THE PHILOSO ­pher Aristotle and Concy­latour, agrée, that to all li­uing creatures, it is a mat­ter common, as to suffer & do of a natural inclination: which as the same in beasts is named a violence, euen so in men this is, by a contrarie maner, named an inclination. For as much (as by way of example) in the Chollericke, is knowne an inclination to yre: in the Melancholicke, to ware: in the San­guine, to myrth: and in the Flegmaticke, to slug­gishnesse. All which inclinations, are reported to be the vtterers hath of the naturall Motions and conditions in men, which by reason and wisedome [Page] be well gouerned. Which well appeared by Hy­pochrates, who by his face was iudged wicked; yet thorow Phylosophy knowne to be well condi­tioned. But in beastes for the lacke of reason, are these affections and conditions, as Aristotle vtte­reth in his booke de secretis se [...]retorum, may not bee gouerned: in that they liue and perseuer after their sense and appetite. By which euidently ap­peareth, that Phisiognomie to be a necessarie and lawdable Science, seeing by the same a man may so readily pronounce and foretell the naturall apt­nesse vnto the affections, and conditions in Men, by the outward notes of the body: which although a man may thus foretell the natural motions, and actuall conditions: yet of this, it is not accounted so perfect and [...]me a Science: séeing by the same a man may erre, in sundry subiects hauing Grace and wisedome.

But in that men (for the more part) do liue af­ter a sensuall wil in themselues, and that none but the wise and godly (which is by an inward work­ing of the spirit) do liue after reason: for that cause is this Phisiognomy accounted and named a Sci­ence: which instructeth a man by the outwarde notes to foretell the naturall motions, and actuall conditions, that consist and dwel in many persons especially in those, which liue after their affection and appetites, rather then gouerning themselues [Page 2] by reason. And of this did the learned (Bias Priae­nias) report, that there liued and were more of the wicked, than of good persons: in that so manie are ledde and mooued after a sensuall will, than procu­red by reason: which causeth that man (as Aristo­tle affirmeth) to swarue and fall from a meane in many manners: but the same is approached vnto and purchased, by one manner of way. And two kindes there are of these Notes: as certaine, which of the Elementary qualitie conceiued, that vtter and signifie the affections of the minde: as dooth the hayrinesse of the Brest, which is a note of yre, thorough the hote heart. And certaine are of propertie, as the declining of the head to the right side in the Walking, which is the note of a Cynede as Aristotle reporteth: and this like is neyther gathered of a hotte, nor cold cause, but of the property.

Yet do the Perypateticks (as writeth Aristo­tle secundo priorum) vtter, that not any one af­fection to consist and be in man, or any condition of nature, but that a like note is outwardly to be séen on the body: by which not only that passion or cō ­dition may be vttred, but the fortune vnto good or euil by the accidentall notes may be iudged: And althogh the spirit (as vnto vnderstanding) is from the body eleuated, yet (as vnto the other parts and powers) is the spirite comprehended of the bodie. [Page] Although the inner affectes of the spirite cannot bee iudged by the outward notes of the body: yet may the accidentes of the spirit and minde, accor­ding to those which together alter both Spirit and body be iudged, as Aristotle reporteth in secundo priorum. Auerrois vttereth, that the accidentes not naturall, cause no note but in the Spirite: as if any knoweth the Arte of Musicke: hee hath the note in the spirite, and not in bodie formed of the same.

