signes, their tong that haue this feuer is drie, grosse, rough and blacke, there is gnawing of the stomach, intollerable thirst, watchinges, and also manie times rauinge, and egestions of the wombe be liquide and pale,Diet. which signes Hippocrates rehearseth in libro quarto Ʋict. Acutorum. They which haue this feuer let them lye in a colde place, and in a sweete ayre, from whence pure winde commeth. Also let them lye in a softe fetherbed, which must be made often, let the coueringes be verie thinne and cleane: which must be continuallie chaunged, and let his bedde be of a great widenesse, that he may easilie mooue his members that be hoate to other colde places of the bedde. And if the ayer be quiet, stirre it with a fanne, or such like. You must giue him meates that haue vertue to coole and moist, as is, lettuse, gourdes, sorrell, ptisan broth and such like. Let his drinke be water, wherein a little cinnamon hath bene sodden, or veriuyce. If the sicke haue vsed it, or if no other thing do let it, after meate giue him cold water a spoonefull or two, or mixe Iulep of violetts, or some lulep of roses, or such like, with decoction of barley. Moreouer the stomach must be refreshed with iuice of roses. And other coolinges must be vsed, as strewinge of the floore with greene vine leaues, and with the leaues and floures of roses, water lillies, and violets, and by sprinkling & pouring often of cold water in the floore vp and downe. For the Cure in the beginning straigh way,Curatio. you must cut a veine, if age, time, vertue & strength will permit it. Heruppon Hippocrates saith in the Aphorismes thus. In great burning feuers, if bloud be drawne till the hart faint, by and by the state of the whole bodie is cooled, and the feuer is quenched. In manie also a lape is caused,Outward medicines. and sweats flowe foorth. Afterward let the brest and stomach be nourished with dates brayed with oyle of roses, or of quinces, or of water lillies. Also other cooling medicines be good, as be, vine buddes brayed, endiue, succorie, knotgrasse, lettuse, sorrell, vine leaues and such like. Also a fine napkin folded together, and dipped in oyle and water made hote, and applied to the breast and stomach. It ceaseth the burning [Page 181] of feuers marueilously. Also a handfull of woll sooked in water, & oile of roses bet greatly, & being holden vp aloft to drop vpon the breast doth easily quench the vehemencie of the burning heat. These thinges must be hote, for warme thinges do dissolue the strength, and vigour of the members. Neither shall you rashly also commixe vineger against vehement burning feuers. You may not applie epithemes nor other cooling medicines in the beginning and increasing of the fit: for at that time the affect of the body is driuen aboue, & the heate is in the inward members: therfore cold thinges applied do driue the heate to the innermost partes, & be an occasion of greater hurte, for fiery heate being oppressed and stopped within, it raiseth a more vehemēt & burning heate againe. Therfore in the force, strength & vigour of the fittes, when the heate is already spred ouer all the body, these cold thinges may well be applied for then the residue of the vnnaturall heate which remaineth about the inward members may readily be quēched. Hereupon the patiēt will begin to breath better, & shalbe troubled with an easier thirst. Also some by breathing out of a dewy vapour do fall on sleep.Epithema. The epithemes which you must vse in this feuer, is this, ℞ of rose water, & lettuse water, ana. ℥.iij.ss. waters of endiue & succotie, ana. j.ss. good vinegre. ℥.j. all the three saunders of eche. ℥.ss. sead of purcelaine. gra. iiij. cōmixe altogether & make an epitheme. Moreouer when the vigour & strength of the sicknesse is at hand, you may safely minister pure cold water,VVhen cold water ma [...] be ministered. if none of these thinges which be rehearsed in the third Chapter, do let it. And if feare of any hurte, although it be very litle, do let it, you shall minister the first draught refrained after this sort. Take one cupfull of temperate water, & commixe fiue cupsfull of pure cold water with it, and so minister it to suspect bodies. To conclude in the curing of burning feuers, you must needes bring to passe one of these thinges, that either the cholerike humours may be voided and emptyed out,Not [...]. or else that they may be quenched within. They may be voided & emptied out by sweates, vomites & egestiōs. They may be quenched by drinking of cold water wherwith very oftē great burning feuers haue bene cured quite and cleane.To whome a bathe is good. A bathe of sweet water is good onely to them which haue a burning feuer without any swelling, tending to the nature of an inflammation or Erisipela. But & if signes of concoction do appeare in the vrine, it is much more conuenient for the patient. Let the sicke which in a vehemēt burning feuer desireth to vse a cold bathe be young & of a moderate state of the body, as also Hyppocrates witnesseth and monisheth. Neither let it be done to him in Sommer time, & in hote times of the yeere, and in the vigour and strength of the feuer, and let it be one, that hath vsed to wash in cold water in his health. But when the feuer waxeth more moderate, and vertue is stronger, and if there be signes of concoction together with it. A bath of sweete and temperate water is sufficient and doeth good. For annointinges, oile of chamomill doeth good, specially if the weather be cold.Vncti [...]n [...]. But the aboundance of matter, wheron you should make competent remedies against burning feuers, you shall find in the Chapiters following.

CAP. VI. Of a pure intermitting Tertian. DE EXQVISITA TERTIANA INTERMITTENTE.

EXQVISITA tertiana febris intermittens in Latine, an exquisite and pure intermitting tertian feuer in english.Causae. It is caused of choler caried by the sensible partes of the bodie, and by the proper nature of it, it remaineth pure, sincere and vnmixed. Therefore seing it is ingendred of choler that is sincere and pure, and not commixed with any other humour, it is called of the Phisitions exquisite.Signae. This feuer engendreth in persons that be cholerike by nature and in their flourishing age, in sommer time, in hote and drie regions, and when the weather is hote and drie, and in bodies oppressed with labours, watchings, cares, deepe thoughtes and burning of the sunne. Also this feuer by and by in the beginning, and in euerie fitte causeth a vehement cold, rigour, and stiffenesse, and by this meanes it differeth from a burning feuer, as is before rehearsed. And the cold in this feuer differeth from the cold in a quartaine feuer thus,Differences of coldnesse in a tertian and quartaine. because in this feuer the patient thinketh his bodie were pricked, and as it were vlcerated. But in a quartaine the cold seemeth to the patient like the colde that haile folke feeele in winter time. Therfore a tertian feuer doth [Page 182] not chaunce without vehement rigour and could, pricking and wounding in the flesh: but a quartaine feuer doth not by and by the first daie inuade the patient with vehement rigour and colde. For as it proceedeth forward and increaseth: so also the rigour and cold encreaseth, and the patient doth not feele pricking, but rather feeleth great cold, and as it were nipped to the bone with it. There is in a tertian feuer an exact and perfect order and equalitie of the pulses: but yet in the encreasing of the fittes, the pulses are raised and prouoked to vehemencie, greatnesse and fregnencie. Moreouer in the vigour and force of the feuer, it causeth thirst, and burneth vp the patient, so that he casteth of the clothes, to make him bare, and naked, and he breatheth largely and often, and he bloweth out as it were a flame of fire, and requireth to drinke cold water. Afterward the heate spreadeth equallie all ouer the bodie, so that the breast is no hotter, then the extreame partes and members. And when you laie your hand vpon him, at the first touching you shall feele much gnawing, and byting heat, brusting out as it were with a certaine vapour & moisture: but not long after your hand will vanquish it, if you do holde it still. Moreouer there followeth this feuer vomiting of choler, and the bellie is laxatiue, and they pisse vrine that is cholerike, subrufe, and somewhat yealow and moderately thicke. Also their vrine hath by and by a white cloud, or a laudable sublation in the middes. If the vrine be redder, and if in the first fitte there do appeare, neither sublation in the middes, nor cloud, the feuer will extend and remaine seuen fittes. Moreouer this feuer leaueth of till another fitte, when the fitte hath endured the space of xij. houres at the most. For this is the longest time of a fitte in true and pure tertians. But sometime the fitte is shorter then the aforesaid space of time, hauing difference more or lesse according to the quantitie and qualitie of choler within, or because of the strength of the patient, or through the present affect of the patientes bodie at that present time. Therefore we name that an exact and pure tertian feuer, which endeth his fitte within twelue houres: but that which hath a longer fitte, that is not called an exquisite tertian, but an extended and stretched out tertian. And if the feuer doth inuade the patient daily with vehement rigour and cold, and with the signes aforesaid of the vrine and pulses, as also of other thinges afore rehearsed: then it is called duplex tertiana, Signes of a doub [...]e tertian. a double tertian. But as for an exquisite tertian, because it is engendred of pure choler moued about, you must moisten it and coole it, as much as you maie possiblie by all meanes. For this humour (as Galen witnesseth) is the hottest & driest among all the other that be in the body. Let the sicke lie therfore in a colde place against a sweete and pleasaunt aier. Also you maie not suffer many to be in the house, because they should make it hote with their breath. Let the floore be sprinkled often with cold water, and with rose water, violet water and such like. And streue on the floore willow leaues, floures of roses, violettes, water lillies and such like.Victus ratio. Let the patientes vse meates that haue vertue and power to coole, and moisten. And you must giue him so much of them, as he can very well digest. Let his potherbes be orache, beates, spinache, mallowes, lettuse, gourdes, sorrell, endiue, succorie, & such like. Also giue him ptisan broathe, and soupinges made with alica. Of fishes, let him eate such as liue in grauelly places: for such, besides that they do coole & moisten, they engender good iuice, and are easie to digest. Of foules let him eate them that be soft of flesh, as be chickens and partriche, doues, yong sparrowes, feasauntes and such like: but of those, that haue not soft flesh, let him eate their winges, which are without excrementes, because of their often exercises. Also he may eate cockes stones, and sowes feete, for they be without excrementes, because they are exercised: and their braines, specially if they be well sodden. Also, if you minister the flesh of pigges well sodden, you shall not hurte, for so it may the easilier be consumed of the stomache. Also reare egges, which be but onely hote through, may be suffred specially the yolkes of them: for they be easier to digest then the whites, and they do coole meanly. You maye suffer him to eate fiuictes, which be not very hard to digest, as be chearies, proines, mulbearies. He must abstaine from hony, because it will easily turne into the choler,Potus. and from mustard, salte meates, and all sharpe thinges. Also you must keepe the sicke altogether from wine, vntill the disease be digested, and let him drinke in the meane season, water, wherin a litle cinnamon hath bene sodden. Or let him vse to drinke this, ℞. iulep of violettes. ℥.iiij. water wherin a litle cinnamon hath bene sodden. lb.j. commixe them together, and powre them out of one vessell into another, often. But when the disease beginneth [Page 183] to digest, you must giue him in the beginning a litle wine, that is thinne and alayed with water, and giue him more liberally of it, when the ende of the disease is at hande. This is the order of diet for many, but not for all men: for they that are not deintily brought vp, but do liue hardly, and are strong of nature, you must ordeine for them a thinner diet (that is) let them be contented with ptisan brothe vntill the iudgement of the feuer.No sleepe in fittes. As for sleeping they may not sleepe in their fittes, but rather let them watche, that therby the bloud and spirites, and naturall heate may be letted, & stopped from creeping to the inward members, and contrarywise may therby be drawen to the outward partes: for otherwise the feuers will scarce be dissolued, and they will come very slowly to their state, and fluxes will increase and be multiplied: when the fitte is ended sleepe is not hurtefull. The patient must eschew exercises, and all other vehement motions. Also let him ref [...]aine perturbations of the minde, specially, anger, feare, sorrow, and such like.Curatio. But you may not onely vse the diet before prescribed, bu [...] also you must minister medicines to the patient which can coole and moisten. In the beginning to quenche the boyling of choler, and to mitigate the cholerous heat, let him vse this decoction, ℞. of flours of violettes, borage, and red roses,A decoction to digest choler. ana. Mj. flours of water lillies, M.ss. endiue, succorie, lettuce, ana. M.j.ss. of raisons picked. ℥.j. damascene proines, number .ij. seedes of endiue, succorie lettuce, purcelaine, gourdes, ana. ʒ.iij. of the roote of succorie, ʒ.vj. seeth altogether in lb.ij. of well water, vntill the third parte be consumed, then straine it and make the licour of that decoction sweete with sugar, and purifie it with the white of an egge, then adde to it sirupe of endiue, with the broad leaues, and iulep of violettes, ana. ℥.ij.ss. commixe them together and make a potion, & let the sicke drinke therof euery morning fasting. ℥.iiij.ss. But and if the sicke be more delicate, & do abhorre potions,M [...]sturae. let him take daily of this medicine, ℞. of conserues of violettes, borage, roses, water lillies, and succorie, ana. ℥.ss. electuarium de prunis damascenis without diagredium. ʒ.vij. diarrhodon abbatis. ℥.j. diatrion santalon in powder. ℥.ij. of iulep of violettes asmuch as is sufficient to commixe them and make a loche. Moreouer you must remoue the cause of the feuer,Vacuation. which you shall do, if you emptie out the cholerike humour. Therfore you must emptie out the choler which is crept into the stomache by prouoking vomite.Vomiting. By what meanes you may prouoke vomite it is declared in the former bookes. The choler which is caried downward, it is best to emptie it out by a laske of the wombe: which also is wonte to come somtime of it selfe in an exquisite tertian. Vomiting should be prouoked chiefly in the beginning of the fit, for at that time, nature is wont to thrust in choler thether: as in the inclinatiō & slaking of the fit, nature thrusteth it to the neither partes & to the skin. Therfore at that time you must cast in an easly & soft clister, that they may both bring out the choler easily, & that also by their gentlenes, the sharpnes of the choler which is wont to vexe & gnaw the guttes, may be stopped & broken. Make therfore such a clister. ℞. of mallowes, leaues of purple violettes, mercury,Clister. endiue & succorie. ana. M.j. sead of purcelaine & of melōs. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. seeth them all in sufficient quātitie of water, till the third part be consumed, straine it, & adde to the licour of that decoctiō, the marow of casia fistula newly drawen. ℥.j. oile of violettes. ℥.iij. common salte, ʒ.j.ss. commixe them & make a clister. Also you must empt [...] out choler by prouoking of vrine & sweattes specially, if it be caried thither by nature. This thing you may well do by medicines that prouoke vrine,Prouokers of vrine. but not by all such, but by those that can do it without drying. Therefore you must prouoke vrine with potions wherin apium or dill hath bene infused or wet. And if signes of concoction do appeare, then you may minister wormwood softly,Absynthium. which is a speciall remedy for the stomache, when it is vexed with choler: specially if you take of the [...]ppes of it asmuch as is sufficient, and infuse it in [...]licratum, that is, wine & hony sodden together: for it purgeth choler out of the wombe and stomache by egestion, and out of the veines it purgeth it by vrine. You shall prouoke sweating with this, and such like medicine. ℞. rootes of apium, To prouoke sweate. sperage and succorie, ana. ℥.ss. of the seedes of percely, fennell, bruscus, and louage, ana. ʒ.ij. blacke cicers. ʒ.iij. dill. M.ss. seeth all in sufficient quantitie of water that runneth vnto the third parte, then let it be strained, and make it sweete with suger, adding to it oxymel compositum. ℥.ij. and make a potion. Or beate all the aforesaid thinges into powder, and minister of it euery time. ʒ.j. or ʒ.j.ss. with ℥.iij. of oxymel simplex. These medicines which prouoke sweat, must be ministred in the declination of the fitte, or on that daye, that the sicke hath not his feuer. For this purpose [Page 184] also annointinges with oiles of chammomil, dill, and such like, are not a litle profitable. Moreouer hote bathes of sweete and potable water do profit two wayes,B [...]thes of so [...]ie water. both bycause they prouoke out some of the choler, as also because of their qualities, they do much good: for such bathes do moisten and coole. But bathes of Sea water, salt water, salt peter water, and brimstone water, they bring out more choler, but they profit much lesse thē potable waters. Therefore it is best not to call them profitable, seeing they doe more hurte by drying, then they do good by emptying and voiding, for the remedies must haue contrary, qualities to the humours that haue inuaded against nature: for that doeth more commoditie, then the emptying by any meanes (as Galenus witnesseth ad glauconem,) by the which wordes it is euident that emptyinges and purginges in an exquisite tertian doth but litle please Galene. Specially those emptyinges that are done by bloud letting, and by a vehement purging medicine, for all such kind of purging medecines be of a hote facultie and qualitie. But seeing this feuer is the hotest of all other, therefore it rather desireth to be cooled and moistened, then to be vehemently purged. It rather permitteth and requireth emptyinges by other meanes, and specially when nature laboureth and assayeth to driue out the humour. Also nature must be holpen, if of it selfe it be not able to performe her entent. As for a bathe this is the effect and scope of it, therby to haue the bodie weat and moistened. Therefore you must strewe in, neither salt peter, nor salt, nor mustard seed, but it is good to poure much oile, being made hote, [...]aintum. vpon the patient, & to bring him into the bathe & to wash him. And if he will swimme in it, you may suffer him to do it as long as he can. And they that are delighted in bathing if you suffer them to washe twise in a daye, you shall not do amisse. But you must haue this in memorie, that it be opportunatly, and done in due time, for if signes of concoction do now appeare, then if you washe him oftener, you shall not erre from Galenes doctrine.

CAP. VII. Against a bastardly tertian. DE TERTIANA NOTHA.

A Bastardly tertian is caused, when choler is mixed for the most parte with fleume.Causae. Hereupon it commeth that all the signes of this feuer, do not declare the nature of pure and sincere choler,Signa. as in an exquisite tertian they do. In this feuer also the time of the fittes doth exceede 12. houres, neither is this iudged in seuen fittes, as an exquisite tertian is. Moreouer in this bastardly tertian, the signes of concoction do appeare more slowly, neither is there such great heate in the vigour and state of this feuer, as in the exquisite tertian. Besides all these, it doeth not ende with aboundance of sweate,Diet. as an exquisite tertian doeth. Therefore the diette in this feuer must not be altogether cooling and moistening, as it is in an exquisite tertian: but let it haue some power and vertue to heate, cut and deuide: for the choler in this feuer is grosser, neither is it so hote. They therefore that haue this feuer, maye profitiblely take brothe of ptisan, wherin some pepper is put, and you must giue them mulsa to drinke, wherein hath bene sodden hisope, origan, and spikenard. Also you must giue them soupinges and brothes easie to digest. Moreover seeing the time of the fitte is long, and so endureth a whole daye, you may not giue him meate daily but eache other daye: for by this meanes we shall beware and take heede, that nature be not called awaye from her office and worke, and so the disease should be increased: for you must onely take heede that the disease doth not increase, and that the strength of the sicke, which must striue and fight a great while, be not weakened, debilitate and cast downe. But it is hard to keepe and saue both, because hunger looke how much it profiteth to the digestion of the disease, and so much or more it hurteth and debilitateth the strength. And meates, looke how much they increase the patientes strength and so much they hinder, and let concoction and digestion. To conclude therefore, you must vse hunger to them that be strong and lustie, and their disease hard to digest. And you must feede them more largly, whose strength is debilitate and weake, and their disease not stubborne for to digest.Potus. Let their drinke be water, in which a litle cinnamon and some hysope, or origan [Page 185] hath bene sodden. Quiet and rest is good for them, but exercises do hurte them: for this doth call fourth outwardly nature, and naturall heate, which should concoct & digest crude matter within. For the cure, if you may let the patient bloud, you may not faile to do it,Curatio. but by and by in the beginning, if the age, time, region, and state of the bodie will permit it, you must draw out so much bloud, as the present state of the bodie requireth and will suffer.Bloud letting. By the present state, vnderstand the state aswell of the patient, as of the disease: for the sicke, if he be strong, may suffer bloud letting, if not, the contrary: if the disease remaine, and be caused through aboundance of humours, it requireth bloud letting not a meane quantitie, but according to the aboundance of them. But when the disease will endure long through cruditie, and lacke of digestion, you must drawe out but a meane quantitie of bloud, that the strength of the patient may be kept and endure vntill the ende of the disease. Also you must cast into the bellie not verie easie clisters,Clister. that they may bring fourth the sluggish and hurtfull matter, and make them thus, ℞. mallowes, mercurie, leaues of violettes, origan, and hysope, an. M.j. seede of cardamum. ʒ.iij. seeth altogether in sufficient quantitie of water, and adde to the licour of that decoction, benedicta laxatiua, hierapicra, an. ʒ.iij. mel rosarum. ʒ.vj. oiles of violettes and chammomill, an. ℥.j.ss. common salte. ʒ.ij. and make a clister. Also you must minister to the patient decoctions made of such thinges as can cut, and deuide,Decoctum. and also prouoke vrine without any great heating and drying. As this is, ℞. rootes of apium, fennell, and succorie, an. ℥.j. endiue, succorie, origan, and hysope, an. M.j. lettuse. M.j.ss. the foure common cold seedes, an. ʒ.j. seedes of fennell and apium, an. ʒ.j.ss. seeth all these in two poundes of water, vntill the third parte be consumed. Then straine it, and make the licour sweete with sugre, and purifie with whites of egges the streined licour. Then adde to it [...] rupus acetosus simplex, mel rosarum clarified, oxymel simplex, an. ℥.j.ss. and make a potion, wherof minister daily euery morning ℥.iiij. After these you must minister such medicines,Purgatio. as do emptie the belly gently, as is infusion or ruberbe, electuarium e psillio, and diaphanicon and such like, which are able by themselues, or mixed with other to bring & purge out choler together with fleume. Wherof we haue rehearsed many in our former bookes. After the seuenth day you may minister continually decoction of wormewood: [...] also oxymel [...]ronke alone helpeth many. Also vomiting after meate is so healthfull, and profitable to these olde and inueterate feuers▪ that many (as Galene witnesseth in lib. 1. ad glauconem) haue bene cured with this one remedie. For a feuer which hath continued longe, doth ingender and breed many flegmatike excrementes in the stomache, which being cast out by vomiting, the patient is deliuered from the feuer. Also the sides must be nourished with hote medicines, that therby the windes and bolning, which strecheth them out, may be dissolued and dispersed. Among other this foment is verie good, ℞. floures of chammomill, melilote, and dill,Fomentum. an. M.j. wormewood. M.ss. red roses. M.j. lineseede and fenugreeke, an. ʒ.iij. boile these in sufficient quantitie of water, vnto the third parte, then dippe a sponge in it, and nourish the sides therwith. Also it profiteth to annoint the stomache with this, or such a like ointment,Vnguentum. ℞. oiles of masticke, roses and chammomill, an. ʒ.iij. of cloues. ʒ.j.ss. waxe asmuch as is sufficient, and make an ointment. Moreouer bathing in this feuer is not healthfull, before that, [...]. signes of cō coction do appeare, because crude and rawe humours, which should be digested within, are brought out by it to the skinne, and so it doeth increase obstructions.

CAP. VIII. Of a quartaine feuer. DE QVARTANA FEBRE.

AN exquisite quartaine is another kind of the intermitting feuers,Causae. which is ingendred onely of a melancholie humour, putrifying and rotting without the vessells.Signae. This feuer doth not by and by in the beginning inuade the patient with vehement rigour and cold the first daie, but it is like to them that are cold in winter through vehement frost: but when the feuer hath continued and proceeded forward and is increased, then also the rigour and cold increaseth with it, and waxeth [Page 186] greater and stronger daily, till the whole disease be come to his full increase and force. And the cold doth not seeme to the patient as it were pricking and vexing the skinne, as it doth in an exquisite tertian, but there is caused vehement cold, and as it would breake the bones. Their pulses are verie rare and slow in the beginning of the fittes, but when the feuer is in his full force, or also when it is increased, then of necessitie the pulses are swift and often: but yet they do keepe their naturall slownesse and raritie, if you consider the swiftnesse and frequencie comming in the fittes. But the mouing of the heate, the increasing, and the vigour, and force of this feuer is cleane contrarie to that in tertian feuers. For in this feuer the melācholy humour is kindled and inflamed by litle and litle, as it were a stone, or a shell, or a bone, or some other such like cold and drie bodie. And when that any flame or heate is kindled in it, then in the fitte it leaueth nothing fumous or smokie, but it burneth and consumeth it. And therefore there is longer ceasing and intermission of this humour,Cause of long intermission [...]n quartaine fittes. betweene the fittes, then there is in fleume. And the intermission and ceasing betweene the fittes seemeth to be exquisite and pure without any greefe at all: because in this feuer, looke how much melancholie is kindled and inflamed, and so much in the time of the fitte is dispersed, consumed, and drawen out cleane. Moreouer in a quartaine feuer there followeth not vomiting vp of choler. Their vrines are thinne, white and waterie, and as it were strained from a grosser matter. Also this feuer beginneth speciallie in Autumne or Haruest, comming after erratike feuers. But you must behold both the nature of the patient, and his temperament, also his diet vsed before, his age, the region, and other such like. For if those thinges de cold and drie, then you maie looke more surely, that a quartaine feuer will ensue, speciallie if at that time, quartaines be rife among the people. They that haue a quartaine feuer, in the beginning they must be handled and ordered moderately and gently, [...] neither maie they be vexed with any vehement medecine, or by vehement emptying and purging: for the humour which causeth the quartaine, is stubburne to be drawne and handled. Therfore in the beginning, and before it be digested, it will hardly and scarcely follow the medicine that draweth it: and that because of his grossenesse and coldnesse, and also because it stoppeth the narrow wayes, by the which it should passe out.Bloud letting. Yet if bloud doe seeme to abound much, then you must take awaie that. And if when you haue stricken a veine, the bloud that commeth out, do appeare blacke and grosse, as for the most parte it doth in diseases of the splene, you maie then boldly draw it out. For great aboundaunce of such bloud being drawen out, nature will get the vpper hand in digesting the rest of the humour, and will make the feuer shorter. You must cut the innermost veine of the left arme, which is called lienaris vena, the spleene veine, or mediana: for this veine emptieth out the melancholie humour, speciallie from the splene, which is wonte to be diseased in a quartaine feuer: but if, when the veine is striken, the bloud doth appeare thinne, and yealowish, you must stoppe it by and by: for such an humour is not vnprofitable in a quartaine, but it correcteth and amendeth the grosse and cold humour, aswell bycause of his substaunce,Diet. as also with his qualitie. You must ordeine for the patient a verie good diet, such one as is not windie, and ingendreth good iuice. Therefore you must keepe the sicke from swines flesh, and from all other meates that be grosse, toughe and clammie, and slow of digestion. Moreouer, let him abstaine from all thinges which doe coole and drie the bodie. He must eate birdes that liue vpon mountaines, and do engender good iuice: for those that do liue in fennes and marishes, they be vnwholesome and full of execrementes, and do ingender a grosse humour. He must vse fishes of grauellie waters, which be soft and without toughnesse, but in this feuer salte thinges and mustard must be ministred in meates, that they maie extenuate, cut, and deuide, the grosse and clammie humours, and that they maie consume and feede vp the superfluous humiditie and moisture. [...]. They must vse wine, that is white, thinne, and meanly hote: for that by the thinnesse of it doth extenuate the grossenesse of the melancholie humour, and by the meane heate that it hath, it heateth the bodie by litle and litle, which is cooled with the melancholious humour, and it helpeth digestion and also prouoketh vrine. They maie not altogether be kept and refraine from frictions, deambulations, and other occustomed exercises (that is to saie) you must suffer them to vse exercises, but not so much as they did in their health. Neither maie they vse frictions, deambulations, and other excercises of the bodie so often, nor so vehemently as they did in their health, for [Page 187] that would cause perill and daunger of obstructions. But if exercises be vsed moderately, and that in the time of intermission betweene the fittes, they will voide out excrementes and bring other commodities which Galene rehearseth in lib. 2. de tuenda sanitate. They must altogether abstaine from bathing if they can,Balneum. and be content onely with frictions and rubbinges: for although bathing, because it doth heate, doeth profit, yet, because it calleth forth humours outwardly, it bringeth perill of obstruction, specially when the bodie doth abound with excrementes. And if the quartaine be shorte, and not violent, it is not hurtfull in the intermission betweene the fittes, when the patientes haile daies be, if he vse his wonted exercises. As for the bellie if it can be by anie meanes it must be kept soluble, either with his accustomed meates, or with medicines mixed with them, or with clisters first gentle and easie, and after sharper: for you must increase their strength and sharpnesse by litle and litle, as the matter of the feuer doth concoct and digest by litle and litle: for at the beginning (as is said before) you must handle and order these feuers gently and easily. You maie seeke examples of easie clisters out of the former Chapiters.Clister. A clister somewhat sharper is this that followeth ℞. mallowes, chammomill, mercurie, leaues of blacke violettes. an. M.j. leaues of seene, the rootes of polipodie. an. ʒ.v. hartistonge. M.j.ss. seeth all these in sufficient quantitie of water vntill the third parte. Then straine it and commixe with the licour of that decoction, the marowe of casia fistula. ℥.j. diasena laxatiua. ℥.ss. common oile. ℥.iij. mel rosarum. ℥.ss. salte gemme. ʒ.j. and make a clister. Within certeine daies, giue to the patient diatrionpiperion: but because it doth heat vehementlie, you maie not minister it dailie, whose making and vertue you must seeke out of Galene in lib. 4. de sanitate tuenda. Also (as Galene saieth) the patient shall do rightlie, if be drinke daily, onely pepper with water:P [...]per. for it heateth and dissolueth the grossenesse of mindie spirites and vapours, and it extenuateth and digesteth the crude and rawe humours, which are heaped and gathered vp together in the hipochonders and sides. And these thinges must be done from the beginning of the feuer, vntill it come to the vigour, force, and state. And if the sicke seeme now to be in the vigour and state of the disease, then he must vse a thinner diet, then he did before, or must do afterward, and you must command long quiet and rest to the patient, least nature being occupied about digesting of the matter of the disease, should be called from her office and worke. Afterward you must prouide and forsee the intrailes which are wonte to be swollen & stretched out with viscons,Prou [...]si [...]n f [...]r the mira [...]es. toughe and grosse humours and also with aboundance of windie spirites and vapours, which being dissolued and emptied out, the bowells waxe softe and are loosened. Therfore you must annoint them with those thinges which can mollifie and loosen, as be ointmentes which are made of barlie meale, sead of apium, rootes of ireos, rewe and such like.Vnguentum. Among other annoint the lefte side with this ointment. ℞. of oile of capers. ℥.iij. oile of ireos, and of sweete almondes, an. ʒ.ij. seedes of apium, and of comin, rootes of ireos, an. ℈.j. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment. After these thinges you must minister medecines, which haue vertue and power to prouoke vrine, & not before this time: for if you minister such thinges before the inward members be free from obstructiōs, because those medecines be hote, they carie the humours downe with them, and do increase the obstructions. For to prouoke vrine you must minister mulsa, wherin dill, or rewe,Prouokers of vrine. or else apium hath bene sodden. If signes of concoction do appeare, then you must straight waie vse purging medecines, which can purge out melancholie,Purgation of melancholie. and you maie not purge him once onely, but oftener, if the matter seeme to require it: for that melancholie cannot be brought out all at once, seeing the bodie is not able to suffer and beare so strong a purgation, as should purge out all that stubburne humour at once. You maie seeke examples of such medicines as doe purge out melancholie, out of the first booke in the Chapter of Melancholiousnesse. But yet aboue other thinges Aetius praiseth sweete wine infused in the inward parte of coloquintida, but so that you commixe with it some apium or daucus, to make it pleasaunt. After meate,Vomitus. you must prouoke vomite (if nothing let it) with white hellebore first commixed with radishe as is declared in the other bookes, which if it worke litle or nothing, you must minister hellebore by it selfe. And if anie man abhorre from hellebore, let him vse this or such like medicine. ℞. iuice of radish,Vomite. or distilled water of it. ℥.iij. oxymel simplex. ℥.ij. commixe them & make them warme to drinke, but they which cannot vomite, must be purged downward, [Page 188] such be they that haue a straight and slender breast. After purging you must giue them theriaca, or somewhat that is of like vertue, as is this. ℞. Liquoris cyrenaici, fine mirrhe, pepper of eache a like much, beate them by them selues, and commixe them with iuice of rewe, and make pilles therof, and minister the weight of. ℈.ss. They that minister any of these medicines at the beginning of the sickenesse, or at all, before the vigour, state, and force therof: they make of a simple quartaine oftentimes a double quartaine, or without doubt they make the single quartaine greater and more vehement: and of a double quartaine, they make a triple quartaine or else the double one is made greater.

CAP. IX. Of a quotidian feuer. DE QVOTIDIANA FEBRE.

QVOTIDIANA febris intermittens (that is) an intermitting quotidian feuer. It is ingendred of putrified and rotten fleume being thrust of nature by the sensible partes of the bodie.Causae. It is called of the Greekes amphimerina, because it causeth a fitte euerie daie. [...]. But if glasen fleume which is the coldest of all other fleumes, do putrifie by it selfe the one halfe of it (that is) if the whole substance of it do not putrifie equallie, but some parts of it do putrifie and some do not, then it ingendreth a feuer called Epialos febris:Epialos febris. in which the patient is feuerous, and vehementlie cold together, and at one present time he seeleth immoderate heate, and immoderate cold in all the partes of the bodie together. For parte of that humour, which is not putrified nor rotten as yet, being spread by all the veines, or in the rest of the bodie, ingendreth the rigour and cold, but,Signa. the other rotten parte of the humour ingendreth the feuer. A quotidian feuer doth not inuade the patient with rigour and vehement cold by and by the first daie, but in processe of time, it commeth rather like a cooling, then like a rigour. The pulse when the fitte beginneth is inordinate and vnequall, slow, litle, and weake. Neither also in the augmenting and increasing of the quotidian, is there swiftnesse of mouing of the pulses, nor greatnesse, nor vehemencie. The heate in this feuer is not so sharpe and vehement as it is in a tertian: for it neither burneth them, neither are they compelled to make naked their bodies, and to throw of their clothes, neither doth it compell them to breath much and often, and to blowe out of their mouthes as it were a flame, nor to desire to drinke cold water, but it is moist and smoky, and commixed with much vapour. Also it is hardly kindled, and it consumeth a longe time, vntill that, by increasing, it come to the force and state. Moreouer, they that haue this feuer, do not thirst, because not onely the tongue, but also the whole bodie in this feuer is most moist. The vrines in quotidian feuers either be white, and thinne, and waterie, or thicke, and troubled. There brusteth out no sweate at all in the first dayes, neither is there any exact and perfect rest from being feuerous. For the feuer remaineth eche time almost the space of 18. houres. There chaunceth also to them vomiting of fleume: and those thinges which are sent out by egestion, are colder, moister, cruder, more waterie, and more flegmatike. Also a quotidian feuer doeth chiefly, vexe them that be moiste, and flegmatike of nature. Also it chaunceth in a moist season, specially in winter that is cold and moist, and in olde folke and children. Hereupon Galene writeth, that he neuer saw a young man that was choletike and drie by nature, taken with this feuer: but they that be older, and most flegmatike, hauing a grosse substance of the body, and do liue an idle life, seruing their belly and giuen to drounkennesse, vsing bathing often and specially after meate, they are soone taken with this quotidian feuer.Victus ratio. Let the diet in this feuer be altogether extenuating, cutting and deuiding. Therefore you must now seeke such places, wherin we haue declared aboundantly, what kind of diet, it should be. In the first dayes (that is) when signes of cruditie and indigestion do yet appeare, the fleume must be deuided and cut, and the poores & passages that be stopped,Curatio. must be scoured and clensed. And therefore you must minister oxymell, because it doth scoure mightly, it cutteth and deuideth the glutinous and clammie humours, and it deliuereth the poores from obstructions. And you must minister those thinges which prouoke vrine, [Page 189] that (the fleume being already extenuated and deuided) may the more readily passe by the conduites, and be emptied out. Therefore it is good to minister decoction of the roote of apium, percely, ireos, fennell, and such other like often rehearsed before with sirupus acetosus compositus, and mel rosarum, and sirupus è duabus radicibus, and other that haue the vertue and power to extenuate, cut, and deuide. About the vigour and force of the feuer, you must take heed and haue regard to the stomache, and specially to the mouth of it. Therefore you must prepare those thinges, which (being applied outwardly,) may adde strength to the stomache, such as be, masticke, spikenard, wormwood, and such other like.Vnguentum. Therefore before meate vse this ointment. ℞. oiles of masticke, wormewood and narde, ana. ʒ.ij.ss. mastike, cloues, and wood of aloes, ana. ℈.v. cinnamon. ℈.j. with waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment, wherwith annoint the region of the stomache. The stomacke being strentgthened, you must compell vomiting, first by ministring of radishe, then after, meates must be eaten for so it lifteth vp the meates, and causeth the easier vomite. After he must vse medicines, that doe purge out fleume: for fleume vhen it is digest, may conueniently be purged. What medicines those be that can purge out fleume, it is euident in our other bookes, and this here suffiseth to cure a quotidian feuer.

CAP. X. Of a feuer ethicke. DE HECTICA FEBRE.

HECTICA febris in Latine, the feuer ethicke in English.Hectica febris. It is a feuer wherin an vnnaturall heate is not onely kindled in the spirites and humours, but now also it is kindled in the massie, sound, and fleshy partes, and members. This feuer knoweth no paine, and they that haue it, do thinke that they haue no feuer, neither do they perceiue or feele any heate, seeing all the membres of their body be equally heat, (as Galene declareth aboundantly in his booke de inaequals intemperie. The feuer ethicke is ingendred and caused two wayes. First,Causae. for the most parte of burning feuers, which haue continued so longe, that in processe of time they consume the humiditie and moisture, that is conteined in the body of the hearte, or also, if it resist more aboundantly, then those feuers are not onely ethickes, but also marasmodes (that is) consuming & melting feuers: for feuers being ingendred, (the humiditie yet still remaining) when they haue caught and occupied the bodie of the hearte, hereupon they are specially kindled and inflamed like the flame of a candle with a matche. And this is one way of ingendring of the feuer ethicke. Another way of ingendring of them is this, when they begin of them selues by and by, being ingendred as diary feuers be, either of sorrow, or anger, or ouermuch werynesse, together with burning of the heate of the sunne. The feuers that be thus ingendred, be not very hard to cure: but such feuers of these, as be turned into consuming and wasting, which the Greekes do call marasmos, through the negligence and ignorance of physitions, if those feuers be in their force and strength, and not as it were beginning still, [...]. it is not onely hard to cure these, but it is also impossible to remedy them. For the nature of them is hote and dry, so that the hearte is in like ease, as the snafte of a candle, when it is very much burnt. For when it is much burnt, it will breake and dissolue, and through drynesse fall a sounder, so that although you power aboundance of oile to [...]t, yet you cannot cause a geater flame to be kindled: for the flame being small and weake panteth alwayes vp and downe in it, and waxeth continually lesse and lesse, till it be altogether quenched out. Euen such is the feuer which is altogether marasmodes (that is) consuming.Signa. The feuer ethicke which turneth into marasmus or a consumption, is very ready and easie to know: for before you do consider the pulses and heate by touching them, you may see the eyes wonderful hollow, as thoughe they were hid in some ditches or furrowes, for then all the moist substance of them is exhaust and consumed, so that you maye see the bones of the eyebrowes sticke out. Also there hangeth on the haires of the eye liddes, dry gumme and filth, and vnclenly affectes, as is seene in them specially, that goe a long iourney in the dust, when the sunne burneth hote. Also the vitall [Page 190] flowre in them perisheth, and the skinne of their forehead is dry and retched out, and their eye liddes wincke often as though they were sleapy, but their disease is not to sleepe, but is rather impotency and debility to watche. Also the flesh of their temples is consumed, so that they seeme hollow places, for what other thing haue they but skinne and bone? for if you looke vpon their bare belly, it shall appeare to you, that neither bowell nor filme is lefte. The hypochonders and sides are pulled vpward to the breast. And if you touch their skinne, it is very drye, which if you take hold on with your fingers, and pull it vp, it is like the hide of a beast. The pulses be thinne, hard, weake and often. The heat when you lay your handes first on him doeth seeme weake: but a litle after it brusteth out sharp and gnawing more and more, if you hold your hand longe vpon him. Also this shalbe a great and vndubitate signe to you: when you do giue him meate, the heat is inflamed and increased, and the pulses are augmented in greatnesse and swiftnesse.Hectica febris. It is called a feuer Ethicke, so long as naturall humiditie and moisture is kept and reserued: but when it is to be doubted that there is left no more humidity and moisture in the body then it is an absolute & perfect consumption, which is called in Greeke marasmos. [...]. For the cure of a feuer ethicke before it come vnto consumption,Curatio. you must by all meanes coole it. And therfore the effect and summe of the whole cure doeth consist in these pointes (that is) to coole and moisten aswell with those thinges that be outwardly applied,A [...]er. as also by them that are ministred inwardly. Therefore let the ayer that the patient doth breath in be cold and moist. And if it be not so by nature, make it so by arte, as is taught before in the 6. Chapter,Diet. in the cure of the tertian. He must also vse meates, that do coole and moisten, as broth of ptisan, bread steeped a litle in cold water, the flesh of kiddes, feasauntes, birdes of the mountaines, cockes stones, capons flesh, reare egges, new cheese without salte, and fishes of grauelly waters, lettuse, endiue, succory, gourdes, spinache, mallowes and such like: cheries, proynes, pomegranattes, melons, figges, and such like. He must also take milke,L [...]c. for that profiteth him maruelously so that this feuer be not compounded and mixed with another feuer, that is ingendred of rottenesse of humours Let his drinke be cold water,Potus. but specially if the sicke haue bene vsed to it before. Let him drinke therof moderately, or let him drinke water wherin a litle cinnamon hath bene sodden, or wine that is watered and thinne. Moreouer it is good to them that haue this feuer, to eate meate often in a daye, that by that meanes they may beware and take heed that they eate great aboundance of meate at one meale, which vertue being weake should not be able to ouercome and digest. They must eschew immoderate mouing, and all thinges that can resolue and weaken the strēgth.Note. You may not minister any purging medicines to them that haue a feuer, ethicke: for purgations are hotter and vehementer, then they are able well to suffer: but if the belly be more bound, then it ought to be, you must loosen it with easie clisters, that can coole and moisten, adding to them marow of casia fistula. You must minister such thinges within the body, as haue vertue and power to coole and moisten. As among the compound medicines be these, sirupe of violettes, of water lillyes and of tame endiue, sirupus acetosus and such like. Also diarrhodon abbatis, diatragacanthum frigidum, diapapauer and such like. Of simples these be good, the iuices, and distilled waters of lettuse, purselaine, tame endiue, and poppie. Among those thinges that are to be applied outwardly, bathes at all times are conuenient,B [...]lurum. and profitable to them that haue this feuer. I meane bathes of sweete waters, to the which the sicke must be caried in a bed, or in a fine sheete, and let there be foure to carie the sheete, at eche corner one. The water of the bathe must be most temperate: and also the patient must tarie in it not longe, least any of his moisture within him should be drawen out by it, therefore in no case must he sweate in it. There be some that vse to seeth in the water of the bathe, herbes, as violettes, mallowes, lettuce, floures of water lillies and such like: some other do seeth calues feete, or lambes heades, vntill the flesh be sodden from the bones. Also you must beware, least any thing be poured on his head, seeing it is sufficient for it, to be dipped twise or thrise in the water with the whole bodye, the sheete being let downe easily, and then againe lifted vp by foure young men, which must carie him. Straight, when he is brought from thence, he must be dipped all ouer once in cold water, and he may not tarie in it any time at all. They that haue this feuer, and be brought into a bathe, vnlesse they be dipped in cold water, is helpeth them nothing (as Galene saith.) By and by, assoone [Page 191] as he is drawen out of the water, let another sheete be ready, and cast him into that, and then into another. Then lay him in his bed, and first wipe him with sponges, and after with soft linnen clothes. And let them not handle him violently, that do wipe him, but as easily, as they can possibly. To conclude, after this, he must be annointed with cold oiles, and with other moistening things. Among other this linimēt is good,Linimentum. ℞. oile of violettes. ℥.ss. oile of gourdes. ʒ.iij. new butter without salte, swines greace, ana. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them, and make a liniment, wherwith annoint the whole body. Or adde to it musculage of tragacanthae. ʒ.ij. marow of calues shanckes. ʒ.iij. waxe asmuch as is sufficient, and make an ointment. Also oile of water lillies, and of poppie, are good, and specially oile of roses, which (as Galene sayth) doth marueilously moisten dried bodies. When he is annointed & clothed, you must bring him againe vpon a bed, or a sheet, into the place where he is fed, and you must nourish him with meates. Also, it profiteth him to haue his hearte cooled, and moistened with epithemes: as is this,Epithema cerdis. ℞. waters of violettes, water lillies, and lettuce, ana. ℥.iij. strong vineger. ℥.ss. red roses, all the saunders, ana. ʒ.j. pouder of diamargariton. ʒ.ss. seed of purcelaine. G.iij. [...]affron. ℈.ss. commixe them and make an epitheme, and apply it to the region of the harte cold.Epithema iccoris. Likewise it is good to coole & moisten the liuer thus, ℞. water of lettuce. ℥.ij. vinegre. ℥.j. diarrhodon abbatis. ʒ.j.ss. scraping of iuorie, ℥.ss. purcelaine. ℈.ss. cōmixe them & make an epitheme & apply it to the liuer. Also for them that haue the feuer ethicke, medicines are good which cā coole & moisten, with their odour and sauour, as be flours of water lillies, purcelaine, violettes, roses,Odoramētum. and such like. Also you may find moe thinges, that are good for the cure of the feuer ethicke, in the second booke, in the Chap. of the Ptisicke or Consumption. And in curing of the feuer ethicke this onely must be your studie and labour, that the body may not only be cooled and moistened with those thinges which be ministred inwardly, but also by thinges that be applied outwardly, and specially by annointing with oile. How much oile applied and annointed outwardly, specially doth helpe to the conseruatiō of the body, and to the restoring of strength, We are taught by the notable example of Pollio Romulus, Pollio Romulus. who being aboue an hūdred yeares olde (as Plinie telleth) diuus Augustus his host asked him, by what meanes he kept that vigour, force, and strength of body and mind: he aunswered thus: Intus mulso, foris oleo (that is) I keepe me moist with mulsa within, and oile I annoint vpon my skinne.

CAP. XI. Of an hemitrice feuer. DE HAEMITRITAEO SEV SEMITERTIANA.

ALTHOVGH there be diuerse kindes of compound feuers, as is declared in the beginning of this booke in the explication of feuers: yet in this place we will onely speake of that feuer, which is compounded of an intermitting tertian, and a continuall quotidian. And it is called in Greeke, haemitritaeus, and in Latine semitertiana, in English halfe a tertian.Hemitritaeus quid. It is so called because this whole feuer hath halfe the nature of the said feuers, eche of them: by the example of this compound feuer, you may learne to cure all other compound feuers.Causae. Therfore an hemitrice feuer is caused, when putrified fleume is commixed with rotten choler. It is declared before that a tertian inuadeth the patient with rigour and vehemēt cold,Signae. and a quotidian commeth with cooling of the extreme partes. Therefore the feuer which is compounded of them both causeth horrour and shaking for cold, which is lesse, then the rigour of a tertian, and greater & more vehemēt then the cooling of a quotidian: so that it is a meane betwene them both. It is ingendred two sundry wayes: for either two fittes are ioyned together by and by at the beginning, and do inuade the patient together both at once, or else eche of them cōmeth separate from the other. Therefore when the tertian doeth exceed the other, it causeth a more horrible feuer, and also it hath much rigour and vehement cold in the augmenting of the fitte, and there is present greater heate and more burning, and choler is driuen out either by vomiting, or by egestion, or it breatheth out a moist vapour, but whē the quoditian exceedeth the tertian, then cold is in the extreme partes, & but a litle shaking, and neither burning nor thirst doth [Page 192] vexe him. But when the intermitting tertian, and the continuall quotidian be equall and of like force and greatnesse, the fit doth come with horrour and shaking for cold. And when the quotidian is of greatest force, the pulses and horrour waxe lesse and gentler: but if the tertian preuaile, by and by the pulses and horrour increase and waxe greater. Note therfore, when a feuer is ingendred of an intermitting tertian, and a continuall quotidian being equall of like force, greatnesse and strength, then it is called an exquisite hemitriteus ague: but if one feuer do exceed the other,Exquisitus haemitriteus. Non exquisitus hemitritaeus. Curatio. thē it is called an vnpure hemitrice. You may vnderstand by the former Chapters, how this feuer should be cured. For seeing an exquisite hemitrice feuer is ingendred of two feuers equally commixed (that is) a tertian and a quotidian: you must also vse a cure conuenient and agreeing equally to a tertian and a quotidian. But in an vnpure hemitrice, when there is most of choler, or most of fleume: you must also vary and chaunge the cure, according to the humour and feuer that aboundeth. For if choler haue the vpper hand, you must chiefly vse the remedies, which we haue declared in the cure of the tertian. But if fleume abound most, vse the thinges most that be declared in the cure of the quotidian. To conclude you must most couet the cure of that which hath most neede, and doeth most abound, but so, that you do not altogether neglect the other. Therefore we neede not in this place rehearse the remedies, wherby this feuer should be destroyed and cured, seeing euery man may learne the cure of them, more readily according to the diuersitie and nature of the humours out of the Chapters of curing of the tertian and quotidian. Therfore if any man do first learne to know exactly and perfectly the curing of simple feuers, he shall also know how to cure compound feuers without any more labour: for the cures of simple feuers being knowen, and considered, it is most ready to any man to cure compound feuers, so that here we shall not neede to write seuerally of the curing of compound feuers.

CAP. XII. Of the Pestilence. DE PESTILENTIA.

SEEING that at this present time and day, there be euery where treatises of the Pestilence made of diuerse new Authours: I neede not now longe dispute here of it: but it shall be sufficient, if we do briefly declare the causes, signes, and curing of it,Causae. as we haue done in other diseases before. There be two especiall causes of the Pestilence (as Galene writeth in lib. 1. de differentijs febrium. 1 cap. 5. The one is, an infected, corrupted and ro [...]er ayer. The other 2 be humours gathered through naughty and corrupt diette of the body, which humours be ready to putrifie and rotte, when a man taketh any light occasion to kindle a feuer of the corrupted aire. Therefore the chiefest cause why men are infected with the Pestilence, is breathing in of ayre, without which no breathing thing doeth prolonge their life. For it beginneth for the most parte of breathing in of ayre which is corrupted of a putrifying and rotting euaporation.VVheren rottennesse beginneth. The beginning of corrupted ayre, and of the rotten euaporation, is either a multitude of dead bodyes not burned or buried, as it chaunceth in warres, or the euaporation of some pooles, fennes or mareshes in the Sommer time. It chaunceth also sometime to come before immoderate heate of the ayer, when the temperature of the ayre is chaunged from his naturall state, to immoderate heate and moisture, of necessity the Pestilence must follow.Notae. Hereupon Galene sayeth, that of all temperamentes of the ayre, the worse is that, which is hote and moist. Also oftentimes (as is afore said) naughty and corrupt diette ingendreth humours in the bodye, that be easie and ready to putrifie and rotte, and so is the cause why such bodyes are infected with the Pestilence. And then truely they specially haue the Pestilence, which vse a naughtie and corrupt diette, and so be full of all kindes of superfluities. Therefore it neede not seeme marueilous, if sometime some one among many (which yet doeth very seldome chaunce) be infected with this disease, the ayre yet not being pestilent and corrupt. For they that keepe a good and heathfull diet, and be without superfluities in their bodies, they take no hurte at all, or else very litle hurte, although [Page 193] they be in the corrupt and pestilent ayre and may easilie returne and be brought to their naturall habite & state. Hereby it is easie to aunswere them that aske,Note. howe it chaunceth that all men are not taken equallie with the Pestilence, seing euerie one is constrained to breath in the pestilent aire. The first cause why some remaine vnhurt, is because they be not full of superfluous humiditie and moisture, but do vse moderate diet and exercises, and haue their bodie easie to breath out vapours. Another cause is, because all mens bodies be not of like disposition and affect. For dispositions of mens bodies are of manie sundry forms, for some bodies are quickly ouercome and infected, and do most readily suffer any cause: but some againe be insuperable, & can not be ouercome, nor will at all suffer the infection, or els verie hardlie. And therfore the greatest portion of ingendring of diseases, is the disposition of the bodie of him that suffreth the disease. For else all men, that taried long in the burning heate of the Sunne, or that vsed ouermuch mouing, or that were loden with wine or inflamed with anger, or affected with sadnesse, should fall into a feuer. Also we doe not denie,Plagues from God. but that sometime great plagues and Pestilence be sent of God for the grieuous sinns and horrible offences of men, wherewith he punisheth the great offences of vs: whereof there be manie euident testimonies in the Prophets, and specially in Ezechiell. cap. 5. The time of the yeare in the which chieflie by nature the Pestilence is rife and flourisheth,The time of the Plague. is the end of Sommer, and the beginning of haruest or Autumne: for then both the aire and mens bodies are most apt to putrifie, corrupt, and rot for many causes.Signes of the [...]. There be manie and diuers signes of the Pestilence to come rehearsed of the new Authors: among which signes: the first is the chaunging of the times of the yeare. The second is often phaenomena in the ayre,1 2 specially in Autumne. The third is, when pushes, pockes, and measils do not onely vex children,3 but also young folke of perfect age. The fourth is, when the windes are often in the 4 south and in the west in Autumne. The fifth is a darke and troubled aire in Autumne threatning 5 raine, but yet it doeth not raine at all. The sixt is, if women conceaued with child, do 6 suffer aborsion for euerie light cause. The seuenth is, when in sommer after raine sodenlie a 7 great aboundance of frogges of diuerse colours do gather togither on a heape. The eight is,8 a great multitude of flies, wormes and creeping things. The ninth is the dying of foure footed 9 beastes and fishes. The tenth is the flying of birds from their nestes, leauing their egges 10 there still. The eleuenth is the dearth of victualls and corne. The twelfth, (which is the most 11 12 certaine signe) is a hote and moist temperature of the yeare. There be manie signes,Signe [...] [...]f [...]he infected. that declare when one is alreadie infected with the Pestilence. The first is if the outward members be cold, and the inward members burning hote. The second is heauinesse, wearinesse, and 1 slouth of the whole bodie, and difficulty in breathing. The third is paine and heauinesse in 2 the head. The fourth is carefulnesse of the minde and sadnesse. The fift is a maruelous inclination 3 for the most part to sleepe, for sometime watching and rauing do vexe him. The sixt 4 5 is a diuerse and frowning looke of the eyes. The seuenth is losse of appetite. The eight is immoderate 6 thirst and often vomiting. The ninth is bitternesse and drinesse of the mouth. The 7 8 tenth is a pulse, frequent, small, and deepe. The eleuenth is the vrine, for the most part rroublous,9 thicke, and stinking like beasts vrine. Although sometime the vrine of them seemeth 10 11 to differ little from the vrine of healthfull men, therefore by such an vrine, they that are vnskilfull of the other signes be quickly deceaued, suspecting no hurt, because of the good colour of the vrine. The twelfth, which is the most surest token of all is, if there do arise & ingender botches, behind the eares, or vnder the armeholes, or about the share, without anie 12 manifest cause, or also if carbuncles do sodenly arise in any member: for when they appeare, they betoken strength of nature, which being strong and mightie doeth labour to driue the poison out of the bodie. Also they do declare, which members of the bodie being affected aboue other, do thrust out from them the venemous humours.Signifying of botches. For if they do appeare in the neck, they do declare that the veines be chiefly vexed: if vnder the armholes, the hart: but if they appeare in the share the liuer is most affected. But seeing that botches do not alwayes appeare, (which is most perillous and daungerous, for it betokeneth that nature is weake and feeble, and is not able to expell and driue out the venimous humors) you must haue respect to other signes and tokens, which be rehearsed a little before.Curatio. Venae sectio. As for the Cure if the aforesayed signes doe appeare, then if nothing doe let, by and by you must [Page 194] cut a veine on that side, in which the pestilent botch doeth appeare. If the botch doe appeare behinde the eares, or about the chinne, or in other partes of the face and necke you must let bloud out of the Cephalica veine on the same side. If it appeare and come out vnder the armehoales, you must cut the innermost veyne of the arme, on the same side, it is commonly called basilica: or if that veine will not appeare, take the middle veyne. If the botch doe appeare in the share, you must drawe out bloud from the ankles of the same side. But if there do appeare no hotch outwardie, you must draw out bloud from the same side, where there is felt greatest paine and heauinesse. But out of which veyne you must let bloud, the paine and griefe of the members afflicted, will declare to you well enough: for if the members aboue the breast be greeued and afflicted most, cutte the Cephalica veyne. But if the partes beneath the necke be most greeued and afflicted, cutte the basilica or the middle veyne: and if the neather partes be most vexed you must cutte the veyne of the hamme or ankles. And if nature bee strong, and other thinges not letting, you must drawe out bloud aboundauntlie. But if through age or for other causes, you may not vse bloudlettinge,Cucurbita. you must fasten cupping glasses to the necke and the shoulders, or to the backe, or to the legges. And if the Pestilence doe inuade anie man at his dinner time or supper time,Vomitus. when the stomach is filled with meate, then, he must vomite straight waye. At the last, when the bodie and stomach is emptied, you must by and by minister some medicine,Alexiteria. that can resist poyson, that it may drawe the poyson to it, and call it backe from the heart, for that is the propertie of such medicines. Among a great number of the which,Electuariū de ouo. this is praise worthie, which is called Electuarium de ouo, which once a good and wise Emperour called Maximilianus did vse. Whie I doe preferre this almost before all other is, because of his maruelous effect, and vertues, which haue appeared often in diuerse sicke persons: and because it is easie to make, except the roote of white diptayne, which can not well be gotten, for the which it is better to vse the leaues of trewe diptayne, which maye well be come by. Minister of the aforesayed Electuarie to them that be of perfect age. ʒ.j. and to them that bee younger sometime. ℈.ij. will suffice, you must dissolue it in water of roses, or endiue, or scabious: Also this medicine vsed is good to preserue a man from the Pestilence, if he take thereof daylye the weight of a graine or two of barley, or the quantitie of a pease. Also the taking of this Potion doeth helpe much. ℞. Theriaca Andromachi. ℈.ij. Mithridatum. ℈.j. Bole armorniacke preparate. ℈.ss. waters of roses,Potis. Bolus armenius. scabious and buglosse. ana. ℥.j. Commixe them. What power and strength is in bole armoniacke to driue awaye the Pestilence, Galene teacheth aboundauntlie in libro nono, de simplicium Medicamentorum facultatibus. Where hee writeth that in a great Plague that was in Roome, as manie as droncke this medicine were quickelie healed. Wherefore this medicine ought chieflie to bee vsed in the time of the Pestilence.Puluis optimus. Moreouer this powder doeth profite verie much. ℞. the leaues of true diptaine, the roote of turmentill, the roote of pimpernell, zedoarie, gentian, roote of Betonica altilis, commonlie called tunica. ana. ℥.ss. Bole armoniacke preparate. ℥.j. terra lemnia. ʒ.iij. Aloes epaticke, mirrhe. ana. ℥.ss. saffron. ʒ.j. masticke. ʒ.ij. and beate them all to verie fine powder, and make a Tritura. VVhereof minister to the sicke. ʒ.j. in rose water or sorrell water. VVhen the Patient hath taken some of the aforesaide medicines, lay him in a warmed bedde being made with soft sheetes,Sudor. and well couered with clothes, that he may there sweate foure or fiue houres, or longer according to his strength. But and if by this meanes you can scarsly prouoke him to sweate, you must laye tiles being heatte at the fire, to the feete of the Patient, for these by reason of their heate will readilie prouoke sweatte. And in all the time that the sicke doeth sweate, you must onelie take heede, that he do neither sleepe, eate, nor drincke. After sweating you must diligentlie wipe of the sweatte with verie cleane and fine lynnen cloathes. Then afterwarde lette the sicke rise from his bedde, if hee will or if hee canne, and let him eschewe the open aire. Let the ayre of the chamber in which the sicke doeth lye, be corrected, anmended and purified with odoriferous thinges,Acris correctio. and with sweete smelling perfumes, daylie foure or fiue times. It is best for the sicke to chaunge from one chamber to another. Because the ayre of one [Page 195] chamber by the continuall tarying of the sicke in it, is much corrupted, and can not easilie be corrected and amended. Let the ayre of the chamber into the which the sicke shall remoue, be first corrected and purged with perfumes. VVhat those thinges should be, we will declare afterwarde. Two or three houres after the patient hath sweatte, giue vn-him the broath of a chicken, and,VVhen meate should be ministred. that you must do often afterwarde according to his strength: for the sicke must be nourished and refreshed by little and little. Therefore it is good for him to eate often, and but verie little at once: for they that are thus fedde, will sooner recouer againe then other. Also he may vse to eate the flesh of chickens, sodden with sorrell, or with iuyce of lymons, or else veriuyce. Also the sicke must be kept altogether from sleepe the first daye by talke of the assistauntes,Of sleepe. by rubbing of the extreame partes, by pulling of their eares, nose, and hayre. For the which purpose it is not vnprofitable to dippe a sponge in verie sharpe vinegre, and holde it to the nose. If the Patient haue vehement thirst,Potio. he may vse this potion. ℞. Iulep of violettes. ℥.iij. syrupe of the sharpe iuyce of Cytrons. ℥.j.ss. syrupe of sowen Endiue. ℥.ij. of the decoction of sorrell, scabious, and floures of buglosse. ℥. tenne, or so much of their distilled waters, commixe them and make a potion. Also you must take the wa [...]er wherein bareley hath bene sodden a little, and commixe with it iuyce of roses, or sorrell, or lymons or of vnripe grapes, and minister it in steede of drincke. And you must minister medicines (speciall [...]e if the strength be feeble) which can strengthen and comfort the heart, and other principall members of the bodie, as this is. ℞. conserues of violettes, [...] roses and buglosse. ana. ℥.j.ss. Bole armoniacke preparate. ʒ.j. redde corall. ℈.j. barkes of the Citron apple. ʒ.j.ss. Camphire. ℈.v. with syrupe of the iuyce of sharpe Citrons, as much as is sufficient, make an Electuarie or liquide antidote. Also you must lay vppon the region of the heart, (speciallie if the sicke doe yet feele heate about the brest) this Epitheme. ℞. waters of roses, buglosse and sorrell. ana. ℥.iiij. powder of Electuarium de g [...]mmis. ʒ.j. wood of Aloe [...], Epithema. red saunders, the barkes of a citron apple, beaten to pouder, the bone of the Harts heart. ana. ℈.v. saffron. gr. 6. commix them all and make an Epitheme. But you must note that the Epithemes may not be applied, except they be made hote: and as soone as they are cooled, you must take them away straight way: for then they constraine & shut vp the poores, and so do bring vnto the patient no small griefe. Therefore it is better to vse cordiall baggs, as this is, [...]. ℞. floures of red roses, water lillies, and of violets. ana. ʒ.ij. of all the saunders, corall, white and red, spodium, pearles. ana. ʒ.iij. cinnamon, cloues, the bone of the harts hart, wood of aloes, barks of the citron apple, saffron. ana. ℈.j. seede of sorrell. ℈.ij. seede of purslaine. gra. iiij. beate all these into a fine powder, and make two square bagges of silk, & apply ech after other being heat. Moreouer you must altogether couet & labour, that the venimous humors may be entised and drawne to the place, where the botches appeare and burst out, and you must do it by setting to of cupping glasses, or by medicines applied,Cure and medicines. that haue vertue and power to drawe those humours, as this is. ℞. fat figges in number vj. great raisons. ℥.ss. salt gum. ʒ.ij. hony. ℥.j. with oile of chammomill, make it into the forme of an emplaister, & apply it hote to the botch. Or apply this plaister,Emplastrum. which is much commended of all men. ℞. a great onion, and cut of the head of it, and picke out all the core within, then fill it with Theriacha Andromachi, adding to it iuyce of rewe or sage, which done stop the hole fast that is in the top of the onion with lute, and set the onion in the imbres to rost. And when you doe thinke that it is rosted enough, pull of the barks of it, and then bray it in a morter, vntill it be thicke like an emplaister, and apply it hote to the botch. You nede not to be afraide to apply theriaca to the botches, because of the authoritie of Gentilis and Ʋalescus and some other authours. For theriaca, and such like medicines against poison doe not worke their operation by driuing the poison from them (as they being in a wonderfull errour doe affirme) but rather they worke by drawing the poyson to them (as Galene teacheth, in his booke de theriaca ad pisonem.) Also this emplaister is good,Errour of Gē tilis and Valescus. for it helpeth much to the rotting of the botch. ℞. meale of fenugreeke, and lineseede,Emplastrum suppuratorium of floures of chammomill. ana. ℥.ss. rootes of althaea and white lillies. ana. ʒ.ss. figges in nomber sixe, leaues of true diptaine. ʒ.iij. rootes of valerian. ʒ.ij. mustarde seede. ʒ.j.ss. doues dong. ℥.ss. oyles of chammomill and lillies. ana. ℥.j.ss. make them into the forme of an emplayster or [Page 196] pultise.Aliud. Also this is praised. ℞. of emplastrum diachylon simplex. ℥.ij. of gumme armoniack, & galbanum. ana. ℥.j. bray them togither, and bring them to the forme of an emplaister. But if the botch will not breake of him selfe by applying the aforsaid things, you must then lay vpon it goose dong dissolued in the common oyle, or in oile of chammomill. And this is sufficient to speake of here as touching the cure of them which be taken with the Pestilence.

