The differences of Vlcers and vvher­of they be taken.

THe differences of Ulcers are diuersly taken, but especially of three causes, viz. from the causes prouoking them, frō the members, and from the accidentes or [Page 2] dispositions ioyned with thē. Other take them onely of two, as from the causes and accidentes, and also from the natural dis­positions them selues, to whiche they are enwrapped, and passe ouer those differen­ces, whiche are taken of the members or labouringe partes, because they belong not to an vniuersall treatise. These there­fore be the diuers sortes of Ulcers, & true differences taken of the causes, that is to wit, a virulent Ulcer, a corroding Ulcer, a filthy rotten or putrified Ulcer, a hol­lowe & depe Ulcer, and Ulcer full of holes and a cancred Ulcer. And the differences which do come of the accidētes & natural dispositions, to which the woundes them selues be ioyned, are also diuers. Which of the Chirurgiās of later time are thus described. viz. an Ulcer w^t intēperatnes, whiche y^e Grecians call Discratū, a dolo­rous Ulcer, an Ulcer with a swelling or tumor against nature (commonly called impostumation) a broken Ulcer, an Ul­cer ouergrowen with superfluous fleshe, which y^e Grecians call [...], a hard Ulcer, a cankred Ulcer, a hollowe vlcer, [...]n Ulcer corrupt at the bone, an Ulcer [Page] with diuers separatiōs, & an Ulcer called Cacoethes, which is a wicked, cruel, & ve­ry hard Ulcer to be healed, and others of that sorte. But these many and diuers dif­ferences of Ulcers, are not supposed of Galene to be true differences of Ulcers, but only agreeings of other effectes with the Ulcer, of which sorte are, the cankred Ulcer, the ouergrowen, putrefied and hol­lowe Ulcers. And the Ulcer with some swelling, as the Ulcer called Phlegmo­nodes, and Resipelatodes, or the cankred rottennes, the inflāmation of bloude, the canker, and residue of that sort, are of the kinde of effectes besides nature, corrup­ting the actions whiche seuerally and by them selues may existe and bee. For that thing (saith Galen) which can consiste se­uerally, shall neuer be the difference of an other.

Let this therefore be as a precepte and rule, by whiche thou maiste discerne whe­ther the difference of an effect be any other­thing, or the enwrapping of an other na­turall motion, but after an other sort. Al­so the vexing and dolorous Ulcer, and the filthie vlcer, are called (as it were cer­taine [Page 3] differēces of vlcers whē as in deed they are not true & proper differēces, but the ioyning rather of an accident with an vlcer. &c. In like sorte the Ulcer called Vlcus cacochymon, is an Ulcer repleni­shed with euill iuyce, or troubled with a rheumatick matter ther caused, being ioyned with theffect. Many such therfore are vsurped of common Chirurgians & Phi­sicians, for the differēces of Vlcers which are in deede no differences, but onely (as Galene saith) binding together other dis­positions, or the effectes of that which is compounded. The proper and true diffe­rences of a simple Ulcer are taken of the nature thereof. And that (saith Galen) is a simple Ulcer, which doth only exist, that is, wherto no other affect or accidēt is ioy­ned.Vndepro­priae vlc. differ. su­mendae. It shall not therfore be a simple Ul­cer if any other part be exulcerated, or be [...]exed with a rheumatick matter, or euill [...]uyce, or altogether without natural tem­ [...]erature, full of hollownes. &c.

Therefore the differences taken of the [...]ature of the vlcers are moste proper,Different. vlcerum sunt magis propriae. & [...]f the substaunce of the thing, and cōming [...]utwarde. They are taken of the substāce [Page] of the thing whiche are brought from the fourme & bignes or quātitie of y^e diuisiō, & from y^e measure of space.Forma vl­cerum. Frō the forme, as the streight Ulcer, the Ulcer declined or bowed, the rounde or compassed vlcer, the wrythen and the crooked vlcer: from the bignes of the diuision or quantitie, as a great vlcer, a litle vlcer of the measures or spaces, as a long vlcer, a short vlcer, a broade vlcer, a narrowe vlcer, a highe vl­cer, or an vlcer in the toppe or height of a­ny parte, a depe vlcer, an equall vlcer, an vnequall vlcer.

And the differēces of the vlcers cōming extrinsecall,Diffe. vlc. extrinsec. are taken of the time, of the waye of generation, as all the vlcer or scarce part thereof cannot be seen or be­holden, the differences of the tyme, as a newe vlcer, or olde vlcer. Of the reason of the generation, as a cut vlcer, a brokē vl­cer, an vlcer partly cut, partly broken. O [...] the placing in thaffected part, as an vlcer euidently appearing or out of sight, an vl­cer hidden within or not appearing. Also an vlcer in the beginning of the muscle, in the middest, or in the end of the muscle. The differences of vlcers taken of the af­fected [Page 4] place, though they are to be iud­ged. vlcers, yet not (as Gal. saith) of their owne propre nature, as the aforesayd dif­ferences are taken: for the places where­in the vlcers doe consiste are similar, and organicall, therfore to shewe the differen­ces of places wherein the vlcer is, the di­uision must be after this sorte, from thaf­fected place. An vlcer in the similar orga­nick or instrumentall part, deuiding also the differences of vlcers in the similar parte after this sorte. viz. Ulcers in the veines, vlcers in the arteries, vlcers in y^e skinne, and vlcers in the muscles, for the muscle and the similar part, is easie to be discerned by sense. And the differences of the affectes in the organicke parte, are of this sorte. The vlcer of the eare, the vlcer in the Iawes, the vlcer in the sharpe or rough arterie, vlcer of the lunges, vlcer of the brest, vlcer of the yarde, vlcer of the fundament and seate, and so forthe in lyke order discoursing the singuler partes of the body, whiche wee call instrumentall. And this is the complete and absolute di­uision of a simple and only vlcer, and of an vlcer to whome no other affect is ioyned [Page] in his differences taken of his propre na­ture. Also if any affect or disposition doe consiste by it selfe, as Phlegmon, Gangr [...] ­na, or putrefaction, there cannot the diffe­rences of vlcers be taken thereby, or at least bee so called properly. But for be­cause it is spokē of Galen at least in 600. places, let vs not holde any cōtention vp­pon the names.Non esse de nominibus contē ­dendum. For if any man should cal the putrefied vlcer, y^e corrosiue vlcer, Gā ­grena, Erisipelas, the cancrous vlcer, the holed or cornered vlcer, the vlcer with pu­trefaction at the bone, the vlcer called Ca­coethes, the painfull vlcer, and all others of that sorte: If any man (I saye) should prescribe these as differēces of vlcers, we ought not to contende with him, so that he minister right curation to euery of thē. And they are called differences of vlcers taken of that wherto they are ioyned, that is to saye, the differences of the thinges conteined with the disease: the differen­ces of the thinges conteined with the ac­cidentes: and the differēces of the things conteyned with the causes and others (if any be) of like sort.

Of the causes of Vlcers.

THe latter sect of Chirurgians haue in­stituted two generall causes through­out all vlcers,Causae vlceris. that is to saye, the Antece­dent causes named of the Grekes [...], And the coniunctiue causes also called [...]. The antecedent causes are these, viz. cutting, breaking, tearing, and suche like solution of continuitie, whiche cannot euen by & by stirre vp Sanies, Pus, or Sordicies, which are iudged necessarily to associate the vlcers, although it may be done in time, & that in remouing the ante­cedent and corporall causes. Therefore the antecedent causes of vlcers is Caco­chima, whiche is euill iuyce, and that is, when the humors haue onely defaulte in qualitie and not in quantitie: and also to muche aboundance of those peruerse hu­mors being in the bodye, may at lengthe corrupt and putrifie the said partes of the same body. Furthermore, the wickednes of the said iuyce, is either engendred by a peruerse kynde of diet, or throughe the whole body, or els some particuler mem­ber: as through default, which may be ei­ther in the liuer or splene, as Galene in di­uers [Page] places hath sufficiently testified.

The coniunctiue causes is said to be that intemperature,Causae cō ­iunct. whiche is called the ma­lice of complexion in the wounded partes through the antecedēt causes, or through the woundes and hurtes them selues, or other tumors against nature, but especi­ally through malignaunt vlcers, either broken, opened or stirred. For euē the cor­roding vlcer is engendred Ex herpete & miliari, called of the Grekes Cenchrias, & also of Esthïomeno, whiche is an eating vlcer proceding of choller more grosse & thicke, so maye it also happen of the car­buncle, chiefly if it be venemous, whiche maketh an escharous vlcer, ful of bankes, filthy, and full of depe hollowes.Tres modi aegrè sana biliu [...] vlc. Where­fore these three are accompted vlcers re­bellious & hard to be cured. First because of intemperature, which commeth to the subiect fleshe. Secondly through defaulte of the bloud thereto resorting. And third­ly through copie and quantitie of the matter flowing,Gal. lib. 4. meth. me­dendi. as Galene credibly hath vs enfourmed. He also affirmeth that the sa­me diuision may be made otherwyse, that is of curable, and also rebellious vlcers, [Page 6] the one for intemperature of the vlcera­ted fleshe, and the other in respecte of the humor flowing, and the same intempera­ture also may be deuided twoo manner of wayes, viz. when the fleshe is subiecte to the onely qualitie of nature aboue mea­sure, or otherwyse when there is present some accesse or certaine tumor. Now al­so that flowing may be deuided into twoo partes, that is as well in the qualitie as also in the quātitie of the humor flowing.

There shalbe therefore foure kyndes of vlcers,Quatuo [...] gen. vlc. aegrè sana bilium. contumelious or hard to be cu­red: that is to witte, the onely intempera­ture of the subiect fleshe, whiche wee call Discrasia, intēperature with an accessiue tumor, the humor flowing, or vitious, or much, for the humor which floweth abun­dantly into the greuous part of the vlcer, yea although it be not vitious, yet (for be­cause it engendreth therein excrementes) it hindreth the healing with long detrac­tion of tyme. Galen seemeth also to make and adde hereto a fift kinde in his Cōmē ­tarie vpō the Aphorisme of Hippocrates, Hippocra. which beginneth thus. Vlc. quaecun (que) an­nua sunt. &c. whiche is the passion of the [Page] corrupted bone in the vlcered place. For when the fleshe which couereth the bone hauing applied (according to art) exicca­tiue medicines) receiueth cicatrice: by and by it semeth perfectly restored and amen­ded, but shortly after some matter thither resorting from the corrupt bone, reduceth in the healed part a present inflāmation, so that after, there followeth not onely ge­neration of matter, but also erosion of the aforesayd cicatrice & exulceration of flesh.Gal. lib. 4. Thera­pēt. meth. And as we may plainly gather by Galen, among the aforesaide affectes and disposi­tions, al others to be vnited and knit, and that many and diuers differences of vl­cers doe spring of those aboue mencioned. Furthermore, there must be a methode of healing shewed and declared, not of al to­gether, but euery one by him selfe, which shall followe after, beginning onely with the cure of simple thinges, that therby the waye and meane to heale the compounde affectes may the more easely be attained.

Now, seing that as we entreat through­ly of vlcers, these wordes Sanies, Pus, vi­rus, Ichor, Sordes, and such like, are much in vse, I think it not much forth of y^e way, [Page 7] if in this place we shew what those words doe signifie among the Chyrurgians, and that in fewe wordes, how they agree and disagre. Sanies. Sanies quid. i. ichor, is properly y^t thin humor, which the Grekes cal [...], suche as is in a wounde, neither newe nor olde, but betwene both, and some kinde of this Ichor is interpreted Sanies sanguinis, the matter of bloud. And of Sanies Sanei spec. duae celso. saith Cel­sus, be twoo kindes, the one named [...], and the other [...], being thin and halfe white, proceading of an euill vl­cer, and chiefly where as a sine we being hurt, inflāmation is gathered. Meliceria is more grosse, glewie, and like to white honie, proceding also of euil vlcers, wher the sinewes about the ioyntes be hurt, in which places it greatly floweth.

But nowe amongest the newe and la­ter Physitiōs and Chyrurgiās, who not obseruing the true proprietie of voice, or agreeing vpon the nature of the thing, do wrongfullye vsurpe the name of Pus, in steede of Sanies, Sanies vul go pro pu­re male v­surpatur. sometime they make Sa­nies a kinde of Sordes, Virus, Virulentū, and Purulentam colluuiem, called of the Grekes [...], and of the Latines Pus. For [Page] the name of Sanies being truely defined, signifieth all humiditie altered aboue na­ture. Wherefore if the humor be thinne whiche proceedeth from the vlcer, it is called Virus Virus. or virulentia. If it be thicker, Sordes. Sordes. And if it be in a meane betwixte both, it hath to name by proper appellatiō Sanies. Sanies. And it is saide to be found aboun­dantly in vlcers, and but little in deepe woundes. Sanies therefore is properlye among the vulgar Phisitions and Chi­rurgians, the same that Pus is among y^e Latines, and [...]among the Grecians. Celsus calleth it the Genus, hauing vn­der it twoo kindes conteined called of the Grekes [...]and [...], the whiche ichor of the Latine interpretors is called and turned to Sanies and Meliceria called Pus, Puris ge­neratio. hauing the beginning of contused flesh or bloud. But in the generatiō ther­of, there is a doubtfull or halfe euil trans­mutation or alteration.Gal. lib. 5. Simpli. For as Galene saith, there is in the bodies of liuing crea­tures three alterations. One plaine and according to nature, y^t is when the meate is digested in the bellie, bowelles, or ves­selles, wherein the iuyces are engendred, [Page 8] and from whence euery parte receiueth nourishmēt.Tres alte­rationes. An other plainly against na­ture. viz. in putrefying all thinges, & this (after a certaine manner) is contrarie to it selfe. The thirde is mixt or in a meane doing, partly according to nature, & part­ly contrarie to nature.

Therefore the transmutation or alte­ration, whiche doth engender Pus, hath the middest place amōg the best transmu­tation, which is the nourishement of the partes of liuing thinges, and that whiche is simply the worste, whiche is made stin­king with putrefaction. For neither of onely heat against nature, neither of heat obtained according to nature is suppura­tion or Pus engendred. But the heate of the inflāmation is (after a certaine man­ner) mixte of them both, whiche whilest it gathereth to suppuration, moueth great paine, and by the heat aboue nature of the inflamed part, feuers oftentimes are rai­sed, and that by extreeme heating y^t harte. And these twoo doe chaunce (as it were of a certaine boyling or burning of y^e bloud, which being throughly exusted or burnt, the remnaunt of it is made Pus, as by the [Page] altering of wood into ashes by burning, as Galene hath left testified in his Com­mentarie vppon Hippocrates, thus be­ginning. Dum pus conficit. &c. By this nowe it is manifestly proued what pus is, howe it is engendred, and what is the effi­cient cause and matter thereof. Nowe we will shewe in fewe woordes what Virus, Virulentia, and Sordes are amongest the Chirurgians. Virus Virus. or Virulentia, is a subtile superfluitie begotten of abundāce of watrie humors, which (saieth Guydo) is of twoo sortes, hote and colde, whea­like or ruddie. But Sordes Sordes. is a certaine superfluitie more thicke, engendred of hu­mors hauing a thicker substaunce, which truly is of three sortes, for some is thicke, vnequall, heaped, and white, & some black and like dregges mixt with ashes.