The lookes also of men, although they doe not differ in the essentiall kinde: yet do these differ in the kinde accidentall. So that the accidentall dif­ference of lookes in man, doth onely suffice, for the difference of conditions. But if any shall héere ob­iect that sentence written in the seuenth chapter of Saint Johns Gospel: where our Sauiour willeth none to iudge rashly, after the vtter appearance of the face or look, but to pronounce and iudge arigh­teous iudgement. To this may thus be answered, that the same saying of the Lord was spoken vnto them, which in very déed were wicked persons, of malicious conditions: yet not of the matter and cause do they procure a iudgement, but thorough the accepting of personnes, and in the hate or con­tempt of men, are they so alienated from the truth of the matter in iudging, which otherwise must be eschewed, and that especially where the person is [Page 3] occupied in the celestiall Doctrine. This is also to bee learned and noted, that any person (as a­fore vttered) to iudge alone by the face, mightilie to erre and bee deceiued, so that necessarie it is, to gather and marke sundrie other Notes of the bo­die, and after to pronounce Judgement, and the same not firmely, but coniecturally: As by this ex­ample may well appeare, that if the Phisiogno­mer earnestly beholding and viewing any merrie person by nature, doth sée him at that instant time (through some hap) very sadde of countinance, and doth of the same iudge him to be sadde by Nature, where he contrarywise is of Nature merrie: or o­therwise appearing then merry, shall iudge him of the same to bée of Nature merrie, where perhaps, by Nature he is giuen to bee sadde: must néedes (through these like) greatly erre, and bée deceiued in iudgement. Héere also note, that there are two manner of passions, as the one naturall, and the other accidentall.

The accidentall are those, which consist of the spirit, and for the same, that they consist of the spi­rit, no alteration in body is caused: as of the Art & Science: and these by notes in the bodye are not indicated. But the natural, which for that they cō ­sist in vs, as afore taught: for that cause doth some [...]l [...]acion appeare in the bodie: as yre, feare, and such like, of which héereafter (in this worke) shall [Page] be intreated. To be briefe, this Phisiognomy is a knowledge which leadeth a man to the vnder­standing and knowing both of the naturall moti­ons, and conditions of the spirite: and the good or euill fortune, by the outwarde notes and lines of the face and bodie. Yea, by the pases many times is the heart bewrayed, and the voyce, as Aristotle reporteth, are notes and vtterers of the inner thoughtes: all which, vnder the Phisiognomicall Science are contained. Lucius Scylla, and Cesare Dictatoure by the helpe of this Science found out and iudged the wilye craftes and deceites of their aduersaries many times, that secretly couerd their malicious minds, by their faire shewes. The most singular and prudent Plato, in his Phisiognomie, vttereth these words: That the man which hath members like to any beast insueth his nature: as he which hath an Aquiline or hauked nose, vseth and exerciseth Aquiline conditions, as magnani­mity, cruelnesse and greedy catching. The common sort of this day, without any reason and learning, do pronounce and iudge certaine matters verie strange of men: as when he saith of any fowl look, this person pleaseth me nothing. They also say, God defend and kéepe mee from the fellowship of that person marked; as are the bunch backed, and goggle eyed persons. By which euidently appea­reth, that the bodily notes of Phisiognomating by [Page] the naturall conditions of men, do procure & cause a great probablenesse, although no necessitie. To conclude, all the workings and passions of the spi­rit, appear to be matched and ioyned with the bo­die, which especially appeareth in the passions of the concupiscible or desirefull spirite: as are yre, méeknesse, feare, pittifulnesse, mercie, & such like: which are not caused, without the locall motion of the heart dilating, and drawing together. Of this the bodies of diuers men, are diuersly disposed, ac­cording to the diuers dispositions of spirits, in that mens spirits throgh diuers members, are diuersly disposed in their passions. To end, the conditions and naturall affections, that consist in the sensitiue part: is reported of the Phylosopher Ari­stotle, to be the sense giuer, being common both to men and beasts.

¶The knowne signes and notes, both of the healthfull and sicke bodies, after the condition of the foure qualities.

THose bodies naturally hote, doe most spéedilie encrease and wax [...]at: as the like in yong chil­dren, doth well appeare. But after yeares, such wax dry, their vaines apparant in the places, and beating fast. Also their breath strong, theyr voyce lowd, mighty and great of strength, lusty & strong to coeate, and much or very often desiring therto. Such also do féed well, brooke & digest their meats. Further, they haue much haire on their head, and in other places the like, where as naturally the same should grow: & that thicke bristled, specially on the breast. The cause of which procéedeth tho­rough [Page 5] the much heat of the heart: as the like may appeare (after the minde of auncient men) both in the Lyon and Cocke.