A preseruatiō from the pestilence.Now we will brieflie expound, by what means a man may preserue and defend him selfe from the infection of the Pestilence, which vexeth and infecteth in some certaine place or region. And seing (as we haue declared in the beginning of this Chapter) it is euident that the pestilence is not caused, but through the breathing in of pestilent and corrupt aire: there can not be a more present remedie to preserue one,Flight is the best remedie. then flying from the corrupt aire. For there is no other meanes to auoide the pestilent ayre, because whether we will or no, wee must drawe in such aire, vnlesse we get vs away into some other place, where the ayre is not corrupted nor infected, but pure and good. Which you must the rather and more quick- he do if the euill be greatly infectiue. And you must flee farre of into such a place whereas the aire is knowen to be pure and good, and destitute of corruption, neither must you returne home againe from that place verie soone. Hereuppon it is not rashlie sayde of the Common sort, that these three Aduerbes Cito, longe and tarde, in the time of the Pestilence, do more pleasure and profite then three shoppes verie well furnished. Therefore they, that may conueniently for their businesse, flee away let them not suffer them selues to be perswaded by anie meanes, to tarie in the pestilentayre: which if they doe, they shall foolishlie put them selues in daunger of Pestilent death: but if you may not flee for vrgent businesse, and iust causes, then let your first care be, that the house in which you must tarie, be without all kinde of stinke, and kept cleane from all filthinesse and sluttishnesse. Let the windowes of it be iust shut, speciallie in cloudie and rainie dayes, that the pestilent aire enter not in. But if you will open them, see that they open vppon the east or north quarter, and doe it, when the Sunne is risen aboue the earth some houres. You must come abroade but seeledome, and not except the element be cleare and bright: neither come then, vnlesse you haue first taken some medicine, which is able to preserue you from the infection. You must make fiers daylie in your houses, with oken wood, Iuniper, tamariscus, laurell or such like, that thereby the corrupt ayre that is in the house, may be corrected and purged. For there is a maruelouse vertue and strength in fire to amende and correct the rottennesse and corruption of the ayre. Also you must strewe often vppon coales this powder following.Suffi [...]en [...]a. ℞. rosemarie. M.ss. sage, betonie, wormewood, mergerome, origan. ana. M.j. braye all finely and make a powder. Or vse this powder. ℞. of Iuniper bearies. ℥.j. mirrhe. ʒ.iij. frankensence and masticke. ana. ʒ.iij.ss. roote of benedicta. ʒ.j. rewe. ℥.ss. Cipresse barkes. ʒ.j.ss. roote of Angelica, lauender. ana. ʒ.ij. beate all togither, and make a powder. Let poore folke lay vpon quicke coles, iuniper clefte in small stickes, or the bearies of Iupiter. Let richer folke vse wood of Aloes, or powder of Gallia moschata, cloues and such like. When necessitie constrayneth you to go abroade,A pomander. carie this or such a like pomander with you. ℞. Lapdanum. ʒ.iij. storax calamitae. ʒ.ij. cinnamon, mace, cloues, nutmegges. ana. ʒ.j. wood of Aloes. ℈.j. spikenarde. ℈.ss. mirrhe, masticke, frankensence. ana. ʒ.ss. musk and ambre. ana. gra. iij. pouder them, and searce them, and with storax liquida, and water of mergerome, as much as is sufficient, commix them & make a pomum odoratum. In sommer time, let the aire be purified and corrected with cold things, as with floures of roses, violets, water lillies, vine leaues, and branches, willow leaues, & such other like. Also sprinkle the pauement or floure with water of roses, sorell, and such like, or with cold water, wherewith some vinegre is commixed, also it profiteth to smell roses, vinegre, camphire, saunders, & such otherlike. Or to smell to this pomander.Pila odorata. ℞. Lapdanum. ℥.ss. storax calamitae. ʒ.iij. flowers of water lillies, roses, & violets. ana. ʒ.j. barks of the citron apple. ʒ.j.ss. all the saunders. ana. ʒ.ss. of maces & cinnamon. ana. ℈j. mastik. ʒ.j. white poppy. ʒ.ss. camphire, ℈.ss. ambre, musk. ana. gra. ij. bray all & commix thē with storax liquida and rose water, & make a pomander. But seing Galen saith, that one of the chiefest thinges,Diet. which they that would be preserued from the pestilence, ought to regard and take heede of, is that their bodie be for the most part without superfluities and excrements, [Page 197] and may well breath out the vapours. Truly there is nothing more to be eschewed at such a time, then ouermuch deuouring, and swalowing in glotonously of meate & drink. Therfore let their meates be altogether easie of digestion, & such as ingender good bloud, and be not readie to putrifie and rot. And alwayes commix with the meats, that be eaten at that time some vinegre, or some other sharp iuice, as veriuice, or iuice of citron apples, or of lymons, or orenges. In sommer time he must vse for potherbs, buglosse, endiue, succorie, & lettuce, and in winter let him vse sage, parsley, apium, mergerome, balme, and hysope. He must abstaine from all fruits, vnlesse they be sharp, as be pomegranates, citrons, lymons, orenges and such like, which are good for him to vse. Let his drink be wine, that is thinne & waterie. Let euerie man beware of strong wine, that is vnalayed and new. To conclude, let his diet be altogether cooling & drying. Therfore he may not vse exercises,Exerciti [...]n. but in a meane and in a temperate place, and in an aire being first purified, amended, and corrected by medicines and perfumes. Therfore you must eschew common dauncings openly and also runnings, leapings, and whatsoeuer such like exercise there be that requireth often breathing in of aire. Therefore because of this also in the time of the pestilence, he must eschewe companies gathered, together by magistrates, by some open commaundement for matters of the common wealth, as courtes, sessions and such like. Let his sleepe, watchinges and all other thinges be moderate and in a meane. But he must sleepe in a chamber that is close, well stopped and shut, lest the pestilent aire should enter into it: the aire of which chamber must be purified and corrected with some perfume aforesaide, morning and euening. He must vse sheets that be pure and cleane, and that haue bene laide vp a while with odoriferous thinges. When he is awaked from sleepe, let this be his first care and worke to empty the bodie of superfluities and excrementes.Excretion. And you must only take heede and beware that the bodie be not costiue at any time. Therfore if it do not of it selfe voide out excremēts daily, you shall prouoke them out with pilulae rufi, or with a soft clister, or with a suppositary made for the purpose. When the body is emptied from superfluities & excrements aswell by the guts as by the bladder, he must take some medicine, that can preserue him from the infection of the pestilence, for the which there be manie things before rehearsed. And if necessarie businesse do constraine you to go abroade openly, you may chew zedoarie, or roote of angelica, or pimpernell, or you shall smell to rew. For the sauour of it doth maruelouslie resist the pestilent aire. He must eschew all carnall lust, specially immoderate vsing thereof. [...] After copulation, he must keepe him out of the open & infectiue aire. Bathes must altogether be abhorred, as a most present poison, specially common bathes, because when the poores of the bodie are opened by the heate of it, the pestilent aire doth readily creepe into the body. They that will vse a priuate bath, let them preserue and defend them selues most diligētly from the corrupted aire, when they do go out of the bath. But it is better and more holesome to vse frictions at home in a rectified aire, and let bathes alone, but yet you may wash the head weakely with lie, wherein hath bin sodden asarum, maioram, lauender, rosemarie, betony, sage, cammomill, & such other like, but yong men and such as abound with bloud, must in the time of the pestilence vse bloudletting: & that, not onely once,Bloudletting. but (if nothing let to the contrarie) bloudletting often doth profit much to preserue them in health: bicause it doth much coole the state of the bodie, & bringeth it to a moderate heate. Also you must purge the bodie (if nede require) with purging medicines,Purgatio. & that specially in the spring time & Autumne. As for perturbations of the mind, he must eschew sadnesse, anger, hatred, feare, great cares, & heauy thoughts, and he must vse ioy and mirth in a meane. Now it remaineth,Preseruatiues that we describe medicines, which can keepe and preserue vs safe from the infection of the Pestilence. Among which the pilles that are called pilulae rufi or pestilentiales, or els communes, pilulae communes. are principall and chiefe. ℞. aloes epatick, two parts, saffron orientall, mirrhe. ana. one part, with white wine, or with water of scabious, make pilles of which minister daylie. ℈.j. and more, or lesse according to the age and strenghth of the patient. These pilles because of the Aloes and mirrhe in them, which doe most resist putrifaction, they haue a maruelous efficacie and vertue against the infecting of Pestilent aire.Pi [...]le. Also you may vse these Pilles followinge. ℞. Aloes epaticke. ʒ.iij. mirrhe. ʒ.j.ss. agaricke preparate. ʒ.j. saffron orientall. ʒ.ss. bole armoniacke preparate. ℈.j. seede of Citron apples. ℈.ij. masticke. ℈.ss. [Page 198] roote of pimpernell. ʒ.ss. with rose water make 13. pilles of ʒ.j. of which minister one or two.Electuariū de nucibus. Also you may vse that medicine, that is commonly called electuarium de nucibus. ℞. of walnuts in number 20. of fat figges in number 13. rewe. M.ij. of wormwood, cotula foetida and scabious. ana. M.j. roote of aristolochia longae. ℥.ss. roote of aristolochia rotunda. ℥.j.ss. of turmentill, petasitis, and pimpernell. ana. ℥.ij.ss. leaues of true diptaine. M.j. of laurell bearies. ʒ.iij. of harts horne burnt. ʒ.ij.ss. maces, mirthe, bole armoniacke, true terra lemnia. ana. ʒ.iij. salt of the sea. ʒ.j.ss. nux vamica. ʒ.ij. flowers of buglosse. M.j. beate them all, and commix them with lib. ij. of clarified honie, and make a liquide medicine like a Loche. Also this pouder is verie good. ℞. leaues of true diptaine. ℥.ss. of the rootes of zedoarie,Puluis. tunica, pimpernell, and turmentill. ana. ʒ.ss barkes of the citron apple. ʒ.iij. terra lemnia. ʒ.vj bole armoniocke. ℥.j. mirrhe chosen, aloës epatick. ana. ℥.ss. saffron. ʒ.ss. masticke. ʒ.j.ss. lycorace, ʒ.j. scabious and sortell. ana. ʒ.iij. red saunders. ʒ.j. scraping of Iuorie, and anthera. ana. ʒ.ss. the bone of the Harts heart, red Corall. ana. ℈.ij. seede of purslaine. gran. 5. bray all finely, & make a powder. If you will, you may make of these, lozenges, with suger, & waters of roses and scabious, and minister daylie of them. ʒ.j. or more, or lesse according to age & strength. Also onely bole armoniacke taken with vinegre, is notably praised. Likewise theriaca, mithridatum, and such other are good, wherof there is plentie named of them that haue written of the Plague. Wee therefore here will make an end of speaking of this kinde of euill.

Libri quarti finis.

THE FIFT BOOKE CONTAINING THE CVRING OF TVMOVRES WHICH HAPPEN ABOVE NATVRE.

CAP. I. VVhat that svvelling is, vvhich happeneth besides nature, vvhich commonly is called by his generall name Apostema, and the sifting out of the true definition, and of the diuision of the same, according to the opinion of the Neoterickes.

THESE Tumours which haue their being besids nature, the later sort both of Phisitions and Chirurgians, and not they onely, but almost the vniforme consent of olde writers haue comprehended vnder this name Apostema: [...]. whereas indeede [...], both by Galene, and all other Grecians, hath bene reputed, but as one kinde of those swelling tumours, which commonly are said to chaunce besides nature, which the Latines haue verie fitly tearmed abscessus, Abscessus. and the crewe of yonger Phisitions do call it exitura, deriuing the originall of the word from the interpreter of Auicene: of the which, and of all other kindes we will intreate particularly in his [Page 199] seuerall chapter. Although in deede it hath pleased some of the later sorte to make Apostema as the species or differentia of those tumours besides nature: appointing it to be diuerse from that which they call exitura, and also from that other kinde pustula. For vnder the name of Apostumes, they will conclude and place those tumours onely, which being lifted vp into a great bignes, doe fetch their procreation from the influence of naturall humours (as they tearme them) whereuppon they call them vera Apostemata. Therefore when Apostema is taken for the genus, comprehending vnder it all the tumours besides nature by Auicene and his followers it is thus commonly defined. An Aposteme is a disease compounded of three kindes of maladies, all aggregated into one bignes,The common definition of Apostema. which definition they doe affirme to be essentiall, consisting (as they say) of genus and differentia, which doe verie sufficiently explane the nature of that, which is defined, appointing this worde disease to be the genus, and the other wordes which are annexed, doe stand to manifest the difference of other the like infirmities, which doe happen by the composition & construction of the instrumentes: All which distinctions and diuersities, Galene doth recite in his booke intituled de morbo & symptomate. But these three kindes of sores,Three kindes of diseases appointing the essence of tumours besides nature. which in that swelling besides nature commonly called Apostema, do concurre establishing the essence of one onely disease, are these: intemperature, which they also call an euill complexion: immoderation, whereby they intend a synister composition, and the solution of that agreeing vnitie which nature affordeth to euerie bodie. To which three kindes, the Greekes haue assigned three apposite and fitte termes, calling the first, [...], the second [...], the thirde [...]: but they bring also many other discriptions rather then definitions of this Apostema: for definitions I dare not tearme them, when as they doe not conuert with that which is defined, neither doe they serue either to the sufficient explication of his nature, or the constitution of his essence, which they verie wel [...] knowing, are content to let them goe vnder the name of accidentall definitions. One of them they haue desumed and taken out of Galen his booke which he wrote de tumoribus praeter naturam. An Aposteme or tumour besides nature,Accidentall definitions. is one of those thinges which happening to the bodie, doth inflate that part which it occupieth, to the extremest dimension. This definition they haue extorted out of Galene his wordes, which he set not downe as an exquisite definition, but as an ordinarie assertion. You may fashion (if you please) many such definitions, as this for one.Definitio prima. Secunda. Tertia. An Aposteme is an increment exceeding naturall constitution: or this: an Aposteme is a tumor, in the which the partes haue departed from their naturall state and habite in quantitie, and bignes. Whereas Galen in his lib. 13. therap meth. hath these wordes: in this thirteth part of our whole worke we will beginne to discourse of those tumours happening besides nature, in which the partes haue forsaken their naturall constitution by becomming more bigge, so that you seeing the slēder weight of these definitions, you must annexe this Particle, actiones laedeus, hurting the duties of the bodie, or thus, inducing an euident detriment to the actions, or else they will not be absolute or essentiall: for euerie tumour making distention or swelling in length, breadth or profunditie, beyonde the ordinarie constitution of nature, other in all the bodie, or in any part thereof: or euerie excrement or greatnes exceeding nature, must not according to the vulgar acception be named either Apostema, or a swelling besides nature. For (as Galene saith in his booke de tumoribus praeter naturam) such like augmentations may befall not only to the diseased, but also to the healthfull, as well in the whole bodie, as in any member of the same. For grosse men, although they be enlarged,A perfect definition besides nature, taken out of the writinges of Galen. The diuision of a tumour besides nature into his species after the opinion of the later sort. and as it were distended both in breadth and profunditie: yet they haue not this distention besides nature, but (as he saith) onely not naturally: for they haue not yet passed the boundes of nature, neither are the actions and duities of their part maymed or anoyed, which is the border of those increments which are besides nature: and those tumours which abide in those partes, which are yet sound and without the tast of griefe, may well be saide to be aboue and beyond nature, but not besides nature, as for example: if both the teats, or one of them onely be maruelouslie increased, or inflated, yet so that his substaunce be free from all annoiaunce, this cannot appositiuely be sayd to be besides nature, but onely beyond nature. Therefore if you desire on absolute definition of this tumour, which happeneth besides nature, collected [Page 200] out of the writinges of Galene, you shall thus define it: A swelling besides nature is an increment surpassing the ordinarie habite of nature, bringing with it a maime to the actions thereof. But such like tumours besides nature are wont to be diuided into three kindes by Guido,Apostemata. and those of his age, into impostumes, abscessions, and pusshes or vlcers. Impostumes they call great tumours, in which the matter, whereof it springeth, doth offende in plentie or quantitie:Pustulae. pusshes are those little tumours (which they call bothor) in which, the substaunce whereof they arise is troublesome rather in qualitie then in quantitie, yea & in them there lurketh a poysonous venyme (as they say) but the abscessions are those tumours which the Latines call Abscessus, and of the Greekes may well be named [...], as we proued before:Exiturae. but let it be lawfull for euerie man to impose what titles or names they will, so that (as Galene saith) they doe not swarue or straie from the naturall meaning of the thinges them selues: but leauing all the scrupulous and scholerlike contentiōs, which some doe vse in the intreatie of this subiect, as impertiment to our purpose. I will orderly set downe the braunches of all the tumours or imposthumes, (if so you will terme them) which happen besides nature: and first we will beginne with inflammation.

CAP. II. Of the differences of those tumours which happen besides nature. DE DIFFERENTIIS TVMORVM, QVI PRAETER NATVRAM INCIDVNT.

THERE be many and sundrie differences of tumours besides nature, which commonly are called by this generall name Apostumes: the difference wherof,The diuision of a tumour in it his differences. From whence the differences of tumours besides nature are taken of the latter sort. S [...]stantiae. of the later Chyrurgians are obserued to proceed, either from the substāce of the sore, or from the matter thereof, or from the Accidentes, or from the affected partes, or else from the efficient causes. The differences, which they desume from the substaunce, are supposed by Auicene and his sect to be two, either the greatnes of the swelling, or the littlenes thereof. Amongest the bigge tumours, they doe recken phlegmone (which appeare commonly in fleshie places, which are fit to be distended) and aedema, erysipelas, and schirrhus, which all doe growe vp to a great bignes & quantitie. Little tumours are called of them little eminences or appearings, or breakings out called pusshes, which are commonly seene in the skinne, and the vttermost partes of the bodie, as the Greekes leprosie, the scabbe, the ringworme, and such other like, of the which we will speake more at larg hereafter. The matter of the aforesaide tumours are the foure humours,Materia. as well naturall, as not naturall (that is to saie) fleame, melancholie, choler, and those humours which are altogeater besides nature, sometime the soundnes of certaine bodies, and sometime a yealowe or pale humour, the handling of all which differences we will referre vnto another place. The symptomates or accidentes, which are commonly incident to these tumours are,Accidentia. griefe, heat, softnes, hardnes and such like: from the which they will deriue some differences: but those which they take from the members and from the affected partes, as ophthalmia, the inflammation of the eye, the squince, the inflammation of the throte,Pars affecta. phyma, phygethlum, and those inflammations which we terme glandulae and bubones. But the efficient causes from the which certaine differences be borowed,Causae eff [...]cientes. are congestion and fluxe, and crisis (that is to saie) iudgement thereof which happeneth in diseases: there be also certaine other causes both internall and externall, wherof we wil dispute more copiouslie and earnestly in that which follow. But yet truely all the diuersities and differences of these kindes of swellinges chauncing aboue nature,From whence the difference of tumours aboue nature doe come and arise. haue their beginning from the nature and substaunce (which prouoketh the swelling) of that which floweth (as witnesseth Galen in his booke which he wrote of Tumours happening aboue nature.) Likewise in his seconde booke that he wrote vnto Gluco. cap. 13. meth. med. in which places he declareth that the varietie of all swellings which are aboue nature, doth aryse [Page 201] of the nature of that which floweth: for when (sayth he) a flatuous matter hath more free accesse, then also the tumours are made more flatuous: but they are more like vnto phlegmone when as bloude aboundeth: as likewise Erysipilas, when melancholie hath his course: and they be also more vexed with aedema, when fleame or reume discending from the heade doth raigne. Also they be grieued with the disease Scirrhosis, when either a thicke or too colde a humour is settled in some parte thereof. Therefore all tumours doe chaunce (as Galene affirmeth) besides nature which proceede either of humours, or of a flatuous and windie spirite, which is gathered sometime vnder the skinne, sometime vnder the thinne filmes that couer the bones, somtime in the bellie, somtime in the intrailes, oftentimes in the middest of these, and of the peritonaeum. The Greekes call it Emphysema:Ephysema. Auicene termeth it a windie apostema. If such swellinges happen of humours, then they are either hote, or colde, or mingled togeather.Callidi tumores. Hote tumours come of the best bloud (that is to saie) which is parfectly ruddy, and of a meane soundnes and moderate qualitie, and then the Greekes call it phlegmone, the Latines, inflammatio: or they proceede of yealowe choler or of burning and thinne bloud, or else of those thinges which be hotter then bloud or choler. They terme this euill Erysipelas, but these name it Sacerignis. But cold swellinges are prouoked either through thinne fleame, and then the Greekes call it aedema, Tumores frigidi. but our Phisitions terme it laxus tumor: the interpreter of Auicene vndimia, or else it is caused through the humour of choler, or through thicke, colde, and clammie fleame. They call this Scirrhon, the Latines, durities, the Arabians, sephirus. Tumores serosi. Also swellinges sometimes do chaunce by reason of a late taking awaie of superfluous bloud, as hereafter shall be declared. Tumours are saide to be mingled, when such kinde of humours are tempred togeather, and if one maistereth the other, from that which exceedeth in the mixture,Tumores complicati. One euill seemeth to haue some affinitie with the other. is the name giuen to the swelling, as in bloude ruling choler, we will call phlegmone the principall, to be Erysipelatodem, and also because of melancholie gouerning, Erysipelas is saide to be phlegmonôdes. Nowe of other mixtures there is the like interpretation, both Scirrhus phlegmonosus with phlehmòne scirrhosa: and aedema phlegmonosum with phlegmone aedematôsa. And after this example you shall name the other tumours, although there chaunceth commixion togeather of three or foure humours at once. Moreouer, if the humours be of like force, and equally incorporate, so that the one can not ouercome the other, then we will name the tumours by the coupling togeather of those humours, which they stirre or rayse vp. As if bloud be equally mingled with choler, that euill may be called, by reason of their ioyning togeather phlegmone and erysipelas, or (as Galen hath it) it may be termed a meane in the kinde and nature of phlegmône & erysipelas. The chiefe tumours that are caused of flowing of humors. These truely be the chiefe swellinges and tumours, which are recyted in Galene by the flowing of humours: (that is to say) phlegmone, erysipelas, aedema, scirrhus: vnto the which innumerable other tumours, exceeding the measure and boundes of nature are reduced, and comprehended vnder them, although they haue chosed to themselues diuerse names according to their sundrie causes. Therefore, there partayneth vnto a kinde of phlegmone, phygethon, VVhat tumors doe associate phlegmone. which is called panus (Celsus being the authour) but of our men phyma and tuberculum, also it is named of the same Celsus terminthon of Oribatius, the kindes or species of phyma, but of Aetius, phigethlum: also they be called dothienes, which Celsus doth call furunculi, felons. Likewise gangrena of some member, [...] (that is to say) mortification but not absolute, and also sphacelus, which is called of the Latines syderatio, & of Auicene ascachilos. Carbunculus also called of the Greekes Anthrax: whereof Auicene writeth in the chapter de pruna & igne persico. But vnto erysipelas are referred herpetes, Erysipelatos [...] tumores. which in kinde be two manner of wayes (that is to say) miliares and exedentes, byting and gnawing, which the Greekes do call [...]. He which expoundeth Auicene hath called both the kindes formicae, [...]. but he being deceiued with the likenes of the name, hath mixed thē in the same chapter by great ouersight, with those verrucae, which the Greekes call mirmeciae, the Latines formicae. Celsus seemeth to haue comprehended those herpete vnder the name of ignis sacer: but the Chirurgians of later time haue numbred them among the cholericke pustules (as they terme them.) There commeth also of choler almost those diseases called of the Greekes phlyctaenae, and therefore they belong vnto erysipelas, O [...]dematos [...] tumores. whereof Auicene doth intreate in his chapter de vesicis & inflammationibus. [Page 202] Vnto the tumours caused of fleame, that is, vnto aedemata, are referred certaine tumours, comprehended of the Greekes vnder the name of apostema which be called of Auicene nodi, of Haly abbas, selaa, and dubeleta phlegmatica, of the Latines abscessus: whereof there be diuerse kinds according to the diuerse matters conteyned in them. Moreouer in Galene there be three such kindes of abscessus chauncing verie often whereof eueryone hath borrowed his proper name of the Greekes: those be, atheromata, steatomata, melicerides, which in deede be called after the likenes of bodies conteyned in them, as we wil hereafter declare more at large. There is also a kinde of apostema, that is, of abscessus, wherin are other thinges conteyned, which do represent not onely the proprieties of humours: but also of certaine sound bodies: but these (sayth Galene) chaunce verie seeldome. And of these also we will speake hereafter, when we shall intreat of abscessions. But now vnto the saide kindes of abscessus, there appertaine certaine names of tumours being deuised of the latter sort,Certaine newe names of tumours giuen of the latter sorte of Phisitions. Testudo. Talpa. Nata. Ganglium. and neuer as yet founde out amongest auncient writers, as testudo, which is a soft swelling cleauing to the whole heade of a man, and talpa: the one seemeth to belong vnto atheroma the other vnto melicerides. But vnto stratomata doth belong a certaine swelling without paine, which they call nata, or napta, whereof we will speake in his place. Hitherto also doe pertaine the euils called of the Greekes ganglia, of Auicene glandulae, which doe differ from the aforesaide nods. There commeth also of fleame that which the common sort call scrofula, and therefore they are reduced vnto aedemata. These be called of the Greekes charades, of the Latines, strume. Notwithstanding Galene in a certaine place amongest the diseases named scirrhi, Strumae. doth take it for durities. Also vnto aedema is referred in Galene that kinde of Hydrops, which is named of the Greekes, leucopblegmatia, and hyposarca. leucopblebmatia. Scirrb [...]si [...]. Cancer. Carcinoma. But the swellinges or tumours which partaine vnto choler, and which be comprehended vnder the saide schirrbus, are cancri, which of the Greekes be called carnici, & carcinomata: Notwithstanding Celsus maketh a difference betweene cancer, and carcinoma, that he might saie, that it did come and proceede by little and little of those thinges which do chance outwardly, & that it is engendred within (some member being corrupted). The same Celsus deuideth cancer into many parts or kindes (that is to say) into erysipelas,Elephantiasis.gangrena & vlcus nigrum of this kind also is elephantus or, elephantia, or elephantiasis, called of the common sort of Physitions lepra, & of some sancti lazari morbus. Therfore the name of lepra signifieth with Auicene and with the vnlearned company, a most grieuous and deadly disease, when yet with Gal. Paul. Aegineta, and with other grecians it is counted but a light griefe not much differing from that which we call scabies, which is called of the same writers ps [...]ra. Among this hard swelling kinde of tumours, are accounted the diseases called in the Latine tongue of the interpreter of Auicene, verrucae, which be swellinges like vnto little hillockes appearing in the skinne,Verrucae. whereof they haue this name, being called of the common sort porra. Porra. Myrmeciae. Acrochordones. Clauus. [...]. Thymion. To this kinde also may be referred myrmeciae, as if one should call them formicula, and acrochordones, which of our countriemen are termed pensiles verrucae and clauus also, which in forme is like to a harde rounde pillar called of the Greekes [...], of Auicene they are called almismar, Thymion, or thymon representing the knobbie toppes of the herbe thyme. Auicene semeth also to haue giuen it this name tusiū, or (as another translation hath it) tarsecum. Also among the diuerse kindes of verrucae, there be euils called of Auicene cornua, so called, because they being verie long, are turned againe croked like vnto hornes.Cornua. Calli. In like case also there be calli which the Greekes call [...], these are engendred by meanes of the skinne being obdurated & hardened through much labour. Vnto choler also there seemeth to partaine this euill, which the grecians call dracontion, Dracunculi the Latines dracunculus, according to the liuely similitud or likenes of that name, Auicene calleth it vena medeni, Haly Abbas, vena saniosa. Whereof Paulus Aegineta intreateth cap. vltimo lib. 4. This disease is not great rife with vs. Besides these tumours which we now haue rehearsed, there chaunce other also, affecting oftentimes the superficiall partes of the bodie (that is to say) certaine small appearings,Pustulae. which they call pustulae, and bothor. Which although they differ both among them selues, and also from those tumours, which we haue aboue recited, yet they are caused of the same humours, of the which also they are now called great tumours. Therefore they onely seeme to differ from them [Page 203] in respect of their greatnes and smalnes. But that such little tumours (which truely a chyrurgion ought not to be ignoraunt of) might appeare more manifest, and easie to be cō ceiued of euerie man: I haue thought it expedient, and a thing worthy the labour, to set downe in this place the names of them, both in Greeke and Lataine, and also their barbarous title, with a certaine rude discription thereof, as we haue alreadie done in the greater. Therefore that we may enter into the matter it selfe, there are of the kinde of pustules or pushes, lepra, so called of the Greekes and retayning the same title amongest the Latines, and ps [...]ra called of the same writer scabies, being truely diseases verie neere of affinitie among them selues: for there is roughnes and sharpnes of the skinne with itching & pritching in the bodie, comming of the same humour (that is to say) of choler. Notwithstanding they differ in this,Lepra. Ps [...]ra. Lichene. because lepra doth consume the skinne with manifest scales somewhat deepe, as it were in a circle: but ps [...]ra doth onely hurt the outward part with diuerse formes and doth vnlose a cer [...]aine scurfe of the bodie. Hitherto also doth pertaine that light infection of the skinne, called of the Greekes licene, of the Latines impetigo, in English the ringworme and commonly of some (as Manardus reporteth) they be called volatica. This chaunceth by reason of the mingled putrefaction of wilde bloude being thinne and sharpe, with other that be thicke: and verie often and easilie it doth turne it selfe (Galene affirming the same) into the aforesaide euils (that is to say) into lepra and scabies, which they call ps [...]ra. Yet there are some which thincke, that that, which the Greekes call lepra, is called of Celsus impetigo. But truely, seeing he doth write specially of impetigo, appointing foure kindes thereof lib. 5. suae medicinae, it is euidently apparent, that he meant some other thing by this worde impetigo, then licene amongest the Greekes,Four kindes of impetigo. seeing that truely we neuer read in any Greeke authour, that there were so many kindes of licene euer agreed of or acknowledged. Therefore if we will with Galen speake properlie lepra & lichene or impetigo, cannot be one and the same euill:Impetigo. otherwise the same should be chaunged into it selfe. That I may therefore draw the whole matter into few words: when the skinne is lightly infected, with an onely roughnes and itching, that is called in Greeke lichen, but in Latine impetigo. But when the griefe waxeth worse, it chaungeth the name togeather with the forme. But if lichene doth cause manifest scales, and doth pearce the skinne somewhat deepely, it is properly called lepra. But if it be stretched out onely by the outwarde superficies, and doth cause brannie or scaly bodies it is called ps [...]ra of the Grekes,Lepra. ps [...]ra Scabies. of vs it is called properly scabies. Although this worde scabies doth extend verie farre commonly also among the Physitions of late time, who doe name all the euill of the skinne to be scabies. But they speake verie improperly, for the pure and true scabies, so called of the Latines, is without all doubt that disease which is called of the Greekes ps [...]ra, of Auicene also albara and morphea, cleane contrarie to the opinion of some. For that which is saide of him and almost of all the Physitions of Africke to be albara, is named of the Greekes & of Celsus also leuce. But mongest them it is called morphea, among the Greekes alphon, Albara. Leuce. in which disease the whole flesh is not affected, but onely the externall partes of the bodie, euen as though (as Galene saith) it were set about with certaine scales. But these alphi (as it is in Galene) in their kinde are of two sortes (that is to say) white,Alphon is of two sortes. which come of fleame: and blacke, which proceede from a melancholike humour. But these thinges we now haue spoken of being led by the consequence of thinges. For neither leuce, nor alphi them selues are accounted amongest the tumours besides nature, but rather among the euilles of the skinne. Which thinges although they hurt verie little yet because they doe dishonest and bring shame, they are wont to be for the most parte a greater heauines and werynes (especially vnto women). then many other diseases which truely doe hurt, but yet they be secret. both these euilles (that is to say) rucae and alphon, Celsus hath comprehended vnder the name of vitiligo (making three kindes thereof) although other studentes of Physicke, turning Greeke into Latine,Vitiligo. doe conuert lucae in all places into vitiligo, which would more aptly agree, if it were put with his epithete or addition, as to say alba vitiligo. Ʋitiligo therefore, if we will comprehende it vnder any certaine heade or kinde, is a filthie colour of the skinne, proceeding of an euill habite of some parte of the bodie, which could not well receiue any nourishment to it selfe. For this euill chaunceth [Page 204] through the default of the nourishing facultie, whereof some doe constitute two kindes, the one, which doth infect the skinne onely with certaine markes, which doe cleaue fast vnto it like vnto little scales, the other which goeth in some what deeper, so that it toucheth the verie fleshe, and coloureth the hayres: for in it there aryseth gray hayres, like vnto a certaine kinde of moosynes: this is gathered togeather of viscous & glutinatiue fleame, but both of them do defile and staine either with their white, or especialy with their black colour. The first species, which is aloft and superficiall, wheather it be white or blacke, it is called of the Greekes alphūs, by the same name (as before) because it chaungeth the colour of the skinne, for [...] (whereof [...] is deriued) signifieth amongest the auncient Greekes to chaunge. Auicene calleth it morphea. But the other kinde, which we haue declared to pearce somewhat deeper, is called of the Greekes, and of Celsus also leuce, and of the rest of the Latines alba vitiligo, of Auicene albara. Haly Abbas onely among the Arabians calleth lepra, a filthie disease, which is harde to be cured, yet he doth not declare it to be pernicious and deadly, who hath not accounted it altogeather as a light thing (as the Greekes affirme it) and little differing from a scabbe: neither (as Auicene thought) pernicious and grieuous, but onely lothsome and filthie. Whereby we may coniecture, that little credite is to be attributed to wordes or names, vnlesse the matter be throughly discouered.Small credit to be giuen to wordes of names. For one and the selfe same worde by varietie of authours hath enforced to vphold many diuerse & different significations, as in their commentaries doth euerie where appeare. But we haue spoken by the way of the euilles and defedations of the skinne, only that the confusion of things might be eschewed, which happeneth by words misunderstood. Therefore omitting these thinges, we will returne vnto out purpose, and with as much breuitie as we can, we will dispatch the discourse of the residew of swelling sores, amongest which, besides those, which we haue rehearsed and touched alreadie, are reckened by the Greekes ionthi, epinyctides, hidroa, psydraces, exanthemata, celsi papule, and Plinij mentegra. Ionthi. Ionthi are little swellings and those harde which arise in the outwarde skin and superficies of the face (as Paulus and Galene thought) proceeding from a grosse humour, which are either resolued, or else rypened by a little matter which springeth with it. The Latines call them vari: Galene maketh mention lib. 5. de medica. secundum locos, of an affect, which he calleth ionthosus affectus, which he sayth is the foundation and beginning of elephantiasis, vnder the which disease he seemeth to comprehend the thirde and fourth kinde of that which Celsus nameth impetigo. Epinyctides. Epinyctides, (as Celsus supposeth) are pestilent pushes either of pale colour, or of a blacke colour, or of a white hewe, not exceeding the bignes of a beane arysing either in the legges or in the fette. About them there is alwayes a verie vehement inflammation, and when they are opened, there is founde a verie thicke and clammie exulceration within. His colour is like vnto his humour: but the griefe greatly surpasseth the bignes of the sore, which in quantity surmounteth not a beane. They borrowed their title frō the night,VVhy they be called epinyctides. either (as Celsus thought) because that in the night time they pricked & molested more grieuously, or because they most cōmonly aryse in the night. Plinie termeth thē blewish pushes, disquieting specially in the night time. The Arabians call them essere, sere, or saire, which words explane the forenamed nature of the sore. Those which are called of the Greekes hidroa, the Latines terme sudamina, and Plynie papule sudorum. Sudamina. Planta noctis. Auicene planta noctis, & almansorus, & alhasaphum: whereby it commeth to passe that epinyctis doth much differ from Auicene his plantanoctis, although the Greeke worde epinyctis doth draw his originall from the night. But these sudamina (as Galene sayth) lib. 4. Apho. Aphor 21. are reckened among those kinde of pushes or whelkes, which sticking in the verie superficies of the bodie, doe pricke & shoote, not vnlike to our common vlcers, and they come (as their name doth declare) by many bilious swettes, which byteth the skinne and maketh it to itch and pricke like vlcers. But this affect is common to boyes and young men, and to those which are cholericke, but in the time of heate: but it is so easie to be cured, that of it selfe without any aide it will heale, rypening with a white toppe. But Auicene thinkes that these desudations, by their discription, agree ratheir with Celsus his exanthemata, then with Galene his sudamina. But he, who will obserue the nature of the wordes,Desudationes Auicene. will thincke, that Auicene his desudations may well be the Greekes hidroa, [Page 205] which the Latines call sudamina. But we must not followe the names so much among the Barbarian and Arabian writers, but the genuyne and sincere descripitons of the thinges them selues. Psydraces or psydracia, Psydraces. are pushes which abyding in the verie vttermost part of the skinne, are resembled to bladders excited by fire, which are called phlyctane. These ryse specially in the heade. Psizacionis not truly read in Celsus for psydracion. Those pushes, which grow in the skinne first comming by thicke humours stuffed in the skin, which are commonly called morbili and variola, of Galene because they swell, and waxe bigge, as it were the bud of a floure they are called exanthemata, but of Hippocrates,Morbili. Variolae. Exanthemata. Ecthymata because they doe breake out of them selues, they are termed ecthymata. For [...], whereof exanthema is deriued, signyfieth a floure, and [...], whereof ectyma commeth, signifieth to burste out. Plynie callet [...] such pusshes, whelkes, and the eruptions of fleame. But these are of two kindes: for some of them are steipe, and some goe out into breadth those which are steipe, doe growe of a more thinne and hote humour and doth excyte itche. But those which are broade, doe flowe, and proceede from a more colde & thicke humour, and doe not a whit procure itch. The first sorte, of the common Physitions are knowen by the name morbile: the seconde by this name variole. But the French men preposterouslie abusing the names haue called the lowe and broade kinde rubeole, but the higher sorte variole. Hippocrates. lib. 3. Epi. doth deuide these kindes of pushes into little and great ecthymata, in calling the steeper kinde magni herpete, either because (as Galene sayth) they occupie a great place, or else because they happen with a vehement gnawing. For in deede these sometimes appeare great in heyght only, sometimes both in height and breadeth. Cornelius Celsus lib. 5. medicinae suae in his treatise of impetigo remembreth two kindes of whelkes: the one some what small,Papulae C [...]lsi. which if it be dayly rubbed with fasting spittle, it waxeth whole: the other somewhat greater, wherein the skinne is made more sharpe, and is exulcerate, and groweth verie vehemently, and looketh red, and is hardly cured. He saith, that this is termed of the Greekes [...], in Latine fera. But in both these kindes he confesseth that there is lesse impediment or corruption then in impetigo, so that he affirmeth, that that euil, whose cure is harde, except it be taken away, doth chaunge and turne into impetigo. The Frenchmen (if I may iudge thereof) doe call both these kyndes, but especiallie the first, dartrae. For that euill beginneth to be verie round, and after the same manner it commeth (as it were) into a cyrcle, and creepeth slowelie.Dartrae Galinae. Which whelkes or pusshes doe agree in all thinges to be those, which are sayde of Celsus to be of the first kinde. Some doe constantly affirme that these whelkes so named of Celsus doe nothing differ from lychene among the Greacians, or the impetigo among the Latines. And we haue read that that onely authour among the Latines hath turned lychene into papulae. Mintagra a Latine worde vsed of Plynie, wherein he seemed in the beginning lib. 26. to haue altogeather meant another thing from impetigo, Mentagra. and that it was farre a waie a worse euill, then that which the Greekes comprehend vnder the name of lichene, although in his Physicke he hath interpreted sometime lichene among the Greekes to be impetigo, and the like disease called mentegra, he termeth also in the same place lichene. Furthermore the same Plinie reporteth,Plinie lib. 26. that this euill crept first into Italie in the raigne of Tiberius Caesar, which griefe in all the time before was vnknowen to all Europe, much lesse vnto Italie. It was of so great filthines and corruption, that any death was to be preferred or wished before it, and also of so great infection, that by the swifte passage thereof onely by kissing one another it infected the people but chiefely those that were gouerners and rulers among them. This euill beganne almost at the chinne, for that it did chiefely affect and annoie, whereuppon it toke this name mentagra. This perhappes is that scabbe, which certayne of the Frenchmen call mala dartra. Galene also seemeth to acknowledge this disease:Galene acknowledgeth mentegra. for in his first booke de medicam. compos. secundum locos, he remembreth a most vile kinde of impetigo of the chinne, which (as he rehearseth, out of Crito (prouoketh itcheing, it afflicteth also the patientes, and bringeh them into no small daunger. For sometime (sayth he) it runneth ouer the whole face, and goeth vppe to the verie eyes, and it causeth the greatest deformitie of the bodie almost that can be, which description of impetigo doeth consent in all thinges with the [Page 206] mentagra of Plinie. But they doe greatly erre, which doe thinke that this most contagious lichene called of Plinie, mentagra, is that disease which at this day commonly some do call Gallicum malum, M [...]rbus Neapolitanu [...], & venereum. some Neapolitanum, other some not bearing any hate or iniurie to their contries do call it venereum. For this infection was altogeather vnknowen to the ancient Phisitions, and also of the former age, and first of all it crept into Neapolis in the yeare after the incarnation of Christ. 1493. At which time Charles the eight, that most inuincible king of Fraunce did ouercome and winne the Alpes, going abount also to inuade Italie: although not long before, it had spred it selfe abroade through the countries of Spaine (as some report). Wherefor hauing as it were the originall & beginning from thence, it began to be called Hispanica lues, the spanish pestilence, which plague being sent vpon the earth as it were by the iust reuengment of God (as we may thinke) for their filthie and abhominable whoredome forbidden of God, hath corrupted and ouerthrowen with the cō tagion thereof a great part of humane kinde. For the same sicknes the magistrates and officers tasted of, the prysoners and captiues felt, the heades of their countries sustained, & the common people also were infected withall: so swift was the passage thereof from one to another, and now also it straieth and wandreth through the countries of Spaine, Fraunce, Italie and all Europe to the great annoiance of the people. There are also certaine pusshes besides these,Pustulae glandosae. rehersed euen now out of Auicene lib. 4. called glandosae, which do seeme to differ nothing from the disease called ganglion, but in respect onely of the lesser or the greater. There is mention also made by the same Auicene. lib. 3. of certaine whelkes, which he calleth in the same place, bothores iuncturarum, & in lib. 4. he calleth them almatim, which, because he sheweth that they be blacke, & resembling greene corne, they must doubtlesse be those which the Greekes call terminthi, Terminthi. which a little before we accounted among the species of phyma. These Celsus seemeth to compare vnto vari, which be spottes in the face, who also iudgeth them to be called of the Greekes helcodes, that is, vlcerosae, full of scabbes or sores.Pustulae albae These white and milkie pushes, so called of Rasis and Serapion, and of Auicene lenis bothor if their descriptions be throughly considered, they will seeme to partaine vnto the whelkes called of the Greekes Ionthi, which we in Latine haue named vari: although the selfe same remeadies, which Auicene hath set downe for them, be taught of Dioscorides for the disease ephelide (that is to saie) for the roughnes and swartnes of the face, being caused by the heate of the Sunne. Hitherto haue we intreated of the differences of tumours aboue nature, which chiefly haue their residence outwardly aboue the bodie. Now let vs proceede to declare the causes of them.

CAP. III. Of the causes of tumours aboue nature appearing vniuersally on the outside of the bodie.

THERE are two causes of tumours chauncing besides nature, agreed of among the latter sort of Physitions and Chyrurgians:The causes of tumours besides nature. that is to saie, generall and speciall causes. Generall causes are these, the fluxe, which the Greekes call [...], and the congestion or heaping togeather of humours. Againe by the same writers there are appointed to be six causes in number of this fluxe,Fluxionis causae. that is to saie. 1. the strength of the repulsiue member. 2. the weakenes of the retentiue. 3. the aboundaunce and plentie of matter. 4. the loosenes or fulnes of the poores of the bodie, through the which the fluxe happeneth. 5. the straighnes of the repulsiue partes. 6. & the lower situatiō of the place retayning the fluxe. But these may be reduced vnto foure heads, as vnto the repulsiue mēber, the part that reteineth, the state of the humour that floweth,Part propelleus. Particula excipens. [...] fluens. & the place or course, through the which the flowing chāceth. But the flux is prouoked either by the meanes of the expulsiue mēber, or because of the fortitude of the expulsiuever tue, or by reason of the naturall knitting togither that it hath with the retentiue mēber, or because of the straitnes of the particular poores, but some part receiueth the fluxe because [Page 207] it is either painefull, or hote, or somewhat weake, or seldome, and base, or settled in the neather roume. Furthermore by meanes of the humour there is a defluxion or flowing down into some part of the bodie, because it is in aboundance superfluous, of nature troublsome, and of substance thinne. But the space or place is a cause of the fluxe by reason of the largnes of the passages, as of the veynes, arteries and poores. But of congestion,Spatium. (which is the other generall cause of tumours which chaunce aboue nature) there are assigned two causes: (that is to say) the fault of the vertue nutritiue,Causes of congestion. and the imbecillitie of the vertue expulsiue. By the which things we gather, that hot tumours happen for the most part through the defluxion of humours, but colde tumours are rather prouoked by their congestion. But after what manner a hote fluxe excyteth the tumour,How a hote de fluxion prouoketh a tumour. Galen doth declare plainely and wittilie, in that little booke which he intituled inaequalis intemperis, writing after this manner. A hote discending of a fluxe (sayth he) assone as it hath once placed it selfe in the muscle, first the greater arteries and veynes are filled & stretched out, then by their meanes the lesser are distended, and so it proceedeth vntill it commeth to the least of all. In them, whē a fluxe is strongly compact togeather, and can no longer be conteyned, parte thereof issueth out through the extreame partes of them, and part is strained out through the holes of the tunicles, and is speadily sent forth, and then those voide places are filled with the fluxe, which are betweene the best and chiefest bodies. Thus all thinges proceeding of the humour do waxe hote in euerie place, and also are still poured forth. And these are they the synewes, the bindinges or ligaments, the small silmes, the verie flesh, and besides these, the arteries and veynes, wich truely being the principall, are diuersly and many waies afflicted aboue the rest. For inwardly by reason of the fluxe they are both made hote, and also are stretched out, and torne and pulled a sunder. And outwardly also, they are not onely made hote, but also are suppressed and made heauy. But the other partes of the bodie, some truely are onely made hote or kept downe, and some are affected with both. And this disease is called phlegmone. Hitherto Galen. Therefore in such kinde of tumours chauncing besides nature, which are caused of the flowing of humours, something alreadie (at the least waie at the beginning, and before the fluxe did beginne to striue) is made and engendred, and something is yet to come, and resteth in the generation. That which doth happen as yet, is the matter which went before, which as yet abydeth in the fluxe: but that which is engē dred alreadie, is the ioyned matter, which hath alreadie flowed: and is compact in the agrieued place. Hereupon therfore there must be vsed a diligēt care of the Physition in such kindes of phlegmone which as yet remaine in generation (as in all other tumours also, & diseases, which are yet in begetting, neither as yet haue obtained perfection) as Galen lib. 13. meth. med. doth declare thē to be known & perceiued, both by that which foreseeth,There is a twofold declaration, of all those euills which are yet in begetting. Speciall causes of tumours aboue nature. Praegressae. Antecedentes. VVhich are saide to be naturall humors. & that which cureth: but these things pertaine to an other kinde of study. But it is conuenient, that we set down the speciall causes of tumours which are aboue nature, to the which these three are commonly appointed: Primitiue causes, which we cal both praegressae & euidentes, & causes antecedent, which we name antecedentes, & ioyned causes, which we terme coniunctae or continentes. These be called of the Greekes, [...]. The primitiue causes are said to be these, which while they do worke any disease are separated, as a fall, a stripe, a blow, a bruise, a tumour, or a solution, or that euill which is committed by admitting a dissolut diet. Antecedent causes are those, which of themselues are fit & materiall to beget any disease or affect, as are four humours both naturall & not naturall. Naturall humours are those which serue to nourish the body, & haue their being with the blouds, & are comprehended vnder the name of bloud. Which if they be sent out from the veynes & arteries, they do sodenly congeale & gather togeather, wheather they flow without the body, or do remaine still in the place wherein they be conteined. But they call those vnnatural humours,VVhich are saide to be vnnaturall humours. which are founde seuered from the bloude with the which the bodie is norished, and by reason of their corruption and naughtines by their owne nature, are not nutritiue, the which doe sometime grow although they remaine in the aire which compasseth vs. And these as it were by a certaine kinde of prouidence of nature, being destyned and ordeyned for some vse, are demitted and sent into certayne receptakles, either into the vttermost partes of the bodie, and so engender vnkinde swellinges called abscessus, or [Page 208] whelkes, scabbes, defedations and alterations of the skinne, and vnnaturall swettes: or sometime by an insensible ayer inwardely infused they doe excite sweatinges. Sometime also they putrifie within, and beget feauers. But such like (say they) are improperly termed humours assuming to them selues the names of naturall humours. For they holde this opinion,VVhat iuices are properly termed natural humours. that onely those iuyces, which come from the liuer in the generation of bloude, and of nutrition and moysture, are properly to be termed naturall humours. Such are sincere and pure bloude, cholericke also, flegmaticke and melancholicke, by the which foure kindes all the partes of the bodie are generally, nourished and maintayned: some partes with a more pure, and (as I may saie) a more bloudie humour: other with a humour more cholericke, other with a flegmaticke, and other with a melancholicke, as the nature of euerie parte requireth. Therefore all the humours are conteined in the veynes and arteries, the which may appeare by their varietie of colour and consistencie (as Galene hath expressed in in libro de atra bile. Furthermore of those foure tumours which are called naturall,Of the foure natural humours: are engendred foure lawfull and [...]. VVhat tumors [...] of vnnatura [...] humours. foure especiall tumours are engendred, which are commonly called apostemata. In the which the swelling is verie bigge, and the matter doth offende rather in quantitie then in qualiltie. They are called by their proper names, phlegmone, erisypelas, aedema, scirrhus. Of tumuors not naturall (as it pleaseth the latter Physitions) doe procede abscessus, which they also call exiture and pustule, which they thinke cannot well be called apostemes. To the which they will adde and reduce two other kindes also, flatuous and waterie, which proceede of a fluible substaunce, and are cōmonly called apostemata ventesa & aquosa (that is) windie and waterish apostemes. There be therefore six titles attributed vn [...]o simple tumours, (that is) phlegmonosi, erysipelatosi, adematosi, scirrhosi, flatuosi, & aquosi. But the compounde tumours are not all called according to the concourse of humours, (because a great many may happen in one disease) but they are named by the predominant humour especially as we haue manifested heretofore, and will hereafter more plentifully in his owne place. But coniunctae causae or continentes of those tumours besides nature,Coniunctae causae tum [...]rū praier naturā. which they commonly call apostemata, pustule and exiture are matters and seuerall substances, which are founde to be aggregated and stuffed togeather in the affected parte, and which doe yet remaine after they haue excited the swelling: and while they encrease the tumours also doe greatly augment, and when they decrease, the tumours are deminished, and when their substaunce is vtterly spent and extinguished, the tumours also of them selues doe fall awaie. And this cause called coniucta or continens causa, of all the maladies and sundrie dispositions of the bodie, is after this manner by Auicene defined,VVhat it is which is called continens causa. that, when it is present, his disease alwayes accompanies him, and also when it is taken away, his disease also vanisheth. But for all this, some Physitions of our age, and those verie well learned, doe contende that Galene woulde admitte but two causes (that is to saie) an externall, and an internall (or as they saie nowe) a primitiue and an antecedent. Of the which that (he sayth) doeth happen to the bodie outwardely, which altereth and chaungeth the same greatly, the which alwayes is seperated, vntill it hath established his maladie, as heate, colde, the byting of a Scorpion. But the internall hath his being within the bodie, and doth presently procreate the maladie, as are humours affected besides nature. But they doe constantly affirme, that he neuer so much as dreamed of that, which they terme causa coniuncta, when as according to his opinion, euerie affect which letteth and hindereth the actions and duities of the bodie, is a maladie it selfe, and not the cause of a maladie, and that coniuncta causa, which Auicene and his secte haue inuented, according to their owne description, which they assigne vnto it, is nothing but a certaine kinde of affect letting the execution those duties partayning to the bodie: which is the verie definition of a maladie it selfe. And therefore they proue that it nothing differeth from a disease it selfe, which is wonte to preiudice those actions which agree with nature.Some thincke that coniuncta causa nothing differeth from the maladie it selfe. But because one, and the selfe same opinion hath occupyed all mens mindes of this latter age concerning this triple kinde of the causes of all such diseases, it shall not seeme altogeather absurde, if that I throughout all this treatise of myne, for playnesse sake, shall deuide and distinguishe these three causes, into these three kyndes and titles:: I meane primatiua, antecedens and coniuncta. [Page 209] And thus much for the causes of tumours happening besides nature. Nowe the course of our treatise doth exact, that we should adde the signes and tokens of the same, if that before, we shall intreat somewhat of the nature and generation of the abscessus. VVhat abscessus Galene thinketh to be. Abscessus therefore, called of the Greekes [...], and of the common Physitions exiture, are called of Galene (libro de tumoribus praeter naturam, & secundo ad Glauconem) dispositions, in which the partes of the bodie doe depart one from another, which before did touch and meete: for the matter which doth excite these tumours, being thrust out without the flesh of the muscle, doth bring the partes out of their places, and maketh them part and feuer. Therefore sayth Galene, there must of necessitie be a place voide in the middest, which borroweth either some flatuous moist, or tempered, or mixed substaunce from the partes, which in length of time is altered, into many and sundrie substaunces. But there is a double kind of these abscessus, one is, when as the inflammation being turned into matter,Two kindes of abscessus Gal. lib. 14. Thera. meth. & lib. 2. ad Glauconem. the matter it selfe is packed vp togeather in a corner or hole: the other is, when as no inflammatiō proceeding or going before, a certaine humour either vaporous, or else a substance mixed of both parts, is in some part collected togither which also happeneth two waies: for either in the space lying betweene the seuered partes, such like substaunce is engendred, or else it runneth into the partes them selues, and that eitheir in the beginning, or else that waie by the which those diseases happen called [...]: [...]. which (saith Galene) then doe chaunce, when as humours which before haue infested and greaued some one parte, doe thence remoue, and are inforced into another. And this substaunce, which begetteth this abscessus, worketh him selfe a place betweene the skine and the flesh. And in time it doth flea of all the skinne, either because it is very vehement, or else because the plentie of matter doth putrifie, and so breake the skinne. But if those humours, with the which, the space situated betwene the seuered partes is filled, doe continue any time: they haue (as I saide before) many alterations, and are chaunged into many substaunces, which doe represent the proprieties not onely of humours, but euen of solide and harde bodies. For you shall finde sundrie matters within these spaces, some like vnto stones,VVhat things may be found in abs [...]essus. some to grauell and sand, some to wood, some to coales, some to durte, some to the foame of oyles, some to the dregges of wine, the varietie of substaunces, some ignoraunt men haue thought to proceede from the force of incantation.

CAP. IIII. Of the signes of tumours besides nature generally appearing togeather with the iudgements therof.

TVMOVRS besides nature, being resyaunt in the extreamest partes of the bodie (the examining and speculation whereof doth appartaine to the chirurgion) being surueyed by the iudgement of the senses,Generall signes of tumours aboue nature. & the affected parts being touched and felt with the handes are easilie descried and knowen. For in euery part of the bodie there appeareth a certaine kinde of encreasing exceeding the naturall state, and distending aboue the measure of nature that parte which it affecteth, and it letteth the duities or actions thereof, because either some humour, or some such substaunce proceeding of the humour, or which doe fauour somewhat of the nature of the humour, or a vaporous spirite hath excyted it, there also must needes happen a tumour besides nature. But the tumours which they call true Apostemes, are discerned by their swelling, by their paine, & by their heate, being stretched out more or lesse. But they are not counted to be true apostemes in deed, which we haue termed pustule & abscessus, besides that tumour, which maladie the Grecians call cacôethia, and also in the greater or lesser sequestratiō, determinata. But the signes of euery particular difference,Particular signes. & of their matters wherof they be engēdred, shalbe declared in their due place, in that which followeth. In the meane time we will handle the simple differēces of those tumours, which are aboue nature, by the which the compounde differences shall also be easely knowen. But we must not [Page 210] come vnto particular thinges, before we haue throughly discoursed of vniuersall, for that order is wonte to be obserued in the institutions of the Artes neither truely vnworthely or without cause. For those vniuersall and common thinges are more manifest vnto vs then particular, because these particular things are more confused and more mixed one with an other (as Aristotle teacheth lib. 1. Physicorum cap. 1. Let no man therefore maruell, though euerie where in this treatise of chyrurgie, we alwayes beginne of more common thinges, and of those which comprehende many thinges vnder them. But let vs returne to our purpose, 1 & let vs prosecute the iudgements of tumours consisting aboue nature. In the which first of all we must note,Iudicia. that all those tumours which they call true apostemes (if we will credit Galene and Auicene) are greatly complicate and folded togeather, neither can any of them be easely iudged or founde, out to be pure and sincere: for (as Galene sayth) with phlegmone (that is) with an inflammation comming of bloude,Lib. de diffe. [...]. there is something chiefly mingled which doth preserue the nature either of erysipelas, or aedema, or scirrhus. But erysipelas, because it representeth a kinde of phlegmone, or aedema, or scirrhus, and so likewise cō sider & marke in all the rest of the tumours. But truely those tumours besides nature, which they terme not true apostemes, are verie often found sincere and pure. But we will handle the cures of simple and sincere tumours in those thinges which followe, by the which the remeadies also of compound & intricate tumours shall manifestly appeare. For I thinke it good to discourse of all the kindes of tumours, and also to dispose aright that which shall seeme superfluous. For if a man shall knowe all the simple tumours, and learne after what manner they be compounded togeather, he shall be furnished sufficiently to exercise him selfe particularly in the rest. But now let vs set other opinions and iudgementes generally concerning the tumours them selues. Periodi, paroxismi, and the crises of tumours besides nature doe followe the analogia of the humours whereof they be conflated or engendred (Guido affirming the same) which analogia, we here declare to be a propertie, or proportion, a nature, or a likenes of substaunce, which they call forma specefica & occulia, a speciall and hidden forme. Such kinde of tumours, especially they which be holsome, & which are caused of the flowing of humours,Foure times of tumours besides nature. are distinguished by foure times (that is to say) by their beginning, by their increasing, by their state, and by their declination. The 1 signe of their beginning is, when the member beginneth to be stretched out, and when the beginning of fluxe is present,Principium. but yet with small griefe. We may also iudge augmentation 2 to be present, when we see the tumour to be raised: like a heape or pyle, and the place affected to be filled,Augmentum. and the symptomates, which are wont to followe euerie tumour, to be 3 manifestly increased. But the token of their state is, when all the aforesaide thinges (that is to say) the tumour,Status. and the symptomates of the differences of euerie tumour, hath his owne proper force and vigoure: neither can they any longer admit any encreasing but the 4 matter causing the tumour doth degenerate and chaung it selfe into another kinde of substance.Declinatis. But their declination is then knowen to be present, when the pyle of the tumour, and the proper symptomates thereof are decreased and diminished, or when the matter which prouoketh the tumour beginneth to be transformed into another substance. Therefore such kinde of times do receiue their differences from three kindes especia [...]ly (that is to say) from the essence of the tumour it selfe (that is) from the greatnes or smallnes,The times of tumours doe take their difference from three thinges chiefly. from the disposition of the matter, and from the accidentes, which doe very much alter the declaration of the cure. But these foure times, sometime doe seeme to happen altogether, because of the short hardnes of euerie one of them, which almost cannot be perceiued, (as it chaunceth in venemous inflammations,) yet not mortall or deadly, which straight way do flourish and increase.Tumoures aboue nature are contained vnder 4 modes. Furthermore these kinde of tumours, which doe chiefly happen through the influxiō of humours, except they be hindred by repressing the matter that floweth, or except they lurke secretly within, either of their own accorde, or without any manifest cause (the fluxe hauing recourse thither:) it is necessarie that they should be comprehē ded vnder one of these foure either vnder insensible exhalation or resolution, or vnder suppuration, or putrefaction, or induration & hardning. But of all these waies the best and the most to be desired is that which is made by an insensible dissolution, & next to that, that which cōmeth by suppuration or mattering. But that which is caused by induration & hardning [Page 211] is said to be euill, & that which happeneth by the corruption of the affected part is to be thought the worst of all, the which Galen doth insinuate in libello de inaequali intemperie, Gal. lib. de inaequali intemtemperie. writing on this manner. Therefore of the two, we must of necessitie followe the one, either that the bodie be putrified and corrupted, because fluxion is predominant, or else we must graunt, (that this putrifaction being resisted and ouercome) the musckle must returne to his naturall habite and constitution. Let vs therefore imagine that all fluxion is withstood and impeached, then you haue two meanes to cure it, either by digesting those humoures which were in the affected part, or by dissoluing or loosening them: of these the dissolution is best. But in the concoction of the humours, these two thinges are speciallie required: vi [...]. the perfect generation of the matter, and also his abscession into some space by it selfe. And a little beneath he addeth also these wordes. But if that fluxion do make the parts as it were subiect to it, then they do fall to so great an intemperature, that their ordinarie action perisheth and in processe of time they are corrupted and putrified. Thus farre Galene. The tokens of dissolution and loosening of the humours are these,Signes of dissolution. Signes of putrifaction. Signes of induration. Signes of the regression and lurking of a tumour. the softnesse of the sore, and the little throbbing and beating thereof. But the signes of predominant fluxiō, and of the putrifaction of the part it selfe, are the blacke & blew colour, to which also sometime happeneth an odious stinch. But the tokens of a stonie hardnesse of the tumour are, the imminution of the tumour, and also the extreame hardnesse therof. The notes & signes also of the egestion and lurking of the tumour, are the sodeine diminution thereof, which chaunceth sometime by to much refrigeration and coldnesse, sometime by reason of a secrete venime, which lurketh in the place. And this same sodaine and oftē imminution of the tumour, succeedeth commonly some feuer, and also other euill simptomates. And thus farre of the signes & tokens of these tumours. Which our common Phisitions haue comprehended vnder this name Apostema. The tokens also of those tumours which we call pustulae, shall not be forgotten, when we shall haue occasion to handle them. But the tokens and signes of the abscesse [...], commonly called exiturae, either these which do foreshew their comming, or else those which do manifest their presence alreadie, are these. When thou seest (saith Auicene) pulsation and beating, or hardnesse to haue continued a great time,Signes of Abscessiō to come and also that the griefe togither with much heate doth augment, then you may imagine that the next euent that followeth is, that the Aposteme wilbe turned into matter and suppuration, and so consequently to be an Abscession. But when thou findest that the place is soft,Signes of Abcession alreadie present. and that the griefe is somewhat asswaged, and the heate mitigated, and that one place of the tumour is supereminent aboue the rest, and againe if by thrusting it with your finger, you shall perceaue a waterish inundation to subsist, and againe that the colour of his top shall wax white, then you may well thinke that the tumour is mattered, and also that it is turned into Abscession. And therefore it was verie well iudged of Hippocrates, that Feuers did oftenner happen,Aph. 47. lib 2 when that the matter was in ripening, then when it was alreadie come to his maturitie. Moreouer the markes & tokens as well of the present Abscession, as also of the Abscession to come are comprehended in these common verses:

Durities longae, pulsus, dolor, & calor aucti,
Signant pus fieri: sed factum, dictae remissa.
Sub digitis vndans, albescens pars & acuta.

which may be thus Englished:

By hardnesse long, by pulse and griefe, and eke by heate encreasd,
We knowe that matter doeth approch: but made we iudge indeede,
If that it yealdes to finger weight, and whitenesse doeth appeare,

—and painefull be also.

But you must be verie attentiue and vigilaunt in discerning and iudging of the matter it selfe. For the manifest knowledge of the matter and suppuration is sometime withholden from the Phisition by reason of the thickenesse of the skinne in the which it is included, (as it is proued by this Aphorisme of Hippocrates.Aph. 41. lib. 6.) Whosoeuer is ignorant of the suppuration which is in the bodie, his ignoraunce proceedeth of the thickenesse of the matter, or of the place, wherin it is comprehended. And thus much for the signes of Abscessions. Nowe of the iudgementes of them, these thinges are deliuered vnto vs of [Page 212] Auicene and his sect.Indicis abscessuum. Abscessions which are planted neare vnto anie strong member or vnto anie iuncture or ioynt, and in those places where there are most veynes and sinewes, and againe in a weake parte, hauing gathered his debilitie by the defect of naturall heate, being indurate also and couered with a thicke skinne, conteyning also thicke matter, and so the more slowe in motion, the outward place being plaine also, and euen, not ascending like a little hillocke, I say, such a like sore is greatly suspected, and verie hardlie and slowlie ripened, and such a one as is euerie way by description opposite and contrarie to this,VVhat abscessions may easily be digested. is of good and laudable habite, for both soone and easilie it mattereth, and oftentimes also (no outwarde medicine aiding or assisting) of it selfe it gapeth and openeth. If therefore the abscession doe growe vp into a sharpnesse, and the substance of the matter be thinne, and the skinne not thicke or harde, of his owne nature and power it will expell and thrust foorth the conceaued humour without anie forreine aide, vnlesse a man by making incision will anteuert and preuent his voluntarie opening.VVhat abscession may soonest be ended through resolution. Such like Abscessions are digested sometime by breathing or winde (no solution being made subiect within the skinne,) but that happeneth when the matter is small in quantitie, good, and thinne, and not sticking verie deepe. But if there be anie emissarie, or way made into the tumour either by nature or by Art, the humour conceaued within doeth breake foorth oftener then digest. But that opening or apertion which is made by nature, is a great deale safer, then that which is made by the hand: but if it be so, that it must be mollified by Art,Abscessions are saflier opened with a [...] then with ruptor [...]ū medicamentū you shall saflier doe it by a sharpe penne knife, or other cleare and bright instrument of yron, then by that medicine which they call ruptorium medicamentum. And therefore (as before I sayed) euerie apertion, which is made and enforced by Art, is worse then that which nature affoordeth of it selfe, because such like manuell openinges to make the matter rancke, may perhappes tourne into Fistula. But when necessitie vrgeth, and when wee can not vse a better remedie, wee must boldlie attempt that. And by this meanes you shall eschewe those discommodities, which before I named, if (when the matter so requireth) you doe seasonablie make apertion, and by that meanes hasten the ripening of the other baggadge which lurketh in the tumour. Hippocrates in his last Oracle of his first booke of Praedictions hath expressed the verie notes and markes of the worst matter,The notes of the best and worst matter, out of Hippoc. and of the best, speaking after this manner. That matter it esteemed best, which is of colour white, and euerie way like it selfe, and soft, and gentle to the toucher, and as little vnpleasant to the nose as may be. And that which is euerie waye contrarie to this, is the worst of all. But the tokens and signes of all the other humours and solide substances also which are included in these abscessions, shall be manifested and shewed in their particular Chapters, as they shall by consequence and order ensue.