Furthermore, that which they cal Vi­rus, Galene calleth it in Greke [...], in la­tine Sanies. Sanies seu virus quid. But to saye at one woorde Sa­nies or Virus, is that thinne excrement in vlcers which cōtinually moistneth them, euen as Sordes thickneth thē, whiche pro­cureth the vlcer named Rhyparon, that is Sordidum. Gal lib. 3. m [...]h. For euen as (Galen saith) [Page 9] the excrementes whether they bee thicke or thinne, doe followe euery mutation of the qualitie of the nourishement. So is there wont to be a double kinde of excre­ment, and that chiefly in hollowe vlcers: that is to saye a thinner, called in Latine Sanies, in Greke [...], and a thicker also named Sordes. Of the thinne excrement, the vlcer is made moiste, and of the gros­ser, filchie, whereof it commeth, that the sayde vlcer nedeth twoo sortes of medi­cines, viz. to drie that which is moist, and to mundifie the filthie, but these thinges doe belonge to an other contemplation. But Pus Pus est me dium inter saniem & sordem. doth chose (as it were) a middle substaunce betweene thicke and thinne, e­specially if it be that which is good. For that is best (saith Hippocrates) which is white,Boni ac mali puris notae. light, equall, and without noisome sauour. And that is euill (sayeth Celsus) whiche is thinne, watrishe (especially if it be so from the beginning) also if y^e coloure be like whay, pale, yellowe, or like dregs, and besides that, if it smell euill. There is an other kynde of Pus Pus [...] faieth the same Corn. Celsus, called in Greke [...], which is apparauntly founde in great vl­cers [Page] beginning to heale, which is thinne, half white, and as it were vnctuouse, not vnlike the white fattines of oile. That Sa­nies is euill which is muche in quantitie,Malae sa­niei notae. ouer thinne, yellow, pale, or black, glewy, or of euill sauour, or if it corrode in the same vlcer, or the skinne nere thereto, & is litle better, if it be somwhat more grosse, half red or whitishe. Therefore the better that the excrementes aforesaid appeareth in vlcers, the better hope is to be had in their curatiō: euen as that wound is like to be cured with expedition, whiche hathe good and freshe bloude flowing from it, wherefore the signes both good and euil, in euery of these, must of the Chirurgian be diligently wayed. So that he may ei­ther reprehend, or pronounce what vlcers be vncurable, which be easie to be cured, and which be harde to be cured. Whiche thing is of no small weight, and the Chi­rurgian thereby may laudably be won­dred at and auoyde cauillouse slaunders. And this saide, shall suffice as touchinge Pus, Sanies, and Sordes. Nowe it resteth that we speake of the signes of vlcers, and likewyse of the iudgementes.

The signes to knovve the differences of vlcers taken of the defi­nitions.

EUerie vlcer hath his proper note or token, whereby he is diseried and knowē from an other, and they are taken of the definitions of euery of them. Wherefore I suppose it to be worthy the labour here to recite by the waye, the short definitiōs of the chiefe differences aboue mēcioned, wherein doing, wee woulde not haue the Reader to regarde so much the woordes as the thing it selfe. For we had rather vse the common definitiōs allowed long agoe of all professours, though they bee more rude and common, then with elo­quence (though it were more pure stile) to [...]ast a mist vpon that thing whiche is ob­scure enough of it selfe. Notwithstanding [...] haue eschewed, in euery place as muche [...]s I might lanfully, that grosse and idle [...]arbarousnes. Therfore to go to the pur­pose, that is a virulent Ulcer wherein is [...]oyson, which is a certaine thinne, and li­ [...]uid excremēt, called properly of the La­ [...]nes Sanies, abounding about erosion, [Page] called also by an other name Saniosum. The vlcer whiche by the malignitie and malice thereof doth stirre vp euill and by­ting iuyce, which eateth and gnaweth the affected part, & is made by the increase of humors more ample daily, is named Cor­rosiuum, or Arrodens. Vlcus corrossi. siue arrod. But if the malice thereof do so much encrease, that not on­ly it vlcerateth the corrupt fleshe, but also wastfully consumeth the sound with day­ly encreasing, it is thē called Depascens. Vlcus de­pascens. All the Phisitions of Grece, (Galene also witnessing) doe call this affect [...], [...]. be­cause it was wonte to feede and carrie to the sound partes, the corruption of the af­fected, and to the affected, that which was in the sounde. Whose species or kinde is Phagedena, Phagede­na. which is an ambulatiue Ul­cer, which creping here & there in y^t ski [...] and subiect fleshe, doth corrode and feed [...] on the toppe or outward partes, but it ne­uer perseth inwardly. Wherefore it hat [...] to name also Vlcus, in sūmo residens, [...] neuer Profundum. That Ulcer with [...] Galene is cal [...]ed Sordidum, Vlcus sor­didum. whiche hat [...] more grosse & viscous excrementes, which we call Sordem, but in Greke Rhyparon [Page 11] but the later writers haue otherwyse de­fined it, affirming that it hath certaine crustes thicke and grosse, or (as they saye) some fleshe softe, thicke and superfluous. The vlcer named Putridum, Lanfran­cus sic de­finit. Vlc. putrid. is that from whence some vaporouse & euill smelling fumes do procede like to dead carcases, or to that whiche putrefieth and corrupteth the fleshe, hauing euermore thereto an­nexed Sorditiem, with outward heate, su­perfluous humiditie, and ofttimes a fe­uer, and differinge from the filthie vlcer by the malice thereof. They call that vl­cer Cauernosum, Vlcus cuniculosum. whose orifice is strict & narrowe, but in the bottome larger, with­out sense hidde, and hauing many corners, and like the Cunnie, rūning many ways, but without callositie or hardenes, but o­thers call it cōtrarily Cuniculosum. The fistulous vlcer differeth litle from the hol­lowe or cuniculouse vlcer,Vlcus fistulosum. but that the wynding and turning wayes thereof are [...]callouse and harde. The cancrousVlcus cancerosum. vlcer is in sight horrible and stinking, hauing ed­ges hard, thicke, swelled, and inuersed, the colour in the middest betwixt red and blacke, as one should say duskie or leadie, [Page] and about the vlcered part certaine Ue [...] ­nes appearing blacke, puft vp, swelled, thicke, and replet with blacke bloud. Vl­cus Vlcus [...]. id est intē ­peratum. discraton, commōly called Discrasia­tum, is that, wherein Quaedam discrasia (that is intēperature) reigneth, a certain euill qualitie ruling aboue nature, as im­moderate heate, colde, moisture or drie­nes, or many of them together, and suche are properly called among vs Vlcus in­tēperatū. That is called Vlcus crucians, Vlcus cru­cians. or Dolorosum, which in labouring, doth cruelly vexe or torment, or (as Guydoa Cauliaco sayth) wherein Sense of the cō ­trarie thing is felt. Which may be called in Greke [...]. [...] That (saith Ga­len) is Vlcus rheumaticum, Vlcꝰ rheumaticum. which by the Fluxe and resort of humours, refuse to be healed. And that is called Verminosum Vlcus ve­minosum. vlcus, which auoideth Wormes, called of the Grekes Scolesondes, whose generatiō is putref [...]ct. And those Ulcers, bothe of Galene, as also of all the Physitions of Grece, are called Cacoethes, Vlcus ca­coaethes. who hauing all thinges applied, and eche thing dili­gentlye administred and ordered in all pointes according to art, and yet refuseth [Page 12] vtterly to heale, for because that in the vlcered or affected parte, some maligne & pernitious matter, lieth hidde to vs vn­knowen, and hindreth the healing of thē: Wee call those Ulcers maligne, rebel­liouse, and hard to be cured. Vlcus vari­cosum, Vlcus va­ricosum. is that, which hath certaine Uei­nes in partes aboue the Ulcer appearing swelled, and replet with thicke & grosse bloud, which swelling, is called Varices, which by flowing to the said Ulcers, doth prohibite and hinder the healing thereof. And the Apostumouse UlcerVlcus apo­stemosum, is y^t, whiche hath a tumor against nature, proceeding of some humour, suche as Phlegmon or Erisipelas. All other Ulcers are sufficiēt easie to be discried by these aforesaid.

The Prognostications or Iudge­mentes of Vlcers.

VVHat Ulcers soeuer saith Hippo­crates, Aphor. 45. lib. 6. doe continue the space of a yeare or longer, the Orifice must nedes be taken awaye, and the Cicatrice made hol­lowe. What Ulcers soeuer (saythe Ga­lene (in his Cōmentarie vpon this Apho­risme) [Page] are of long continuance,Vlcera a­nua & diuturna, or hauing no Cicatrice by any meanes comming, or once receiued, breaketh againe, and yet no­thing lefte in the curation that ought to bee taken awaye, it signifieth Cacoethes, whiche is a certaine malignitie, hard in receiue curatiō. And y^t chaunceth through the Fluxe of vitious humours, or through euill disposition of humors of long tyme gathered, and conteined in the member, or els some affecte or corruption of the bone in that member. (Auicen saith) that what Ulcer soeuer, after it be filled with Fleshe and a Cicatrice enduced, if it so­dainly breake fourth againe, it is in daun­ger to degenerate into a Fistula,Vlcera dura viridia aut nigra. and Ul­cers that be hard, blacke, or greenishe, are euill: for in suche there is extinction of y^t naturall heate in the Ulcered part.Vlc. frig. Colde Ulcers (saith Arabs) are knowen by soft­nes and whytenes.

But the hote Ulcers decline to a red­nes,Vlc. cal. and are eased by cold Medicines, and are discerned by feeling. Therfore, euery one are knowen, partly by colour, partly by touching,Li. 4. The­rap. and partly (saith Galene) by the sense of the pacient. Some saye they [Page 13] feele a burning, others, a manifest cold in the part, and doe take pleasure in hoate or colde Medicines. &c. Drie and moiste Ul­cers, also haue their propre Signes, and knowē chiefly by feeling. For feelīg doth discerne and iudge drie and moist things, and suche as followe those qualities, as hardnes and softnes, sharpenes and leni­tie And if maligne Ulcers doe represent the colour of the reste of the Bodie. viz. white, purple,Vlc. totius corp. colo­rem repre­sentantia. duskish or citrine, it shew­eth some defaulte worthy reproofe in the Lieuer, whereby the bloud there engen­dred is corrupted.

Ulcers succeeding other diseases, are harde to be healed.Aliud. Vlcera circumglabra Vlc. circū ­glabra. praua sunt, that is to saye.Aliud. Apho. 4. lib. 6. When thou seest about the compasse of the affected place, the Heeres to fall away, or Scales to arise, Iudge that Ulcer to be peruerse and froward, for it signifieth euil humors, and maligne iuyce to flowe to the vlcered part, which doe vehemently erode. Ther­fore suche maligne iuyce, doeth neither cleane abolishe the rootes of the Heeres, nor yet suffer the Ulcered place to receiue Cicatrice or Curation. But when those [Page] Heeres had fallen before, do spring anew about y^e Ulcer, it is a good tokē or signe.

The Ulcer (sayth Hipocrates) whether it come before the disease,Aliud. Lib. i. pre­dictionum Vlcus ante morbū vel in ipso morbo e­nascens. or in the sicke­nes, ought diligently to be looked vpon, for if the sicke shall die, the Ulcer will be drie, blacke, or very pale before death.

Ulcers wherein (after long emission of Sanies, and Virulentia) perfect and lau­dable pus beginneth to appeare, is a good signe, for it signifieth both strength of na­ture, and obedience of the matter. What are the signes of good Pus, is before spo­ken of.

Ulcers in y^e outward muscles of y^e back, legges, or armes, are not without daun­ger.Aliud. Vlc. in quibus parti­bus periculosa. Uerie perillous are they deemed al­so which occupie the inwarde members, or reache vnto them. In what Ulcers so euer incarnatiue medicines be applied,Vide Hip. apud Gal. li. 4. The. before they be well mundified: euill and su­perfluous Fleshe will in them encrease. But contrarily, which soeuer be duely, & as they ought to be mundified and made, (as it were) drie before, the Fleshe in such (sayth Hippocrates) can neuer encrease superfluously, vnlesse contusion happen [Page 14] therto. Ulcers rounde in compasse,Vlc. rot [...] ­da. are wont to be the worste, and not to come to a Cicatrice, but difficultly and with much businesse, they bring childrē to vtter ruine: Therefore in such, the Chyrurgians coun­sell ought to applye a Cauterie actuall, made after the quantitie and fashiō of the Ulcer compassed. In the outward mem­bers,Artuum vlcera. that is to say, in the handes, feet. &c. Ulcers and Tumors against nature, as Phlegmon and suche like, doe ofte hap­pen, and commonly in the Glandulouse partes, especially in those bodies that bee Plethoriques, that is, geuen to much re­pletion, for these partes, for as muche as they be rare, are easie and (as it were) readie to receiue euery humor flowing. For so it commeth to passe, that through an Ulcer, either in the finger of the hand, or Foote, the Kernels about the armeholes or priuie partes, doe also swell or receiue inflammatiō, for when the bloud floweth, or other humours should haue recourse to the outward partes, straight by their losenes and raritie, part of the saide flow­inges are in them reteined,Colli & capit. vlc. sometime also the glandulouse partes of the neck (either [Page] by Ulcers of the head, or partes nighe to them, or els in them selues) do swel. And Galene calleth these glandulouse partes, which in that order doe swell, Bubones. Bubones.

When medicines applied to Ulcers,Aliud. do profite, or (at least) doe no hurt or discom­moditie:Si auxilia profuerint aut nocue [...]int. it is a sure agrument, that such medicines were rightly administred. But if they cause any present hurt, or do make the Ulcer more drie, hote, or colde, it is a token that the things ministred are not fit for that present griefe, for that thinges more drie or more moiste (as the thing re­quireth) should be applied.

Also if (by the thinges applied) the Ul­cer become more softe by & by, vse things more astringent.Si vlc. arro d [...]tur. Neuerthelesse, if the Ul­cer doe erode and become more depe, then beware diligently, for that springeth of sharpe and vicious iuyce together with malignitie of the Ulcer, els through the facultie of medicines applied, whiche doe more then sufficiently mundifie:Nota. for suche by arroding the vlcered part, do encrease muche Sanies, and make the Ulcer verie moist, whereby it happeneth that vnskil­full Chyrurgians, are so ofte deceiued in [Page 15] their purpose, for thinking the Ulcer to be Cacoethes, that is, that y^e matter ther­in cōteined to procede of malignitie, or (as they terme it) of virulent and superfluous humiditie, and whyle they earnestly mi­nister thinges sharpelye to mundifie, and thereby maketh not onely the Ulcer more depe, and hollowe, but also more hote, & sometyme maketh it Phlegmonodes. Hereby the parties affected, doe feele ero­sion and mordication. Furthermore, a­mongest many thinges which hurt or hin­der Ulcers, sayth Guy do de Cauliaco, y^e South wynde is vnprofitable, and also a moist aire ioyned with heat.Vētus me­rid [...]onalis officit vlceribus For they in­duce putrefaction in Ulcers, euen as all things that putrefie, procede of heat and moisture. Hence cōmeth it (saith he) that Ulcers of the Legges, are harder & dif­ficulter to be cured in y^e South parts thē in the North, but in wounds of the head, it is contrarie. And euen as many tokens and iudgementes in woundes, are cōmon to Ulcers, so likewyse the iudgementes of Ulcers, whereof we nowe speake, may bee to woundes compared. Wherefor [...] whatsoeuer is spoken before in the iudge­mentes [Page] of woundes conuenient, or agree­ing to Ulcers, reuoke them in this place.

Of the curing of Vlcers in generall.