THose bodies naturally cold, doe increase slowe and come to a fatnesse, their Ueynes appeare bigge and apparant, but their Pulses beate slowe. Also their Beeath lowe in the hearing, hauing a small voice, and weake to co [...]eate: so that seldome desiring thereto, of the which such beget few chil­dren. They also bée great sléepers, and sléeping often: yet eating verie little, weakely digesting and bearing their meate euill. Further, such be [Page] white of skinne, with some rednesse mixed: and in the féeling appeare cold, with the haires thin, and slow in the growing, whether the same be blacke or white. Also dull of wit, fearing or trembling of a light cause, and weake to labour.

THose bodies naturally moyst, bee tender and soft of Flesh, Corpulent, with their Joyntes and bones hidde, and weake of strength, that they cannot long, or but a while endure to labour, so that the wearinesse of labour is soone espyed & séene in them. Also, such feare and tremble in a maner for euery cause, coueting to sléep much, and deligh­ting [Page 6] to coeate often: hauing besides thin haires on the head, and but a little quantity. The eyes often watery and running, yet in wit forwarde and apt to learne.

THose bodies Naturally drie, be well discerned, rough in the feeling, & leane in flesh, yet strong and may well endure to labor, féeding well, & their ioynts also in the places very apparant. Besides, such haue much haire on the head, and in the other places: and that rough and curled.

[Page]THose bodies temperate and healthfull, do féed [...] and drinke sufficiently, according to the con­gruency of nature, and digest the like, To y^e thinges néedfull be sauoury to them, and do hunger also in due houres, ioying besides with such as be merrie, and sléeping their full sléepes. Further, thinking themselues both light of bodie, to goe light on the ground, and sweating lightly: yet seldome snée­zing, and waxe meanely Fatte, but coloured and redde in the face, and in the feeling hot. Besides, in them the fiue senses haue congruent force, ac­cording to the agreement of the Age, Bodie, and Houre.

[Page 7]THose bodies distemperate and vnhealthfull, be in all points vnlike to the bodies temperat and healthfull: so that such do euilly eate, and that ve­ry little, and force not to drink. Also they do euilly digest and brooke their meate, and to them things bee vnsauoury, whereof they hunger [...] in due houres, and giue not themselues to bee throughly chearefull and merry, neyther reioycing in them which laugh and bee merrie, but rather alwayes sad, and the like continuing. Further, such make their sléepes vnquietly, & suppose themselues hea­uie, and to go heauily on the ground, and seldome (or in a manner) sweate any thing at al: also gape, or snéese often, and stretch their armes out and a­broad. So that such be either pale, or ouer high co­loured in the face, and in them also are the fiue sen­ses weake, and such as cannot long endure to la­bour: yea, they soon forget matters, spitting much and often, and much filth séene commonly in their noses. Also they be (in a manner) throughout fa [...] ▪ and their flesh blowne or puffed vp like the Nos [...], and their hands and féete doe sometimes sweate, and their eyes do often runne.

THat person is of a singular memory and vnder­standing, and well fashioned in nature, which hath moyst and soft flesh, being a meane betwéene roughnesse and lenity, and meane of stature, and hath a ruddie continuance suffused with White­nesse, and a gentle or friendly looke: whose hayre on the head is plaine lying, & hath the eyes mean­ly big, which decline to a roundnesse, and the head meanly big with an equality: the necke well pro­portioned, & the shoulders declining downwards, or the like rather ready to fall. Being not fleshy a­bout the shankes and knées, and hath a cléere and meane voice, betwéene small and great, of a mean [Page 8] laughter, and not in deriding: and hath also the palmes of the hands long, with long fingers, & his countenance framed after a chéerful and mery sort.

