¶ The verbe preſonal and hys nominatyfor vocatyf caſe muſt agree in two accidentes. Noumbre & perſon. as Ego amo. O virgili ama

Here is to be noted that if I ſhal make an englyſſhe in latyn. I muſtre herſe it tyll I haue it perfytly & ſee how many verbes be in the ſame reaſon. and yf ther be put one. he is the principal verbe thēne muſt I put before hym thys queſtyon who or what. & that worde that anſwereth to the queſtyon. ſhal be the nominatif or vocatyf to the v er be. as the mayſter techeth this worde techeth is the verbe who. or what techeth the mayſter. this worde mayſter. here anſwereth to this queſtyon. and therfore it ſhal be nominatyf caſe as magiſter docet. And lyke wyſe of the vocatyfe. as Virgyll loue. Virgili ama

¶ If onythynge cometh after the v er be I muſt put before the verbe thys queſtyon. whom or what. and that worde anſwereth to thys q̄ſtion whom or what ſhal be the accuſatyf caſe mooſte commenly as The mayſter techet me. whom or what doth he thechet? me. this worde me. anſwereth to this queſtion. whō or what. and therfore it ſhalbe the accuſatif caſe to the verbe. as magiſter docet me. Virgyll loue God. Virgili ama deum.

But and yf the worde that foloweth the v er be may conueniently anſwere to thys queſtyon of whom. or of what. it ſhal be put in the ablatyf caſe wyth one of theſe prepoſicyons A. ab. abs. De. E. Ex. as I am bete of the mayſtre. Vapulo a preceptore

Two noīatyf caſes ſinguler with a coniunctiō coputlatyf &c. wyll haue a verbe plurel al way. Excepte the reaſon be figuratyf. vt planiꝰ poſt pacebit. as Iohannes I Robertus currunt.

One nominatyf caſe ſinguler wyth an ablatyf ca ſe hauynge this prepoſicyon Cum. bytwyxt them if they be coupled to ſome ſentence. be of the ſame ſtrenghte. as Petrus cum Paulo coronabuntur in celis Oratores cum poeta loquuntur

A nowne of multitude in the nomīatif caſe ſinguler is of the ſame ſtrenght. as Turba ſtrauerunt veſtimenta ſua in via

When I haue two noīatifes caſes one of the fyrſt ꝑſon & an other of the ſecound. elſe of the thyrde the v er be ſhal alway acce • de with the nominatyf caſe of the firſt perſon. as Ego & tu ſumus. Viretego ſtan • us

Alſo if I haue a noīatif caſe of the ſecounde ꝑſone & an other of the thyrde the verbe ſhal accorde with ye nominatyf caſe of the ſecounde. and not of the thyrde as Tu & frater tuus eſtis diſcipuli.

The adiectyf & the ſubſtātyf muſt agree in. iij. acci dentes. gēdre. noūbre. & caſe. as vir doctus legit

Here is to be noted that two ſubſtātyues ſinguler with a coniunctyon copulatyf comynge bytwene. or elſe hauynge this p̄poſicion cū wyll haue an adic • tyf plurel. as Iohānes & robertus ſedent ſcribentes. Petrus cum paulo ſunt • oromandi in celo.

¶ And whan I haue two ſubſtantyues cominge togydre one of the maſculyne gendre. and an other of the feminyn. or of the neuter ioyned with an adiectyf than ſhal the adiectyf agre wyth the ſubſtantif of the maſculyne in gendre. and lyke wyſe it is bytwyxt the feminyne and the neutre. as Ego & ſoror me a ſumus albi. ſoror tua & iumentum eſtis pulchre For lyke as the fyrſt perſone is more worthy then the ſecounde. or the third. ſo is the maſculine more worthy then the feminyn or the neutre

Alſo whē ſo euer I haue a nowne or a pronowne adiectyf. I muſt put to thys queſtyon. who. whome. or what. after hym. & then alway the worde that anſwere the. ſhal be the ſubſtātyf. as moch breede much what breede. my gowne. my what gowne

¶ If the adiectyf be a partitiple. thys queſtyō muſte goo byfore. as growynge trees. who or what growen trees.

Here is generally to be noted that all wordes that ſtande as one perſone. muſte euer be put in one caſe and al that be in une caſe. ſtande as one ꝑſone. Ther fore it is comynly ſayde. that all yt longeth to one thynge ſhal be put in one caſe. as My fader a man loueth me a chylde. Pater meus vir. diligit me puerū. My moder a wooman loueth me a chylde. Mater mea mulier diligit me puerum

The thyrde is bytwyxt the relatyf of ſubſtaunce, and his antecedēt. the which muſte euer agree in. iij. accidentes Gendre. noumbre. and perſone. howe be it he may diſcorde wyth the verbe ſomtyme in perſo ne. as Equus quem video currit

Here is to be vnderſtande that there be two maner of relatyues. One of ſubſtaunce. And one of accydence. The relatyf of ſubſtaunce requireth a ſubſtā tyf for his antecedentes. as Qui. Ille. Ipſe. Sui. Is. and Idem. The relatyf of accidence reherſeth an adiectyf for hys antecedent. as Talis. Qualis. Tantus. Quantus.

Alſo whan I haue a relatyf of ſubſtaunce. I ſhal put after hym this queſtion who. whom. or what. & that worde that anſwereth to this queſtion ſhall be ye anteredent to the relatyf. as Virgyll is dede ye whych was a poete. The which what. Virgyll. Thys word Virgyll anſwereth to the queſtyon. and therfore it is hys antecedent

This relatyf Quiis knowē by theſe ſignes. that who me. or the which

Whan ther cometh a nomiatyf caſe bitwyxt the relatif and hys next verbe. than ſhal the relatif be ſuche caſe as the verbe wylle haue after hym as Ego quem p • eceptor docet aduerto.

And whanne noo nominatyf caſe. & cetera. The relatyf ſhal be the nominatyf caſe to the v er be as Ego qui ſedeo ſcribo

It is to be noted alſo. that the relatyfe may agree wyth hys antecedent in .iiij. Gēdre. Caſe. Noumbre and perſone. as Homo monetur. Idē homo currit

(Whan hys worde that comythe in a reaſon if I may put thys englyſſh the whyce in hys place it ſhall be made by thys relatyf Qui if not ſo that it reporte ony thynge a fore ſayde byſom pronoune relatyfe, if hyt betokyng ſchewyne by Ille. illa. illud. Or ſome other pronownes demonſtratiues. and whanne it be tokeneth a thynge. as willed to be done by. Vt and a thynge as tellynge the cauſe by ꝙ or quia or other caſuall coniunctions

Coniunctions copulatyries and diſiunctyues dubitatyue and interrogatyues wyl ioyne comonly lyke Caſe. Gendre. Noumbre. Mode. and Tens

Alſo two antecedentys ſinguler with an E • coniunction copulatyf comynge bitwene. will haue a relatyf plurel. as Iohannes & Robertꝰ quos ego docui non diſcunt delige •• er

Whāne I haue a relatyf comynge bitwene two ſubſtanyues of dyuerſe gendres longyng both to one thynge. If the ſubſtantyf that foloweth be appelatyf. thenne the relatyf may accorde wyth eyther of theym indifferently. as in Gendre. as Eo Oxoniam. que vel qui eſt locus ſtudendi.