IN the curatiō of Ulcers,Duo spec­tanda in curatione vlcerum. there are two thinges to bee considered and propoun­ded vnto vs, that is, the contemplation of the Ulcer it selfe, by what meanes it is an Ulcer, with consideration of the cause of the Ulcer, of the Accidentes, and euery disposition therein cōteined, as also what parte here or there it occupieth. For euery Ulcer (as we haue saide before) either is alone and by him selfe (that is, hauing no other affect, neither conuersaunt with it, neither going afore, nor following it) or els is ioyned with one or moe, of whiche some haue not onely stirred vp the Ulcer frō the beginning, but also do now make it greater. Others be of y^t sorte, without the which it can not obtaine the reason of the scope of curation. But euery Ulcer, in that it is an Ulcer, hath some common in­dication of the cure (euē as Galene saith) the way of healing Ulcers,Vlceris sa natio me­diocris sic­catio est. is by a meane [Page 16] drying: this indication also is common to woundes, if (at least they be woūdes) that is, receiued of some stripe. This onely is their difference, this nedeth lesse: and the other (through the great humiditie) re­quireth greater desiccation: If the Ulcer be ioyned with any other affect, curation ought not to be applied to the Ulcer, but first to cure the affect, & lastly the Ulcer. For whether Phlegmon, Erisepelas, or y^e tumor called Oedema, or blackenes, or Ecchimosis, do besiege the Ulcered part, the cure must be gentle. But if there be some strong intemperature (whiche is wont to bringe weakenes to the affected part) and be ioyned to the Ulcered fleshe, then, that is first to be cured. And when thou hast cured the intemperature, after­warde thou shalt easely heale the affecte. So must we first helpe the tumors called Varices, whiche are ofte aboue the Ulce­red place, and then to cure the Ulcer. But none of these curations (saieth Galene) is of the Ulcer it selfe, but of some other af­fect, whiche either maketh the Ulcer or nourisheth it.In tollen­dis disposi­tionibus cum vlce­re cōpli­cat. duplex consilium esse. Gal. li. 4. Meth. med. Furthermore, Galene affir­meth that in taking a way the dispositions [Page] cōtained in Ulcers, there are two things to be considered: that is to saye, either vt­terly to take awaye suche like affectes in the body, or els to destroye that which is therein vnprofitably conteined. But this he meaneth to be done where affect is lit­tle and playne, for where it is great, it can not be brought to a Cicatrice before, till the other affectes haue remedie.Partic. in curandis vlceribus scopi. Of suche like Ulcers therfore as are ioyned with other affectes or dispositions, there bee foure particuler wayes of curation.

• 1 The first prescribeth a cōuenient diet fit for the curation of suche Ulcers.
• 2 The seconde is to diuerte the matter antecedent.
• 3 Thirdly, in correcting and remouing the accidentes and dispositiōs ioyned with the Ulcer.
• 4 Fourthly, those accidentes being cor­rected, doth teache and instruct vs to cure them after the maner of hollowe woūds.

But we doe follow the first and second intention, both by amending, emptying, diuerting and preuenting that same flow­ing, wherewith the bodie of the affected, doth abounde, and flowe in the vlcered [Page 17] part. Furthermore, the wayes whereby we may aptlye amende and diuert the a­bundaunce of humors, & take away their corruption is thus. viz. by Phlebotomie, Purgation, Approued diet, Cauterie po­tentiall, Uomiting & others of that sort. We preuent flowinges with hinding, wa­shings, epithmes, ointments Exbolo ar­meno, and other restrictiues. When as therefore the humour flowing in the Ul­cered places, is neither more, nor yet much worse then cōuenient, sufficient re­percussiues, & binding aboue the Ulcered place shall suffice, & whiche binding doth shut the pores wherby the matter should flowe into the Ulcer: it is meete therfore that the medicines applied to suche Ul­cers, be more drie then they that serue for the simple Ulcer. But if it happen that this flowing can not be stayed or kept vn­der, the cause thē must be searched foorth, and that must first be taken away, whiche if it come by weakenes of the parte that receiueth it, it must be strengthened with proper curation of the vlcered place. But if it come by abundaunce of bloud or euill humors, either in the whole Bodies, or in [Page] any of the partes, they are first to be cured but the imbecillitie of the part, whereto by reason thereof more of humors then is conuenient doth resort, doth come altoge­ther of intemperature, notwithstanding, not of euery intemperature. Whereupon it commeth to passe, that the vlcered flesh is ofttimes only temperate & not weake, and ofttimes both vntēperate & weake, for strong intēperature bringeth weake­nes to the affected part.

The thirde and last intention, which is in amending and taking awaye the acci­dentes and dispositions, ioyned with the Ulcer, is brought to passe by due con­sideration of the qualities of the humors and nature of the affected part.

Of an Vlcer vvith intemperature.

VVHat kinde of intemperatureDe intem­perie cu [...]vlcere. soe­uer it be, it may be abated by vni­uersall remedies, as by diet & conuenient purgations,Calid. quo modo e­mendetur. and (if it be ioyned with anye humor) by reuulsions of all sortes. Hote in temperature, whether it bee alone, or [Page] ioyned with the Fluxe of humors, it may be amended with Vnguentūalb. or Rub. cum Camfora, or Vng. ex Pompholig. vel de Plumbo, vel de Cerusa, aut aqua Rosacea, & Succis Plantaginis, Solani, & Semperuiui.

Colde intemperature may be amēded by fotibus, Frigid. vt curetur. only of wine, heated or boiling therein Wormwoode, Mintes, Isope, Penirial, Calamint, Organi. Rosemary, Stechados. &c. or Lee with Allom, or vn­guē. Basilic. or vng. Citrin. vel Dealthea. The moist intemperature,Quomo­do humid. intemp. ad natural. [...]educitur. is brought to a natural (by exiccatiue vnguentes, as De Pōpholi, de Plūbo, de Cerusa, de Gratia Dei, Diacalcitis The humors respected for y^t intēperature hapneth seldome with­out a humor, neither must we passe y^e na­ture of thaffected part, which must either more or lesse, receiue drying medicines.

The drie intemperature, may be resto­red naturall (sayeth Galene) by fotions of water, or Vng. Basilicō, or vng. Sic Intem­peratura ficca alte­ratur. Galen. 4. Metho. de Pi­ce, or Diachilon dissolued in oyle, to eue­ry ounce whereof is added Pulueris Ro­sarum. I dragme.

Of an Vlcer vvith paine.

[Page 19] PAine in an Ulcer proceedeth moste cō ­monly of hote and sharpe intempera­ture with corrosion.De dolore cū vlcere. Sic accidit dol. ex ca­liditate. And then profiteth publique medicines, as Succus Plantagi­nis, Solani, Sēperuiui, Hiosciami, or their stilled waters, mixt with Uineger, and Oile of Roses. It profiteth also to mini­ster the white of an Egge, or the whole Egge, mixt with Oile of Roses, Bolo ar­meno, and Terra sigillata, and Aceto.

A Cataplasme also is commodious, made with Mallowes, Plantaine, and Branne, and boyled and mixt with oile of Roses. Or it shall not be incommodious to vse the white of an Egge, with Oile of Roses, & Litharges, diligently mixed in a Leadē mortar, & after boiled at a gētle fier in a pound of the iuyce of Housleeke, to the consumption of the sayde iuyce. Els the whole Egge mixt with Oile of Ro­ses, and Terebētine, or vng. Popillionis, halfe an ounce, cum oleo. Vitelli ouorū one ounce. Or vng. Album Camforati, or vng de Lithargi. De minio. de Tutia. De Plumbo. vng Rub. cum Camfora.

If the paine come of colde intempera­ture,Si [...]l [...] [...]it [...]a. washe the place with wyne, wherin [Page] hoote thinges is boyled, such as is spoken of before, and these or suche like also are profitable. viz. Basilicon, vnguentum Fuscum, & Citrinum.

But when the paine springeth by dis­solution of continuitie,Si per dis­solutionē continui­tatis. stupefactiues then are exceeding commodious. Notwith­standing, those are much more profitable, which encrease the naturall heate,Anodina. hic confe­ [...]unt, as the yolke of an Egge, Saffron, Terebentine, and Oile of Roses, together mixt and ap­plied to the Ulcer. And about the circuit of the Ulcer, Ping. Gallinarum, Anseris, Anatis, Suis &c. Muccagi. sem. Lini. Fe­nugreci, & Maluae, a [...]e good and necessa­rie. Also Oleo Rosa Amig. Chamomeli Aneti, Violacei. Vulpini. &c. Or els.

Ol. Ros. iii. oūc. Muccag. sem. Al­theae, one ounce and a halfe, Vitel­los, [Page 20] num. ii. mixe them and make ther­of a Cataplasme.

When the paine is great, and the pre­cedent medicines preuaile not, then Ad Narcotica accedendum, Ad narco­tic. accedē ­dum. and make a Ca­taplasme with Far. Hordei, Oleo Ros. & Nimpheae, vel Mandrag. cum lacte vel passo coctis, or with bread crummes infu­sed in water with Oile of Roses, y^e yolkes of Egges, and Saffron, adding thereto Opij halfe a scruple. Or a Cataplasme made with the leaues of white Poppie, Mandrag, and Henbane, with the pouder of Camomill. So is it good to apply Phi­lonium, or Theriaca, or OI. de Papauere, Mandrag. vel Hiosc. cū Opio. or Succus Hios. cū lact. mulie. cū Ouillo & Opio. And great commoditie hath bene founde ex Oleo Ranarum.

Of an Vlcer vvith a tumor.

IF with the Ulcer through paine,De vlc. cū tumore. a tu­mor do chaūce, it must be asswaged, (y^e cause of pain considered) whether it come thy dissolutiō of cōtinuitie or with biting, or intēperature. But if the swelling come [Page] by the malice or aboundaunt Fluxe of hu­mors to the place, then prescribe a diet thinne and colde. Mollisie or purge the belly (respecting the humors nature) vse Phlebotomie, restraine y^e humor flowing, and resolue that which is already flowed [...] which all must be considered in tumors a­gainst nature. If the tumor proceede of hote humors,Si tumor ab hu. cal. it shall be expedient to boyle in tart wine a swete Orenge brused, or Quinces and sower Peares, boiled with the poulder of Mirtles, els Lintels de­cocte with the poulder of the rindes of Pomegranettes, mixte with Roses and Terebintine.

In the augmentatiō the like medicines adding to, Hordei Fabarū, Tritici, Fari­nae & Camomel. In the state make a Ca­taplasme ex decoct. Mal. & Absinth. in vino dulci cum Far. Sem Lini. Fenug. & furfure. But if Pu [...] firste appeare, make a Cataplasme ex Mal. in aqua coctis [...] Farina Sem. Lini, Fenugr. & axungi [...]suilla, vel ex Farina Tritici, Oleo & [...] Croco, boyled in water to the forme of [...] pulteise. If the [...]mūctory places (throug [...] paine of y^• Ulcer) be afflicted with tumor [...] [Page 21] the matter being hote, coquito Mal iii. ounces, cum Furfure in aqua, Respice materiae tempera­ment. and apply it, whiche also preuayleth muche against the tumor in the Ulcer, but if the matter be colde.

Rec. Mūmiae in vino ad crassitiem coctae, i. oūce. Oesipi. ii. oūc. Fari. Triti­ci, half an ounce. Boyle these together, and make thereof a Cataplasme.

Of the Contused Vlcer.

AN Ulcer contused, requireth thinges moistening,De vlcere Contuse. and engendring Pus, as a pulteis ex Fari. triti. Oleo & aqua coct. aut Triticū aqua calida diutissime ma­ceratum, which being boiled applie it. Or one made ex radi. altheae & caricis simul coctis ad mellis crassitiem, cū Fari. triti­cea fiat Cataplas. and then resorte to the cure of woundes.

Of Fleshe excreasing in Vlcers.

THis being cōmonly called proud flesh, must be taken away,De carni [...] in vlcere excrescent. either with cau­terie [Page] actuall, or corrosiue pouders, the weaker sorte be these, Alumen vst, her­modact.Corrodēt imbecilla.& cū tartaro, Nuclei dactil, cō ­bustorum, aqua vitae cū Sulphure, vng. Aposto. Sem. vrticae, Serpētaria squāma aeris, es vstum, Radix asphodeli, Cinis Erinacei, Stupa minutim incisa: Some­what more vehement be these, Pul. Paulo ve­hement. Mer­curij solus, vel admixtus alumine vsto ad partes equales, vng. Aegiptiacum vel Apostolorum cum aerugine rasili: vel a­qua vitae. ij. ounces, Eruginis rasilis. ii. drag. misceantur, vel linimentum aqua sublimata ter aut quater imbutum & ex­iccatum.

The strongest be these. viz.Valentis­sima. Calx viua, Calcitis, Calcanthum vstum sublimatū, Hydrargyrum, and like these in fourme following.

Bulliant ad consumptionem quarte par­tis. And this water is of maruelous ope­ration.

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But when this is applied, haue in a re­dines vng. de Bol. armeno, and applye it to the places round about, to preserue the partes nighe therto, duely considering the quantitie of superfluous fleshe.

Of the discoloured Vlcer vvith hardenes of the edges.

VUhen the Ulcer is discoloured, & the edges hardened, note if y^e hardnes be but small, it may be cured by resolutiue medicines, whiche be these.De vlc. de colore cū labiorum duritie. Ping. Anser, Gal. Anatis, Vituli, Bouis, Vrsi, Leonis, & [...]orum medullae, and of thē, those that be newest are beste, muche profitable also be these viz Ole. Lill. Amigdal. dul. Lū ­bric. Vulpinū, Oesipus, Muccag. Alth. Lini, Fenugr, omnia gummi genera, Ba­filicon, [Page] Diachilon, Emplastrum de muc­cagine, Medulla cruris bouis, cum Muc­cag, al thee, Dragagan. & Terebent. Ole. Omphacino & exigua cerae parte.

If by gentle medicines the hardnes a­mend not, then scarifie the edges, and lay on them Mercurie in poulder, then apply some of the aforesayde medicines, or vse a cauterie, or incision, els strong medicins, as is aboue mentioned, first knowing the Pacientes minde, and then the sense and situation of the member.

Of the Vlcer vvith tumor in the the Veines.

OF this we haue litle to entreate,De vlc. cū varicibus. whē (as touching this matter) wee haue spoken sufficiently in the Ulcer with tu­mor. This only resleth, that the Ulcer can not be cured till the tumor in the veines be taken away with often bathinges, and [Page 23] after a sorte nourishing, the which being taken away with the accidētes aforesaid, either it will cure it selfe, or els receiue the cure of a simple Ulcer.

Of the Vlcer vvith putrefaction in the Boone.

IF in an Ulcer the Boone be also putre­fied,De vlc. cū ossis carie. the Boone is firste to bee bared by corrosiues, or other wyse as is aforsayd, & so much of the boone as is corrupted must be taken awaye, till the Boone appeare bloudye, and afterwarde applye this fol­lowing.

Puluerizentur subtilissi. Which being mixed cum Melle, vng. Regis, vel Egip­tiaco, apply to the place, & lay alofte Em­plastrum Diacalcitis vel diuinū. When [Page] the Boone putrified lieth so deepe that it cannot be come by with instrumente, pre­pare this iniection following.

Mel Ros. cola i quart. Infuse them all in wyne, and still them in Limbecke, and iniec [...]e into the Ulcer of the water thereof twise in one daye.