THat man is of a singuler Nature and vnder­standing, whose Flesh is tender and soft, with a meannesse betwéene grosenesse and leanenesse, tending. And that the Face be not much fleshy, the Shoulder-pointes somewhat bearing vppe: the Belly and backe not fleshie, the sides decently extensed: meane of stature, and gentle of counte­nance. That his colour also be a meane betwéene white and red: being somewhat bright and clear, and the Skinne, thinne. Further, that the haire [Page] of the head, be of a meane thickenesse, abourne in colour, and betwéene plaine and curled, the eies be­twéene variable and blacke, & the beard in a meane manner, sufficiently thin and faire.

THose bodies after full growth be thicke, bushy of haire, and the haire on the head, thicke and blacke. Also their bodies in the end be found leane, and in feeling appeare hot: hauing besides a thick­nesse of skinne, and rough, and strong sinnewes: and haue also both the vaines, bones, and ioynts, much apparant: a low voyce, their pulses beating very fast, and their mouing the like: yea, they be hold, shout, and obstinate withall. These hitherto Rasis.

THose bodies be iudged soft in the féeling, and naked of haire, which haue gentle & soft hayres on the head, the veines appearing narrow, and the ioynts hid, hauing besides corpulent bodies, and very fat: and that make their sléepes weakely and vnquietly, and slow of mouing, but slower in their pase going. Further, such bodies be either cold and dry, or hot and moist, and haue mixt dispositions, according to the disposition of the simples, of which they be compouned: and as the like to any of them they do approach, or that there be betwéene them a meane. These hitherto Rasis.

THe wise and skilfull Physiognomers, in their examinations, doe diuide Mankind into two formes, as into the Masculinity and Feminity, ac­cording to the property of the spirit: for man natu­rally, except his procreation be hindred, is perfecter than the woman, both in condition & action. First, he is of a liuely mind and corage, & vnto a brunt or attempt, very vehement: yet slowly moued to yre, slowly pleased, aduised in businesses, in due and fit [Page] times studious, abroad liberall, stowt, iust, trusty, vnconstant or wandering from place to place, and true of his word. Of which, Auicen (writing of the conditions of persons) reporteth, that man is the subtiller, and that Weomen are more pittifull and gentle than men, more conuertible, lighter, perswaded, sooner seduced, enuiouser, fearefuller, vnshame [...]aster, more Foolish, Lyars, more frau­dulent, more giuen to fraud, more esteeming tri [...]es slower, tenderer, weaker, and more pro [...]e or soo­ner drawne into familiarity, and into companie with another.

The like vttereth the Phylosopher, in lib. 9. de hystoria Animalium, cap. primo: that man in na­ture is perfectest, and for the same cause, the pro­portions of al the members and parts are séeml [...]er and stronger compact, insomuch that the woman is more pittiful and mercifuller, yeare adier to shed teares and weepe, than the man: yet enu [...]ous, full of compla [...]nts, euiller speaking, backebyting and slaundering. Besides, more sorrowfull, carefull, and dispayring, than the man: yea, more impu­dent. A greate [...] lyer, lighter deceiued, apter to call to memory: or remember matters vnto these, watchfuller, sluggisher, lesser sturring abroad, and lesser desiring meate. But the man, as aboue vtte­red, liuelier, more stirring, and stronger. Auerro is primo phisico. commen. 81. vttereth, that the wo­man [Page 11] is vnperfecter than the man: and the femini­nitie hapneth to man by accident (another Texte openeth) of the depriuing. And the Learned Ioa­nnitius in pisagogis reporteth, that the man diffe­reth from the Woman, in the same, that he is hot­ter and drier than the Woman, and shee contrary wise colder and moyster than he. And the singuler Aristotle vttereth, in primo de Animali. that the Worthiest, Noblest, and with vs more common and knowne, yea and the more stable & sate crea­ture, is man. And in the xi. de animalib. Aristotle reporteth, that man among all other Creatures, is accounted the worthier: and of the virill kind, the Males are stronger and stowter than the females, except in the Beare and Libard, as 8. de Animali­bus.