But and if the ſubſtantyf that foloweth be a now ne propre. the relatyf ſhall accorde wyth the latter alway in gendre. as Eſt locus incarcere quod tul • ia • ū appellatur

Whāne there be many verbes in a reaſon. euer more the fyrſt verbe ſhalbe the princypall verbe Excepte he come ſone aft er one of theſe ſignes That whome. or the whyche. or ony of theſe. If. But. whenne. after that. before that. although. Sith. Excepte or other lyke. Or elſe after ony of theſe latyn wordes. Si quam uis. &ce. Or elſe after ony of theſe ſignes To. or To be as To loue. or to be loued

¶ Here is to be noted. that where as manye verbys be in a reaſon. that verbe is princypalle that ma keth the reaſon perſyte

Alſo where as be many verbys. one verbe at the leſt wyſe cometh bytwyxt the forſade ſignes. and the principalle verbe. as the boke that I begynne to write yf it were ended ſhulde profyte chyldre muche. Liber quem incipio ſcribere. ſi perfieretur multum pro deſſet pueris

A pronowne relatyf may nat be ſett in that ſame rea ſon. that his antecedente is in. But euermore he maketh a reaſon imperfyte in hymſelfe

¶ A pronowne relatyf maybe ſett in one reaſon with his antecedent. as Patrem ſequitur ſua proles. Sua cui que ſatis placebant. dominum 〈◊〉 dabunt

A▪ nominatyf elſe a vocatyf may nat ſtonde with oute a verbe finite ſet oute. or vnderſtonde

Nor lyke wyſe a verbe finite wythout a nomina tif or vocatyf caſe

A verbe is called finite in al modes. Excepte the ī finityf. Alſo euery Infinityf mode may haue an accu ſatif caſe ſet byfore hym expreſſyd or vnderſtonde. as for ſuch maner of ſpech. Cui nunc cognomeē Iulo. Is more after vſe than crafte

Nor an aduerbe may nat ſtonde wythout a verbe. Not a coniuncuō wyth oute two clauſes. and two verbes ſet ou • e. as Ego lego. & tu legis. Or vnderſtō de. as Lego virgilium & ciceronem for lego virgilium & lego ciceronem

Nor two clauſes. or two verbes withoute a cōiū ctyon. Excepte that one be an Infinityf mode, or elſe ioyned with a relatyf

Nor a prepoſicyon without a caſe. Not an adiectyf without a ſubſtantyf. Nor a relatyfe withoute ſome worde reherſed. of ye reaſon afore. the which may be called the antecedent

Not a relatif without a verbe diuerſe from the v er be of the antecedent. yf the relatyf be a nowne

Whan wordes muſt be conſtrued togydre betokenynge thynges that be as one perſone. they muſt agree in as many accydentes as they may

A perſone is called in gramer. the beer. the doer. the ſufferer. the hauer. the thynge that is had. that. yt groweth to. as auauntage.. or hurt. angre. or pleſure. Alſo pryce. tyme. inſtrumente. & other lyke

Accidentes I calle. Caſe. Gendre. Noūbre Perſone. Mode. & Tens. &c

This infinityf mode Eſſe. when he cometh after ony of theſe v er bes. Volo ſoleo. cupio. incipio. diſco. or ony other lyke ſtandynge perſonally wyll haue after hym a nominatyf caſe. after the uſe of greekes what ſo euer be vnderſtond afore. as Volo eſſe rex. Soleo eſſe amicus. Cupio eſſe doctus. Diſco eſſe pater. &c.

But and if the verbe that cometh afore eſſe be imperſonall. the worde that foloweth ſhall ſomtyme be the datyue caſe. Licet mihi eſſe bono. Placet tibi eſſe regi

¶The wythſpe kynge though it be approued by the vſe of Greekes. and latyns. yit it is nat after the crafte

Nownes of the cōparatyue degre wil haue after theym an ablatif caſe, whā this ſigne than. foloweth theym. as I am wyſer than theſe Sum doctior ijs. And a genityf whan this ſigne of foloweth theim. as This is the wyſer of yout •• yne. Hic eſt doctior veſtrum duorum

The ſuperlatyue wyl haue a genityf plurell of all wordes. excepte the nowne of multitude. of whome he is contente. wyth a genityf caſe ſinguler. as Virgilius erat doctiſſimus poetarum. Troiane gentis fortiſſimus erat Hector

Euerry verbe is conſtrued with caſe after his ſignificacyon. Therfore if it be nat englyſſhed after hys conſtructyon. it is nat englyſſhed after his ſignificacyon Wherfore theſe verbes Noceo and placeo. and ſuch other the wyth haue after theym adatyue caſe. muſt haue theſe englyſſhes I do greue. I do pleſure. and contrary wyſe • edo and offendo. I hurte and offende rather than I do hurte. or offence. and lyke wyſe in one verbe. as Vaco tibi. I take hede to the.Vaco doctrine. I lacke konnynge But where it is harde to englyſſh theym after their conſtructyon. We muſte go as nygh as we may, and for their conſtruction to be knowen ſay generally that all verbes actyues. deponentes and communes may haue after theym an accuſatyf caſe. or ſomwhat ſette in the ſtede of it. as Amo Loquor Veneror orationē. Amo legere. Cupio vt legas. & ſo they haue the nature of actyues.

(Al verbes may haue after theym a da • yf caſe to the thynge the which is gyuynge. ſendinge. vauntage. or damage. or ſuch other lyke. of the ſame ſtrēgthe be all verbes that be token proferrynge or comparyſon. as Homo preſtat homini

Euery v er be adiectif that hath no paſſif ſigne with his englyſſh. may haue after hym an accuſatif caſe. of a worde that is of the ſame ſignificacyō. or elſe that meſureth his ſignificacyon. and ſo is as an actyf. as Curro curſum. or ſtadium. or multum. Viuo vitam infelicem

Euery verbe may haue after hym an ablatyf caſe that ſtandeth as pryce. dotynge. or armare

And generally of all verbes that be as inſtrumēt as Emi equum centum nummis. Induo te tunica Percuſſus pugione

Oute of this rule be excepte adiectiues of vncertē pryce the which ſhal euer be put in the genitif caſe ſinguler. & neutre gendre ſubſtantyuate if they be with ſubſtantyues. as Magni iutereſt. parui conſtat

But and if the ſubſtantyf be expreſt. they ſhal both be put in the ablatif as Penus emitur magno p • ecio vel multa pecunia

To theſe be reduced verbes be tokenynge. lacking as Careo Vaco

Alſo ſuch verbes Exulo. Spolio. Nubo. Priuo Alſo verbes be tokenyng inouynge wyl haue after them the firſt ſupine. or elſe the gerundiue in dū with this prepoſicion ad. as. Eo cubitum. vel ad cubandū

And where this generall rule wil nat ſatiſfye. we muſt ſay ſpecially. that ſome verbes wyll haue after them a genityf caſe. as In •••• lo. accuſo. 〈◊〉 recordor. potior. and miſereor. Some wyth the ablatyf 〈…〉 paſſiue wyth the accuſatyf. as Grauor. doceor. poſtulor. To theſe be reduced two particyples. Exoſus. and perceſus. as Exoſus contubernium. perteſus ignauiam

¶Whan ſo euer I haue in a reaſon a Nowne. or a pronowne ſubſtantyf. With a nowne. pronowne. or particyple adiectyf comynge togedre wythout ani verbe or other worde of whome they may be gouerned. they ſhal be put in the ablatyf caſe. whiche is called the ablatyf caſe inconſequente If there come a nominatyf caſe with his verbe hangynge other byfore or after. as Ceſar reynynge. Virgyll was borne. Ceſare regnante. Virgilius natus eſt. vel natus erat.

¶This caſe is called abſolute or inconſequente by cauſe that he is lowſed from de power of all gouernaunce, and ſtondeth in a reaſon. as the maiſter techy • ge. the ſcolers muſte take hede. Docente preceptore diſcipulos oportet anim •• •• uertere.

I beynge dede. thou ſalt lacke helpe. Mortuo me indige his aurilio

The ablatyf inconſequent may be expowned. or be • lared by theſe aduerbes. Dum. quum. or quādo. and ſuch tenſes of the verbys. as the particyples be. whan I haue a particyple in the ſayde ablatif caſe, as pre •• eptore diſco vel diſcebant. i. Dum. quū or quando pre • eptor docet vel docebat.