Neuerthelesse if the Boone be greatly corrupted, nothing can be better therfore then Cauterie, for safely and speedely it drieth both the bottome and toppe.Rationem habe ad cauterij ca lidiratem. Not­withstanding, so order the heate of the Iron, that it serue aptly, both for y^• depth and quantitie of the Boone corrupted, for we haue seene that to hotte and vehement [Page 24] cauteries, expelleth not so sone the Boone corrupted, but haue spoyled it with cor­ruption. But if the corruption lye ye [...] deepe, after thuse of your first cautery (to the ende it may be more easely auoyded) to make the Boone sounde and whole,Terebra erit multis foramini­bus aperic̄da. it shalbe moste expedient to pearse it with many holes, vntill some bloud appeare, & in those holes to applie a cauterie, by meanes whereof, the Boone may be very well dried. Or els fill them with Aqua forti, so shall the Boone be dried, and by litle and litle, expell that is corrupted.Sub eaque natura car nem gene­rabit, ne sa nū os aere externo i­terum cor­rumpatur. And vnder that shall nature incarnate fleshe, to preserue the sounde Boone from the corruption of outwarde aire. To con­clude, the Boone corrupted shalbe exclu­ded, and none, or very litle humor shall fo­lowe it. After the Cauterie hath bene ap­plied the three first dayes, and the Escar remoued, thē good it is to powre into the Ulcer Ol. Ros. cum Oui albumine, and the three dayes following, vse a digestiue made Ex Oui vitello & Rosaceo, deinde Butyrum cum Melle. The reste of the cure for the Boone corrupte, maye hap­pely be wrought by this water followīg.

[Page]

Bulliāt lento igni ad sublimati dissolu­tionem, and keepe it to thy vse in pure Uial. And after the vse therof the sequele is profitable.

Powder them together very small, and put thereof into the Ulcers orifice. Els mixe it with hony, or vng. Regis cū melle or vng Egiptiaco, and applie that to the Boone corrupted, after the vse of the wa­ter, and laye on alofte, Emplastrum Dia­calciteos, or diuinum, or this plaster fol­lowing, whiche enduceth the Boone cor­rupted, doth mundifie, and incarnate, by vse whereof I neuer fayled.

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Mixe them together, and make thereof a plaster, whiche applie after the vse of the water and poulder, or linamente as is a­foresayde.

And finally, if the Boone be corrupted through vs (que) ad medullam, the remedy is only to seperate the member, except it be capite coxendicis, vel spina dorsi, and thē it is best to flee the cure.

Of the malignaunt Vlcer cal­led Cacoethes.

IN curing these kyndes of Ulcers,De vlc. malig. quae Cacoethe vocantur. the causes must first be diligently searched, to witte whether it be Plethora, Caco­chymia, or Cachexia, els an vniuersall in­temperature, or of some inward part, as [Page] the Liuer, Splene, Uentricle, Ulcered part, swelling of the Ueines, hard edges, weakenes of the affected part brought to passe by euill humors therein heaped, or the causes aforesayde.Tolle cau [...]fam ante affectum. Therefore let vs take awaye the causes according to their natures then by diet, Phlebotomie, and purgation to suppresse the members in­temperate, whatsoeuer it be, and in what part. As for intemperature, looke before in the chapter of the Ulcer with intempe­rature. And commonly in these kinde of Ulcers, we haue prescribed to the pacient the vse of Guiacum, Guiacum his procest with happie successe, after the vse of common purgation, but in them whose humors and iuyce is profita­ble, a diet is sufficient, but if the vlcer see­me bathed in humors, it is tyme to re­straine thē. For the tumors Varices, thou hast a proper chap. but for intēperature of the inner partes, take coūsell of the Phy­sition. And as touching Ulcers maligne and harde to receiue Cicatrice,V [...]l emens [...]xi [...]atio est summa curatio. the sum or chief scope of curation is vehement ex­iccation of the biting humors, whiche is brought to passe per repellentia, and dis­cutientia. Hauing good respecte to re­ [...]resseth [Page 26] at whiche floweth, and to take a­ [...]aye that which is infixed. And for this [...]urpose these folowing are moste expe­ [...]ient. Aristoloch. Corticis Radi. Caparis. Malicorium, Radix Pannacis, Sarcocol­ [...]ae, Vitrum Combustum, Testae pisciū Vstae. All metalles burnte likewyse are profitable, as Cadmia, Calchitis vsta, & [...]ota sub Canicula, & cum aceto trita, Antimonium, Diaphriges, Plumbum [...]vstū lotū, Squamma aeris & ferri, Sco­ [...]ia plumbi, Erugo rasilis vsta & lota, om [...]nia Aluminis genera, Terra sigillata.

But a further respecte must be had to the bodie, for that in some bodies the me­talles and suche like aforenamed medi­cines, must be washed before they be mi­nistred, but in harder bodies, without daū ­ger, certaine of them may vnwashed bee applied, because in suche parties the mē ­bers sence is more dull.Habe ra­tionem ad corporis habitum & sensummé brorum. Wherefore firste let the Ulcer be washed with an astringēt decoction made with Allome water, like as followeth.

Stirre these together and distille them, let the Uler with the water thereof [...] washed twyse in the daye, whiche wa [...] also muche auayleth to conglutina [...] woundes. Afterwarde.

Make thereof an vnguente.

All whiche being brused, and mixt toge­ther, infuse them one whole daye, & boyle them a litle, adding therto.

Mixe them well in a Marble mortar. Hereto also may be added Argent. viui, i. ounce, but it profiteth more, first to vse the [Page] poulder of Mercurie, after the water a­foresaide, and after the vnguent.

Of the virulent corroding and feding Vlcer.

THese kind of vlcers which differ ou [...] Secundum maius & minus, must ha [...]ue the Methode of their cure consiste [...] three thinges onely.De vlcere [...] Firste in a diet col [...] and drie, secondly by euacuation of the a [...] [...]ecedent matter, both by Phlebotomie [...] it seme profitable as also by medicines [...]iccatiue, as is sayde in Herpes and Eri [...] pelas. Also particuler reuulsions are [...] modious, as cupping, frication, and b [...] ­ding the contrarie member, or vse of vn [...] de Bolo, to beate backe the matter flo [...] ­ing.Catartica Particula­res reuul­siones con [...]erent. The thirde scope is referred to me [...]cines colde and drie astringent and dis [...]tient. Conuenient simples be these, Le [...] ­tes, Arnoglos a Solanum, Sūmitates [...]bi, Fol. Vlmi & Papaueris, Fol. & fruc [...] Cydoniorum, Mirti, Balaustia, Cort [...] Granatorum, Galla omphacitis, Accas [...] Bolus armenus, Cortex thuris, Nucl [...] Mirobal. Mastiche, Simphitum, Plum [...] [Page 28] vst. & lotum, and all metalles mentio­ned in the aforesayde chapter. Of whiche both fotions, linimentes, vnguentes, ce­rotes and emplasters, profitable for thy purpose may be made.Sit mali­tia vlc. pri­mo extin­ct [...]. And some vse to applie the poulder of Mercurie, first to take awaye the mallice of the Ulcer and corrosiō, and leaue it the space of a whole daye in the Ulcer, applying aloft vng. de Minium, vntil the malice of the Ulcer be quite extinct. Afterwarde washe the Ul­cer and the partes nighe therto, with al­lome water, as in the chapter a foresaid, or as foloweth.

Distill them all in a leaden still, and vse it, or els these waters folowing, which is right profitable for Ulcers, filthie and corrosiue.

[Page]

Boyle all these in sufficient quantitie of Smithes water, whiche done, in that water washe the Ulcer, which in wōder­full manner will drie. All these may bee taken to the decoction, or some of them, wherof also if it be thought cōueniēt, you may adde more colde things, as Hēbane, mandrag, and Popie, if there bee muche hote intemperature ioyned with the Ul­cer. [Page 29] To the addition, further may be an­nexed bonie, to mundifie if thou vse it to a filthie vlcer. Or.

Boyle them altogether til the Allome and Sugar be melted, & there with washe the Ulcer. Whereto also if thou ad Mel­lis, one ounce, It shall not be a litle pro­fitable for all filthy Ulcers.

Els.

Boyle them together in a glasse vessel, to the consumption of the fourth part. And this water or the other, shalbe proued pro­fitable.

After the Ulcer be washed, applie ther­to vng. de Minio, or de Plumbo, or vng. [Page] rub. cum Camfora, or vng. Album Cam [...]forat. or vng. de Pompholigo.

Or els.

Mixe them diligently in a leaden mor­tar, or if you will, this.

Mixe them in a Leaden mortar, with water of Plantaine, and ad therto.

Fiat (que) vnguentum.

Or.

[Page 30] to be mixed, and if thou ad to a litle Ce­ruse, it shall better preuaile for all Can­crous dispositions, but it wilbe better if thou ad therto Leade macerated in white wine. Or by putting to Nucem cipressi, Tuthiam, Boracem, Aes vstum, & Anti­monium, of it shalbe right excellent for Ulcers that be hard, to receiue cicatrice.

Or.

Puluerizen````````````````tur tenuissime ac simul co­quantur tres horas, adding to.

Make thereof an vnguent.

Make thereof a cerote.

Boile them together (the herbes being first brused) to the cōsumptiō of y^e iuyces. [Page 31] Then ad to.

Make thereof a Cerote.

If the Ulcer bee not ouercome by these or suche like medicines, but exepeth more and more, then Cauterie is to be vsed, or this folowing.

(Whiche represseth the sharpenes of the sublimate) i. dragme, mixe them, or Sub­limatum mixt with Vng. album. And after the escar be remoued, vse Vnguen­tum de Calce & de Pompholigo, mixte by equall portions, or the aforesayde me­dicines.

Of the filthie and putrefied Vlcers.

[Page]TO this kinde of Ulcer,De sordi­do acputri vlcere. diet, Phleboto­mie, and purgation belongeth, and af­ter purgation, the vse of Guiacū is right excellent, to drie & expell superfluous ex­crementes together with sweat, whereby they shall not resorte to the affected place. Simples in this case preuailing are these viz. Farinae Hordei. Fabarū, Cicerum, O­robi, Lupinorum, Aristol. Iris. Hiperi­con. Centaureum minus, the iuyce wher­of mixt with honie, is good against all fil­thie Ulcers. Also Marrubiū, Gentiana, Absinthium, Apium, Mel, and all bitter thinges, salce, &c. Wherof make lotions, Imimentes, and vnguentes. Washe the filth with Hidromel, Oenomel, or sea water, or ex Lixiuio iiii. ounc. cineris Cau­lium, & Cortices Fabarum, cū aquae plu­uiae. i. li. or iiii. ounces. Lixiuij mellis. i. ounce, Precipitat. ii. dragmes, or washe the Ulcer cum decoctione Rois, Balaust. Cortices Mirobalani Citrini, Rosarū & Mellis. Wherto also it may profite to ad Alumen. Notwithstanding, you must di­ligētly marke least in filthy vlcers, thou vse medicines to muche astringent, seing suche thinges doth greatly harden the fil­thines, [Page 32] and make it after, more difficult to be remoued and mūdified. It doth profite els to wash it with Lie, in which is dissol­ued Egiptiacum, and then to vse Egiptia­cum alone, or mixt cum vng. regis, respec­ting the great store of filthines. Els to vse this mundificatiue folowing which is ex­cellent.

Make an vnguent thereof.

Or,

Make thereof an vnguent, adding of Mirrhe. iii. drag. or in steede thereof the yolkes of Egges.

[Page]Els.

Let the iuyces boile with the honie, the [...] adde Farinas, and being mixed and taken from the fier, ad thereto Terebentinae & iridem, And for this scope of cure, these also are profitable, Vnguentum de Resi­na, or vnguentum Fuscum Nicolai, or vng. Apostolorum, or vng. de Gummi, or vng. Diapompholi. cum Mercurii pulu. for that doth verie well mundifie. So li­kewyse auaileth Emplastrum Gratia dei [...] Emplastrum diuinum, Emplastrū rub. Grec. Gal.ij. ad Glautonē bis coloratum, whiche as Galene affirmeth, doth aptly mundifie, and draw­eth the filthy matter and corrupted bones from the botom to the outward parte of the Ulcer.

Or els,

Dissolue the Gūmes in vineger, boile the Litarge with the Oile, Waxe, and Rosin, and in the ende put in Eruginem [Page] Rasilem and the rest.

But if the filthines growe to putre­faction, then must the Ulcer bee washed with Oxicrate or Muria, and then to ap­plie ex Carnibus piscium salsorum, Fa­rinae Orobi. Aristolo. long. Scilla, & mel, Boiled in wyne, in fourme of an Empla­ster, or vnguentum Egiptiacum, and in depe Ulcers, the decoccion aforesayde, or Aenomelle or Egiptiacum Lixiuio dissolut. is to be iniected. Or the excellēt medicine of Auicen, Medicamē tum Aui­cennae. made in this fourme.

Make thereof an vnguent.

But whilest wee goe about thus with vehement medicines to mundifie the Ul­cer, it behoueth to vse Vnguentū de Bolo & Puluilli ex Stupis oxicrato, to auoyde [Page 34] inflammation, which is conuersaunt with payne,Vitāda est inflāmatio qua dolor accersitur. which must needes be increased by such vehement medicines.

Neuerthelesse, if this feeding or eating doe dayly more & more corrode the partes nighe therto, then medicines that belong to maligne Ulcers are here expediēt, and nowe and then to take awaye by incision, that whiche is putrefied and corrupted, whiche may also be done by hote Iron, or sharpe medicine, suche as Trochisis, As­phodeli & Trochis de arsenico, or this fo­lowing, which pearseth vehemētly with­in the space of an houre, and causeth lesse paine then either Arsnick or sublimatū.

Let them all remaine mixed with Liee whereof Sope is made, the space of seuen dayes, afterwarde straine it, and boyle it to the hardenes of a stone, or to a sufficient [Page] thickenes and drienes, ad to (if you will) Saponis moll. one ounce. And this not onely auayleth to take awaye fleshe, but also to consume Fistulous hardenes. I [...] shalbe good also to vse Aqua sublimata, as is in the aforesaide Chapiter, whiche without great paine doth corrode & heale both the Ulcers of the mouth and other partes. Or vse this in liquid fourme fol­lowing.

Melte them together, and adde therto Hidrargyri sublimati, one ounce. So stirre them together till they be cold.

Or,

Make it in poulder, and strewe it into the Ulcer, els rowle Bombast on thy in­strumēt, & fasten it in the Ulcer or Ueine, where hence the bloude floweth. Which is is astringent and hath power to caute­rize, and then to finishe, flye to the cure of Gangrena, or Sphacelus, and also for this purpose many thinges are to bee founde [Page 35] profitable in the chapiter aforegoing.

Of the deepe and Crooked Vlcer.

THe methode in curing depe and croo­ked Ulcers,De profū ­do ac simi [...] so vlc. appertaineth to diet and other vniuersall order, according to the disposition of the bodie, and Ulcers, for­seeing and preuenting all paine, intem­perature. &c. associating the Ulcer, for alwaye the causes bothe efficient and fa­uouring, must be resisted. The parte af­fected must be so ordred, that the Ulcers orifice, may decline downward, whereby the matter may more easely auoyde [...], but if that can not bee done, incision is to bee made from the orifice to the bottom of the Ulcer, chiefly if the hollowenes be along or nere the skinne, els if the imminēt daū ­ger prohibite the same in the botome, at the least it ought to bee opened, and an­nointed with a mundifying vnguent. The which if it cannot be fitly applied, then in to the hollowe and crooked corners, must iniections mundicatiue be ministred, for whiche purpose, these or suche like, are [Page] profitable. viz. Oximel, Oenomel, of a­stringent wyne, Aqua alluminosa cum melle, Lixiuium, Aqua marina, Egipt. ac pulueris Mercurii. Dissolued in hony & lye, as in the aforesayd chapter.