In all the kinds of Beasts, the Females haue a more dead minde, and are lesse patient, and may sooner be conuerted, and are sooner angred and soo­ner appeased, and are of a lesser heate: they are be­sides rash and hastie, and inuericundious, & haue a small head, the face and necke slender, the breast and shoulder points narrower, the ribbes lesser, but the haunches bigge, and Buttockes the like: the legges also are slender, the handes and Féete slender and thinne. The Females in al the kindes of Beasts (as afore reported) are founde far more fearfuller, and Péeuisher or frowarder conditioned [Page] than the Males. These hitherto, Alman for se­cundus.

The Woman for the most part is light of be­léefe, and vngracious or frowarde in conditions. The light beléefe, signifieth the malice or vnder­standing: but the temperate is more congruent, as reporteth Hypocrates, in lib. secretorum. But if the man possesseth the Womans properties▪ whose note appeareth, that he is vnfaithfull, an ill repor­ter, and a lyar: and so much the rather, when hée draweth néere to the Woman, by the counterfay­ting, the often shifting, and decking of parts. The like may be said of the Womans qualities, when she often exerciseth and followeth néer man, in the apparrelling and decking of her bodie like to him: as did that manly woman Farcassa, of whom shall fully be vttered in the proper place. The Phyloso­pher Aristotle reporteth, that the person which leaneth with the body to the right side in the going, to be effeminate, in that he is of a moyst qualitie, and soft of skinne. The like of these Cocles no­ted, to haue a soft skinne, a cleare and faire throat, effeminate legges, and for the most part were slen­der, but the haunches were bigge and soft, the face white and pimpled, the voice small, low, & hoarse, like to the common Harlot, haunting verie often mans company: and these haue many other notes, which for that they are more at large vttered, in [Page] other places of his Booke, hee doth héere wittingly omit them. There was in his time, a certaine No­ble person imprisoned, being one of these. And an­other effeminate person, he saw in the City of Lu­ca, being of forty yeares, which hanged or leaned to the left side as he went, and had a red colour in the face, so faire a throate as the cleare Woman,

the face pimpled, the hayres of the head trussed and finely trimmed, the voyce small & soft: to be briefe, he was a verie effeminat person, and Cyned. The man (to come vnto the matter) by the part of the composition of habitude, ought to be as Concilia­tour vttereth: that is, the perfect man (if the lasci­nious nature disturbeth not the order) hath a big head, the face in bredth and length, equally stret­ched [Page] out, according to proportion: the necke bigge, liuely▪ and sinnewed, the Breast strong and large, the Shoulder points and Ribs bigge to the backe, and afore strongly coupled and ioyned together: the backe throughout sinnewed, and strong ioyn­ted, the belly but meanly fleshy, the Hips and but­tockes, lesser and smaller than the Womans: to conclude, in all partes much bigger and stronger than the Woman, vnlesse any accident may con­trary the abouesaid, as is in the kind of Rapine o [...] gréedie catching Birds, a temperate nature found. The Woman ought to haue a contrarie composi­tion, as a small head, a long face, a small necke, a large throat, and somwhat eminent, the brest nar­row, the shoulder points flat lying, the flanks and ribs slender, the backe like: but the Hippes and Buttockes bigger than the mans: the legges in a manner of one bignes throughout, the féet small, the héeles flat, short armes, the hands and fingers small, the lippes thinne, and the chin round, with a certaine pit or denting in, whether the same bee of length or breadth, the Flesh soft in féeling, and long comely haires on the head, yet little and smal haires on the Breast, Belly, Hands, and Féete, through her cold complexion: and shee also is wea­ker of strength and courage, and lesse bold through her narrow Breast which she hath, yet coupled she is to man, to yéeld (by their consentes) a naturall [Page 12] tribute to the world. The gelded persons become not onely weake of body, but in mind and corage little differ from the Woman, as the Phylosopher Aristotle reporteth. This worthy lesson also the Phylosopher vttereth, that he wisheth to flye and eschew that Womans company when shée is of composition manly: for there is a sure token in hir, both of Luxury and Wickednesse: but contrarie, iudge the courage of such men, which in compo­sition be effeminate.

THe colour is manie wayes chaunged, accor­ding to the commixion of the Humours: and according to the Dominion of them Intensiuely, [Page] and remissiuely, by which also a man must Physi­ognomate.