CAP. V. Of the generall method of curing of all tumours besides nature, but of those especiallie vvhich proceede from the influxion of humours, as Apostemes, and Abscessions commonly called Exiturae.

OF all Tumoures aboue nature, as well those which are alreadie ingendred, as those which are not yet in generation,The common order of curing of tumours there is one common and principall order of curing (as it is in Galene lib. 13. and 14. method. Medic.) namely that that, which is aboue nature resident in any member, and raiseth the same into a Tumour,The common method of curing of tumors doe chaunge according to the difference of the tumour and the member affected. should altogether be emptied out. But those which are yet in begetting, in them there is a certaine obstruction of the humour that floweth to the aggrieued place, before the euacuation. In them therefore there is required a diligent and singular care of the Phisition, to declare the cure of them. But these common manifestations, according to the difference of the Tumour it selfe, and the nature of the affected membre, doe verie much differ and alter. For truely in all Tumours alreadie ingendred, and in euerie part of the bodie, the euacuation of that which annoyeth, and infesteth, is in no case to be vsed and [Page 213] ministred, as Galene teacheth libro 2. ad Glauconem, and in the places aboue recited, which also shall manifestlie appeare in that which followeth. But we must not cure those tumors with such remedies, which are yet but beginning and occupying euerie member, or emptie, out that which is alreadie ingendred in them, but we are enforced (if we intend to followe the right order of curing) to vse sometime one remedie, sometime another, which is of force to stop the fluxe, and auoide out that which is engendred, so farre foorth, as the kinde of the tumoure and the nature of the affected member doeth require.The order of curing of tumors is chiefly taken from two things. Galene therefore chieflie draweth the demonstrations of the cure of tumoures aboue nature from these two thinges. vidz. from the disposition it selfe or essence of the euill, and from the nature of the affected member. Moreouer the disposition of the euill (which we haue nowe in hande, or the essence thereof doeth comprehend three thinges in it, according to the iudgement and consent of the later sort (that is) the quantitie, the qualitie,The essence of a tumour doth containe three thinges in it. and the matter or substance which prouoketh the tumour. By the meanes whereof that chiefe and common declaration is chaunged, and from them is taken also the perticular order of curing. For a great tumour is cured one way, and a small tumour another way. For the difference of them is knowen by their greatnesse and smallnesse (as some suppose.) And one way is a mightie phlegmone, & another way a little herpes healed. Otherwise also is that Tumour remedied, which is caused by fluxe, and is yet in begetting, then that which it procreated through congestion, or is alreadie ingendred and congealed. Also a hote tumour as Erysipela [...] is otherwise cured then a colde, as is oedema and schirrus. The quantitie therefore which in a tumour aboue nature varieth the cure is either great or small. The qualitie is the fluxe, or (as some tearme it) the deriuation and congestion. The Matter thereof is the humour, be it either hoate or colde.Foure thinges to be considered chiefly in the nature of affected members. But in the nature of affected members foure thinges chieflie are to be considered. vidz. their temperature, their forme or fashion, their situation or place, and their power and strength. To the which also may be added a fift thing, which is the facilitie (as I may terme it) and difficultie of the senses. Except you will with Galene comprehend and containe it vnder the last thing, which is the vertue and strength of the tumour. These things therefore also doe much alter that generall order of curing, which is commonly obserued throughout all kinde of tumours aboue nature. It is therefore requisite, that, in curing those tumoures which chaunce besides nature, we remember all those declarations which are taken from them. For Phlegmone, or anie other tumour which hath his abode in the fleshie parts of the bodie, is otherwise cured then those which are situated in the sinewie places: otherwise in the eye, then in the knee or neck: and otherwise are the kernels in the throte cured, then those which are resident in other parts of the bodie. But to be short, the temperature, the fashion, the situation and the strength of the member that is affected, and beset with the tumour, do change all those operations, which we shal attempt and proue in their cure: reteyning still that generall intention,Libro 2. ad Glauconem. The order [...]f handling that which followeth. which Galene hath taught to be alwayes taken from the disease. Therefore first we haue here decreed to set downe a common & generall method of curing of tumours aboue nature▪ especially of those, which are caused through the influxion of humours, taking their manifestation from the affect or euill it selfe, nothing respecting the affected part. Afterward we will teach the vniuersall cure of them, but chieflie of inflammations, when as they shall degenerate and change into abscessions. Then moreouer we will declare the perticular order of curing all differences, especially of those which be simple, by whose proportion or Analogie, the cure of compound tumours shall easilie be learned. And in the meane time, as the place shall require, we will rehearse out of Galene certaine thinges concerning the order of curing, which haue their assumption from the partes which are affected, & as it were besieged with a tumour which things being rightly weighed and considered, it shall be easie for anie reasonable Phisition or Chiruigian▪ by our certaine methode & order,The finding out of the [...] is the beginning of the cure of tumours aboue nature. to cure all kind of tumours which are insident in anie part of the bodie. We therefore imitating Galene, will draw the beginning of the cure of tumours which are said to be aboue nature frō the flowing of ingendred humors and from the inuention of the cause of the verie euill, that so both the causes which excite the same, may be preuented, and that which is alreadie ingendred in it may be taken away. Therefore by the example and analogie of one difference of tumours, which are caused thorough [Page 214] defluxion (for here we mind to intreate only of them) we will vnderstand also other differences,Phlegmone quod. which do grow through the flowing of humours. And here we will set downe a briefe and compendious curing of one kind of phlgemone, which chanceth verie often, and procureth feauers and other verie daungerous euilles and simptomates. But in this place vnder the name of phlegmone, our intent is not to comprehend euerie hote and flaming disposition▪ which the Greekes call phlogosis, but that onely which proceedeth by the meanes of a bloudie fluxe, chieflie incident to fleshie and fat bodies, wherin is vehement paine, & rednesse appearing in the outward parts, and as it were a burning heate, a stretching out, and a striuing or thrusting, and when the euill is increased, there is sence of the pulses beating. For this inflammation with Galene and other Greeke writers, as Paulus, Aetius, and Oribasius, which do followe him as their best guide,Gal. lib. 13. me [...]h. med. The common ingendring of euery phlegmone. we properlie call phlegmone. That we may therefore come to the matter it selfe, these are the verie wordes of Galene. The common ingendring of euerie phlegmone commeth by the influxion of bloud, and that more aboundantlie then was wont to happen to that member. For bloud doeth flowe verie aboundantly (sometime one or other member sending it foorth) and that part doth entertaine and receaue it, which beginneth to be affected with phlegmone: but sometime that member which is afflicted doeth drawe it vnto it selfe. But the partes which sendeth it foorth do driue out the iuyce, being either superfluous by reason of the plentie therof, or grieuous bicause of the qualitie, or els because of both. But they which are attractiue, do draw or pull with a sicklie heate or griefe. But to these also are adioyned certaine helping causes. vidz. the weaknesse and basenesse of the member, the fulnesse of the conduites and passages thorough which the flux passeth, the straitnesse also & narrownesse of the poores & expulsiue parts, & the inferiour place,The helping causes of flux. Three orders are set downe for the cure of those tumours which are caused, through the influxion of humours. Primus scopus. P [...]ethora quod. as we haue already declared. Therfore of all these, there are three intentions or orders of curing those tumours, which haue their beginning of flowing, collected & gathered of the later sort of Chirurgians. 1. The first is to turne away the fluxe, & preuent it altogether. 2. The second is, to mitigate the griefe, & altogither to remoue that cause, for the which, the member intertaineth or also draweth the flux vnto it. 3. The third is to empty out all that humour that hath flowed to the aggrieued place. But how the first intention should be finished, Galen hath fitly taught li. 13. meth. med. where he declareth vnto vs all the waies to auert & turne away the flux, & the meanes to stop & inhibite phlegmone, which as yet remaineth in generation, writing after this manner: when humours are equally augmented amongst them selues (which the Greekes call plethora) yea also when all the bodie is void of excrements & doth containe a mediocrity of iuicie humours, (paine & the heate of that mē ber also wherin phlegmone raigneth raising the flux) through the emission of bloud we helpe and remedy phlegmone which now beginneth to rule. Plethora also is cured both with often bathing and with exercise, and also with much friction and rubbing. Furthermore it is cured by medicines that will digest, so that a feuer be not present, and besides all these it is helped through hunger, & a good diet, although the sick be feuerous. But when the body is stuffed either with melancholie, or choler, or fleume, or with other clammie & viscous humors (which state of the bodie the Greekes call cacochymia) the euacuation thereof must be laboured by a purgation,Cacochymia. which is a fit remedie for euerie humour that raigneth. But of them we will speake more at large in their perticular Chapters.Antispasis. Nowe Antispasis (that is) a reuulsion the contrarie way, is a common remedie against all these kind of tumours, while the fluxe doeth yet stronglie preuaile, as in the beginning and encreasing of the euill: but in the end of the state, and in the declination thereof, while the fluxe nowe remaineth and sticketh in the member, and the whole bodie is sufficientlie emptied, the euacuation must be attempted and fetched either from the affected part, or from that which is next adioyned thereunto.Secundus scopus. The second intention contayneth remedies to prouoke sleepe. vidz. which do mitigate paine, and also bind and preuent the fluxe. Morouer it teacheth remedies, which are able to loosen and dissolue the naturall poores, by the which the affected member is wōt to be throughly purged. But the matter of all these shall be aboundantly described hereafter.Tertius scopus But we will handle the third intention, which is perfited with such things as do euacuate the matter that exciteth the tumour, from the affected place. And that matter is euacuated not only by medicines which do euaporate & dissolue, but also by such as do repell and represse [Page 215] such as the Greekes call [...]. And therefore in the beginning of these phlegmonous tumors, and other whatsoeuer do deriue their beginning from the influxion of humours, we may rather vse repressing medicines, then those which do euaporate: except in certaine cases, of the which (saith Guido) Galene seemed to haue appointed foure.Cases in which we may not vse repelling or repressing remedies. 1. The first is, when that such tumours be in cleane and pure members. 2. The second is, when the subiect therof is venimous. 3. The third is when the matter is thicke, and not pliable to repulsion. 4. The fourth is, when it is verie vehementlie packed togither. Auicene excepteth only two causes, vidz. when it happeneth in anie cleane or pure part, or in any other place, out of the which it is to be feared that the matter will flowe to some principall part of the bodie. Some other appoint onely one cause, other sixe, other tenne, other nineteene, other twentie three. But before we do establish any thing of this so doubtfull a cause, we must know that there be two kinds of repulsiues, both amongst the late Phisitions & also the Arabians (that is to say) common & proper.Repellentia communi [...]. Common repulsiues are such as do inhibite all flux keeping vnder & repressing the same, & that is done either by cooling it, or by thickening it, or else by stuffing it (that is) by reason of the thicknes of his substāce, by shutting & occluding the poores & wayes wherby it would flow out, or else by confirming the parts affected These things following do represse flux by refrigeration & cold, sengreene, lettuce, psillium, cotyledon (that is to say (vmbilicus Veneris, lenticula palustris, caphura. And these also do stuffe & stop the passages farma called volatilis, the white of an egge, amylum, gluten, & the kindes of gummes. To conclude all such things as do refrigerate with ease and without biting. But those thinges which doe confirme and roborate (I meane such as do restore the naturall temperature to the part affected) as oyle of roses, oleum omphacinum, oile of mirtles, oyle of chammomill, absynthium, horehound, nux cupressi, and such like thinges, which being applied do strengthen the affected part, and so do free it and defend it from all imminent flux. But proper repulsiues are such, as when the humoures doe slide into some other part,Repellentia propried [...]ia. doe meete with the same, and do enforce them to retire againe. And these are to be vsed then, when the member is grown thicke, as attractiue medicines are commonly applied to thinne Tumoures. Of these manie are of a colde qualitie, and manie of a hoate, but both sortes, (that is) both hote and cold are in operation astringent, and binding. The medicines repressing which of nature are cold, are these, vine leaues, plantaine, nightshade dipsacos, Frigida rep [...]imen [...]a. vidz. virga pastoris, or bursapastoris, Glaucium, balaustium, omphacium, sumach, terra c [...]lia, commonly so called, and terra sigillata, and others of that kinde. Those be the simples out of the which manie compoundes are made, as oxycratum, the ointment of bole, the ointment of Galene, and such like. But the hote repulsiues are, allome, Cipresse nuttes,Callida repellentia. called galbulae iuuens rotundus or odoratus, called of the Grecians [...], called also blatta biz▪ intia, lupinorum farina, and certaine austere and sharpe wines, and manie other such like things. But we will set downe the whole order of applying of repelling medicines in the beginning of fluxions, prescribed by Guido in two seuerall prologues. In the beginning of all tumoures,The first prologue of Guido in repressiue things. which proceede from the influxe of humoures, but especially of such humoures as are phlegmonous, it will be auailable to vse repulsiues as they are called, these tenne causes onely excepted, that is to say, when the tumour is in a fat member, or when it proceedeth of a venimous matter, or a substaunce which is verie thicke, and so vnfit to be repelled, or else, when the humour is vehemently packed in the affected part, and deepely also, if the Tumour be inclined to suppuration, or descending from a primitiue cause,Gal. 2. ad Glauconem. if it be in a plethoricke or full bodie and verie weake, if it be seated next vnto a principall member: to conclude, if it happeneth with vehement griefe, for in these cases, we may better vse medicines, which will mitigate the tumour and the paine thereof, rather then such as shall repell and resist the humoures. The seconde Prologue is after this manner.The second Prologue. In the beginning of all tumoures, but chieflie of those which are phlegmonous, common repulsiues are profitable: (three cases onelie excepted,) that is, if the tumour happen in those partes which are called glandulose, if they be enclined to suppuration, or if they proceede of a venimmous matter. And in all these cases, but especially then, when the humour doth stand, and when the fluction consisteth, and is almost made a tumour, it is behouefull to dissolue and scatter the matter, applying to the swolne place, diaphoretica, not biting or sharpe, but milde,Si [...]umeri [...] factus est. [Page 216] and gentle, being moderately hote and moyst, but this must be done principallie in the three last remembred cases, in the which we must endeuour to attract and drawe the matter which is dispearsed, to the head, where the tumour most appeareth, and we must encrease the tumour as much as we can, and so inhibite the course and fluxion of the mixed humours. Which truely we may sometime do, by vsing attractiue emplaisters, and oftentimes by fastening cupping glasses to the aggrieued place,Emplastri [...]. C [...]c [...]bicula. [...] canon generalis. (as Auicene teacheth.) Let this therfore be a generall rule or canon of art, In the beginning of all tumours, which proceede of the influxion of humours, (those three excepted which were named a little before) onelie pure repressiues are to be vsed. But in their increasing we must mingle with these repulsiues, some of those thinges which do dissolue and discusse. But in the state of tumours, yea and somewhat before the state, wee must commix repressiue medicines equallie with discussiue, and when there is declination present, or the end of the state, we may lawfully vse onely resoluing and releasing remedies: to conclude, so long as the humour doeth yet abound, we must labour to repell it, and driue it away: but if the fluxe doth still remaine, we must seeke to digest it. But if it dependeth vppon both, (that is to say) that partly somthing hath alreadie flowed, and cleaueth fast to the place, and partly some thing may yet abound and flow: then it shall be lawfull to vse commixed remedies, (that is) partly those, which can resolue & vnbind, and partly those which are able to bring backe, and repell. For (contrary diseases being gathered into one place togither, we must vse also compound cures, as Galene saith. 13. Therap. Furthermore, al these things truly are to be vnderstood, as thus, if a tumour aboue nature is to be dispatched & cured by resoluing medicins, or (that I may speake generallie) by the way of resolution. But their cures, whereby we will finish all those intentions whereof we intreated before, according to their diuerse matter that exciteth the tumour shall be described and declared in their perticuler Chapters, as by consequence and order they shall followe.

CAP. VI. Of the cure of abscessions generallie. DE CVRATIONE ABSCESSVVM IN VNIVERSVM.

Of the cure of tumors which are turned into abscessions, which they cal Exit [...]ra. BVT if Phlegmone, or anie other Tumour doeth degenerate and turne into Abscessus, the cure thereof in the beginning is finished and ended (as saith Galene lib. 2. ad Glauconem) by helpes and remedies that doe mitigate, which the Greekes call chalastica, (that is) by resoluing and remitting medicines: of the which nature and force is that medicine, which is called of Galene tetrapharmacum, being verie softe, and prouoking sleepe: with the which according to the opinion of the same Galene. lib. 13. Therap. there must be commixed a little honie.Tetrapharmacum. But Tetrapharmacum consisteth of foure thinges, of the which there must be of euerie one a little portion or quantitie (that is to say) of waxe, of rosen, of the gumme of the herbe colophonia, which distilleth from the roote thereof, and of bulles tallow. But in processe of time, we must passe ouer vnto those things, which are able to concoct and digest, or to ripen and bring to suppuration. But those, which are tourned into another kinde (that is) into another substaunce, and that altogether besides nature, they are to be remoued and cured by the Art of Chirurgie. Moreouer in remouing them according to the counsell of Galene. 14. Therap. it shalbe requisite to consider, that among all the wayes and meanes, whereby we intend to finish our purpose, we should alwayes make choice of the best of them.The best order of curing is declared three wayes. The best meanes and wayes are declared and manifested vnto vs, three manner of wayes: vidz. by the shortnesse of the time to cure in, by curing without paine, and chieflie by curing saflie, & without danger. Againe that thou maist cure saflie, there are three 1 espciall things diligentlie to be considered. The first, & the chiefest is, that you throughly attaine 2 to the perfection of your labour. 2. The other is, that if you can not attaine to the same, 3 yet at the least, that you hurt not the sick. 3. The third is, that the euill or disease may not easilie returne or come againe. By these considerations, if you will declare the best methode of curing, you shall find in all those tumoures before mencioned, when the cure is to be ended [Page 217] by the helpe of Chyrurgie, and when by the force of medicines. But truely the studie of Chyrurgie in these chiefly, which how we doe intreat of, (that is) in those tumours, which are altogether aboue nature, doeth make and tend to the killing and destroying of them, and doth wholy declare, after what sorte they may be taken away. But if it cannot bring this to passe, the next counsell is, to transferre the euill, as we vse to do in those humours called Hypochyma [...], (that is to say) the webbe in the eye. But that which is fetched from medicines, doth first tende vnto this end, that that which is aboue naiure, may both turne into matter, & also into putrefaction: but this he appointeth in the second place. These thinges hath Galene. Therefore when the partes, which are troubled with phlegmone, do beate very vehemently, so that now you begin to despaire of their cure, (they being not yet mattered:) all the auncient Chyrurgians (sayeth Galene 4. Therap.) do minister and apply such kind of medicines,Ex lib. 4. Therap. meth. which do speedily procure matter: but before it be mattered, they vse none at all. And although those partes which are annoyed with phlegmone, be annointed with a cataplasme, which may both heat them and moisten them, and bring them to suppuration, yet the same doth not appeare by the first reason or way, that is, as the remedy and helpe of the euill, but as the mitigating & easing of the symptomate, that is, of the paine. For truely the remedies of phlegmone are of a drying nature. And the same Galene addeth moreouer a litle after, that a short and compendious cure of those partes which are affected with phlegmone is quickly ended & dispatched, by remedies which are able to drie and vnbind, which truely do altogether either remoue the affect, or else, if they leaue behind them some litle relict, which may turne to suppuration, it is needfull to vse some other sharpe medicine, which is able to bring out the matter, or if the skin about the tumour be thinne, and you willing, speedily to ease the sicke, you necessarily must vse incision. And this truely is that, which Auicene sayth, namly,Auicene. that the cure of an Aposteme, (as it is an Aposteme) is the extraction & drawing out of the straung matter which raiseth the Aposteme. But to declare the remedies of them, wherwith it is expedient to draw and moue the matter, & to manifest other thinges also, which we spoke of a litle before, they are to be sought, out of their particular Chapters. Furthermore,VVhē Abscessiōs are chiefly to be cut and opened. the Abscession being already come to Suppuration, or chaunged, or strongly compact together, if the matter, or any other baggage therin conteined, be not discussed & dissolued, or if, in conuenient season, and while the occasiō is offered, it be not opened without the labour of the hand, you must make an issue by incision for that, which otherwise will not be digested. But this thing chiefly is to be proued and interprised, if there be feared any erosion or gnawing to ensue,A mattered tumour is more saf [...] opened with a knife, thē with burning medicines. Lib. 13. Ther. A section imitating the oliue or mirtle leafe. Great harte commeth by wide incisions. VVhy ma [...]tered imposthumes about the share must be [...]ut ouerthwart. Seuen thinges to be diligētly marked in the apertion of an abscession already ma [...]tered. or any other daunger yea if necessitie commandeth, it ought straight way to be opened, and the matter to be drawen out, as speadily & safely as is possible, for the cause before alleaged. But Apertion is made more safely with a knife, then with burning and scalding medicines, if nothing do hinder it, and commonly such kind of phlegmonous tumours, being already turned into suppuration, are opened with a penknife. Moreouer Apertion, or the letting out of the matter ought to be done, by reason, both of the aboundance of matter there gathered together, and also of the affected place. But if any part of the mattered member, shall seeme to be putrified & rotten, it is needful to cut it of, to the forme or liknesse of an oliue or mirtle leafe, that it may heale the more easily. But Galene commandeth to auoid & eschew alwayes any great incisions, who did heale such kind of mattered tumours, both in the partes about the priuy membres, and also in the armeholes onely by incision (as he vsed chiefly to do) and by medicines that were of force to dry: Now if neede sometime required to cut of somwhat, by reason of the plenty not only of matter, but also of the corrupted partes, he vsed no greater incision thē the breath of a great mirtle leafe. For by wide & large sections, whē the member is brought vnto a scarre, besides that it is made most filthie, it also becommeth very weake, and vnfit to moue withall. But these kind of sections imitating the mirtle leafe are vsed in those tumours especially, which do matter vnder the armeholes, and about the share. And in those truely, the lenghtes of them must be drawen ouerwart, and not by the straitnesse or rightnesse of the legge or body: for when we bend the legge or the arme, the skinne naturally doeth apply it selfe with it. But in other places, we alwayes almost do vse simple incisions. Now in this apertion or incision, seuen thinges are especially to be marked, according to the consent of the later Chyrurgians. First that incisiō be made in that place wherin the matter is conteined.1 [Page 218] 2 The second, that incision be made in the neither place of the tumour that the mattered and 3 corrupted filthinesse may the better be voided out. The third, that it be made next the wrinckles 4 and processe of the muscles. The fourth, that you doe auoid and eschew the senowes, 5 veines and arteries, as much as you can. The fifte, that all the matter be not brought out aboundantly together and all at once, especially in great abscessions, lest that, by to much emptying out and that sodainly, and also by the resolution of the spirites there follow weaknesse 6 and faintnesse. The sixt, that the place be handled and touched very gentlely, and with as litle 7 paine as can be. The seuenth, that apertion being made, the place be wiped very cleane, and filled with the flesh againe,Two thinges considered of Galene in the apertion of a [...]. and brought to a scarre after the maner of other vlcers. But Galene lib. 13. Therap. warneth vs chiefly to marke two thinges in the incision of a suppurated abscession, writing ofter this maner. 1. If at any time the aboundance of matter execeedeth & ouercommeth your medicines, neither do they seeme vnto you to be able to digest all the corruptiō, it is requisite to make an issue by incision for that matter which yeeldeth not to digestion, 1.2. in that place especially, where it is most highe. 2. Moreouer in the incision also of an other abscession, which pertaineth vnto fluxe, & yet respecting both the kindes▪ you must not forget to cut and launce that which is already come to suppuration: and then apply some medicine therto,Detergentis. which can dry it vp without erosion or gnawing. But after the imposthume be opened, you must vse remedies that be of a scouring and cleansing nature, & fit to purge the filthie vlcer, as are soft floxe or linte, and soft linnen, emplaistres, and ointmentes, which shalbe spoken of in their particular Chapters. At the first time, Guido did apply the yolke of an egge being thickened with alume zuccharinum, which medicine Guilielmus à Saliceto did also vse.Ointments are to be [...] is opened. But afterward you must come to the applying of mel rosatum, and inundificati [...]m ex ap [...]o: and last of all, to vnguentum Apostolorum, and Aegyptiacum, if the matter so requireth. But aboue without, you must minister ointmentes, as basilicon, diachylon, and diaphoenicon so commonly called, and other of that sorte, which are appointed for vlcers. For when you haue cut an abscession, it must be cured after the maner of other vlcers. Galene lib. 13. Therap. after the skinne was cut in those phlegmonous tumours which chaunce about the arme holes & priuie members,The vse of Māna & th [...] after the incision, and the vertue of thē. The [...] be eased. VVhat things are to be layed to an vlcer. did fill the affected place with that medicine, which the Greekes call Manna, which is thuris purgamentum. For this hath a light adstriction or binding. But you must also (sayeth he) first asswage the launced member, (as much as you see cause,) first with fomentes, then with cataplasmes, & straight after with some moisting medicine, or else with such as do not much dry (all these being applied outwardly vpon the vlcer.) For in the very vlcer, both of Manna (as hath bene said) & also of those remedies which are taught & declared by vsing of linte, those thinges truely are first to be laid on, which do moue and prouoke the matter, and afterward those which do purge and clense. After the applying of which thinges, if there remaine any hollownesse, you must minister those thinges which may fill the same: but if it fall out otherwise, you must vse thinges to bring it to a scarre. Moreouer if the sicke will not suffer incision to be made either with some bright instrument, or with penknife, by reason of the softnesse therof, then the apertion is to be finished with burning medicines. For this purpose Auicene prayseth the sead of line or flaxe,Auicenn [...] in fine tract [...]. 1. [...]e [...]. 3. lib. 4. leuen, & doues dounge, which you may make more excellent and forcible, if you mingle them with a litle softe sope, or with the filthinesse that cōmeth of mustard sead. But that medicine which is called ruptorium or causticum, which is made of lime, and sope, in this matter is most excellent, and obteineth greatest fame. Hetherto haue we spoken of Tumours aboue nature generally, now it followeth that we intreate of the particular differences of them, as they follow in order.

CAP. VII. Of a true Phlegmone, & of other tumours ingēdred of bloud.

HAVING spoken generally of those Tumours, which consist aboue nature, it is conuenient, that we entreate particularly of the differences or euery one of them, taking our Exordium from Phlegmone, as a tumour, which chaunceth very often,Phlegmone taken two wayes. and exciteth (as Galene sayeth) very daungerous symptomates. Therfore Galene lib. 1. de morbis & symptomatis, taketh phlegmone two kind of [Page 219] wayes. One way generally ofter the maner of the Auncient writers which were before his time (that is) for euery kind of inflammation of any member, and for any heating or burning,Phlegmone taken for phlogosit. 2. Phlegmone also is taken for an inflammation comming of the best bloud. Phlegmone. 2. 1. Vera. 2. Non vera. (that is) for euery hote and flaming disposition, which the Greekes do properly call [...]. Another way, both with Galene and other late writers, it is taken for a true and pure tumour ingendred of bloud, that is, the best, and that also, which reteineth but meane thickenesse or grossenesse. And this truely borroweth his name of the kind therof, and of the Latines it is called diuersly by reason of kind, Inflammatio, of the Greekes absolutely, Phlegmone. But this, after the minde and consent of the later sorte is two fold, videlicet, Vera, & non vera. A true Phlegmone is caused of good bloud, which is the best both in qualitie, and substance or essence, but yet more aboundant then naturally should happen to the member. But phlegmone which is not a true and lawfull phlegmone, is caused of naughty and vnnaturall bloud. For bloud is a hot and a moist humour proceeding from a more temperate parte of the very Chylus, which is a certaine iuice that commeth of the meate in the first digestiō.Sanguis quid. And it is two wayes: Naturall and not naturall. Naturall bloud is a hote and moist humour,Sanguis quo [...]uple [...]. slender and meane in substance, but of a very red colour, in sauour and tast it is sweete, gentle and good. But that bloud is said to be vnnaturall, which differeth or digresseth from the former description of bloud: yet notwithstanding conteining it selfe within the boundes of his breath and largnesse, which if it doth once passe, it is no more to be called a bloud, but some other humour. But bloud doeth chaunce to degenerat from his proper nature two kind of wayes.Bloud [...] degenerate [...] proper nature two waies. The first way is (as they terme it) in it selfe, that is, in respect of it selfe, (his proper substance being chaunged without any commixtion with an other.) The second way is by an other, or in respect of an other. And yet it consisteth two wayes by it selfe, (that is to say) either because the substance therof is more thicke, or more thinne then it ought to be: or because it is burnt, and that which is thinnest of it, is turned into melancholie, but that which is thicke into choler, and that without separation. But in respect of an other, bloud becometh not vnnaturall, whenas an other humour is mingled withall. Which may happen many wayes, according as the diuerse kindes of choler, fleume or melācholy may be commixed with bloud. By which thinges it is manifest, that of bloud,Foure differences of tumours caused of bloud. there are ingendred foure kindes or differences of tumours aboue nature. First, of naturall and good bloud, there is ingendred a true phlegmone. But of bloud, which is corrupted through the admixtion of other humours, there doe grow three differences of that kind of phlegmone, which is neither true nor lawfull: because that the three other humours (that is to say) fleume, choler and melancholie may be easily commixed with bloud. Therefore if melancholie be mixed with bloud, it is called phlegmone Scirrhodes, if choler, (which then is conflated of both kindes) it is called phlegmone Erysipelatodes, if fleume, is is termed phlegmone Edematodes. But of bloud, which is filthie and corrupted through the adustion and corruption of his owne proper substance, according to the maner of the thinnesse or thicknesse therof, there are ingendred either Carbuncles, which are called of the Greekes Anthraces, or else Gangraenae and Sphacelus, which we call Cancres. Of the which diseases we will speake of hereafter, in that which followeth.

CAP. VIII. Of the causes, Signes, and Iudgementes of Phlegmone.

THERE are three causes of phlegmone:The causes of phlegmone. as there are also of all other tumours besides nature, which doe chaunce through the defluxion of humours. videlicet. 1. Primitiua, which we call both praegressa and euidens: 2. Antecedens: 3. and Coniuncta. Euident causes of inflammation are outward causes: as,1. Praegressa. beating or belking, diruption, conuulsion, breaking or brusting, a wound, a voluntary vlcer, a loosenesse, and other of that sorte, which doe prouoke fluxe, by exciting paine in the affected member. The Antecedent cause, as aboundance of bloud,2. Antecedens. which is good and faultlesse, as when the veines touche much together to the moderate repletion of the Arteries. For then is bloud prouoked (as a certaine superfluous thing,) to flow and descend to some member which is either weake, or immoderatly hote, or affected with paine, where it is [Page 220] thrust, and abideth compact together, vnlesse it be by and by repressed from the beginning, (as we haue said before in our generall Chapiter:) to the which we must therfore haue continuall accesse, that we may attaine to a more perfect knowledge of particular tumours, wherof we now entreate.3. Coniuncta. The Coniunct or continent cause, is the bloud it selfe, which is already stuffed in the affected place. The markes or tokens of phlegmone are the tumour, or the augmenting of the member aboue the naturall habite,Signes of a true phlegmone. vehement heate, so that the member seemeth to burne. There appeareth rednesse in the outward partes, such as is wont to come through bathes which are made hote either with the fire, or by some other meanes. There is extreme paine, vnlesse the member hath altogether a dull sense. There is also greiuous beating,Lib. de Tumo. praeter naturā. & 13. method. and pulsation very vehement inwardly. There is also extension or streatching out of the member, which not onely we alone haue found out, but also the patient him selfe may perceiue by his owne feeling. There is furthermore resistance of the member if it be touched, after the maner of extension. There be also other such like signes, which doe testifie that aboundance of bloud is present in some parte of the bodie.Foure times of phlegmone. Phlegmone hath foure times, 1. the beginning, 2. the increasing, 3. the state, 4. and the declination: except at the least waye, fluxe hath recourse within, or it be straight waye repressed by repulsiue medicines. But when it shall lightly passe ouer these foure times,Iudicia. it is needfull, either to resolue and draw out the matter of it, or to bring it to suppuration, or else to putrifie and rotte it, or to turne it into a scirrhous and stony hardnesse. And truly the signes of all these are to be sought out of the Chapter that intreateth generally of them: where the markes of all times, and the meanes to finish tumours aboue nature, (which they commonly call apostemata) be declared and expressed.Symptom [...]es [...] hinder [...] cure of phlegmone. But phlegmone is accompanied with many other euill symptomates, which do altre and chaunge the order of his cure, as are, vehement paine, which doeth greatly occupy the sensible parte, recourse of the matter from the kernells (which the Greekes call Adenae, and commonly they be called Emunctoria) to the internall partes. Also mortification of the affected member (which they call corruptio esthiomenica) proceeding of too much refrigeration, and of a strong compacting or stuffing of the matter, which did cause the inflammation. Also a stony and almost an indissoluble hardnesse, commonly called Sclirotica, which proceedeth through a certaine ouerthwart and vntoward dissolution of the thinner humour.Ca [...]. 5. Wherfore in curing tumours, which consist aboue nature, we must diligently oftentimes marke and consider, how farre we meane to proceed in the matter, and what accidentes may chaunge vnlooked for, that so, we may chiefly insist, and be occupied about that most, which appeareth, and is most vrgent. Which Galene hath admonished vs of very well lib. 2 ad Glauconem, and 13. Therape. speaking after this sorte: In diseases, whose resolution is difficult, and hard, it is to be feared, least some remnaunt of them be left behind which is very hard. Wherfore in euery resolution, we must diligently consider, into what thing euery tumour, whose cure is once begon, may be chaunged. For that cure which is attempted by medicines, that do mightely dry, doeth leaue very hard knobbs, which art hard to remoue hetherto Galene. But the time requireth, that we now declare the cure of phlegmone.

CAP. IX. The order of curing Phlegmone caused of the defluxion of humours, affecting the outvvard partes of the body.

The methode of curing phlegmone which is yet in generation. SEEING that inflammatio, which is called of the Greekes properly phlegmone, doeth ingender and grow through the influxion of bloud, happening more aboundantly to some member then nature requireth, and fluxe also (phlegmone being yet but beginning to raigne) is partly in begetting, and partly begotten already: there must needes truely be a double consideration in the cure of the phlegmone being yet but beginning (that is to say) to empty out and auoid that which hath flowed already, and to hinder and stoppe that which is now a flowing. Moreouer,By what meanes fluxe is stayed. we shall stoppe fluxe, if we shall draw backe and repell the humour that floweth, if we shall adde strength to the afflicted member, and if we shall seeke to remoue that which causeth [Page 221] the fluxe. We shall draw it backe,1. Retractio. and bring it into a contrary defluxion of other humours, by bloud letting, if strength and age will suffer it, but if not, we shall do it by applying cupping glasses, or by vsing bindinges and frictions, or by heating those partes which haue a direct passage to the affected parte. We shall bring backe and repell fluxe,2. Repulsio. by ministring those medicines, which are able to driue and turne the fluxe another way.3. Causae su [...] motio. We shall also remoue the causes that do bring or fetch defluxion to the member already infested with phlegmone, by confirming and strengthening the member, if it be weake, by vsing astriction if it be to loose, by cooling it if it be hote, as it is wonte to be, by easing the paine if it be vehement, and by emptying the whole body with bloud letting, if it doeth abound with bloud, and if it sendeth infection to the member: of all which thinges we will speake by and by. But we doe empty out and auoid that which is flowed already,Vacuation of that which is flowed already. Gal. Ther. 13. and hath gotten it selfe into the affect parte, not onely by those medicines which do digest, that is, which do discusse and resolue, but also by those remedies which do bind together and refrigerate. And truely in phlegmonous tumours now beginning, we must rather vse (sayeth Galene) cooling and astrictiue medicines, then those which do concoct & digest, and so much the rather, if that, which floweth be not of a thicke substance. But if bloud be greatly compact together in that parte which phlegmone hath caught and taken vp, you must not apply any longer repercussiue remedies (as we said before) but then it is conuenient to vse those which can digest. Also in an old & inueterate inflammation, which after the euacuation of the whole body, & other some fit cure, hath lefte behind it a certaine hardnesse and blacknesse in the member: it is not vnprofitable (Galene also affirming the same) to take away the bloud by scarification.Scarificatio. And these thinges haue we spoken briefly and by a generall methode concerning the cure of inflammations that do happen through the defluction of humours, which the Greekes properly are wonte to call phlegmone: which thinges may be sufficient to content a reasonable Physition, & one which is exercised in this kind of studie. But because we haue taken in hand to write these thinges for the practitioners of Chyrurgie, and not for the learned onely, it shall not be amisse, neither any thing from our purpose, if after this generall and compendious methode, we set downe more particularly those thinges which not onely the auncient Physitions, but also the later sorte of Chyrurgians hath left behind them in writing.Foure intētiō [...] in the cure of phlegmone. Therfore aboue the generall rule (as they terme it) the Chyrurgians of our age are wont to reduce the order of curing phlegmone, into foure braunches or particular intentions: that is to say, into a iust obseruation of a good diet, 2. the stopping of fluxe, or the turning away of the matter 1.2. which went before. 3. the emptying out of the humour, which hath already interteined him 3 selfe in the member (which they call materia coniuncta.) 4. and the correcting or amending of 4 the simptomates.1. The first intention is an order in diet. The first intention therefore is made perfit by the due vsing or administration of six thinges, commonly called vnnaturall thinges, and by the vsing of those thinges also, which are said to be annexed vnto them. And these thinges, which are six in number, called of the Physitions res non naturales, Res non naturales. (as hath bene declared from the beginning of this treatise) are, the ayre, meate and drinke, mouing and rest, sleepe and watching, emptying and filling, the affections of the minde or the accidentes. All which thinges (because phlegmone doth commonly prouoke feuers) ought to pertaine vnto coldnesse and moderate moistnesse. For which causes we haue thought good to set downe these preceptes following. Let the sicke be in a pure and cleare ayre, & that somewhat cold. Let him keepe a thinne diet, cold,Aer. and moderatly moist. Let him drinke small ale, or beere or other small drinkes.Cibus potus. But if a vehement feuer shall haue any accesse (which is wonte often to happen) let him altogether abstaine from wine. Let him not exercise,Mo [...]us. Qui [...]s. Somnus. Repletio. In [...]ti [...]. Animi pathem [...]. Venus. or moue that member which is be set with phlegmone. Let him be quiet as much as he can, especially if there be very great aboundance of humours in the body. Let him keepe a measure in sleeping and watching: and let him shunne sleeping on the day time especially about none. Let him diligently beware of dronkennesse and gluttony. Let the belly be alwayes kept softe and soluble, and now and then let it be washed with clisters, if neede require. Let him flye, anger, cryinges out, and wrathe, as deadly enemies. Let him abstaine from venereous actes, as a mortall foe.

The second order in curing Phlegmone, which is the turning away of the fluxe,2. The [...] of the fluxe is the second intention. is dispatched by letting of bloud, if strength and age doeth suffer. But in all members of the bodie, [Page 222] whether you intend to reuell (that is) to draw backe among an other way, or to turne it from that place at the side,A veine is alwayes to be cut directly. either streight ouer against the place, or directly forth (which is called in Greeke [...]) a veine must alwayes be cut, although there be great aboundance: but directly, the right sides do aunswere to the right partes, and the left to the left. Therefore if ophthalmia doeth annoy the right eye, or the squinancie doeth affect the right side of the throte, the shoulder veine, or some other in his place (if that doeth not appeare) must be cut in the right arme, by and by at the beginning of the fluxe. But if a humour doeth flow in the knee, you must cut a veine in the elbow either the outward or the middle veine except you meane to scarifie the other legge, or breake the veine a sunder in it, as Galene counseleth in a certaine place.The choice of bloud letting is declared of the affected parte. Therefore the election of the cutting any veine, and the inuention to turne the humour another way, (which Hippocrates calleth antispasis) is manifested and declared by the affected parte, and by the place or situation of the member that is to be cured, as Galene 13. and 14. meth. med. and in other places, doeth oftentimes teach. But that body, which phlegmone occupieth, not onely when it is plethorike and full of humours, but also when the greatnesse of the euil doth exhorte vs to it, (though it be but meanely stuffed with humours,) we must empty and euacuate by letting of bloud, if we will follow the aduise of Galene, who lib. 13. meth. med. commandeth that, it should be so, thus writing. Paine truely, and the heate of the member wherin phlegmone hath setled him selfe, (although the whole body be void of excrementes) do happen by reason of the fluxe. But then it is expedient to do it but meanly. (that is) to draw fourth bloud and to make euacuation, no further then it shall best agree with the age and nature of the patient. Further, you must haue consideration both of the time of the yeare, of the nature of the ayre wherin the sicke remaineth, and also of the former custome of the man. Also these do profit not a litle to draw backe the bloud that floweth to the affected parte, walkinges, frictions, and binding of the apposite member, but first chiefly the detraction of bloud, (as hath bene said.) Therefore if phlegmone appeareth in the handes, the legges are to be exercised, bound and rubbed, if in the legges, the handes must be also so vsed. But these thinges belong more vnto the Physition then the Chyrurgian.

3. The third intention is the euacuation of the [...] or alread [...] compact in the member.We now dispatch the third scope or intention, in the beginnings of phlegmone, onely by applying repulsiue thinges to that member which laboureth with the inflammation (excepting these cases before rehearsed.) For that which is filled with corrupted matter (as Galene sayeth) is emptied out, not only by those medicines which do digest, but also by those which do bind and refrigerate: as be those, which are called repellentia and regerentia repulsiues, and restrictiues. But in the increasing therof at the present intention, (that is) to emptie out that, which is flowed, and also to stoppe, that no more doeth abound, you must ioyne digestiue medicines with repressiues:Repressiues in the increase, must exceede digestiues. but yet so, that the aboundance and strength of the one may yet preuaile with the other. But in the state they must be equally cōmixed together by euen portiōs, and somewhat more milde and mitigating remedies must be applied, if paine be vehement. But in the ende and declination of the state, it is requisite to euacuate by digestiues onely that which is compact together, if that phlegmone must be ended by resolution or discussion. If truely it doeth turne into abscession,If phlegmone doth turne into abscession. and that it cannot be, that the gathering together and erup [...]ion of the matter should be letted, it shalbe lawfull to vse medicines which can both mattre, open, and clense the vlcer. Furthermore those remedies which do dry, are profitable in the ende of both the euills (that is) of phlegmone and abscessus, for they do altogether consume that which remaineth of the humour, but when incision is made in the abscessiō which is already come to suppuration, you must lay on such a medicine as may dry without erosion or gnausing,Repulsiues are to be vsed in the beginning of phlegmone. Oxycraton. (as hereafter shalbe said.) But in those phlegmonous tumours which now are but in the beginning▪ the most apteremedy to repell and driue backe, is oxycraton in Galene, which the Latines call pusca aquosa. It is a mixture of water and vineger, so tempered together; that it may be drunke: and then (a sponge being wet and laid in this oxycratu [...], must be applied to that parte, where phlegmone is. But in stead of oxycratum, by the counsell of Galene; we may take sharpe wine, or apply cold thinges only, to the partes, which are about the sinewes.Lib. 13. Meth. [...]. These are the wordes of Galene. In those members which are about the sinewes, it shalbe sufficient, in the beginning of phlegmone, to lay on a sponge dipped either in cold water, wherwith a litle vineger is mingled▪ or in water onely, or in sharpe and soure wine. [Page 223] For the same purpose also this cataplasme of the same Galene very effectuall,Galeni cataplasma, lib. 2. ad Glau. made of sengreene and the rindes of pomegranates sodden in wine, of rh [...], that is, sumach, and polenta. This, by restraining doth repell that which floweth, & by drying doth empty out that which is conteined in the tumour, and both wayes it doth strengthen and corroborate the affected partes. This remedie hath bene described of the later sorte: of Auicene ofter this sorte,Fen. 3. lib. 4. trac. 1. cap. 3. as followeth, ℞. of the iuice of sengreene, lb.j. of wine, that is thicke of substance, and sharpe in taste, lb.ss. of barley meale, one quarte, of the rind of pomegranades, and sumach poudered, ana. ℥.ss. boile them and make a liniment. There is also another, which greatly auaileth for the same purpose, inuented of Haly Abbas, ℞. of santalum, white and red,Haly Abbas Linimeruum. ana. ʒ.iij. of memitha, which is called Glaucium. ʒ.ij. of terra cimol [...]a, and bole armoniacke, ana. ℥.j.ss. let all be brayed into very fine flower or pouder, and well searced, then dissolue them in the iuice of sengreene, or purselaine, or lettuce, and make a liniment.Aliud. Another also in the beginning of phlegmonous inflammations, very common and much vsed, which is very profitable for greene woundes, and bruises taken lately. It is made of the white of an egge, of oile of roses, and of the distilled water of roses, (that is) of rose water, wherin you must wet fine cloutes, and lay them to the inflamed member, and let them be chaunged often. But there are many other medicines both simple and compound, which do profit in the beginning of phlegmone to restreigne and repell fluxe, which are to be sought out of other Authours, which haue written of this thing. But these shall content vs for this time.

Amongest the remedies which in the increase of phlegmone, Remedies to be vsed in the increasing of phlegmone. being outwardly applied do greatly helpe, oile of roses is marueilously effectuall, (the Greekes call it rhodinon.) For this doeth partely draw backe, and partely doeth digest through the vapour: bycause it perfectly holdeth a midle nature betwene the oile and the roses. Therefore in oile of roses there is a certaine astriction, which cannot (sayeth Galene) ouergo the weake partes of the tumour:Lib. 3. de [...] medic. but when they haue pearced somewhat deeper, it beginneth then to worke outwardly according to the strength, both to thrust together, to draw into one place, and to thicken greatly, wherby it commeth to passe that in the augmenting of phlegmonous tumours,Oile of roses a present remedie in the increase of phlegmone. oile of roses, is a most excellent and ready helpe. In the augmenting of phlegmone there is another in Auicene very profitable, ℞. of the leaues of mallowes. M.j. of wormewood, roses, ana. ℥.ss, of barely meale. ℥.j. of oile of chammomil. quart. ss. seath them, and braie them together, and bring them to the fashion of a softe emplaistre. Another of the same, ℞. of wine boiled either to the halfe or the third parte, (one we call sapa, the other defrutum.) quart. j. rose water, and vineger, ana. quart. ss. saffron. ʒ.ij. let them be a litle het ouer a softe fire, then straine them, and dippe clouth in the liquour of that decoction, which you must applie to the phlegmonous member after the maner of an epitheme. Moreouer such kind of remedies, which are vsed in the increasing of the inflammation, and haue their power and vertue commixed together of repressiue and digestiue medicines, ought seeldomer to be remoued and chaunged, then those which repell the matter, being ministred in the beginning of phlegmone.

Actius, in the vigour or state of phlegmone, and when there is vehement paine felte,VVhat things do helpe in the state of phlegmone. hath set downe these remedies: as mallowes, mingled with a litle bread and with oile of roses. Also melilote boiled in the licour called passum, and applied with a litle bread, of the like vertue (sayeth he) are dates sodden in passum, and mingled with bread and oile of roses: Another also, which digesteth through breathing, in the vigour of phlegmone very effectuall, ℞. pellitory of the wall, mallowes, ana. M.j. fine branne the flour of meale, ana. p.j. fengreeke, dill, ana. ℥.ss. oile of chammomill. quart. ss. let them be boiled in wine, and well braied together, till they be well incorporate, and make an emplaistre. Another taken out of Galene,Emplastrum Galeni. lib. 13. Therap. ℞. of the crummes of bread made of corne. lb.j. steipe it in hote water the space of one houre, then streigne it, and commixe therwith of the best hony, quar.j. and make it to the forme of a cataplasme. This doeth dissolue and mitigate paine. Auicene counseleth to minister in the rigour of phlegmone, vnguentum basilicon, & that which is made of the iuices therof called diachylon: but the one is good to mollifie, the other to ripen and bring to matter: although notwithstanding both of them do cary with them a digesting qualitie. But these and other such remedies, which are ministred to dissolue that which is already flowed, and to ease paine, because they are of a very moist nature, must be chaunged very seeldome. [Page 224] Furthermore, when as by the remedies before mencioned, the humour which is falen into the member that is troubled with phlegmone, is dissolued and discussed, and the tumour together with the extension therof is deminished, and the griefe somewhat asswaged, then it is to be iudged that the declination of the inflammation is at hand, at which time you must vse onely discussiue thinges,VVhen remedies must be vsed in the decla [...]ation of phlegmone. as are wild mallowes bruised annointed, raisons (the kernells being taken out▪) applied with bread and a litle hony, and barely meale vsed also with hony. Also moist wooll, flaxe, a sponge, or some such like thing, wet in hote wine, then streigned or wringed, you must minister it: for all these haue an excellent discussiue nature, and doe not prouoke paine. But if, by reason of the stubburnesse and hardnesse of the disease, the affected place doth conteine too great plenty of matter and that such as resisteth resolution, you must not by and by (as some do) breake forth vnto Chyrurgie, that is, to make incision, or to seald it and burne it, but you must labour by all meanes possible, that the humour collected together may be digested and dissolued by such medicines as can worke this effect. For it is conuenient to attempt the digestion of the humour by such medicines as can profit in that case, before you begin to cut the inflammation. But if the tumour will not yeeld to digestiue medicines, and no further hope doth remaine to dissolue that which is compact in it, but the matter seemeth rather to pertaine vnto suppuration, you must come vnto those, thinges which can ripen & procure matter.VVhat resolution is to be hoped for. And we hope that a tumour (although it degenerate into abseession) may through the vapour be digested, if the matter which exciteth the same, be thinne and litle, and fute to be resolued: or if it remaineth not any thing deeply within, and the skinne of the affected member be thinne. But if the humour be plentifull, and thicke, and lurketh very deepe, and the skinne also thicke, exhalation or resolution is not to be hoped for.Put [...]. Therefore you must come vnto those helpes which can ripen and prouoke matter, of which force is this cataplasme, made of wheate meale, sodden moderatly in water & oile: for this (Galene being our Authour) doeth speedily bring to suppuration those inflammations,Lib. 2. ad Gla [...]. which will not yeeld to digestion, and it hath also a heate like vnto our heate, that is, temperate and meane, and by reason of the meale and oile (which haue a certaine clammy and glewish property, wherby in stopping the pores, they hinder the naturall heate of the member) it hath the force of an emplaistre, which two thinges are most required in medicines that do ripen and moue matter. There are some which do mingle with this cataplasme a litle saffron to colour it. But if a tumour, by reason of the thicke & viscous humours which are stuffed in it, be hardly brought vnto suppuration, this cataplasme doeth notably helpe which is made of the decoction of the rootes of althea, and of figges that be sweet and fat, which do resemble the thicknesse of hony,Haly Abbas remembreth this cataplasme. commixed with wheat meale, as followeth, ℞. of the aforsaid decoction, lb.j. of wheat meale, lb.ss. boile them throughly together, and bring them into the forme of a cataplasme. But if in stead of wheate meale, you vse barely meale or crible bread, which the Greekes call [...], it more auaileth to discusse the inflammation then to bring it to suppuration (as Galene hath noted lib. secundo ad Glauconem. Ali [...]d. There is another also excellently profitable to prouoke matter in the declination of phlegmone, which is commonly vsed of the common Chyrurgians,A common cataplasme. ℞. of the barke of the roote of marsh mallowes, that is, of althea, of the roote of lillies, grownswell, called in Greeke [...]rigeron, leaues of mallowes, ana. M.j. wheat meale, quar.j. of the meale of the sead of flaxe. ℥.j. fresh swines greace, lb.ss. seath the herbes in sufficient quantitie of water, and bray them with the other thinges in a mortar, and make a cataplasme. But if, (when the matter is gathered together and dispatched,) the abscession wherinto phlegmone is tourned, doeth not open of the owne accord: (the members now being free from the inflammation) you must go about to euacuate and empty out the matter which cannot be digested, with a penknife, or some such instrument, or by some drawing medicine. Then you must bring the vlcer vnto a scarre, like vnto other vlcers, which you must do by cleansing the sore, by filling it with flesh, and ioining it together, which at the last will cause a scarre. Moreouer, if the matter be thicke, which bringeth fourth the tumour, and very disobedient to resolution and digestion, and be exceedingly compact in the passages of the flesh (as is wonte to be in continuall inflammations which be naughtely cured, the thinne parte of the humour being resolued, and the thicke parte remaining still in the passages, then you must not be afraid to vse scarification, especially (as [Page 225] Galene admonisheth lib. 2. ad Glauconem) whē hardnesse, bluenesse or blacknesse do appeare.

The fourth intention,Symptomatum correctio. which in the cure of phlegmone was propounded to the Chyrurgian & Physition, is the correction and remouing of the symptomates, which do sodeinly come vpon the inflammation, and those are paine, recourse of the matter, wherof the tumour is raised, to the inward partes, putrefaction and corruption of the mattery member, and as it were a certeine stony hardnesse remaining behind, by reason of some mightie drying & digesting medicines. Therefore if vehement paine shall happen to the tumour,Dolor. you must labour by all meanes possible to mitigate and asswage the same, because, (besides that it weakneth the strength, and hindreth the lawfull duties of the body) it prouoketh fluxe and draweth bloud vnto it. If paine therefore doth grieuously torment in phlegmone, straight way you must lay on those medicines,Lenifiers of paine in phlegmone. which can lenifie and ease the vehemencie of the paine without any hurte, as is this of Galene, which is made of the licour called passum, of oile of roses, and a litle waxe melted with them both: but this is to be taken in moist wooll, which hath much oile in it, and to be ministred cold in Sommer, and hote in Winter, Therefore such a medicine being tempered and applied (as is said before) doth rarefie, extenuate, digest, and euacuate: it maketh the humour that is sharpe, viscous, grosse, or plentifull, and which cleaueth to the aggreaued partes, to be equall constant and moderate, and it discusseth the thicke vapour which can find no fit issue, and so it mitigateth paine: it bringeth no hurte with his hear, for it maketh dull or taketh away the heate of the oile of roses. Wherby it commeth to passe, that this remedie doeth asswage paine without doing any hurte, and disprofiteth not the euill, as hote water, oile, and wheate meale, which thinges in an inflammation that happeneth with paine, cannot be profitable (as Galene witnesseth.Lib. 2. ad G [...].) For these do loosen and release through their heate and moisture, and do resolue the strength of the member, wherby it is made more weake, and more prone and apt to interteine fluxe. To the same vse (that is to alay the paine in phlegmone) you may apply affectually oile of roses, yolkes of egges, crummes of white bread steiped in hote water, and then streigne them, and commixe them with oile of roses. These also are a present remedie, mallowes sodden in water, and mingled with branne and oile of roses, or with oile of violettes.Cr [...]cum. But Auicene in mitigating euery paine vseth saffron, which he profitably commixeth with assuaging medicines. Furthermore if the sharpnesse of paine be so great and vehement, that it cannot be eased with those thinges, which because they mitigate and lenifie paine, (the succours of nature being stretched out) are properly called Anodyna & paregorica (that is) prouokers of sleepe and helpers of paine: you must passe ouer vnto those aides which we call narcotia, (that is) stupefactiues. Amongest the which we haue tried by daily experience besides the authoritie of some writers,N [...]ta de s [...]. that henbane hath profiteth in this case marueilously, whose leaues you in must take, and bake them in the hote embers, then mingle with them fresh swines greace and apply them to the place. This doeth pacifie vehement paine, and bringeth plegmonous tumours vnto suppuration. But, while you attempt this thing, you must haue a diligent care least you apply to much moisture, because it is a thing, which in the beginninges of inflammations, whē fluxe aboundeth with great griefe, is very pernicious (as we said a litle before.Recursus [...]ateriae ad interiora.) But if you feare recourse of the matter, that exciteth phlegmone, to the inward partes, and that chiefly toward the principall members: you must cause him to come fourth by some drawing medicines, or else by applying cupping glasses, which doe draw vehemently from the inward partes.Durities relicta. But if by reason of vehement drying and digesting medicines being rashly applied to the inflammation, the relictes of the tumour do turne into Scirrhus: you shall boile in water the rootes of wild cucumber (which is commonly called in herbaries and shoppes cucumer asininus) or of briony or of Asarum, seathing them oftentimes alone by them selues (as Galene commaundeth) and sometime putting to them fatte figges. Then commixe meale with water,Galens cataplasme for hard tumours. to the which also put a litle suet, either of a goose or a cocke, but if there be not plentie of these at hand adde swines grease and make a cataplasme. This doeth notably heale that schirrhous affect which through mightie drying & digesting medicines in the member which phlegmone occupied, doeth still remaine behind. Also the aforesaid herbes together with the rootes of althaea, being, after a moderate boiling well mingled with bread and suet, and then applied, do discusse and dissolue such hardened tumours: as Galene doeth plainly teach lib. 2. ad Glauconem. [Page 226] Therefore if you feare, that plegmonous tumours, which are scarely, digested through their vapour, neither yet are easily concocted, be turned into Scirrhus: you must alwayes commixe with digestiues those thinges which can mollifie and soften. Moreouer if any parte of the mattering member shall putrifie, you must straightway cut it out, or else seeke to cure it by many deepe scatifications:Putrefactio. afterward you must sprinkle on it salte water, and then lay on it an emplaister made of the meale of beanes or tares sodden in oxymel. There be other thinges also to be proued in this case, which we will by and by set downe in the cure of Gangrena. But now it shalbe more profitable, if we comprehend the Chapters concerning the cure of such phlegmonous affectes,Galen. lib. 2. ad G [...]anc. in some shorte sentences. And first we will begin to declare the summe of the cure of phlegmone, being yet but beginning, and not yet vexing with 1 any grieuous paine. 1. Let the whole body be emptyed with conuenient purgations, and 2 especially by letting of bloud, if nothing do let it. 2. Let the inflamed member be all to washed 3 and annointed with such thinges, as haue power to driue backe the flowing of the humour. 4 3. Let the humour, which is conteined in the aggreaued place, be emptied out by drying and digesting medicines.The summe of the cure of phlegmone, when is [...] much paine. 4. Let the affected parte, and those also which are about it, be strengthened and fortified. Now followeth the summe of the cure of the said phlegmone, when it tormenteth with a more greiuous paine. 1. Whenas inflammation being caused through the defluxion of humours, doeth vexe with great paine, you must mitigate the vehemencie of the same without any hurte doing. 2. Then, you must not minister those things, 1.2. which doe strongly bind, or vnloosen through their heat and moisture, or resolue strength. 3 3. But you must apply to the inflamed place such helpes, as, by meanly binding, can repell 4 that which floweth, and euacuate that which infesteth the affected member. 4. Apply to the tumour, a sponge dipped in sharpe wine or posca, that so you may preuent the passage of 5 the humour that floweth. 5. If these thinges shall profit, and yet the matter appeareth not any where, you must vse soft and gentle emplaisters, and those especially, which are made as 6 remedies against fluxe. 6. Amongest those thinges, which are of power to drie, and repell the fluxe of bloud without paine, you must choose the best, as is that resolution with oile of roses, which it made of the stone chalcitis: then lay vpon it pure wooll dipped in sharpe wine. 7 7. But when matter appeareth in the member, you must often applie the aforesaid cataplasme, 8 or that rather, which is made of barely meale. 8. If the aboundance of thicke matter doeth exceed the medicines so that there is no hope of resolution you must make an issue for that which yeeldeth not vnto digestion in that place especially, where it is highest. 9 9. After incision, you must drie the wound, if paine be not vrgent, and clense it and scoure it 10 without greife. 10. If after incision, paine be vehement, you must first assuage it with fomentes, then with a cataplasme, straight after with some moist medicine, or with such a one 11 as dryeth not. 11. If the member be still enflamed, lay on a cataplasme made of a certaine pulse called chittes, which doeth empty out and driue backe.

CAP. X. Of a Carbuncle, and a Cancre, and of the maladie named Sphacelus, all vvhich they call sanguineae pustulae, 1. bloud pushes.

De Carbuncul [...]. [...]. Gangrena &, Sphacelus doe follow great phlegmones. SEEING that we haue intreated aboundantly, as much as pertaineth to a Chyrurgian, of Phlegmone, which is the first difference of inflammations, and most incident to mans body: it now remaineth that we speake first of Carbunculus, which is called in Greeke [...]: next of Gangrena, the Cancre, and last, of Sphacelus, (which with the expounder of Auicene they commonly call esthiomenon) for that hath his beginning of a bloudy fluxe, as phlegmone hath, and doeth prouoke a most sharpe feuer, but these are wonte oftentimes to acompanie great phlegmones, as Galene libello de Tumoribus praeter naturam, and in many other places hath diligently noted.The generatiō and descriptiō of a Carbūcle. A Carbuncle therefore proceedeth of the flowing of bloud, which is blacke, thicke, filthie, burning, and exceedingly hote, with the which if there be mingled but certaine thinne humours: there are raised vp on the out side of the skinne whelkes or [Page 227] pushes, like thinges that be burned or scalded,Carbunclus de plex. Signes of a Carbuncle. and then this inflammation is called Carbunculus cum pustula, the Carbuncle with the pushe, which euill truely doeth happen very often. In the meane time notwithstanding it beginneth (although seeldome) without pushe or pushes: but then is caused a crustie or hard vlcer: I saye without pushe or pushes,1. Vlcus crustosum. because sometime there ariseth with this euill one onely pushe of some greatnesse, which being broken, the vlcer is brought fourth with a scurse or scabbe:2. Some great whelkes, some small. but oftentimes not one pushe alone doeth breake out, but many litle and sclender ones, sticking thicke in the member like vnto the seades of hirse: which being brust fourth, there doeth likewise arise a certaine crustie vlcer, such as hote iron doeth cause. But betwene their beginning, before that the pushes doe appeare, they trouble the member throughly.3. The colour of the c [...]ust either earthy or blacke. Now these scales or scurfe doe sometime receiue an ashye or earthly colour, sometime blacknesse, and in that place the skinne cannot be eased, but it is, as it were fastened to the inner flesh. The flesh also about it, is brought into an exceeding hote inflammation, which the Greekes call Phlogosis, and is blacke in colour, and shineth after the maner of lime or pitche,4. The flesh blacke abou [...] it. as though there were a litle blacke commixed with a great quantitie of redde. This colour is caused altogether of melancholie. And these truely are the signes and tokens of a Carbuncle drawen from the very affecte it selfe,5. Greeuous paine. to the which also may be added a very greeuous and vehement paine of the afflicted member, as though it were bound with strong chaines. They also which are thus affected doe necessarily fall into a feauer, and that sooner, then they,6. A vehement feauer. which are vexed with Phlegmone Erysipelatosa. But if any poison doeth lurke within (as oftentimes it chaunceth) the sicke persons are miserably tormented with perbraking and continuall vomiting,7. Nauseae. together with a want of appetite and lothing of meate.8. [...]. There are present also with them quaking of the hearte, panting or mouing of the stomache, and an often fainting of courage.9. VVante of stomache. This euill is called properly of the Chyrurgians of our age, Anthrax, 10. Ca [...]dis tremor. differing from Carbunculus, by reason of the malice and cruelty of the euill (as they please.) Whenas in very deede [...] among the Greekes is the very same, that Carbo, 11. [...]. or Carbunculus is among the Latines. Therefore it is superfluous to distinguish, and to handle in diuerse Chapters the signes and cure of them (which all Chyrurgians almost doe vse at this time.Carbuncle [...]. 1. VV [...]en a Carbunc [...]e [...]s m [...]st deadly, (the iudgemēt therof being taken from the affected p [...]ace.) 2. Another iudgement taken from the affected place. 3. Iudgement of the colour. 4. Iudgement of the accidentes.) But these Carbuncles doe chiefly arise of violent causes killing the people sodenly, and they follow a pestilent plague. Wherefore there is required a diligent heede or care about them, neither in any case must they be neglected. Moreouer although [...] or euery Carbuncle be a sharpe disease, daungerous and contagious: yet the worst of all and the most deadly is that of Auicene, which doeth arise in the purest places and neere to the principall members. For it is to be feared, that this venemous matter which exciteth the Carbuncle, doeth sodeinly returne to the inward partes, and to some principall member: which if it shall happen, the sicke is in great daunger of his life, especially if any euill signes shall bewraye the same. But if the exhalation therof be onely filthie and corrupted with abhominable poyson, it is enough to kill the man. If a Carbuncle chaunceth about the stomache, or about the cheekes or lawes, it sodeinly oftentimes (as Celsus sayeth) bursteth out the stomache. And lesse deadly is that Carbuncle in Auicene, which appeareth first redde, and then yelow or of orenge colour. But if it waxeth blue or blacke, it killeth almost euery man, and there is none that is iudged more daungerous of the one nature then it. If the Accidentes, which are wonte to accompanie this disease, be very much remitted or released there is some hope of recouerie. But if they be still more and more continually stretched out, and made more vehement, then truely the matter is in great despaire.