Make thereof iniection. Or,

Make iniection. Or,

Coquantur in Mellicrato, and make thereof iniection.

[Page 36] And when the Ulcer is sufficiently wel clensed, then vse this folowing to regene­rate the substaunce.

Boyle them in water, & in half a pound of the strained liquor dissolue,

Make thereof iniection. Or,

Boile them to the consumption of the thirde parte, whereto may bee added if it seme requisite some Aloes.

[Page]

Make thereof an vnguent, and this or the aforesayde, shalbe auaileable. After­warde applie this cerote folowing.

Boile them together at a gentle fier, to sufficient thickenes, euer stirring it, and after ad to it.

Boile them together againe, stirring them still, and make thereof a cerote.

Fitte also to bee applied alofte is Em­plastrum de Minio, vel Apostolo. Chi­rurg. vel Diacalchiteos, wherto to increse exic [...]ation and astriccion, we may mingle Nonnihil calchitidis, Corticis Granat. & [Page 37] Gallarum Omphacitidū in pul. redact.

In the meane season, let vs defende the nighe partes with medicines partlye re­pellent, and partly discutient, or washe it with this decoction folowing.

Boile them in Lee or sower wine to the third part, and make a fotiō, or take other astringentes, namely Sumach, Plantago, Balaust. Herb. Rosar. Mirt. And boile thē in wyne. Also it were profitable to applie a peece of Leade in the orifice, and to vse ligatures, so that the matter may auoide, or a sponge likewyse in the orifice, that by [Page] the sucking and drawyng thereof, the Ul­cer may be dried.

Of the Fistula.

DUe diet being prescribed,De fistula. and the bo­die according to y^t nature of humors, being prouidētly purged, the inner parts are next to be strengthened, and this de­coc [...]ion folowing to bee geuen in drinke. Whiche hath bene proued and tried by sundrie Authours, exceeding cōmodious in this kinde of case.

Boyle them in whyte wyne, adding to Zacchari, q. s. and let the party take of the decoction daily a prety quantitie. And good it were to ad to the same decoction, [Page 38] Guiacum. And after Callus be remoued and taken awaye, the vse of Guiacum in wyne or water boyled, hauing respecte to the strengthe and humors, and how much or howe little drying is expedient.

IniectiōsIniectio­nes confe­runt. here are also profitable, such as is afore in the chap. of the crooked Ul­cer, or els make a decoction ex Radic. fi­licis, Agrimoniae, & foliorum Oliuae, wherein dissolue Egiptiac. or Apostolo. as shalbe needefully required.

Or,

Rec. Lixiuij ex cineribus brassicae & cortic. Fabarum. iiii. ounces, whereto ad Mel. Rosar. one ounce and a halfe, Alu­minis, halfe an ounce. Boile them a litle, then take the decoction. iii. ounces, wher­to ad Pulueris Precipitati, halfe an oūce. Make thereof an iniection, or vse the de­stilled water Stercoris humani.

Els.

Infuse them in whyte wyne, and A­qua vitae, and distille them, and vse this di­stilled water for an iniectiō to the Fistula. And after the infection, applie one of the Emplastres aforesayde, as Emplastrum Diuinum, or Gratia Dei. Some appoint to fill the Fistula with Hellebory, and so to remaine three daies, Notwithstāding, I hauing proued the like once in a Fistula of the ridge of the backe, next the region of the harte, there chaunced to the pacient Lipothimia. Hellebo­rus in ali­qua parte thoracis tutus non videtur. To conclude, I iudge it no­thing profitable, chieflye if the Fistula be in any part of the brest. If the Fistula bee newe, it is cured with the aforesayde re­medies, but if it be old, & the orifice streit, it must well be enlarged, either with Pe­nicillo, or a tent of Gentian, or a Sponge [Page 39] often prepared.

Melt the waxe with Rosin, and then ad to the sublimate, and in that mixture dip the Sponge, and straight take it foorthe least it be burned, and presse it diligently and so apply it to the orifice of y^• Fistula, the which when it is large enough, must be rooted out, either with sharper medi­cines, incision or cautery, els cut it in the botome, and applie thereto a cauterie.

Medicines whiche take awaye the Fi­stula are these. viz. Trochi. Asphedi Hel­leborū. Auripig. rub. sublimatum, or the sublimated water aforesayd, Arsenicum, or Trochi. de Arsenico, but if thou mi­nister Arsnick thre or foure times, mixed and dried with the iuyce Solani, & Man­dragorae. ii. ounces, then vse thy defensi­tiue round about, as Vng. de Bolo arme. &c. least perhaps by the paine, inflamma­tion doe happen.

When the Fistula is where it may not [Page] safely be cutte, nor yet any cauterie fit to be applied, then make sharpe iniections, amongest whiche wee haue often proued this very profitable.

Boile these to the halfe, and vse these for iniection three dayes together.

The iniection being done, close vp the orifice of the Ulcer, with waxe, or bom­bast, so that that within, maye moue and consume the Fistula, els vse Aqua forti, or the cauterie aboue written. After the vse of the cauterie and sharpe medicines, endeuour to take awaye the [...]skar, and af­ter to remoue Callus, and washe the Ul­cer, cum mulso, or decoctione erui cum melle. Furthermore.

[Page 40] Mel. Rosar. col. one ounce and a half. Make thereof a decoction, to the consum­tion of halfe the iuyces, afterwarde ad to

Wherto if thou ad Radi peucedani, Ireos Mirrhe and Sarcocoll. It shalbe profita­ble to regenerate flesh. Other order is to be vsed like as in the chapiter of the deepe Ulcer. When it seemeth not expedient to cut away Callus, neither to vse cauterie, nor sharpe medicines, it only resteth to a­uoyde the cure. Yet purge often the fleg­maticke humors, and melancolike, and with medicines meanly drying, and Em­plastrum Diachilon Ireatum, or Dia­calciteos.

Of the Vlcered Canker.

THe methode of curing the Cankred Ulcer,De cancro Vlcerato. by diet and purgation, shall be the same, prescribed in the tumor Canker. If it be in the outward part of the bodie, whiche may be safely taken awaye with the rootes, must bee cutte wholy, and the grosse bloud of the veines nighe thereto [Page] pressed out, afterwardes the lippes of the Ulcer to be taken awaye, and finishe the cure in some with medicines cauterizing, in others to consume it with a cauterie, or after incision & expression of the veines, to applie the cauterie. And amōgest cau­terizing medicines, Arsnick in this case is principall, or the cauterie aboue written, but then vse defensatiues to auoyde inflā ­mation. Then take away the eskar, and proceede as in other Ulcers. But if the Canker be great, and haue deepe rootes, or be neare some principall member, or inwarde parte, or the party cannot suffer excisiō, either through weakenes or feare, or that by the cure thereof, hee should in­curre greater daunger, it is enough then to hinder the Canker to encrease, by diet, purgation of adusted or melancolike hu­mors, and that gently with drying medi­cines, without mordication or biting. And this potion is exceeding profitable to bee vsed nine dayes before excision, taking e­uery daye twoo ounces thereof, whiche preuayleth also though the cure be despe­rate.

[Page 41]

Make thereof a decoction, wherin dis­solue zacchari. q. s to make it pleasaunt, washe the place also with the one parte thereof, and applie Magma thereto in forme of a Cataplasme, which is thought much to delaye paine. And among simple medicines, these folowing, doe moste pro­hibite the increase of the Cankar. The iuyce of Night shade, Sorel. &c. and their stilled waters, also Plumbum, Antimo­nium, & other like colde & drying things, as Vnguentum Album, vng. Lithargy­ri, vng. de Plumbo pulu [...]r. cum vino al­bo aut Succo acetosae, vng. de Pōpholig. [Page] or those mixt with the aforesaide herbes in decoction, or waters of Camfer. Or this water folowing cannot bee in vayne applied.

Destill them all in a Leaden still, and with the water washe the place, and laye vpō it a clothe, dipped in the same water, [Page 42] whiche water is esteemed excellent.

Stirre them in a Leaden mortar toge­ther to a whyte ointment. Or.

Mixe and make thereof an oyntment in [Page] a Leaden mortar. Or,

Make thereof an oyntment according to arte. Or,

Boile them to the consumption of t [...] iuyces, and ad to the pouders.

Some vse to washe the Ulcer dayl [...] with wyne, wherin Tapsi barb. hath be [...] [Page 43] boiled. Others with water of Night­shade, Plantaine, Roses, cum Corticae Mirobal. & modico Aluminis, somwhat boyled, then to stirre the iuyce of Night­shade in a Leaden mortar, to the fourme of a liniment, and so applie it.

Stirre them in a Leaden mortar, to the fourme of a liniment.

Of the Vlcer containing vvormes.

TO prohibite the generatiō of wormes in Ulcers,Devlce [...]e Vermino­so. it is requisite firste to take [Page] awaye all moisture & putrefactiō wherof they may be engendred, wormes are de­stroyed by the iuyces or decoctions, Ab­sinthij, Eupatorij, Centaureae, and such bitter thinges, so doeth the iuyce of t [...] leaues and flowers of Peaches, bein [...] brused and applied. Or,

Boile them to the fourme of an Empl [...] ­ster, whiche thou maiest vse in any par [...] where wormes be. Yarrowe also is commended for the killing of wormes, both men and beastes, geuing one drāme the [...] of for wormes in the bellie, & that in ch [...] ­dren, and to bigger folkes greater qua [...] ­titie, and an in [...]ection made thereof, kille [...] wormes in the eares.

Of burning.

If it bee great,De Com­bustione. i. problem. a thinne diet then, and [...] ­ders vniuersally must be prescribed, a [...] cording to the dominion of humor sin [...] [Page 44] bodie. Aristotle estemeth it profitable, that the parte or member burned, may be holden somewhat to the fier, that thereby one heate maye drawe foorth another, and keepe it from blistering. Others with the same reason doe applie Onions with salce. But the cōmon remedies are these. viz. Aqua Solani, Rosar. vel Endiuiae, lōg beaten with the white of an Egge, but to mingle Uineger therwith, I allowe not, bicause of the sharpenes thereof, but vng. Album & rub. cum Camfora, Albumi­ne Oui, & aqua Rosar. is very good and prohibit the generation of blisters.

Or,

Rec. Butiri recētis, vel Olei sepe loti. iii ounces. vng. Populionis, one oūce and a half, Oua. ii.

Mixe them in four me of a li [...]iment, els ex Succo Solani, & Semperuiui, oleo vio­larum & Cera, make a liniment.

Or take the water wherein a Lime­stone hath bene quenched, & boyle it with the Oile of Nuttes, then stirre it till it be thicke, and an [...]int the place therewith seuen daies, and it is a present remedy, the seuen dayes ended.

[Page]

Stirre thē together, which is not to be vsed before the generation of blitters, but after they be opened.

Make thereof an vnguent.

If the burning seme very great, ad to Mucaginis, sem. Psilii, and Olei de Nim­phea. There is another vnguent made of Lime, mencioned before, whiche wil­lingly I vse not to the face, for that it to muche draweth a Cicatrice. Or,

If neede bee to mundifie vse this fol­lowing.

[Page 45]

To thicke it.

And then to induce and excellēt Cicatrice.

Make the vnguent.

The Cicatrice being made, anoint it daily with y^• oile of the yolkes of Egges, and after the combustion for the repletion of the Ulcer, This folowing is laudable.

Boile them together, and make therof an vnguent.

Vlcers of the head.

THe curation of Ulcers of the head,De capitis Vlceribus. dif­fer not from the aforesayde methode, viz. corroding Ulcers are cured by the me­thode of corrosiues, and the putrefied Ul­cer by like medicines, saue that the out­warde skinne of the head of natural tem­perature, requireth strong exiccatiues, & if Craneum be putrefied, howe it shalbe remoued, is afore mencioned.

Of the mouthe.

IN this disease is requisite a thinne diet,De Acho­ribus seu tinea. and suche as may decay all Flegmatike and Melancolie humors, and besides that to haue euacuation of humors, partly by Phlebotomie, if strength and age do per­mitte, and partly by purging medicines like as is prescribed in Oedema & Scirrho wherfore this folowing, also is profitable.

Then approche to cōmon or simple me­dicines, first therefore shaue or powle the head neare, and washe it sixe dayes toge­ther, with the decoction ex Fumaria, Oxilapatho, Folijs Hederae, Oleastri, Sa­licis, Sic [...]ae, Acetosae, Herbae Roberti, or Lixiuium exciner [...]bus sarmentorum vi­tis, Fraxini & braslicae conficito, wherein boile,

Therewith washe the head, fiue or sixe dayes. Afterwardes.

Make thereof an vnguent. Notwith­standing, those sharpe medicines are not to be applied to Ulcers. Or,

Make thereof a liniment, wherewith anoint the head, being shauen before, and chaffed with a rough cloth till it bee very reed.

Make thereof a plaster, and applie it to the head. Wee haue often anoynted the head (being powled) with hony, and sprin­cled aloft the poulder of Rosin, and after applying Placentam ex farina Triticea, in fourme and maner of a cappe, and after eight dayes more, taking the heare away, vse this ointmēt folowing, vntill the cure be finished.

Make thereof an vnguent, wherewith anoint the head, after the vse as aforesaid, and this kinde of curation, is more safe & with lesse paine then others, whiche wee haue proued.

To encrease heares.

FIrst consider the cause of hear falling,Ad pllor [...] generatio­nem. viz. whether through raritie of the [Page] skinne, or defecte of nourishement, I es through corruptiō of humors, as in Mor­bo Gallico. If through raritie of y^e skinne, then are they to bee thickened moderatly if through want of nutriment, then apply nourishementes plentifully, but if it pro­ceade of corruption of humors, then pre­scribe a conuenient diet for the same, and purge the bodie according to the nature of the humors, mundifie the skinne of the head, & vse after such medicins folowing.

Make thereof an vnguent, and applie to the places where heare wanteth.

Or,

[Page 48]Rec. Sterco [...]is Muris, Cineris Apum, partes equales, cum Olei rosar.

Make thereof an ointment. Or,

Bruse altogether, and infuse thē nine dayes in red wyne, and then distil them in a double vessell.

Of the Vlcers of the eyes.

FOr the cure of these Ulcers, vse the ge­nerall orders, both by diet, euacuation, and all other vniuersall remedies prescri­bed in Cap. de Opthalmia, with a speciall respect to the nature of humors in the bo­die.De oculo­rum Vlce­ribus. As for medicines meanly mundifying and ceasing dolor, and biting, vse the like as in woundes of the eies, viz. Sir rosar [...] Mel Virgineum, Saccharum Candium, Aloe lota, Mirrha &c.

To glutinate or ioyne: Rec. Tuth [...]ae. preparat. Collirium de plumbo, Colli­rium [Page] album, siue Apio, Whiche being fine grounde together, dissolue them in a­quis rosar. Plantag. Caudae equinae, vel [...] lact. Caprino, vel muliebri.

Many mo fourmes of medicins, as wel [...] simple as compounde, are diuersly in Au­thours prescribed, neuerthelesse full litle commoditie haue I at any tyme by them founde.

Of the Fistula in the corners of the eies.

THe order aforesaid. viz.De Fistula lachrimari both diet, pu [...]gation, & other vniuersall medicines, is excellent good in the beginning, when the Fistula is not confirmed, filling the hollownes of the Ulcer, with a certaine light or woolly substaunce, founde about the roote of the reed, vntill it be cleane mundified. Also a Colliriū made ex Thu­re, Sarcocollae. Sang. Draconis, Balaust. Antimon. Alumi. mixtis ad partes equa­les, whereto ad quartam partem floris ae­rise, and the Collirium cum aqua pluuia­li. And I my selfe haue neuer founde [...] more excellēt medicine thē this folowing.