For the iudging of colours, except the propper effect be adioyned to his cause: error to the iudger, must in many happen. So that their Natures and qualities cannot easily be iudged, except a man di­ligently consider the proper Country in which each be borne: for that we sée in many places, & chéefely in Italy, many Nations dwelling together, like as the Jew, Turke, Schauone, Gréeke, and high Almayne, and many others. Whose mixte Na­tures must be considered, if a man will rightly phi­siognomate, and iudge vppon any of these aboue­named, or of any other Nation besides. Séeing those people dwelling farre North, bee strong of body, comely of colour, softe of flesh, bigge bellied, yet simple, yrefull, of small Learning, meane of counsell, vnstable, lyers, deceiuers, and boasters. And on such wise, temper your iudgement, accor­ding to the nature of the place and Country, where such are borne: which in another Chapter happily I will further write of.

But to returne vnto the matter, vnderstande, that the white, wanne, and yellowish colour, is a note of the deminished decoction: if this diminuti­on therefore hapneth, the goodnesse of nature shall like be diminished. For which cause, flie and es­chew the company of a wanne and yellow colou­red [Page] man, for that he is giuen to vices, and luxu­rie: but this Luxury dooth the Phylosopher héere meane to be the immoderate appetite of the thank­full matter, in causing euill Workes, vnto others hurt and losse, and not of the co-eating alone, in that coldnesse is a contrary vnto the lust, séeing the lust is caused of hotnesse and moistnesse. For, the wan and yellow colour, doeth héere rather argue coldnes. Further, the wan colour, is the way and beginning of the mortifying of naturall heat, and extinction of the same: by which reason appeareth, that the wan colour doth no otherwise differ from the blacke, but as to the remission of the mortify­ing. And by this wan colour, is to be vnderstoode the Leadie colour. The Learned Auicen Wri­teth, that the whitenesse of colour, is a note of the depriuing of bloud, or the scarsity of it with a cold­nesse, for if this colour should procéed of a hotnesse, and that with the Chollericke humor, then should it tend vnto a cytrinesse. Further, Auicen Wri­teth, that the ruddie colour, doth signifie the plen­tie of bloud: the red, and somewhat redde colour, doth declare the hotnesse of quality: yet more doth the somewhat red colour, declare the red Choller: and the redde colour, the Sanguine Choller. Héere further is to bée noted, that the colour some-what red, doth signifie the depriuing of bloud: although there appeareth not the red Choller, as the like [Page] hapneth in the helthfull bodies. But a very swar [...] colour, as betwéene the blacke and yellow appea­ring, doth rather signifie coldnes, through which, the blood then is diminished and congealed, and that litle so congealed, is through the same turned into a blacknesse, which changeth the colour of the skin. And this we name a wan or yellowe colour, according to the intensiue and remissiue domini­on.

The hony colour, signifieth a coldnes and dri­nesse, forasmuch as the colour is the same which ensueth a pure blacke choller. So that the white­nesse of colour, followeth the condition of Flegme, and quality of the moysture, but the greannesse of colour, doth rather argu the blood congealed, which then tendeth to a blacknesse, so that the same com­mixed to the Flegme, is made gréene: yet doth the whitish gray colour, rather signifie a Flegmatick coldnesse, mixed with a little red choller. And after the opinion of many Physitians, the colour is for the more part chaunged, through the Liuer, vnto a reddishnesse and whitenesse: and thorough the Milt, into a swartnesse. Further Auicen writeth, that the swart yellowe colour, dooeth argue the redde Choller: but the Dark Browne colour, doth signifie the black choller. And the like in (a man [...] to this) affirmeth Auerrois, which writeth that in an equall Climate, the swart yellowe colour, [Page 13] doth declare that the redde Choller, to gouerne the chollericke: but the darke browne colour, doth te­stifie in the same climat, the dominion of the black cholier. Auicen also writeth, that the body becom­meth red, through the dominion of bloud, & white in colour (as the Juorie) of the flegmatick humor. Besides these, the complexion hauing a mixte co­lour, both of the white and red, is after the estima­tion, a meane temperated.