More ouer whenſoeuer I haue in a reaſon any ſuche ſigne. whyles Allonge as after that. if. although notwythſtādynge. 〈…〉 turne ye nexte verbe into a particyple & ſette hym ī ablatyf caſe inconſequēte in cōformite of caſe gēdre. and noūbre to the woode yt ſemeth to be the noīatyf caſe to the ſayde verbe of whyles I lyue. thou cāſte lacke no thynge Dū ego viuo. vel me viuente pote ſt •• bi nihil de eſſe Preſtis after theyr materes be ſayde hye them ſylfe to maſſe Sacerdotes dictis prius matutinis. parant ſeſe ad miſſā. Firſte ſerue thy maker whan them haſt doo ſo go aboute other thynges. Primum ſerui creatori. quo facto. alias res mundanas age

Theſe thre verbes Deſino deſinis. Ceſſo ceſſas. & Deſiſto deſiſtis haue alone englyſſh anglice to Leue Ceſſe or Let be

But Deſino deſinis. wyl haue after hym a genityf or an ablatif caſe wyth a prepoſycion of the thynge yt we bydde to be lefte. as Leue thy playnge. Deſine ludi vel a ludo

Ceſſo ceſſas. wyl haue an accuſatyf caſe. or elſe an ablatyf wyth a prepoūcyon indifferētly. as Ceſſe thy vengeance. Ceſſa vindictā tuā vela vindicta tu •

Deſiſto deſiſtis wyl haue an ablatyf caſe wyth a prepoſicyō. as Excepte you leue youre malice I wyll ſlee you. Niſi deſiſtatis a malicia. interficiam vos

This verbe Super ſedes. anglice. to leue of 〈◊〉 haue after hym a datyf caſe. vt inquit. Aulus gelius. Exemplis ſuperſedes I leue of examples

Abſtineo. es. anglice. to be abſteyne. with ho ••• or for bere. as metes drynckes. or delectatiōs may haue after hym a genityf or an ablatyf caſe wyth a p̄poſicyon. wythoute of the thynge yt we kepe our ſilfe fro. as we muſt forbere fleſſh ye frydayes. Sextis ferijs carniū carnibꝰ. vel a carnibꝰ abſtinere debemꝰ. But there is comēly expreſt or vnderſtōde ye accuſatyf reciprocatiue. as Debemus abſtinere nos a carnibꝰ.

Other while he is thus englyſſhed to holde or kepe And thēne he hath an accuſatyfe or an ablatyfe with a prepoſicyō expreſt or vnderſtōde. And ſo wyl Contineo. as kepe thy honde oute of ye dyſſhe. Abſtine • manū a diſco. I kepe my fyfte from his cheke. Contineo pugnū a mala. The ••••• ꝰ. Non manū abſtines maſtigia. Idē. Vix me contineo quin in capillium in volē

Theſe. iij. verbes egeo. indigeo. careo. hath alway one englyſſhe. anglice to lacke. wāt. myſſe. neede. ha ue myſſe. or haue neede

But Egeo & indigeo may haue in differently a genityf or a ablatyf with a prepoſicyō of the thynge yt is away or myſte. as Egeo vel indigeo ſalutis vel ſalute And cared euer more an ablatyf. as cares by • eto. thei hath other caſes of anti qui te. But it is nat after crafte.

Theſe. ij. v er bes Deſum. & Deficio. be of the ſame englyſſh. But they wyl haue a noīatyfe caſe of thynge that is away or myſt And a datyf of the ꝑſon yt nedeth or lacketh. as in pſalmo. Nihil mihi deerit. Deficiunt mihi pecunie

Theſe. ij. v er bes 〈◊〉 Abundo as. anglice 〈◊〉 haue plentye or ynough haue a noīatif of the lordre or poſſeſſor. an ablatyf of the thynge yt is had. as Rex. afflicit diuina. anglia abundat m •••• bus Elſe a noiatyf of thynge that is had & a datyf of the Lordre. or poſſeſſor. as Diuitie affluunt regi Milites abundāt anglie

Dominor aris. anglice to haue lordſhyppe to gouerne. to haue power. or to be owner of. & Miſereor reris. anglice to haue pyte or mercy. may haue after them indifferently a genityf or a datyf. as Pater meꝰ dn̄abitur multarū terrarii. vel multis terris. Deꝰ miſereatur noſtri vel nobis

All verbes that betoken accuſynge. reprouyng. Damnynge. moniſſhynge. or warnynge. as Arguo Moneo. Accuſo. Damno Reprehendo. & other lyke may gouerne after the man accuſatyf of the perſone & a genityf elſe an ablatyf wyth a prepoſycyon of the faute or vyce. as Preceptor arguit diſcipulos tardi ad uentus. velde tardo aduen ••••

All v er bes yt betoken remembryng. or forgetynge. as Obliuiſcor Reminiſtor. & Recordor may gouerne after them a genityf. an accuſatif. or an ablatif with a p̄poſicion. as I thynge upon thy gētlenes. Record or tue humanitatis. veltuā humanitatē. vel de tua humanitate

Theſe. ij. v er bes prius as. & ſpolio as anglice. to rob be. ſteele. or to take away. wyl haue an accuſatyf of ye owner. & an ablatyf wythoute a p̄poſition of thinge taken away. as Iohannes priuauit me cultello. And their paſſyues alway wyth an abla • yf of the thynge takē away. as Priuorquin que libris. Spolior diutijs.

All paſſyues hath before them a nominatyf of ye ſuffrer. and a ablatyf with a prepoſicyon of the doer. And ſomtyme a datyf. in the whyche is vnderſtonde an ablatyf. as Darippa amat •• ame. vel mihi. They may haue alſo all ſuch caſes as theyr • wordd • actyues. as Arguor abs • e mei tardi aduentus. velde meo tardo aduentu.

There four verbes. Aufero aufers. Rapio rapis Eripio eripis. & Adimo adimis. anglice to Robbe. ſtele. or to take away. And generally all verbes that betoken diminucyon or takyng fro. gouerne an accuſatyf of the thynge ſtolen. and a datyf elſe an ablatyf wyth a prepoſicyon of the owner. as Latrd aufert pecunia mihi. vel a me. Eripuit argentum tibi. vel ate. Rapiam face migni. del abigne. Mors adimit vitam nobis vela nobis

Theſe. ij. v er bes Benedico. anglice to bliſſe. & Maledico to curſe. gouerne after them indifferētly a dafif elſe an accuſatyf of the ſufferer. as benedico tibi vel te

¶ The ſcripture is ful of ſuche examples

But Benedico anglice. ſaye wele of. & maledico to ſaye yll of. wil ſomtyme haue an accuſatif of the lawde. & an ablatyf with a p̄poſicyō of the perſon. as Pater multa bene dicit 〈◊〉 . Onmes bene dicunt de te.

But whēne I ſhal make anyſuche englyſſhe I am bounde to blyſſe my fadre. Thou ſhalt blyſſe me. or any other lyke I may muche bettre make thē by Opto as. p̄cor aris. Execro as. deuoueo es. Imp̄cor aris & ſuche other lyke with bene or male. ioyned to them as. Diſcipuli habēt bene dicere nō male dicere p̄ceptori Scolers ought to ſay wel & natyll by their mayſter Habeo bene optare p̄ceptori. vel habeo bene precari magiſtro. & tu habes imprecari illi

Cōſulo is. anglice to aſke con̄ſcil. is a v er be actyfe. & may gouerue an accuſatyf of the ꝑſon yt I aſke of. & a genityf or elſe an ablatyf with ap̄poſicyō of ye thynge that I coūseil for. as Cōſulo te remedij. vlde remedio Cōſulo is. anglice to geue coūseil. is ſometyme a verbe neutre I wyl haue a datyf of the ꝑſon yt I geue coū ſeil to, as Medici cōſulunt mihi. He is alſo in this ſignificacyō ſomtyme a v er be aftyf. I wyl haue after hym an accuſatyf of thyng yt I geue coūſeil for. & a datyf of the perſone. as Conſulo commodum tibi.

Conſulo is. anglice to ſee to. or prouide. or to helpe is alway a verbe neutre. I hath after hym a datyf caſe only. as Helpe me in this mater Conſule mihi in hac re. See to thy ſone. Conſule filio tuo

Thys v er be Sum es fui. whā he betokeneth the cō mendacyon or diſprayſynge. may haue after he 〈◊〉 a genityf or an ablatyf caſe of the lawde or reproue. vt Virgo eſt pulchre venuſtatis. Vir forti animo. Whē this englyſſh for may be chaunged in to this worde to It is alway the ſigne of the datyf caſe. vt. Lac eſt bonū pueris

Valeo es. anglice to be worth. & Cōſto as. anglice to coſte. whā they be token certeyn pryce. gouerue after them an ablatyf caſe of the word that betokeneth pryce. as Liberineꝰ cōſtabat viginti denarijs. Equꝰ tuus valer centum ſolidis

But when they betokē vncerten price. they gouerue a genitif caſe. as liber meꝰ cōſtabat pluris quam valet Equus tuꝰ multi valet. Cit ur Quod mihi conſtat pluris quam ſi in foro emiſſem Somtyme he is put for this verbe Scitur or Patet. & then he gouerneht a datyfe caſe alſo. as Thys is open or knowen to euery body. Hoc cōſtat oībus. & ſomtyme he is laten to coſte vts̄.