CAP. XI. Of the cure of a Carbuncle.

GALENE lib. method med. 14. & secundo ad Glanconem, The cure of a Carbūcle must be begun by bloud letting. commandeth that the cure of a Carbuncle (hauing set downe a conuenient order of diette) must be begun with bloud letting by and by at the beginning (if none of those thinges doe let it, which [Page 228] are wonte to forbidde the cutting of a veine) who also willeth to draw bloud euen to the fainting of the hearte. For it profiteth muche those that be troubled with this euill: and this alwayes is to be marked,Ven [...] è [...]ecto secunda. that the veine be strooken directly against the vlcer. But the choose of the veine is manifested vnto vs of the affected member (as we haue said in the cure of Phlegmone.) Therefore in that matter, euen a skilfulll Physition must take counsell of the Chyrurgian, who hath the knowledge to declare, from what place and how much bloud is to be drawen out. The veine (as it behoueth) being cutte, if nothing (as I said) doe hinder you,Deepe scarification. it shall not be amisse to scarifie the said tumour, vsing somewhat deepe cuttes or woundes by reason of the thicknesse of the malicious humour, (that is) such cuttes as are somewhat deeper then ordinarie (as it pleaseth Galene.) There are some, which would haue scarification made in the crustie or hard vlcer onely, and then they straight waye sprinckle those incisions with hote salte water,Sprinckling of hote salte water. Arsonicum. Sanguisugae. that bloud might not meete together in them or encrease, but that it might be emptied out. Sometime also they applie some gnawing medicine, as is arsenike, which in this case among the rest hath the greatest vertue, but some doe minister to the scarified place horsleches or bloud suckers. But strong repulsiues are in no wise to be vsed or applied to the aggreaued member (although refrigeration be needefull which in deede doeth belong vnto the inflammation.Fluxe in a Caerbuncle cannot be turned away, neither ought it, Lib. 14 Ther.) For you cannot so turne awaye the fluxe or preuent the malice hereof, because of the thicknesse of the humour. And if at any time you shall doe it, you shall finde some other naughtie humour (as Galene sayeth) which is setled in the deepth or inward partes of the bodye: but this humour must not be suffred to flowe aboundantly (the same Galene being our Authour.) Therefore such remedies are to be sought for, as by a moderate repression can digest or dispearse the humour.A Cataplasme good for a carbuncle. Such truely is that cataplasme, both that which is made of plantaine, and also that which is made of lintels twise sodden. But with this you must commixe crummes of bread, which haue bene baked in an ouen. Let the bread (after Galens counsell) be neither altogether without branne, nor very full of it. But this kind of cataplasme is called of the latter sorte Emplastrum de Arnoglossa, Cataplasm [...] de Arnoglossa. which they make after this sorte, ℞. of plantine, lintles, breade baked in the ouen, of eache a like portion, let them be boyled in water. To these Auicene putteth gaules, who also for this purpose doeth alowe the cataplasme which is made of the two pomegranates sodden either in vineger,A Cataplasme of pomegranates. Pa [...]. or in sharpe or tarte water, and these they applye both to the affected member, and also to the partes about it. Of this minde also is Paulus Aegineta, who sayeth, that, if you will plucke vp a Carbuncle as it were by the rootes, and disseuer it from hauing any societie with the partes about it, you must seath in vineger a sharpe pomegranate cutte in small peeces: when the sore is corrupted you must wipe it smoothe, and clense it with a linnen clothe, and when it waxeth drye,Nux [...]uellana. you must moisten it with vineger. Also the kernell of the olde filberd nutte or of the young doeth ripen and breake Carbuncles. But the best remedie for the partes lying about it, is the ointment made of Bole armoniacke, of oile of roses or mirtles, and of vineger: which is vsed, because the humour, which hath flowed alreadye, should not returne backe againe within. There are some which doe drawe and allure the poyson,Remedies to draw the poyson in a Carbuncle. and malicious humour in a pestilent Carbuncle with sucking or drawing it, with cupping glasses, and with medicines that can bring the humour to the place which is be set with Carbo. Which thing truely I would also counsell to doe, if [...] doeth occupie the arteries, and the partes about the lesser veines, and if fluxe doeth moue but slowly. But if it rusheth or breaketh fourth strongly and aboundantly, the rage of the humour must be tamed and bridled by medicines that can moderatly represse (as of late we recited out of Galene) least that there be caused too vehement paine through the fluxe that floweth so strongly in the affected member, and so the euill be made more painfull and angry.VVhat must be applied to a crustie vlcer. But vpon this harde or crustie vlcer, especially when the member is putrefied, you must laye some strong medicine both which can greatly drye (but not that which can concoct or digest) and also which can moue the matter, (seeing that so, you shall fauour the putrefaction of the member,A Cataplasme of the meale of Tares & oxymel.) of this nature is that of Andron Musu, Pusro, or Polyida: and it must be washed in some sweete wine, or in Sapa, by reason of the thicknesse of the filthie humour. That cataplasme also which in Galene is made of the meale of Tares [Page 229] and oxymell, is rightly applied, when as the vlcer is malignaunt and corrupted. But commonlie the oyntment called Ʋnguentum Aegyptiacum is to be applied. But if these thinges doe little profite, you must come vnto more sharpe remedies,Vnguentum Aegyptiacum. which haue euen a fierie force. Of the which kinde are these, the roote, of Dracunculus or Aristolochia broken and layed in vineger, lime, arsenicke, yellow oker, and other of this, sort,Adurentia medicamenia. which do burne like fire. These do profit sufficiently, if they do throughlie resolue the corrupted member euen from the quicke. This being done, whatsoeuer is corrupted and dead within, you must by and by pull away and plucke it vp by the rootes. But when after these gnawing medicines there foloweth a scurfe or scarre, which is drawne euerie way from the quicke flesh,VVhē adustiō must be vsed. the wound truelie, which is raised through them, must be diligently regarded, as in other sores that be burned. But seeing in extreame diseases (as Hippocrates saith) extreme remedies are perfectly the best, we are constrained sometime (our medicines not preuailing with the euill) to roote out a malicious carbuncle by actuall or manuell instrumentes (as they call it) that is, with a bright knife or some other such thing. But the ende of burning is,Finis adurēdi. while there is sense of paine euerie way, as Celsus hath taught verie well. After these thinges the crust or scabbe, which is vpon the vlcers must be resolued by such medicines as are meete for that purpose. But if the sicke shall refuse to suffer adustion, the help of some poore and base fellowe is to be vsed, who by laying holde on the carbuncle with his teeth may quite extinguish and pull vp the same. As were in time past certaine people in Italie named Psilis, Psilis. who did suck their woundes which they receaued by the stinging of Serpentes, and that without anie harme taking thereby. Moreouer the carbuncle being thus taken away, or consumed anie other way, the hollownesse thereof (the inflammation nowe ceasing) must first be cleansed, and afterward being made pure and cleane it must be healed with filling medicines (which the Greekes call Synulotica.) Which when it is throughly filled, neither doth there remaine anie hollowe place at all in it, it is conuenient to vse those thinges which can bring it to a scarre, as in other vlcers. But if the euill doeth not rage verie much, but shall seeme to offer vs truce and peace,Ma [...]urati [...]um Auicenne. it is ripened and opened (as Auicene sayeth) by applying figges commixed well togither with leauen and salt. And when this Cataplasme or the like is layed to twise or thrise, the place is wont to appeare altogither blacke and full of chinckes or clyftes, and then the place is to be scoured and cleansed with mundificatiues made of Apium. That medicine also,Mundifi [...]ati [...]um ex ap [...]. which is made of the yolkes of egges and of salt, if it be often applied, it ripeneth and openeth a Carbuncle, (as Theodaricus writeth.) For the same purpose we vse commonly at this day that medicine, which is made of honie, salt, wheate meale, and the yolkes of egges. Consolida maior, A common catapla [...]me vsed in Paris. Cōsolida maior (that is) comferie (which the the Greekes call symphyton) being brayed betweene two stones, doth heale Anthrax verie maruelouslie (as they report) and within the space of one day it quite destroyeth it, so that it needeth no other curing after any more, besides also it is a common help for other wounds. Some also do declare wonderfull things of Scabiosa: because that,Scabiosa. (it being eaten or dronk in wine) it thrusteth out internall tumoures to the externall places, and it doth dissolue and discusse them without paine.

In the vlcers of a carbuncle these do resolue the crustes or scurfe, fresh butter,VVhat things do resolue the crusts of vlcers. swines suet, and other fatte thinges of that sort. For this purpose also this emplaister followinge doeth maruelouslie profite: for besides that it resolueth the scarre, that is, the crust, more speedelie, then the aforesaide thinges, it also asswageth the paine that is caused either of the sharpe and burning medicines, or of the bright instrument, and it mightely discusseth the malicious humour, which exciteth the Carkuncle. ℞. of wheate and barley meale. ana. ℥.iij. of the which make a solide emplaister with the decoction of mallowes, violettes,Emplastrum eschar [...]m resoluens. and the rootes of Althaea, and put thereunto of butter, and swines suet melted. ana. ℥.ij. the yolks of two egges, which must be put in, when they are taken of the fire: & all these must be diligently commixed & incorporat togither with the aforsaid roots & herbs, which must be well beaten & brayed togither the one with the other, & then sifted through a scarce. As concerning their diet, epithemes, cordials, and other of that kinde, which are made to strengthen the heart▪ also Euacuations, if they be needefull, they doe altogether pertaine vnto that part of Phisicke, which cureth with diet and medicines. Wherefore in ministring [Page 230] them, you must aske the aduise or counsell of some learned Phisition. But commonlie all men almost do vse theri [...]ca, Theri [...]ce. which is wont to be ministred to the greatnes of a beane, made of the water of scabeous, or if a verie sharp and vehement feuer be present, you must make it of rose water, or water of buglosse: which the sick must take sixe houres after meate. But because we haue made mention before of the Trochiskes of Andr [...], Polyida & Musa (which Galene so greatly vsed) it shall not be amisse to set down here the description of them.

Andronis Troch [...]s [...].℞. of Cytines (that is) of the first floures or buddes of a Pomegranate. ʒ.x. of alume that may be cut. ℥.iiij. of coperous or vittioll. ʒ.xij. of mirrhe. ʒ.iiij. of frankensence, Aristolochia, and gaules. ana. ʒ.viij. of salt ammoniacke. ʒ.iiij.

Polyida Postill [...]s.℞. of pomegranate rindes. ʒ.vj. of mirrhe. ʒ.viij. of Alume that may be cut. ʒ.v. of frankensence. ʒ.iiij. of coperous. ʒ.iij. of the gall of a bull. ʒ.vj. let these be taken in sweete wine.

Polyidae pas [...]ctus [...].℞. of cut or clouen alume. ʒ.iij. frankensense. ʒ.iiij. of mirrhe as much, of coperous. ʒ.ij. of the floures of pomegranates. ʒ.xij. of bulles gall. ʒ.vj. Aloes. ʒ.viij. Take these in sharp wine.

Musae [...]hisku [...].℞. of cut alume, aloes, mirrhe, coperous. ana. ʒ.vj. of saffron, and of the dregges of the oyle of saffron. ʒ.iij. of the floures of pomegranates. ʒ.iiij. Let them be taken in mulsum made of Faler [...]um.

CAP. XII. Of Gangrena and Sphacelus.

VVhat a Canker is, and whēce it hath his beginning GALENE lib. 2. au Glanconem, calleth them Cankers, which by reason of the greatnesse of the inflammation be made and chaunged into mortifications, yet they be not throughly engendred and alreadie confirmed. The force and tyrannie of this euill is so outragious, that except it be remedied verie speedelie, the affected member doeth easilie represent the habite of death (that is) it doeth verie readilie drawe together the extinction and quenching both of life,Gangrena pessimus tyrānus sence and mouing. But when the member is so corrupted and so feeble, that it is altogether without sence, and as it were dead, so that whether it be stroken, or cutte, or burned, the sicke feeleth it not, then the Greekes call this euill no longer Cangrena, but Sphacelus, the Latines Syderatio, the later sort call it Esthiomenon: which name also they giue vnto Gangrena. Sphacelus. But Auicene calleth it Esthiomenon, when as the corruption thereof doeth passe to the continuall partes, which tearme the Grecians do vse in an other order. Some call this affect sometime Herpeta esthiomenon, Sydenatio oss [...]. sometime verie improperly, Cancer vlceratus. But this affect chaunceth also to the bones, when as the flesh being beset and compassed about with them, bringing foorth and engendring filthie and stinking corruption, doeth infect them with this horrible poison and consumeth them with most corruptible rottennesse. Therefore when as the member shall altogether appeare voide of life, sence and mouing,The benūmed member must straightway be p [...]ed. you must by and by pare it to the quicke as neare as you can to the sound flesh. Sphacelus therefore differeth from Gangrena, because the one doeth growe vp in the bones (as we haue declared) and not in the flesh and vesselles of the bodie onely, but the other commeth not to the bones. Not withstanding it is one kinde of Sphacelus but it borroweth a proper and singular name beside the common tearme. This kinde of corruption being perfect in the affected part, and altogether depriued of sence, is called commonlie in Fraunce Ignis Sancti Antonij. In another place Ignis Sancti Martialis. But this mortification of the members,Ignis Sancti Antonij. Thre causes of mortificatiō or the extinguishing and destroying of the life in them, chaunceth three wayes. One way, when as the member can no longer receaue the life that is sent to from the heart thorough the Arteries, by reason of the dissoluing of the 1 mixture and consent of the affected member. Which mixture and harmonie of the member is dissolued and destroyed either because of too much colde, (as sometime it happeneth in sharpe and boysterouse winters) or by reason of immoderate,VVhat things do dissolue the mixture of the member. rash, and vnaduised refrigeration of the inflammation, or else because of the exceedinge, and vnmearable vehement heate, and poyson of the inflammations, and malignant vlcers (as they call [Page 231] them.) Another way Gangrena and Sphacelus are caused, whenas the life being gotten into 2 the member is choaked and stopped, as it oftentimes happeneth in great inflammations, which sometime doe so close vp, and stop the veynes, Arteries, and poores of the skinne, that there the spirites, (the breathing foorth of the vaporous streames, and the drawing in of the aire, being altogither hindred) are strangled and choked. The thirde 3 way, these mortifications and destroyinges of life are caused in the members, whenas the passage and flowing of the vitall breath from the heart to some member is letted and forbidden, and that happeneth either by reason of a vehement and strong binding, or else because of some bruse receaued in these passages and poores, through the which the breath is caried. To conclude, Gangrena and Syderatio, which the Grecians call necrosis and sphacelus, do chaunce vnto mens bodies, destroying either the member, or the vitall facultie,Signes of Gangrena & sphacelus. or the naturall heate and temperature of the bodie. But the signes of Gangrena and Syderatio, Galene in his little treatise of Tumours aboue nature declareth to be these: First truelie that flourishing colour is extinguished in them, which is wont to be in phlegmonous inflammations,1 then paine, and beating of the pulses (that is) the mouing of the Arteries,2 which is felt of the sicke, doe depart a little aside, yet their naturall disposition not altogether ended, but their sense altogether dead and mortified. Whereupon the member straight way appeareth blacke, and it is verie soft, and full of corruption, it breatheth out a fithie sauour 3 and it is like vnto a dead thing without life. Whereby it commeth to passe, that when 4 it is touched with the finger, it easilie yeeldeth verie deepely, neither after doth it rise vp againe or returne, but the skinne appeareth as though it were separated from the flesh. But this mortification of the affected member, (which the Grecians call Gangrena,) is of so great crueltie and madnesse (as Paulus sayeth) that except you presently seeke a remedie for it without all delay, the affected member soone perisheth,Iudicia lib. 4 and then it inuadeth the other parts that be next vnto it, and killeth the man.Lib. 5 But if (as Celsus reporteth) it yet hath but small power, but is nowe a beginning, it is not verie hard to cure, especially in a young mans bodie, and so much the rather if the muscles be sound and whole, if the sinewes be not hurt, or smallie affected. But when this euill hath taken deepe roote, and is turned alreadie into sphacelus, it it vncurable, and verie manie do die of a cold sweat.

CAP. XIII. Of the cure of Gangrena caused of great inflammations, and of the destroying or curing of Sphacelus, vvhich is engendred of Gangrena.

BECAVSE aboundance of bloud doeth ingender a canker,Emptying of corrupted bloud. the order of the cure therof must be straight way attempted by a plentifull & copious euacuation of the corrupt bloud, which is packed togither in the affected mē ber. But in the meane season, you must not neglect those thinges which shall seeme to belong vnto diet, medicines, cutting of a veyne (if neede require) and strengthenning of the hart, in which thinges the Chirurgian must take the aduise of some learned Phisition, who knoweth how to enstruct him therein (as the matter shall require.) But there must be great plentie of that congealed bloud (which causeth mortifications) drawne out from the affected part, either in the veyne that is cut, if it appeareth anie thing full, and swolne about the same member, or in the whole skinne of the part affected, together with his substaunce either kept downe and made obedient, or cut, or deuided by manie deepe scarifications. Some to this ende doe applie horse-leaches, and they doe open the little veynes that be next the sore, but those deepe and often sections or scarifications are much more effectuall to cure that Euill. But because of the greatnesse of the Cankre, wee vse verie great sections, or often incisions (which we call Scarifications:) the one, when the eueill is neare rotten, the other when it onelie beginneth to rotte. For the greater the euill is, the greater remedie it [Page 232] requireth (as euerie man may knowe.After scarificatiō you must wash the place with salt water. Medicines putrefactiues.) But when you haue drawne out bloud abundantly by those deepe slashes or cuts, you must wash the place with salt water, that the thicke bloud which otherwise would abound there, may be brought foorth. Then you must apply some medicine, that can let and dissolue putrifaction, as is the meale of tares or darnell, (which the French men call yuraia, because it doth prouoke dronkenesse after the maner of wine) or if there be scarcitie of them, you must vse the meale of beanes with oxymel and syrupus acetosus. It shall be profitable also to wash the scarified place twise in a daye with hoate vinegre, but especiallie with mulsum. For these by reason of the drinesse, doe consume the filthinesse and corruption, and do cleanse it, but bycause of their coldnesse they do chalenge of putrifaction that, which is not yet defiled and corrupted. But when this feruēt heate is nowe abated, and the furie of the euill somewhat remitted and slaked, you must lay aboue vpon the sore that oyntment which is commoly called vnguentum Aegyptiacum, Vnguentum Aegyptiacum made of verdigrease, alume, honie, and vinegre, of eche a like quantitie commixed and boyled togither. This doeth stop putrifaction and resolue it: and it doeth disseuer also the putrified and corrupted humour from the sound and whole partes, and it doeth cause it to fall and perish. Moreouer it procureth a crust or scarre, and preserueth and defendeth the whole partes from anie infection. But if you will apply a more strong and effectuall medicine, mingle salt with the aforesaide thinges: or if the euill shall encrease yet more and more,B [...]ning Trochiskes. minister some of the Trochiskes before mencioned, being thoroughly brayed and beaten togither, and then washed in vinegre and wine: as that either of Andron or Polyida or Musa: or one of those which are called of the later sort, calidicon, Aldaron, or that made of Asphodelus, which by reason of the burning force do separate the corruption from the sound partes. In this matter before all other thinges Arsenicon is praised and allowed of, which they call sublimatum, Arsenicon sublimatum. purum or correctum, which must be dissolued either in some pouder or in wine, and taken in linnen or cotten (which the French men call Coton.) And so applied betweene the sound and corrupted member. For this doeth straight way stay the euill, and that truely without paine. But if necessitie requireth, you must deuide the good from the euill with a certaine instrument called a probe, or sklise. But in ministring such medicines: that the matter may be handled more without care, you must be diligent to knowe the nature of the sicke bodie, (as Galene hath well taught vs saying.) If the bodie be rusticall and hard by nature,Lib. 2. ad Glane. it requireth verie vehement medicines: but if it be tender and soft, it requireth more gentle and milde medicines. Infantes also or children, and they which loue to liue at their owne pleasure in idlenesse, must haue gentle medicines ministred to thē. Moreouer the nature of the partes which are euill affected must be regarded as well as the whole bodie. VVhen you do either cut of, or cut about that which is putrified & corrupted. For there are some sores, which verie quickly do come to matter, & corruption, if they be negligently cured: and some verie slowlie: some also do slowlie feele the force and benefite of medicines applied, and some verie soone.

VVhē adustiō is to be vsed.Furthermore if (notwithstanding these burning medicines) the euill shall yet remaine, you must burne that place which is beetweene the whole and corrupted member. But all these remedies are wont sometime to profite nothing at all, and then this is the onelie helpe,If the canker turneth into sphacelus. although (as Celsus sayeth) it be a miserable helpe (that is) to cut of the member, which by little and little waxeth dead, that so the other partes of the bodie may be without daunger. For that which is once corrupted, euen with touching, it doeth infect and corrupt that part which is whole and sound after the maner of poyson. But if at anie time you shall cut of this putrified and dead member, or shall launce of that which is corrupted in anie member euen to the sound flesh,Li. 2. ad Gla [...] then by the counsell of Galene for more quietnesse sake, you must seare or burne with some bright instrument that member, which as a roote, is ioyned to the whole and sound bodie, for so you shall quickelie stay the flowing of bloud, and debarre corruption.Lib. 4. Remedies that can losen the crusts frō the seared members. Nowe adustion being done and ended, you must vse the iuyce of leeks, or (as Paulus saith) you must applie salt with the leekes, or some of those remedies, which wee haue spoken of a little before. For these doe drie and binde the corruption, and do also stop the fluxe of humoures. But when by vsing these remedies rottenrennesse or corruption shall seeme to cease: that the crustes and scurfe may soone fall [Page 233] away, you must vse a Cataplasme made of bread, or barly meale, or wheate meale boyled in hydraleon. Also that medicine, which they call Cephalicum, annointed with honie. These through their cleansing or scouring, do resolue the crust from the flesh which lieth vnder it. Moreouer that medicine which is called Tetrapharmacum, and that also called macedonicum, by mouing & mollifying the matter do bring the scurfs from the parts that ly vnder thē, as all other thinges do, which do bring the sores vnto suppuration. For these remedies do both mollifie, & ripen or end the matter vnder the crust, which matter doeth resolue it: (I meane that matter which lyeth betwene the crust & the flesh. Bread also beatē & brayed with apiū, or ocinium, through their clensing doth mightely draw the crustes frō the whole parts without erosion or gnawing, of the like vertue also is Iris, or the roote of panax, or of aristolochia, Butyrum. or of acorus mixed with honie. But they are commonly wont to vse butter or some other annointing thing to resolue the crusts. But when the crust is fallen of, they wash the place with vinegre, and then apply this plaister following, which is rehearsed by Guilielmus de saliceto. Emplastrum Guilielmi à Saliceto. ℞. hony. lb.ss. raw yolkes of egges iij. or iiij. of barley meale. lb.ss. mingle these togither & bring them into the fourme of an emplaister. But two or three dayes after, that the mundification or cleansing may be the better accomplished, you may ad to this emplaister of chosen mirrhe. ʒ.x. But in tender and yong bodies for the separation of the crust, and detersion of the filthie corruption, the meale of tares mingled with honie,Lib. 2. ad Glauconem. The summe of the cure of Gangrena & sphacellus. or frankensence (which was vsed of Galene) doth aboundantly suffice. These thinges being rightlie ordered, such kind of vlcers must be brought vnto some soundnesse of health with such kind of medicines as can drawe together the flesh, and procure a scarre: the Grecians call them synulotica and epolotica. 1. Empty out aboundantly the corrupted bloud, which is stuffed in the affected member. 2. After scarifications or sections, wash the affected place with salt water. Then 1 2 lay on a medicine appointed for corrupted sores. 3. When the furie of the euill is somewhat slaked, minister vnguentum Aegyptiacum. 4. If the euill will not yeald to these remedies,3 seare with a bright and hoate yron that place which is betweene the filthie and corrupted 4 member. 5. But if all these thinges shall nothing help, and now Gangrena is chaunged into 5 sphacelus, cut of that member verie speedily, which is so perished euen to the whole, so that no filthinesse remaine behind. 6. When you haue cut of that which was putrified, you must 6 vse some hote burning instrument, that so you may the more quietly pull vp euen the very root of the euill. 7. After exustion, minister the iuyce of leeks, and other such thinges, which 7 do drie, bind, and stop fluxe. 8. Make no great speede to resolue the crust or scurfe by vsing 8 burning medicines, or some hoate instrument from the subiect places (for then there is wont to follow abundance of bloud.) 9. When rottennesse or corruption is ceased, and 9 you feare no more the flowing of bloud, apply those thinges which can drawe of the crust. 10. VVhen the crusts or scurfes be falne from their places, you must vse the same cure, as in 10 other vlcers.Apherisms 1· pertaining 2. to a phisitiō

1. First appoint a thinne and coling diet for them which are vexed with Gangrena and sphacelus. 2. If nothing doe let it, tourne awaye the fluxe by letting of bloud: and drawe it out aboundaunlie, if it floweth plentifullie. 3. Purifie the bloud with the medicine which is called Catholicon, or with the blacke pith of Casia fistularis, or with the decoction 3 of Tamarinds, of hoppes, and fumitorie. 4. Let the sicke take Theriaca, and other of that kinde, which are able to defende the heart, (which is the fountaine and beginning 4 of life) from those corrupted and filthie smelling fluxes, which are mounted vp from the putrified member.

CAP. XIIII. Of Erysipelas and other tumoures caused of Choller.

ALthough fleume in the genration of humours, doth follow next vnto bloud,Fleume in the generation of humours is next vnto bloud and there be greater abundance of that humour in the bodie next vnto bloud, thē of other humours, yet because tumours aboue nature proceeding of choler (which they cōmonly call cholerike apostems) do in manie things greatly conspire & aagree [Page 234] with bloudie humours, it followeth (after the determination of phlegmone, and of other tumoures consisting aboue nature, which proceede of bloud) that we nowe speake of those swellings, which are caused of choler, and are called of the Greekes by this generall name Erysipelata, Erysipel [...] q [...]d. but of the auncient Latines Ignes sacri. Erysipelus therefore is the braunch or bud of cholericke fluxe, most abiding about both the skinnes, (that is) both about that which outwardlie couereth all the partes of the bodie, and also about that filmie and thinne skinne which inwardly compasseth the internall parts. But oftentimes also it occupieth some of the flesh that lieth vnder it, as phlegmone (which is the issue of bloudie fluxe most incident to fleshie bodies) doeth also possesse some of the skinne. Therefore when verie thinne choler, or hote bloud which is thinne also in substaunce, (called of the later sort cholera naturalis, but of Galene [...]) is spread abrode ouer the skinne onely, nothing molesting the flesh vnder it, and yet somewhat raising the member into a tumour with a languishing inflammation and yellow rednesse, and altogither doth yeeld when it is touched. This affect is properly called of Galene,Erysipelas exquis [...]. a true and exquisite Erysipelas. But this is for one consideration, or (as they say) it chaunceth vniformely, and without vlceration. Auicene calleth it spina. Spina. But when a humour of bitter choller shall be more thicke and sharpe, then that it can returne againe naturallie it doth exulcerate or fetch of that little outward skinne, (which the Greekes call Epidermida) and sometime that exulceration of the skinne in processe of time pierceth somewhat deepely, so that it toucheth the inner flesh vnder it, and then that affect is called also Erysipelas but with vlceration,Erysepelas cū vlceratum. which (as Galene sayth) is all one with Herpes. But if it be neither a cholericke fluxe, nor a bloudie humour, but equallie congealed of them both, it is not then called Erysipelas onelie, but Galene tearmeth it a disposition throughly commixed with Erysipelas and the inflammation.Erysipelas non legiti [...]. But of that which is predominant in the mixture, is the title giuen to the euill. For when bloud ruleth, it is called phlegmone erysipelatosa: but whē choler raigneth, we tearme it Erysipelas phlegmonôsum. But when neither hath superioritie, but the accidents of them both appeare equall together in power,Mediū [...] then that euill shall be called a meane betweene phlegmone & Erypelas. Now also of other mixtures there shall be the like interpretation, that is, if much choler be mingled with a thinne and small humour, either of fleume or melancholie, it shall be called Erisipelas oedemat [...]sum or schirrbosum. Moreouer when we speake simplie of choler, or of a bilious humour, [...]. after the maner of Galene and other Phisitions, we meane pale choler, yelow, and bitter, and not that which is soure and blacke. And this is called of others, naturalis & certa cholera, hauing his generation of bloud that is thinne and hote. But melancholy we neuer absolutely do tearme choler, but alwayes with an adiection of the humour, which ioyneth the colour of the name. Choler therefore, which is called of the Greekes [...], & commonly cholera, is a hote & drie humour, proceeding of the thinner & hotter part of chylus, or of thinne and hote bloud (as we saide a late.) And this is two maner of wayes according to the diuision of the newe Phisitions,Bi [...]is flena duplex. that is to say, naturall and vnnaturall. Naturall choler is a humor of power hote & drie, in substance thin, of colour yellow or red, declining vnto a certaine colour like orengetaunie, but in tast verie bitter, & not sharp or soure (as some vntruly haue affirmed.Not naturall.) Vnnaturall choler is said to be that, which doth degenerate from the aforesaid bilious humour, and yet it keepeth it selfe within the bounds of his circuite, which if it doth once passe or go out of, it is now not to be accounted choler, but rather some other humour.Choler doeth digresse from his owne nature. But this (I meane choler) doth happen to transgresse the limites of his liberty or circuite two wayes. 1. One way (as we may say) by it selfe, and in it selfe. 2. The other way by admixtion with others. By it selfe and in it selfe is also two fold. 1. one way, whenas that naturall choler doth putrifie, and is burned within, and that is called adustae per putrifactionē .i. burnt through patrifaction. 2. The other way, whenas vnnaturall choler called vitellina, Bilis vitellina Porr [...]acta. Prassina. A [...]uginosa is throughly concocted euen with a fierie heate in the liuer, or in the stomach, or in the veins, & it is made of the colour of leeks, which they also call prassina, or it is caused to be rustie or cankred, which truly are extreme griefes. But vnnaturall choler, or choler aboue nature, through admixtion, is caused, when as another humor doth come vnto it extraordinarilie. And this truly happeneth many waies. For if thinne & waterish fleume be mixed with it it is made yellow & like vnto saffron, if thick & viscous fleume be commixed therwith, it is [Page 235] made like to the yolks of egs: but if burned melancholie be ioyned therwith,Crocea. Auicene. Haly. it is made bilis adusta per admixtionē. And so after Auicenes minde & iudgement, there are six kinds of naturall choler with: Halyabbas, foure only, for he maketh no mention at all of the two kinds of adusted choler. But Gal. lib. 2. de virtut. naturalibus saith that there is no choler besides nature, but that which is vitellina, very like both in colour & thicknes to the yolkes of egs: for he saith that porracea & aerubinosa bilis are engendred oftentimes in the stomach, of naughtie and corrupted humours, by reason of the cruditie or rawnes of meates and drinckes, as are, the herbe called beete, oynions, coolewortes. And also sometime, when these things are not wel digested, it is engendred in the verie veynes, by reason of sicknes, or some other euill disposition. By these thinges therefore it is gathered, that there are foure kindes or differences of inflammations engendred of choler (which commonly are called cholericke apostemes). That is to saie. Of true sincere,Foure differences of inflammations comming of choler. Verum erysipelas. Three vnlaufull erysipelas. and laudable choler (which we call thinne & hote bloude) is engendred that kinde of inflammation, which Galene lib. 2. ad Glauco. calleth a true and exquisite erysipelas, which is as it were a passion of the skinne onely: in Greeke it is called [...]. But of vnnaturall choler, being mixed with other humours, there do arise three other differences, as erysipelas phlegmonôdes, erysipelas aedematodes, and erysipelas scirrbodes. And of choler which besides nature is caused of adustion, by reason of the thinnes or thickenes of the substaunce thereof there are engendred either herpetes esthiomeni (that is) excedentes, which are of the same kinde with those erysipelata, Herpes exedens. Phagedaena. Can [...]ri [...]erati. which doe chaunce with vlceration, or there are engendred phagedaene, which doe somewhat deepely gnaw the flesh togeather with the skinne, & there are caused exulcerat cankres, & other such gnawing euils, there are also engēdred cacoethe (that is) malignant vlcers, which are called of the late chirurgians pustulaa corrosiuae. Therefore in such kinde of humours, that is truely the most thinne, which raiseth the exulcerated herpes: & that most thicke, which prouoketh the cankre. Then that which parteineth vnto thicknes, occupieth the next place, which doth engendre phagedene, as Galene hath noted lib. 14. meth med. The causes of a true erysipelas as also of a true plegmone are three. Praegressae, Causae veri erisipelatis. which are called also primatiue 2. antecedentes 3. and coniuncte. But epysipelas is seeldome caused of anie primitiue cause: notwithstanding violent frictions, the applying and ministring of attractiue medicines doe oftentimes excite or cause the same.

CAP. XV. Of the signes and tokens of a true erysipelas.

THE markes and tokens of a true and exquisite erypelas are gathered & knowen by conferring the same with phlegmone according to the doctrine of Galene 14. Therap. and 2. ad Glauconem:Signes of erysipelas. whereby it plainely appeareth that a true and lawfull erysipelas is a certaine species of plegmone (that is) of an inflammation, as it is generally taken. The signes therefore of erysipelas are these, a red colour to beholde, declining somewhat to yellow,A yealowish rednes [...]eiding to the finger. a small [...] ▪ vehement heat. Small pulse. Pricking paine. Indicia. which yellowish colour doth easely yeld to touching or handling of it, (that is) by thrusting it downe with the fingers, and then it slydeth in againe, a small tumour rather remaining in the skinne, then descending deepely, vehement heate causing a more vehement feauer then that which is accended of phlegmone: for erysipelas is farre awaie more hote, then phlegmone No great or strong breaking of the pulses, which is the proper simptomate of a great phlegmone. A byting and pricking paine without any extension, as it chaunceth in phlegmone, & many other like signes which doe signifie the dominion and rule of choler. But that which partayneth vnto the iudgementes hereof, erysipelas doth chiefly laie holde one the face, and beginneth commonly in that part of the nose, which is commonly called lepus. then straightwaie it spreadeth ouer the whole face, and that through a double occasion, that is, for the thinnes of the skinne, & lightnes of the choler. But in the vncouering or laying naked of any bone, erysipelas is a sodaine and maruelous disease, as Hypppocrates writeth lib. 7. Aporism. 19. that is to say, it is an euill symptomate, if the flesh lying rounde about the naked bone doth seeme to be occupied of erysipelas, but this, as Galene witnesseth, chaunceth verie seeldome. Againe [Page 236] the same Hippo. writeth in the Aphorisme following, that of erysipelas there commeth corruption, suppuration, togeather with the disease, which thinges (saith Galene) neuer doe chaunce vnto erysipelata, except it be to them,Erys [...]pedas followeth the order of a tertiā [...]. which are verie malignaunt. A true & lawfull erysipelas hath foure times or seasons, as other tumours also aboue nature haue: the signes whereof are to be sought out of those thinges which went before. An exquisite erysipelas is seeldome ended by suppuration, but chiefly through an insensible transpiration or resolution. There happen sometime in erysipelas certaine symptomates, which oftentimes by reason of their greatnes do exceede the verie cause of the euill it selfe and therefore they do hinder the order of the cure (that is) they doe chaunge and peruert the method of curing (as hath also bene saide before in phlegmone). Moreouer erysipelas followeth the mouing of a tertian feauer, with whose matter it hath a certaine analogie and proportion, for the matter of them both, is a cholericke humour. But it is not good to driue or turne erysipelas from the outward partes to the inwarde, but contrariewise, from the inward members to the outward partes, as Hippocrat. hath written lib. 6. Aphoris. 25. But those erysipelata, Erys [...]pelata aboue the head are verie hard to be cured. Erysipelas in the wombe of a womā [...] the [...]. which doe arise about the head do put vs to more trouble, which (as Paulus sayth) are wont to be so daungerous, that except they be holpen with some effectuall remeadie, they sometime strangle & choake the sicke. Hippo. also writeth that erysipelas is verie mortall & deadly, if it chaunceth in the wombe of a woman with childe, for erisipelas being thus engendred in the wombe, the childe of necessitie dieth. For truely a sharpe feauer (as Galen saith in his commentaries) oftentimes destroyeth it without inflammation.

CAP. XVI. Of the cure of erisipelas.

Two generall orders in the cure of erysipelas. SEEING that erysipelas (as is also phlegmone whereof we intreated a little before) is a hote affect, and engendred of the defluxion of humours: the method of the whole curing thereof shall also be two fould (: that is to say) refrigeration, and euacuation. And as in plegmone the order of euacuation did [...]urmount and ouercome the methode of refrigeration: so in erysipelas refrigeration is more needefull then euacuation. For the one doth trouble and molest in quantitie, but the other (which is erysipelas) in qualitie. Therefore erysipelas must be greatly cooled and little emptied, whereas contrarywise an inflammation ought to be plentiefully euacuated, and little refrigerated. Although there be a common chapter and summe of curing both affectes, as Galene saith, that is: the vacuation of the troublesome humour. And therefore after that erysipelas hath bene cooled, we vse those medicines which can digest or discusse. Furthermore that we may attaine vnto this vniuersal methode which we haue saide to be twofoulde (I meane refrigeration and euacuation of the noysome humour):Foure particular intentions of curing erysipelas it shall not be amisse, if we declare this cure by foure other particular orders after the consent of the Chirurgians of our time. The first scope consisteth in the 1 right obseruation of a good diet. The second concerneth the auersion of the humour that 2 floweth to the affected member, which they call antecedens materia. The third consisteth in 3 the emtying out of the humour, which hath flowed alreadie into the diseased part, which 4 they also call, materia coniuncta. The fourth & the last is busied & occupied about the correction and keeping backe of the euill symptomates that may happen thereunto.Primus scopus. We shall easily dispatch the first scope, if the applying of all those thinges, which they call res non naturales shall belong vnto moistnes and coldnes, as in a feauer tertian, seeing that erysipelas hath his beginning of choler,Aire. which is of a hote and dry temperature. Therefore chuse & prepare an aire as neare as you can, that is somewhat colde and moist. In sommer let the sicke be in a veri colde house somewhat within the ground, that is windie, and towardes the North. But if there be no such place to be had, and the ayre verie hote, make it ready for him your selfe by arte. Poure colde water verie often out of one vessell into another sprinkle the pauementes of the house dayly with water that is altogeather ye [...]e, and colde. spread vpon the floore, roses, and violettes, vyne leaues and braunches, fallow [...]oughes, & [Page 237] other floures and buddes, which are of a colde and moist facultie. Let no great companie of men come into the parlour or place where the sicke abydeth. Let him eschew all fatte, sweete, soure, and hote meates. Let him eate luttuse, gourdes, purslane, sorrell,Cibus. (which they call acetosa) ryce, and other thinges of that kinde, which doe thicken and refrigerate bloud. Let him altogeather abstaine from wine. Let his drincke be Ptysan broath,Potus. or bareley water. Let him keepe a temperate diet. Let his bellie be alwaies soft and soluble. Let him abstaine from all exercise, and mouing,Motus. Animi affectus. Venus. especially that which is vehement and immoderate. Let him eschew anger, contentions, and all vehement motions and perturbations of the minde as mortall enemies. Let all things be cleane & handsome about him. Let him refraine from carnall copulation. And let these things suffice concerning the first scope. But we shall also bring to passe out second intent about the cure of erysipelas, Secundus scopus. if by conuenient euacuation we take away that humor which is left behind in the bodie. Therfore in a true and lawfull erysipelas not necessariely as in phlegmone, we must draw bloud out of a veyne, but we must also purge the bellie downeward with some medicine which can expell choler (called of the Greekes cholagogon) if that the affect be great, and the bodie doth seeme to abounde with choler. Therefore when erysipelas doth accend and kindle feuers, & those more vehement then phlegmone, those medicines which are exceedingly hote and the iuice of scammonium, called of new Greece dacrydion) and that also which is commonly called in the shoppes electuarium de succo rosarum, are in no wise meete or conuenient for this disease, and therefore you must vse either rubarbe, or that potion which of Rasis is called aqua tamarindorum, which is made as followeth. ℞. damaske prumes .24. tamarinds that be new. ʒ.x. of broken sugar. quar.ss. to the which things to make them more effectuall, you may adde rubarbe that is well washed. But if the euill be verie little and small, these medicines called cholagoga shall not neede, but it shall be sufficient to vse at that instaunt some sharpe clyster, (as it pleaseth Galene.2. ad Glan [...]. In a Phlegmonous erysipelas it is good to let bloud.) But in a phlegmonous erysipelas your labour shall not be frusteate, if you shall beginne the cure with bloudletting (if nothing do let it). For that kinde of erysipelas doth often lay holde on the face, whereupon Paulus cō mandeth that by & by in the beginning you must cut a veyne in the elbow especially chosing in it the shoulder veyne. But if that doth not appeare, you must take that which is most obiect to the sight. And if any thing doe hinder the detraction of bloud, he commaundeth to vse a purgation made of some medicine which is dedicated and appointed to driue out choler, yet Paulus doth not contend with Galene: for whereas Paulus hath commaunded to cut a veine in that erysipelas which doth rise about the heade or face, he meant that of a phlegmonous erysipelas, which verie often molesteth the face: but Galene speaketh of a lawfull erysipelas, wherein he vsed no detraction of bloude. But in erysipelas aedematosum or scirrhosum, you must vse a purgation which hath a mingled and manifolde force, that is, which can purge, partly choler, partly fleame, or a melancholie humour. And truely in all these thinges the aduise of some learned and wise Physition is to be asked,In phlebato [...]y and purging the chirurgian must be taught by the Physition. from whose coū sell and decree the chirurgian out not in anie wise to swarue or digresse. And let this be sufficient that once you haue bene admonished, that the chirurgion ought to attempt nothing at all in those thinges which belong vnto purging and bloodletting, without the counsell and warrant of some cunning Physition, except sometime necessitie shall compell him, and when no Physition is readie at hande. The thirde intention is finished and perfourmed by cooling and repelling medicines in the beginning of the fluxe,Tertia intentio. excepting those causes which we haue mencioned in our generall discourse. But the beginning being passed, and fluxe now remaining, you must emptie that which cleaueth fast vnto the member and is compacted therein, by applying outwardly digestiue or euaporatiue medicines, that is to say, through the transpiration and breathing through to the sense. But of all these kind of tumours thus consisting aboue nature, there is a double euacuation. Gal. lib. 14. Therap. one truely of repulsiues to other partes, the other of outwarde digestiues, through that vaporous breathing, which doth flie the sence. But because erysipelas doth afflict and molest not onely in quantitie, but also in the verie qualitie by reason of the vehement inflammation: it doth require a more often and greater refrigeration then phlegmone, Hic Guido depra [...]è citat. Gal. doth. Therefore after the emptying of the whole bodie, as we haue saide a little before, we [Page 238] will vse repressiue remeadies, cooling it as it is cōuenient) the afflicted member, or that part which susteyneth the skinne: especially when erysipelas is engendred without any manifest cause. But the ende of refrigeration is the mutation or chaunge of the colour: for that which is a pure erysipelas doth by and by rest and cease with this,How much erysipelas is to be refrigerated. but that which is not pure, but after a sort phlegmonous, if you shall refrigerate it much, it maketh the skinne blacke and blew, but if you shall desist from seaking to chaunge the colour, it waxeth blacke, especially in an aged bodie: so that some of those refrigerated tumours cannot parfectly be healed, no truely not with digesting medicines, but that some scirrhous tumor will remaine behinde in the member. It is farre better therefore (saith Galene) when you see the colour of the affected member altered,Lib. 14. Ther. to passe ouer from refrigerating and moderating helpes vnto their contraries (that is) vnto dissoluing or digesting and drying remeadies, before that the member be altogeather blue or blacke. But you must alwayes beware and take good heede, that those thinges which be annoynted, be verie liquid and moist, and that they be often chaunged, and that those thinges which be applyed, be often washed with sponges dipped in some colde liquor. For the great heate of the member quickly brusting forth into a vapour, doth drie vp these thinges. But amongest those thinges which carie with them a refrigerating and repelling force verie conueniēt for this affect. Auicene chiefly prayseth among simple remeadies the sprinckling on of colde water. But Galene commendeth the iuice of nightshade,Materia refrigerantium ex Gal. of sengreene, of purcelaine, of psyllium, of henbane, of lettuce, of vmbilicus veneris (which herbe is called of the Greekes cotyledon) of endiue, and succorie, of fenne lintles, of gourdes, and other of that sort. Also that cerote made of verie colde water,Ceratum. which conteineth foure times asmuch of oyle of roses with white waxe. ℞. oyle of roses with oyle of vnrype grapes made without salt, which being made verie soft & pliable in a morter, sprinckle on cold water, as much as you thinke good, with the which if you commixe a little vinegre that is thinne, and verie cleare, you shall make the medicine more excellent and more effectuall. Moreouer all these thinges must be ministred cold, and often chaunged, before they be any thing dryed or withered. It profiteth also verie much and that presently to annoint the member annoyed with Erysipelas with ceruse onely, or mingled with vinegre and lycium, or with terra cimolia, or with potters claye, with nightshade, or with spuma argenti with oyle of roses, and with acatia with vinegre. To this purpose also this compound following helpeth much. ℞. iuice of plantaine. ℥.j. oile of roses ℥.iij,A compound medicine. lithargyri nutriti. ℥.j. cerusae lota. ʒ.iij. of womans milcke. ℥.ss. let all be commixed togeather and brayed in a leaden mortar, and make a lyniment. But lythargyrum and cerusa ought first to be beaten, and then the oyle and iuice aforesaide must be poured one them softly by litte and little, vntill they be throughly incorporate togeather the one with the other. But if you desire greater coolers, you may commix with these and other remeadies before recited (according to Paulus minde) a little opium or cicuta, or mandrake. But I thincke it good to abstaine from applying either of them or the like, which are of a stupefactiue nature, except great necessitie doth moue you thereunto. But when the inflā mation of the affected member is somewhat abated, & the heate of erysipelas slaaked, Galene (before that any blewnes did appeare through refrigeration) did vse to dissolue the humour gotten into the member (which they call coniuncta materia) by laying one a cataplasme of bareley meale,Euacuation of the ioined [...]atter by euaporatiues. or of cruda polenta (called in Greeke [...]) & of other things before mēcioned in the order of curing phlegmone. For euē as the signes of erysipelas were desumed & knowen by the annalogie of the tokens of phlegmone: so also the remeadies of the cure of erysipelas are to be fetched from the proportion of the remeadies of healing phlegmone. [...]. Furthermore of such kinde of medicines, which haue a dissoluing and breathing qualitie verie necessarie in this euill, there are verie manie, both simples and compoundes, rehearsed of Paulus Aegineta lib. 4. cap. 21. and of Aetius lib. 14. de re medica. But nowe it shall be sufficient to rehearse among so many, one onely remeadie which of all the rest seemeth in my opinion to be most excellent. ℞. of the tender leaues of althea lib. j. boyle thē in hydreleum, Hydreleum is a mixture of water and oyle. and being well boyled, braie them well togeather, putting thereunto of oyle of roses. ℥.iiij. of argenti spuma, and cerusae. ana. ℥.ij.ss. againe plane or smoth them with the iuice of coriander, of sengreene, or nightshade, then put thereunto a few crummes of bread [Page 239] and annoynt them after the manner of an emplayster.Silin [...] [...] locum occupari [...]. But if paraduenture blewnes shall nowe occupie the place, (the skinne being cut before) you must lay a cataplasme aboue vpon it, and sprinckle the place aboundantly, as Galene hath commaunded, with hote water: for it doth digest & wash the woundes: also water and salt brine in the meane season shall auaile to nourish or cherish the place, when it is somewhat thicke, and grosse, which thinges doe scoure and clense the thicknes thereof.Quarta intentio. The fourth intention of the cure of erysipelas, which is the correction of the accidentes, is perfited, (as we haue said in the cure phlegmone) when as we shall returne and driue blacke the recourse of the matter, induration, and corruption togeather with the payne and the heate. For these symptomates are wont to happen as well vnto erysipelas, as vnto phlegmone. Moreouer the best remeadie to asswage paine and vehement heate, is made of the leaues and rootes of henbane,A remeadie to mitigate paine and heat. which you must rowle vp in towe and seath them with prunes: then commixe them with the ointment commonly called populeon, or with swynes greace (as is saide before in the cure of phlegmone). But if erysipelas shall chaunce to be exulcerated,If erysipelas be exulcerated you shall cure it with applying vnguentum album or vnguentū de lithargyro, with the which if you shall commix a little scoria, which is the drosse of lead molten in the fire, you shall make the remeadie most excellent and effectuall. But it shall be more profitable to comprehend the whole order of the cure of erysipelas in some shorte sentences, after the maner of an Epilogue, that those thinges whereof we haue spoken before somewhat at large, may take the deeper roote in our mindes and memories.Seuen Apho. out of Galene cōcerning the whole cure of erysipelas. For this cause therefore we haue taken out of Galene these seuen Aphorismes following, which summarily doe containe the whole cure of erysipelas. 1. In an exquisite erysipelas make no detraction of bloud. 2. If the bodie be full of choler and the affect be great, purge the bellie downward with the medicine cholagogon. 3. If the disease be little & small and the bodie without choler, vse no medicine to purge choler, but 1 content your selfe with some sharpe clyster. 4. When you haue purged the whole bodie (as 2 you must) annoint the affected member in the beginning with medicines that can moderately 3 represse and aboundantly refrigerate, euen to the chaunging of the colour. 5. When 4 you see the cholour of the aggreaued member altered, and the heat of erysipelas slaked, and 5 the inflammation ceased, you must passe ouer from refrigerating and adstrictiue medicines 6 before that the member be throughly blew or blacke, vnto their contraries (that is) vnto digestiues or discussiues and drying remeadies. 6. Those erysipelata which are caused of vlcers, and of other manifest causes you must first scarifie, and afterwarde apply a cataplasme of barely meale. 7. If erysipelas be not exquisite or true, but phlegmonous: you may let bloud 7 without fearing any thing, especially if bloud do abound in the bodie.

CAP. XVII. Of Tumours which doe associate Erysipelas as Herpes both Miliaris and exedens, which are called of the late Chirurgians cholericke pusshes.

THOSE tumours aboue nature, which haue any societie with the aboue mencioned erysipelas, De herpet [...]. or any waie do seeme to partaine thereunto (for that they haue their proceeding of vnnaturall, & hidden choler (that is) which is not mingled with other humours, both the latter sort of Physitions and also of Chirurgians do call mala cholericae pustulae: but the Grecians, as Hippo. Galene and Paulus doe call them herpetae, Pustulae cholericae vn [...]go appella [...]ae herpetes. which worde doth almost sounde and agree with the Latines, as malum quod serpit, the creeping euill. For [...] in Greeke is all one with serpo in Latine, whereupon [...] is called serpens, yet herpes doth not perfectly signifie among the Physitions malum quod serpit, but a certaine kinde of disease whereof we now entreate, therefore the creeping euil extendeth and stretcheh further then herpes for phagedene are also called serpentia vlcera, creeping vlcers. But Auicene calleth all these kindes of pusshes formica, and Galene numbreth them among inflammations,Formica Auicennae. but Celsus seemeth to comprehend [Page 240] them vnder the name of sacer ignis. lib. 5. cap. 28. herpes therefore is caused when yelow choler,VVhen herpes is caused. vnnaturall, alone, and secret (that is to saie) which is commixed with no other humour, doth flow into some member and there remaineth: whose substaunce if it be any thing thicke and sharpe,Two kindes of herpes. it exulcetateth the whole skinne euen to the flesh which lyeth vnder it, and then this euill is called of Hippo. and other Greecians [...], but of 1 the Latines herpetes exedens or depascens, an eating or feeding herpes: & it is called 14. Therap. of Galen by this absolute name, [...]. 1. exedens vel depasce [...]. herpes. But if choler be some what thinne and not so thicke and hote, it exciteth small whelkes outwardly in the superficies of the skin (for that it doth onely as it were burne and scald) like vnto the seedes of millet or hyrse: thy reason of which similitude and likenes the affect is then termed of the Latines miliaris herpes: but of certaine of the Greecians after Hippocrates time it was called for the same reason [...]: 2 for [...] in Greeke, is called milium with vs. And this kinde of species of herpes (Galen witnessing the same lib. 2. ad Glauconem) doth borrow his name or title of the generall worde, [...], some herpes [...]. seeing that the same Galen calleth it herpes simply and without addition. Not withstanding in another place by the name of herpes, Galene calleth it herpes esthiomenus (that is) exedens, Lib. 14. therap. as afterward shall be said. But this kinde doth not altogether cause the vlcer, as the other doth which is called exedens, but as it hath bene said, it exciteth little small pusshes to the likenes of milium, which pushes in processe of time, when they are broken out, doe turne vnto an vlcer. Therefore not without any great reason or cause did Oribasius and certaine other also before Galens time, iudge and thincke, that in this kinde of euill,Ex Paulo, & Gal. there was mixed with choler some thinne fleame, which did bring forth those little pusshes, whereupon it was called of some pustulosus herpes. But the other which is called esthiomenos, Lib. de [...] praeter naturam. is not so mixed with fleame, but seemeth to be a pure choler infected with no other humour: and therefore it chaunceth with erosion, which continually affecteth the skinne, whereupon this name is attributed vnto it. For esthiomenos is all one with erodens o [...] exedeus. And truely this euill is of one and the same kinde with a pustulous and exulcerate erysipelas, from the which notwithstanding it some what differeth by reason of the thinnes of that bilious humour (whereof both of them doe take their beginning). That is that which Galene testifieth in these wordes. It is (saith he) a verie thinne humour which raiseth herpes, Lib. 14. meth. [...]. The cholerick humour, which causeth herpes as verie thinne. and so thinne truely, that it passeth through not onely all the inward members, which are euerie where of a fleshie substaunce, but also through the verie skinne euen vnto the outward little skinne (which is called of the Greekes epidermida) which onely because it staieth there, it both gnaweth and feedeth on: but if it should also pearse through this, after the manner of a sweat, it should in no wise excite any vlcer, for that is a common thing vnto vlcers which doe aryse of a byting humour, which vlcers they call spontanea, because the humour which causeth them, is stayed and tarieth still in their going out or issue. Heatherto Galene. When he nameth herpes simply and without any addition, he meaneth herpes esthiomenus, as it is easie to be knowen by the ioyning togeather thereof, by the signes and cure, and so in that place it borroweth his title of the generall word, when it is simply and absolutely called herpes, as in that litle booke de Tumeribus prater naturam, where the same Galene writeth thus of that kinde of herpes word for word. Herpes also feadeth and gnaweth vpon those partes which are about it,Herpes exulcerateth onely the skinne. but the exulceration is of the skinne onely. But almost all the barbarous sort of Chirurgians euen they of late time do comprehēd both these kindes of herpes videl. miliaris & exedens, vnder this title formic [...], to whom both in this thing and in many other also Auicene first gaue the occasion of errour, who being deceiued by the likenes of the name,Auicen cōso [...] ̄ deth myrmeciae with herpetes. because the Greekes call myrmecia, that is, formica, a certaine kinde of verrucae hath through a maruelous ouersight euē in the same chapter confoū ded those verrucae with herpetes. Guido notwitstanding maketh a difference betweene herpes & formica, and confoundeth the name of formica sometime with verrucae, which the Greekes call mirmecia and acrochordonae sometime with herpes exedens, which (I meane herpes comedens) is sometime named of the same Guido herpestes, Herpes esthiomenus and erysipel vlerratum are not all one. sometime absolutely herpes, who also thought this herpes to be nothing else, but a pustulous and vlcerated erysipelas, whē this notwitstanding, as we haue alleadged out of Galene do differ from the other by reason of the thinnes of the humour. For that choler which excitech herpes is thinner then that [Page 241] which causeth an vlcerate erysipelas. Furthermore erysipelas, which chaunceth with vlceration, doeth not onely occupie the skinne, but with it also, it annoyeth some parte of the fleshe vnder it. But herpes, whereof we now intreate, layeth holde on the skinne onely, and exulcerateth it. Therefore although these euilles are of one and the same kinde (as Galene thought) yet they are not altogeather one, neither are they alike.Morbili sunt, ex herpetum genere. Those whelkes also, which the interpreter of Auicene and the vnlearned companie of Physitions doe terme morbili, Hippocrates libro tertio epidemiarum hath comprehended vnder herpes. But these morbili are caused of a more thinne and slender matter then those pushes which are commonlie called variole. Variole. For these (as Auicene writeth) proceede of bloude, but the other are caused through the admixion of choler and bloude. But if any man doeth longe or desire to knowe what name the auncient Physitions did bequeath vnto these pustulous vlcers: we haue declared that in Latine they were called of Plinie papula, and sometime pituite eruptiones, fleumaticke eruptions:Papularum eruptiones. Ecthymata. Exanthemata but in Greeke of Hippocrates libro tertio epydem ecthymata. Of Galene exanthemata. But the signes, iudgementes, and causes of both kindes of herpes, may sufficientlie be knowen by those thinges which went before. It remayneth therefore that we nowe declare the cure of them. In curing these euilles called herpetes, Herpe tum curatio. Three thinges to be marked in the cure of herpes. (as in other such like voluntarie vlcers, which haue their originall of a byting and vehement humour) three intentions are to be obserued and marked. The first is, that the confluxion of the homour into the affected parte be stopped and letted. The seconde is, to make euacuation, of that, whatsoeuer is flowen already into the aggreued member and sticketh fast in the same. The thirde is to heale the vlcer. We doe finish our first intent, by purging the whole bodie 1 2 3 with some medicine that can bring forth the humour, whereof the euill doth grow,Primus s [...] pus. and when the bodie is throughlie emptied, by repressing and driuing backe the humour that floweth. Therefore in herpes exedens we must vse some medicine, which can prouoke choler downewarde,Herpes requireth the med [...] cine [...]. seeing (as we haue saide before) a pure and sincere biluous humour doth procreate this euill. It happeneth therefore that in respecte of the emptying of the whole bodie, comedentes herpetes must be cured like vnto erysipelata. Therefore because it is a thinne & waterish humour which causeth this euill, Galen hath sufficientlie declared to moilifie and soften the bellie gentlie, or to prouoke vrine with those thinges, which can moderatlie cause the same. But in the other kinde of herpetes, Herpes [...] requireth a remeadie which can purge both choler and fleame. Reprimendi tempus. which by reason of the similitude which it hath with milium, we haue saide to be called in Greeke miliaris and cenchria, there is required some remeadie which is of a mixed facultie (that is) which can purge furth both choler and fleame. For some haue thought and that not without great reason (as Galene sayth) that in this euill there is some fleame commixed with choler. Furthermore that humour which aboundeth in the bodye, and causeth the euill, being emptyed out (as it is required) you must apply those medicines which can represse and keepe backe the flowing of the humour, for then the ministring of them shall be more without daunger, and more conuenient also,Lib. 14. Ther [...]p. seeing that (as Galene sayth) if one doe thrust backe but a little portion of the vicious humour, which after conuenient purging, remaineth yet in the bodie, to the bowelles and great veynes, yet will not cause any sensible euill at all, that can be felte.Repressi [...]es a [...] not to be vsed if the humour be plentifull. Repriment [...] materia. But if the quantytie of the humour be great, it sometyme coucheth it selfe in some pryncipall member, whereas through the force of the purgyng nature the whole bodye is not euacuated either by purgyng downewarde, or by the vrine, or by the skinne, which includeth the whole bodye. But repressiues and repulsiues be not onelie those which doe bynde, but also those which can refrigerate without anie adstriction. Of the which nature are these, as lettuce, bnottegrasse, fenne or ponde lintles, purcelayne, endiue, sengreene, and other of that sorte, which were verie conuenient also for erysipelas. But those medicines,Those remeadies which doe coole & moysten are not meete for herpes exedens. which besides their cooling are also apt by nature to moysten, herpetes especially depascentes doe in no wyse require, but they doe onelie admitte those refrigeratiues, which can also greatlie drie vp. For those remeadies which haue but a meane and weake force to coole and drie as is nightshade, are not sufficient for them. Therefore by Galenes counsell you must in the beginning laye vppon them [Page 242] the yong tender buddes of the vine,Repress [...]e [...] meete for herpes exedens. bremble leaues, leaues of rubum caninum, and plantayne. After applie also with these, lentles, sometime honie and bareley meale. Also minister that cataplasme sine semper [...]ino, which is appoynted for those phlegmonous tumours which proceede of fluxe, for it doth repell that which sloweth, and it dryeth vp that which is conteined in the affected member, and it strengthneth the parts about it. The beginning of the euill being past,Cataplasma. this remeadie auaileth greatlie. Make a cataplasme of the ryndes of pomgranades sodden in wine, & of rhu or rhoe (that is) of the seedes of the shrub coriariū (which of the late Physitions is called sumach) and of the meale of bareley. But by this cataplasme you shall verie well accomplish the second intention or scope of curing herpes, Sumach. These thinges doe accomplish the second intentiō. because it is of sufficient power to digest that, which is flowen alreadie into the affected place, for it appeareth euidently, that those remeadies which haue a repressing facultie, ought to exceede in the generation of the vlcer, but when the vicious humour doth cease to flowe any more into the affected part then those medicines are requisite which do digest. As concerning our third intent which declareth the cure of the vlcer,The cure of the vlc [...]r in he [...]pes [...] our [...] must be dryed vp. Lib. 2· ad Gla [...]. How exulcerated places must be looked to. it behoueth you briefly to know these thinges following: videl. that euery vlcer wheather it commeth of the owne accorde, or be caused by some accidentall cause, doth desire to be dryed vp by some medicine) as Hipp. saith) that is not sharpe, byting, or vehemently prouoking, except, when the vlcer be malicious and full of corruption, for such euills (saith Galen) require more sharpe medicines, and those which haue euen the power of fire, as is, mysos and chalcitis, and arsenicum, and lyme, and saendaracha, & other thinges of that kinde, which burne as hote as fire. Those places therfore that are exulcerated in herpes exedens, must be tēded with pilles, & trochisks, writtē for the cure of herpes in those bookes, which are called pharmacentici: which remedies, when necessitie cōpelleth vs to vse them, must be throughly washed in passum or in some other sweete wine, or if sweete wine be not readie at hand, in thinne & somwhat sharp wine, which is not to old (that is which for age hath no sharpe tast) or else in posca aquosa (which they call oxycratum. P [...]s [...]ae. Remeadies taken of Panius. Aliud. A [...] herpetes depascentes. Paulus in the cure of herpes, which annoyeth vnder the skinne, vseth these remeadies the scouringes of leade steyped in the iuice of smooth rew, or a cerote of myrtles in stead of rew. Another, of olde woll, washed and burnt about a torch. ʒ.xij.ss. of wax. ʒ.xxv. of the scouringes of lead. ʒ.j. of goates tallow, trimmed and washed with water. ʒxxv, of mirtles. ℥.v. But for those herpetes, which do gnaw and byte vehemenly called depascentes, he chargeth to vse this remeadie: ℞. of the ryndes of sweete pomegranates. ʒ.vj. argenti spume. ʒ.vj. of washed wooll cleauing to the torch or to some sweete wood, and that burnt. ʒ.iij. of waxe ʒ.xij. of ceruse ʒ.viij. of frankensence, alume scissible, ana. ʒ.j. let them be steiped in wine or in oyle of mirtles. But now the vlcers being of long continuance,For inueterate vlcers. those trochiskes abouesaid, and other such like medicines which are appointed to cure herpetes, must be washed neither in sweete wine, nor in posca aquosa, but rather in wine that is some what sharpe, especially in that which is blacke, and if that be not to be had, you must vse white wine. But those medicines which are most effectuall & most meete at that time, when vlcers be inueterate, are the pilles of musa, andron, & polyida, whose descriptions are set downe in the ende of the cure of carbunculus, & those trochiskes also, which of Auicene and the latter sort of Physitions are called calidicon and aldaron. But those herpetes, VVhat is to be done in p [...]stulae miliares if they turne into an vlcer. Lib secendo. ad Glaucon. which do onely exulcerate the outward skinne, as they be, which we haue called miliares, must in no wise be enioyned to any of those medicines before hearsed (if we wil credit Galen) For they be verie vehement, and doe greatly drie. But those medicines whatsoeuer they be, which haue the nature and force of glaucium (that is) of memytha, shal suffice these vlcers, and you must washe them with this, but especially with water. But if these thinges shall nothing auaile, you must also commixe vinegre therewith. Also if you annoint it with iuice of nighshade, or plantaine, you shall help it greatlie. Heatherto haue we spoken of herpes. Now because in that which we haue saide, we haue not as yet touched by the waie any thing concerning the euilles called formice, which both the Arabians, and the latter sort of physitions doe erroniouslie, as we haue said, confound with herpetes: this present place doth require, that we set downe a few wordes both of them and of other tumours and increasinges appearing in the skinne, which the Latines call verrucae.

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CAP. XVIII. Of the euils called Formicae, and of other differences of verrucae.