Rasis also reporteth, that the qualitie of the bo­die thorough the colour and habitude of the same: of the feeling and Operations, and of the matters yssuing from the Bodie, is so knowne. For the White and Swartish colour, and of a White­nesse and Graynesse mixed: and the wanne and Leadie colour, do intimate a colde Complexion. But the red, reddish, the high red, and bleake red, all these Demonstrate a hotnesse of Complexion; and if a clearenesse and thinnesse bée conioyned to the colour, the clearenesse and thinnesse of Hu­mours, are then declared. But if a troublednesse and grosenesse bée mixed to it, the grosenesse of Humours is then signified. The White colour besides, to which a rednesse, with the thinnesse and clearenesse is admixed, dooth demonstrate an equallity of the Complexion. That if a rednesse shall abound, and the clearenesse shall be lesser, the dominion of bloud is there signified. But if the [Page] rednesse shall so much bée diminished, that it ap­proacheth to the colour of Juorie, it dooth innuate the paucitie of bloud, Which if the same shall yet be more diminished, in such manner, that of the same appeareth in a manner nothing at all, the darke wanne colour procéedeth: which portendeth the paucitie both of choller and bloud, and the Do­minion of Flegme in the body. But if this colour approacheth to a Whitenesse, to which a Gréene­nesse is admixed, then ensueth the same, which of the Physitians is named a Leadie colour: which declareth a diminution of the bloud and red chol­ler, and indicateth the dominion of the black chol­ler and Flegme. The swartish colour, if the same shall approch to a rednesse, or that to it this admix­ed, doth demonstrate a grosse blood to beare sway, according to the quantitie, which [...]o it is approa­ched, or if a rednesse to it bée admixed. And the co­lour perfectly Swartish, which is approached to a Gréennesse, doth declare the dominion of the black Choller. But bodies coloured with a redde Co­lour, which is found to draw nearer to a White­nesse, are of a colde Complexion. If the colour, shall appeare nearer to a Gréenenesse or Gray­nesse, shall be of a hot complexion. But the other, are Cytrine bodies, which to a whitenesse pertake a néere subtilnesse: which colour in the healthfull, or in whom the multitude of blood consisteth, and [Page] not for the dominion of choller. So that these bo­dies are not Cytrins, but accidentally, or by acci­dent. Yet the other bodies perfectly Cytrine, are somewhat cleare, which like perseuer at any time. And these are chollericke bodies. There are be­sides of these certaine, which with a cytrinesse, ap­proach to a gréennesse and swartish colour, perta­king a smal fayrenesse, in which either choller bea­reth sway, whose complexion is proued & knowne to be worser than all others. The Liuer and milt, hauing the like quality and condition, are for the most part diseased: and the health of these bodies, is not firme, nor permanent or continuing. But the bodies hauing a darke colour, which are nea­rer to a Cytrinesse, are of a hot Complexion, and neare to the red choller. And those which haue a gréennesse admixed, are lesse hot, and pertayne to the blacke choller.

Conciliatour reporteth, that the black colour, very soft, dooth declare a weake, fearefull, & craftie man, applied vnto them which dwell farre south, like as the Indian: & that because such are Melan­cholick, whose property is to be fearefull. Againe, the Moores and the Egyptians, and thorough the inordinate heate, vnder which they be borne, are thereby but weake.

If the Redde Colour, shall bée sparsed with a white, doth then declare stout and strong persons. [Page] The colour which is a meane betwéen these two, doth denote a temperament of quality, proportio­ned to them which dwell vnder such a climate.

The colour betwéene a yellownesse not tincted, and a blackenesse, which chaungeth into a cleare browne, doth declare a good wit, and honest man­ners. Such persons the Philosopher Aristotle wil­led King Alexander to retaine to his Person, and about him.

The colour couered with a palenesse, doth testi­fy a weake & fearefull person, and that such a one to be berest and taken in the loue of a woman, and applied after the kinde vnto heresies, except this hapneth in passions.