Alſo after Gwarrē. he is englyſſhed ſomtyme to ſtande togydre. as Saluſtius ſaith. Multitudinē ꝓcul hoſtiū cōſtare viderunt. alſo for Cōuenire anglice to agre to or agre with. vt Citer Adhuc que dicta ſunt arbitror mihi conſtare cum ceteris artuū ſcriptoribꝰ Alſo for manifeſtum eſſe. anglice to to be open or knowen. as Citer. Hoc mihi at que asuerſarius conſtat. Alſo for Conſiſtere et firmum eſſe. as Conſtat pedibꝰ conſtat animo. conſtat mente

Somtyme he is taken for thys verbe. Eſt Fio. or cō ſtruor. and then he is conſtrued wyth an ablatyue ca ſe with a p̄poſicyon. as Domus cōſtat ex tecto pariete & fundamento. i. Eſt Fit vel Conſtruitur Qua •• u or ſunt elementa ex quibus omnia conſtant

Theſe. ij. v er bes Attineo & Pertineo. anglice to ꝑtetne. or longe to. haue after them alway an accuſatyfe with this p̄poſicyon ad. as Cōperiebam nihil ad Pā philū quic que attinere. Hec res pertinet ad te.

¶ Tis v er be ſpecto. is of the ſame cōſtructyon. vt Hoc ad ꝑtes ſpectat. filij ꝓbe educantur

Illudo is. anglice to mocke. or to laugh to ſkorne. may gouerne after hym a datif an accuſatif. or an ablatyf wyth this prepoſicyon in as. Certant que illudere capto. Verbis virtutem illude ſuperbis Therentius in Audria. In quibus ſic illudatis

Theſe. iij. v er bes Metuo. Timeo. & Vereor. anglice to fere. whā they betoken loue or fauoure they gouerne after theym a datyf caſe. as Timeo vel metuo mihi ne moriar But when they betokē hatered. thei muſte haue after them an accuſatyf caſe or elſe an ablatyf wyth oone of theſe. vi. prepoſicyons. A. ab. abs De. E. Ex. vt Timeo vel metuo te vel abste. ne per cucias me. Vereo & dyabolū. vel a dyabolo. The rēctꝰ in Andria. Ego non nihil veritus ſum daue abs te ¶ Alſo alle verbes that betoken feere. haue the ſame ſtrenght. as Paueo. Formido. and other lyke

(Theſe. ij. verbes Fugio is. and Caueo es. anglice to flee. or to be ware. to Eſchewe or auoyde. gouerne after them an accuſatyf. or elſe an ablatyf with a p̄ poſicyon. as Fuge vel caue equū vel ab • quo

Moreouer this v er be Caueo When he betokeneth loue or fauoure. Wyll nede haue after hym a datyfe caſe. as Caue capitine hoc frangatur ictu

This verbe Abrenuntio. anglice to forſake. gouerneth after hym a datyf caſe. as Abrenuntio ſa • hane

Here is to be noted. that whā the v er be of Subſtā ce gouerned after hym a nomīatyf caſe with a datyf. than may ye ſayd noīatyf be put in to the datif. & ſo he may gouerne a double datyf. as Mors eſt mihi cura Et mors eſt mihi cure. & mihi vita pudor Sic eſt mihi vita pudori.

All the compoundes as Sum es fui. may gouerue after them a datif caſe. as ꝓſum tibi. deſum inimici

Moreouer this verbe Inſumes. beſyde his datyf may haue an ablatyf wyth thys prepoſicyon In. as Ineſt mihi. vel in me maxima virtus. Tibi vel in te magnum in eſt vicium. Inſum etiam in temporibus hyems. eſtas. ver. autumnus

Al the verbes in theſe verſes folowyng gouerne after them a datyf caſe. as. Obuio tibi. parco pueris. placeo regi. noceo mihi. &c.

¶ Oduio. parco. placet. noceo. • aco. ſupplico ſcruit

Subuenit. officio ſuccurit propirior que

Sufficit aſpiro. valedico. gra ••• or. aſtat

Inſideor pa • eo. minde ac obtempero. fido

Obſtat obedit. eis fauer. heret. proficit addas

Congruo. compacior. confert. ſuccedit, adulor

Occureit. reſtat. & cedo quando locumdat

Whanne ſoeuer I haue afore ony of theſe forſayde verbes ony of theſe ſygnes. am. art. Is. was. were or be. That that ſemeth to be the nominatyf caſe. ſhal be the datyf & the thyng that doth the dede. ſhal be the ablatyf wyth a prepoſicyon. as I am ſerued of my ſonne. Mihi ſeruitur a filio meo. The kynge is pleſed of his ſubgettis. Regi placetur a ſtus ſubditis.

All theſe v er bes folowyng in theſe verſes. may gouerne after theyn a double accuſatif caſe. as Poſtulo te veniā. Doceo te grāmaticam The latter accuſatyf of whom may be gouerned of theyr paſſyues. as Poſtulor veniā. Doceor grāmaticam. Verſus

Poſtulo. poſco. peto. doceo. rogo. flagito. celo

Exuo cum veſtit. monet. induo. calceo. cingo

Oro. petunt quartū ſimul ac interrogo binum

But theſe v er bes poſtulo. poſoo. peto. rogo. flagito oro & interrogo. anglice to aſke or deſyre. & al other lyke. may muche better gouerne an accuſa tyf caſe of ye thynge yaſked on deſyred and an ablatif wyth one of theſe forſayde▪ vi. p̄poſicyons of the perſon that we aſke or deſyre ought of. as Poſtulo veniam abste

Theſe. v. v er bes Exulo Veſtio Induo Calcio & •• go. & all lyke. may muche bettre & eleganter gouerne an accuſatyf of the body. & an ablatyf wythoute a prepoſicyon. of the garmēt. or of the thynge yworne. as Exuo me tunica. I doo of my cote Paulꝰ in epiſtolis. Accinxit lumbos ſuos fortitudine

And the paſſyues of the forſayde. v. v er bes may gouerne elegantly an ablatyf caſe without a p̄poſicion. as Exuor tunica. In pſalmo. Accīgere gladio tuo ſuper femur tuum potētiſſime

This verbe celo as anglice to couer or to hide coū ſeil may gouerne by ſyde his ſtrenghte an accuſatyf caſe. of the thyng that is couered or hidde & a datyf of the ꝑſon yt is ignorant. as Celo meū conſiliū tibi. Or elſe hee may haue an accuſatyf of ye thynge that is couered or hidde. & an ablatif caſe with a p̄poſicyon of ye perſon that is ignorant. as Celo meū conſilium a te

Theſe v er be folowynge in this v er ſe wyll gouerne an ablatyf caſe wythoute appoſiciō as veſcor ſolo pane

Veſcitur & fruitur. vtor. fungor que potitur

Veſcor ris. caret preteritis & ſupinis. anglice to ete Fruor ris. fruitꝰ vel fretus. anglice to vſe at oure pleaſure. or to do after Vtor eris. anglice to vſe or to occupy. as thynges neceſſary Potior eris. veliris. anglice to occupy as pleaſure or delyte

Fungor ris. anglice to doo oure offyce or dewey

Al may gouerne after them al ſuch caſes. as doth the v er bes yt they come of as Doceo grāmaticam. vel ſum doceus grāmaticā. Loquor tibi. velſum locutꝰ tibi. Diſco Virgiliū & venigracia diſcendi Virgiliū. Audio miſſam & vado auditum miſſam

Whan this englyſſhe ſigne. ye. foloweth an adiectyf. nowne. particyple. or elſe a v er be paſſyf or neutre. & cometh before the ꝑte of a bodi. the ꝑte of ye body mai be put in ye accuſatyfcaſe wythout a p̄poſicyō by this fygure Synodoche. as Hec eſt virgo vetuſt a faciē Frater meꝰ eſt lotꝰ tybiā Doleo caput. frāgor brachiū

Moreouer al nownes adiectiues. yt may gouerne an accuſatif caſe by ye forſayde ſigne. may gouerne an ablatyf by ye ſame ſtrenght vt Hec eſt virgo venuſta faciē vel facie. Vir fortis brachiſi vel braachio Tu es hilaris vultiū vel vultu.