THOSE little tumours, or low swellinges, which are seene to appeare in the skinne like little hillockes, the Latines haue fittely called verrucae, Verrucae. Porra. for verruca signifieth properly the hyest parte of a mountaine or hill: but the common sort call them porra, leekes, because somtime they haue certaine threads lying betweene them not much vnlike vnto the rootes of leekes.There be diuerse kindes of verrucae. The Greekes haue no name, wherein they may comprehend all those kindes of verrucae, but they doe call a certaine kinde thereof by proper names, which be these, [...]. Verrucae therefore of them be called myrmecia, which are of a large foundation, and as it were sitting iust to the grounde, and when they be touched,Myrmecia. they are felt payneful like vnto the byting or stinging of an ant, whereupon their name is giuen vnto them, for the Greekes doe call [...], formica. Wherefore the Latines applying the name thereof to the Greeke word, haue called formicae, verrucae, and for their forme and fashon,Sessiles verrucae. sessiles verrucae. These euils sayth Celsus lib. 5. doe grow either in the palmes of the hands or in the sooles of the feete: but these take deeper roote, and are lower and harder then a wart, and doe cause greater payne: and they send forth more store of bloud, and they scarce at anie time exceede the bignes of a hoppe. But acrochordon is a verruca that is as it were hanging,Acrochordon pensi [...] verruca. and of a more narrow foundation (that is) a certaine round highnes or growing vp in the skin, which hath the foundation (that is) the neather part verie straight to the skin. It is so called because it semeth to hang as though it were tyed with a string.The differēce betweene acrochordones, & myrmecia. By this difference therefore, acrochordones are distinguished from myrmecia, because they are very smal at the neather ende next the skinne, but at the other ende are verie large and broad: contrarywise myrmecia, (as hath bene saide) are of a large foundation, but at the other end they are verie small and slender. But these oftentimes are equall altogeather with the skin▪ and acrochordones doe alwayes appeare aboue the skinne, (as Galene. 14. lib. de morbis curandis hath manifestlie declared.) Besides these thinges, acrochordones (as Celsus saith) doe grow vp thicke and manie togeather, and doe most trouble children, and oftentimes they fall againe sodainely: and sometime they cause but meane inflammation, there are some also, which ar turned into corrupted matter, but they seeldome passe the greatnes of a beane. They be called of Auicene claui, but the Latines doe terme claui, verrucae albae, Claui. because they be like to the round heades of nayles. These do chiefely happen in the fingers, and the soles of the feete, where they doe cause great paine, the Greekes call them [...], [...]. Almismar. Thymion. but Auicene almismar. These be often caused of a bruise, and sometime otherwise. But thymion or thymon, in English a warte, is called of Celsus and of the Greekes verruncula, a litle hillocke, appearing aboue the bodie, which at the neather part next the skinne is verie small (as acrochordon is) but aboue it is more large: it is also somewhat harde, and verie sharpe in the toppe, which doth represent the colour of the floure time, whereuppon the name is giuen vnto it, and also it is easely spread abroade. Oftentimes it giueth forth some bloud, and is almost as great as an Aegyptian beane, seeldome bigger, but sometime lesser:Thymij magnitudo. sometime there grow vp one alone, sometime many togeather, either in the anckles of the feete, or in the handes, or in the sooles of the feete.Thymia in obscaenis pessima But the worst thymia of all are in the filthie partes of the body, where they do commonly bleede. Auicene seemeth to haue named this kinde of verruca, tusium, or (as another translation hath) tarseum. Of the kinde of verrucae be those euils also, which Auicene calleth cornna, not much differing from the other sortes,Coruna. but that they be somewhat long and are turned crooked againe like vnto hornes. The euills called calli, (called of the Greekes also [...],Calli. [...].) doe not much differ from the aforenamed claui, but that they be of themselues without griefe and nothing painefull, and of the cholour of the skinne wherein they are resident, neither doe they ingender of themselues or of their owne accord, but of the hardnes of the skinne caused by labour.

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CAP. XIX. The iudgementes and cure of verrucae.

AMONG all these euilles acrochordon and Thimion, are oftentimes (as Celsus reporteth) ended and doe heale of themselues,Acrochordon. Thymion. Lib. 5. Myrmecia. Cla [...]. and the lesser they be, the soner they be ended. But myrmecia and claui doe scarce at any time cease without curing. If acrocordon be cut of, it leaueth noe roote he hinde it, and therefore it groweth not againe. But where thymeon and clanus be cutte of there ryseth vppe vnderneath a little rounde roote, which descendeth downe somewhat deepe into the flesh, and there abyding, it doth cause the aforesaide euilles to grow againe. Myrmeciae doe holde fast with verie broade rootes, and therefore they cannot be cutte of without great vlceration. It is verie profitable to cutte of clanus and then sprinckle it ouer with hote water, for so it doeth waxe softe and tender without any more adoe, and if it doth bleede, it oftentimes dyeth and ceaseth. It is also taken awaie, by clensing it rounde about, and by laying on it rosen mixed with the beaten powder of lapis molaris. But the other kindes (as the same Celsus affirmeth) must be cured with hote medicines. Nowe the fittest remeadie for the other euilles is that, which is made of the dregges of wine,Myrmeciae. and that medycine is good for myrmecia, which is made of alumme and yelow oaker. Paulus Aegineta lib. 4. cap. 15. rehearseth verie manie remeadies,The cure of verrucae [...] of Paulus. which doe take awaie and vtterly abandon these verrucae, especially those which be sessiles and pensiles of the which kinde are claterium (which is the iuice of wilde cucumbers) rubbed on with salt, the barke of franckensence with vinegre, rathe rype figges, which are rype before their time, with vinegre, meale and nitrum. Also the iuice or liquor of the aforesaide figge tree annoynted doth greatlie helpe, the iuyce of tythymalus, in English spurge, the heade of the fish smaras salted and burnte, the ruste of some mettall with quicke brimestome, (that is) which is not throughly burnt in the fire, the leaues of ocymum with shoemakers bleache, (which the Greekes call chancalthum,) the water of the greene twigges of the vine burnt in the fire) sheepes dounge with vineger,Aqua ex sarmentis d [...]st [...]ll [...]s. goates gall anaointed, the fruite of the great herbe heliotropium applyed by it selfe, or ministred with wine, rewe with nitrum and pepper, nitrum with the vrine of a younge boy not yet accustomed with venerous actes,Stercus bului [...]. oxes dounge ministred in vinegre. But these, which we haue mencioned as remeadies for the extirpation of myrmecia and acrochordones, are greatly also effectuall for those euills called claus and thymia. They doe vse also the heade of a lysarde to take awaie myrmecia, acrochordones, and claui. There are some which doe boyle the heades of salted fishes in that water,Lacertae cap [...]. which distilleth out of the greene braunches, while they be burning: which they doe declare to be a most excellent remeadie for the aforesaide euils. Othersome to extinguish these diseases doe make a lynament of the rust of brasse (which of the late Physitions is called virride aris & flos aris) of brimstone, and of the distilled water of vine braunches. And this is the onely methood of curing, which they are wont to vse in racing out of verrucae, (that is) by gnawing and scalding medycines. But this one thing is most diligentlie to be obserued in administring such kynde of medicynes, which Celsus doth admonish vs of in his fifte booke: namelie, that those partes, which are about the euilles, ought to be couered with leaues, least they also be exulcerate, for which cause some doe annoynt the places about the diseases, with oyntment of bole armoniacke, with terra sigillata, with rose water and vinegre. Furthermore we abolish achrochordones, myrmecia, and thymia, not only with these aforesaide burning medycines: but also with the flame of the fire, or with some hote instrument rightly applyed to them. Oftentimes also we cutte them of. But sometyme we doe take them awaie and vtterly destroie them by a lygature cunninglie made and prepared for them,Other orders of curing. (as it happeneth in that true disease called ficus) or else by setting to the fore teeth,How verrucae are safely burned. as some at Rome in Galenes tyme were wont to doe. But if you shall applie fire or some hote instrument to verruca, you must prouide, that a plat of Iron or some such thing being boored through be made readie for the burnt sore, the hole whereof [Page 245] must so fittely comprehende the same, that none of the skinne about it may be seene Adustion being now made, you must resolue the crust with butter,The cure of myrmecia being equal with the skine. A new cure of myrmecia out of Galene. or with some other annoynting medecine. Afterward you must cure the sore like vnto other vlcers. But how mirmecia, which doe not appeare out of the skinne, but are altogeather, equall therewith, ought to be brought forth & cut of: Gal. teacheth verie well lib. 14. method. med. where he maketh mention of one in his time at Rome, who deuised a new order to cure these verruca, first he brough out the euilles by applying his lippes vnto them or by sucking them, and then (which did seeme maruelous) he plucked them from the roote, afterward, setting to his foreteeth he vtterly destroyed them. But acrochordones, Another cure of myrmecia Lib. 14. meth. med. Scalprion. Scolopomach [...] rion. Another cure inuented by a quill appearing aboue the skinne he straightway bote of with his teeth, and so quickly dispatched them. Galene also setteth downe another double manner to cure these euills, saying: but a Chirurgian being somewhat exercised in manuell practise, may easily cut of these verrucae, both with that instrument made to the forme of a mirtle leafe, and with that also, which the Greekes can scolopomacherion: (this alwayes prouided) that the sore be kept and separated from the skinne or partes about it. We also bring fort myrmecia, by laying some strong and stiffe quill about the compasse or circle thereof, the hollownes of which quill must be equall with the thicknes of myrmecia, that it may pinch it round about in euerie place. Which being afterward turned about the sore and enforced downward it will quickly bring forth the whole myrmecia togeather with the very roote, but you must marke, that the verie end of the quill, which shall cut it in a circle, ought to be not onely thinne and slender, but also sharpe and strong. The quill therefore of an olde cocke,Prima scitè radicem versus abscind [...] ̄ da. or rather of an egle is verie fit for this purpose. But you must cut it of, onely towardes the roote, seeing the hollownes of the other part of the quill may easely comprehend myrmecia,. And truely by this abscession, if it be done cunningly, you shall learne great arte. Hitherto speaketh Galene. But the vlcer which remaineth, (verruca being thus taken away) must be filled vp and brought vnto a scarre, as other vlcers be.

CAP. XX. Of Oedama and other colde fleumaticke and flatuous tumours.

HAVING sufficiently entreated of those tumours, which are engēdred through hote humors: we are now againe determined to handle those tumors which haue their originall of a colde matter, taking our exordium from that euill, which of the Greeciās is called [...]. For as erysipelas is caused of a cholerick fluxe: so adema proceedeth of a fleumaticke humour.Oedema quid. Oedema therefore (Galen defining the same) is a certaine loose and vnpainefull tumour, or it is a certaine thinne swelling without paine, rysing of a flegmatick humour that floweth into some member of the bodie, so that the same Galene lib. 14. The. thought of adema, that it was a disease and no symptomate. For truely we know (saith he) that ademata doth come otherwise then of the flowing of a flegmaticke humour, (that is to witte) of a flegmaticke humour, or vaporous spirite gathered into some member, and sometime engendred in the same, as in the legges and feete, which are troubled with a corrupted water running vnder the skinne, & with the euilles called phthoe, & cachexia, which are euill habites and deformities of the bodie. For in those daungerous dispositions,Oedema est [...] adema is an accidentall symptomate of that affect which oppresseth the man (that is) an accident necessarilie following, which requireth no seuerall or proper cure, (as afterward it shall appeare). Oedema (as phlegmone and [...]ryspelas also) is decerned of the chirurgians by two differences (that is) by the true, or vntrue or vnlawfull adema. A true adema commeth of naturall choler,Oedema duplex verum. which truely is nothing else, but a rawe bloude not throughly digested, [...]. which is founde in a lumpe of bloude, verie fitte to nourish fleugmaticke members. An vntrue and vnlawfull edema proceedeth of vnnaturall fleame.VVhat fleame is. That we may not deale herein any thing obscurely, naturall choler is cold and moist humour, in substance crude or raw, in colour [Page 246] enclyning to a certayne whitenesse, but in ta [...]t, and (if I maie speake it) in smell, it is sweete and pleasaunt: vnnaturall fleame is that which doth degenerate and differ from that fleame before described, & yet it keepeth it selfe within the boundes of his circui [...] & liberty, which if it shall once passe, it is then no more to be called phlegma or fleame, but some other humour▪ But this fleame chaunceth to degenerate from his own proper nature two manner of waies.VVhat and af [...]e [...] wh [...] sort fleame d [...]h [...] from his owne [...]. One way is (as they say) in it selfe, when in his owne naturall & proper substance it is chaunged without any admixion with any other humour, which truely happeneth very often for it is turned either into a waterish substaunce, or into a flatuous substaunce, or into a verie thinne matter, and then it is called phlegma aqu [...]sum flatu [...]sum or [...]enne: or it is turned into a thicke and viscous substaunce, which maketh the fleame verie grosse and clammy, and through a greater (or as we may say) through a further induration, it is caused to looke like a playster or like glasse, or it doth putrifie and is altered, and then it is made both salt, nitrous, and corrosiue. The other waie, vnnaturall fleame is caused through admixion, that is, when as some other humour doth happen to come vnto it extraordinarily, as for example, either bloud, or cholor of melancholie. If bloud be commixed with fleame, it is made sweete: if choler be mingled therewith, it is caused to be salt, if melancholie, it is made soure and sharpe. There are therefore eight kindes of vnnaturall fleame after the opinion of Auicene. Haly Abbas appointeth foure onely. But Galen, saith Guido, seemeth to assigne vnto it two onely kindes,Galene appointeth two kinds of fleam that is, salt and sower, although in his second booke of the differences of feauers, and in his second booke de locis affectis, and in many other places also, he maketh mention of the flame called vitreum, which oftentimes doth ioyne him selfe with sower fleame, by reason of that affinitie and acquaintaunce that it hath with it. By these thinges therefore it is gathered, that of fleame there are ingendred eight species or differences of tumours besides nature.8. Differences of tumours besides nature comming of fleame. For first of fleame that is naturall, commeth a true and lawfull aedema. Secondly of vnnaturall fleame by reason of admixion there proceede three other differences of tumours, because that three other humours may be commixed therewith and these be they: aedema phlegmon [...]dos, aedema crysipelatôdes, and aedema schirrhôdes. Thirdlie of vnnaturall fleame, through the alteration of his proper substaunce, there aryse foure other differences of tumours. For first of windie and vaporous fleame doth come that tumour, which of the Latines is properly called inflatio, but commonly among the Phitisitions it is termed apostema ventosum, a windie aposteme, secondly, of waterish fleame there proceedeth a waterish Aposteme. Thirdly of rawe, thicke, and grosse fleame there are engendred those tumours, which some doe call leues nodi, and there are also engendred flegmaticke abscessions, which they doe commonly call exiturae phlegmaticae. But these are called of the interpreter of Auicene dubelet frigida, of which sort are these s [...]ea [...]om [...]a, atheramata, and melicerides, ganglia also, which be called of Auicene glandula, and other of that kinde, which shall be spoken of in that which followeth. Now of hard or rather of indurated, and (as I may say) of caked fleame, there doe arise all those harde knottes; which are most founde in the ioyntes, and those euilles also called strumae, which are commonly called scrofule. Fourthly of corrupted and putrified fleame, the do come fistulae and other vlsers which they call scrufulosa.

Three causes of aedema.The causes of aedema, as also of other tumours besides nature are threefolde. 1. Primitiue causes are these, a fall from some high place, a stripe, a naughtie dyet. 2. Antecedent, 1 causes, as the aboundaunce of a flegmaticke humour running downe into some member 2 of the bodie. 3. Coniunctae causae, is the verie fleame, which is alreadie stuffed and heaped 3 in the member that is beset with a tumour.Signa [...]dema i [...]. The signes of aedema are these, a loose and softe tumour, which yealdeth to the weight of the finger, and is hollowe after the manner of a ca [...]e or defie, it doeth not ryse vppe agayne at the remouing of the finger, but it doeth retayne the verie footesteppe or marke of that which presseth it. There is felte verie small payne, or almost none at all. Verie little heate, a verie white colour, or as some will haue it) a meane betweene whitenesse and palenesse, and other such like signes, which doe testifie the dominion and power of fleame.Iudicia. Oedema (as other tumours also) hath four times, the beginning the augmenting, the state, and the declinatian of the tumor. This kinde of tumour is most cured by resolution, or exhalation, but seeldome by suppuration, [Page 247] verie often by turning and chaunging them into knottes or kernelles called nodi, or into other increasing (as they call them) which are tearmed of the Graecians [...], but of the Latines Abscessur. But the markes and tokens of the ending and finishing of these kindes of tumours are handled before in our generall discourse of tumours. These oedomatous tumours are rather excited in the winter time, then at other seasons, for then very much fleume is gathered togither in mens bodies. These tumours also do greatly and verie often trouble olde men, and them which be giuen to gluttonie.

CAP. XXI. Of the cure of Oedema caused of a fleugmatike humour flowing into some member.

BECAVSE oedomata, after the manner of other tumours,Curandi oedematis scopus duplex, cum ad huc gignitur. are raised through the flux of humours into some member the scope and order of their cure, shall also be two fould. 1. The one is to dissolue the substance of these humours which now do occupie the member. 2. The other is, to withstand & restraine the fluxe. And as the one scope doth excell the other, so the remedies of their cure must be commixed togither, the one with the other, either somewhat plentifully or somewhat sparingly. When therefore the order of rastrayning shall ouercome that, which counselleth vs to vse euacuating and digesting remedies, the force of restrictiues must be augmented. But when there is more neede of euacuation then of restriction, the nature and vertue of digesting or discussiue and drying medicines, must of necessitie excell in the mixture. Morouer both the plentifull flux & the small deale of matter in the affected part doeth tell vs that in the mixture the vertue of restrictiue medicines must be more effectuall of greater force. Contrariwise you must vse a greater measure of drying & digesting remedies, when matter aboundeth in the member very plentifullie, & the flux verie little. But in an old & inueterate oedema, & that which is alreadie ingendred,The order of curing an [...]de oedema. you shall not vse any longer this order of curing which hath a mingled power, but you shall applie such things as can dispearse & deuide the matter. VVhich thing also is diligētly to be obserued in all other continuall vlcers. But oedema, Oedematis [...] symptoma est curatio. which is an euill simptomat following other daungerous affects, as leannesse of the bodie, the dropsie & an euill habite of the body, which the Grecians call cachexia) doth desire no proper, peculiar or seueral cure (as we haue before mētioned) for it cannot be cured but by expelling that euil affect, wherof it first groweth. Yet somewhat is to be remitted out of it, if it doth debilitate the strength or increase the chiefe affect, or else hinder the cure. It shall therefore be sufficient (if it shall neede any cure) to rub diligently the swelling place, sometime with oxyrhodinum, sometime wirh oile mingled with salt, or else with oxyrhodinum with salt. For this kind of friction doth slake the tumour, and doth mitigate paine, if it be prouoked through to much distention (as sometime it chaunceth.) Oxyrhodinum doth stay the fluxe, oyle with salt hath power to digest & emptie out that which is compact in the member. But oxyrhodinum with salt, doth partly digest & drie vp, and partly restraine and stop the affluxion of humours. But our generall method being before declared, let vs turne our penne to declare the proper and particular order of curing a lawfull oedema, which hath his beginning of the flowing of thinne fleume, which method according to the opinion of the Chirurgians of our time, doth consist of foure thinges,Foure perticular orders to be kept in curing a lawfull oedema. (as hath bene said of Phlegmone and Erysipelus) that is to say, 1. In a iust order of diet. 2. In preparing of the fleugmatike humour, which they call aequatio, an equall diuision, and in purging the same. 3. In repressing, dissoluing and drying vp the humour that is flowed alreadie and nowe doeth occupie the member. 4. And last of all in correcting and remouing the simptomates or Accidentes which doe followe oedema. These therefore are the foure perticular intentions, by the which we dispatch those two generall orders before mencioned.Prima intētio, The first intention therefore is perfited or finished by the dewe and iust vsage of sixe vnnaturall thinges, which shall be well and fitly applied to the sicke bodie, if they shall all [Page 248] decline vnto heate and drinesse with a certaine attenuation or deminishing. Therefore choose and prepare a thinne and drie ayer.A [...]r. Po [...]s. Let him take for his drinke wine that is fined and cleane from dregges, cleare, white, or some what red, which they call claret wine, which in his kind must be excellent good, and alayed a little with water. Let his bread be verie well baked,Cib [...]t. and well handled. Let him eate the flesh of sheepe, or the flesh of the birdes of mountaines and of the plaines, and those rather rosted, then sodden. Let him vse sparingly fat brothes, potherbes, and other fat meates. Let him abstaine from thinges that be vnleauened, rawe, & verie moist. Let him not eate of anie kind of pulse or cheese, nor of vntimely and vnripe fruites, nor of fishes (except they be those which liue in grauellie places, and those also either rosted, or boyled in wine.) Rosted meates generally are better then soddē, and better then those thinges also,Rep [...]t [...]. lu [...]i [...]io. Mo [...]us. which the industrie of the baker can prouide. Let him eate little, and drinke lesse. In all his diet let him eschew lecherie, and gluttonie. If the belly be bound, loose it with figges or with Carthamus. Take therefore fiue or six dry figges, & fill them with the pith of the seede of Carthamus, and eate them either in the morning, or before dinner. Let the bodie be exercised moderately, if so be, the affected member can permit the same without hurt.S [...]nu [...]. Balne [...]. Secunda intē tio. Let his sleepe be little and short. Let him altogither auoide bathing, and all other moystening thinges. The second intention is accomplished by preparatiues, or by remedies equallie deuiding (which they commonly call digestiues) and by medicines which can euacuate that fleugmatike matter, wherewith the bodie of the sicke doeth abounde. Therefore you must giue him some kinde of oxymell, which can cut, deuide, & purge foorth the sleume thar lurketh in the bodie. Afterwarde the matter going before the expulsion being thus prepared, at the appointment of some cunning Phisition, must be emptied out with some medicine, that can purge fleume called phlegmagogon. But if (saith Guido out of Cauliacus) aboundaunce be present in the bodie, you may safelie open a veyne, but yet not without the aduise of some expert Phisition. But in a plethoricke and full bodie there are scarse at anie time seene anie oedemeta, especiallie, these which be lawfull, for fleume doeth not abound in it more plentifullie then other humoures doe. Therefore it being simple and alone, not commixed with other humoures, it can seeldome flow into anie part of a plentifull bodie, wherefore letting of bloud especiallie in a lawfull oedema doeth seeme to be nothing profitable.Tertia intētio The third intention is finished in the beginning by applying repercussiues, and not by those remedies, which by binding vehementlie with their naturall coldnesse do repell and driue backe, but by those which haue power to drie greatlie, and digest well, which they call prouokers of drinesse and resolution. But in the increase, by vsing discussiue remedies somewhat more forcible. But in the state thereof, especiallie about the end, the fluxe being alreadie stayed, by pure medicines, and by those which do verie strongly digest and resolue. But in the declination by consuming and drying helpes if the cure be to be dispatched by resolution. But if it doth degenerate & turne into Abscessions, which they call Exitura, it shall be cured by ripening medicines and by other helpes,Remedies to be vsed in the beginning of oedema. which are set downe for the cure of Abscessions. Moreouer repressing remedies endued with a drying and digesting nature, which do profite in the beginning of oedema comming of the influxion of a fleugmatike humour, are comprehended vnder three speciall 1 rules. The first is out of Galene libr. 14. Therapeut. & secundo ad Glauconem, where he saith, that if Oedema doeth consist of a fleugmatike humour flowing into some member, a sponge wet in water wherin is a little vinegre, shall sometime aboundantly suffise. But these must be so well tempered and commixed togither,Posca aquosa. that they may either be dronke, or that they may not haue much vineger vpon it. But you must bind the sponge to the place, beginning at the neather part, & ending aboue. Let the sponge be verie new. And if there be not a newe to be gotten, you shall cleanse and scoure the old verie diligently by washing it in nitrum and aphonitrum, and in lye. Auicene commaundeth that in steede of a sponge, you sometime apply a double linnen cloth, or some such like thing. The second rule is mencioned 2 of Auicene him selfe. ℞. Baurach of the decoction of water (that is) of salt peter, or of 3 the some of salt peter, of ashes, of vinegre, of eche as much as shall suffice. The third rule is described of Razi [...] after this maner. ℞. Aloes, mirrhe, lycium, acatia, sief, memitha (that is) of Glaucium, Emplastrum Razi [...]. of Cyperus, of crocus orientalis, of bole armoniacke, of ech a little quantitie: pouder [Page 249] them, and commixe them with the iuyce of colewortes called Brassicae, and with vinegre: & make an emplaister. Furthermore those remedies which were of late rehearsed,Remedies to be vsed in the time of increasing. do also help much the increasing of this oedematous tumour, if you do put vnto them a good quantitie of vinegre, and a little Alume, especially in strong bodies, which haue a harde skinne, and when as aquosior posca shall not auaile. Therefore if oedoma doth not cease or rest with these helpes mencioned a little before, when you binde it to againe, you shall commixe a little more vineger, that the posca may be the stronger: or you shall lay on a little alume, and apply a newe sponge. For this doth helpe as an excellent medicine, and doeth long continue verie effectuall, and with his substance it doeth drie vp the affected member. If there be no plentie of new sponges, it is better (saith Galene) to vse that which the common sort call,Lib. 14. Ther. & 2. ad. Glau. elychnion. But aboue all things let it be soft, which kind is vsed at Tarsis, whereof if there be anie plentie, you may boldly vse: for you shall trie it to be more profitable, then the vsing of sponges. But let it be wetted in Posca, & a little alume therewith. Then (as it is set down alreadie) let it be bound to, and let the binding beginne at the neather partes, and end aloft. Let the binding be meane and small, as in the setting of a bone. But truly the first casting about of the swathing band, which must begin beneath, ought to be tied somewhat strait, but all the rest, must be slaked by little and little, but yet not so,Remedies [...] the state and declination. that any part of the binding be loose. Now the remedies which are to be ministred after the vigour of the state, whē the flux is stayed, and in an vniuersall declination (if oedema doth require resolution) are wont also to be described and contained vnder a three folde rule. 1. The first is of Auicene, which is a 1 sponge dipped in lye, of the ashes of the figge tree, of the vine, and of the holine, which is a kind of oke, apply these to the mēber,S [...]ng [...]a aqua [...] for truly in them there is great power and vertue both to drie and to cleanse. 2. The second is of Brunus which Theodoricus also vsed. ℞. of Alume,2 brimstone, mirrhe and salt, of ech a like quantitie. Commix all these with oyle of roses, and with vinegre, & make a liniment,Lini [...]entum. which yet doth drie more strongly then the former remedie. 3. The third is of Auicene likewise, whose description is this as followeth. ℞. of cowes 3 dung. lb.ss. of olibanum, of styrax, of Vsnea (that is) of the mosse of trees,E [...]asirum [...]. Vsnea [...] seu [...] which is called of the Grecians bryon, of calamus aromaticus, of spikenard, of wormwood. ana. ℥.ss. apply all these with vineger, and with the decoction of coleworts, and make an emplaister. And this trulie is the way to cure oedema, which is finished by resolution. But if they do not yeeld vnto digestion, but doe come vnto suppuration, you may apply and that verie profitably vnguentum è succis called diachylon, and that ointment especially which Rogerius was wont to make. To the same purpose also this emplaister following is verie effectuall. ℞. mallowes, branke vrsine, or hircina, which is called Achantus and achanta, roote of Althaea, roote of lillie, rosted onions, snailes, leauen, lineseede, sodden and kneaded, and mingled with swines greace, or with butter, bring them into the forme of an emplaister, or rather of a cataplasma. Another for the same purpose verie effectuall. ℞. of the iuyce of elder, of walwort, of sorrell (which our countrimen do call lapatium acutum) of leuisticū or ligusticum, & of fennel: of ech of thē,This is giue [...] to Theodoricus. as much as you thinke good, yet of an equall weight, boile them with dialthaea, with hony, oile, and butter, and of them make a cataplasme. The Aposteme being ripe, do not tary till it open of the owne accord, for that happeneth seldome, or peraduenture neuer, but let apertion be made with some hote iron, or some burning medicine,Apertio. wherwith the matter may be purged out, according to the maner and forme before expressed. Then let the filthinesse be cleansed out and wiped away with that ointment commonly called vnguentum Apostolorum, or with a mundificatiue of apium, & with the iuyce of wormewood, or with this ointmēt following which doth draw and cleanse the thicke and grosse matter. ℞. of galbanum, A mundificatiue ointment which is attributed to [...] of Ammoniacum, of rosen, terebinthina, pitch, of bullocks tallow, of old oyle. ana. a like quantitie: dissolue the gummes in vinegre, & let them melt or boile vpon the fire with the rest, & make an ointmēt. Afterward let it be cured like vnto other filthy vlcers. But we dispatch our fourth intention, according to the nature & qualitie of the accidents that chaunce verie sodenly,Qu [...]rta intentio. as if paine doth happē, it must most especiallie be mitigated, by applying moist oyle of wol, (after the doctrine of Auicene) or by boiled wine, or by a cerate made of the oile of chāmomil, of the oile of wormwood, of the oile of speake & of wax. But if hardnesse be present it must be dissolued & mollified with the marrow of the bones of bullocks, or with harts marrow, or [Page 250] with some such like thing,Li. 2. ad Gla [...] Oedemare [...]. C [...]pi [...]a curatio [...]. as hereafter shall be said. But Galene in an inuerterate oedema did annoint the sore with oile, & then ministred a sponge dipped in lie, and binding it somwhat iust or straite did perfectly cure the euill.

Now it remaineth that we set downe the summe of the cure of oedema. 1. First therfore vnto 1 an oedema, which is a symptomate happening and comming sodeinly with other diseases (as the dropsie,Oedema morbi accidens. leannesse of the bodie, & that euill called cachixia) apply such medicines as can discusse & dry vp without griefe. 2. Therfore rub the swolne place diligētly with oxymel, 2 or with oxyrhodinum, or with oyle and salt, or else with oxyrhodinum & salt: for by this frictiō you shall both mitigate the paine (if any be caused through distention) & remit the tumour 3 also. But to an oedema which commeth of the influxion of thinne fleume, if flux doth not yet cease apply those medicines,Oedema morbus. which can partly digest, & partly cōstraine & restraine. 4. Therfore bind to a new spong, or some other dipped in lie, or wetted first in alayed Posca, especially 4 in soft and tender bodies, & (if the tumour doth possesse the members of the bodie) bind about them softely some swadling band from the neather part to the vpper, as we vse to do in setting of bones. 5. But if by these remedies, the tumour doth not slake or yeeld, put a little 5 alume with posca. vidz. with oxycratum. 6. But if the affect shalbe of any cōtinuance you must 6 not vse anie more these remedies which haue a mingled faculty (that is to say digesting and restraining) but rather digestiues & discussiues.Oedema i [...]eteratu [...]. 7. Therefore, the member being first annointed 7 with oyle, you must minister a sponge (as we haue said) dipped in lie, & bind it with swathing bands somwhat iust and strait.

CAP. XXII. Of Tumours aboue nature, which the Latines call inflationes, but they are commonly called vvindie Apostemes, apostemata ventosa.

IT is nowe verie requiesite for vs to dispute of the tumours called Inflationes, whose cure is diuerse from the cure oedemata. The differēce betweene inflatio & oedemae. For they (as Galene saith lib. 14. Therap.) haue their originall of a phlegmaticke humour, and therefore do yeeld vnto touching and handling, and our fingers being layed theron do descend somewhat deepely into them. But Inflationes doe come of a flatuous spirite gathered togither, breeding sometime vnder the skinne, somtime vnder the thin filmes, which are compassed about with the bones, or they doe shut in and include the muscles, or else some part of the bowelles. Furthermore sometime there is also not a little of this humour gathered togither in the belly and in the inward partes, and also in the middle space of them, and of the peritonaeum, as in that kind of water (saith Paulus) vnder the skinne (which euill we call a Timpanie.Lib. 4 These also differ from oedemata, because they being touched with the fingers do not retaine anie mark, and they do giue a sound like a tabour, and also because somtime, they are contained in a sensible hollownesse, and that oftentimes verie great. The cause of these kinds of inflations, is the weakenesse of the naturall heate, which is placed in a flegmatike matter to prouoke windinesse.Inflation [...] causae. Lib. 6. de morbis et sympto [...]a. For truely heate may take vp such a vapour of a moist substance, but it can not deuide nor discusse it. For euen as (saith Galen) we se in outward things, that a verie cold constitution (especially when the North wind bloweth) doth make the aire verie calme, and a verie hote constitution in sommer maketh the ayre pure & cleare, but the middle constitutions do cause cloudes, so it happeneth in liuing creaturs. For heate, neither by extreame weakenesse, nor yet by vehement strength can beget wind, but when it getteth a meane betweene these affections. For this vapour is holden in some place (as Auicene saith) either because of the thicknesse of the member, or for the grosnesse of the vaporous spirite.Lib. 4. Which thing also Paulus after the opinion of Galene witnesseth in these wordes: saying, that the thickenesse of the members, and the grossenesse of the spirit or vapour doeth cause, that the same vapour is not dispearsed abrode.

The signs of inflation are these, a tumor not yelding to any touching or handling, it appeareth very cleare & bright,Inflationum notae. & whē it is beatē on, it giueth a soūd like vnto a bottle, or timpany Moreouer there is felt oftentimes windinesse throughout the whole bodie, somtime running this way,Inflationum prognostica. sometime that way, which causeth extensiue paine. But concerning the iudgementes [Page 251] and opinions hereof, a flatuous or vaporous spirit, which is not dissolued and dspersed, doth procure manie discommodities. But a breathing and windie vapour▪ coursing vp and downe within the bodie with paine and great anguish, is greatly to be feared, because it doth seeme to be drawn from some venemous matter. But now seing these three thinges. vidz. the moist matter, the imbecillity of the naturall heate,Inflationum curatio. and the thicknesse of the poores of the bodie, do concurre togither to the generation of inflatio (as hath alreadie bene declared) the order therefore of the cure thereof shall be this, first to strengthen the substance of the heate, to extenuate the vapour and flatuous matter, & to preuent or open the thicknesse of the poores of the bodie (wherein this vaporous spirite gathered nowe togither, is contayned.) Nowe wee make perfect and we finish the two later thinges, that is, the raryfying of the thicke bodie, and the extenuation of the grosse vapour, by one and the same kinde of medicines, which is by vsinge those remedies which doe profite to the extenuation of the members and by applying those helpes, which can heate either more or lesse according to the inflation of the afflicted members according to the thickenesse or thinnesse thereof, and according also to the grosenesse or thinnesse of the vapours. For according to the difference of these things, the power or facultie of those medicines, which are ministred, ought to be intended and remitted. The thinne parts therfore, & the vapour or spirit which is not verie thick, are but meanely to be dealt withall: but the grosse members, & that vapour which containeth much thick matter, do require medicines, which may greatly extenuate & heate them. But if the substaunce of naturall heate shall perish or deminish, it must be repaired againe, regarding the greatnesse of the losse thereof. But if it shall be altered, you must bring it vnto a certaine mediocritie. But if greefe therewithall shall vexe or molest the sicke, you must hasten vnto those helpes which can mitigate paine. Verie well therefore haue the Chirurgians of our age declared,Three intent [...]ns of [...] inflations. that the cure of Inflationes (which they call Apostemata ventosa) is dispatched by three intentions. The first consisteth of a iust and due obseruation of diet. The second of a good concoction or digestion, and the thirde dependeth of the discussing and dispearsing of the windie spirite, which is assembled in the member. Therefore let the institution of diet be after this manner.Prima intētio First of all you must abstaine from all grosse, viscouse, rawe, fleugmatike, and windie meates:Cibus. as are, sweete meates, all kinde of pulse, rawe fruite, rape rootes, Chestnuttes, and other thinges of that sort, which doe ingender a flatuous vapour. You must vse hoate and drie thinges, and those remedies also, which can attenuate, and dissolue windinesse, as is bread made of barley with a little salt and commin seede. Let the patient his drinke be white wine, or claret wine, or vinum Graecum. Potus. Let him vse the decoction of Cicers mixed with onions, let him take apium hortense (which is commonlie called petroselynum, parsley) calamint, rewe, commin. Let the flesh which he eateth on, be rather rosted then sodden, and especially the flesh of birdes (as hath bene saide in the former Chapter.Secunda intentio.) But nowe that you may dispatch the second intention, you must strengthen and corroborate the vertue concoctiue with some sweete and odoriferous sauours, and by confections, and by electuaries appointed for this purpose, as be these, diacuminum, diacalaminthae, Aromaticum rosatum, and this confection following, which they call Drageta. ℞. of annise,Drageta helpeth digestion of fennell, Caruus, daucus, commin, of laurell bearies, beaten togither. ana. ℥.j. of liquorice, galingale, white ginger. ana. ℥.ss. of Cloues, cubebs, of long pepper, seede of rewe. ana. ʒ.ij. of annise seede couered ouer with suger. ℥.iij. of suger. lb.ss. make a powder. But outwardlie let the stomach be annointed with oyle of speke, of Costum, and rewe: or make an Epitheme of those thinges which can discusse winde, and which are appointed to helpe concoction, and let it be applied to the stomach. But these things do rather pertaine vnto Phisicke, then vnto Chirurgie.Tertia intentio. The thirde intention is accomplished by applying some medicine, which hath a double vertue (that is) which can both concoct, digest, and moderately binde, neither will increase paine. But to the perfiting of these things, there are appointed three manner of remedies. libr. 14. Therapent. The first is mentioned of Galene in these wordes. In the arteries (saith he) and in the muscles, which are vnder the skinne, or vnder the filmes which doe couer the bones, when Inflatio is risen, if it be without griefe, some liquor applied to the thinnest members shall profite greatly, of the which [Page 252] nature is lye ministred with a newe sponge. But if griefe doeth also trouble him, you must annoint the member with some oyle,Inflatio commeth of a bruse in the arteries, muscles, & filmes which couer the bones. which hath power to mitigate and remit the same. These diseases happen through a stripe or bruise, when as either the muscle, or the filme, which compasseth the bone, is bruised or hurt, vppon which filme that goeth about the bone, the aforesaide sponge must be layed. 2. The second rule is described also in the same place after this sort: but vnto the muscles (for they sometime are painefull) you must apply some medicine which can mitigat paine in greater measure, so that to them you must applie not onelie lie alone,Sapa. but you must put into it both Sapa, and also a little oyle. But it shall be more profitable in the beginning not to applie lye, but to vse Sapa with wine, and a little vinegre, and to put to them a little oyle, which thinges when they are mingled togither,Lana succida. it is good to heate them, and lay on vnwashed wooll (which they call succida) dipped in them. But if there be no plentie of such wooll, then the oyle of wooll is to be vsed with the former mixture,Oesipus but if oyle of wooll be at hand neither, you shall commix very well some Cerate,Ceratum e [...]t [...]. which is made of the oyle of wooll. For the brused muscles must needes be lenified with some medicine which hath a double strength (that is) which can both concoct, digest, and moderately binde. But if the medicine containeth no astriction, it increaseth sometime phlegmone, and especiallie in those bodies, which are plethoricke and full of humours. Being mindfull therefore of these three indications alreadie declared (that is, of concoction, digestion, and moderate adstriction) in the muscles which are inflated by meanes of some bruse or stripe, when great paine doeth afflict, you shall the rather vse a more mitigating remedie, and you shall greatlie resist paine, by vsing more oyle and wine, whose force I knowe to be mightie, when as paine togither with the inflation doeth speedelie hast to an end. And truely the time is the shorter, if you minister those things, which haue a strong and mightie effect, as are these, lie and vinegre, and next after them wine hath a mightie operation. As often therefore as you minde not to asswage paine, you shall cast into the mixture a greater quantitie of lye and vinegre. Againe when you intend to repell and driue backe, you must put in more of wine then of other thinges, which wine shalbe the more effectuall for this purpose if it be blacke and sharpe. But if you please to digest, you shall minister the greater quantitie of lye. But if you shall mingle vineger with them, the mixture shall be profitable both wayes, because that vinegre hath a double & mingled facultie. But when the muscle is not pained, you may lawfully for want of lye vse Aphronitrum but it must not be grauellie,Proliximio Aphro [...]irum. Formnia tertia. but rather foamie. The third rule is an emplaister made of the filthinesse which is wiped from the bodies of men that wrastle, and of vnslaked lime, boiled togither in water and wine. These are the words of Galene lib. 14. Therap. But those inflations (saith he) which through negligence are inueterate and of some antiquitie, you shall apply to them those helpes which are made of lye (as hath bene said before) and secondlie you shall minister some emplaister.How an olde inflation must be handled. But I will declare also the example or order how to prepare these thinges. First the filthinesse that cometh of mens bodies must be heat, and thoroughly strained, that it may be cleane and pure: then againe take the lime, which must be brayed as small as meale, and sprinkle it in the vessell where the filthinesse is, and tempter it togither to the thicknesse of clay. That medicine also is very good for these inflations, which is made of Sycomorus, and other remedies of that sort do greatly help also. But if this flatuous spirite,If the [...]iddie vapour shalbe venemous. which causeth the inflation, shall be smokie, wicked, corrupted, and excited of a venemous matter, with intollerable paine, and vehement heate, running vp and downe in the members of the bodie, no more safe or better counsell can be giuen, then that (when it is resident in some perticular member) that member be straightway bound beneath and aloft, & in the middest the tumour be opened with a rasour, or wi [...]h some hote instrument, so that the venemous vapour may easily come foorth. Afterward the gaping wound must be filled with Aloes, and with bole armoniacke dissolued in oyle of roses and vinegre. But within three or foure dayes after,Victus ratio. Theriaca. The summe of curing of a flatuos tumour. you must fill vp the wounde with flesh, and bring it to a scarre. But in such venemous inflations, a verie thinne diet must be obserued, and the bodie must be emptied with some purging medicine. And if you minister Theriaca to the sicke, it will helpe him greatly. Nowe there remaineth the summe of the cure of a flatuous tumour, 1 which we minde to declare in these wordes following. 1. First confirme and strengthen [Page 253] the weake substaunce of heate that is in the affected member, restore the same againe, and when it is altered bring it into some mediocritie. 2. Extenuate the vaporous and windy humour,2 which raiseth the tumour. 3. Open the thicke pores of the skinne, and of the whole 3 affected member with medicines that are effectuall for the thinnesse of the members, afterward seeke to discusse the flatuous vapour. 4. But according to the difference of the affected 4 partes, and according to the thicknesse of the flatuous vapour, or the thinnesse of the medicines which are applied, intend and remit aswell the matter, as the facultie & vertue of them. 5. Furthermore, if such a vaporous tumour shall chaunce with greife and with inflammatiō 5 (as it happeneth in the muscles which through some bruise are stuffed out with wind) apply in the beginning mitigating medicines: but in processe of time, vse such remedies, as haue power to dissolue, encreasing by little and little the plentie thereof. 6. Inflations, through 6 negligence are inueterate, first annoint them with lie, and then lay to some plaister, which can mollifie, dissolue and discusse them.

CAP. XXIII. Of a Tumour caused of a thinne substance, which they call Aquosum Apostema (that is) a waterish Aposteme.

IF fleame doth vniuersally abound throughout the whole bodie, that kinde of disease (which is a waterish humour running betweene the skinne and the flesh, called Leucophlegmatia) doth accompanie the same,Leu [...]o [...]gmatia. as Galene hath noted in his sixte booke de symptomatum causis. But when this flegmaticke humour doth flow in one onely member, there is engendred oedema: for so they call a loose tumour, which is without paine. But if waterish excrementes doe abound, [...] they are wonte to bring the d [...]opsie (which they call ascites) which if they shall couche them selues in one onely member, they doe raise in it phlyctaenae (that is to say) pushes or whelkes. Furthermore the latter sorte of Physitions haue bene accustomed to call this kind of waterish tumours, Aquosum phlegma, as also they doe terme that humour to be fleame, [...]. which floweth in the feete and legges of them, that are troubled with the dropsie, and aboundeth in the leane partes of the bodie, and in other members, which doe labour of an euill habite, (which the Grecians call Cachexia. And these kindes of tumours which doe proceede of waterish fleame, or of the aforesaide serous encreasing, they doe also call vnlawfull and vntrue oedemata. But in those daungerous dispositions or diseases they call it Tabes, which name Hydrope and Cachexia doe require,Li. 2. ad Glau. [...]. & 14. Therap. but oedema (as hath bene alreadie declared out or Galene) doth not deserue the name of a disease, but of a symptomate, for that truely it needeth no particular or seuerall cure. For the onely rubbing of it with oxyrrhodinum, or sometime with salt and oyle, or with salt and oxyrrhodinum doth stop it, and many other things or that kinde doe worke the like effect. But the causes of these tumours are these, the altering of the vertue or facultie of the members through a colde and corrupted intemperature of the bodie,Causae. & the naughtynesse of nourishment, declining to aquositie, as you may easilie gather out of the sixth booke de symptomatum causis. Signae. The signes and iudgementes are almost all one with a true oedema. Yet they differ in this, because in the waterish tumours the tumour is more loose, then in a lawfull oedema: and therefore it doth not so resist touching, neither doth it sound like winde, but rather as water, and it doth seeme to shine after a sorte, when one beholdeth it against the light. Now concerning the iudgements of this kinde of tumour there is no doubt but that a waterish tumour proceedeth of a greater coldnesse then a flatuous tumour doth,Indiciae. Ascites is caused of more [...] then Timpani [...]e [...] VVhat partes these tumuors do most occupy. as Galene declareth in the eleuenth commentarie of his fourth booke of Aphorismes. But it seemeth (sayth he) that a waterish Hydrops, which they call Ascites, is engendred of great coldnesse, but a Tympanie of lesse colde, which disease is named of Hippocrates a dry water running betweene the skinne. For a moyst substaunce cannot be chaunged into a flatuous vapour without some heate. Moreouer waterish tumours doe happen oftener in the feete, in the stones, and coddes, in the heade, and in the ioyntes, then in any [Page 254] other partes of the bodie, both because such a kinde of humour doth readily rush into those partes, and also, because heate is verie meane and litle in them: for because they be farre of from the hotest members. And as a flatuous vapour is seeldom found without a waterish humour: so a waterish or serous humour is scarce contained at any time in any member without a windie spirite. Hitherto haue wee spoken of the generation, the causes, signes, and iudgementes of a waterish Tumour: nowe we will set downe the cure thereof. Seeing that these waterish tumoures are caused (as we haue said alreadie) of the flowing of a serous humour,Aqu [...]si in [...]oris c [...]atio. there needeth no other meanes, especiallie no other generall order to Cure them, then that methode, which we haue expressed alreadie in the Cure of other tumoures, which are ingendred of the influxion of humoures into some member.Curatio duplex. The order therefore of remedying such kinde of tumoures in the beginning shall consist of two pointes (that is to say) 1. to emptie out that which is flowed. 2. and to stop and inhibite the fluxe of the humour. Wherefore, as in all other diseases, which are yet but a begetting, so also in these affectes, the Phisition must be carefull and diligent, as well in curing them, as in foreseeing the daunger following. (that is) both to remedie the disease, and prouide for the fluxe. The first order therefore is subiect to that part of the arte of Physicke, which cureth the diseases: but the second belongeth to that part, which preuenteth the disease to come. But that we may profit and dispatch this doubt and generall methode,Fiue particular intentions in curing a waterish tumour. it is necessarie to recite fiue other particular intentions, expressed of Guido out of Cauliacus for the cure of a waterish tumour in this manner & order, as followeth. The first consisteth in a iust institution & obseruation of a good diet. The second in the helping & furthering of concoction. The thirde in 1 2 3 purging out the waterish humour by the bellie. The fourth in bringing out of the waterish 4 humour through the passages of the vrine. The fifte & the last consisteth in the euaporating 5 and drying vp of that waterish humiditie which is compact & contayned in the aggreaued member. But because the foure first intentions do rather partayne vnto the Physition then vnto the Chyrurgian, for whose profit we haue taken this worke in hande, and also because they may sufficientlie be knowen by those thinges, which went before: we are determined to handle in this place the last intention onely, which requireth some newe inuented remedies. The fift intention therefore is ended with those medycines which can drie vppe, and resolue these waterish and serous humours, which are contayned in the affected member. 1 But of these remedies there are commonly set downe three rules or orders. The first is out of Galene lib. 2. ad Glauconem, and lib. 14. method. medendi. which is made of oxyrrhodinum 2 and salte (as hath bene before declared.) The seconde is out of the same authour, which is a new sponge, dipped in lie, and to this purpose serueth those remedies also, which we haue before set downe for the cure of oedemata: with the which helpes (that they may drie vppe and discusse the more stronglie) you must commixe, Aphronitrum, alume, and b [...]ymestone. The thirde rule is a certayne emplayster described of Auicene for the 3 cure of scrofule, which emplayster he attrybuted to Galene in libro suo de compositione medicamentorum [...]. But this emplayster (as he sayth) within one weeke at the most, and oftentimes within three dayes doth resolue all the hardnesse of the euill. But although this emplaister cannot be founde in the booke before rehearsed to belong vnto Galen: notwithstanding we may vse the same verie fitly to the dissolutiō of a waterish and flatuous hardnesse: whose discription out of Auicene is this that followeth. ℞. of mustard seede, of nettle seede,Auicennes emplaister to discusse waterish tumours. brimstone, spuma maris, aristolochia rotunda, and bdellium ana. ℥.j. of ammoniacke, old oyle, & wax ana. ℥.ij. But if the hardnesse of the tumour be not discussed by this emplayster, you can deuise no other more excellent or more present remedie, then to open it with some instrument, & then to clense it & scoure it, & afterward to cure it after the maner of other filthie vlcers.Capita curationis aqu [...]si tumoris. The summe of curing a waterish tumor is this. 1. Appoint such a diet to the sick, as can attenuate, heate, & dry vp. 2. Let him vse a moderate exercise of his body, let him eate & drinck litle, let him not sleepe much, let him oftētimes prouoke his belly & bladder to auoyd 1 2 3 4 excremēts. 3. Take heed that he digesteth his meate wel, & that it begetteth not windines. 4. Purg out the waterish humor, wherwith the whole body of the sick doth aboūd by the belly, & by the pores of the vrine. 5. Dry vp, & digest through breathing that serous humor which 5 6 is included in the affected mēber. 6. But if it cannot thus be discussed, put some penknife, or [Page 255] some other hote instrument into the tumour, if it occupieth the arteries, and open it in that place where it is most inclined downward, that so the humour may the more easily come foorth. 7. Euacuate the humour, which did cause the tumour by some emissarie, and then 7 without delaie dispatche all other thinges which doe pertaine vnto the cure of other corrupted vlcers of the like nature.

CAP. XXIIII. Of the diseases called Glandulae, Nodi, and Strumae, together vvith other Abscessions, vvhich they call Phlegmaticae Excrescentiae.