[Page 49]

Make therof a liniment, wherwith eue­ning & morning anoint the place, Amo­niacū also dissolued in A ceto cum erugi­ne rasili, wasteth this Fistula.

If the bone doe not putrifie, but onely tallous fleshe abounde, it may bee consu­med with vng. Egipt. or the poulder of Mercurie, or Asphodel. Afterward being well mundified, seeke to regenerate the fleshe.

But [...] if there bee putrefaction at the boone,Si fuerit ossis caries vse cauterie actual, for in this case it excelleth the potentiall, the largenes of Caries wil shewe the fourme of the cau­terie, so that the eie be safely regarded by laying vpon bombase in the white of an Egge, and couered with a siluer spoone.

An olde Fistula in this place, is scarsly curable, for the great default of the bone, and if it be cured, the eie will water con­tinually.

Vlcers of the Nose.

IN curation of Ulcers of y^e Nose,De Nasi Vlceribus. called Phagedenici, or Cācrosi, others call th [...] Noli me tangere, some prescribe diet and other orders, as In curatione Cancri, and vse cauteries, Other caustiek medicines, as is written in the chapter De Polipo. Or a Sponge dipped in Aqua Arsenici adding Olei De Euphorbio, which sepa­rateth the putrefied flesh, but some would haue those vsed onely in the beginning. And that wysely to be done, for ofttimes much vse of corrosi [...]es, maketh the Ulcer worse (as experience teacheth) but whe [...] the Canker is cōfirmed, it is best to leau [...] the cure, whiche if thou doe, to preseru [...] the partie prescribed a conuenient die [...] wherein all sharpe thinges, and whatsoe­uer shall heate the bloud, must be forbid­den, opening a veine in the spring time vsing purgations to au [...]yde burnt or M [...] ­lancolie humors, suche as be in the char [...] De Cancro tumore. Letting this medi­cine folowing be in vse twise in a moneth [...]

To be vsed [...] of the partie twyse in a mo­neth. The medicines likewyse expressed in Cap. Vlc. virulent. ac Cancricuratio­ne, ac de tumore nasi, may hetherto be re­ferred, and suche as foloweth.

Boile them all a litle, then streine thē and washe the Ulcer therewith.

Further,

Boyle them to the consumption of the [Page] iuyce, then ad to.

Stirre them together in a Leade [...] mortar, the space of one houre. Or,

Stirre them diligentlye in a Lead [...] mortar. Or,

Make thereof an vnguent in a Leaden mortar. Or,

Stirre them together in a Leaden mortar, to y^e fourme of an vnguēt, whiche greatly asswageth paine & delaieth heat.

If the edges of the Ulcer swell, then apply diligently Pul. Mercurii loti.

Vlcers of the mouth.

LEt vniuersall medicines be first vsed, (according to the nature of humors) then further prescribe.De oris v [...] ceribus. Topica. Si ab hum. cal. & acri.

And if the Ulcer be corroding, procea­ding of hoote and sharpe humors, this fo­lowing is profitable.

[Page] Make thereof a gargarisme.

If the Ulcer come of Phlegmatike hu­mors,Si abhum. pituiteo. washe the orifice cum vino albo, & modico Aluminis vsti. Applie also the Ulcer water sublimated.

This gargarisme folowing,E, quocū (que) humoresit iuua [...] haec decoctio. muche in this case auaileth, of what humor soeuer the Ulcer doe proceede, Calices Glandiū; Nuces Cipressi, Fol. Oliuae, Sumach, Plā ­taginem, Saluiam, Rosemarinam, Lent [...] & Rosas. Make a decoction of these in good fourme with a litle Aluminis vsti, adding to Mellis vel Zacchari. q. s. an [...] therewith washe the mouthe. Or, Oliuae fol. cū succo mali punici, & mell [...] ad colluendum coquito, and if there [...]e [...] great putrefaction, ad therto Egiptiacū.

But if the Vuula Si Vuula corrosa. be therwith pearced [...] touche or rubbe the Ulcered place with Linte, rouled in A quaforti, and then v [...] the afore sayde decoctions.

Notwithstāding, if it proceed A mor­bo venereo, Si a mor­bo Vene­reo. then firste beginne with du [...] purgation, & prescribe the partie a thi [...] diet, with the decoction of Guiacum, an [...] vse ointmentes requisit for that disease [...] strengthening the inner partes. Mundi [...] [Page 52] the Ulcer with the decoctiōs due, and pre­pare it to a Cicatrice. Then restraine the fluxe of humors to come from the heade. Use twyse a daye sublimated water, as is afore written, to touche the Ulcer with Lint rouled therein. Or,

Boile them in a glasse bottell, till the sublimate be dissolued, after let him wash his mouth with these folowing.

Make thereof a gargarisme. Or,

[Page]Make thereof a decoction, and take of the streined liquor twoo pounde, wherein dissolue,

Clarifie it, & make therof a gargarisme [...]

Or,

Mixe and make thereof a gargarisme or vse to washe it cum succo Pilosella [...] vino & melle, whiche is excellent.

In the beginning therefore mundi [...] it, then with astringent medicines fro [...] the weaker to the strongest, and lastly in­duce the Cicatrice, for whiche vse as fo­loweth.

Mixe thē, and eyther blow it vp or ra­ther being rouled vpon lint, applie it, for the blowing of poulders in the mouthe, doth minister daunger to Aspera arteria, sometime prouoking vehement coughe. And to staie defluxions frō the head, these following are auaileable.

Make it in fourme of a plaster, & applie it to the hinder part of the head.

Make thereof trochis, to be applied to the temples of the head, the partie keping the chamber close.

And with Sirup. de ros. siccis, make thē in fourme of Lupines, whiche he shall in the night holde in his mouthe, and in the daye Saccharum Candium.

If the Ulcer be in the palate, then bee more circumspect, bothe for raritie of the fleshe or corruption at the boone, whiche can hardely be taken away, but by caute­rie, whiche as a hurt perpetuall, for that they can neuer after speak perfectly, least the hole whiche remaineth bee stopped, whiche may be done with waxe, or better with an instrument of siluer, made in hol­lowe fourme. And further, with the bone of the palate, the bone of the Iawe also, may easely corrupte, and the teethe after fall fourth.

Vlcers of the Eares.

VLcers of the Eares,De a [...]riū vlceribus are to be cured, (both by diet and medicine) as the tu­mors [Page 54] in those partes, if after purgation, flegmes aboūde in the brayne, which may be auoided by y^• vlcer, vse these folowing.

Make thereof chewittes to be vsed in the morning before meate.

And the de­coction of Guiacū profiteth much.

In this case (considering the nature of the partie) thinges greatly drying & mū ­difying, are moste necessarie (according to the nature of the parties) and droppe in Olei de vitellis ouorū, cum melle & tan­tillo sarcocollae. Els when the paine is vehement, Olei de vitellis ouorum onely stirred in a Leadē mortar, till it be brown or blacke, then droppe it in the eare.

Or,

Droppe in thereof warme. Or,

Boile them, and distill thereof into the Eares, and if the Ulcer be new, that shal suffice.

But in old and filthie Ulcers, we haue neede of strōger mundificatiues, in which case Egiptiacum dissolued, is necessarie. And after some detersion, ad to Mirrhe, you maye also dissolue in Uineger Tro­chisc. Andronij, & droppe into the eares, the composition of the whiche Trochis. followeth.

Make the Trochis.

Scoriae ferri, fiue tymes quenched in sharpe wine, then dried and grounde with freshe butter, in fourme of a liniment.

When it is therein dissolued, wet ther­in clothes, foure or fiue times, & drie thē, and of them make tentes, whiche beeing anoynted with the aforesayde liniment, applie them.

Mixe them, and droppe thereof in the Eares.

First, institute diet and other generall orders,De axilla­rum & in­guinū Vl­ceribus. according to the disposition & na­ture of the bodie, Ulcer, and humors, and for as muche as these Ulcers are commō ­ly deepe, and cornered, with hardnes of the edges, iniections that mundifie & drie, are to be vsed as afore, in like Ulcers.

[Page]Or,

Mixe and make thereof in [...]ection, and let thereof remaine in the Ulcer twelfe houres Afterwarde, iniecte Lixiuium cū melle rosar. vel decoctum Hordei cum sacch. or Oenomel, els strong thinges to mundifie, as a mūdificatiue de Apio, and to strengthen the part, lay aloft Stupes dipped in sower wine.

If the orifice bee narrowe,Si orificiū augustum. enlarge it with sponge prepared, as aforesayde, or Radice gentianae.

If the lippes be indurated,Si labia dura. remoue the same, either with a hote Iron, or a caute­rising medicine.

Vlcers of the brest.

VLcers of the brest are to be cured by died,De pecto­ris vlceri­bus. Phlebotomie, and purgation, ac­cording to the nature of the bodie, and di­sposition of the humors and part affected, wherin therfore let vs haue recours to y^• curation of tumors.

[Page 56] Guido appointeth the decoction, Virg. pasto [...]is cum mel. Others to drinke daily a draught of Agrimonie water.

And some geue Aqua consolidae cum Rubarbari, & Mummiae. an. half a drag. If the Ulcer pearce not to the inner part of the breest,Cur [...]nda sunt quae non pene­ [...]ant tho­racis inter nam. it is curable as is spoken in the vniuersall chapters. But those which haue perced the inner part (if they be nar­rowe) must bee enlarged, either with sponge prepared, or the roote of Gentian, put into it fastened to a threed, lest it s [...]ippe into the bodie. Geuing good heede that y^• matter may be outwardly auoyded, lest it fall into the hollowe partes of the breest.

But where no ieopardie of the inner partes is eminent. Rec. Calcanthi, one ounce, Mel, rosar. ii. ounces. Mixe them and vse it with the sponge. If there be in­flammation, vse Vng. rosar.

Use iniections into the hollownes with Melicrato or Oenomilitae. Or

Make the decoction in equall partes of water and wyne, and in twoo pound of the streined liquor, dissolue Mel. ros. col. vi. ounces. Fiat iniectio.

Make thereof an vnguent.

[Page 57]Rec.

Or,

Make thereof a liniment.

Vlcers of the Bellie.

VLcers of the nether Belly,De vētris infer. vlc. whiche haue not pearsed the hollowe partes, are cured with the vniuersall methodes aforesayd, according to the nature & kind of the Ulcer.

But those which pearse the partes cō ­teined [Page] therein, the cure is rather to bee thought desperate then true, like the Ul­cers which pearce the inner partes of the breast, for as muche as suche commonly [...] growe to be Fistulas, which be either sel­dome, or neuer cured.

Vlcers of the priuie partes.

THe Ulcers in these partes,De puden­di vlceri­bus. do requ [...] both diet, Phlebotomie, and purgatie due, according to the nature of the bod [...] and humors, especially if they be great.

Ulcers in the outwarde partes of the yarde, are to be dried Cum aqua rosar. & Plantag. ana. ii. ounces, & Trochisc. alb Rasis. ii. dragmes, aut aqua aluminosa, [...] vnguento alb. cum Camfora, or vngue [...]tum de Plumbo, or Pul. Balaustiorū, [...] Bedegaris: vel pul. Cucurb, sicc. & vst.

If the Ulcers bee newe and virulen [...] creeping, and corrosiue, administer mi [...]ralles, burnt & washed, and Aloe & cor­tex Pini. Or,

Make thereof an vnguent. Or,

Make thereof a fine poulder, & cum Oleo ros. & Cera. Make thereof an vnguent.

If the Ulcers bee putrefied and olde, strewe thereon Pul. Mercurij, and washe it with this water folowing.

[Page]

Boile them a litle, and therwith wash the Ulcer, then after sprinckle aloft this poulder folowing.

Make it in fine poulder, ad therto San [...] Draconis. ii. scruples, & with that poul­der sprinckle the Ulcer. Or,

Boile them together, then ad to Erug. rasilis, iii. dragmes, therewith washe the Ulcer. Or,

Grinde them small, and boyle them a litle, and make thereof a collyrium, some in steede of Auripig. doe vse Alumen vst. whiche I iudge rather to bee done in Ul­cers not putrefied.

Oua. iiii. harde boyled, and grinde the yolkes diligently, & put therto Aquae vitae, twoo pounde, then after ad Alumi­nis, half an ounce, Camforae, tvvo drag. Eruginis rasilis, halfe a dragme, whiche being streined, washe thy liniments ther­with three or foure times euerye daye, and thou shalt wōder at the effect therof.

Some doe washe the Ulcer firste with [Page] Lixiuio & melle, afterwarde, cum Lixi­uio & Alumine vsto, then cum Lixiuio & Ostraciorum pul. And lastly Aqua vi­tae, cum pul Ostraciorum.

After lotions (if the Ulcer be filthie or virulent) the poulder of Mercurie or E­giptiacum, are commendable.

But if the daunger of Gangrena be e­minent,Si gangr. osculum emineat. then scarifie it deepely, and apply therto a cauterie, either actuall or poten­tial, and defende the circuit of the Ulcer, cum vngento de Bolo ar.

It fortuneth many times,St balanus preputio sit obtectꝰ the yarde doth marueilouslye swell, and chiefly the skinne, called Preputiu [...], wher with som­time the head of the yarde is so couered, that it can not be seene, and that the Ul­cer betwixt the head and the skinne, may not bee mundified, and then make a cata­plasme, ex decoct. Maluae, sem Lini, [...]ding therto Butyrum & ouum integrū.

Nowe if (by application of this cata­plasme, it cease not to swell, neither may be vncouered, & in the meane season, the Ulcer doe more and more corrode (which is discerned by doloure) then the skinne longwyse is to be cut, wherby the Ulcer [Page 60] may come to sight and be clensed. And if it be but small, peraduenture it shall suf­fice to make iniection with the aforesayde collirie, or suche like, but if it be great, ap­plie one day a collirie, cum Aloe & Mir­tha, and an other daye, pul. Mercurij.

Notwithstanding,Si ad mea­tus corro­dat. if the Ulcer so cor­rode, that it be commen to the wayes and conduites of the vrine, administer the col­lirie aforesayde, cum Mirrha & Aloe, & if it cease not therwith, or grow to amen­dement, applie a cauterie. But if the pain thereof doe oppresse, vse therto Vnguen­tum Pop. cum succo Solani, Plātaginis, Semperuiui, Fari. Hordei, & Olei Vio­lacei, & oui albumine. And for Canke­rous Ulcers of the yarde, & harde edges or lippes, the lotions aforesayd, are praise worthy. Or,

Boyle them together, and with the de­coction [Page] thereof washe the place, or vse it as iniection, then further applie vng. de. altheos & aureum, to mollifie the parte. And lastly the pouder of Mercurie, and ceratum de minio.

Vlcers of the vvombe and priuie partes of vvomen.

THese (as all others) doe require cura­tion,De vuluae ac vteri vl ceribus. both by diet, and purgation, ac­cording to the disposition of humors and natures of the bodye, the excrementes by the vrine, are not to be brought to that place, nor the belly vehemently to be mo­ued, but vomites whiche may profite by way of reuulsion, Phlebotomie also som­time is to be vsed, or the vse of Guiacum [...] after purgation, and these Opiatae fol­lowing, being vsed once in a weeke, an [...] very profitable.

Whereof let the partie take once a weeke, the quantitie of a nutte, with the decoction of Mercurie.