This cōiunceyon quam . anglice than. cauſeth the wordes that be cōpared. to be of one caſe. as I loue brede bettre than cheſe. Amo panē plus quam caſeū. I loue thy mayſter better thā thou. Diligo preceptorem melius quam tu?

Theſe. ij. cōiunctyōs Niſi & p̄ter quam . anglice but. ſa ue or excepte. cauſeth ye ſubſtātyf of the ſigne vniuerſalis. & the worde yt is excepte to be of one caſe as Ois hō p̄ter quam ſimō currit. Video oēm hoīem p̄ter quam ſimonē currere. Nemo diſcit niſi ego. Neminē videtis diſcere niſi me

Al theſe adiectyues be called ſignes vniuerſales Omnis. quiuis. quilibet. quiſ que . vnuſquiſ que . quicū que . & vter que . anglice Eche or euery. & Nullius. neuter. anglice. notre or neuer one. Alſo Nihil & nemo. be ſignes vniuerſales ſubſtātyfes

This nowne Opus anglice for neede. vndeclined wyl haue after hym an ablatyf caſe of the thinge that Incede of. as Habeo opus pecunijs

All wordes yt be tokē Fulnes & emtynes. may haue after them a genityf or an ablatyf caſe. as Maria eſt plena gracie vel gr̄a. Tues vacuꝰ virtutis. vel virtute

Alſo al nownes that betokeneth worthynes & vnworthynes. be of the ſame ſtrēgt. as S • um dignꝰ landis vel laude. Indignus honoris vel honore.

Al nowns that betoken plentefulnes or pouerte be of the ſame ſtrenght. as Sum diues auri. vel auro Tues impotens ſanitari vel ſanitate.

¶ Whēne there cometh an nowne ſubſtātyf with the token of the genityf caſe ſcz scilicet of. whyche ſubſtantyf hath an adiectyf ioyned to hym betokenyng prayſinge. or diſprayſing. thēne ſet them bothe in the genityf caſe or ablatyf. whiche is more elegāte. And this may be after a nowne ſubſtātyl. a pronowne demōſtratif & after Sum es. fui. as Vidi mulierem nigri faciei vl nigra facie. Sum elegātis forme. vel eleganti forma Ille preſſorum narium. vel preſſis naribus eſt inimicus patris mei

Theſe nownes Similis & diſſimilis may haue after them a genityf or a datyf. as. Sum ſimilis tui vel tibi

Al nownes that betoken Tyme may be put indifferently in the accuſatyf or ablatyf caſe Excepte they be the nominatyf caſe to the verbe or other wyſe gouuerned as in example folowe The rētius in eunucho Dies nocteſ que me ames. tercentū vixerat annis and other while in the genityf caſe. as Sum decem & ſeptem annorum.

Al wordes that betoken Lenghte. brede. or ſpace may be put in the ablatyfcaſe. Hec virga eſt decē pedibus lōga. Hec ſcola eſt tribꝰ vlnis lata. Diſtant Lō donie ab oxonia quinq̄ginta paſſum.

And alſo in the accuſatyf. vt O • idiꝰ Mi • ia quor •• es diſtat ab vibe decē. Erāt eis iacula q̄tern • s longa pedes

The Infinitif mode takē in the neutre gendre & in declynable. may be the nomīatyf caſe to a v er be ſomtyme ſett alone. ſomtyme ioyned with other wordes. & ſo may ſomtyme a hole ſentence be. as in theſe exam ples. It is gode to rede. what is gode? to rede This infinityf mode to rede is noīatyf caſe to thys v er be Is. as Legere eſt bonū. It is holſome to ete lytyl. Pauxillū comedere eſt ſalubre

How many endynges of Gerūdyues. ben there as many as be of particyples of the laſt future tenſe & ſo they be declyned in all caſes. and al noumbres as Nominatiuo Amandus. da. dum

What differēce is bytwyxt Gerūdyues & participles? Gerūdyues betoken neceſſyte & dede wythoute tyme / And ꝑticyples betoken tyme wythoute neceſſyte or dede. Examples of Gerūndyues. Tenet me occupatio iuris diſcēdi. Tenet me cura dotis numerā de. Examples of Particyples. Cras legēdos eſſe. a • s Naſonē & Virgilium anglice. To morowe thou ſayſt that Virgyl & Ouide ſhal be redde.

How may Gerūdyues be mooſte in vſe: iij. whiche. in. Di. do. dū. Howe ſhal they be occupyed: thus as it foloweth.

Whēſoeuer the englyſſh of ye Infinityf mode cometh after ony of theſe nowne. Tēpus. Cauſa. Locꝰ. Libertas. Ius. voluntas. ars. licētia. modꝰ. otium. & ony other nownes that betokeneth accidēt. whyche nowne hath hys gouernyng of ſome other worde I may put the gerūdif in Di. in ye ſtede of the Infinityf mode. as It is tyme to pray. Tempus eſt orādi. I haue cauſe to wepe. Habeo cauſam flendi.

And whē ſoeuer In muſt ſpeke by a relatyf. I ſhal occupy ye gerundyfe in Di. as Hic dies attulit initium dicēdique vellē. Non autē dicendo rum eo rum que vellē

Alſo a gerundyf in Di may gouerne after hym a genitif caſe plurell. Pla • tus in cap. ſcdo.

Nominādi tibi iſto rum erit magis quam edendi copia

Particyples & many adiectyues that cometh off verbes be enioyned aswell to the gerūdyf in Di. as to the infinitif mode as Timens nauigare & nauigā di. doctus cantare & catandi cupiens peritus. promptus. conſuetus & ſimilia. Timidus. cupidns. auidus habere & habendi. & ſimilia

¶ Whēne the englyſſh of ye Infinityf mode cometh after a v er be yt betokeneth Praynge or beſechynge. It ſhal be put in a gerūdyf in Do. with thys prepoſicyō de before hym. Or elſe I may take the coniūctyf mode. as Ore te de ſcribēdo mihi latinitatem. Et oro ſcribas. vel ſcribas mihi latinitatem

Alſo whēne the englyſſh of a particyple of the preſentens wyth this englyſſh ſygne of alore hym coēth after a owne adiectyf it may be put in a gerūdyf in do wyth theſe prepoſicyons In or De. vel ſine prepoſitione ſi placet. as I an • wer yoffyttynge. Feſſus ſum ſedendo. vel de ſedendo

Alſo whē I haue ye englyſſhe of a ꝑticiple of the preſentēs with this p̄poſic • ō In. afore hym ioyned with noo ſubſtātyf ye ſayde englyſſh may be put in a gerū dyf in Do with this p̄poſtciō In or withoute ſi placet as ſcolers in takynge heed growe to cōnynge. Scholaſtici aduertēdo vel in aduertēdo euadunt docti

Alſo I may haue a gerundyf in Do. after ony of theſe examples & in all other lyke Plinius poſterior. Sermonibꝰ dies traſſigebat quū a ſcribēdo vacaret Cicero Ex quo ardeſcit ſiue amor. ſiue amicitia. vtrū que enim dictum eſt ab amando. Itē ab edēdo factꝰ eſt ſatur. Item Tuquid togites de tranſeundo in epyrū ſcire ſane velim. Ediſcēdo ali qui d cōmodi capio. Ex defendendo quam accuſando vberior gloria comparatur

Alſo I may haue a gerūdif in do. withoute a p̄po ſicyō whē I haue theſe englyſſhe wordes. whē. whil ſe. or aſ • ōge. ioyned wyth a paſſyf ſignifica • yō. as aſ lōg • as mynde is occupied. it is encreſſed as al other thynges. Memoria excolēdo ſicut alia • ia augen • ▪ Excolēdo. i. dū coli • 〈…〉 fe 〈…〉 a videndo. i. quū vide •

Whē the englyſſh of ye infinitifmode cometh after a reaſon & telleth the cauſe of ye reaſon. It may be put in the gerūdyf in Dū. with this p̄poſicyon ad byfore hym. as I come to lerne grāmer. Venio ad diſcendū grāmaticam Alſo I may haue a gerundyf in dū with theſe prepoſicyons In ob propter. or ante. as in theſe examples. and all other lyke. as Vado in capiē dum hoſtem vel ad ſi placet. Ego venie ob te vel propter te redimendum. Virgilius Nam que ante domā, dum ingentes tollent animos