GANGLIA so called of the Grecians, Choerades (that is) Strumae, Enumeratio abscessu [...]m pitu [...]os [...]rum. which they also call Scrofule, Bronchocêle, which they name Bocium, and Hernia gutturis, Melicerides, Steatomata, and Atheromata: also Testudo, Talpa, Nacta or Nap [...]a, which names giuen to Tumours were inuented of the late Physitions, and are not to be found amongest auncient writers: Those Tumours also which Auicene calleth Fugille, also Nodi, and vulgaris Bubo, together with many other tumours of that kind, in what parte soeuer of the body they do grow, they haue their generation of fleume, and for that cause they are iustly referred vnto phlegmatike tumours. But although certaine of the aboue named Abscessions do degenerate into a stony hardnesse and into scirrhous diseases: yet the roote and the originall beginning of them for the most parte is fleume, (as Auicene declareth) yet we will not deny, but that some other humour may sometime be commixed with fleume, wherof such kind of Abscessions do come, and so there do grow vp those Abscessions which are both compound and of an other kind. But our intent is to speake here of simple Abscessions onely, by whose proportion or analogie the knowledge of compound tumours shall appeare most euidently: [...] for the one must alwayes be referred vnto the other as it were vnto certaine rules or canons (as we haue said else where.) Therefore all the aforesaid tumours are comprehended vnder the kind of phlegmatike Abscessions or (that I may speake after the maner of the cōmon Chyrurgians) vnder the Genus of phlegmatike increasinges, which diseases haue certaine speciall differences among them selues, (as it shall afterward appeare.) For Glandula, (as Guido thought) tooke his title of the liknesse of Glans, [...] an acorne, which forme he doeth seeme to vnderstand in this place: This Glandula, sayeth he, is euery where softe, one alone, moueable, and disseuered from the other partes lying about it, oftentimes growing in the cleane and pure partes of the body.Auicen [...] Glā du [...]e are a [...]l [...] with Ganglia. But Glandule in Auicene doe breed either in the hande, or in the foote, or in some other place ioined to the sinewes and cordes of the body, and these Glandule he would not haue destroyed, least the sicke therby should fall into Spasmos, the crampe. They do happen also in the palme of the hand, and in the forehead, as Auicene sayeth, who also calleth them sometime Glandulosa Apostemata, sometime Nodi: for he doeth intreat of these euills very rashly in diuerse Chapters, as in his Chapter de Nodis euen vnto the ende, and in his treatise de Glandulis. Therefore Auicens Glandulae doe seeme to be diuerse from Guido his Glandule, and Ganglia among the Grecians to be all one with Auicene his Glandule which thing Paulus his wordes next following doe plainly testifie. Ganglium (sayeth he) is a gathering together of the sinowes,Cap. 16. lib. 4. Ganglium quid. which is caused of some stripe or of wearynesse, & that in many partes of the body especially in those which are alwayes mouing, as in the middest of the hand and in the feete. Aētius sayeth, that it seeldome possesseth the elbow and the head, and it doeth seeldome also arise voluntarily. And againe the same Paulus lib. 6. cap. 39. declaring what Ganglium is, how it doth grow, in what members chiefly it doth arise, & what signes or tokens doth accompanie it confirmeth those very wordes which we spoke before saying: Gangliū is a conuulsion of the sinewes, caused of some blow or of labor, chaūcing for the most part in the iointes of the hands, & of the armes, and in the ancles and iointes of the feete, although also it ariseth in other partes of the body. These are the signes of Ganglium, the tumour is all of one colour,Signa Gan [...]. resisting touching or handling, and without paine, but if you doe thrust it any thing violently, it is felt painfull, [Page 256] being not deeply rooted, but lying vnder the very skinne next the sides: but againe, if you prouoke it by force it doeth so neither before nor after. Hetherto speaketh Paulus Aegineta de Ganglijs. Now we will discourse of other fleugmatike tumours. Those Abscessions which the common sorte call Scrofula are nothing else,Scroful [...]. but hard kernels conteined within the litle filmes, videlicet, Glandula chiefly, appearing in the necke, the arme holes, and in the partes about the priuie members, where Glandula are placed by the vessells of the bodye that ly vnder them: yet sometime (although seeldome) they are caused by meanes of the flesh of the same places, which through a certaine kind of affinitie is turned into the nature of Strumae, and is increased by the addition of matter (as it pleased Laeonidas.) The Latines call them Strumae, Ch [...]rades Graec [...]rum. but the Greekes, Choerades, either truely because of the stones called Choerades growing in the Sea, or else because of those beastes called Sowes that bring foorth a great companie of pigges at once (for these euills do rise vp many together) which beastes are often infected with that disease.Sues. Struma. Cels [...]. For Scrofa, that is to say, Sues haue thicke and glandulous neckes and commonly they be strumous and full of kernells. But Celsus sayeth that Strumae is a tumour, wherin vnder the congealed place there do arise certaine thinges like glandule of matter and bloud. But these do not onely possesse the necke, but also the nosethrills, the priuie partes of the body, & the sides. The Chyrurgian Meges declareth also that he hath found them in the pappes of women.Lib. 6. Paulus also speaketh thus of them: Strumae, sayeth he, do arise in the fore parte of the necke, or in one parte or other both at once, either two or more: But all are included within their filmes,Lupia. as Steatomata, Atheromata, and Melicerides. Lupia, sayeth Guido, is softe and round like vnto a hoppe, and chiefly choseth his place in hard and drye places of the body, as in the eye liddes and in other sinowy members: the Frenchmen call it commonly vne L [...]upe. Therefore if the description and cure of it, (which shall be afterward handled) be conferred with the description and cure of Ganglium amongest the Greekes: the diseases will appeare not much different or vnlike: but they do greatly erre▪ which do make this euill called Lupia, Lupus morb [...]s. to be all one with that disease called Lupus. For Lupus is a malignant vlcer quickly consuming the neither partes, but specially annoying the thighes and legges, and it is very hungry like vnto a woulfe (wherof it seemeth to receiue this title) eating vp the flesh that ly next vnto it, which euill without doubt is of the kind of Phaged [...]nae. Diseases therefore are farre diuerse among themselues the one from the other, although in name they be somewhat acquainted.Nodi. Nodus, (as the knot of a rope) is said of the same Guido, to be round, harde, and abiding in one and the same place, growing especially about the sinowy places of the body.Auice [...]ae nodi. But Auicenne in a certaine place defineth Nodi to be dubeleta a frigida, and he compa [...]eth this name with Steatomata, which are called adiposi & adipini nodi, fat [...]u [...]les, and with Melicerides, which are called melli [...]ij nodi, and with Atheromata, which consist of a certaine kind of matter like vnto a pulse, which the Greekes call Athera. But because these three kindes of Abscessions, that is to say, Steatoma, Meliceris, and Atheroma, are most incident to mens bodyes, and Galen also maketh mention of them in very many places: we thinke it conuenient (hauing here gotten so fit oportunitie to intreat of them) plainly to declare their nature and their markes wherby they may be knowen, and in what thinges also they do differ and dissent,Atheroma. and in what thinges they do also conspire and agree. Atheroma therefore is a tumour of one and the same colour and without paine, conteining within the filme or sinowy tunicle a softe humour like vnto Athera, that is, a kind of pulse, which is made of boiled meale. Sometime also in Atheromata together with a softe humour, there are found certaine stony and hard substances, and other thinges like vnto small peeces of brimstone, oftentimes there are found in them certaine thinges like vnto the chewed bones of a henne, and like vnto heares wound vp together. This tumour Atheroma, appeareth in forme and figure very long, and somewhat eleuated in height, which being pressed with the fingers, by reason of the clammishnesse and thicknesse of the humour, it doeth slowly yeeld or go backe, and the fingers being remoued, it doth slowly also returne againe. But Meliceris is a tumour,Meliceris. which is voide of paine also, but yet it is round, wherin the humour, which is also included in some sinowy tunicle, (which they call Cystis) is found somewhat thinne, representing the substance of hony: whereupon some of the Latines doe call it mellifanium, a hony combe. Meliceris therefore doeth differ from Atheroma in [Page 257] fa [...]ion; and in the substance of the humour: for both the forme is more round, and the su [...]nce of the humour more sclender. This hony tumour therefore is further extended th [...] Atheroma, and by pressing it with the fingers it doeth speadily giue place, and when [...] are remoued, it doeth with the like celeritie returne to the former place. But [...] is a tumour also besides nature, all of one colour,Stea [...]. and very gentle to be handled in th [...] [...]eginning truely it is very small, but in processe of time it increaseth and becommeth [...], wherin is conteined a humour very like vnto tallowe, which is also comprehend vnder the filmes of the bodye. This is distinguished from Meliceris and from Atherom [...] by reason of the hardnesse therof, for it is both full and plentyfull, and it doeth so resist [...] aching, that it will in no wise yeeld to the thrusting of the fingers. But let vs now procee [...] to declare other kindes of Apostemes, which are almost reduced vnto these three, whe [...]f we haue now intreated. Testudo (sayeth Guido) is a great Abscession,Testudo. very humorall, [...], and of abroad fashion, after the maner of a targette, (wherupon it receiued the [...] which euill if it groweth (sayeth he) in the head, it is called Talparia or Talpa: if in [...], it is called Bocium: if in the stones, Hernia: but sometime it is found with matter, [...] with certaine scales, or with a fistula accompanying it. But Testudines and Talpae, amon [...]st the auncient Physitions, had neither any proper name, nor yet once entreated of. But [...] of our dayes doe define Testudo to be a softe tumour, or not greatly hard, yet some [...] bigge, in the which is conteined a grosse matter lying hid in a certaine tunicle, whic [...] [...]loth so cleaue vnto the whole head of a man (for it is a disease incident to the skinne of the [...]ead) that it oftentimes corrupted the same. This euill (no doubt) is to be accounted a [...]ng the number of Abscessions, and comprehended vnder Meliceris, or Atheroma, but it ther seemeth to incline vnto Meliceris: but Talpa, Talpa. because it conteineth a white matte [...] [...] rather referred vnto Atheroma, then vnto Meliceris: Notwithstanding Guido affirmet [...] [...]hat it is a kind of Testudo, yea also that it is Testudo it selfe (as we said a late) as Hernia [...] and Bocium, which he also nameth: but these affectes haue barrowed there diuerse [...] according to the varietie of the places, wherin they are found. But that which the comon sorte call Bocium, Bocium. the Greekes (fetching their title or name euen from the verie deep) doe properly call Brouchocêle, but our countrey men call it Hernia gutturis, whereupon they also call them Gutturosi, which doe labour of that diease.Broucho [...]l [...]e. Brouchocêle is a great [...] chauncing in the necke, verie round betwene the skinne and the wind pipe, wherin [...]ere is included, sometime deade flesh, sumetime a certaine humour like vnto hony, or [...], or sodden meale, or water. Sometime also (as Celsus sayeth) there are found in such t [...]mours certaine heares mingled with litle bones.Nacta. Nacta (as Guido writeth) is a great tu [...]our, full of flesh, like vnto the flesh of a mans buttockes, of diuerse formes and greatness: as are melons and gourdes, and therefore it borroweth sundrie names according to the va [...]etie of the fashion and member wherin it is placed. Moreouer this tumour which of the lat [...]r sorte is called Nacta or Napta, is voide of paine,Nacta or Napta is referred vnto Steatomata. except peraduenture it be so great, th [...]t by the continuall drawing of the partes of that member, it bringeth some griefe to the pa [...]es about it. This also is of the number of Abscessions, and doeth parteine vnto Steatomaa (as we said before in the enumeration of tumours besides nature.Bubo. Bubo (sayeth Galene) is a disease of the loose members, or of Glandulae, (which the Greekes call Adenae) that is to say, a simple inflammation. Wherfore Guido hath either vnfitly here rehearsed it among the number of flegmatike abscessions: or else he vnderstandeth some other matter then Galene doth. But Bubones, which are caused through a fall from some place, or by other vlcers & diseases, are without any danger: but those which are wonte to happen in pestilent feuers, are the worst of all, whether they inuade the thighes, or the nosethrills, or the necke. Fugilla (sayeth the interpreter of Auicene) is of the kind of glandulous Apostemes, and this terme (sayeth he) is appropriated vnto it, because it is a disease chauncing behind the eares.Fugillae. By the which description it may easily be coniectured, that Fugille, so called of Auicene, is that tumour, which is called of the Greekes Parotis, that is, [...]. VVhat Bubo is with Guido and other late Physitions. a glandulous disease growing vnderneth the eares. But some do thinke Fugille to be all one with Bubo: but then Bubo is farre otherwise taken of them, then of Galene and Paulus, which is (as they say) a tumour that is deeply planted and rooted, and oftentimes not compassed with any skinne or filme, it is [Page 258] very hard also after the maner of the euills called Scrofule, & in that signification (as I iud [...]) is Bubo takē of Guido, because he doth register Fugillinus Bubo amongst the number of fle [...] matike abscessions. But there are now found out very many titles giuen to these kin [...] [...]f phlegmatike abscessions. But we ought not greatly to stand vpon the names of them, so [...] we know and vnderstand the onely differences of them, because it falleth so out, that ac [...] ding to the diuersitie of their names,The differēces of flegmatike abscessions. their cures and iudgements do varie. Therefore of [...] kind of abscessions, some truely are included within a certaine skinne or tunicle (which [...] call Cystis) and some are deeply planted in the flesh: some haue a sclender foundatiō, or [...] roote, and some againe are very large and broad. Also some are easie to be resolued, [...] some are farre otherwise: some great, and some litle. Some also do come vnto suppuran, and some do not. To conclude some tumours are scaly, fistulous, and cancerous, but [...] do admit or suffer none of these thinges.Of the causes signes & iudgmentes of the aforesaid tumour [...]. Causes of tumours which pertaine vnto fleume. The matter of flegmatike abscessions. The causes of these kindes of tumours are [...] fould: videlicet. 1. Primitiue causes, as a fall, a stripe, excessiue or inordinate liuing, [...] an euill diet. 2. Antecedentes causae, as are vnnaturall humours, especially those which be [...]gmatike, and true oedemata, which do degenerate into abscessions. 3. Coniunctae causae, [...] are the diuerse substances, and properly the matters of euery abscession, conteined in [...] affected member. But in these kindes of tumours there are conteined certaine humours, [...] be either serous or waterish as is vrine, or putrified and corrupte, or filthie, or dirtie, [...] else humours, like vnto hony, or sodden meale, or vnto fatte. But there are sometime [...] within these abscessions phlegmatike, and waterish and glandulous flesh, sometim [...] also stones, sand, shelles, wood, coales, and other such like solide substances. Notwithsta [...]ding these three kindes of tumours do most frequent mens bodyes (as we haue said before) herof euery one hath borrowed in Greek his proper title:14. Therap. as Atheroma, Steatoma, and Meeris, which are thus called by reason of the similitude of the substaunces conteined in the [...] ▪ For there is another tumour amongst these, like vnto tallowe, or some other fatte thing, a [...]other like vnto hony,Signa. another like vnto a thinne kind of meate, which they call Athera. Th [...] [...]ignes and iudgementes of such kindes of tumours, which belong vnto fleume, may easily bound out by their descriptions and differences before declared. But the marke, wherby [...] may know whether they be couered with any vale or not,Notae abscessu [...] relament [...] [...]. is this, there is mouablenesse [...] inconstancie of the filme or skinne, called Cystis, which the auncient Physitions haue [...] tunica, and there is a separation of the skinne: but when they be surely fixed, that is, [...]iding in one place, and do cleaue fast to the flesh, it is an euident token, that they are garde [...] about with no filme or tunicle at all.Indicia abscess [...] pim [...]s [...]um. Futhermore those tumours which are new and tr [...]ctable, may easily be discussed, but they which be hard and inueterate can in no wise be r [...]olued. Rednesse, paine, and increasing of heate do declare that those abscessions will either [...] to suppuration, or else degenerate into a fistula or a Cancre. Strumae numerosae, which [...] affect the outward members, and do often chaunge their place, wandring here and there a [...]out the body, with a certaine extraordinary heate, do testifie and declare very plainly, that [...]ey will beget and breed those inward diseases called Chaerades, Arnaldus à villa [...]. as Arnaldus hath noted in a [...]ertaine place. Those remedies therfore, which are outwardly applied to them, do profit li [...]e or nothing. But these diseases (as Auicene thought) are increased and do multiplie by so [...]e fall, or by some hurt or bruise in the body.Auicema [...]. Now these strumous tumours are greatly helped by vsing purging medicines, diureticall potions, & electuaries, (as they call them) which can drie vp. Also the chaunge of age doeth greatly auaile in young children.In what ages and bodyes Strumae doe raigne. But children, by reason of their excessiue eating and immoderate diet, and the sclendernesse of body, are very often annoyed with Strumae. But olde men by reason of the contrary causes, are seeldome troubled therwith. Moreouer they which haue a narrow forehead, and straight temples, and great checkes, are subiect to Strumae. For in such, the matter is readely brought downe to the necke, as one Henricus among the number of the late Physitions, hath noted very well. But Strumae (as Celsus sayeth) are wont commonly to weary Physitions,Celsus. because they procure feauers also, neither do they at anytime ripen easily, and they are cured either with some hote instrument, or with medicines, and oftentimes they do rise vp againe beside their scarres, and a long time after they require medicines againe, and moreover it so commeth to passe that they remaine in the flesh along season. The inscision, and corrosiuing of such tumours [Page 259] is greatly to be feared about the belly, the necke, and the iointes, by reason of the affinitie and knitting together of the veines, the arteries, and the sinowes, and also of the internall capacitie. In the incision also of great Glandule, it behoueth greatly to eschew that veine, which lyeth at the roote of them, and doth bring nourishment vnto them. For oftentimes it causeth great profusion of bloud, wherupon there ensueth straight waye no small danger. These euills called Strumae, do greatly differ amongst them selfes both in greatnesse, nature, place, beginning, multitude, and ioining together of the vessells (as Aetius hath gathered out of Leonidas. Therefore litle Strume are sooner and more easily cured then the great, euen as the gentle tumours are more tractable then those which are enflamed. Noysome Strume cannot be remedied. For seeing all such diseases called Strumae are cancerous,Magnitude Strumae. and do stuffe vp the vessels of the body, while they are curing, they must needes bring the daunger of profusion of bloud, besides that also,Natura. they are found very deepe in the flesh and therfore they cannot any way be cut of. For a malicious and hurtfull Struma doeth possesse the best vessells, (that is) the greatest veines and arteries (which are called Carotides) euen as though it should hold by certaine rootes.Locus. The superficiall Strumae are more easie to be cured then the internall by reason of their place, and those also are curable which do happen in the necke, where yet you must, be very diligent to eschew the loud and great senowes: for many by cutting Strumae about the windpipe, and by cutting other loud senowes haue caused the sicke all the time of his life after to remaine speachlesse. For beside the excision of that senowe, the great vessells being laid bare, and cooled in the cure, do hurte the dutie of the tongue. For the multitude of Strume, it appeareth,Multitude. Ortus. that one alone may easilier be cured them many together. And concerning the maner of their rising, it is manifest also, that they which hange downward are a great deale sooner healed, then they which are planted in the flesh. Thus much concerning Struma, which Aetius hath recited out of Leonidas. The cure of these kindes of Abscessions, which haue their originall of fleume,Duplex abscessuū pituitosorum curā di ratio. 1. Vniuersalis. is of the late Chyrurgians appointed to be two fould (that is to say.) 1. Generall, and vniuersally common at all, 2. and particular, which is proper in euery difference. Therfore our generall methode of curing these tumours shalbe, to appoint such an ordinarie and conuneient diet to the sicke, as that the matter, which causeth such abscessions, be not heaped vp together in the body, and by all meanes to preuent and turne away the antecedent matter (as they call it) which now is gathered together in the sicke bodye, least at the lenght it be vnited to the ioined cause, that is, vnto that matter, which now bringeth the disease. But we shall accomplish the first intention of our generall cure, if the sicke do diligently obserue that kind of diet, which is prescribed in our former Chapters (this one thing excepted) which is,Victus ratio. that they ought to keepe a very thinne diet, and that, which is more conuenient to deuide thicke and clammie humours. Therefore if they will follow the counsell of Auicene, let them eschew all those meates which are of a grosse iuice, the drinking also of cold thinges, too much satietie and immoderate fulnesse, and those thinges also which procure vomite and abhorring of meates. But they must abide as much hunger as can be. They must chiefly procure good digestion, and auoide a moist house, that is either situated in lowe vallyes, or in fennes, or frequented with corrupted waters. Let his drinke be wine that is excellent and of the best, or else let it be water of alume, or of brimstone. For such kind of minerall waters,Aquae [...]l [...]inosae vi [...]. especially those which do represent in tast the dregges of wine, do not onely diminish & discusse these inward Strumours and flegmatike abscessions: but those also which do outwardly affect the superficiall partes of the body (as Arnaldus affirmeth.Antecedenti [...] materia euacuatio.) But we do perfit the other parte of our former proceeding (that is to saye) to turne away the antecedent matter, least it be mingled with coniuncta materia, by foure kindes of euacuations, that is, by some medicine to purge fleume downward, and sometime by letting of bloud, also by those thinges which can prouoke vrine, and last of all by those remedies which can through their vapour both resolue and digest the humour which is gathered together in the inward partes of the body.Vacuantia pe [...] alnum. Puluis Turbith. To purge the body downward, the powder of Turbith is greatly commended, which is made thus in Auicene, ℞. of Turbith, ginger, and sugar, of eache a like portion, but he taketh therof two drammes, and he affirmeth also, that (besides that it doth resolue grosse fleume) it doth neither heate, nor violently wrest the inward members. But Razes,Razes. who was verie bold in declaring [Page 260] and vsing purging medicines, made this kind of powder, in his ninth Chap. de doleribus ve [...]ris ad Almansorem, of twenty partes of Turbith, of tenne of ginger, and thirty of suger,Hierapicra. and ministreth of it at one time, ʒ.iij. Benedicta also and hierapicra, and pillule de agaric [...], and pillule maiores de hermodactylis do greatly helpe these diseases. To prouoke wrine, Guido out of Ca [...]liacus was wente to vse this potion slollowing,Prouokers of vrine. Po [...] Guido [...] à Ca [...]liaco. which (he sayeth) he gathered out of the writinges of many Physitions, ℞. of Scrofularia, partes iij. of phylipendula part .ij. of pimpernell, mouseare, Tanacetum, of red coleworts (which of some are thought to be Brassica marucina) of rubia maior, ana. part .j. of the roote of Aristolochia, of spathula satida, of the roote of radish, ana. part .ss. put them altogether, and boile them in white wine and hony, vntill halfe be consumed, then streigne them, wherof euery third day in the morning let the sicke take three onces, and let it be dronke hot. But in the applying of all these remedies, (as also for bloud letting, if at any time it be required) the counsell of some learned Physition is to be vsed, who may prescribe both the qualitie, quantitie and vse of them, But to resolue through breathing,Quae per halitum dege [...]a [...]. and to digest the humour, which is gathered together in the deepth of the bodye, and doeth excite inward Glandule, (which also are the causes of outward diseases) Galene lib. 14. Therap. willeth vs to minister Theriaca, Athanasia, Ambrosia, and that medicine also, which is made of cretica calaminthe: the Greekes call it Diacalaminthe: whose composition is to be sought out of the fourth booke de Sanitate tuenda. Many other helpes are appointed for the cure of these abscessions, as potions, electuaries, and oiles, which are cast into the eares. There are also very many remedies called Empirica, consisting in practise described and celebrated of the auncient Physitions, the vse wherof I do not allow, and therefore I thinke it good to pretermit the declaration of them in these our commentaries. Notwithstanding this one thing I steadfastly affirme that the Christian king of Fraunce is indued as it were by inspiration with so wonderfull a gifte,The kings of Fraunce doe cure Strumae by applying the handes. that with the onely laying on of the handes he can restore them which be diseased with Struma or Scrofula, to their perfect health againe. King Edoward also (as Histories doe reporte) was wonte marueilously to cure Strumous persons onely by touching them which gifte immortall, doeth come as it were by inheritaunce to the kinges that succede. For the kinges of England at this day, by laying on of handes, and rehearsing certaine ceremoniall prayers, do heale Struma. And these thinges truely are generally spoken in all the abscessions before mentioned. Now those thinges which follow,VVhat things doe [...]er the particular cure of abscessions fleugmatike. Tempus quid insa [...]e [...]. do concerne the particular and proper methode of curing euery difference: which methode is made not only diuerse, but also it is chaunged, both by the substance of matter, wherof they haue their beginning, and by the quantitie of them, whether they be great or small, and by the nature also of the affected member, and of the whole body. But the continuaunce of time, although it declareth not the cure, yet sometime it sheweth vs and it doeth insinuate the qualitie of the disposition therof, (as Galene hath set downe. lib. 4. de morbis curandis.) Therefore although many indications and intentions of their cure may be gathered and learned by those thinges, which we haue spoken before: yet, for our present purpose, we haue reduced them vnto six pointes, which we also haue expressed 1 in these six canons following. 1. The first wherof is after this maner: imprimis, let those flegmatike abscessions that are softe and small, (which are commonly called Lupiae, & of the interpreter of Auicene, Glandule) if they be feated in the strong partes of the body, and (because they are not yet inueterate) haue their thinne Cystis, that is, their filme to couer 2 them, let them, I say, be appeased, suppressed, consumed, and afterward dryed vp. 2. Mollifie, discusse, and consume the great abscessions which be not greatly hard, nor inueterate, 3 after the maner of oedematous tumours wherof we haue before intreated. 3. Ripen, open, and clense such fleugmatike, corrupted, and vlcerous Apostemes, which doe pertaine vnto 4 suppuration. 4. Those Strume which are not cured by the former remedies, and yet are 5 moueable, gentle, tractable, and obedient, cut them of and draw them out. 5. Those, which are vnmoueable, deeply rooted, inwardly planted, and wound about the veines and arteries, 6 and broad at the roote within, corrosiue them about, and clense them througly, 6. Those, which are fastened but to a thinne and sclender roote, bind them about, & plucke them out. The first canon,Copress [...]o & artritio. according to Auicene his opinion is perfited after this maner, if, when you do consume and suppresse vehemently these soft and litle abscessions, (which Auicene doth [Page 261] call Glandule, and the new Physitions Lupie) you do lay on a plate of lead made fitte for the tumour, and bind it very strongly in the middes, lest it slide from the place. For this doeth digest these kindes of tumours. First therefore let Lupia be softely rubbed with the hand,Lupia curatio. vntil it waxe somewhat hote, and vntill it be after a sorte softer then it selfe. Afterward let the affected member be surely laid hold on with the handes, and let it be so often, and so vehemently stroken with the bottome of a saucer, or with some other solide thing, that it may be disseuered and that the inward Cystis therof (which is the filme wherin it is included) may be rent and broken, and so the matter therin conteined may be dispersed. Which thing being done, apply the plate of lead vpon the place,Lamina plumbea. & let it be bound very strongly with a swathing band that hath two endes, neither let it be remoued for the space of nine or ten dayes, but let the plate be of that greatnesse (as it was said a late) that it may aunswere to the proportion of Lupia. But there are some, which before the application of any plate of lead, do minister this ointment made of burnt lead, of the barke of the elder tree, or of the figge tree,Vnguentum Rogerij. with oile and vineger. Other do first vse an emplaister made of Aloes, acacia, mirrhe, olibanum, scarcocolla putting to them a litle vineger, or the white of an egge, as much as shall seeme sufficient to commixe with the reste. Henricus was wonte to lay vpon them litle flakes (as he & other Chyrurgians of that secte do call them) made of flaxe, dipped in the white liquor of an egge, with salte and alume zuccharinum vnthicked.Ganglij curatio ex Philagrio. Moreouer Philagrius almost after the same maner was wonte to cure Ganglia (as it is in Aetius) which diseases are tumours vnequall (as we said before) speaking after this sorte. We deny (sayeth he) the labour of the Chyrurgian, that is bloud letting, in Ganglia, especially if they chaunce in the handes or in the feete, but we must cure them onely by medicines. For we annoint them by the fire with ammoniak which must be made pliaunt to the thicknesse of an emplaister: afterward we apply a plate of lead equall for the tumour and least it should slide away from the place, we bind it in the middest with straight bandes. But a few dayes after, when we know that Ganglium is mollified, we take away the bandes, and (not saying any thing to the sicke) while the place is yet hote, we fasten the thumbe of our right hand vpon Ganglium, and laying fast hold on the member with our other foure fingers, we violently breake it, and so Ganglium is presently dissolued. Hetherto Philagrius. Therefore by this our order of cure, it may easily be gathered, that Lupia amongest the late Physitions, Auicene his Glandule, Lupia & Gā glion is all on euill. Archigenes lib. 4 and Ganglion among the Greekes, is all one disease, which, the former descriptiōs of them do also manyfestly declare. Archigenes in this disease, commendeth to lay our lime, with the fatte of a goose, and with rosin Terebenthina, which is the right turpentine. The same Archigenes also did oftentimes vse that medicine, which is made of the stone called Lapis achates, as Paulus reporteth. But Oribasius vsed very often this medicine, ℞. of cerusse, resinae piceae. olde oile,Oribasius his medicine to mollifie Ganglia. ana. ℥.j. of ammoniake Thymiama, and Galbanum, ana. alike quantitie, of waxe. ℥.iiij. The same medicine is to be seeme in Aetius, but the quantitie doe varie in certaine thinges, as thus, ℞. of cerusse, olde oile, and resina piceae, ana. lb.j. of waxe. ℥.ij. of ammoniacum Thymiama, and of Galbanum, ana. ℥.j. boile the ceruse with oile, till it looseth his staining facultie, then bray the ammoniake, and cast it into the ceruse with the oile, afterward cast in the resina picea, and the waxe, and last of all the Galbanum, which first must be made very softe and tender. Moreouer that famous Physition of Greece, I meane Oribasius, did not apply any plate of lead, as Philagrius, Auicene, and other late Chyrurgians were accustomed, but he did lay and bind vnto Ganglium, a thicke round peece of leade, like vnto a wherue,Verticillum bl [...]mbe [...]. which do hange vpon womens spindles to make them turne rounde, which was more large and ample for the disease. For truely, sayeth he, with the weight therof, it doeth more speedily dissolue the euil. Therefore in the cure of Ganglia, it is farre better to vse such mollifying and discussing medicines, then the diligence of the Chyrurgian, (which is excision of the tumours) especially when they doe grow in the legges, or in the armes, or in the principall partes of the body. For it is to be feared, that, if they be cut of, the member is made lame and vnperfect. But those diseases which do occupy the head or the forehead, may safely be cured with the hand, that is, may be cut of, or plucked vp by the rootes.Ganglierum per Chyrurgiā curatio. Therefore diuide the outward skinne with a pen-knife, and then, (if the tumours be small) lay hold on the foundation of them with a paire of pinsers, or some such like instrument, & cut them of from the roote. But if they be great, [Page 262] thrust them through with a hooke, and lift them vp, and winde them round about, vntill you haue plucked and drawen them forth; last of all, sow vp the sides, or brimes of them together, and vse those medicines which are appointed for bloudy vlcers. But these things belong vnto the fourth canon.Secundus Canon. The second Canon (because I will be silent in those medicines which are appointed for fleugmatike and oedematous tumours, which we haue described already, and yet, together with these remedies following, they be very profitable and expedient for these Abscessions wherof we now intreate, and also for all kind of Hernia) is finished by the applying of a certaine emplaister,Discussion by digestiues. which is described of Galene libro sexto de compositione medicamentorum [...]: which emplaister (as he himselfe testifieth) doth digest through breathing, and doeth repell Phlegmone, and is affectuall against the diseases called Strume, Taxi, and Parotides: it is auailable also against the goute, and it benefiteth many other diseases.Emplastrum. The emplaister is this, ℞. of olde oile. ʒ.100. spumae argenti, picis sicce. ana. ʒ.50. of Ladanum. ʒ.25. of aerugo rasa. ʒ.8. of Galbanum. ʒ.4. let Argenti spuma, which they call Lithargirum, be brayed, and boiled in the oile, and when they are somewhat thickened together, put in the pitche and the rust or scouringes of brasse, then the Ladanum, and Galbanum. Afterward power them out into a morter and bray them and mollifie them, and reserue them to your vse. Some, to make it haue a good colour, and to looke somewhat browne, do commixe with them also the offall of brasse. ʒ.viij. for otherwise it would be very blacke. This emplaister is found otherwise described in Guido his commentaries, vnder this forme, ℞. of old oile. ℥.xij. of the scouringes of brasse. ʒ.xiiij. of dry pitche. ℥.vj. of Ladanum. ℥.iij. of Lithargirum. ʒ.xij. of Galbanum. ℥.iij.Diathyl [...]n For the same purpose Diachylon also, which is called Com [...] & treatum, doeth profit much, wherof you must take one pound, and commixe therwith of the powder of the roote of ireos. ℥.j. The same effect likewise hath that Diachylon, called magnum Mesnes, whose description shall afterward ensue. Some do counsell vs, for the digestion of these Abscessions,Siertus [...]apri [...]um ve [...]u [...]. to apply vnto the aggreiued place, the olde dounge of a goate with hony and vineger, which must be het ouer the fire vntill they be well incorporate together & then brought to the forme of an emplaister, also an emplaister made of fenugreeke, of the seed of flaxe, & of coleworts, with the scrapinges of the roote of Althaea, which medicine, (if there be any hope of suppuration) doeth ripen it notably.Haly Abbas emp [...]astrum. Haly Abbas also for the same purpose doeth greatly commend this emplaister following, ℞. of beane meale, and of barely meale, ana. ʒ.x. of the roote of liquorace, of the roote of Althaea, and of pitche, ana. ʒ.v. of white waxe, gooses suet, ana. ʒ.x. Bray them, and mingle them together with old oile, and with the vrine of a child, that hath not yet tried venus sportes, and ouer a softe fire make an emplaister.Emplastrum Auicennae. Another out of Auicene, which Guido vsed, ℞. of oxes dounge. ℥.ij. of the roote of coleworts, of the roote of capers, of the fish called a shrimpe, of fat figges, ana. ℥.ss. of hoppes, and bdellium, ana. ʒ.ij. of vineger, hony, sowes tallowe, of the dregges of olde oile, of eche as much as is sufficient,Brunni & Theodorici emplastrum ad strumas. wherof make an emplaister. Brunnus approueth this remedie following, whose opinion Theodoricus also doeth confirme, ℞. of ammoniake, bdellium, Galbanum, of eche a like quantitie. Steipe them three dayes in vineger, wherto (when they be dissolued) you may adde of small branne, as much as shall suffice, and make an emplaister. Rogerius was wont to vse this remedie for Strume (which they cōmonly call Scrofule) ℞. of the roote of brakes,Rogeri emplastrum. of daffadill, or of walworte (if you please) of eche, as much as you thinke good, let them be boiled in the best wine, and then brayed in a mortar, and adde to them a litle quicke brimstone,Emplastrum praeceptoris G [...]d [...]nis ex L [...]cibus. and make an emplaister. Guido his maister in monte Pessulano, hath often tried this emplaister to be most effectuall, which, is made of xij. snailes (which they also call Limaces) boiled in wine, or in lye made of ashes commonly called clauelata. But (that which is more profitable) he did minister euery day to the sicke to be eaten, one snaile either dry, or otherwise prepared, and as they terme it, made ready to chew. Paulus also was wont notably to discusse Strume with vnslaked lime, steiped in hony, or in the filthinesse of mens bodies that do arise either in exercising thēselues or in bathes, or else in oile, or sowes greace. The like vertue, sayeth Aetius, hath the filthinesse of exercising places, scraped from the walls, which must be well beaten together, & spred vpon a linnen cloth, and applied after the maner of an emplaister. For the same purpose, this helpeth effectually, ℞. of lime, and nitrum. ana. a like portion, of Cardamomum, & fenugreke, foure times as much with hony, & apply it after [Page 263] the maner of a mollifying plaister. Also the meale of bitter hoppes boiled, and annointed with oxymel doth discusse Strumae. For the same purpose also oxes dounge boiled in vineger, & annointed, doth notably auaile, which being applied after the maner of a cataplasme, doth marueilously dissolue all hard and scirrhous tumours. Rathe ripe figges also, especially of the wild figge tree, applied with hogges greace, do discusse all kindes of tumours. Therefore by this our methode in curing, you shall heale all kindes of Strumae, which are but newly begon, and not yet inueterate, aswell in children, as in them which cannot abide manuell practice, euen by the applying of such medicines as can dissolue, digest, and discusse, But first you must labour to mollifie, and afterward to discusse, or else vse some medicine of a double qualitie, which can worke both these effectes together, of which kind are all those remedies almost, which are before described. Now if digestiue medicines shall nothing preuaile in these Abscessions, they must be either brought vnto suppuration, or consumed, or else cured by Chyrurgie, (as it shalbe said herafter.) But here we must not omit that thing,The vsing of vipers & serpentes doeth marueilously helpe them which are strumous. which is recorded of some very diligently, (namely) that they which are diseased with Strumae, and with any leprosie, are marueilously holpen by the vsing of vipers and serpentes, and by the drinking of the gumme called Laser, euery day fasting, to the quantitie of a ciche pease. There fore cast the dead serpent into a potte, and stoppe the mouth therof very iuste with some plaister, and set it in the fire, then take the ashes of the burned serpent, & mingle them with the like quantitie of fenugreeke, and vse them in wine. For this doeth excellently helpe them which be strumous. Also in them that labour with Struma, you must prouide that the belly be made soluble, and a sclender diet obserued: you must daily prouoke vomiting, and endeuour to purge fleume vpward, you must also dry the head, and apply cataplasmes to the fore parte therof, which can raise litle pushes in the skinne, as is the roote of capers with polenta, and other such like thinges. And you must also vse purging medicines, and fine powders, that be of the like vertue. We also do generally dipatche the declaration of the third rule, by the 3 vse of the former remedies. For all mollifying and resoluing medicines,Terta Canoris declaratio. if they finde any place or matter disobedient vnto resolution, they doubtlesse doe ripen the same matter, and bring it to suppuration: especially if the said matter be gentle and tractable, or commixed with bloud. But Haly Abbas,Suppurantia, ce [...] mararantia. that he mought bring these kindes of abscessions vnto maturitie, ministred a plaister, made of barly meale, pitche, and olibanum, and of the vrine of a young child, all well incorporate together. But Auicene, to represse the vehemencie of the heate, willeth to commixe the decoction of coriander with the aforesaid vrine. But if these thinges do nothing helpe, and there be required a more effectuall remedie: take of mirrhe, pars .j. of licium, part .ij. and mingle them with the aforesaid decoction. This medicine vnder written doeth bring Strumae vnto suppuration,Pauli medicamentum ad strumas suppurandas. Detergentia. which medicine is recorded of Paulus Aegineta Lib. 4. ℞. of mirrhe. ʒ.x. of ammoniacum Thymiama. ʒ.vij. of viscus quercinum. ʒ.viij. of Galbanum. ʒ.iiij. of propolis. ʒ.j. beate them in a mortar. But when these abscessions be ripe, and brought vnto suppuration (which you shall easily perceiue by the tokens of the matter) they must be opened and clensed within, which you shall do very well, if you do clense them after their apertion with that ointment cōmonly called vnguentum Apostolorum, Vnguentum Apostolerum. which is an ointment of great efficacie in malignant and vlcerated Strumae. To this purpose also the ointment called vnguentum Aegyptiacum is very profitable,Vnguentum Aegyptiacum. Diachylon. Diapalma. and the Emplastrum de succis (which they call Diachylon) and Diapalma, (which the Greekes call [...]) whose descriptions are to be found in other places. But if these Abscessions shall possesse any member, wherin there subsisteth any putrefaction, and corruption of the bones, or any euill symptomate shall haue accesse to them: they must be cured after the maner of vlcers, with the which they haue some affinitie and acquaintaunce. Concerning our fouth Canon, you shall cure, gentle, obedient, superficiall, and curable Strumae, very cunningly and shortly after this sorte. First,4 The waye to cure and destroy Strum [...], one of Albucasis and Leonidas. commaund the sicke to lye down: for that, when he sitteth, his heart will quickly faile him. when he is thus laid, binde his legges surely together, and tye them to the beadstead, and charge the seruauntes about him to holde his head very hard. Then cut the skinne that compasseth the tumour either with a right or a litle ouerthwart section, but that incision, which is drawen ouertwhart in the neck, is altogether vnprofitable, because in it the vessells and sinewes are extended right foorth. But you shall not cut the whole thicknesse of the skinne [Page 264] hastely at one time without ceasing: for out minde is to vse no violēt thing in this our work. And truely in little tumours, that is, in small strumae, make but a simple incision, or diuide them with a small line; but in great abscessions cut the skinne to the forme of a myrtle leafe: then those vesselles which are vncouered (as the veynes and arteries) put them softely and easily aside. After these thinges, distend and stretch out the sides of the section, or the edges of the diuided skinne, with pinsers, or with other such instruments, and plucke out the filmes within, either with your fingers, or with some other instrument appointed for that purpose, and so by little and little picke out struma, where it appeareth bare and vnfolded from the tunicles. But if struma shalbe wound about the vessells, you must handle the cure with great attention, least through negligence, there followeth a copious profusion of bloud. Therefore in dispatching this cure, drawe one onely side of the section at once with the pynsers, and so by little and little seperate it with the poynt of a penknyfe from the other partes therunto adioyned, and when you haue drawen and loosed the connexion on the one side, doe the like also on the other side, and then cut out the whole foundation or ground worke because of the sinowes and vesselles lying vnderneath. But in those strumae, which do chaunce about the armeholes, and about the pryuie members, you must make an ouerthwart incision by reason of the doubling of the skinne. Moreouer in that section, which is made in strumae that possesse the necke, you must haue a singular care, least either the arteries, which they call carotides, or the quiuering sinowes be touched and hurte. But if by the cutting of any vessell when you make incision, the profusion of bloude doth delaie and hinder your worke, either take vp the vessell with a small corde, or (if it be not verie great) cutte it quite of (as Paulus counselleth) or else, (if it bursteth not out with great violence) applie such remedies, as are appoynted to stench the bloud. Afterward returne againe vnto your enterprysed labour. Therefore, when the foundation of struma is brought into a narrowe roome, cutte it cleane of, cunninglie and handesomlie, and then put in the forefinger, and searche the place diligentlie, wheather there be any other strumae thereunto adioyned or not, which, (if there be anie founde) you must also drawe forth after that manner, which we haue before expressed. Moreouer you shall easily represse a meane fluze of bloud by applying those thinges which haue power to drie vppe, as flaxe, sponges, or lynamentes made of cotten, infused in colde water, or in vineger, or in a mixture of both, (which they call oxycraton) and afterwarde wronge out. But if the section shall continue without bloudeshead, fill it vp with the powder of franckensence, and applie linymentes, and for the longer preseruation of the lynimentes,VVhat is to be done, of a veyne be annexed v [...]to struma. bynde to woll dipped in winne. But if anie full veyne worthie the speaking of, be connexed within the roote or bottom of Glandula, or struma, or some such like tumour, it is not conuenient to cut it of at the verie ground, but to take it vp and binde it with a small corde, that it may fall out of it owne accorde: peece by peece without any daunger. In which fall the cure must be followed with lynimentes, But the corde must be of some matter, which will not easily putrifie, as are those threedes which are called serica, Cordes made of silke. or small lute stringes: for those bandes which doe quickely rotte, doe sone fall from those members whereunto they are tyed. But if when the worke is finished, some of the skinne that couereth the matter of the former abscessions, or some other strang thing shall remaine behind,Albucasis. Albucasis willeth it to be drawen out, first by filling the wounde with cotten, or with some other like thing, dipped in salte water. But Guido, to drawe out those relickes which remayned behinde did fill vppe the gaping vlcer, first with the white of an egge, and with Alume sprinckled ouer it, afterwarde with vnguentum Aegyptiacum, or with some of those corrosiuing medicines which are descrybed in the Antidotarie. Moreouer in all these operations, you must applie such medicines as can lenifie payne, but among all other thinges we doe commonly lay on flaxe dipped in the whyte of an egge, and in oyle of roses. You shall finish the scope of our fifth rule after this sorte: breake the skinne with some burning hote medycine according to the greatnesse of the Abscession,C [...]r [...]sio & [...]dificatio. but while you attempt that thing, you must giue diligent heede, least the scalding medycine doe touche the other partes lying about the tumours. You shall notablie dispatche this labour,Casticum ex calce & sap [...] ne. by applying some hote medycine made of lyme, of sope, which thinges doe happelie execute their effectes with in the space of twelue houres, [Page 265] but though they remaine somewhat longer, yet there will ensue no daunger or discommoditie thereby. The skinne therefore being thus broken by some burning medicine, & crust procured in the place, you shall deuide the tumour with a straight line all a long through the middest of the crust (but you must make incision somewhat deepely, almost to the verie quicke) and then lay vpon the cut, or gaping wounde, a lyniment striked with some consuming or eating medicine, as is, the powder of Asphodelus. Moreouer although manie do apply a great number of medicines in these abscessions:Arsenicum. yet Arsenicke in this case obtayneth the preheminence, so that a man knowe howe to vse it aright. But the certaine quantitie of vsing the same can not be described (as Galene hath noted. lib. 3. Therapeut.) It is not therefore to be vsed rashly, because it is a medicine vehement and violent without measure, exciting feuers, and procuring manie other vitious symptomates. Besides that also the ministring of a small quantitie doth perfourme a maruelous and almost an incredible effect,Quantit [...]s arsen [...]. notwithstanding the common measure or quantitie thereof is the medietie of one graine of wheate, in a strong bodie, and in those members which are farre of from the principall partes: but in weake natures, and in those places which are situated neare vnto the principall members, a lesse quantitie must be applied. But to be short, it is better, and more safe to minister a little at once, and often, then at one time to applie an immoderate quantitie. The operation or effect of Arsenicke remaineth three whole dayes, in all which time the sicke must vse the diet of them that are feuerous. But the affected member, and the partes lying about the same, both for the owne defence, and to stoppe the fluxe, (which immoderate heate may cause) ought to be annointed and all to washed with the ointment called populeon, with water also, or with the iuyce of nightshade and with vineger, and with other refrigerating remedies of the like kinde. But when you are certainelie assured, that Glandula is destroyed and wasted away (which you shall know by the hardnesse and swelling of the procured crust) then the crust must be resolued euen from the quicke, by washing it with butter, and by applying a little wheate meale thicked together,Quādo [...] or by some other fat and vnctuous thing that is not salted, as swines greace and such like. But when the crust is fallen from the tumour, if anie thing either of glandula, lupia, or struma doe yet remaine behinde, it must be fetched out with some gnawing medicine, as with the powder of Asphodelus, with vnguentum Aegyptiacum, or with some such like thing. But if there remayneth nothing behinde it must be brought vnto a scarre after the manner of other vlcers. But nowe, that wee may also accomplishe the intention of our sixt canon:6 these abscessions which haue verie narrowe bases or foundacions, must be fast bound either with a corde of silke, or with horse hayre,L [...]ga [...]t [...]r [...]e & [...]. and they must be bound daylie more and more, either with the former bandes, or with other newe cordes, vntill they appeare verie drie, and voluntarilie doe fall awaye of their owne accorde, (as wee haue sayed of those Abscessions, which are deepelie planted, and foulded, about the great vesselles.) But the bande must be ayded with some consuming and drying medicine. The paine also must be asswaged with the white of an egge, with oyle of roses, with vnguentum populeon, or with some other remedie that can mitigate payne. But when the cordes shall fall of alone of their owne accorde, the tumour must be cured after that manner, which wee haue before expressed. And thus much generally concerning those Abscessions which vniuersallie consist aboue nature, especiallie of them that haue their originall of fleume. Nowe wee haue here thought it conuenient, to set downe the proper and peculiar methode of Curinge Melicerides, Steatomata, and Atheromata, which diseases are alwayes and often incident to mennes bodies, and doe comprehend vnder them other certaine kindes and differences of tumoures besides nature, called of the late Phisitions after certaine newe titles and names, which among the auncient sort were neuer hearde of, as Talpa, Testudo, Nacta, and others of that kinde, which wee haue expressed in our former Chapters. In those three kindes of Abscessions,Curatio Atherom [...]ti [...], steatomatis & meliceridis. which do most frequent mennes bodies, (I meane in Steatomata, Atheroma, and Meliceris) there is one generall order of their Cure, namely, that that matter, which is contayned in that tunicle, which they call Cystis, may be discussed, or that the whole tumoure together with the verie tunicle, may be consumed by medicines, or taken away by section. But some of those Tumours [Page 266] require a three fold method of Curing,Ho [...] manie wayes these abscession may be cured. as these, which containe a more liquide humour as is meliceris. Some againe are cured two wayes, as Atheroma, which is destroyed by section, and consumed by medicines. But Steatoma can neither be discussed, nor consumed: but it is cured by the onely labour of the hand (that is) by section onely. Moreouer of medicines, which in these affectes haue power to discusse and dispearse, you shall find plentie among those remedies,Lib. 4. Curatio per digerentis. which we before haue set downe for the cure of strumae. But Paulus doth perticulerly and properly discusse melicerides with that medicine, which conteineth, of pressed grapes (the kernels being taken out,) xx. of the scourings of brasse. ℥.iiij. which medicine must not be applied before the member be nourished with foments. Another emplaister appointed for melicerides, Lib. 15. which Aetius reported vnto Leonidas. ℞. of pressed grapes, (the kernels being detracted. lb.j. of comin seede beaten verie small. ℥.vj. of nitrum. ℥.iij. bray all togither in a morter, and bind them to the tumour. Another discussiue medicine expressed of the same writer, verie profitable against melicerides. ℞. salis ammoniaci, of the scourings of siluer, and of Ceruse. ana. lb.j. of wax, Terchinthina, chalbana, opoponax. ana. ℥.j. of rubrica sinopica. ℥.vj. of vinegre. ℥.vij.ss. boile the scourings of siluer, ceruse, and salt beaten very small, altogether, then cast in the rubrica sinopica, which first must be steeped in vinegre, and melt them togither, last of all, when they be all boyled togither and cold, commix therewith op [...]ponax and chalbana, both dissolued in vinegre, and conserue them to your vse. But if in such kinde of Abscessions you mind to wast the humour by applying of gnawing medicines (which the Grecians call Septica) it is expedient first to vncouer them (as also in struma) by hote burning medicines applied to the skinne,Curatio per [...] 4 whereof (saith Paulus) the best remedie is that, which consisteth of quick lime (that is) which is not yet quenched with water of sope, and of the ashes of lye that are made in a stillatorie. There is another more diuerse remedie, which may be kept a long time. ℞. of vnslaked lime. ʒ.iiij. of sphecle, (that is) of the burnt dregges of wine, of liquide nitrum parched in the fire. ana. ʒ.ij. of minium or rubrica sinopicae. ℈.j. Let them be brayed with the distilled ashes of lye, and when you haue brought them to the thicknesse of liquide honie, heate them thrise ouer the fire, that it may be of a meane substance, and lay on pixis plunubra, with the distilled lye aboue, left it dry vp to soone. Therefore first breake the skinne that is beset with such medicines, as can procure a crust: but when the crust is falne of, apply consuming remedies, among which this remedie following doth notably wast without gnawing and biting. ℞. of the offall of brasse. ʒ.iiij of Sandaracha (that is) of red arsenicke,A medicine to wa [...] without biting. and of Helleborus niger. ana. ʒ.ij. apply them with oyle of roses. Another remedie verie effectuall for the same purpose. ℞. of a burnt hedghog, of Testasepia, and of orpine or arsenicke. ana. an equall portion. Commix them with oyle of roses. But the partes which lye about the tumour, and are adiacent therunto, let them be first annointed with ceruse and oile.Curatio per Chirurgiam. But if we purpose to cure these kinds of Abscessions by making incision (that is) by Chirurgerie: truly in that method of curing (whether it be a mealie humour, or a hony, or a fat humour, or of what substance soeuer it be, which is contained in them) we must obserue one only and perpetuall intention, (namely, to take away the tunicle wherein the humour is included.) But in enterprising the same, we must be verie attentiue & warie (as wee haue saide before of strumae) that we rashly hurt not and teare in peeces the filme or tunicle, whereupon the humour, which was contained therein, gushing out plentifullie, doeth both hinder our operation, and some portion thereof also remaineth still behinde. For if (when the tunicle is deuided, and the humour issued) the tumour shall sinke downe, the tunicle will hardlie be plucked away and cured. But if anie remnaunt of the humour be lefte behinde in the Abscession, it is to be feared, that the disease will growe againe (as doeth struma) when as anie portion thereof sticketh behinde. But if anie such thing doeth happen, it is not expedient to sowe together the Abscession, but to drawe out the relictes thereof either with those consuming medicines, which we haue before expressed, or by some such like remedies. Nowe if steatoma hath a verie broade toppe, and a verie narrowe and sclender foundation, then (setting aside all other superfluous remedies) you must cut it vp quite euen by the verie roote,Aetius lib 15. for so the labour of the Chyrurgian shall quicklie be ended, the vlcer made plaine and equall with the other partes, and the Cure shortlie dispatched.

[Page 267]

CAP. XXV. Of harde and Scirrhous tumoures, ingendred of melancholie.

WE haue hitherto discoursed of those tumoures which are caused of bloud, choler and fleume: of Ʋerrucae also, and of those abscessions, which are excited through a waterish humour and a flatuous vapour: of those Apostemes also which haue their beginning of a phlegmaticke substaunce, and of other tumoures generallie consisting aboue nature. Nowe it remayneth that wee intreate of those Abscessions, which doe proceede of a melancholike humour, as are scirrhous, indurated and cancerous tumoures, which they call Cancerosi apostemosi. To Scirrhus therefore (as also to phlegmone, Erysipelas, and Oedema) there is assigned of the late Chirurgians a double difference, which notwithstanding is comprehended vnder the same title, vidz. Scirrhus verus, & Scirrhus non verus. Scirrhus duplex. But a true and lawfull Scirrhus is saide to proceede of naturall melancholie. Also naturall melancholie is the dregges of good bloud, and as it were a certaine slimie superfluitie, and verie grosse bloud, whose colour is blacke,Melancholia naturales. but the tast thereof sharpe and soure (as it is not vnknowen to them that doe vomite the same) it is lodged in a certaine bloudie corner, wherein all the humoures are contayned, and appointed of nature to nourish the melancholike members.Scirrhus illeg [...]mu [...]. Melanchola non natura [...]is. But an vnlawfull Scirrhus after the opinion of the late Chirurgians, is that which is ingendred of vnnaturall melancholie. And vnnaturall melancholie is that, which differeth from the former description of the naturall humour, and yet it keepeth within the precinctes of his libertie, which if it shall once pretergresse (they say) it is no longer to be called melancholie, but some other humour. But melancholie (to enter into the generall definition thereof) is a colde and drie humour, proceeding (as Guido sayeth) of a verie grosse portion of that which wee call Chylus.Differentiae 4. non natural [...] me [...]ncho [...]ae. But of vnnaturall melancholie there are commonly appointed foure differences. The first is, when as that melancholike humour, which is called naturall, and doeth daylie ingender in the bodie, euen when a man is in perfect health, is in his owne proper essence, burned, putrified and become exquisite melancholie.B [...]is a [...]ra exquisite. For that (as Galene sayeth) is ingendred of a blacke humour, that is vehemently burnt, and it glistereth like vnto lime and pitch. But this is soure, and being powred on the grounde, it is hoate like vinegre, and it riseth vp like leauen. It is also verie vnpleasaunt vnto all creatures liuing, so that neither mice nor flies will tast thereof. It sheweth likewise, like vnto aboundaunce of salt, wherein no liuing thing can vpholde his life, as the sea which is sayed to be dead. Furthermore this blacke kinde of choller is then ingendred, when as that slimie bloud,Gal. co [...]. 21. (which we haue said to be naturall melancholie) doeth continue long in the bodie, and is purged out neither by anie sensible nor secret effluxion: but is transformed, corrupted, and rotten. For truely this humour (sayth Galene) when it waxeth vehementlie hoate, either because of the corruption thereof, or because of a burning feuer, it causeth melancholie:Lib. 4. Apho. Lib. 14. Therapeutices. which truely is cold because it resembleth the nature of the earth, but yet it is not voide of heate, as is ashes and vinegre, and when it is purged downewarde (as it happeneth sometime to them which are diseased with Dysenteria) it appeareth more glistering and more blacke then that thicke and blacke bloud, which we doe call a melancholious humour. 2. The second species or difference of vnnaturall melancholie is that,Melancholy cōmeth by the adustion of other humours. which commeth through 2 the adustion of other humoures, as that which proceedeth of choler vehementlie burnt, which is of so great malice and rancour, that it raseth the earth, and lifteth it vp on high, after the manner of exquisite melancholie. But the flyes also doe abhorre it, as in a trewe melancholie. If bloud also or fleume shall be vehementlie heated in the bodie, and burnt, there is also caused a melancholike humour, which Auicene because of the adustion tearmed to be vnnaturall. But these two last kindes, which doe come of the adustion of bloud and fleume, Auicene hath thought to be verie milde and gentle, yet Galene writeth, that that kind of melancholie, which is ingendred of burnt choler, is a great deale more daungerous then that which hath his generation of grosse bloud,Com. 29. lib. 3 praed [...]ct. Hyp. which is like vnto the [Page 268] dreggs of wine in the bottome of a vessell, or in proportion resembling the dregges of oile, for this is more gentle & milde, yea and especially when as it tarieth not long within the bodie with any aboundaunt heate exceeding nature. But before it be chaunged into exact melancholie, it passeth first into a yellowish forme, secondly into a leekye substaunce, and 3 thirdly into a rustie colour. 3. The third species of vnnaturall melancholie is that, which boroweth his originall of a certaine stonie concretion, [...] as when through the ignorance of vnskilfull Phisitions or Chirurgians, Erysipelas, and those inflammations (which the Grecians call phlegmone) or anie other tumours proceeding of naturall humours, are too vehemently cooled and bound by the applying of extraordinarie remedies: or else when those medicins which do mightely drawe & digest, are ministred to the same tumours. For then (the whole substance which was verie small in them, being dispearsed) the grosse matter which remaineth, being exceedingly dried, will resemble the hardnesse of a stone, & be conuerted into a 4 melancholious humour. 4. The fourth difference of vnnaturall melancholy ariseth, when as some other humour is mixed with naturall melancholy,Melancholy through [...] humours [...] which thing, while it happeneth, it is made sweete, & doth wax mild, vntill such time as one burnt choler or other be commixed therewith, for then it waxeth sharp, and bitter, & is made pertaker of immoderate gnawing. We may gather therefore by our former words, that the foure differences of tumours aboue nature do proceede of melancholy: for first of naturall melancholy (which we haue said to breede dayly in found bodies) there is caused a true and lawfull scirrhus, called among the Arabians seph [...]ros, but of the Greekes [...] & [...] (that is) scirrhus or scirrhus non exactus, seu non exquisitus, which kind of tumour truly is very hard, & void of paine, but yet not altogither insensible: Auicene calleth it impurus. Yet Galene lib. 14. meth. med. pardoning them which do contend about the names of tumours, calleth it a tumour conflated of a melancholious humour, and then properly scirrhus, whenas notwithstanding it is expert of any feeling or sense, but if it be not yet made altogither insensible, it is rather to be called a scirrhous tumour,Scirrhus phlegmon [...]de [...], oedema [...]de [...]. Erysipela [...]des then scirrhus it selfe. Secondly of vnnaturall melancholie through the admixtion of other humoures there doe growe three other differences of tumoures (that is to say) Scirrhus phlegmonodes, oedema [...]ode, and Erysipelatôdes, which diseases are here rehearsed for one onely difference. Thirdlie of vnnaturall melancholie caused through a certaine stonie hardnesse,Scirrhus exquisit [...]. and concretion, there is engendred an exquisite Scirrhus, harde, and voide ofe sence and paine, it is called of Auicene purus, which euill admitteth no cure. Fourthly, of vnnaturall melancholie thorough deustion, are all the kindes of Cankers ingendred,Scirrhus can [...]rosus. Scirrhus prop [...] quod. Cause [...] 3. scirrhi [...]g [...]m [...]. as well vlcerate, as not vlcerate: of the which kinde is Scirrhus canerosus. Scirrhus therefore properly is a Tumour verie harde and without paine, but yet not altogether without feeling, proceeding of a naturall melancholie, and vncorrupt humour, which definition the late Chirurgians haue assigned thereunto. The causes of Scirrhus, as of other tumours besides nature are three. First Primitiue, as is an euill diet, ingendring and gathering grosse and melancholike bloud. Seconde Antecedent, as a melancholike humour collected in the bodie, which is drawen from the spleene (whose duetie it is to purge the liuer from that grosse and muddie bloud) and yet is not expelled without the bodie (as it ought to be.) Thirde, Coniuncta causa, is the melancholike humour it selfe,Signae. compacted in the affected member. The signes of Scirrhus his presence (as Guido reporteth) are these, a hard tumour, & mightely resisting, a middle colour betwene a red and a blacke, which is a browne colour. This Scirrhus when it happeneth in the parts of the bodie,14. meth. med. manie of the Phisitions (as Galen saith) do call it pelidnon, that is to say, black and blewe. Morouer if thaffected member hath any manifest veines appearing in it, you shall see them puffed vp and swolne by the meanes of thicke and blacke bloud, such as is sometime purged downward in them which labour with the disease of the liuer, but then it is called scirrhus impurus & cancrosus. Guido n [...]tas Cancri tribuit scirrho. For these signes which Guido doeth here ascribe vnto scirrhus, do properly agree with the signes of Cancer (as Galene writeth decimo quarto methodi medendi.) And truely they may verie fitlie be attributed vnto Scirrhus, if this one thing be excepted, namely, that Scirrhus hath not such swelling and full veynes, as Cancer hath, except Scirrhus (as wee haue sayed before) chaunce to be cancrosus, for Scirrhus doth oftentimes degenerate into Cancer, & that not without great cause, seeing they both [Page 269] proceede of one matter (that is) of a melancholike humour. The proper signes therefore of a lawfull scirrhus are these, a harde and stonie tumour, verie obstinate and resisting touching, wherein there is present a verie dull sense. There doe also appeare manie other signes which doe testifie the dominion of a melancholie humour in the bodie.Iudicia scirrhi Such tumoures as are truelie scirrhi, in their beginning and first conception are wont to appeare verie small, but in processe of time, they increase by little and little, and become great and mightie, whereof some doe annoy one onelie member, but some doe leaue that member, which they did first infest, and afterwarde doe passe ouer to the possession of another, which thing when it happeneth, then Auicene calleth the euill ferinos. Furthermore,Ferinos. these kindes of melancholious tumoures, if they be rightly handled, they are commonly cured by resolution, oftentimes they continue indurated and hard, and many times (which is worst of all) they degenerate and chaunge into Cancer.

But nowe wee will prosequute the absolute cure of these kindes of harde tumoures aboue nature, which are called true Scirrhi, and not exquisiti, by three speciall intentions.The cure of a true & lawful scirrhus, yet not exquisite, & growen into a stony hardnesse, altogither insensible Three Intentions. V [...]ctus ratio. Euchyma. Panis. Potus. O [...]a. Carnes. Olera. The first prescribeth a conuenient order of diet. The seconde admonisheth to take awaye the antecedent matter, which is readie to procure the disease. The thirde warneth vs to enterprise the vacuation of that coniunct matter (as they call it) which nowe causeth the euill. Therefore (to speake generallie) you must appoint to them which are diseased with scirrhus a sober and a moderate diet, and such a one as declineth vnto heate, and moysture in those thinges (which they call res non naturales) as before. Giue him therefore meates of good iuyce, and which can ingender good bloud. Let his bread be made of wheate, well knodden and baked in an ouen with a soft fire, and let it haue some leauen, and salt, as much as shall suffise. Let his drink be thinne, and odoriferous wine, eschewing that which is thick and black. Giue him rere egges, the flesh of chickens, capons, hens and the brothes of them. Let him also eate the flesh of partriches, pheasaunts, quailes, yong kiddes, sucking calues, & of weather of a yeare old. For potherbes, let him vse that which the Arabians call Aspa [...]ar, but we somewhat altering the name, do call it spinach, also lettuse, hoppes, borrage, buglosse, and other herbes of that nature, which can purge foorth bloud, and make it more pure. To conclude, let him flie and auoide all those thinges, which naturallie doe ingender melancholike bloud, which things Galene libro tertio de affectis capite sexto, hath described vnto vs, as are, the flesh of goates, and of oxen, and of bulles,Carner. Limacet. but especially the flesh of Asses and of cammelles, of foxes and of dogges, of hares also and of bores. Furthermore snayles, (if they be accustomed to be eatē) & the flesh of all terrestriall creatures seasoned with salt. The flesh also of fishes, as of the Tunie, of the fish called Balaena, the sea calfe, the Dolphin, the dogge-fish, and of all kinde of whales. But of potherbes,Pisces. [...] is made of vineger and salt. Coolewortes is wont onelie to ingender this kinde of bloud. The buddes also of trees, when they are seasoned either with brine, or with oxalme, especiallie of the tree called a mastixe tree, of the Terebinth, of the brier, and of the wilde eglantine brier which the Greekes call Cynosbatos.) But of all kinde of pulse lintles chieflie are accounted amongest the number of melancholike meates. Bread also made of branne,Legu [...]inum panis. Typhae. Vinum. and that which is made of Rye and of other corrupt and naughtie seedes, which other Countries doe vse in steede of corne. Moreouer, thicke and blacke wines are verie fitte to engender a melancholious humour: especiallie if one drinking them aboundauntly, doeth by occasion keepe his bodie in great heate. Finallie olde cheese, when as by chaunce it shall be exceedinglie hoate in the bodie,Caseus. doeth easilie breede this kinde of humour. These thinges haue we hitherto recited out of Galene. Furthermore you must diligentlie beware of meates that are burnt, rosted,Sanguinem adurentiae. and fried, which doe vehemently drie vp, of salt meates also, and of those which are sharpe and soure (as onions, garlicke, pepper, mustarde, and of other thinges of that kinde, which do burne the bloud. You must also eschewe, anger, wrath, sadnesse, watchings,Animi [...]. Exercitatio. heauinesse, carefulnesse, and immoderate exercises. Quietnesse and tranquillitie of minde, with mirth and gladnesse is greatly to be desired: and you must diligently endeuour, euerie day to emptie the belly. Hitherto concerning the first scope. 2. Now that we may accomplish that,2 which our second intention doth propound:Vacuatio materia antecedemi [...]. let vs somewhat consider the precept of Auicene, who willeth vs to euacuate the whole body both by bloudletting, if too black & grosse [Page 270] bloud shall appeare, and also by some purging medicine, which can expell melancholie as are these which followe, out of Mesua, Epithyntum, Sene, polypodye, fumus terra (which of the Grecians is called Capuos or Capuios, of the Latines fumaria) lupulus, and the herbe called volubilis. Also Casia fistula, myrobalani Indi, lapis lazuli, which the Greekes call Cyaneus, the Romanes Caeraleus, Diasene, diacatholicon, hiera Ruphi, all which things do purge foorth melancholike humours. But these thinges, which pertaine vnto Phisicke do exceede the boundes of Chirurgians. Omitting therefore the professours of the art of Phisicke, we will hasten vnto the third scope, which we shall verie speedily dispatch, if we labour to emptie 3 out all that matter, which vnnaturallie is compacted in the aggrieued member. Which, truly is the generall and principall indication of all tumoures which consist aboue nature:Vacuatio matr [...]ae [...]. in which that leekie matter (as wee haue sayed before) is not yet ingendred. But this is the onelie and proper waye to euacuate them, about the which the Chirurgian ought to be verie circumspect and attentiue. For truelie the matter of such kinde of tumours, is naturallie so malignaunt and stubborne, that it will turne into a stonie hardnesse if it be rashly resolued.Materia [...]. Againe, if it be mollified more then is requisite, it is greatly to be feared, that it will putrifie and corrupt, and that Schirrus will degenerate into Cancer. We must therefore in this case followe the counsell of Galene and Paulus (who wrote of this thing long before Auicene.) Namely, that in such schirrous affectes, wee must not apply anie vehement, hoate, and drying medicine, neither any thing else, which hath the power onelie to mollifie and moysten. For that tumour, which hath a superfluous humour, it doth nothing at all dissolue: but that which hath a small fluxe, it doeth more drie vp then neede requireth. Hereupon Auicene did well admonish vs, to apply to these indurated tumoures by turnes, sometime mollifying,Medicines [...] scirrhus. and sometime digesting remedies. But because that order was very tedious, and hard to be done, it pleased Galene to vse for the cure of these euilles, such medicines as h [...]d a mixed and a double facultie, which deuise was more safe and lesse daungerous. For by this meanes we shall both mollifie and digest the indurate and harde substaunce all at one time: yet in the beginning we must commix something with them which can moderately represse. For this purpose, Auicene hath set downe manie kindes of remedies, which, because they are rather appointed for those Schirri, which proceede of phlegmone and Erysipelas when they be exceedingly cooled (as wee will declare in the Chapter following) wee will omit them, [...] medica [...] ad [...] & di [...]. making choise of that medicine which Razis libro septimo ad Almansorem hath described: vsing notwithstanding at the beginning some equall repression of the flowing of humours (by applying some moderate repelling remedy.) The forme of the medicine is this. ℞. of Bdellium, Ammoniacum, and Galbanum. Of eche a like quantitie. Beate them in a morter with oyle de ben, which the Greekes call balanum myrepfice, the Latines, Glaus vnguentaria,) or with oyle of lillies. Then take of the filth of fenugreeke, of lineseede, and of figges: the weyght of all the former thinges. Bray them altogether, till they be thoroughly incorporate the one with the other. Galene for this cure both greatly commendeth the barke of the roote of Althea, Ga [...]eni catap [...]asma. T [...]rap. 14 (which the common sort, saith he, doeth call Anadendromalache, as though one woulde say, arborescent malua) melted with the fat of a goose or of a cocke, and then beaten togither, and brought into the forme of a cataplasme. But if the tumour doth belong vnto suppuration, you must be verie warie,I [...] scirrhus wil m [...]ter. lest the affected member be incended or stirred with hoate medicines, or by anie other meanes, for so Cancer should easilie be procured. But if the tumour be opened, and the substaunce thereof alreadie tourned into matter, you must vse the helpe of that ointment, which is called diachylon. Againe, if it shall degenerate into a stonie hardenesse, you must straight way repare vnto those remedies which shall be described in the Chapter following. [...]rhus illegi [...] & non [...].

But nowe when as thorough the vnskilfulnesse and ignoraunce of Phisitions, those inflammations which, the Grecians call Phlegmonae) or Erysipelata are exceedinglie refrirated, or else rashlie resolued thorough the ministring of such medicines, as can vehementlie drawe, and digest by their vapour: then all that substaunce which is anie thing thinne and sclender in them, if dissolued, but that which remayneth behinde, beeing as it were congealed togeather, and maruelouslye dreyed vppe, doeth take vnto it a [Page 271] stonie hardnesse, and at the last commeth to that disease,The causes of hardnes in the partes of the bodie. which is called of the Greekes scirrhus. But it chaunceth sometime that some member is hardened thorough extension of the fleshe, which commeth by reason of wine or by some other waterish humour (as wee haue saide before in our treatise of flatuous and waterish tumours.) Oftentimes also there aryseth vp in certaine members a stonie hardnesse, caused of the priuation of the moysture of the bodie and thorough too much drynesse, as it happeneth in the hardnesse of the ioyntes, and in the poores of the bodie when the goute or such like diseases do raigne. But here we will onely discourse of scirrhus, or of other harde tumours, which haue their originall from phlegmone or erysipelas or else from aedema, when as they be greatly refrigerate and cooled, which tumours we haue termed not without some reason scirrhi ex coincidentia procreati, (that is) scirrhi proceeding of an vnitie,Scirrhi ex coincidentia procreati. The signes of an vnlawfull scirrhus. being as it were a double disease incident both at one time. The signes and tokens of an vnlawfull scirrhus, which is not exquisite or perfect, are these, a harde tumour, scarce sensible that is, as though it were with feeling and payne, parfitlie representing the colour of the bodie, drawing his beginning from vnnaturall melancholie. This euill is not altogeather incurable, and yet it admitteth no easie cure, neither is it easely remedyed. For that humour, whereupon this euill gathereth his force is clammish, glewish and thicke, or (as Galen sayth) a partaker of both kinds,Iudicia. which when it is stuffed in the hard members, it doth obstinately withstand resolution, and when the humiditie thereof is throughlie resolued, then that which remaineth behinde, is dryed vp, and made as harde as a stone. But an exquisite scirrhus, Scirrhus exquisitus curationem non ad [...]. and such a one as is altogeather insensible, doth not receiue any cure. But if it may be holpen any way, it must be done by some moystening medicine. That hardnes also which commeth through too much exciccation, and when the moysture of the bodie is cleane extinguished, is also incurable, for it is sufficient if you stoppe it, that the drynes may proceede no further. But those scirrhi also, wherein there do grow certayne heares, and which are great, and verie hard,Scirrhi incurabiles. and doe resemble the colour of the bodie are neither cured, not yet chaunged at any time into any other disease (as Auicene hath declared.

The common and generall declaration of curing these tumours, is in this order described (namely) to euacuate all that matter, which vnnaturally is contained in the member.Summa curandorum scirrhorum. For the only waie of euacuation (as Galen hath noted lib. 14. meth. med.) is this, euen to clense and draw out that corruption, which stubburnely doth cleaue to the humour. But if anie man shall assaie to make euacuation by those medicines which do vehemently draw & digest, neither shall mollifie and soften with any drying and moistning remeadies, the cure shall seeme to him within few dayes greatlie to haue preuailed, for scirrhus will manifestly appeare to be deminished. But that which remaineth of the disease, will be incurable, for truely when the whole substaunce, which is verie thinne in the tumour, is digested or dispersed, then that which remaineth behinde, is turned into a certaine stonie concretion. For this cause therefore there is no medicine that doe vehemently heate or drie vp, meete and conueniet for these hard & scirrhous affectes, but such remeadies only,Medulla sena which can fitly both mollifie, and also digest: as are these things following: the marow of a harte and of a calfe, also goates suet, bulls suet, the tallow of a lybard and of a lyon. Among the fatte of byrds,Adipes. gooses greace is chiefly commended, next that the fat of a cocke and of a phesaunt. Also ammoniacum thymiama, (videl.) suffimen, perfume galbanum, and bdellium of both kindes,Gal. 14. meth. med. Anadendromalache. but rather that which is called scithicum, because it is somewhat moyst. Styrax also, which is something moyst and fat. Moreouer the rote of althea, and of the wilde mallow, which groweth almost euerie where, the leaues whereof must be moderately boyled with gooses or cockes suet, or if there be none of those at hand, you may vse swynes greac, these remedies are greatly profitable for this intention. But Auicene warneth vs not to commix anie hogges tallow that is salted, with the former thinges, and to vse mastiche, ladanum, oyle of wooll, strygmenta gymnasiorum, (which they call the filthines of bathes) asses dounge, and the dregges of oyle of lillyes, of oyle of alchanna which they call cyprinum, and of cherna, which of the Greekes is called [...], but of the Latines ricinium. Oleum reci [...] But that cure which is administred by vineger is profitable for this euill, that is for scirrhus which is full growen, and when the member is prepared to receiue mollyfyng medicines, as Galene also hath declared, [Page 272] for truely saith he, the force of vinegre, if it be vsed moderatly and in due time, is verie holsome for these diseases,14. Meth. med. [...] A [...]eti. because it doth diuide and resolue the grosse humours included in them: but if it be applyed immoderatly and out of a conuenient season, it violentlie consumeth the thinner partes, and maketh that, which remaineth behinde, to become verie harde, also if it be vsed longe, it will diminish and corrupt the verie substaunce of the sinowes. For this cause therefore, we must not verie often nor at the beginning, nor any long time, apply those medicines to the great sinowes or cordes of the bodie, which are compounded and made of vineger. Wherefore Galene did cure the childe of one Cercilius,Historia. Lib. 2. ad Glauconem. Oleum sabinum. who through to much cooling, and vehement bynding of erysipelas, had a hard and scirrhus tumour remayning in his thighe, after this manner. First he annointed his thighe, with oleum sabinum, which of all oyles is most thin, in steede whereof they vse in these daies olenum sambucinum, oyle of elder, which the common sort call iasminum. When he had thus washed & annoynted the member, he applyed amnoniacum thimiama, which must be grosse and not verie olde, [...]. commixed with the aforesaide suettes and marrowes. Afterwarde he annoynted his whole thigh rounde about with verie fatte ammoniacum, dissolued in exceeding sharpe vineger, and commaunded the childe to hoppe on the other legge, that so the more nourishment mought be brought vnto it. By such medicines therefore as coulde release and mollifie the tumour, & by digesting or resoluing remeadies also, and by the moderate and right vse thereof, he perfectly cured the childe. But in those great sinewes and ligamentes of the bodie,The cure of scirrh [...]us si [...]es & veynes, out of Ga [...]ene and Pae [...]lus. Lapis milites. Lap [...]s pyrites. which are drawen togeather and couered with scirrhus, you must vse vineger after this sort, as Galene counselleth vs. Take a stone, and heate it verie hote in the fire, and quench it in verie sharp vinegre, if it be possible, let the stone be that, which we call pyrites, but if there be no plentie thereof, take the stone called lapis molaris, which the Greekes call mylites, then let the affected member be holden ouer the hote vapour that ryseth vp from the ston [...] out of the vineger, that it may receaue the steeming vapour, which doth dissolue scirrhus: and afterwarde lay one againe some mollyfying medicine: yet the affected part must be euerie daie euen from the beginning throughly annointed with oyle and not with water, which oyle must not be astrictiue in any case, but of a thinne substance, as is oyle of sauin. But sometime you may boyle in oyle the rootes of althaea, and of the wild cucumber,Oleum sabi [...]ū. and other thinges of that sort, by this method of curing, many men truely haue bene perfitly healed in a shorte space, so that some haue thought it (as Galene sayth) to be done by the arte of magicke.2. ad Glauconem. By these thinges therefore it doth plainely appeare, that with that cure, which is accomplished by mollifying remeadies, aswell in the sinowes, as in the ligamentes of the bodie, you must commixe some medicine that can cutte, dissolue and diuide,Lib. 6. among which number vineger is chiefly the principall. Now as concerning other medicines which can mollifie the hardnesse of these tumours, we haue spoken nothing hoping that they may easily be gathered out of our former discourse. Now followeth the summe of the cure of scirrhous tumour,The summe of curing scirrhous tumours. which we haue drawen into a compendious forme hereafter ensuing. 1. That kinde of scirrhus, which hauing all his humiditie and moisture consumed and wasted, is growen into a stonie hardnesse, and is altogeather destitute of 1 sence (as is that which Galene calleth exquisitus scirrhus) of such a scirrhus, I say, attempt not the cure, but leaue it as an euill incurable. 2. To scirrhus non exquisitus (which is not 2 altogeather insensible, & yet scarce feeleth any thing) apply such medicines as carrie with them a maruelous heat, and a meane moisture (that is to say) which by mollifying, can also mederatly digest. 3. Vnto such members as are infected with scirrhus, minister no remedies 3 which do vehemently digest, and immoderatelie drie vp, for in them their small humiditie is quicklie resolued, and then that which abydeth still behinde, is dried vp and turned into a stonie hardnes. 4. In hard and grosse members which are annoied with scirrhus 4(as are the great vessels of the bodie) and in other places also, where the euill is inueterate, you must commix such medicines at haue power to cut and diuide, as is vinegre, with those remeadies which can mollifie and moderatly digest. 5. Also commaund, that this scirrhous 5 member which is hard and grosse, or anie other part besides, which is affected with scirrhus, be holden ouer the hote vapour of lapis molaris burnt in the fire and quenched in vinegre, 6 and let this be done often. 6. Furthermore let the aggreaued member be euerie daie annointed [Page 273] with some thinne oyle, wherin either the roote of the wild cucumber, or of althaea, or greene and fresh dill, or some such like thing hath bene boyled and infused, 7. Applie vnto the aforesaide scirrhous members such medicines as can drie, diuide, and resolue the 7 grosse humours moderatly (that is to say) neither often, nor anie long time, nor out of cō uenient season, that is, not at the beginning of the disease, to preuent the vse of mollyfying remeadies. 8. To conclude, all such scirrhous tumours, as are not indurated and of a stony 8 hardnesse, let them be cured with such medicines as can fitly digest and mollifie. 9. Last of all commit the cure of a scirrhous splene and a lapidous liuer, to the wisedome of the 9 Physition.