To prepare the humors.

Boyle them at a soft fier to the halfe, & dissolue in the streined licour, Syrupe de Fumo terrae, one pound, and let the par­tie take thereof morning and euening, sixe ounces vnto the ende.

Furthermore.

Make thereof a decoction, and in one quart of the streined liquour, dissolue cō ­fectionis hamech, ii. dragmes, electuarii diacartami, one dragme, Syrupi rosati so­lutiui, tvvo ounces. Whiche must bee taken after the aforesayde preparatiue.

To be taken twise or thrise in the weke, drinke after it a little wyne.

And to cōclude, those doe much auaile which we haue prescribed in the chapiter of Ulcers of y^e yarde. For in those as also these thinges strongly drying without bi­ting, are most auaileable. And in these vl­cers we may vse incisions, suffi [...]ures, fo­tions, lotions. &c.

In the beginning washe the Ulcer, or [Page 62] make iniection with whey and Sugar, or ex vino cū melle rosar. vel decoct. hord. cum syrup rosar. & melle rosa. vel Sac­charo rosat. Or,

Make thereof a decoction, in aqua Fabrorum, and in two pound dissolue,

Make iniection therwith in the begin­ning, and also whilest the patiēt vseth the syrupe preparing humors. After this folowing.

Make a decoction in water, wherein Lead hath bene quenched, and in foure pounde of the decoction, dissolue,

And make thereof an iniection after the vse afore sayde. Further,

Make thereof a liniment, wherewith anoint the pessarie, or dissolue it in part of the aforesayd iniection, and vse it so, but if [Page 62] this Ulcer doe spring ex lue venerea, ad to that liniment Hidrargyri, ii. ounces.

But if they be virulent corrosiue, or Ca­coethe, by and by in the beginning vse the poulder of Mercurie, or iniected with the decoction of Barley, with a litle Allome thereto added. Or if the Ulcer be filthie, dissolue vng. Egiptiacum, vel Apostolo. or other of the aforesayde mundificatiues. But where it seemeth sufficiently mūdi­fied, vse the aforesayde iniections or lini­ment, then encrease the dose of astringent medicines, or with poulders prescribed in the linimēt, sprinkle the Ulcer, to induce a Cicatrice. And for a more spedie waye of exiccation, vse this suffiture folowing, chiefly if these aforesayde, doe not auaile.

[Page] Excipiantur terebinthina, and make therof Trochises, which must be put vpō fier, and the fume receiued by a funnell.

Make thereof a liniment, wherewith anoint the region of the wombe, and whi­lest it is anointing, ad to a litle wine.

When the Ulcers proceed through the Frenche pockes, a thinne diet must be v­sed with the decoction of Guiacum, or vse vniuer sall vnctions, ex Hidrargyro. Cum vlc. sunt a lue venerea.

If inflāmation abounde, washe it with the decoction of Barley, cum mucagine psilii, & cydon. Si inflāmatio saper­ [...]nit. Iuiubarum, Sebesten, cūsucco plantag. Portulacae, Lacte bubulo, aqua rosacea, Oui albumine & Saccharo.

Or,

Make thereof a decoction in aequis part. aquae fabrorum, & rosar, and in two poūd thereof, dissolue syrup. de ros. siccis. iiii. ounces, Trochisc, albor. Rasis sine opio (if the heate and paine be vehement) halfe an ounce, Croci, ii. scruples, Passi three ounces. mixe them and make thereof an iniection, whereto may be added Vitellos tvvo, vel Muccag. sem. psyllii.

Sharpe griefe is to be delaied with in­cessions made of wyne, Camomil, Roses, and others.

If the Ulcer be growen to a cancrous effect, the cure is to be vsed as despered & [...]o be fled, and then auaileth (as in al other Ulcers of the wombe, decoction of taps. [...]arb. and the aforesayd collirie. After pre­pare vng. succi Solani, stirred in a leaden mortar & pestel, to the thickenes of hony.

You may vse also other vnguentes to drie and delaye the sharpenes of humors, whereof we haue spoken in the chapiter of the Canker afore.

The Hemerhoides.

THe reason of curing y^• Hemerhoides,De hemor rhoidibus. requireth a diet sufficiently thinne, & of those wherof excellēt bloud was wont to be engendred, and greatly to be auoy­ded, are all sower, Melancholie & grosse thinges: It shall be good sometime to o­pen the liuer vaine, and vse purgation purging grosse, sharpe and melācolie hu­mors. And as touching due purgatiō and diet, therefore peruse the curation of tu­mors. Notwithstanding, those whiche were accustomed to flowe, and haue bene long stopped, are to be opened, either with a launce aptly applied, or els a horseleach put to the place, first anointed with bloud, whereby shee may the better take holde, or open them with a plaster made ex alo [...] & felle bouis cum aceto, or make a suffi­ture ex decoct calamenti, origani, maluae in vino factae: Then make a cataplasme ex Helleboro nigro, mixt cū succi cepae, aut lacteficus, aut ex stercoris colūbini, one ounce, & succi tithymali, one ounce and a halfe. And it shalbe farre better if thou ad therto Felbubulum, & pulueris Staphysagria, vel ciclaminis. Or it suffi­seth [Page 65] to vse Fol. fici trita.

Make therof a fourme of anemplaster.

But when these aperitiues doe some­time induce vehement payne, and the sick partie not able to abide it, there is no o­ther counsell, but with scissoures to cutte them that appeare, whereby the bloude may flowe. And in the meane time, to mi­tigate the payne, it shall be profitable to vse a fotion, ex decocto Altheae, Maluae, Camomeli, Meliloti, seminis Lini. &c.

Or,

[Page]Make therof a decoction to washe ther­with the fundamēt, after mixe Vitellum oui cum Oleo rosaceo, vng. Pop. Opij, gra. ii. & tantillo Croci. and put it into the fundament.

Stirre them long in a leaden mortar, or Cepe aslum cum butyro misceto, aut oleum de sem. Lini, cum butyro & [...]ouo aut oleum de vitellis ouorum, aut oleū de nucleis persicorum. Or,

Boyle them to the consumption of the iuices, whiche being streined, vse it bothe outward and inwarde. Certaine Impe­rickes applie Scrophularia, vel Scabiosa, affirming that those herbes doe profite wondrous well. Or,

[Page 66]

Mixe them, and minister them with bombast. Els,

Boyle them, and adde therto Vitellos ouorum elixatorum. tvvoo.

Make thereof the fourme of a plaster, whiche shalbe muche better, if therto you ad Opij. one dragme. But if the Heme­thoides lie hidden within, they must bee drawen furth by boxing, or with the vn­guent applied with bomdast, els cum oleo Lumbricorum aforenamed, to delaye the [...]ayne.

When the Hemerhoides doe flowe im­moderatly, the diet must bee appointed [Page] with the vse of astringent and engrossing thinges. Medicines also to be vsed (accor­ding to the nature of the humor) whiche (notwithstanding though they lose) may leaue with them a certain astriction, such as is Myrobal. tamarindi, Rhabarb. &c. The vse also of this electuarie folowing, shalbe much auailable.

[Page 55] make thereof an electuarie in morsels.

As touching outward medicines, wash the fundamēt with water quenched with flint, els wherein Nuces cipressi, alumen vstum, and other astringentes haue bene boiled, and let the party receiue the fume thereof, or of the like things, make a bath or incession, but in wynter.

And in fourme of a plaster applie it to the fundament, and inwardlye minister this vnguent folowing.

Mixe thē, and ad to thē de pilis Lepo­rinis, cut very short. Or,

Mixe them cum ichthiocolla & gluti­ne fabrorum lignariorum dissolutis aqu [...] pluuiali calibeata, make thereof an e [...] plaster.

[Page 68]Make thereof a plaster. To conclude, whosoeuer will retaine or staye, the im­moderate Fluxe of termes, & in like sort, the Hemerhoides must beside medicines vse all kinde of re [...]ulsions.

Rasis to strengthen the Liuer, applied to the regions thereof Mastichen, Spicā, Cal. aromat. Ciperum, Squinanthū, Cro­cum, & Mirrham.

The Fistula of the funda­ment.

THe fistulous Ulcer of the foundament whiche is onely in the fleshe, is cured by the same meanes and methode, wher­of we haue spoken in the chapiter of the Fistula,De ani fi­stula. the diet being thinne and good, with other medicines and purgations, chiefly by the vpper partes, if it seeme ne­cessarie, likewyse with Phlebotomie, and enlarging the Ulcers orifice, and the cal­lous substaunce diminishing.

But if it haue,Quādo in­testinū pe­netrat. pearced the intrelles, put the finger anointed with oile of Ro­ses, into the foundament, & also Phaceo­lus that chaunceth in the fistula, is in like [Page] maner with the finger to be drawē furth, so that it may not erre, least perhappes by cutting the callouse substaunce, thou cut also the hemoroicall veines, yet incision seemeth better in my iudgement, then de­traction of Callus done by ligature. After incision applie Albumē oui cum puluere restrictorio, and then a digestiue ex tere­bentina & oleo.

Notwithstanding, great heede is to be taken, that Callus pearce not aboue foure fingers in length into any intrell, for if it doe, the cure is desperate and to be eschewed.

Nowe when it commeth, ad vesicam velos sacrū, passing beyond the part cal­led Sphincter, so that the said part named Sphincter, must be cut away:then folow­eth vnuolunt [...]rie excretion of egesrion. And then washe it twyse euerie day, with the decoction of Tapsus barb. in wyne, & iniecte of the decoction inwardly.

Fissures of the fundament and other partes.

FIssuresDe fissuris a [...], al [...]a [...]ū ­que partiū. in what parte soeuer they bee, must be anointed cum oleo de vitellis [Page 69] ouorum, vel de sem. Lini, cum mellis tri­ta tertia parte. Or,

Make therof an vnguent, which before it be ministred, moisten the fissures with the spetle of the sicke, it profiteth also for the Fissures, both of y^e breastes & lippes, as experience hath taught me. Els washe them with the decoctiō ex radic. altheae & sem. Lini, in vino & aqua.

Furthermore.

Make thereof an vnguent to mitigate the paine, and soften the hardnesse of the Fissures.

Make thereof an vnguent, whiche is very commodious, both to the Fissures, as also to the Ulcers of the foundament.

Or,

Make thereof a cerote.

Also Oleum Lini applied alone, or Oleū nucum, shalbe muche auaileable.

Vlcers of the Thighes, Legges, and Feete.

VLcers of those partes,De femo­rum tibia­rum & pe­dum vle. of what sort or kyndes soeuer they be, are to be cured by methode vniuersall, with the institu­tion of diet, Phlebotomie, and inwarde [Page 70] medicines, according to the habite of the body, and qualitie of the humors, with the disposition and kinde of the Ulcer, as in the cures of certaine tumors hath bene diligently handled.

And as touching outward remedies, the nature of the partes affected, must be aduisedly noted, & if the refuse of humors fall thereto, they are before all thinges to be stayde, both by vniuersall medicines, simple and locall.

In Sommer they are to be washed cū aqua Plantag. wherein some Alume is dissolued, and to be anointed cum vnguē ­to de Minio, and if they bee rounde, applie therto a cauterie of some other fourme and shape, and ease the partes from time to time.

Of the vvine vvhich Vlcered bodies ought to frequent.

OF this opinion is Galene, L [...]de s [...]nitatis tu­ [...]la. that all ex­cesse is to be eschewed especially, that whiche bringeth damage, both to the bo­die and minde. Wherfore, since wine doth engender to smal damage to Ulcered bo­dies: [Page 84] I suppose it best, not onely to coun­saile them to drinke but one draught, but vtterly to refrayne all sortes of wyne, for wyne hurteth the bodie, in so muche that it sendeth grosse vapours to the head, whiche being afterwarde expelled by the painfull trauaile of the brayne, doth rui­nously fall into the lower partes, & much hinder and endamage the healing or cu­ration of the Ulcered. And also for be­cause the nature of the members is much delighting in wyne, and therfore do draw it couetously to them before it bee concoc­ted, whiche then wonderfully doeth en­crease superfluities in y^e bodie, the whiche superfluous aboundance, nature (not be­ing able to redresse or amende) expulseth them to the outward members so plente­ously, that in shorte space they engender Ulcers of one kynde or other. I therfore vnfainedly doe suppose, that Hidromel ex decoctione Hisopi, & Betonicae, should be a meete and conuenient drinke for thē, the operation whereof is hoate and drie, diminishing cold, grosse, & moist humors, and aptlye strengthening the power of braine saith Galene, and whosoeuer rea­deth [Page] Galene in his first booke De tuenda sanitate, Li. 8. Sim­plic. medi­cament. and in his booke Exhortationis ad bonas artes, and in his thirde booke De temperaturis, shall plainely see the hurte that is receiued by drinking of wyne. But in Ulcered bodies, where doubt is also of dropsie, and in those, who (through vehe­ment appetite and breache of custome by the Physitians counsell) doe waxe sicke for the taste of wyne, to such (I saye) we must be compelled to pardon them for the drinking of a litle, or as neede requireth. The wine that is whyte in colour, is least hurtfull for them, the fuming force therof being delayed, so saithe Galene, Gal. lib. 1. de tuenda sanita. Et li. 5. de loc. affect. ca. 5. for suche wyne doth not only litle send to the head, but also maketh the stomach strong and forcible, but strōg wyne or vndelaide, doth the contrarie.

Of the fleshe meates vvhich they ought to eate.

FLeshe meates whiche in continuaunce of time, doe get to them the nature of earthie foode, substaunce or nourishment, are very euill for those that bee troubled [Page 85] with Ulcers,Galen. 3. De poten­tijs alimentorum. because they engender a grosser bloud then is conuenient, so saith Galene, for that their nourishement is rebellious and stubborne, & not strēgthe­ning the vertues in the body, as the fleshe of Beefe, Stagges, Rammes, and olde beastes that be gealte, neither is Swines flesh altogether cōuenient for such meates do grieue the stomack, engēdring a grosse nourishement sayth Galene, Gal. lib. 7. Meth. cu­rat. cap. 6. and nothing assistaunt to nature in digestion. Those meates therefore are verie fitte which be hoate and drie in temperature, for in the firste beginning the causes of Ulcers, are iudged to proceede of colde and moisture, and if any sodaine heate chaunce thereto, it is thought to be through putrefaction lying aloft. As by Galene we are plainly taught.Gal. in lib. de curatione per san­guin. mis­sionem. Wherfore the Thrushe, Owsell, wood Plouers, and al that gette their li­uing in drie places, are most of others cō ­uenient. Also domesticall birdes, as Ca­pons, Hennes, and houshold Doues, are nothing vnmeete, but greatly alowable, and together with these y^e Fesaunt, Par­triche, Quailes, and such like, are much agreeing. The meate of foure footed [Page] beastes whiche is alloweable to Ulcered bodies, are these and suche like. viz. Yong Conies, yonge Hares, which with their moiste nourishement doe cherishe & susteine the naturall heate, encreasing al­so the strengthe of the whole bodie, which is a trewe meane to restore the healthe of the body, wherefore by this it followeth cōsequently,Vlceribus infest [...] a­quatiles minime prosunt. that all waterfoules by their moist temperature and hardnes of dige­stion, are to bodies thus affected, moste hurtful & vnprofitable. viz. Gese, Ducks, &c. Neither is it doubtfull to any man, that the fleshe of Lambes is hurtfull to those, and that because they engender a substaunce to moiste, for so wee be taught by Galene. Galen. de cibis boni & mal. suc. Galen. 12. De temp. med. sec [...] ̄ ­dum locos Let them also which be affec­ted, beware of to muche pouldred meate, for Galene saith, that salt is noisome, espe­cially to Ulcers in the head.