Alſo I may haue a gerundyf in Dum. wyth thys prepoſicyon Inter. whan ſo euer I haue ony of theſe englyſſh wordes. whan whyles. or aſlonge put be fore a cōiunctif moode. as whyles thou playeſt. thou forgeteſt moch thyng Inter ludendū. multa de diſcis Virgilius. Age tytire & inter agendū occurſare capro cornu ferit ille caueto

Whan the euglyſſh of the Infinityf mode foloweth this englyſſh. It is it may be put in a gerundyf in Dum with this v er be eſt. ſet imꝑſonally. & that that ſemeth to be the noīatyf ſhalbe the datyf. as The kynge it is to fyght. Regi pugnandum eſt

Alſo whā I haue this englyſſh muſt. where as it ſemeth to be made by thys v er be Oportet. It maybe made lyke wyſe. as I muſte nedys coſt goo to towue Mihi eundū eſt in oppidum

After al ſuch verbes that betokē callyng ſhewynge. mouynge. or reſt. I ſhal euermore haue a gerundyf in Dum. & neuer the Infinityf mode. as Vocaui te ad currendū. nō currere. Surgo ad audiendū. nō audire. Sto ad pre dandū. non predari

But theſe verbys folowynge. the Infinityf. & not the gerundyf. as Iubeo re arare. nō ad arandū. cogito timeo edificare. nō ad edificandū. Sū be indifferēt to bothe. as Hortor te ſtudere. & ad ſtudēdū. Flagitor. paratus ſum. aptus. idoneus. militare. & ad militandum. But ſuch for the moſt parte. wyl haue the gerū dyf & leue the infinityf mode.

The gerundyf is knoween fro the ꝑticyple in dus. by that yt it betokeneth the doynge of a thyng withoute ony reſpecte of the tyme. as Sum or oc • patus in docendo pueros. or in docendis pueris

The ꝑricyple in Dus betokeneth a thinge to be done in tyme to cōme. as Chremes eſt exotandus a me

Bytwene In docēdo pueros. & In docēdis pueris is this difference that in docendo pueros. is of ye acryfſignificacyon. & may be exponed outher by the nowne verbale in io. or by the preſent Subiunctyf. & vt occupatus ſum in docēdo pueros. for in doctione puerorum. or Vt doceam pueros In docēdis pueris. is of ye paſſyf & paſſuely exponed. as Occupatus ſum in docendis pueris. for vt doceant ur And generally all gerundyf be actyfly expowned except they ſtōde abſolutely. as Vrit que videndo. i. dū videantur. illuſtria ad cognoſcendum. hoc eſt cognoſcantur

The gerūdyf in do hath theſe p̄poſicyōs In o • De as In or De trāſen̄do in epyrū. with E & Ex. Aor. ab as Ex diſcedēdo Ab audiēdo. with cum. as Cum loq̄ • do

¶ Whē the englyſſh of the īfinityf mode cometh after a v er be or a ꝑticiple betokenyng mouynge or goynge to a place it ſhall be put in ye fyrſt ſupy • e as I goo to huntyng. Ego vado venatū. Alſo I may haue the fyrſt ſupyne after al ſuch v er bes that be token pryue mouīg. as Do cōcedo. admitto. recipio & many other lyke. as Do filiā 〈◊〉 . Cōcedo edes venū. 〈◊〉 a te ſpectatū. Cōced ••• t ur edes venū. admitt •• ſpecta ••• .

Alſo I may haue the la • tre ſupyn after al nownes of the neutre gēdre yt be of the cōꝑatif & ſuꝑlatif degre as Quo qui d magis abhominabile eo turpiꝰ dicto? Et quāto magis eſt aliqd ſtudioſum. tāto digniꝰ honoratu. Optimū fa ••• qui d ſit ne ſcio. Digniſſimū intellectu eſt illud opus. Alſo I may haue the lat • re Supyne after all theſe nownes adiectyues in al gendres. & noūbres. ſcz scilicet Dignꝰ. turpis. rarus. iocundꝰ. abſurdꝰ. ſeuerus. ſeuus. obſeuus. ſuꝑbus. auſterus. clarꝰ. durus. & al other of lyke ſignificacyō. as Naſo dignus lectu. Res digna viſu. Pecus dignū amatu.

Alſo it is to be noted that Supines may in noo wiſe be ioyned with adiectyues in cōformyte of caſe gendre & noūbre Nor thei may nat be gouerned of noo p̄ poſicyon Alſo they haue noo caſe but alway be v er bes Alſo they be nat gou • erned of v er bes. nor of ꝑticyples but of adiectyues. vt Miſerabilis viſu. i. vt videatur Alſo they be of affiny • e with the Infinityf mode

¶ When. ij. v er bes come togedre withoute a relatyf or a cē iunctiō comynge bytwene them the lattre v er be ſhal be the infinitif mode. as Volo legere. cupio doceri. And one Infinityf mode may cauſe one other v er be to be the Infinityf mode. as dicome non poſſe venire Therentius ai • ſe videre • e cupere

Such adiectyues Dignꝰ. indignꝰ. iocundꝰ. letꝰ. triſtis. be enioyned better to the infinityf mode thā to ye gerundyf. vt Tues dignꝰ habere opes. Tues dignꝰ honorari. Tu es letꝰ me bn̄ valere Tu es letus me honorari Moreouer whereſoeuer I take the Infinityf mode of the prefentens or preterꝑfitens of ye paſſif ſignificacyon. there I may take the latter ſupyne o • the ſame verbe. as Tu es dignus honorari vel honeratu. ſed non verſa vice

Alſo whenſo euer I take the fyrſt ſupine. there I may take the neutre gendre ſubſtantiuate with this prepoſicyon ad. or the gerundifin Dum. vt Curro locutum regi. vcl ad loquendum regi

Whan the englyſſh of the particyple of the preſē tens elſe of the infinityf mode of the aciyf ſignificacyō cometh after ony tens of Sum es fui. I ſhal make the vulgare by the ſaid verbe Sum. and the particyple in Rus. as I am goynge forth from home in to the cō trey. as I am to go. & cetera. Profecturus ſum domo rus. and like wyſe of other tenſes. as Lecturus eram martilogium. Auditurus eram grammaticam Fuit viſurus rhomam ſi vixiſſet pater. Lyke wyſe I may make ſuch englyſſhes of the future tens. I wyl ſoupe byfore fyue of the clocke. Sum cenaturus ante quin tam. The ſaudiers ſhal fight in batel Milites pugna turiſunt in bello. And if the englyſſh of the ſaid infinityf mode. be of the paſſyf ſignificacyon. or cometh after the ſigne muſt. ſhulde. or ought. it ſhal be made bi the ſaid verbe Sum. and the particyple of the gerundyf in Dus. as Theſe oxen be to ſelle. or to be ſolde. hi boues ſunt vendēdi. Chyldre muſt be chaſtyſed Pueri ſunt caſtigandi

(Alſo the particyple in Dus. goth ſomtyme in to the ſtrength of a nowne. and than he betokeneth as much. as Dignus digna dignū. with an infiuitif. mode of the paſſyf ſignificacyon. vt Iſte liber eſt legēdus id eſt dignus legi vellectu. &c.

There is a difference bytwixte the fyrſt ſupyne & the particyple in Rus. For the fyrſte ſupyne cometh after the verbe that betokeneth mouynge & he hym ſilfe ſignifieth bodely dede

But the particyple of the fyrſt future moſte cōmenly cometh after verbes that betoken reſt. and he nouther betokeneth mouynge nor bodely dede. But al ō ly a tyme to come vncerten. Example of the ſupyne. Eo cenatum. eo cubicum. Example of the particyple in Rus. as Ego quidem cenaturus ſum. Non tamē eo cenatum. Et ſcio te cenaturum eſſe. ſed non protinus ire cenatum

The circūlocucyon of ye p̄terꝑfitens & pluꝑſitēs of the forſayde mode of ye paſſyf voyce is euermore made with one of theſe. ij. wordes Eſſe or fuiſſe. & the ꝑticiple in tus. with cōformite of caſe. gēdie. & noūbre by twixte the ꝑticyple. & the caſuel worde that goth before the Infinityf mode. as Vir dicebatur amatꝰ fuiſſe Virgo amata fuiſſe. Caput amatūfuiſſe. Viri ama ti fuiſſe. Virgines amate fuiſſe. Capita amata fuiſſe Et ſimiliter de Eſſe.