CAP. XXVI. Of a Cancerous Tumour, which thy commonly call Cancer Apostematosus.

THE name and title of the disease called cancer, among the Physitions & chyrurgians hath diuerse and sundrie significations:Cancer partaineth vnto two kindes of diseases. for the notifying or declaration thereof is extended vnto two kindes of diseases (that is to say) vnto a cancerous tumour (which they cōmonly call cancer apostematosus aswell that which is euident and appeareth in the outwarde members, as that which is 1 hidden, and lyeth in the in warde and secret partes of the bodie, as in the hippes, the roufe of the mouth and in the pappes of a woman) the other significations partaineth vnto an vlcerate 2 cancer.Of [...] engendred. Cancer fine vlcers. But both these euils are ingendred of melancholie (that is to say) of such a humour, as resembleth the dregges of wine, & the filthines of oyle, which thing Gal. libro decimo quarto therapeutices, and in his little booke de tumoribus praeter naturam doth plainely testifie. Now this aforesaide humour, when it is quiet, milde, and gentle, it engendreth a secret or an inward cancer without any vlcer. But if it happeneth to be sharpe, fierce, and malignant, it gnaweth the skinne, and causeth a cancre with an vlcer.Cancer [...] vlcere. But here we will onely discourse of that kinde of cancre which hath his residence in the outwarde partes of the bodie, & of that which is not yet exulcerate, which also sometime (as Galen affirmeth,) is saide to be a priuie cancre. That cancre therefore, whereof we here intreate, is a harde tumour, vnequall, rounde, hauing the veynes rounde about it, swo [...]len and puffed vp,Cancre [...]. it is blue or browen, and (as Paulus sayth) it is more blacke in colour then in an inflammation, it is also hote, but yet not so vehement as inflammations are, it sodainely increaseth, and greatlie wearieth the sicke, & afflicteth them almost with a continuall griefe: in greeke it is called [...], and [...],Can [...]ri nomen à [...]ancro aqua [...]ico. which title aswell the Latines as the Grecians haue assigned to this disease of the fish called a crabbe, because the veynes about this euill are filled and it stretched out, verie like vnto the feete of crabbes, descending from the round compasse of their bodies. But some haue giuen it this name, because it is verie hardly pulled awaie from those members, which it doth lay holde on, as the sea crabbe doth, who obstinately doth cleaue to that place which it once hath apprehended. Moreouer this tumor doth also represent the colour of a crabbe, whose hue is verie blacke. But the first beginninges of these cancres are sometime so confused and so small,Cancri notae per i [...]itia confuse, & obscurae. Lib. 14. Therap. that the common sort may be ignoraunt thereof: for when they doe beginne, they do scarce resemble the greatnes of a pease or of a beane. Wherefore it is no maruaile (sayth Galene) though the common sort doe not knowe them, for they be like vnto the little rootes that arise out of the earth, which are not discerned but of skilfull husbandmen. But afterwarde they growe vp into such a huge greatnes, & do bring with them so vehement, great, & manifest symptomates, that a childe may easily discerne them. Let no man therefore doubt of the name thereof, seeing all men with one consent do terme this kinde of disease cancer, because (as we haue saide) the veines in this euill doe swell one euerie side, and are greatly stretched out, and they doe represent the forme and likenes of a crabbe.Notae cancri [...]urdentis non vlcerati. A cancerous tumour (as we haue saide before) is harde and vnequall, which by the touching of it doth plainely appeare. It hath a blue or browne colour, which is a meane betweene red and blacke, called [Page 274] of the Greekes [...]. About the place where cancre is lodged, there is felt a certaine beating or pulse, and as it were a pricking: sometime also (as Celsus saith) the tumour is a sleepe, and as it were deade. It maketh the veynes rounde about it to swell and ryse vppe, like vnto the cancre in the armes. Oftentimes also in some they are secretly hidden, and when the place is touched, it is felt in some verie painefull, but in other some it is contrarie. This tumour also is maruelouslie stout, and resisteth touching. Moreouer it hath in it a certaine straunge,Iudicia. Lib. 14. Ther. and extraordinarie heate. Cancer or carcinoma generally is a grieuous and pernicious disease, for it can scarcely be healed any way by reason of the grossnes of the humour, neither can it be repressed or discussed, neither wil it yeald to any purgatiō, though it be throughout the whole bodie. The malice also of this disease is so great, that it contemneth all gentle and easie remeadies, putting furth but the middle finger to them (as the prouerbe is) but it must be stirred and chafed, and ouercome with verie vehement remeadies (as we wont to do in the euill called crabro. Celsus lib. 5.) This disease is wont to happen in euerie part of the bodie, but especially in the vpper partes about the face, the nosethrills, the eares, the lippes, and about the pappes of women, and of those chiefly, which are not naturallie purged of menstruis. But cancres do also commonly haunt men, whose accustomed purginges are suppressed through hemorrhoides growing in the fundament:Ga [...]. lib. 2 ad. Glauconem. for by them, that grosse and thicke bloud (whereupon this euill taketh his first beginning) is wont naturally to be purged out. Moreouer when this melancholious humour resembling in proportiō the dregges of wine, doth descend and flow into any member, and there abydeth compact togeather: it causeth sometime the disease called varices, and sometime it breedeth a cancre, as when the same is somewhat cooled. But when it is thrust out to the whole skinne, it causeth that euill, which they call elephans. Cancer therefore is a certaine particular elephantiasis, which the common sort call lepra, the lepry. But the thicker and the blacker the bloud is whereof cancre proceedeth the more daungerous will the disease be. Now when cancre is full growen, as they say, and inueterate, it admitteth not any cure, except it be plucked vp by the rootes either by sectiō or by adustion: but those cancres, which haue their constitution in the inward partes of the bodie, doe not desire any such kinde of cure, as that auncient Hippocrates simplie the prince of Physitions hath taught vs very well in the Aphorisme following:Apho. 38. Lib. 6. saying that it is not good to cure all inward cancres: for when they are cured, they doe soone perishe againe, but when they are not cured they remaine a longe time. For experience hath taught vs, as Galene witnesseth in his commentarie vppon this Aphorisme, that they which enterprise the cure of these cancres either by section or vstion, doe rather encrease their furie then abate it, whereby they shortly destroy those men, whō this euill hath attached. Those cancres therefore are onely curable which doe sticke in the outward part of the bodie, and which are exulcerate, and doe so wearie the sicke, that they willingly desire the diligence of the chyrurgian: and these tumours also do consist in those partes, which a man may cut and seare of hard by the rootes. Nowe when I name the rootes of cancer, VVhat cancre must be rotted out, and what not. I meane as Galene affirmeth, those veynes which are full of melancholike bloud, and which euerie way are extended toward the places lying about the tumour. But of an vnulcerate cancre, there often proceedeth an vlcerate tumour, when as in processe of time, the humour doth putrifie, and the disease is couched in the vessels of the bodie, or else when it is stirred and made worse by medicines vnaduisedly ministred. This exulcerate cancre of all others is thought to be most vile,An exulcerate cancre worst of all. because it doth altogeather resist that true cure, which attempteth and worketh all thinges to bring the sicke member vnto health, for this tumour, to cure it perfitly and absolutely, doth require gnawing, sharpe, and vehement medicines: howbeit by such remeadies, as we haue saide, it is the more prouoked and stirred to anger, and therfore it cannot be, that it should either be lenified, or cured by them. It shall therfore be sufficient to hinder the encreasing of vnulcerate cancres, which as yet doe occupie the outward partes of the bodie, especially those which be great and inueterate, with drawing our skill frō any perfect cure, which thing Hippocrates also hath admonished vs of in his former Aphorisme. For those tumors which doe wearie the sicke without exulceration,VVhat things doe foretell exulceration. Galene also hath called them secrete & inwarde cancres wherein both their vehement heat, and their great pulse or beating doe threaten or foretell exulceration to ensue. [Page 275] The cure of a cancre which is not yet vlcerate, but newly begone, hath three principall intentions. 1. The first is to stop the generation of the melancholike humour.Curatio cancri non vlcerati. 2. The second is to emptie out the melancholious humour dispersed throughout the whole bodie. 3. The thirde is to digest the humour which possesseth the affected member, and to strengthen, & confirme the diseased place.Primus scopus. The first intention is finished by a iust and due obseruation of that kinde of diet, which is before prescribed in the chapter de scirrho legitimo. But among other thinges this is chiefly and principally to be obserued, (namely) that such nourishment be giuen to the diseased, as haue vertue to refrigerate and moysten,Victus ratio tenuis sit & probi succi. and which doe engender good and slender iuyce: as are these the iuyce of bareley steyped in water & pressed, fishes of grauelly places, birds of all kindes, saue those which liue in fenny groūdes, the yolkes of egges, but especially of rere egges, (which the Grecians call [...]) & other thinges of that sorte. But if any extreeme heate shall infest the aggreaued place, and yet without a feuer, you may safely giue him bullockes milcke, from the which the butter is taken, or else the whey of milke. Potherbes also, which haue a coole and moyst nature, as mallowes, orage, spinache, & when time serueth gourdes: citrons also and borage may be giuen him in meate. The seconde scope (which is to purge the whole bodie from that melancholicke humour,Secundus s [...]opus. Humoris melancholi [...] ac [...]ratio. Epithymum. whereof this euill proceedeth) is accomplished by the applying of purging medicines which are appointed to euacuate melancholie, wherof you may finde plentie in the chapter of scirrhus: among the which epithymum (which the Romaines cal [...] inuolucrum) as a present remedie doth obtaine the preheminence, whereof you must take foure drammes styeped in the whey of milke or in mulsa, (as Galene commaundeth lib. 14. meth. med. But this quantitie of epithymum, or somewhat more, must be offered euerie thirde daie, that the melancholike humour, which is gathered togeather in the veynes, and causeth the generation of cancre, may by little and little be emptyed and purged out, because it is impossible to euacuate all at one time. But we cannot alwayes prohibite the fluxe, least afterward the like humour be engendred in the bodie, and compact togeather in the veynes. The purging therefore of the antecedent matter must be attempted at the beginning, as it were by turnes, by the applying of some simple medicine: afterwarde, (if the matter so requireth and the ministring of simples doth little auayle) you may vse the helpe of some compound remedies, as is that medicine of Galene dedicated for the purging of melancholie, which consisteth of two and thirtie simples, or hiera Ruffi, Hiera Ruffi Hiera A [...]icennae. or hiera A [...]icennae, which is made of blacke helleborus. But you must not desist from those former rehearsed purgations, vntill the whole melancholious humour which is stuffed in the veynes, be brought out, and vntill the member which is beset with this cancrous tumour, be thorowghly reduced to his naturall state. But if nothing doe let it, as age and strength, it shall not be amisse in these cancres to let bloud,Sanguinis [...]ussio. Lib. 14. meth. medendi. and then to purge (as we haue saide before:) and if they be women, you must labour to purge menstruys, if they be not aboue fiftie yeares olde (as Galene hath taught vs lib. 2. ad Glauconem.) This seconde indication (saith Galene) is the first and chiefe of all, for that which is put in the first place, doeth rightly chaleng the second degree. The generall manifestation therefore (saith he) of the cure of a cancre, consisteth in the spedie emptying out of that humour whereof this euill groweth, and in the prohibition and stopping thereof, and to foresee, (if it be possible,) that this melancholious humour be not collected in the veynes by the meanes of another. But if that thing cannot be brought to passe, you must euacuate the humour by turnes now some and then some, and you must also endeuour to strengthen the member, least the aboundaunce of the humours doe plentifullie flow vnto it. 3. The thirde intention, which is generall to all such diseases cōming of the flowing of humours,T [...]rtius scopus. doth will vs to digest the humour, which lurketh in the affected member, and to roborate the same, least the humors aboundantly haue accesse thereunto: moreouer you must appoint a conuenient time to repell that which is flowen, and that truely in the beginning, aswell in the verie time of purging, as before, but now, when the whole bodie is throughly purged, then may you lawfullie endeuour to digest, and if there went before but a small and meane purging, then you must applie some remedie which hath a mixed facultie, that is to say,Quod [...] cancris. which can both represse and digest. Nowe, that we may iustlie accomplish these intentions, we must make [Page 276] choice of those medicines, which are of a meane force, and of a gentle qualitie, for such remedies are most conuenient for these diseases. For those which carie with them a weake and feeble power doe worke no effect (as Galen saith) but are easily ouercome:Lib. 14 Ther. but such remedies as are strong and mightie, do vehemently either digest or thrust backe the thinne bloud which lyeth in the veynes: but the grosse and melancholike partes, which we haue likened before to the dregges of wine, they neither purge forth nor represse: but rather do make them more obstinate and more hard to be dissolued and discussed. Therefore to cure these cancres, but yet beginning, you must vse medicines of a meane & moderate strength, which neither their imbecillitie can be vanquished, nor for the vehemencie can mightily thicken the bloud. Furthermore you must apply (as it is saide) such medicines as are gentle and which doe not gnaw or bite: because the malignitie of the euill through such vehement medicines is stirred, and prouoked, and made more fierce and sauage (as we commonly terme it.) But when the matter, whereof these cancres doe come, is for the most parte grosse and thicke and disobedient to resolution, and partener also with many other vitious humours, we shall deale sufficiently in this case (especially, when we feare the daū ger of chirurgie, and that the euill cannot otherwise be cured) if wee by the vse of the former remedies, which are made of burnt and washed metalles (as Galene counselleth) shall stop and hinder their growing and encreasing, especially, if they be great tumours: or else after the opinion of Auicene, if we seeke to defende them from vlceration. For the which intentions, Galene lib. 2. ad Glaucon. doth greatly commend the iuice of nightshade, and that medicine which is made of pompholygos, Su [...]s solani. Diaphompholygos. [...] [...]enicon s [...] [...]ma Vnguentum [...] or that which consisteth of chalcites commonly called diapalma. Therefore Theodoriticus also for the same purpose, appointed the ointment named diapompholygos, which is made of oyle of roses, of white waxe. ana. ℥.v. of the iuice of red pomegranates, and of nightshade. ana. ℥.iiij. of ceruse washed. ℥.ij. of lead burnt and washed, of pompolygos, which is commonly called tuthia, ana. ℥.j. of franckensence. ℥.ss. Galene also reporteth libro primo de compositione pharmacorum secundum locos, which booke is entituled of the auncient interpreter myamis, a certaine ointment inuented of Apollonius for vlcers appearing in the head, which the Greekes call achorae, which ointment he affirmeth to be verie effectuall against these cancrous tumours.Arp [...] medicamentum. The medicine is this. ℞. of oyle of roses, or of vnrype olyues, hemina, which the Greekes call cotyle vidz. ℥.vij.ss. which must be infused or put into a leaden mortar, and stirred vp and downe with a leaden ladle, or else brayed with a leaden pestill so long till it waxeth thicke and blacke, resembling the verie colour of lead: then beate by the selfe alone, of lythargirum, lib. 1. of ceruse as much, and commixe them with the oyle, and make an oyntment. Moreouer how great the force of leade is in all such cancrous dispositions, especially that which is burnt and washed:The force of leade it meruelous in cancrous tumours. Paulus lib. 4. [...] archigene. all men may sufficiently know, which haue had some experience thereof, and which haue studeouslie perused those thinges which Galene libro nono de simplicium medicamentorum facultate doth write of leade, which he himselfe calleth in Greeke molybdos. For this cancrous disease Paulus and Auicene doe greatly commende the emplaister made of sea crabbes, especially if it be mingled with an equall quantitie of the scouringes of brasse. Take therefore of sea crabbes burned, and of the off all of brasse an euen portion, beate them to flower, & straw them vpon the tumour, or else laie on the ashes of the crabbes with a searce cloath or cerate. But the same Auicene willeth to plucke vp these little cancres hard by the rootes, or else to cut them of, and then to wring and crouse out the thicke bloud on euerie side, and afterward to seare the place with some hote instrument. For this doth dissipate the relictes of the matter, and consumeth them, it strengthneth the member and stoppeth the fluxe of bloud. Galene also before Auicene his time, did allowe that cancres might sometime be cured by chirurgie.Lib. 14. Meth. med. But truely although Galene and Auicene doe permit this manuell cure by chirurgie: yet to auoide the daunger of immoderate fluxe of bloud, and of vlceration, yea and of the life of the sicke, omitting those things, we ought to follow that prescript rule of curing,Chirurgery not rashly to be vsed in cancres. which is onely accomplished by gentle and milde medicines, as a more safe waie and lesse troublesome, and to content our selues with that onely methode: because that if such a cancrous tumour, which is growen to a mightie bignesse, should be cut round about in those places, which are ioyned to the whole parts, the [Page 277] daunger of immoderate profusion of bloud woulde straightway followe, by reason of the greatnes of the vessells and widenesse of the arteries, which partes (saith Galene) if you should take vp and binde them with cordes, the other members by reason of their neare acquaintance would be troubled and greatly grieued. Moreouer Celsus saith,Lib. 5. that although carcinomata be cut of, and brought to a scarre, yet they will returne againe, and giue occasion of death. But if you intende to seare of the rootes of this euill, yet truely you cannot doe this neither without hurting of the next partes, especially if you make exustion neere vnto the principall members. Great cancres therefore, and those which are inueterate, must neither rashly be burned with any instrument, nor cutte of with a penknife, but rather handled gently and mildly (as we haue saide before.) For many men not by the applying of any forcible or vehement medicines to take away this euill, but by the onely ministring of easie and gentle remedies, which can as it were please or delight, haue so hindred these tumours, that they coulde not attaine vnto any perfect age or rypenesse. Now followeth the summe of the cure of Cancer non vlceratus, which is yet but beginning,Capita curationis Cancri non vlcerati. and doth occupie the outward partes of the bodie, briefly in these wordes. 1. Imprimis in a canker which is but newly begone, and which consisteth of noe verie thicke humour, nor causeth the veynes to swell greatly: purge out the melancholicke humour which causeth 1 this euill vniuersally throughout the whole bodie. 2. If age and strength doth suffer it, cut a veine in the elbow, and draw out as much bloud as neede requireth. 3. Afterward mynister 2 to the sicke such medicines as can purge melancholie downewarde: in the beginning 3 let them be gentle and easie, but afterwarde somewhat vehement increasing their force by little and little. 4. If the purging of menstruis in women before fiftie yeares of age, or of hemorrhoides both in them and in men be so suppressed, that bloud aboundeth not at times 4 nowe and then, you must prouoke them by all meanes possible. 5. In the meane time appoint vnto the sicke a thinne diet, which can engender good iuyce, and cause no melancholike 5 bloud. 6. If you cannot auoyde it, but that a grosse and melancholious humour be 6 gathered togeather in the veynes: you must euacuate the same by turnes, both with simple and compound medicines. But these former Aphorismes doe pertaine vnto the Physition: nowe we will declare the dutie of the Chyrurgian. 7. applie vnto the affected member bothe before purging, and in the verie time of purging, such medicines as can repell, and 7 driue backe: but when the bodie is vniuersally purged, then vse digestiue remedies, but let them be such as are of a moderate strength and of a gentle nature. 8. Therefore minister 8 to the aggreaued place iuyce of nightshade, or the medicine made of Pompholygos, or that which consisteth of Calcites, commonly called Diapalma, and othe remeadies of that sort. 9. But if by the arte of chyrurgie you dare enterprise the cure of Cancer, you must first 9 (taking the Physitions counsell) purge furth the melancholike humour, and then cut the corrupted tumour cleane of, and suffer a good quantitie of bloud to come forth, and wring the thicke bloude out of the adioyned partes, and afterward cure the disease after the maner of other vlcers.

Libri quinti finis.

[Page 278]

THE SIXT BOOKE TEACHETH THE FORME AND RVLE OF MAKING REMEDIES AND MEDICINNES WHICH OVR PHYSITIANS DO COMmonly vse at this day, and to know after what sorte their proportion and quantitie is distributed and noted with the names of ech Medicine.

CAP. I. Of Suppositaries.

A Suppositary is a remedy whole, long & round, which is put into the fundament, that it may auoid the pricking, and moue & prouoke the vertue expulsiue to the auoiding of the excrements cō post, or ordure. We do vse Suppositaries especially for three causes: the first is for bringing out of the ordure, which when it lyeth in the right bowell, it requireth no clister: the second cause is, when one or two clisters haue ben put into the body, & doe not come out againe at the fundament, as it doth chance in passiōs of the colick, thē it is very perillous to put in other clisters: the third cause is, whē the sick person is so weake, that he may better suffer a suppositary thē a clister. A suppositary is made of hony that is boyled so long, til it doth wax thick & hard, oftētimes common salt is mixed with the hony:A suppositarie to bring forth the ord [...]re. but if you will make it more sharp & quicke, take salt gemme, the dongue of a mouse, agaricke, or else hiera simplex. ℞. a Suppotary made of hony, which if you thincke so weake that it will not moue the compost or ordure, ad to these following. ℞. a common suppositary of sharp hony, ckmon salt. ℥.ss. or of salt gemme. ℈.ss. or of mouse dongue. ℈.ss. or ℈.j. or of hiera simplex. ʒ.ss. Also make suppositaries of white sope, tallow of beastes, fat of bacon, candles, the stalkes of beates or mercury, or their rootes annointed with oyle or hony, & strewed with pouder of salt specially for children & sucking babes,A suppositarie against the [...]urmes called L [...]brici. for whom one corne of salt put in is sufficient. ℞. tyme, or cyclaminum, or wormwood, or sothernwood, stāped in a mortar. ʒ.j. or ss. of boyled hony so much as suffiseth, & make a suppositary. Suppositaries are good against the Palsey made of pellitory, pepper, napy (that is a kinde of rapes called a nauew) centorie, bitumen (that is a kinde of of lime) the roote of panax, hysope, galbanum mixed with dry rosen, or pitch & waxe. Let a suppositary be roūde and 6.7. or 8. fingers in length. We do vse no Suppositaries to them which haue the hemorhoides, or any other swellings in the fundament.

CAP. II. Of making Nodulus.

NODVL [...] be those which are called of Aetius in Greeke [...], they are good for those which haue clefts and swellinges in the fundament. These do auoide and take away the hardnes of suppositaries, because somtime we are compelled [Page 279] to vse flockes in their steedes, their matter is the same that suppositaries be. ℞. flockes mingled or beaten with hony, & put it into the tuell, & truely that nodulus is best and sweetest which is made of salt & the white of an egge in cloath or wol, made in the forme of a beane, and put it into the tuel with a thread hanged at the end, that it may be drawn out againe.

CAP. III. Of mabing Pessaries.

A Pessarie is a medicine which is made of softe woll, or such like thing, and it is put into the priuities of women. The figure or shape of it is like a suppositary, but that it is longer and thicker, because it must be put into the wombe. It is made of waxe, or of cloath or cotton, or of lint first dipped & wet in oyntmēt, or in a medicine meete and conuenient for the cure. Afterward wind them in silke, and hang a thread thereon, that it may be drawen out the more easilie. It is put into the tuell and into the wombe, to cease the inflammations and vlcers of them both. Priuatly it is put into the wombe to prouoke the menstruis and the secundine, or to stoppe immoderate fluxe of menstruis or to mollifie the hardnes of the wombe, or to cure other diseases of the wombe. ℞. a pessarie dipped and wet in vnguentum rosatum, and put it into the place.To cease inflammation. To this sometime is added opium, that is, where the inflammation causeth great paine. Opiū by his coldnes maketh astonied, therefore his quantitie ought to be small, as from halfe a scruple to a scruple, and let it be holden a little time, least through his coldnes the partes which are senowy be not hurt. It therefore may be holden halfe an houre. ℞. a pessary dipped and wet in vnguentum pompholygos, put it into the tuell,To drie vlcers. or into the matrice that is grieued. Pessaries to bring forth menstruis are made otherwise. The medicines are taken in silke cloath, that is as thinne as sindall, and let the forme & fashion be thicker,To bring forth menstruis. which may bring out with his power, as thus. ℞. hierapicra composita. ℥.j. of euphorbium, and the apple of coloquintida. ana. ℈.ss. mixe them and make a pessarie. Annoint it with oleum nardinum, or with the iuyce of herbes that prouoke menstruis. Such pessaries be made oftentimes of brayed herbes prouoking menstruis, as, ℞. mercurie, neppe, or mugworte or sothernewood. M.ss. braie them and roule them in silke, and make a pessarie. If the menstruis haue endured with swelling and paine, first make a bath, for that doth mollifie and moist, the paunch ought first to be emptied and the bladder to be vnloden, because the matrice is in the middes betweene them: for these being filled, and pressing the matrice, the menstruys for ouermuch straitnes, may be retained, and made slow in comming out. If immoderate menstruis do flow, do thus. ℞. a pessarie wet in vnguentum comitissae, and put it into the matrice, or thus. ℞. of plantaine or knotgrasse, or brere, or mirte, or other,To mollify the hardnes of the wombe. that can stop menstruis. M.ss. braie them and role them in silcke and make a pessarie. Pessaries mollifiyng may be made of the marrow of a calfe, and a harte, of rosen, terebinthine, fatnesse of a gose, or porke, and of gumme armoniacke dissolued in water.

CAP. IIII. Of Clysters or Enema.

A Clyster or Enema, is a kinde of medicine the which is cast and put into the bowels by the fundament liquid and thinne, and it is profitable for eight thinges. 1. to mollifie the wombe restrained with hardnes. 2. to prouoke the violence detestable and astonied. 3. To auoid any kinde of humours. 4. To put away ventosities. 5. To cease dolours and paynes. 6. To binde and restraine the bellie. 7. To make cleane vlcers of the guttes or bowelles. 8. To make sounde the same. There may be also added to alter or chaunge: as here followeth. ℞. of lettuce, scarioll, restrum percinum, leaues of sallowe. ana. M.j. floures of violettes, and nenuphar. ana. p.j. make a decoction of one pounde, in the strayning let one ounce of Casia fistula be dissolued, oyle of violettes and of nenuphar. ana. ℥.j.ss. camphire. ℈.j. and make a clyster. ℞. the foure kindes of remollitiues, or mollificatiues,A clyster mollificatiue. pellitarie of the wall. ana. M.ss. the rootes of the mallowes called althea, & white lillies. ana. ℥.j. seede of flaxe, fenugreke, & [Page 280] anyse. ana. ℥.ss. of fat figges. 4. make a decoction of lb.j. in weight. In the strayning therof dissolue therein Casia fistula, mel violatum, and fresh butter. ana. ℥.j. oyle of violets. ℥.iij. and make a clister. If you will make a clister mollificatiue lacking the thinges aforesaide doe thus. ℞. of oyle made warme. lb.j. and make thereof a clyster, or thus. ℞. oyle & fresh butter. ana. lb.ss. & make a clyster. ℞. the foure remollitiues. ana. M.j. seede of Carthamum. ℥.j. of anyse,A clyster prouoking and making voide the violence astonied. fennell, and careum. ana. ʒ.iij. and make a decoction of. lb.j. and in the straining dissolue hiera simplex, or benedicta, or diaphenicon, or electuariū de succo, or electuariū Indi maioris. ℥.ss. of clarified hony, or iuice of squill. ℥.j. or common salt. ʒ.ij. or salt gēme. ℈·j. or. ʒ.ss. Many doe adde to clysters. ℥.j. of the iuyce of beetes, which doe moue and griue the belly, or iuyce of beetes & coleworts. ana. ℥.ss. of cōmon salt. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.j. which bite & gnaw the bellie, or lesse, but the iust weight, must be as you coniecture to be easie or harde for the sicke. Also such a clister expulsing the detestable facultie or matter, may verie well be made onely of hony, or hony with iuice of squilla, or other thinges decoct. And if that the vertue expulsiue be astonyed & dull through the hardnes of the ordure, then make a clister partly of mollificatiues, and partly of expulsiues aforesaide. Clisters which auoide humours are made so,A clister [...] humours. that they varie according as the humours differ. For when the humour is grosse and colde, euill disposing the bowels, let it be made thus. ℞. the foure remollitiues. ana. M.j. cammomill, the tops of dill, organ, calamint, sothernwoode. ana. M.ss. anyse, careum, comin, ameos, seseleos. ana. ℥.ss. bearies of lawrell, seede of rew. ana. ʒ.ij. make a decoction. In the strayning dissolue catholicon, and diaphenicon. ana. ℥.ss. or diaphenicon, or benedicta. ʒ.vj. or of both. ℥.ss. of red sugar, and mel anthos. ana. ʒ.iij. or. ℥.ss. oyle of dill & cammomill. ana. quar. ss. or oyle of rew. ℥.j. oyle of dill. ℥.ij. or oyle of lillies. ℥.ij. make a clister. If ventositie be present, adde carmmatiues, if paine be present, take a medicine releasing griefe by prouoking sleepe, as hereafter shall appeare by axamples. If a cholericke and gnawing humour must be brought out with a clister, then let the clister be made of such thinges as will auoide that humour, and mixe it partly with such helpes as do cease inflammation, as thus. ℞. mallowes, bismallowes, violets, pellitorie of the wall, endiue, succorie, lettuce, purslaine. ana. M.j. and if there be so much neede of coldnes, take the foure great cold seeds brused. ana. ʒ.iij. or ℥.ss. of whole barly. p.j. make a decoctiō of one poūd. In the straining dissolue casia fistula, & common sugar. ana. ℥.j. the white of one egge or two, oile of roses or of violets, or common oile. quar. j. make a clister. If such a passion commeth of a meladcholike humour, make it thus. ℞. the foure mollificatiues, the leaues of buglosse and borage, the tops of dill, lupuli, and fumitorie. ana. M.j. melilote and chammomill. ana. M.j. seede of charthamum, & polipodie of the oke. ana. ℥.j. annise, and fennell. ana. ℥.ss. make a decoction. In the strayning dissolue hiera ruffi, which is not in vse, or confectio hamech ℥.ss. or catholicon. ℥.j. red sugar, or mel rosatum, or violets. ℥.j. oile of dill, lillies, and violets ana. ℥.j. make a clister. ℞. mallowes,A cl [...]ster to put and driue away vent [...]si [...]es. bismaluae, pellitorie of the wall, organie, calamint, cā momill the tops of dill. ana. M.j. of anyse, carecum, comin and fennill. ana. ℥.ss. or. ʒ.vj. of lawrell bearies. ʒ.ijj. or ℥.ss. seede of rew. ʒ.ij. or iij. and make a decoction. In the strayning dissolue benedicta, or diaphenicon, or electuartum indi maioris which we do not vse here ℥.ss. confection of lawrell bearies. ʒ.iij. or. ℥.ss. red sugar. ℥.j. oyle of dill, cammomil & rew ana. ℥.j. make a clister. Into these clisters which put away vētosities, oiles of nuts is holsom to put in, and also (as Galen saith) vinum maluaticum cretense may well be mixed with such a clister as is aforesaid. The signes of ventosities and wind contained in the bowels, be often farting and noise in the guts, because it chanceth as often as burbles are broken in the bowels. Bowels wherein be burbles (as Galene teacheth Particula 2. Aphorism. strangulati nondu [...]s moriui &c.) be caused of ayre shut and enclosed with the humour.A clyster to cease paines. Clisters to cease paines are made many wayes, for if the cause be a hote gnawing humour, the example is shewed afore by cold things, where he intreateth of a clyster to auoid humours, if the paine be of a cold cause, take the same that is giuen against ventositie last before, if the paine do come of moe causes, make a clyster of many of those things, which are meete for the causes, & when the cause of the paine is not knowen, make it thus: ℞. floures of chāmomill, mellilote, the toppes of dill, ana. p.ij. make a decoction in milcke. In the strayning dissolue therin whyte sugar because the redde is byting & pricking. ℥.j.ss. whytes of egges .ij. oyle of [Page 281] dill and chammomill. ana. quar. ss. and make a clyster, or thus: ℞. oyle of cammomill dill and violettes. ana. ℥.iij. cast it in with a clyster, and when we wante such oyle, we make it of quar. iij. or. lb.j. of oyle olyue. ℞. milke sodden. quar. iij. or. lb.j. amylum siue amydum. ʒ.ss. or. ʒ.j. at the most,A clyster restrayning. gumme arabicke or Tragacanch or both a litle burnte. ana. ʒ.ss. or. ʒ.j. or. ʒ.ij. bole armoniacke and Sanguis Draconis. ana. ʒ.ij. oyle of roses and cammomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. make a clyster. ℞. the iuyces of plantayne, Arnoglossa, (that is) a kynde of plantaine, knottegrasse and purslayne:A clyster profitable against a hote humour gnawing in the bowells. let these iuyces be cleansed either by seething or residence, take of all these, or of one of these, as much as sufficeth for a clyster adding of the powder aforesayde, and with those oyles make a clyster. Note, that when there is neede, then you may make clysters of those herbes sodden, or of the waters distilled out of them adding rose water, as. ℞. the water of Arnoglossa, of plantayne, of roses, of purslayne, of knottegrasse, as much as suffiseth, and dissolue some of the aforesayde thinges therein. It is to be noted that sometime there are putte into the aforesaide decoctions, seedes and fruictes that be stypticke to make harde and to binde, so that they lacke sharpenesse, because else they woulde pricke, prouoke, and expulse, therefore we can mixe togeather, the seedes of mirte sorrell, of purslayne, plantayne, cypresse, cauda equina, horsetayle and such like. Moreouer note, that oyle must neuer be putte into clysters, if the bowelles be vlcerate, as they be in Dysenteria, (which is a fluxe in the bodie) yet many doe neglect that, not knowing that oyle is an enemie to vlcers (as Galene entreateth 3. and 4. Methodi.) Truelie wyne is a speciall friende, the creame or curde of a hare or goate in weyght. ʒ.iij. Sorbus, prunes, meddlars, quinces, ana. ℥.ij. more or lesse doe restrayne and binde. ℞. whole bareley. p.ij. of redde roses and commomill,A cl [...]ster is secure and clense vlcer [...] in the guttes. and of plantayne if payne be present. ana. p.j. make a decoction. In the strayning dissolue therein Mel rosatum. ℥.j. the whyte of one egge or two, make a clyster. Such a clyster is to be giuen alwayes before clysters restrayning, bynding and consolydating, by meanes whereof the thing is made prompte and easie. A clyster consolidating is made when the filthynesse of the bowelles is not purged and tryed out, because that is deadlie,A clyster [...]nconsolidating (that is) making [...]unde of vlcer [...]. and therefore there needeth no clyster, but that prognosticating is sufficient. ℞. iuyce of plantayne, Arnoglossa, and purceslayne. ana. ℥.iij. of bole armoniacke, Sanguis Draconis, and Amylum. ana. ʒ.j.ss. or the tallow of a male or female goate. ʒ.j. or ℥.j.ss. and make a clyster. And because goates tallowe, cannot well dissolue, but almost alwayes it congealeth and hardeneth togither in the bowelles of the sicke. Therefore it may be and ought to be dissolued with a little oyle of roses, and then it neede not to be feared for vlcers. Also oyntmentes consolidating (as is vnguentum album) sometime are made liquide and mixed, and speciallie, when the vlcers be nigh, or in the great guttes. Sometime in the steede of iuyces may clysters be made of milcke verie well for his whey portion, which doth restraine and consolydate. Oftentimes both in these and in restraining clysters, the whites of egges harde sodden are dissolued. And thus finisheth the making and vse of clysters or Enema.

CAP. V. Of making Syruppes.

A Syrupe is of medicines, a iuyce with sugar or honie molten therein, decoct and boyled vnto the measure of that sagar. Practicioners doe put a double vnderstanding in syrupes, (that is) simplex, which is called vsuall, and compositum, which is called magistrall. Simples or vsualles be these, sirupes of violettes, roses, of endiue, of nenuphar, of maydenheare, of wormewood, of mynts, oxymell squilliticum, syrupe of eupatorie, of epithymum, and of byzantijs. They are called simples, aswell because they consist in one simple medycine, as also because they are ordayned for one sicknes & one vse. Syrupus compositus which is called magistrall, is compounded of diuerse medicines, being good for sundrie diseases, as in example: if any [Page 282] man compound togeather Syrupe of wormewoode and stechados being taken in euen portion or quantitie, there would come thereof a Syrupe good for the stomach, because of the wormewoode, and good for the heade because of the stechados. A Syrupe is good & profitable to digest humours before a purgation, that they may the easier and better obey the purgation. Therefore they are vsed of many Physitions to be giuen before medicines, although we haue not read, that olde practisers did obserue it, but they did commit the digestion of humours wholy to nature. Looke the comment. Aphorism. 9. lib. 2. when anie man will purge the bodie, it behoueth to make it flowing. Truely Hippocrates would doe thus, saying, that the concoct and digest matter ought to be healed and moued, and not the crude and rawe matter. And Galene ad Glauconem. lib. 1. speaking of the cure of Tertiana notha, woulde not haue worme woode to be giuen till the seuenth daie. Therefore it doth appeare for a truth, that syrupes ought rather to be giuen for the humours lefte after a purgation, then for their digestion and coction. But many doe obserue and vse, that humours being grosse, clammie, and viscous, may by syrupes that do attenuate, cutte and deuide, be preparate and made easie to auoyding and purging they call this digesting of humours. Colde and cleauing humours are preparate with syrupes that be hote cutting and scouring, as to digest reumie matter, such as is a feauer Quotidian, and to prepare it to the purging. ℞. the fiue rootes apperitiue,A syrupe digesting of re [...] [...]y matter. made cleane and tempered in vinegre foure houres. ana. ℥.ss. or ʒ.iij or the ryndes of the fiue rootes, orygan calamint, hysope betonie and germander. ana. M.ss. of anyse and fennell. ana. ʒ.ss. of raysons the stones pulled out. ʒ.iij both the stechados. ana. p.j. make a decoction. In the strayning dissolue of good honie. quar. iij. of whyte sugar. ℥.iiij. make a syrupe perfectly sodden. minister three sponfull, with double as much of water of liquorace or with ptysan or withwater of raysons or anyse. Humours that be moueable and thinne, must be preparate to the auoyding and purging by syrupes that doe make thicke and let the mouing,A syrupe against thinne and moveable humours. which humours if they be caryed to the wayes of expulsion, or be kept and contayned in the waies and conduytes by which an apt and readie expulsion may be made of them, then they may be auoided without any preparatiue. But if those humours be restrayned and kept out of the places aforesaide, then they shall be rectified and remedied with colde syrupes, the making whereof doth follow. ℞. syruppes of purcelaine,A syrupe to make humours grosse and thicke. Iulep. sorrell, endiue, nenupharis, of rybes, of barberies, of agresta, of quinces, of roses, take of one of these or moe. ℥.vj. minister it with double as much of well water sodden: there may also conuenientlie be made a iulep in this wyse. ℞. syrupes of roses, purcelayne and sorrell ana. ℥.j.ss. or ℥.ij. water of roses, Arnoglossa, succorie or endiue, or purcelaine or sorrell. ana. ℥.ij. water sodden or burnte, specially if fluxe of the bellie be present. ℥.vj. make a iulep clarified, and aromatized with ʒ.ij. of cynnamon elect. Furthermore if those humours doe not make and cause fluxe of the bellie,Note. but being inflamed doe beginne a feuer, then neither syrupes stipticke, nor waters are to be vsed, but rather colde syrupes lacking stipticitie, as be syrupes of endiue, purslaine, violettes, of nimphea called water lillies, of maidenhaire. But if we do suppose that there ought to be a greater extinguishing and quenching, that the rotten matter may be driuen out the more easilie, we doe vse colde sharpe syrupes, as be Syrupus acetosus simplex, which is put in both causes as well hoate as cold. Also oxizaccharum simplex, & Syrupus de acetositate citri, and of lymons, which if the fluxe diarrhaea be present, being raised and caused of such hote humoures, then syrupes that be acetose and sharpe are not to be ministred, because they excoriate, rase, and slea, but syrupes of ribes, barberies, quinces, and iuyce of sorrell may be suffred and giuen, because they haue but meane sharpnesse and acetositie. But against hote humours make potions or syrupes magistrall in this wise. ℞. Endiue that is yong or newe set, and not growen long, wash it not, adiantum, maidenhaire, succorie, puslaine, lettuce, singreene, scarioll, plantaine, of all, or of some of them two or three. ana. M.ij. the foure great cold seedes. ana. ʒ.iij. the roote of succorie, the roote of sorrell, of gramen and nightshade (that is) the lesse morrell, called Solatrum. ana. ℥.ss. or ʒ.iij. make a decoction, to which may be added the iuyce of the herbes afore written, cleansed so much, and halfe so much, or halfe as much more as the third part of the decoction. In one pound of the strayning dissolue suger taberzet. ℥.vj. of [Page 283] wine of pomegranates. ℥.j.ss. or vinegre. ℥.ss. make a syrupe clarified and aromatised with. ℈.ij. of white saunders or red or both. ana. ℈.j. But if thou wilt make the syrupe perfectlie concoct and sodden, ad to suger, and let it be sodden to the perfection that it may be kept. The vse and ministration must be with double as much of some licour as water sodden, water of lycorace, or the water of some of the herbes aforesaid distilled, yet I doe not much praise and allowe the vse of distilled waters. But if the syrupe be not perfectly boiled (as is shewed in the first example) it must be giuen by it selfe, and without the administration of any thing else, neither shall the iuyces be put in, which should be put in,A syrupe for melancholy humours. in a syrupe perfectly sodden. Like formes and vses may be made of syrupes, rectifying or digesting colde matter. Syrupe of Epithimum, syrupe of fumitarie, which is made two wayes: one way is of the onely decoction or iuyce of fumitorie, and then it is Syrupus de fumiterrae simplex: another way is according to the description of Mesuae, and such a syrupe hath mirabolanes, cassia, & many other things, which syrupe is called compound, for that cause, syrupe of buglosse, syrupe of borage, syrupe of Harts tongue, which openeth and looseth the stoppinges of the spleene, and syrupe of violets because it moisteneth verie much.

The simple medicines, wherewith these syrupes are compounded, be these, borage and buglosse, fumitorie, lupulus, Epithimum, and such like, that doe helpe and aide the digestion of such an humour. Out of the aforesaid things, may be made syrupes, potions, and Iuleps, decoct and boyled to the satisfying of these intentions and meanings. Oftentimes there be made syrupes laxatiue for the purging and auoiding of marter that is reumie and filthie, and also melancholike matter, when long continuing diseases be bred of them, partly to the digestion of raw matter or humours, & partly to the auoiding and purging of humours, which be rotten or halfe rotten, as is in long feauers.

℞. the toote of Apium, fennell & parsley scraped and made cleane, ana. ʒ.iij, of hysope,A s [...]rupe [...] matters, & feuer: Nothae. origan and calamint. ana. M.ss. of seede of Carthamum. ℥.iij. greene polipodie of the oke. ℥.ij. of annise, fennell and dill. ana. ʒ.j.ss. of liquorace scraped. ʒ.iij. of raisons, the stones pulled out. ℥.ss. of the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. make a decoction strained to lb.j. or. lb.j.ss. in the which infuse nowe trochiskes of Agaricke. ℥.j.ss. leaues of seane cleansed. ℥.ij. after tenne houres make a straining, wringing it strongly, whereto adde syrupe of violets, syrupi de bizantijs, and white suger. ana. ℥.iiij. make a syrupe perfectly sodden and aromizate with ʒ.j. of cinnamon elect, and with one syrupe. ℈.j. [...]iloaloes. The drosse of this syrupe by meanes of the thinges that are put into it, maybe. ℥.j.ss. which also the fourth or fifth day, may be giuen with double as much of hydromell (that is) water and honie sodden togither, or aqua mulsa, or of some other docoction. By like meanes may the laxatiues entring into this present syrupe be encreased or deminished by reason of the quantitie making of the syrupe, for this present syrupe is ordained for 6. or 7. or mo doses, therefore the forme and fashion of the proportions being kept, it may be made for 1.2.3. or moe doses. Moreouer by like reason, a syrupe laxatiue is made, for matter cholericke and filthie (as one would say) vitelline, the which causeth feuers hard to be eradicate and taken away.

℞. the rootes of Apium, and of fennell cleansed and scraped and tempered in vinegre one nightes space. ana. ℥.ss. of hysope, maidenhaire, adiantum, politricum, A syrupe laxatiue against filthy colerick matter. some call it wall ferne, Harts tongue, endiue, succorie. ana. M.ss. or M.j. the foure great colde seedes bruised. ana. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.iij. Raisons the stones pulled out. ℥.ss. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. make a decoction in the which infuse agaricke newly made in Trochiskes. ʒ.vj. the leaues of sene made cleane. ℥.j. in the straining dissolue syrupe of maidenhaire and violets. ana. ℥.iij. of white suger. ℥.iiij. make a syrupe perfectly boyled putting in, in the end of the strayning of it. ℥.ss. of rewbarbe elect. infused as it ought to be, which thing after it be strayned, let it boyle on a soft fire without flame or smoke vnto the perfection of the decoction: the dos of it is. ℥.ij. or ℥.j.ss, with double as much of the decoction of endiue, and succorie, or liquorice, or with double as much of whey made of goates milke. This syrupe is for 5. or .6. Doses. And if the first dos will not satisfie your intent, then you must dissolue somewhat therin that hath power to purge the humour that thou woldest haue brought out: as in example. ℞. of the syrupes aforsaid. ℥.j.ss. of whey made of goates milke. ℥.iij. make a dose. And if therof do not follow theffect that you looke for, ad therto either of casia fistula. ℥.ss. or of diae [Page 284] pruuis laxatine. ʒ.j. or ʒ.ij. or diaphenicon. ʒ.j.ss. or also some rewbarbe. You may also doe the same in the example of the syrupe made to auoide Reume.

A syrupe against melancholy.℞ the iuyces of lupuli (that is) hops, and of fumitorie, but it is vnpleasant, of buglosse, of borage, & of sweete apples clensed. ana. ℥.iij. or ij. Let them be twise clensed, either by decoction and clarifying, or by residence of greene polipodie of the oke. ℥.ij. or ℥.iij. of fat Tamarindes. ℥.j. of Epythimum Cretensis put in the ende of the decoction. ℥.ij. of adiantum, hartistongue, and the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. make a decoction strayned to quar. iij. in the which infuse the leaues of sene made cleane. ℥.iij. make a strayning, and mixe it with the aforesayed iuyces: afterwarde adde thereto, syrupe of violettes. ℥.vj. syrupes of buglosse and suger taberzet. ana. ℥.iij. make a syrupe perfectlie sodden, and aromatizate with. ʒ.j. of cinnamon, and ℈.j. of white ginger scraped. The dose is two ounces with water of buglosse, or hoppes, or fumitorie, or whey made of milke.

CAP. VI. Of making Iuleps.

A IVLEP doeth not much differ from a syrupe, but that it is lesse boyled then a syrupe is, and because also it is made without the permixtion of anie other decoction with it, as syrupes are wont to haue when they be made. Iuleppes are made either of water of infusion or distillation, or else of the iuyce of some simple medicine, as thus. ℞. of the water of infusion of roses, or the water of infusion of violettes. ℥.v. suger. ℥.iiij. boile it easilie, and make a Iulep: minister it with twise or thrise as much of sodden water made colde againe. Or thus, ℞. water of roses. ℥.viij. of suger. ℥.iiij. boyle them easily and make a Iulep: Or thus, ℞. the iuyce of roses, or the iuyce of violettes. ℥.vj. Suger. ℥.iiij. boyle them easilie and make a Iulp. Likewise Iuleppes may be made of other thinges, that doe either make warme and hoate, or that doe open and loose, or that doe restaine and binde. But yet Phisitions commonly doe call a syrupe, dissolued in sodden water, a Iulep, saying. ℞. syrupe of roses, or the syrupe of violettes, or syrupe of maidenhaire, or of anie other syrupe. ℥.iij. of sodden water. lb.ss. mixe them togither, and make a Iulep.

CAP. VII. Of Dolis, siue Potio.

DOLIS otherwise called Potus, or Potio, is a medicine laxatiue dissolued in some kinde of licour and giuen in drinke. There be of this manie differences, because of the diuersitie of humours that they voide and purge. The simple medicines do purge and bring foorth rewme or fleume, as be these, Agaricke, Turbyth, Carthamus, colocynthis, and other often sought out by Mesue. The compoundes be Diaphaenicon, in forma opiatae, Diacarthami in the forme of lozenges, electuarium de Citro, Electuarium Indum maius & minus, Benedicta, & Hiera simplex, Hiera composita, and such like. But these be compounded, not that they auoide onelie one humour alone, but being mixed with another humour, as choler mixt with fleume or melancholie. Medicines are ministred in diuerse fourmes and fashions. As first in the fourme of a Potion, for one onelie Dose, or for one time, in the fourme of a Bole, whereof shall be spoken hereafter, in the fourme of an Eletuarie liquide, as opiatae, whole in fourme, as lozenges, in the fourme of syrupes or Iuleps.The fourme of a potion. Also in the fourme of powder and pilles. ℞. Diaphanicon. ℥.ss. or ʒ.vj. if the sicke be strong, dissolue it with water of the decoction of liquorace, raisons and annise, as much as suffiseth. Make a dose with syrupe of violettes. ʒ.vj. or ℥.j. or dissolue it with common strayning, and make a dose, or dissolue it with Hydromell or dissolue it with certaine distilled waters, as waters of hoppes, Buglosse, succorie, or such like, or dissolue it with the decoction or broth of a chicken, or with whay of milke, [Page 285] or thus: ℞. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. of prunes damascene, iniubarum, and Sebesten. ana. foure in number, liquorace scraped. ʒ.j.ss. annise. ʒ.j. make a decoction strayned for one dose: in the which dissolue Diaphaenicon. ℥.ss. or ʒ.vj. syrupe of violettes. ℥.j. & make a dose. If you will adde to it another Electuarie laxatiue, take of one a quantitie away, and adde to asmuch of another, as where it is saide, take of Diaphaenicon. ʒ.vj. you may say take of Diaphaenicon and Carthamum. ana. ʒ.iij. and so likewise of other.

℞. raisons the stones pulled out. ℥.ss. seede of Carthamum and polipodie of the oke. ana. ℥.ss. or ʒ.vj. of annise, fennell,The forme of a potion or dose, whose decoctiō doth auoid certaine reume and fleume. Simples to auoide choler. and liquorace scraped. ana. ʒ.j.ss. leaues of hysope. ʒ.j. make a decoction in the which infuse Agaricke newly trochiscate. ʒ.j. or ℈.iiij. or ʒ.j.ss. In the straining dissolue Diacarthamum or diaphaenicon, or Benedicta. ʒ.iiij. or ℥.ss. syrupe of violettes. ℥.j. and make a dose. These thinges auoide choler, iuyce of roses, violettes, Tamarindes, manna, diagredion (that is) scammonie preparate, Psillium, rewbarbe, and myrabolanes. Casia fistula purgeth as well choler as reume, iuyce of roses and ireos do bring foorth thinne choler and yellowe water. Compoundes to auoide choler be these Electuarium de succo rosarum, diaprunis laxatiuum, diaprunis simplex, trochiskes of violettes,Compounds. which be seeldome in vse.

℞. offat Tamarindes. ℥.j. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.ss. liquorice scraped. ʒ.j.ss. of prunes damascene. numer .vj. make a decoction in a little quantitie of water,The forme of a potiō [...]o sing & resoluing choler. in the which let the Tamarindes be strongly wrong out. In the straining dissolue casia fistula that is new. ℥.j. or ʒ.x. make a dose. In the like decoction you may dissolue. ℥.ss. or ʒ.vj. of diaprunis simplex with. ʒ.j.ss. or ʒ.ij. of diaprunis laxatiue. If it be feared that Diagredion will doe hurt, and if the sicke be rich, in the steede of Diaprunis laxatiue may be dissolued. ʒ.j. or ℈.iiij. or ʒ.j.ss. or rewbarbe. Take heede and note, that such a potion is good in cholericke feuers, and in those feuers, in which the frensie is feared, and truely it is excellent good, for by it, is eschewed the auersion, and also the refrigeration and cooling. In the stede of this present decoction and colature, medicines laxatiue may be dissolued in a common decoction, or with water of frutes, or with hydromell, or with waters distilled, either with endiue, succorie, hops, or with the broth of a chicken, or with the whey of milke. ℞. raisons, the stones picked out. ʒ.iij. liquorace scraped, and anise seedes. ana. ʒ.j. proines damascene. num. vj. Tamarindes. ℥.ss. the three cordiall floures, succorie,The forme of a common [...] in the beginning of cholericke feuers specially in Tertian feuers yong set endiue. ana. M.j. make a decoction boiled for one dose, in the which dissolue newe cassia fistula. ℥.j. or ʒ.vj. after the strayning infuse. ʒ.j. or ℈.iiij. or ʒ.j.ss, of rubarb elect as it ought to be, of syrupe of violets. ℥.ss. or ℥.j. make a dose. Let it be giuen in the morning before dinner 5. or 6. houres, on that day that he is least afflicted. If choler be mixt with fleume, by reason of that mixture, let such thinges as do loosen choler, and such things as dissolue reume be mixed togither. Spikenarde which is wont alwayes to be ioyned with rubarbe, is vnpleasant to the belly, for it loseneth opilations and stopping vehemently. Also it prouoketh vomite, & in women with child, it prouoketh menstruis strongly. Therfore manie do think that it ought not to be mixed with rubarb in medicines, that are giuen to women with child, or to those which be apt to vomite. For that cause, if it be mixed. ʒ. or 4. graines are sufficient for ʒ.j. of rubarb. For delicate persons which do abhor all medicines,A dose vnder the forme of a syrupe for delicate folke. make a dose vnder the forme of a syrupe for two or three times, or for one dose after this sort, specially for Tertians exquisite and deintie. ℞. endiue yong set, and succorie. ana. M.ss. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.ss. liquorace scraped. ʒ.i.ss. proynes damascene vj. in number, fat Tamarindes, ʒ.6. anise. ʒ.ss. make a decoction boyled to ℥.iij. or else you may make a decoction for one dose, in which dissolue syrupe of violets and endiue, ana. ʒ.vj. or ℥.ss. of white suger, ℥.j. the wringing and straining of. ʒ.ij. of rubarb elect, infused as it ought to be without spiknard, make a long syrupe, that is as it were in the forme of an Apozema (which is a decoction so called of the Greekes & vsed of them in steede of our syrupes.) Let it be boyled vpon the coles without anie smoke long time together, wringing the rubarb strongly, being bound in a peece of lynnen cloth, clarifie it, and aromizate it, and make a dose of. ℥.j.ss. it may be multiplied for two or three doses (the proportion of all being kept and obserued.) But if you will make a syrupe to last long, seeth it to the perfection, and of that syrupe minister. ℥.j.ss. or ℥.ij. with whey of milke, or with the decoction that serueth for thy purpose. Also you may adde some Seene in the infusion, [Page 286] speciallie if you do thinke that choler adust doeth raigne,A dose against bastardly feuers, specially Tertians. or if you desire a more full and quicke effect of the medicine. ℞. of yong set endiue, of succorie, of Adiantum, and of hartes tongue. ana. M.j. the foure great colde seedes. ana. ʒ.iij. the seede of Carthamum. ℥.j.ss. polipodie of the oke. ℥.ij. fatte Tamarindes. ℥.j.ss. seede of endiue, scarioll, and liquorace scraped. ana. ʒ.ij. of raisons, the stones plucked out. ʒ.p. proynes damascene 12. in number, the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. make a decoction of lb.j. or ℥.viij. in the which infuse the leaues of seene cleansed. ℥.j.ss. agaricke newelie trochischate. ℥.j. In the strayning of the decoction dissolue syrupe of violettes, and maydenhaire syrupe. ana. ℥.iij. white suger. ℥.ij. make a syrupe boyled vpon a leate fire, without smoke, putting into it the strayning of. ʒ.vj. of rewbarbe elect, infused as it ought to be, make a syrupe perfectlie boyled and aromatizate, with. ʒ.ss. of cinnamon, and. ℈.ij. of red saunders, reserue it in an earthen or glassen vessell. The dose of the aforesaid syrupe shall be the fourth parte of it (that is to say. ʒ.ij.) the which may be dissolued with whay of goates milke, or water of the decoction of the common colature, or with the waters of the decoctions or distations of succorie or endiue. But Igorreus, doth not allowe distilled waters, And if the aforesaid dose doe not sufficiently moue the bellie and cause it to be soluble enough: an infusion may conueniently be added to the second dose. ℈.ij. or ʒ.j. of rewbarb elect, or some Diaprunis laxatiue, or Electuarium de succo Rosarum, as in example. ℞. of the aforesaide syrupe. ℥.ij. the strayning of two scruples of rewbarbe elect, or Diaprunis laxatiue. ʒ.j.ss. or ʒ.ij. of whey made of milke. ℥.ij. or as much as is sufficient, and make a dose. It is to be noted that the aforesayed syrupe ought rather to be giuen and ministred to those that haue Tertianae Nothae (that is bastardly Tertian Feuers) rather then to those that haue feuers exquisite, deintie, and lawfull, for these be of fewer fits, and be ended in a short time. The other be long and of more fittes, so that they remaine manie times and often from one Equinoctiall to another. To this also the Tertians that be exquisite and pure, doe come, and are caused of sincere and good choler: and the feuers Nothae and bastardlie doe come of filthy and vile choler. Here note also that Carthamus and Agaricke which do auoide and purge reume, the leaues of sene which doe purge melancholie, and also rewbarbe which doeth purge choler, may be put togither to the aforesaide syrupe, whereby the matter that causeth feuers Nothae of long continuaunce, is auoided and purged. Also note that in one day, or in the thirde or fourth day, one dose ought to be giuen, but moe dayes must be let passe according to the doctrine of Auicene de Cura Tertianarum Notharum. Simples to purge the melancholike humour. These doe purge melancholie, hoppes, fumitorie, Epithimum Cretensis, polipodie of the oke, the leaues of seene, lapis lazuls, myrabolani nigri or Indi, lapis armenius, blacke hellebore, and a thousand other are to be sought out of Mesue. The compoundes that doe purge melancholie, be Catholicon or Diacatholicon, diasenae, Catharticon imperiale, Hiera, Rufi, Confectio Hamech, pilulae de fumitoriae, pilles of lapis lazulus, pilles of the v. kindes of myrabolanes, of Epithimum, of Hellebore, pilles, wherof the dose is. ʒ.j. We can or doe seeldome vse the other compound medicines, for the bitternesse that they haue in tast: all electuaries (except catholicon) be euill in tasting,The forme of a dose against melancholie. and therefore they are confect and made in forme of potions. ℞. fumitarie, and the toppes of hoppes. ana. M.j.ss. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. of raysons, the stones picked out. ʒ.iij. or ℥.ss. of greene polipodie of the oke. ʒ.iij. of cuscuta, and epythimum. ana. ʒ.iij, of anyse and liquorace scraped. ana. ʒ.j.ss. make a decoction in the which infuse the leaues of Sene made cleane. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.iij. In the strayning of the decoction dissolue diacatholicon. ʒ.j. or ʒ.x. syrupe of violettes. ʒ.j. make a dose. In this dose syrupe of violettes and the cordiall floures are put in, that they may temperate the drynesse of sene, and epithymum. If we will more diligentlie purge melancholie, we doe put in hiera rufi, whose dose is halfe an ounce, in which Hellebore is entred, which is not in vse at Paris, or else take confectio hamech. ℥.ss. the which is exceeding bitter for the plentie of coloquintida that is therein. Remember and note that medicines loosening and purging choler or rather melancholike, may conuenientely be dissolued with the whey of goates milke, or with the water of the decoction or infusion of the things aforsaid, putting in the dose afore written: as in example. ℞. of all those or of part of those good things which be written in the dose aforesaide, afterwarde make a decoction in the whey of goates milke, [Page 287] and in the decoction infuse the leaues of sene, &c. And with some of the aforesaide electuaries confect and make a dose, according to the nature and strength of the sicke person: or thus. ℞. the leaues of seene, made cleane. ʒ.iij. infuse them in the whay of goates milke, all one night, and in the strayning of the decoction, dissolue catholicon. ℥.j. or. ʒ.x. or ℥.j.ss. and make a potion. Note that epythimum doth sustaine and maintaine a decoction, and therefore we may write thus. ℞. epythimum cretensis. ℥.j. let it boyle with wheie of goatrs milke, afterward straine it, and wring it out strongly, and with ℥.j. of syrupe of violettes make a dose, which if it seeme not to be sufficient, adde to it some catholicon. Galene doeth counsell to take this potion lib. 13. Therapeu. in which place he considereth, that cankres, and all melancholike diseases ought to be taken heede of before hande, and to be escheued, but he putteth in, but. ʒ.iiij. which drachmes doe shewe to be of none effecte, because (as I thincke) we haue not the good epythimum, and therefore we take an ounce for the quantitie, whereby the working of it may be the quicker and the better. All authours doe followe this sentence, which in their bookes of practizes or abridgementes haue remembred this against the elephantia, which is commonly called the leprie, and is now made for the cure of elephantiasis. The decoction of an old co [...]k. Many doe thincke and iudge that the decoction of an olde cocke is verie good and holsome for diseases growen and begone aswell of melancholie, as also of Rume and fleame. The chiefe vse of it is against the paynes of the colicke, caused of rume, and partely of winde, and also against diseases of the breast, as difficultie in breating, and moreouer against diseases of the ioyntes caused of colde matter. It is prepared and made against the colicke, caused partely of reume, and partelie of ventositie and winde. It is this, as followeth. ℞. of hysope, calaminte. ana. M.j. of raysons the stones picked out. ℥.j.ss. of anyse, fennell, and carui. ana. ʒ.vj. of the seede of carthamum. ℥.ij. of greene polipodie of the oke ℥.j.ss. the three cordiall floures. ana. p.j. of the floures of cammomill. p.ss. and make a decoction, putting all togeather into the bellie of an olde cocke preparate as it ought to be, infuse in the ende of the decoction the leaues of Seane made cleane. ℥.ij.ss. of agaricke newly trochiscate. ʒ.x. make a decoction of two pounde, and reserue it to your vse. ℞. of the aforesaide decoction. ℥.iiij. syrupe of violettes. ℥.j.ss. make a dose. Note that if the sicke person be stronge and stubburne, there may be put in the dissoluing of some Diaphaenicon, as ʒ.j.ss. or. ʒ.ij. or as much benedicta. Take heede also: for agaricke (as manie doe thinke and iudge) is suspected, and thought to be hurtefull to those that haue the colicke: because that if the substaunce of it be throwen in with a clyster, the lightnesse of his substaunce cleauing to the guttes, doth pricke them and greaue them, and doth prouoke a fluxe also, and oftentimes doth cause one to desire to sitte longe on the siege, because that, it hath vertue and power to drawe downe humours from the farre partes of the bodie, and therefore Democritus (as Mesue doth witnesse) called it medicinam familiae, the medicine of his familie or housholde. Therefore it may not well be giuen to those that haue payne in the bowelles, because it maketh a fluxe, that woulde not be, excepte that caused it, and therefore I counsell in such cases, to take awaie agaricke. Furthermore note, that chammomill may aptlie, and well be put into these decoctions, although the vse of it is rare, and seeldome seene among Physitions, yet it is manifest, that the onely decoction of it in the broath of a chicken or chapon, is excellent profitable against all inwarde griefes, and specially for those which haue the cholicke & the nefresie, (as many haue proued it, to the great preseruation of their health.) The water of the distillation of chāmomill is ministred for the same purpose, but yet the decoction thereof is of more and better effect, then the distillation of it. The bitternesse of the decoction may be mitigated with sugar, if it be for delicate persons. Also the decoction of a cocke may conueniently be giuen for diseases in the breast & of dispuras, if medicines pectorall be decoct with it: as ℞. of hysope, & of caula campana. ana. M.j. the third part of Sauerie. M.j. the fourth part, horsehofe called vngula caballina, which is an herbe called of some little clote, whereof you may take. M.j. seede of carthanum, and greene polipodie of the oke. ana. ℥.ij. of anyse and liquorace scraped. ana. ℥.ss. rootes of ireos and rootes of enula. ana. ʒ.iij. or ℥.ss. of fatte figges not putrified foure or sixe in number, of fatte dates the skinnes and filmes taken awaie, foure in number, of Iuiubes [Page 288] and sebesten. ana .xij. in number of raysons the stones picked out. ℥.j. the three cordiall floures, ana. p.j. make a decoction in the bellie of an olde cocke, that is hunted preparate and dressed as it ought to be, putting into it at the ende, of Agaricke and of the leaues of Seane, as much as you thinke will be sufficient for your purpose: but note that here agaricke may conueniently be vsed and ministred. There are other medicines also which be made against all superfluities in other formes (that is to say) in the forme of liquid electuaries (that is) ad formam opiatae: or in forme whole, (that is) like an electuarie made in logenzes or tables.

CAP. VIII. Of making Bolus.