¶Of Fishe.

BEcause Fysshe of theyr owne pro­pre nature exceadeth in aboundaunce of moisture,Gal. 6. vs. part. cap. 9 which (saith Galene) is rebel­lious to Ulcers, they are to be eschewed, [Page 86] both because they augmēt the cause of the Ulcer, and also for that they bee harde of digestion, moste chiefly (saith the same au­thour) those which are full of excrements,Gal. 3. De fac. alimēt, cap. 24. of the whiche sort are the fishe of Lakes, Marrishes, Muddie pooles, and stinking Pondes, for their meate is so excremētal, and so slimy, that thereby filling all the pores of the bodie, empaireth the strēgth of the members, and greueth or depriueth their functions, whereupon, payne, lothe­somenes, rottennes, and corruption of hu­mors are engendred. But those fishes, whiche are engendred in Lande floodes, and are nouryshed in harde stonie and grauellie waters, especially in quicke streames, are lesse hurtful, the meat ther­fore of those fishes whiche swimme in the pure and cleane sea, is very litle hurtfull to them, chiefly being taken when the sea is at a full water, and tossed with a quicke wynde, as manifestly it is to be founde in Galene. 3. De pot, aliment. cap. 24. For by so muche the fishe is the worse, by howe muche it is lesse exercised tossed, and troubled. Let them also be­ware of pouldred fishes, as I saide euen nowe of pouldred fleshe. And we prohibite [Page] generally al kind of fish, by what meanes soeuer they be taken or kept, for by their slimines they corrupt the humors, being very harde in passing, and difficult in di­gestion, and the more slimie the worse.

Of Egges.

GAlene sayeth,Galen. li. 3 De potent. aliment. cap. 21. that the Egges of crea­tures doe engendre good and perfecte bloud, as the Egges of Hennes. &c. For by the reason of the equalitie of their tē ­perature, they are iudged conuenient and agreable to all bodies, as well diseased as sounde, for they doe not onely engender good humors and commēdable iuyce, but also are of light digestion, & easie passage, greeuing very litle the naturall strength, as is euidēt in Galene. Lib. 3. De fac. alimēt. cap. 21. But let the egges be newe layde, or els they be rebellious to the nature of man, and be euill to digeste, engendring sundrie accidentes and euill dispositions. Let their Egges also be boi­led in water, for the rosted are harder of nourishement. &c Furthermore, it shalbe best only to eate the yolke of the Egge, be­cause the white is of colde and moiste tem­perature. [Page 87] Let the Egges also boyled, be rere, for they be of swift transiture, engē ­dring the best iuyce, and strēgthening the faculties of the bodie. But as Galene Gal. 3. De fac. alimēt. cap. [...]1. saith, the Egges whiche are fried, of all other are moste pernitious, and harde of digestion, wherfore all meates fried with Egges, are vtterly to be eschewed of bo­dies affected with Ulcers.

Of Milke.

BOth Milke, and what meate soeuer is compounded or made of Milke, are ve­ry rebellious to Ulcered bodies, for the [...]uming to the head, whereby grosse hu­mors are engēdred.5. Aph. 64. For Hypocrates saith that Milke to those affected with paine, causeth ache in the head, and is euill both to feuers and paine in the bellie. Also Ga­lene Gal. com­ment. 60. sayth, that Milke well boyled, doth nourishe well, and engēdre good humors, [...]t in affected persones doth touche the head, it is daūgerous, enducing the drop­sey in Ulcered bodies, therefore all forces of meates made with Milke, must bee of suche persones eschewed.

Of Cheese.

TO al that be affected with Ulcers, we forbydde the eating of Cheese, bothe for the aboundant slimines, which is ther­by engendred in humors, as also for that it maketh them slowly to digest.Lib. 3. De fac. alimēt. cap. 16. Galene being witnes, whereby saith he, the mem­bers (by the passage of those slimie hu­mors) are altered,Lib. 2. artis medici. and maketh ofte solu­tion of continuitie, causing paine in suche persones, and that so muche the more, by howe muche the chese is more salte, and older,Galen. 3. De poten­tijs alimen torū. ca. 16. for therby it is tarter, and therfore harder to digest, and maketh worse nou­rishment. And note that although Chese be of a diminishing facultie of grosse hu­mors yet is it vnprofitable, for by y^• naugh tines of the iuyce & boyling heate, it brin­geth more inconuenience, then the atte­nuation of grosse humors can profite. Since therfore there is a common faulte to all kindes of Cheese, let persones thus affected, ab staine from it.

Of Fruites.

OF Fruites (saith Galene) which men doe eate,Li [...] 2. fac. aliment. cap. [...]. whiche the auncient writers [Page 88] call Horarios, for because they spring in the hower of the yeare, whiche hower of the yeare Galene calleth that time, in the middest whereof the starre (whereof the Caniculer dayes bee named) appeareth. Of the whiche some are called fruites of the earth, of whiche sorte are Gourdes, Pompions, Citrons, Mellons, Coucu­mers [...] &c. Whiche because they are of a moist nature, and endewed with large humiditie, they doe not onely engender a moiste nourishement, but a slender humi­ditie, and that whiche is easely purged foorth of the bodie. Galene saith also,Lib. 2. De pot. alimē to. cap. 2. that that fruite both cōtaine a naughtie iuyce, encreasing the disease, and weakening the members, & almost depriuing their func­tions, wherefore to be taken as an vsuall seruice in Ulcered bodies we must flatlye deme. And those fruites whiche Galene calleth arboreous,2. De pot. aliment. cap. 7. are those growing vp­pon trees. viz. Figges, Peares, Apples, Peaches, Mulberies, together with the fruite whiche the Italians call Armelini, being a fruite accompted amōg the Pea­ches, and Cheries, Plummes, &c. Whose substaunce is soft and moist, not onely en­gendring [Page] the like nourishment, but also by their wyndines doe attribute no small hurte and paine to the affected bodies, and therfore are altogether to be forbidden. But if the bodie affected do feruently de­sier and earnestly (as it were) long after fruite, then may we permitte him to eate Figges that be well ripened, as thinges lesse hurtfull, lesse engendring euill hu­mors thē the Autumne fruites, although they be not altogether voyde of faulte, for so they be not (saieth Galene) Notwith­standing as is aforesaid,2. De pot. aliment. cap. 8. they be lesse hurt­full then al the rest, yet nowe and then, an Apple roste [...] vnder embres may bee par­doned, for the fier diminisheth the moiste iuyce thereof, and abateth the wyndines. Whereby otherwyse it commeth to passe that the eaters of fruites, doe ofte suffer paines & tormēts in the belly, viz. such as Quinces, Orenges, Medlars, Sorbes, Nuts & such like, which are not only slow in passage, but also being grosse, & gluie, doe engendre astringent iuyces, retaining the naughtines of humors. Notwithstā ­ding, we accompt not sweete Almondes vnprofitable, sithe in them is conteined no [Page 89] binding force, for y^• they doe make cleane and extenuate, and therefore probably al­lowed in Ulcered bodies.2. Fac. ali­ment. cap. 29. And Galene al­so affirmeth that Almondes do purge the bowels, wherby it cōmeth to passe that vi­rious humors (being propulsed to y^e skin, and forbidden to abide in the inner parts) are driuen out by the pores of the skinne, as it were by breathing, whereby paines of the belly and other exterior inconue­niences are preuented: wherefore sweete Almondes are a conuenient & fitte meate for affected bodies.

But Filberdes and Walnuttes, be­cause of their binding strengthe, and the cause aforeshewed, are moste vnprofita­ble, and verie vnholsome for Ulcered bo­dies.

¶Of herbes to be vsed in brothes. &c.

HErbes fitte for suche bodies, are those whiche be hoate and drie. viz. Hysope, Calamint, Watermint, Fenill, Sage, Betonie. &c. And when herbes that doe attenuate and make softe, bee with these [Page] compounded, then doe they easely clense and expuise al grosse and slymie humors, and therfore must needes be graunted cō ­modious for suche persones, & the herbes of contrarie temperature. viz. colde and moist, are as muche hurtful, such as Let­tuse, Endiue, Mallowes, Spinache, and suche like, whiche by their colde nature, doe compact and heape together naughty humors in thinner partes of the bodye, hindring their passage or expulsion, for whiche cause the depth of the bodie is not purged, but the disease more augmented and a great deale the more when the pa­tient through fonde and gredie desire, shal haue eaten herbes colde and drie, with a­stringent facultie, whiche to the pacients are moste obnoxious, of whiche sorte bee these. viz. Plantain, Sorrel, Nightshade and of like sorte.

¶Of Onions, Garlike, Mushe­romes, or Toade stooles. &c.

ONions, Garlyke, Scalians, & Lee­kes, for their sharpe and byting tart­nes together with the obscuritie of their [Page 90] substaunce both more dāmage to the body thē their force of extenuating can pleasure agayne. Of the earth also proceadeth funges, or Todestoles, whiche any waye prepared, are to be eschewed, since they are not onely of euill iuyce, but their nu­triment is colde and flegmatick, and to all accidentes and dispositions (proceding of Ulcers) moste hurtfull. Of that minde is Galene, saying further, for as muche as Toadestooles can not drie,2. De pot. aliment. cap. 60. li. de cibis boni & mali succi. it is a manifest token that in them is euill contained. And Auicen saith, that prefocation happeneth to them which vse to eate Toadstoles.

¶Of Pulse.

SInce there is no Pulse endewed with good & perfect pleasure, but doe great­ly fill the bodye, with wynde, by whiche meanes paines in the bodye, may arise to Ulcered bodies, therefore vnneedefull: I do not without cause accompt them vn­profitable (Galene being author) of which sorte be these. viz.1. De po­tent. alimē torum. Beanes, Fitches, Rise, and suche like, let vs streightly cōmaunde the Ulcered patientes, clearely to eschew [Page] these kinde of graines in what order soe­uer they be altred: but to an immoderate appetite, the broth of red Rice, may indif­ferently be permitted, for that doeth atte­nuate and clense grosse and clammie hu­mors & open the obstructed wayes, which meanes are much assistaūt to the healing of Ulcers.

¶Of motion and reste.

VNderstanding by Galene, De tuēda sanitate. that reaso­nable motion is not onely helthfull to the bodie, but also maketh the sayde bodie of a good fourme, and habite, and kepeth it in healthfull plight. It shalbe moste ex­pedient that the person affected, do mode­ratly frequent the motion and exercise of his bodie. But yet (saith Galene) I would not haue him to vse it when he is full, for endamaging or hurting the head with vapours, whiche by muche motion maye arise from the meate newely taken, and vndigested. Exercise is good before meat, for thē it encreaseth the force and strēgthe of the bodie (saith Galene,) and thereby purgeth the pores of the bodie,6. De loc. affec. ca. 6. and expel­leth [Page 91] the excrementes. Galene therefore affirmed it profitable,2. De sani­tat. tutela. to vse exercises be­fore meate: yet it is conuenient also to vse exercises sometime after meate, not al­waye, but (as Galene sayeth) when the meate is entred into the seconde digestiō,2. De tuē ­da sanit. and the time of eating is at hande againe. But if either before or after that time, the exercise be vsed, it either filleth the bodie with rawe superfluities, or els hastneth the comming of Melancolie. For (sayeth Galene) if the exercise after meate bee not gentle and easie,2. De tuē ­da sanitate it hasteneth downe the meate from the stomake before it be dige­sted. Wherfore the exercises before meat, must be more hastie and quicke, to the end that the superfluities whiche lurketh in the hollowe places of the body, may more easely be expulsed, nature being assisted by exercise.

¶Of sleepe and vvatching.

GAlene saith, that sleepe and watching, doth come on euery side,2. Aphor. cōment. 1. according to the motions of vnconstaunt heate, slepe to the inner partes, and watching to the out­ward. [Page] The naturall heate beeing moued forewarde, for the whiche cause, when as in muche sleepe the naturall heate (being called to the inner partes) a great quanti­tie of vapours doeth rise vp to the head (whereby fluxions doe distill to the mem­bers belowe, I thinke it expediēt that the Ulcered bodie refraine from much sleepe, least superfluities multiplied by reason of sleepe, should heape and gather to muche to the members, which lie and reste. Day sleepes must be altogether forbidden. For in watching, the breathinges may be mo­ued from the harte to the outward parts, they doe attenuate and dissolue the grosse and clammie humors engendred in the members (natural heate being adioyned) For the whiche thing, it is expedient for y^e partie to vse watching for y^e longer distāce of time. And when daily sleepe would pos­sesse an accustomed order, let it be shaken of and lost by litle and litle, according to the precept of Galene.

¶Of Ioye or Mirthe.

GAlene saith, [...]De sim­ [...], causis that mirth proceadeth by motion of the minde to the outwarde [Page 92] partes of the body. For the breath being gathered at the hart at the going foorth, doth yeelde a comfortable heate to all the members, whereby all flegmatick super­fluities in them hidde, is scattered and put foorth, therfore profitable to Ulcered bo­dies. But by sadnes (by reason) cometh the contrarie, for that reuoketh al the spi­rites and heate vnto the heart, so that the outward partes are vtterlye destitute of heate, therefore greatly mouing and aug­menting the cause of Ulcers, wherefore vse myrthe, and auoyde sadnes.

Of repletion and Inanition.

REpletion, whether it be of meate, or of euill humors, filling the vessels of the body, it is euill, and straightly to bee re­proued (as sayeth Galene). For when the vessels be filled aboue meane or measure with meates and drinkes,1. Aphor. coment. 3. the parties are in ieopardie of burstnes, obstruction of na­turall heate. &c. I counsell therefore all those that be infected with Ulcers, to flee from vnmoderate filling of their bodies, (according to y^e causes rehearsed) for that [Page] thereby all paynes, anguishe, and pertur­bations with euill disposition, accompa­ning the Ulcers, may be incited. Let the patientes therefore vse a slender kinde of diet, and yet not an vnmoderate kinde and excessiue fourme, spare feeding, sithens suche may easely engēder the falling sick­nes, whiche when the stomack shalbe inor­dinatly emptied, hath rediest accesse, for so saith Galene. In lib. de ven [...]. sec. cōtra Era­si [...]trat. But a thinne diet (by mode­rate vse obserued) resisteth y^e same. Galene therfore hath this sentence, a meane & moderate diet vsually kept,Li. de atte­nuante vict. ratio­ne. doth safely cure yong folkes of the falling sicknes newely begon, & doth metely assiste them, though they be olde, and the disease inueterated.

De Coitu.

FOr as muche as generally all Ulcers doe proceede of intemperature, with colde and weakenes of natural heate, and that nothing more augmenteth the mal­lice of suche affectes, nor encreaseth their continuaunce, then exercises decaying na­turall heate, & thuse of thinges that wea­ken, coole and drie the bodie. And againe [Page 93] since nature in such parties is sufficiently busied in strengtheninge and sending due nourishement to the affected partes, it must needs bee great damage to the pa­tient, and hinderaunce of the curation, to vse Coiture, which (as Galene affirmeth) doth make the body more weake,Li. de san. tuenda. 3. slacke, cold and drie, whiche sure is needeles in Ulcered bodies, who are commōly giuen to be of that intemperature. And Paulus Aegineta, Li. 1. art. med. ca. 7. saith that Coiture hurteth bo­dies sound, that be of colde and drie com­plexion. Wherefore to affected bodies, which haue nothing in them na­turall that may be wanted, we ought without pardō, to prohibite the vse of venerie.