The circūlocucyō of the future tens of ye actyf voyce of ye forſayd mode is made with this infinityf mode Ire. & the ꝑticiple in Tus or Sus Or elſe with this infinityf mode Eſſe & the ꝑticyple in Rus with cōformite of caſe gēdre & noūbre bytwixte ye ꝑticiple & the caſual worde. Alſo ye ſaid future tēs betokeneth tyme. mouynge. & bodely dede. as Volo te amatūire. vel ama turū eſſe me. Amatā ire. vel amaturā eſſe me. &c

The circūlocucyon of the future tens of the paſſif ſignificacyō is euermore made with this infinityf mode 〈◊〉 & the ꝑriciple in Tus or ī Sus. or elſe with this infinityf mode Eē, & ye ꝑticyple in D • ꝰ with cōfo ••• es of caſe gendre & noūbre betwyxt the ꝑticyple & the caſuel worde. as Intelligo. ſcio. credo. video. opinor. exiſtimo peccarū 〈…〉 facie 〈…〉 eſſe vel pati factū iri. Neglige 〈…〉 faciendā eſſe vel pati factā iri.

Saue it is to be noted that ye particyple in Tus or in Sus. wyth all circōlocucyons of the future tens of the actyf ſignificacyō. betokeneth tyme preſent at hā de. as Video te accuſat ••• ire me. id eſt mu •• anglice. I ſee that nowe thou doeſt accuſe me.

Alſo the ꝑticyple in • us. with al circūlocucions of the future tens of the actyf ſignificacyō betokeneth vncerteyne tyme wythoute ende. as Nūc video te accuſaturū eſſe me. anglice Nowe I ſee thou wilt ōs accuſe me. i. poſt hac tēpore incerto. But all circūlociōs of ye future of the paſ ••• ſignificaciō betokeneth bothe tyme & dede p̄ſent. & to come indifferētly as video me accuſatū iri abs re. i. video re vel accuſatū ire me vl accuſaturū eſſe me &c. anglice. I ſee I am accuſed of the now or elſe I ſee I ſhal be accuſed of the herafter

¶ Whēne ſoeuer I am cōpelled to make a latyn by one of theſe. iiij. v er bes Exulo. Vapulo Veneo. & liceo that thynge yt doth the dede. ſhal be ye ablatyf wyth a p̄poſicyon. & the ſufferer ſhal be the noīatyf caſe. as ye kyng hath banyſſhed many a • raytour A rege multi traditores exularūt. The mayſter beteth ſcolers. A p̄reptore vapulāt diſcipuli. The fyſſhers ſel theyr fyſſhe deere A piſcarijs piſces care veneūt Thou doeſt app̄yt te thy ſeruaūt. A te tuꝰ ſeruꝰ licet

This v er be Nubo bis. hath euermore a nomīatyf caſe of the woman & a datyf of the māin all comō ſpeches as my brother hath wedded thy ſuſter. Fratri meo nupſit ſoror tua. I ſhal wed thi moder. Mihi nubet matertua

Whanne ſoeuer there comyth a propre name of a place or towne after thys engliſſhe ſigne at. It ſhall be put in the genitif caſe. ſo that it be the ſinguler noū bre. and the fyrſt declinſon. or the ſecounde. as I lerne grammer at Oxforde. Diſco grammaticam Oxonie. I dwelled a whyle at yorke Manebam aliquam diu Eboraci

But and if the forſayde propre name be ye thyrde declynſon or the plurel noūbre. It ſhall be put in the ablatyf caſe wythoute a p̄poſicyon. as Thou waſte borne at Chartage. Tu eras Thartagine natus. Thou dyddeſt ſtudye at athenys. Studuiſti athenis

Moreouer I may take an accuſatyf caſe. or elſe an ablatyf of ye forſayde nownes. wyth a p̄poſicyon of a conueniēt ſignificacyō. as Manes apud chartaginē and ſo of al other. as ſum apud Londonias

Whanſoeuer I haue a propre name of a place after this englyſh ſigne To. it may putte in the accuſati ue caſe wyth a prepoſtcyon. or wythoute indifferentli what noumbre or declynſon ſoeuer he be. as Eo oroniam. vel ad oxoniam Londonias. vel ad londonias Chartaginem. vel ad chartaginem

Whan ſoeuer ther come a propre name of a place after this englyſſh ſigne fro. it ſhal be put in the ablatyf caſe wych a prepoſicyon or wythout in differently what noumber orde 〈…〉 euer he be. as Venio oxonia vel ab oxonia. 〈…〉 . vel a lōdonijs. Chartagine. vel a chartagine Thes rules be alway true except the ꝓpre name of towne or place be compouned for then I muſt haue euermore an accuſatyf caſe or an ablatyf wyth a prepoſicion of a cōueriēt ſignificacyō. as Eo ad ſanctū Iacobū. Fui apd terrā ſanctam. Venio a ſancto Iacobo. vel a terra ſancta

Theſe. iiij. nownes. Rus. domus. humus. & militia foloweth the rules of the ſayde ꝓpre names of places. as maneo ruri. venio rure. vado rus. Sū domi. eo domū. proficiſcor domo. &c.

Of the ſame gouernaūce we fynde Belli. Duelli & many other indiuerſe autours. The whych euery • hon be aduerbes alway wythout they be ioyned to the ſayde prepoſicyons. vt ſupra

Theſe. v. v er bes in iꝑſo nalles Penitet. anglice to be ſorye. or to repente. Tedet. & Piget. anglice to be wery. or to haue no luſte Miſeret anglice to haue pyte or mercy. or to be ſory for fauour. Pudet. anglice to be aſ hamed. gouerne an accuſatyf caſe in the ſtede of ye no minatyf and a genityf of the thyng that we be ſory fore. or haue pyte of. wery or aſhamed of. as I repent me for my lewdenes. Me penitet mei maleficij. Tedet animā meā vite mee. I am ſory for thy loſſe. Me 〈…〉 . calamitatis. Nos pudet noſtro rum p •• ōrum.. Te pigeat inunenſi laboris

Theſe. iij. verbes imꝑſonallees Intereſt. refert. & eſt. anglice to be ꝓfitable or accordyng hath euermore a genitif caſe of the worde that ſemeth to be the nominatyf. as Fratris mei intereſt amare me

Oute of this rule be excepte theſe. v. ꝓnownes pri matyues Ego. tu. ſui. nos & vos. & this nowne int er rogatyf Quis in ſtede of whom I shal take ye ablatif caſe feminyne gēdre & ſinguler non̄bre of them poſſeſſyues That is to ſay Mea. tua. ſua. nr̄a. veſtra. & tui • . as Mea intereſt diſcere. Tua int er at docere. Sua int er fuit andire. Nr̄a interfuerat cauere. Veſtra intererit monuiſſe. who is bound totel ye trouthe? but he that knoweth al the mater Cuia intereſt enarrare veritatem niſi ſua qui nouit omnem rem

Alſo when I haue ony ſuche englyſſh. It is my office. my duty. or my ꝑte. It longeth for. It behoueth. It is good reaſon. or accordynge. or ony ſuche other yt encludeth duty I may cōueniently occupy one of the ſe. v. v er bes. Decet. Opo • tet. Intereſt. Refert. de Eſt Wyth the forſayde gouernaunce of caſe.

Al theſe v er bes in theſe v er ſes folowynge may haue 〈…〉 of the ꝑſon that the dede lōgeth to. as Mihi licet ludere. Thou taryſt nat wherer. I lyue or dye Tibi nō vacat inorearne an viuam Verſus

Her liber at que . licet liquet. & patet. accidit at que

Congruit. euenit. attinet. expedit & licet adde

Pertinet. incumbit. vacat. & ſedet addito cōſtat

Conuenit & preſtat. contingit. iunge ſa •••• it

Sufficit ad ternos. cum competit aduoco caſus

All v er be imꝑſonalles of the paſſyf voyce gouerne before them an ablatyf with a p̄poſicyon. elſe a datif of the ꝑſone that doth ye dede. as Ame vel mihi amat ur & after them an accuſatif or an ablatif with a prepoſityon. but neuer withoute as Ame 〈…〉 antiquam ſiluam. Ame auditur. Ame ſtatur in foro

Saue other whyle they may haue after thē ſuch caſes as hath ye v er bes that they be diriues of. as Ame seruit ur tibi. Interdictum̄ eſt tibi aqua et igni.