BOLVS in English is called a morsell. It is a medicine laxatiue, in forme & fashion it is meanely whole, & it is swallowed by litle gobbets. It is made of diuerse thinges by reason of auoyding and purging of diuerse humours: but the playnest and simplest waie of making it, is of medulla, casiae fistulae, new drawen out of a fat cane or reede ʒ.vj. or ℥.j. of sugar so much as suffiseth: & make a bole. But if it be feared that casia will do hurt, as if great paine be in the bowels wherby many times is prouoked soūding, as some do that haue but weake and tender bowels: to such casia is not to be ministred neither by bole nor by clisters. And for that cause the sicke person must be asked how he feeleth him selfe before casia be ministred to him. Truely many authours doe thinke that this hurt which casia may bring, may be taken away if there be added to it some graines of barberies or sugar roset: for they are of this minde, that through their stipticitie the bellie and the bowels are strengthened, and the paine impedite and letted, which casia doth cause by his clammines and mollifying softnes. There be other that do mix some laxatiue with casia, that it may quickē the slownes of his operation, & that it descending may the soner slide away & be auoided. Boles chiefly are thus ordeyned and made, being verie profitable remedies against the diseases of the reynes. ℞. medulla casiae fistulae newly drawen. ℥.j. or ʒ.x. the graines (that is the kernelles) of barbaries. ℈.ss. and with sugar roset make a bole. Other doe adde. ℈.ij. or. ʒ.j. or. ʒ.ij. of diaprunis laxatiue, or electuarium de succo rosarum: as in example following. ℞. meduldae casia fistulae newly drawen. ʒ.vj. of diaprunis laxatiue. ʒ.ij. of suger roset tabulate as much as suffiseth make a bole. Note that many, because of the ventositie which casia doth engender in the bowels, they adde to the bole pouder of anyse. ℈.j. or. ʒ.ss. which auaileth much ℞. casiae fistulae newely drawen out of a fatte cane or reede. ʒ.iij. or. ℥.j. the softe matter of fatte Tamarindes. ʒ.j.ss. of chosen rewbarbe. ʒ.ss. or. ℈.ij. or. ʒ.j. sugar as much as suffiseth,The forme of a bole purging choler. make a bole. If the sicke person be poore, in steede of rewberbe▪ make a bole with. ℥.ss. or. ʒ.vj. of casia, and ʒ.ij. of diaprunis laxatine, and with sugar. ℞. catholicon. ℥.j. or. ʒ.x. and with white sugar make a bole, or thus: ℞. catholicon. ℥.ss. or ʒ.vj. of confectio Hamech. ʒ.j. or. ʒ.j.ss. and with sugar make a bole.The forme of a bole against melancholie.

CAP. IX. Of making Pilles.

PILLES are ministred for the auoiding of euery humour: videl. against rume or fleame rayning and also against Cholera Notha, which is vile and filthie choler hauing dominion in man. Pilula aggregatiuae after the discription of Mesue, de agarico, de rhubarbaro, stomachicae, de hiera simplicli, de hiera compositae, which respecteth the heade. Cocciae or cocchiae which is so called of granis cocci, and not of the heade as some thinke. Pillulae aureae, Elephangina, sine quibus, de Hermodactilis maior & minor, de Serapina, de Sarcocolla. Truely the foure kyndes of pylles last recyted are most appropriate and agreeing, against corrupte and stincking humours, [Page 289] of the which vertue also be Arthretica maiores and minores when reume reigneth, but these when choler reigneth in the diseases of the ioinctes: then also the pilles of Hermodactylis maior and minor are dedicate and ministred. Pilles that doe onely voide pure choler and purge it, there are a thousand to be found, but many of them hath more respect to the auoiding of filthie and bastardly choler, or that which is greatly mixte with reume: as, Pillulae de Rheubarbaro, de Hiera simplici, Aggregatiuae de Agarico, Ante Cibum, Imperiales. In a maner the cheife dose of pilles is. ʒ.j.ss. of which make nine pilles, and with some conuenient syrupe, as syrupe of endiue, syrupe of maidenheare, syrupe of staechados, or also with Oxymel or Hydromel, or with some other licour.

CAP. X. Of making Apozema.

AN APOZEMA is a decoction of medicines gently made for the concoction and digestion of humours, or for preparation of them, and sometime for euacuation and purging. It may be made diuerse, and for diuerse intentes and purposes: as to make hote and to make cold, to make moist, and to make drye, to loosen and open, to restraine and binde, to attenuate and make thinne, to make grosse and thicke, to prouoke menstruis and vrine. Of medicines particular and conuenient, and of their rootes, fruictes, seedes, (and other, as it shall seeme meete and expedient for your purpose.) In effect an Apozema doeth not differ from a syrupe, but in boyling: for syrupes are wonte to be boiled long and to the perfection, but an Apozema is boiled easily & litle. Therefore syrupes may be long kept, and Apozemes may be kept but a few dayes. ℞. of succorie, endiue, Cuscuta and Adiantum, ana. M.ss. of the rootes of sorrell,The forme of an Apozeme against cholerike humours. and of gramen, ana. ℥.ss. the foure great cold seedes made cleane, ana. ʒ.j. of the three cordiall flours, ana. p.j. make a decoction of. lb.ss. In the straining dissolue syrupe of violettes, or Syrupus acetosus, or syrupe of Limmmons, or also of white sugar. ℥.iij. and make an Apozema, clarifie it, and aromatizate it with. ℈.ij. or ʒ.j. of cinnamon elect for two doses. Likewise Apozema may be made against other humours, the matter and effect wherof must be sought out of the head of the syrupes. Note that in the confection and making of Apozema: for ℥.ij. or at the most for ℥.iij. of the decoction it is sufficient to adde. ℥.j. of suger or syrupe. Also there maye be made Apozemes laxatiue, as there be syrupes laxatiue, adding to laxatiue thinges in that decoction, or infusing them in it after the decoction is made. Looke in the title of syrupes for the example, for they be like them, (this onely excepted as we said before) that an Apozema after the dissoluing of the suger or syrupe in it, ought not to be boyled any longer.

CAP. XI. Of making Mulsio.

MVLSIO is made of seedes clensed or of fruictes or of both sometime to quenche the thirst, and the inflammacion of the breast and lounges, and against diseases of the reines and the bladder, or against Ischuria (that is) retention and with-holding of vrine, and for the strangurie, (that is) the voiding of humours by causing the vrine to issue out by droppes with burning in the yarde. ℞. of the foure great cold seedes new and cleane,The forme of Mulsio. ana. ʒ.iij. or ℥.ss. of sweete almondes blaunched in cold water. ℥.j. beate all together in a stone mortar, with well water first sodden, and make a decoction of lb.j. and reserue it and keepe it in a glasen vessell. The aforesaid Mulsio is good against the burning of the vrine, or the strangurie, if. ℥.iiij. or vj. be giuen in the morning three or foure houres before dinner and two or three houres before supper, the same quantitie of the premisses, or a litle lesse with one Lozenge of Diatragacantum frigidum, in which are putte in the aforesaide seedes, and gummes, and many other [Page 290] thinges. But if in the aforesaid cases we thinke that there be greater neede of infrigidation and cooling: mixe with your Mulsio the seedes of pourcelaine, of lettuse, and of white poppie. But in the diseases of the breast, adde to new pine apples, sweete Almondes and fresh figges that be not putrified, with one Lozenge of Electuarium Di [...]iris simplicis, or Diairis Solemnie, let it be ministred straight way without delay. Also with the aforesaid Mulsio, there n [...]lye conueniently be mixed some quantitie of Suger, or some Syrupe apte and meete for the purpose: (as Ruellius was wonte to make against the filthie matter, and corrupt bloud in the vrine of man:) as thus: ℞. the seede of white poppie, and the foure great cold seedes, or sweete Almondes, ana. ℥.ss. stampe all these in a mortar with as much water of the decoction of liquorace as suffiseth. In the straining dissolue of Syrupe of violettes, of maidenhea [...]e, and of mirtles, ana. ℥.j. make a Mulsio for two times, and let the greiued person take it in the morning fower howers before dinner.

CAP. XII. Of making Powders.

A POWDER is made of Seedes, Rootes and mineralles powdred and beaten finely, and suger put to them, that they maye be the more pleasaunt. Powders be ministred for many causes and intentes, where of their most common ministration is after meate to helpe digestion, or to stoppe and keepe downe vapours, which ascend and are caried vp into the braine, or else for both causes as it often chaunceth. ℞. the seedes of anise and fennell,A powder to helpe digestiō. ana. ʒ.j. the seede of citron cinnamon, liquorace, and roses, ana. ℈.j. of chosen pearles and the scraping of yuorie, ana. ʒ.ss. of suger rosate, as much as suffiseth: make a fine Powder, wherof minister after meate, one sponefull: and looke what powder is so made to stoppe and keepe downe vapours, euen the same is good to helpe digestion: as is this that followeth. ℞. coriander preparate. ʒ.j.ss. the scraping of yuorie, red corall, the horne of a Harte burned, ana. ℈.j. of cinnamon. ℈.ss. of suger rosate as much as suffiseth: make a powder which maye be giuen after meate. Also they are good for many other thinges as for wormes in children, for binding, in the belly, and for strength, and against the Plague comming of the owne proper matter: These Powders are to be ministred before meate, some alone, some with wine, or vpon tostes of bread weat in wine. Sometime they are giuen for the corroboration and strengthening of all vertues, in malignant feauers, and in great imbecillitie and weaknesse of strength. ℞. the scraping of an vnicornes horne, gra. 4.5. or 6. the scraping of yuorie, of chosen pearles, and of hartes horne, ana. gra. 6. seede of citron, and Cardus Benedictus, ana. gra. 4. and make a fine Powder, which may be giuen with conuenient liquour as with white wine, distillation restoratiue, water of Scabious, or Buglosse, or of some other such like. And such Powders for the most parte are ministred about midnight, or early in the morning. There may also be made Powders laxatiue (as is) Diasene, and Diaturbithe, and the powder of Electuarium Diacarth [...]mi, to the which ought to be added three times or foure times as much suger, & they may be ministred being dissolued in the decoctiō of a chicken, or of liquorace or of ptysan. But yet these powders are seeldom vsed among practicioners.

CAP. XIII. Of Electuaries, and Conserues: Of Lozenges, and Manus Christi.

AN ELECTVARIE is ordeined and made two wayes (that is) either liquide, as in Forma [...]piatae, or whole as in tables or lozenges, or in fashion foure square and long which they call Manus Christi. Electuaries truely are ministred to corroborate and strengthen, and for that cause they be called Ionica, as afoording strength [Page 291] to the membres (that is to say) they roborate and strengthen the vertues naturall, vitall, and animall. If they be confect and made to strengthen the naturall faculties and vertues then they must be ministred to a fasting stomacke. lf the vertue digestiue be weake through coldnesse, minister them after meate. But if any matter arise through moistnesse, then minister one houre or two before meate, that they may alter the temperature and drye vp the vnwholesome substance. But if the vertue vitall requireth strengthening, you maye minister them very well in a maner at all houres. But if you intend to strengthen the vertue animall, you may conueniently minister in the houre of sleepe or about midnight.An Electuarie strengthening the naturall vertue. The formes of Electuaries are in this order as followeth, and first, of a liquide Electuarie which is profitable to strengthen the naturall vertue when the substance of the bellie is made feeble by coldnesse and moistnesse. ℞. of the powder of Electuarium Aromatici maioris (which Gabriell describeth.) ʒ.ij. powder of Electuarium Diacalaminthi. ʒ.j. of Diatrion piperion. ℈.ij. of Conserua Anthos (that is) of flours of Rosemarie, and of roses, ana. ℥.ss. of suger taberzet. ℥.j.ss. of sirupe of mintes as much as suffiseth, make a liquide Electuarie in Forma Opiatae, and minister it before dinner or breakefast an houre or an houre and halfe, or two houres: the dose is. ℥.ss. or rather. ʒ.ij. Electuarium Aromaticum Rosatum, being ministred fasting taketh awaye all corrupt and rotten humidities, and being ministred after meate it strengtheneth the vertue digestiue.An Electuarie against hote distempure of the liuer. Now followeth the forme of a whole or hard Electuarie made in Lozenges, or fashoned like Manus Christi, against hote distempre of the liuer and against obstructions of the same, as thus: ℞. of the powder of Tria sandalorum. ʒ.ij. the powder of Diarrhodon Abbatis. ʒ.j. of conserues of succorie and roses, ana. ʒ.j.ss. or suger taberzet or white suger dissolued in water of succorie or endiue, as much as suffiseth, make an Electuarie in Lozenges of the weight of. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.ij.ss. or ʒ.iij. minister one before meate. Many times conserues are not put in, but onely powders. The Apothecaries are wonte for euery drachme of powder, to put to. ℥.j. of suger. But if you will make the Electuarie more strong, you maye well take a drachme and a halfe of powder, for. ℥.j. of suger.An Electuarie against Melancholi [...]. If the stomache be troubled with the presence of Melancholie abounding and flowing to it, either through the vice of the liuer that multiplieth it, or by diseases of the spleene, as be stoppinges, which hinder the receipt therof: then make an harde Electuarie, or in Forma Optatae, with thinges following, as in example, ℞. of the powder of Electuarium latificans Galeni. ʒ.iij. the powder of Electuarium Diamargariton Calidum, ʒ.j. the powders of the Electuaries of Aromatibus, or of Gemmis, or Diamusci dulcis, or Diambrae maye be putte in, seeing that they haue the same vertue: of conserues of Buglosse, and Borage, and Violettes, ana. ʒ.j.ss. the barke of Cytron seasoned. ʒ.j. of as much white suger dissolued in water of Buglosse or Borage as suffiseth: Make an Electuarie in Lozenges, or in litle gobbettes, or like Manus Christi: in weight. ʒ.iij. or. ℥.ss. And if you will make it in the forme of a liquide Electuarie, putte to it twise or thrise as much more of the conserues, and some powder of white suger or suger rosate (that is to saye) ℥.ij. as is shewed in the example aforesaide, with some syrupe hauing respect to the Melancholye humour (as is) syrupe of Buglosse, of Borage, of Roses, of Hartistongue, of Epithimum, of Fumitorie, of which, adde to as much as suffiseth: My meaning is, that it maye be in a liquide forme.

An Electuarie for the strong stopping of the liuer or the spleene, wherin there is daunger of the Dropsey, or in breeding of Cachexia, (that is) a spice of consumption: such an Electuarie (I say) is made of the powders of the Electuaries Diagalangae, Diacucumeris, Diacapparis, Dialaccae, and of conserues, which if you will commixe together, conserues of Succorie may conueniently be mixed with them. Note also that Electuaries be made of Trochiskes, or of powder of Trochiskes, hauing respect to the disease, as in a hote cause take Trochisci Diarrhodon, trochiskes of Carolus, Trochiskes of Bole armoniake, of terra sigillata (specially if we would restraine or bind) trochiskes of Carabe, if we would stoppe the fluxe of bloud. But if we would open or loosen the obstructions of the liuer or spleene, we must bring this to passe with trochiskes of Reubarbe, or of Capparis. Electuaries respecting the vertue vitall, if it be aggreaued with cold, may be made of Electuarium Diambrae, An Electuarie for the vertue vitall. Diamusci dulcis, Electuarium de Gemmis, and Aromaticum nardinum, Aromaticum muscatum, [Page 292] Aromaticum Rosatum, maior Gabrielis, Latificans Galeni or Rasis, Electuarium Concialitoris, of Alkermes confection and making. Conserues for the same intent be these, Conserues of Roses, Buglose, Borage, Anthos, barkes of Citron, ginger condite, orenges condite, and other of that sorte. If the vertue vitall be wearied, and laboureth of heate, take the Electuarie Rosatanonella, Electuarium trium Sandalorū, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, Diamargariton frigidum, and Trochiskes of Camphora, vse them often. These be the Conserues that be good, Conserues of Roses, of Violettes, of Buglosse, and of Borage, and also of Nimphaeae or Nenuphar (that is) water lillies. If the coughe be present, and if the humour conteined in the breast be hote, flowing and thinne, if you will cause it to auoide and come foorth, minister Diatragacanthum frigidum: if the humour be clammish and thicke, minister Diatragacanthum calidum, and Diaris simplex or Diairis Salomonis. And if there be suspicion of any venemous substance, then with the powders of Electuaries cold or hote, which do resist poison▪ we do commixe maces, and muske, Zedoaria, saffron, Cinamon, and Xiloaloes in cold causes. But in hote causes there may conueniently be mixed pearles, corall, chrystall, roses and Camphora. In causes mingled one with an other either hote or cold, by a certaine propertie, these doe corroborate and strengthen, and defende, pearles, seed of Citron, roote of Tormentill, Tunici, and Dictamus, the bone of the Hartes hearte one in number, or if you will weye it. ℈.j. or ʒ.ss. as in this example following against a pestilentiall feauer: ℞. the powder of the Electuarie of Diamargariton frigidum. ʒ.j.ss. or white shining pea [...]les, [...] elect and powdred in a marble mortar. ℈.j. of Camphora. G. ij. or else trochiskes of Camphora. ℈.j. or ℈.ss. the rootes of Dictamus, of Tormentill, and of Tunici, and the barkes of Citron, ana. ℈.j. of conserues of Buglosse, Borage, Nimpbeae, and Roses, take of these, one, two, or three, or all, to the quantitie of two or three drachmes: of white suger dissolued in water of Roses, or of Buglosse or Borage as much as sufficeth, make an Electuarie in Lozenges, or make a liquide Electuarie in the forme aforesaid. ℞. the three kindes of Saunders,An [...] vertue animal, in a hote cause. and Diarrhodon Abbatis, ana. ℈.j. the bone of the Hartes hearte one in number, suger Rosate tabulate, or white suger dissolued in rose water as much as suffiseth, make an Electuarie, gilte it with leaues of pure golde in weight. ℥.ss. Also there be made Electuaries laxatiue against all superfluities and diseases, that together with the purging, we maye also strengthen as in example, against longe diseases comming of Reume, or of some clammish humour breeding the coughe. ℞. Cassia that is new. ℥.ij.ss. Diacarthami. ʒ.vj. new Penidios, An Electua [...] against d [...]sea [...]es of the [...], and against the coughe. and Diairis simplex, ana. ℥.ss. of conserues of Violettes. ʒ.iij. of sweete anise powdred, and powder of liquorace, ana. ʒ.ss. sirupe of violettes as much as suffiseth: make a liquide Electuarie, in forma Opiatae. The dose is. ℥.j. or. ʒ.x. or at the most. ℥.j ss. the which may be ministred an houre or an houre and halfe, swallowing it, or he may take it foure houres before dinner, because it maye not conueniently be giuen a litle before meate, bycause of the Diacarthamum which hath Diagredium in it. Also you may dissolue it in the brothe of a chicken, or in ptysan, or in a common pectorall decoction, and make a potyon, and minister it foure or fiue houres before meate. And this note, that you must appoincte the wayes and meanes of the ministration of Physicke, according as you see the nature and condition of the sicke person. Such Electuaries which maye be brought into a powder, are made in Lozenges or Boles of laxatiue medicines that be pleasaunt in taste, the forme and fashion wherof maye be knowen in taking Diacarthamum, and Electuarium de Succo Rosarum, after which fashion you maye make other very meete and seruing for your purpose.

CAP. XIIII. Of making Conditum, and Conserua.

CONDITA be made as Electuaries be made to strengthen the might and the primitiue and worthiest membres. They rather haue respect to the substance and matter of breathing, then to the beautie and soundnesse of the flesh. But forasmuch as the weaknesse of strength, causeth sores and diseases to grow in their instrumentes, [Page 293] therefore is it ministred to them that begin to recouer and waxe strong,A Conditum to strengthen all vertues & powers. ℞. Conserua Authos (that is) of Rosemary, conserue of Borage, Buglosse, maiden heare, and Succorie, ana. ʒ.ij. the barke of citron condite. ʒ.j.ss. the powder of Electuarium plirisacroticon, the powder of Electuarium ducis, Diarrhodon abbatis, and Tria sandall, ana. ʒ.ss. the leaues of golde in nomber .vj. of white suger as much as suffiseth, make a Conditum. Of the same powders of Electuaries is made a whole and a hard Conditum, as thus: ℞. the powder of Electuarium plirisarcoticon, the powder of Dianthos, the powder of Ducis, Diarrhodon abbatis, and Tria sandali, ana. ℈.ij. conserues of Roses and Succorie, ana. ʒ.j.ss. white suger dissolued in rose water, as much as suffiseth make an Electuarie in lozenges or morsels, like vnto manus Christi. of the weight of. ʒ.ij. In like proportion may condites or Electuaries be made to strengthen all kinde of vertues: as in example. If onely the vertue vitall be weake, then take Electuaries and conserues either hote or colde, hauing respect to the vertue, according as the owne distempure or the cause of it desireth:Hote Electuaries respecting the vertues vitall. Cold Electuarie. Condites respecting the vertue vita [...]. now there followeth these hote Electuaries hauing respect to the vertue vicall: as Electuarium Diambra, Diamargariton Calidum, Diamuscum amarum, Diamuscum dulce, de Gemmis, latificans Galeni. Cold Electuaries, Electuarium Diamargariton frigidum, Diarrhodon Abbatis which is temperate, Tria sandali. Conserues respecting both the distempures (that is) hote and cold: as Conseruae Rosarum, Boraginis, Buglossae, Violarum. Cold conserues, Conseruae Nimpheae, Violarum. Hote Condita respecting the vertue vitall, as Cortex Curi conditus, which may be ministred in both causes, Confectio de Cinamoma, Confectio de Xiloalo, Confectio Alkeruces, which is common to the Physitians of Montispessulari, ginger condite, peares condite, apples condite, and so of other. Hote Electuaries for the vertue animall, be these: Plirisarcoticon, Dianthos, Hote Electuaries, for the vertue anima [...]. Hote conserues. Hote Electuaries, for the vertue naturall. Hote conserues respecting the vertue naturall. Cold [...]. Cold conserues A Condit [...]n against the hote distempre of all kindes of veines. Another for the [...] distempre. Diamuscum dulce and amarum, Mithridatum and Triacle, which be opiatoe (that is) liquid. Hote conserues respecting the vertue animall be these, Conserua Anthos, Acori, Rosarum, which is temperate, almost all Opiatae (that is) liquid thinges, as Mithridatum, Triacle, and aurea Alexandrina. Hote Electuaries for the vertue naturall be these, Diacalaminthum, Diacuminum, Diatrion pipereon, Aromaticum rosatum maioris (which Gabriell describeth) Diarrhodon Abbatis, which is temperate, and necessary in both causes, Diairis Salomonis, or simplex, Dialacea, and Diacucurma, the which are good against opilations of the liuer and against the dropsie. Hote conserues respecting mightely the vertue naturall, be these: Conserua Eringiorum, conserua Satyrij, Zinziber conditum, Cortex Citri conditus, meate of quinces condite, peares condite, and such like. Cold Electuaries, be these, Tria sandali, Diatragacanthum frigidum, Diarrhodon Abbatis, Diamargariton frigidum, Cold conserues▪ be these: Conserua Violarum, Cichoreae, Nimpheae. &c.

℞. the powder of Electuarium trium Sandolorum. ʒ.ij. the powder of Diamargariton frigidum, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, ana. ℈.ij. conserues of succorie and violettes, ana. ʒ.j.ss. white suger dissolued in water of endiue, or succorie, or roses as much as suffiseth. Make a condite in lozenges in weight. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.iij. or thus, ℞. conserues of succorie, of violettes, of Nimpheae, and of Buglosse, ana. ʒ.ij.ss. conserue of Roses. ʒ.j.ss. powder of Tria sandali, and of Diamargariton frigidum. ana. ℈.iiij. the leaues of golde .viij. numb. white suger as much as suffiseth, make a condite: the dose is one siluer sponefull. Many in these condites, where there is suspection of some venemous matter: as in pestilent feauers, or in swounding, they doe adde to, the seede of Citron, the seede of Carduus Benedictus, the roote of Dictamus and Tormentill. And for riche folke of the scraping of vnycornes horne (although there is no Authour that maketh mention of it) but onely the opinion of the common people: as in example, in the aforesaid Conditum take awaye some portion of the aforesaid Electuaries (that is to say) the third or fourthe parte, and then let it be in this order as followeth. ℞. of the seed of Carduus Benedictus, of the seede of Citron, of the roote of Dictamus and Tormentill, ana. ℈.j. or ʒ.ss. two or three of these maye be added. Furthermore Trochiskes are added to Electuaries and condites, as in example: To stoppe the fluxe take Trochiskes of Diacorallus, Diarrhodon, of Terra sigillata, of bole Armoniacke, and of Carabe. And to keepe the temperance of the hearte take Trochiskes of Camphora, of the which take as much in quantitie, as the powders of the Electuaries be, when there is no suger put into them.

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CAP. XV. Of making Pasta Regia or Mazapane.

PASTA Regia is a confection, so called by the Physitians of late time, which is specially ordeined for diseases of the breast, or to driue awaye the causes of leannes. The forme and making wherof doeth follow being verie effectuall against both the causes: (that is) the diseases of the breast, and the lounges, and against leannesse: as thus, ℞. sweete almondes blaunched. ʒ.iij. of new pines clensed, and tempered ten houres in water of scabious, or of Enula campana, or in some other meete for this purpose. ℥.ss. of Pistacium, (that is) a kind of nuttes, let them be new, clensed, and tempered one daye in some of the aforesaid waters. ℥.j. of Amylum, Diaga [...]anthum, and of gumme Arabicke, ana. ʒ.ss. of the meate of dates, proines damaske, and sebesten, and raisons, one or else more of these to the quantitie of one ounce, white suger dissolued in well water, or in rose water, or in water of Enula, as much as suffiseth, make a Tasia Regia, and cut it in fashion like a wafer, or else make it in litle gobbettes. Also sometime the great colde seades (the barkes being picked of) are put into them.

CAP. XVI. Of making a Lohoch or Ecligma.

A LOHOCH or Ecligma is a medicine that must not be eaten or chewed, but it must melte in the mouth, and distill downe to the stomache by litle and litle. It is good against diseases of the breast & the lounges, (as is) Dispneas, Apneas, shorte and hard breathinges, sighinges, and coaghes whether it commeth by heaping of matter together, or by falling downe of some moist substance (as be cat [...]rres,A Lohoch against [...]eume congealed together, cl [...] mish, hard, & thicke. and reumes, which chaunce oftentimes.) ℞. Electuarium Diairis Salomonis, and Diairis simplex, ana. ʒ.vj. Lohoch de Pino. ℥.j. conserue of Enula Campana. ℥.ss. oxymel Scilliticum, as much as suffiseth. Make a Lohoch and let the sicke vse it with a liquorace sticke, licking or swallowing a litle at once. If there be greater neede of detersion and scouring, then there is of incision and cutting, you must augment and increase the quantitie of the scouring receiptes, and in stead of oxymel Scilliticum put to sirupe of liquorace, or of Horehound called Prassium, or of iuiubes, or else of hysope, many doe thinke sirupe of Hisope to be abstersiue, onely for the saying of Auicene, which (Mesue declareth) is vnlike to be true. Lohoch Compositum, Lohoch de Pino, Lohoch de caulibus sanum and expertum, Lohoch de Scilla, these may conueniently be ministred by them selues. But when a feauer is present (as in the Plurisie) then to auoide and bring out from the breast, the materiall cause that floweth, and partely for the matter that is already flowen, we maye make a Lohoch after this sorte and fashion. ℞. Electuarium Diatragacanthi frigidi. ʒ.x. new penidies,A Lohoch in the beginning of the [...] where the matter floweth. and white pilles, ana. ʒ.iij. sirupe of violettes, or of Iniubes, or of both as much as suffiseth, make a Lohoch and vse it with a liquorace sticke, swallowing it by litle and litle. If the ma [...]ter be partely flowed, and partely flowing, you shall make a Lohoch to correct both after this fashion, R Electuarium Diairis simplex. ℥.j. Diatragacanthum frigidum. ʒ.vj. new Penidies. ℥.iij. sirupe of Iniubes, or Isope, euen as you thinke good, the more to enforce the matter now flowed or flowing: & make a Lohoch. A Lohoch also may be made against defluxions and flowinges of humours that be hote, and sharpe, or gnawing, causing the coughe: that the heate and gnawing of the humour may be stopped, and also that the thinnesse and subtilitie therof may be made thicke and grosse, and the partes to which the fluxe commeth being subiect and obedient, they may be made safe from any nocument or hurte (as in example,) ℞. Electuarium Diatragacanthi frigidi. ℥.j. bole Armoniacke washed in rose water. ʒ.ij. Trochiskes of Terrae sigillata. ℈.ij. sirupe of poppy as much as suffiseth and make a Lohoch. In the steede of Diatragacanthum maye be taken Diapapauer, or of eache a like quantitie. [Page 295] Also Trochiskes of Carabe in the which is put some opium, may be added to them, if there be no cause that opium be suspected to do hurte. These Lohoches are giuen against the Ptysicke in the houre of sleepe, Electuarium Diapapaueris, Lohot of Popie. All the pilles of Mesue for this vse against diseases of Catarre and Reume, may be mixed and giuen the same houres, and for the same intent.

CAP. XVII. Of making Balneum and Semicupium.

BALNEVM is a baine: the vse wherof was common and often among olde practitioners, but now it is rare & seeldome, and not at all vsed almost, except it be in certaine diseases, as in an vniuersall goute, in the palsie and in consuming feauers. But against the goute and the palsey naturall baines are conuenient, in the which, although there be pennurie and lacke of thinges, yet we may make thinges artificially, and cunningly, prepared, with boiling together in water, hearbes, rootes, seedes, flours, and also many mettalles, as it shall seeme requisite for the disease. But Semicupium, which in Latine is called Insessum, is a particular bathe, which is applied for paines of the nefresie, for the cholicke, and for the iliacke, so that they come not by reason of an impostume. It is profitable against diseases of the belly and wombe, for it is a conuenient aide and defence to prouoke menstruis, and to amende the distempre of the wombe. Now followeth the forme of a Semicupium,The forme of Semicupium. when we would in the Nefreticke disease, haue the poores and passages of the body e [...]larged and made softe and plyaunt, and also to cease the paine, as thus, ℞. the rootes of Alt [...]aea. ℥.iiij. the leaues of Maluae, Bismaluae, and Parietarie, the flours of cammomill, and melilote, the toppes of dill, ana. M.ij. of origan, calamint, betonie, and sothernwood, ana. M.j. seedes of flaxe and fennell, ana. ℥.ij. of leane branne. p.iiij. put all these in a litle bagge, and make a boiling in sufficient water, for a Semicupium. Note also that one that hath the N [...]fresie may enter a Bathe before he hath receiued a Clister. If the paine of the cholicke or the Nefresie seeme to come of much ventositie, or of a cold humour, which seemeth to haue neede of calefaction, and attenuacion or thinnesse with incision and cutting,Al [...]ud Semicupium. make a Semicupium thus, ℞. origan, calaminte, toppes of dill, and of cammomill, ana. M.iiij. fenugreeke, carawayes, anise and fennell, ana. ℥.ij. laurell bearies. ℥.ss. And if there be moe sicknesses and causes wrapped in with the aforesaid griefes, you may adde to such medicines as be meete for your purpose, as if there be neede of mollifying and making softe, the leaues of Maluae, Bismaluae, Parietarie and violettes, will worke that effect. If you iudge it necessarie to make incision, or to open the poores and passages of the body, adde to, of the roote of spinache, bruscus and Apium, knitte them in a litle bagge and seeth them for a Semicupium. Likewise to prouoke menstruis, make Insessus or Semicupia, putting in medicines meete and apte to prouoke menstruis, as Muggworte, Sauien, Horehounde, nex, cypresse, and iunipper bearies, of all these there may be put in. M.ij.

CAP. XVIII. Of Epithema or Fotus.

EPITHEMA is a medicine ordeined, to laye to the hearte or liuer to coole it: and Fotus is a medicine nourishing or keeping warme. They are made for many intentes and purposes, but chiefly to correct the hote distempure of the liuer, the make wherof is this, as ensueth, ℞. the waters of endiue, succory, roses,Epitheme. and petymorrell and night shade, ana. ℥.iij. of vineger. ℥.j. the powder of Electuarium tria sandali. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.j.ss. mixe them for an Epitheme of the liuer with a felte, or a peece of linnen or wollen clothe, or a sponge, infused in the aforesaid licour, and laid against the liuer before meate an houre or an houre and halfe. Also there is made for the same purpose the like decoction of [Page 296] the herbes, as is of the aforesaid waters. If there be stoppinges of the liuer, together with his hote distempure, make an Epitheme after this sorte, ℞. succorie booth the roote and the herbe, young set endiue, a grimony (which is) eupatorie, ana. M.j. flours of succorie. p.j. the foure great cold seades, and litle cold seade, ana. ℥.ss. of cypresse. ʒ.ij. of lupines. ʒ.iij. all the saunders, ana. ʒ.j. of squinaunt. ʒ.ss. the toppes of warmewood. M.ss. make a litle bagge, and boile it in foure partes of water, and one of wine, and a litle vineger, with one onely great heate in an earthen vessell, and make a fomentacion in the maner aforesaid. Such an Epitheme is very good for diseases depending vpon opilation or stopping, and misfortune comming by opilation and stopping, as is a fluxe, and for him that is diseased in the liuer, and for those diseases for the most parte which come and goe by courses. Also it is good against consumptions, which cause distempres and stoppinges of the liuer. Moreouer against the beginninges of knobbes and kernells, to which (if they be come foorth) there must be applied mollificatiues, and thinges that do loosen and vnbinde. Also there be Epithemes that be made for many purposes of the stomache: First to strengthen the stomache that it receiue not the superfluities comming from other places, and then the Epitheme is made of stipticke thinges: Secondly to correct and amende the distempure of the stomache: And thirdly they serue to cease the paines, that are caused by the nature and condition of that griefe: ministring duely to the contrarietie of the matter, as the cause shall require. The making of the first intent, that the stomache may be deliuered from flowinges of humours to it, and may be preserued safely, that it shall not suffer inflammacion, or course of euill humours. ℞. red roses. p.ij. of Arnoglossa and plantine. ana. M.ss. the toppes of wormewood. M.j. the third parte, all the saunders, ana. ʒ ij. red corall. ʒ.iij. put all these into a litle bagge, and make a decoction in sufficient quantitie of water, with a litle vineger, to which may be added a litle rennish wine and make a fomentacion. Corall (although it be Achymum) yet it is not put into the decoction without great cause, for it profiteth naturally against all diseases of the stomache, and therefore it ought rather to be beaten into powder. Epithemes for all other intentes and purposes may be described by particular and proper medicines, after the forme of the late described Epitheme. There be Epithemes good for the stomache made of oile, as oile of roses, cammonill, wormewood, masticke and mirtles. Note that in all Epithemes, for what intent soeuer they be ministred, you must mixe some thing with them that may preserue and keepe the essence and strength of the member, that the Epitheme is laid to, as Galene commandeth and teacheth in many places, to be obserued and done likewise in medicines taken inwardly. But Epithema and Fotus be all one, yet some do make a difference, saying that Epithema is onely that, which is made of distilled waters, and powders mixed together: and Fotus is a more generall thing, which is made of the decoction of any kind of herbes and rootes.

CAP. XIX. Of making Sacculus.

SACCVLVS, videlicet, a litle bagge. It is ministred for the same causes that Fotus be vsed for. It is made of herbes, flours, seades and other such like thinges. They be laid to, either drie, or else weat in some liquor. The drie be chiefly made of seedes and herbes: the weat must first be pressed, before it be laid to the place. ℞. milij vstulati. p.iiij. of orobum, A drie bagge against the windy cholick or Timpanites. (which some thincke to be tares) and of leane branne, ana. p.ij. flours of Cammomill, and toppes of dill, ana. p.j. of commin and carawaye, ana. ℥.ij. of laurell bearies. ℥.iij. make therof two litle bagges, and sew them in, into two linnen clothes of a competent biggnesse, and bast them throughly. Let them be so bigge, that they may couer the belly, and let one after another be laid hote to the belly againe and againe. Now followeth the forme of a moist bagge for the digesting,A moist bagge mollifying, and dissoluing of raw humours as thus: ℞. the flours of Cammomill. p.ij. the toppes of dill, melilote, and origan, ana. p.j. fenugreeke and flaxe seede, ana. ℥.j. the leaues of maluae, bismaluae, and violettes, ana. M.ss. make a litle bagge, or make two bagges, & boile them in water or in cowes milke, [Page 297] and of the decoction make a fomentacion with a sponge, or a felte, or wollen clothes, or two bagges, let them be laid to the greiued places one after another. According to this forme, you may make and apply bagges, partly of thinges that can mollifie and partly of thinges that can remoue and discusse, and laye them to kdubbes, karnells, and hardnesse in the flesh. But if the person be strong, take other remollitiues, or discussiues, euen as you shall finde the matter, that causeth the hardnesse, to require.

CAP. XX. Of making Scutum.

SCVTVM in English is a target or buckler. Scuta are ministred to the stomache, and made for the same causes that ointmentes and Epithemes be. They are often made of the drie powder of medicines, to correcte some distempre of the stomache, and to adde strength to it. Furthermore they serue in the steed of ointmentes or emplaistres, when the patientes do refuse and abhorre them for their tediousnesse.A Scutum against [...] distemp [...]re [...]f the [...] with [...] and [...] substance. ℞. mintes, maioram and wormewood dried, ana. p.j. or ʒ.j.ss. of cloues, galingale, and Xiloaloës, ana. ℈.ij. of commin and red corall, ana. ʒ.j. make a powder, wherwith make a Scutum with a litle cotton, sewed in betwene two litle clothes with stichinges betwene and bands as it ought to be, let it be bound to the stomache. Powders to Scutum ought not to be past an ounce and a halfe at the most, many times. ℥.j. or ʒ.vj. is enough.

CAP. XXI. Of making a Cataplasme.

CATAPLASMA is a plaister, &c. Cataplasmata be made of herbes, rootes, seedes, and meale sodden in water or milke, with some greace or oile added to them as the matter requireth. Cataplasmata be made for diuerse intentes, sometime to cease paines, sometime to resolue and vnbind, sometime to make ripe, sometime to mollifie or make softe, sometime to consume, and sometime to drie vp humours and vapours. In commixed affectes and causes, diuerse intentes and purposes are mixed together in Cataplasma, as remollitiues with discussiues, and discussiues with such thinges as cease paine, as the examples following shall declare. And first of the forme of a cataplasme for the cure of Oedema, (which is a botche of fleugmaticke matter, or an impostume without griefe,) in the which euill it is necessary to haue remollition with discussion, or (as they say) resoluing, loosening and ceasing of paine, as thus, ℞. the leaues of maluae, bismaluae, and violettes, ana. M.j. or M.ss. the roote of Althaea, the roote of white lillies, and the roote of ireos (that is) flour de luce, ana. ℥.ss. or ℥.j. flours of cammomill, melilote, & toppes of dill, ana. p.j. seed of flaxe, and of fenugreeke, (or rather) meale of flaxe seed, meale of fenugreeke, and meale of barley, ana. ℥.ss. or ℥.j. or you may measure it by litle handfulls, comin. ʒ.j. laurell bearies. ʒ.ij. saffron. ℈.j. or ʒ.ss. of duckes greace, goose greace, the marow of calues shanckes, fresh butter, oile of lillies, and oile of ireos, ana. as much as suffiseth: make a Cataplasme. In this plaistre are conteined three intentes and purposes (that is) mollifying, dissoluing, and ceasing of paine, as may be knowen by the matters conteined in it. The quantitie of mollificatiues ought to be most, if there be greatest neede of mollifying, and the quantitie of dissolvers ought to be most, if there neede to be great dissoluing, & so likewise of ceasing of paine. Therefore in the beginning of Oedema, is also in the beginning of euery abscession or course of ill humours, you must commixe together with mollificatiues some repercussiue remedy, wherwith the member may be comforted. In the beginning of the augmenting, take most remollitiues, and fewest discussiues. In the ende of the augmenting and state of the disease, take of both a like much. In the declination, take and applie onely dissoluers, and looseners. In the making of this present plaistre, you must put into it no stipticke thing: but if you do put in any, put it in at the beginning of the flowing of the humour. But what medicines [Page 298] they be that haue stipticke vertue, and which do comfort the member, and also which do mollifie, and dissolue, you must seeke them in the tables of Authours, as Arnoldus, and Sauanorolla, and such like. Also there be plaisters made without oile or greace, as is that common thing of crummes of bread steiped in cowes milke, and a litle sodden together, with whites of egges, oftentimes mixed with a litle of saffron, as x. or xij. chiues. And this Cataplasme we often vse for the cure of the goute.

CAP. XXII. Of making Emplastrum.

EMPLAISTRES are ordeined and made fot diuerse purposes, and the making of them is common as well to Physitians as Chyrurgians. They are made of gummes, oiles, greace, and drie medicines, commixed with some sufficient quantitie of waxe, or without waxe, if that the materialls can thicken, and gather together of them selues. Emplaistres are applied to all partes of the body, but chiefly to the stomache, for the same cause that ointmentes, Cataplasmes, and Scuta are ordeined. Now followeth the forme of an Emplaistre for the stomache when it is afflicted with a cold distempure, by reason of the flowing of some cold substance, as thus. ℞. Ceratum stomachi canfortati [...]i Galeni. ℥.ij. of galingale, cloues, and red corall, ana. ʒ.ss. of waxe dissolued, brayed all together, in a mortar with oile of masticke, or of wormewood, as much as suffiseth. Commixe them and make a Plaistre spread vpon leather like a buckler with a double linnen cloth, well stitched and basted as it ought to be. Also an Emplaistre may be made of simples for the aforesaid intentes, in this maner, ℞. pure Lapdanum. ʒ.vj. masticke. ʒ.ij. franckensence. ʒ.j. coriander preparate, red corall, dry mintes and galingale ana. ℈.ij Xilo aloes, and macies, ana. ʒ.ss. turpentine. ʒ.ij. waxe dissolued with oile of spikenard, or wormewood, or masticke, or roses, or of two or three of these, as much as suffiseth. Make it in a lumpe together, spread it vpon leather, and make it like a Scutum of double linnen with stiches and bandes, and laye it to the stomache as it is requisite. Warne the Apothecarie to dissolue the gummes with wine and oile, afterward let him commixe the reste without the vse of any fire. Ceratum stomachi confortatiuum Galeni is made of roses, wormewood, masticke, spicknard, waxe and oile of roses. In hote causes and cholericke vomittes, you may likewise make Scuta of cold simples, as is, mirtles, coriander, corall, masticke, which is temperate, Psidiae, balaustia, also oiles, as of roses, mirtles, quinces,A plaistre for the hote distempre of the liuer. and of masticke. There are made Emplaistres for the liuer, for the alaying of euery distempore of it, to loosen the obstructions therof, and to strengthen it also, as in this example following, ℞ Ceratum sandalinum. ℥.ij. meate of quinces. ℥.j. of masticke. ℥.ss. of corall. ʒ.j. of waxe dissolued with oile of roses as much as suffiseth. Make it in a lumpe, and spread it vpon leather, like a moone when shee is beginning to encrease, with a double linnen clothe, and with bandes, as it ought to be, and applie it to the liuer. Emplaisters also are made to cease paines, and partly to ripen Apostemes, and partly to resolue them, as in example, ℞. Muscilaginis of the seede of Althaea, fenugreeke, and seede of flaxe, ana. ℥.iij. barley meale. ℥.iiij. oile of white lillies, and the fatnesse of a henne, ana. ℥.ij.ss. butter. ℥.j. saffron. ℈.j. the whites of egges in number .ij. boile the Muscilagines with a softe fire, and with the meale, and put in the whites of egges id the ende. It doeth soften and ripen all Apostemes congealed of a hote and cold matter, and it ceaseth their paine, in what parte soeuer of the body they be resident. If you will appropriate this Emplaistre to all kindes of cold Apostemes, then adde to it, Ammoniacum, Bdellum, storax liquida, ana. ℥.j. and it will worke a maruellous and profitable effect.

CAP. XXIII. Of making Vnguenta.

[Page 299] VNGVENTA in English, ointmentes: And those which pertaine vnto Physitians, are made to lenifie and asswage paine, to represent, shew, and assigne alteration and chaunging, to mollifie and dissolue knobbes and kernells, specially in the liuer, in the spleene, and in the stomache. The vertue of ointments for other purposes and for other members belongeth to Surgerie, the forme and making wherof is to be sought out of the Antidotaries.An ointment for the stomache. The forme of an ointment to mitigate the paine of the stomache caused of cold, or by the presence of some such like substance, is in this maner, ℞. oile of mastie, spicke, and wormewood, ana. ℥.ss. cloues, Xilo aloes, maces, and Calamus Aromaticus, ana. ℈.j. gallia muschata. ʒ.j. or ʒ.j.ss. if he be riche, because of the dearenesse therof, of new waxe as much as sufficeth, make an ointmēt for the stomache, and a Scutum with cotton, and with bandes, as it ought to be, and laye it vpon the stomache after the annointing. But to cease the paine in the stomache comming of a hote cause,Aliud. as of the flowing of choler, which often chaunceth in feuers, vse this ointment, ℞. oile of roses. ℥.j. oile of mirtles or else of quinces. ℥.ss. white saunders, and red, ana. ℈.ij. or ℈.ss. new waxe washed in endiue water, or in rose water, as much as suffiseth, and make an ointment for the stomache. Also make a Scutum of cotton, and apply it to the stomache after the annointing. In ointmentes we do not exceed or passe the quantitie of. ℥.j. It is also to be noted that some do wash oiles with the iuice or the water of the distillation of cold herbes in a hote cause, or in hote iuices, in a cold cause or disease. Moreouer note, that many doe thinke, that there should be no ointment nor cerote applied to the stomache without galingale, neither to the hearte without mace or saffron, neither to the braine without Spica Arabica, nor to the liuer without Spodium, or saunders, or wormewood, or other such like thinges, thinking verily, the nature of the member to be preserued with restrainers, but yet not alwayes in the afore named medicines. For that law and methode is to be kept in all causes of contrariety, which should be broken in medicines, if galingale were added to the aforesaid medicine, because galingale is hote. For truely the nature of the stomache is strengthened sufficiently by the commixing together or stipticke thinges which are put into the aforesaid ointment, because truely they be temperate in heat, as it appeareth by their nature. Now followeth an ointmēt very profitable for hardnesse and knobbes of the liuer or spleene, wherwith these two members are most in danger, in this forme, ℞. the rootes of Althaea, and the rootes of white lillies,Vnguentum. ana. ℥.j. leaues of Maluae, Bismaluae, & violettes, ana. M.j. of the flours of cammomill, melilote, and the toppes of dill, ana. M.ss. meale of fenugreeke, and meale of flaxe seed, ana. ℥.j. gumme Ammoniaci, called Serapini. ℥.j. Bdellum that is soft and whitish. ℥.ss. turpentine. ʒ.iij. gumme of pine tree. ℥.ss. Storax liquida. ʒ.ij. or ʒ.iij. the marow of calues or heartes shankes, if you can get it, hennes greace, and duckes greace, oiles of sweet almondes & of ireos, ana. ℥ j.ss. or ana. as much as suffiseth. Dissolue the gummes with wine and a litle vineger, and to the aforesaid oiles adde to new waxe as much as suffiseth, then afterward take the said greaces and powders, or meales, or herbes first sodden and brayed, and mixe them altogether, and make an ointment: in this said ointment there be moe thinges that do mollifie, then there be that dissolue, because the matter of scirrhous knubbes doth chiefly require the same. If you will minister the aforesaid ointmēt for the hardnesse of the liuer, you may adde to it of the braunches of wormewood, of roses, of squinance, or of spicknard to preserue the strength and nature of the member. If you will minister it to the spleene, you may mixh with it some Tamariscus barke, the roote of caparres, or such like. If you minister to the hardnesse of the stomache, adde to wormewood, red roses, Calamus aromaticus, mintes and galingale.

CAP. XXIIII. Of making a Liniment.

LINIMENTVM is an ointment that is softe and liquid, which hath in it litle waxe or none at all. It is also made for the same vse that ointmentes be made for. The forme of a Liniment to cease paine, (as in the Pleurisie) is after this maner, ℞. oile of cammomill, and capons greace, ana. ℥.ss. fresh new butter without salte. ʒ ij. a litle waxe washed, and make a Linimente.

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CAP. XXV. Of making Frontale.

FRONTALE or Splenium be plaistres made to apply to the forehead, either to cease paine in the foreparte of the head, or to cause and prouoke sleepe, or to cease paine in the head caused of a hote distempre, as it oftentimes chaunceth in feauers. Against cold causes make a Frontale (as Galene teacheth) of red roses steiped and sooked in vineger, laid betwene two linnen clothes of three fingers breath, and in length from one eare to another, or make it for the same intent, after this fashion, ℞. red roses. p.j.ss. flours of water lillies and violettes, ana. p.j. betonie, and melilote, ana. p.ss. put all betwene two fine linnen clothes, (if the patient be riche) or betwene two course linnen clothes, if he be poore: and make a Frontale well sewed (as it ought to be) for the forehead and the temples if you will prouoke sleepe, adde to the aforesaid Frontale, the leaues of lettuse, or of new white poppie, or of mandragoras in the places and times, that you may haue it, but there is but small store of these cold thinges. At all times you may put in the seedes of white poppie, or the barkes of the heades of white poppie, or lettuse seede, or henbane seede▪ as in example, ℞. flours of water lillies, violettes, and melilote, ana. p.j. flours of lettuce, or white poppie, ana. the third parte of M.j. or of eche of them. M.ss. seede of white poppie. ʒ.ij. lettuce seed, dill seed, and white henbane seed, ana. ʒ.ss. bray all together, and make a Frontale betwene the course or fine linnen clothes well sewed and baasted in right order. To the former Frontale melilote and dill sead is added to comforte the braine, that it be not hurte with cold thinges. In the diseases called Coephalalgiae comming of a cold cause, make Frontalia, of hote hearbes and flours, as sage, rosmary, cammomill, betony, briony, mellilote and such like. Frontalia, before they be laid to the forehead, are wonte to haue some licour powred vpon them, or to be ayered with some vapour, as in example, ℞. the waters of roses, betony and bawme, ana. ℥.j. of vineger. ℥.ss. commixe them, and of the aforesaid waters, poure a litle portion vpon a burning tyle, or some such like thing, and hold the aforesaid Frontale ouer the steeme and smoke of the said waters. The foreheard is oftentimes annointed with many ointmentes seruing for the same vse and purpose, that Frontalia do serue for, as in a hote cause, vnguentum populeon, rubea trochiscata dissolued in water, very meete for this purpose, and yet it is seeldome in vse with them at Paris. Many Physitians in the olde time, in a cold cause did annoint with Mithridatum, and Aurea Alexandrina, and such like. In all causes (sayeth Galene, 12. lib. Therapeutices) you may conueniently annoint with Oxyrhodinum, which is made of oile of roses, and sixe times so much vineger, as in example: ℞ oile of roses. ℥.j. vineger. ʒ.ij. commixe them, stirring them in a plate, or else thus in hoter causes, whenas without foresight the frenesie will breed, then we commixe cold thinges, as thus, ℞ oile of roses. ℥.j. oile of nenuphar. ℥.ss. oile of popie. ʒ.iij. iuice of Solatrum, or lettuse, or white poppie, water of roses and of vineger, ana. ℥.ss. commixe them together, stirring them very longe in some peece of plate: and annoint the fore parte of the head therwith, yea all the head, if there be inflammacion of the braine.

CAP. XXVI. Of making Cucufa, and Semicucufa.

CVCVFA is made for the cure of the euill called Coephalalgia, which is a paine in the head comming of cold, and many times also to stoppe reume, as in example, ℞. Sampsucus, (that is) marioram, rosemary, stechados both, of Araby, and yeallow, ana. p.j. of red roses. p.j.ss. dry cytron barkes, graines of Alkermes, ana. ʒ.iij. macis, long pepper, quybibes and cloues, ana. ʒ.ss. Make a powder, and make a Cucufa, betwene two fine linnen clothes, with a litle cotton baasted betwene, or with flaxe, or scarlet scraped, and giue it according to the measure. And if the paine lyeth most in the fore parte of the head, put most of the powders or spices in that place: likewise if it be in the hinder parte, do so also, and if the Cephalagia be [Page 301] in all partes of the head, then commixe them equally. But it is called Semicucufa, when we prouide but for one parte of the head. If we will stoppe reumes, then we mixe with it stipticke thinges, or we make a Cucufa only of stipticke thinges, either cold or hote as the cause requireth. Therfore we make a cucufa with milium burned, or not burned, mirtles, cipresse nuttes, and sandaracha (commonly called vernice) vdz, yealow oker, the barke of franckensence, and such like stipticke thinges.

CAP. XXVII. Of making Suffitus.

SVFFITVS (in English a perfuming) is made of dry thinges to stoppe distillations which fall from the braine into the lower partes, and it is made of restraigning medicines, as thus for example, ℞. redde roses. p.j. masticke. ℥.ss. vernic [...]s, that is yealow oker. ℥.j. mixe them and make a perfuming for the head, or thus, ℞. Milium. p.j. red roses, p.ss. of vernice and Olibanum, ana. ℥.ss. Commixe them and make a perfume for the head. Note that when the distillation falleth to the lounges, and therof commeth spittell, then take no perfume by the mouth, because it shorteneth the breath, and letteth the spitting, and maketh the humours grosse and thicke: but you must perfume the couering of the head, or else perfume some woll, and applie it to the head.

CAP. XXVIII. Of making a Collirium.

COLLIRIVM is a medicine, that is ministred in a liquide forme to heale the [...]yes Wherefore, because there be diuerse euills in the Eyes, the Colleries are made of diuerse fashions: for you must vse one kind in the beginning of Ophth [...]lmia: another in the state or it, and another in the declination therof as it is also commonly vsed in the inflammations of other membres. Therefore in the beginning you must make it of cold and stipticke repercussiues, as the whites of eggges, the sappe of quince seed, and Psyllium, and other thinges of the like vertue: minister them alone, or else let them be first dissolued with conuenient waters, and afterward applied, as in this example following: ℞. the white of one egge,A Collirium in the beginn [...]ng [...] Ophthalmia. and stirre it with rose water, or plantaine water, or with water of bawme, or with all these waters, make a Coll [...]rie, and put it into the eye that is pained. Or thus: ℞. the sappe of quince seed drawen out with plantaine water, or rose water. ℥.j. and mixe them with the white of an egge, and stirre it a long time with a spater, and make a Collirium. But if there be no paine nor rednesse in the eyes, but a certaine vncleannesse which ought to be dried vp, then it is good to make Colliries of Tuttie preparate, and of Aloes washed, and of Lapis calaminaris, and other such like thinges, which ought to be taken with some conuenient licour, (except it rather liketh you better) to put into the Eye the powders of them: for so they drye vp, and wipe awaye the filthinesse the cleaner.

CAP. XXIX. Of making Nasale or Erthinum.

NASALE and Erthinum be medicines which be cast into the Nose for many causes and intentes, as to stoppe bleeding at the nose, to prouoke sneesinges, to cause child birth, or to bring foorth the Secundine which is reteined within after the birthe, and furthermore it purgeth the braine. It may be made many wayes, as in drye powders,A Nasale to [...] bleeding at the Nose. which must be snufted or blowen vp into the Nose, or it maye be made liquide, and then you must annoint the nosethrills within, or you may make it whole and hard, and then it must be put vp into [Page 302] the Nose. ℞. the heares that be in a Hares bellie. p.ss. the saweduste, or moosynes of willow. p.ss. bole armoniacke and Sanguis Draconis powdred, ana. ʒ.j. cut the heares very small and mixe them all together, and blowe them vp into the Nose, or dissolue them all with some stipticke water, or with the iuice of some hearbe, or with the white of an egge, and adde to them also (if you please) Balaustia, or the rindes of pomegranats, or Acacia, all powdred, and with a linnen clothe make a Nasale, and dippe it in the aforesaid medicines, and put it into the Nose. Sneesinges are prouoked by drye powders, snufted or blowen into the Nose,A Nasale to prouoke sneesing. which be sharpe and byting, as be these, pepper, pellitorie▪ stauisacre, and roote of flour deluce powdred. You may commixe the said thinges with some licour, and annoint the nosethrilles, or take clothe or silke wounde vp together, and dippe it in the aforesaid licour, and put it into one nosethrill, or into both.

CAP. XXX. Of making Apophlegmatismus.

APOPHLEGMATISMVS is a medicine which causeth one to vomit vp fleume: it prouoketh reume out of the braine into the mouthe, and it is good to purge the braine. Masticke is commonly vsed in this case, which being longe holden in the mouthe and chewed, it bringeth foorth reume and fleume. Also Sage [...]eaues holden in the mouth doeth likewise purge reume by the mouth. Also make Noduli of Pellitorie, pepper, stouisacre, roote of Ireos, and Panax, and hold them in the mouthe. Furthermore make gargarismes of the same medicines. Also there are ointmentes made of the same thinges, wherwith the roufe of the mouthe must be annointed, for they by reason of their heate and tartenesse, do draw fleume and reume into the mouthe.

CAP. XXXI. Of making Distillations Restoratiue.

DISTILLATIONS be made to sustaine strength and mighte, when the sicke is so weake, that he cannot digest any hard nourishment. Distillations ar of a mixed kinde, (that is to saye) they are partely food, and partely medicines. They are made for many intentes and purposes: for some be made to restraine, as in the fluxe of the bellie, some to alter or chaunge, as when they are ministred for feauers to refrigerate, or in cold diseases to make hote, and some doe resist poyson and malignant humours,A distillation restoratiue restreining. as in pestilent feauers, and they are made after this maner. ℞. conserues of succorie, of roses, of Simphytum (that is) cumfrey, of Cornelus, of Miua, and of quinces, ana. ℥.ij. powder of Electuaries, Diarrhodon Abbatis, and Tria Sandalt, ana. ʒ.ij. trochiskes of Carabe, of Berberies, and of Terra sigillata, ana. ℥.ss. of red corall, & Lapis hematidis, ana. ʒ.j. water of the decoction of one capon or of two, altered with plantaine, knot grasse, moley [...]e, lettuce, seed of Berberies, Sumaach, and Omphacium, lb.vi [...]j. put all together in a Limbecke with the flesh of two chickens, or of two partriches, or of two turtle doues, or of one capon, or of moe of these, and with the crummes of one white loafe, or of two wette in rose water,Another. and make a distillation in balneo Mariae with a softe fire. ℞. of the aforesaid distillation. lb.ss. iuice of pomegranates. ℥.j. or ℥.j.ss. suger roset. ℥.ij. cinnamon elect. ʒ. straine them (as Hypocrates teacheth) through a sleaue, and let the sicke vse it euery houre. But if you will made a distillation to haue a cooling vertue, alwayes obserue the same order and portion that is spoken of before,A distillation restoratiue cooling. and for the restraigning conserues, adde to such as doe coole, as conserues of water lillies, of violettes, of roses, succorie, and bawme, and likewise cold Electuaries. as Diamargariton frigidum, and Trochiskes of Camphora, also alter the decoction of the flesh with lettuce,Against malignant and pestilent feauers. sorrell, purcelaine, scarioll, and such like. Moreouer you shall make a distillation restoratiue against malignant and pestilent feauers in this sorte. ℞. Conserues of violettes, water lillies, bawme, borage, and buglosse, ana. ʒ.ij. [Page 303] barke of citron condite. ℥.j. roote of Dictamus and Tormentill, roote of Angelica, and roote of gentian, ana. ℥.ss. powder of Electuarium Diamargariton frigidum, all the Saunders, bole Armoniacke, trochiskes of Camphora, wood of Aloës, ana. ℥.ij. scraping of yuorie, and hartes horne, maces, cinnamon, cloues, and seede of Cardus Benedictus, ana. ℥.j. of olde Triacle. ʒ.iij. the water of the decoction of two chickens, or of capons altered with sorrell, scabious lettuce, borage, buglosse, quar. iij. put all together in a glassen Limbecke, with the flesh of some thinges, and with the crummes of two white loaues infused in white wine, and make a distillation with a lente and softe fier, in conuenient order as is requisite,Another. or thus. ℞. of the afosesaid distillation. lb.ss. Syrupus de acetositate Citri. ℥.ij. commixe them together, and let the sicke vse it euery houre.

Finis Libri Sexti.

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Author: Barrough, Philip, fl. 1590.1583

The first Chapter, Of headache.

CAP. II. Of headache caused of heat.

CAP. III. Of headache caused of colde.

CAP. IIII. Of headache caused by drynes or moisture.

CAP. V. Of headache caused of bloud.

CAP. VI. Of headache caused of choler.

CAP. VII. Of headache caused of fleume.

CAP. VIII. Of headache caused of windynes.

CAP. IX. Of headache caused of the stomake.

CAP. X. Of headache caused by dronkennesse.

CAP XI. Of headache caused by feuers.

CAP. XII. Of inueterate headache.

CAP. XIII. Of the Migrime.

CAP. XIIII. Of Vertigo and swemming in the head.

CAP. XV. Of the frenisie.

CAP. XVI. Of the Lethargie.

CAP. XVII. Of Memory lost.

CAP. XVIII. Of Carus or Subeth.

CAP. XIX. Of Congelation or taking.

CAP. XX. Of dead sleep.

CAP. XXI. Of the Apoplexy.

CAP. XXII. Of the Palseye.

CAP. XXIII. Of Palsey in one member.

CAP. XXIIII. Of the falling sicknes. DE EPILEPSIA.

CAP. XXV. Of the Crampe. DE CONVVLSIONE.

CAP. XXVI. Of the Mare. DE INCVBONE.

CAP. XXVII. Of Madnes. DE INSANIA ET FVRORE.

CAP. XXVIII. Of Melancholie. DE MELANCHOLIA.

CAP. XXIX. Of trembling and shaking. DE TREMORE.

CAP. XXX.

CAP. XXXI. Of a Cataract.

CAP. XXXII. Of the three kindes of Cataractes vncurable.

CAP. XXXIII. Of diseases which chaunce to the eyes, by bloud, choler, fleume, or melancholy, and of their cures.

CAP. XXXIIII. Of Pannicles.

CAP. XXXV. Of the maladies in the eye proceeding of choler.

CAP. XXXVI. Of the infirmities of the eye caused of Melancholy.

CAP. XXXVII. Of diseases happening to the eye by outward causes, as by blowes, with stickes, staues, or stones.

CAP. XXXVIII. Of diseases which come by skipping in of stones or chippes by chaunce into the eyes.

CAP. XXXIX. Of paine in the eares. DE AVRIƲM DOLORE.

CAP. XXXIX. Of sound or noise in the Eares. DE SONITV AƲRIƲM.

CAP XL. Of Deafnes, and slowe hearing. SVRDITAS, ET GRAVIS AVDITVS.

CAP. XLI. Of Jmpostumes breeding in the eares. DE PAROTIDIBVS.

CAP. XLII. Of vlcers in the nose. DE OZAENIS.

CAP. XLIII. Of bleeding at the nose. DE SANGVINIS EX NARIBVS PROFLVƲIO.

CAP. XLIIII. Of distillation, reume, and hoarcenes DE DISTILLATIONE, GRAVEDINE, ET RAVCITATE.

CAP. XLV. Of pain in the teeth. DE DENTIVM DOLORE.

CAP. XLVI. Of teeth that be blacke and loose. DE DENTIBVS DENIGRATIS, LIVENTIBVSQVE ET MOLLIBƲS.

CAP XLVII. Of vlcers in the mouthe. DE APHTHIS.

CAP. XLVIII. Of a stinking mouth. DE FOETORE ORIS.

CAP I. Against the inflammation of the Columella. DE COLVMELLAE INFLAMMATIONE.

CAP. II. Of a loose Columella DE LAXATA COLVMELLA.

CAP III Of inflammacion of the tonsilles DE T0NSILLARVM INFLAMMATIONE.

CAP. IIII. Of malignant vlcers of the tonsilles. DE SERPENTIBVS ET MALIGNIS TONSILLA­RƲM VLCERIBVS.

CAP. V. Of the Squinnancie. DE ANGINA.

CAP VI Of the coughe. DE TVSSI.

CAP. VII. Of the Asthma. DE ASTHMATE.

CAP. VIII. Of the Plurisie. DE PLEVRITIDE.

CAP. IX. Of the inflammation of the Lunges. DE PERIPNEVMONIA.

CAP. X. Of spitting bloud. DE SANGVINIS REIECTATIONE.

CAP. XI. Of spitting of matter. DE EMPYEMATE.

CAP. XII. Of the Ptisicke. DE TABE.

CAP. XIII. Of panting of the hart. DE CORDIS PALPITATIONE.

CAP XIIII. Of swounding. DE SINCOPE.

CAP. XV. Of lacke of milke. DE LACTIS DEFECTV.

CAP. XVI. Of aboundance of milke. DE LACTIS REDVNDANTIA.

CAP XVII. Of milke that is curded. DE LACTE IN GRVMOS CONVERSO.

CAP. XVIII. Of inflammacion of the pappes. DE INFLAMMATIONE MAMMARVM.

CAP I. Of weaknes of the stomake. DE IMBECILLITATE ƲENTRICVLI.

CAP II. Of yealking and vomiting. DE NAVSEA ET VOMITV.

CAP III. Of immoderate thirst. DE SITI IMMENSA:

CAP. IIII. Of payne in the stomache. DE DOLORE STOMACHI.

CAP. V. Of inflammation of the stomach. DE INFLAMMATIONE VENTRICVLI.

CAP VI. Of abhorring of meate. DE CIBI FASTIDIO.

CAP. VII. Of a doglike appetite. DE APPETENTIA CANINA.

CAP VIII. Of great famine. DE BVLIMO.

CAP IX. Of euill digestion. DE CRVDITATE.

CAP. X. Of windinesse of the stomach. DE INFLATIONE VENTRICVLI.

CAP. XI. Of yelking or hicket. DE SINGVLTƲ.

CAP. XII. Of Choler. DE CHOLERA.

CAP. IIII. Of malignant vlcers of the tonsilles. DE SERPENTIBVS ET MALIGNIS TONSILLARƲM VLCERIBVS.