Euermore before the Infinityf mode of a v er be imꝑſonall of ye paſſyf voyce I muſt expreſſe ye ablatif with a prepoſicyon of the do •• . as Volo a me amati id eſt volo amare. Volo a me ſeruiri. i. volo ſeruire

Theſe v er bes Benefit. malefit. & Satiſfit. wil haue before thē an ablaf caſe with a p̄poſicyō of ye doer. & after thē a datyf caſe of ye 〈◊〉 Ame benefit tibi

Whenſoeuer ther • emeth ony of theſe. • t. ſignes 〈◊〉 . act. Is was. were. or be. byfore a verbe 〈…〉 betokeneth bodely mouyng I may euer more take ye preterꝑfytens of the Indicatyf mode or ſome other yt is formed of him. as ye vulgare 〈…〉 the preterperfytens of the Indicatif mode 〈◊〉 byſyde his owne ſtrenght. bothe for the preſentenſ & the preterimꝑfytens And ſo he & all tenſes formed out of hym haue the paſſyf ſignificacyon. as my maiſter is come. Preceptor meus venit. my folowes bengoon. Mei condiſcipuli abierunt

How many ꝑticyples come of a verbe Imꝑſonal of the paſſyf voyce? one. which one? A ꝑticyple of the p̄tertens & the neutre gendre only. as Ntō hoc oppoſitū. abltō ab hoc oppoſito. & he hath after hym a datife caſe. as Mihi prius oppoſito tibi opponetur

¶ Incipit. Deſinit Debet. Poteſt. Solet. Vult Theſe. vi. verbes Incipit. Deſinit. Deber. Poteſt Solet. and Vult. ioyned to the Infinityf mode of verbes imperſonalles be imperſonalles and wyll haue before them ſuch caſes as wyl the verbes imperſonalles. as me incipit te de •• s vigilie. Mihi deſinit placere ſtudij. me debet pudere maleficij. bonos ſolet penite re flagitij. me vult delectare dormire. Elſe they be al way verbes imperſonalles. and haue before them a nominatyf caſe. as Volo legere. &c

Theſe two verbes actyues Pono and Fero compowned wyth pre. or ante. be thus englyſhed. to telle more price. to ſet more by. to loue better, to haue leuer wyll haue after theym an accuſatyf caſe of thing that we make mooſt of. and a datyſe. of the thynge) we make leeſt of. as Prepono virtutem vicus. I am neminem prepones Ca ••• i. Prefero 〈…〉 Neſcio vtrū altria • feram

And of this 〈◊〉 be al theſe v er bs with many other ſuch. as Valeo es. preponder • as preſto as anglice vt prius. as Ingenio vales

Item other whyle with an ablatyf with a p̄poſicon. vt Tullius ad modum valuit in genere dicendi ternatius numerus preponderat binario

But poſtpono is of contrary cōſtructyon. to Antepono. as Poſtpono aud • um viſui

Theſe iij. v er bes Cello. Eo. & Cedo. cōpowned with Ante. p̄. or extra. anglice to paſſe. excede. excelle or be better. gouerne afore them a noīatyf caſe of ye thinge that we make mooſt of. & after them an accuſatyf of the thynge. vt ſupra as I paſſe ferre al my bretherne both in 〈◊〉 & redynge. Ego ante cello o •• es fratres meos & ſcribendo & legendo. Alſo ablatyf 〈…〉 with this p̄poſicyon In. vel ſine ſi placet. of the thynge that we compare in. as Thou excedeſt me in myghte. as moch as I paſſe the in conynge. Tu antere diſme fortitudine. vel in fortitudine tanto. quāto ego ante cello te ſcientia Virgilius ante cellit alios poetas carmine. vel in carmine

The ſame ſtrēght hath Supero as. & all other v er bes that hath the forſayde englyſſh

Whā no word lacketh in a reaſon to the moſt ꝑfyt ſentēce. than it is called ful. as Ego lego virgiliū

And whā ony thynge that is required to ꝑfyt ſentēce lacketh if it be vſed to be vnderſtōd by ye 〈…〉 ſtomes of romaines ye reaſon may be called figurate as Lego litteras. where muſt nedes be vnderſtōd Ego & the ſigne is called Eclipſis

There be cuſtomably underſtōde in latyn tonge theſe with euery relatyf the worde that it reherſeth of the reaſon afore in the ſame caſe. gendre. noūbre. & ꝑſone. as the relatyf is. as Lego virgiliū qui eſt poeta. Where is vnderſtonde with qui virgilius. or elſe more general. as Stude nam ea res proderit

Ofte tyme the worde that the relatyf reherſeth is expreſt wyth the relatyf. & vnderſtonde afore. as Vrbem quam ſtatuo veſtra eſt. Where is vnderſtonde before Eſt this worde vrbs

Alſo in anſweres comōly the v er be that is in the aſkynge. as to thys aſkynge. Quis eſt. if I ſay Ego. is vnderſtonde Sum

Alſo Ego. tu. meus. tuus. ſuus. as Verb ero filiū Where is vnderſtonde Ego. & after filiū. meū. tuum or ſuum. as the mater requireth

Sus es eſt. as Bonū diſcere. Doctior quam ille Where is vnderſtonde Eſt.

Alſo Ens wherfoeuer. ij. or mo propres or appellatyues. or one ꝓpre. an other appellatyf. come to gedre in one caſe & one clauſe wythoute ony v er be or coniū ctyon bytwene. as Vrbē rhomā. for vrbē entē rhomā

Alſo nownes after ſuꝑlatyues whan they 〈◊〉 in gendre with the genityf after them. as Pulcherrimum florum. where is vnderſtonde flos

And after partityues. as after duo rum hominū where is vnderſtond. homo. but elſe they haue the cōſtructyon of adiectyues

Alſo coniunctyons of 〈…〉 poetys elſe nat. but the ſpekynge be changed into interragatiū or 〈◊〉 . as Surge pa •• . abi. where to vnderſtond twyſe e • . & ſpecially vt before ſubiūctiues. as Fac mittas. for far vt mittas

Alſo p̄poſicion with names of townes. as Vade rhomā. Where is vnderſtōde ad. Veni rhoma where is vnderſtonde a. alſo Fui thebis. where is vnderſtōde in. The which ſpekinge though it be figurate is when we ſay. fui rhome or tarēti. But there is onderſtōde beſyde the p̄poſicyō In. locus. vrbs or oppidū

And lyke as in theſe ye figurat is more vſed then ye fulſo is it in Statur Curritur. where is vnderſtonde Stacio. & curſus. And in all ſuche. as Pluit. tona • . fulminat. is vnderſtōde Deus. And in theſe. v. verbys. Miſeret. Tedet. Penitet. Piget & Pudet. as ofte. as they haue nat an Infnityf with them. is vnderſtōde one of ther owne nownes miſeratio. penitētia. pudor to the which nownes alway perteyneth tho genityfe that foloweth theſe verbes. as Penitet me tui. for penitētia tui penitet or a afficit me. the accuſatyfis ioyned to the verbe as an actyf

Somtyme. ij. or more like clauſes be cloſed to gedre with one worde ſinguler. the whiche is vnderſtonde in euery clauſe. and ſet oute in one. as Cicero Virgiliꝰ Homerus ſcripſit. and of thys ſpekynge the figure is called zeugma

But of diuerſe clauſes none lyke other in gendre. no ſibre or ꝑſon. be clo • ed wyth one worde, then in the fygure. Sylepſis. & the worde that cloſeth is wont to agre with the laſt. as Vir & mulier magna ad 〈…〉 Hic illius arma 〈…〉

But yf the worde that cloſeth be plurell. thenne it muſt agree in gendre & ꝑſon wyth the cheef. as Ego & uxor amati ſumus. in the whiche is ſylepſis in ꝑſon & gendre. but nat in noumbre

To this fygure may be reduced ſuche cōſtructiōs Vrbē quā ſtatuo. & Fabulas quas feciſſet &c.

¶ When. ij. or more thinges be generally cōpared in one worde & afterwarde ſpecyally ſet oute. as Aqui le volauerūt vna abonēte. alia ab occidente. then is ye fygure Prolepſis. ac.

Cetera plātus & plentus diſcesex Sulpitis.