[Page 14]When the colour shall bée a swart Camelline, mixed vnto a palenesse: dooth then Demonstrate such a person to be a babler, vndiscréete and full of yre.

The blacknesse of colour like to the cléere horne, in any man, is a note of adustion: and this is ge­nerall, as well in the members, as in the colour of the haires of the head.

Whose colour is a darke gréene, or blacke, and not soft in the féeling, doeth argue such persons to be prone vnto yre.

A Ruddy colour of the Bodie, is an Argument of a mischéeuous man, and endued with variable manners.

The colour very red, doth declare such a person (of experience knowne) to be craftie, and applyed to the Foxe: also the Prouerbe sayeth, that we sil­dome sée a little man méek, and a ruddy man faith­full, but the godly I héere except.

The face redde spotted, so that the greater red­nesse appeáreth in the fore-head, and frée from the eies, doth declare a shamefast person, and applyed to passion, for that the shamefast face for the most part, is couered with a rednesse.

The colour white, with some red mixed, dooth argue strong and stout persons, applied to the Sep­tentrionals.

The colour mightily and ouer-White, is con­trarie [Page] to vertue, for that the same signifieth the person to be a ssuggard, forasmuch as he is of a fleg­maticke and colde quality, and through the same fearefull.

That Colour, which is deformed with a pale­nesse, dooth testifye a weake and fearefull person, and a hafter or ouerthwarter: if that neither sicke­nesse, nor earnest studye, be the cause of that pale­nesse.

The colour swarter, and mixed with a palenes, doth declare that person to be a glutton, a Babler, and vndiscréet both of yre and tongue.

That person which hath a rednes simply, with a pleasant moouing and playing of the lippes, and enlarging of the nostrils, doeth argue such a mans minde to bee occupied and troubled with a most great yre, and referred vnto the accidentes of the passion.

The Chéekes and Eyes red aboue, with a cer­taine moysture like to watery Pimples; doe De­note such to be Drunkards, and Louers of Wine and strong Drinks: applyed to the men of the Ci­ty of Pauie.

If the Eyes appeare red and dry, then dooth it declare such a person to be stout, and soone mooued to yre, and referred vnto the passion, which like so hapneth in that action.

The eyes appearing verie blacke, doe declare [Page] such a Person to bée fearefull, and couetous of Gaine.

The eyes a white gray, and troubled, are notes of a fearefull person [...], and compared to the Goate and Shéepe.

The eyes not very blacke, to a yellownes ten­ding, like vnto the Lyons, doth declare an honest and Friendly person, compared to the Lyon and Eagle.

And a meannesse of colour, with an abatement doth signify shamefastnes and honesty.

And whose inner parts of the lips, shall not bee with a certain rednesse coloured, is then of the phi­sitians iudged sickly.

When the Aeynes both of the temples and be­hinde the necke, do appeare to wax red, otherwise to swel out, and that the eyes séeme prominent and bloudy, do argue an yrefulnes so vehement, that they incurre vnto a madnesse, and referred to the passion.

When the countenance appeareth all Redde, doth then either declare a shamefastnes, or else to be a Wine bibbler: and this rednesse is readilye knowne by tokens of the e [...]es, and by the custome of it.

That person which hath a fiery rednes on the Breast and Face, is inflamed with yre, and easily commeth franticke and mad: as the like of these, [Page] the Phisiognomer hath knowne by experience, in sundry persons, and referred to the passion.

The red colour of the hairs of the head intensed, is a note of crafty wiles and deceits, of much yre, and of fransinesse, when as the same declareth the abundance of choller.

The browne Chestnut colour, doth declare vp­rightnesse, and the loue of Justice. And all report, especially Nunciu▪ natu [...]ae, in the seuenth booke of the nature of beasts, and in the first Chapter of the condition of a Nurse, where hée sayeth, That of those, the better & healthfuller sort are they, which be browne in colour, than the white woman and haue a health [...]uller Milk. The selfesame affirmeth Auicen 4. de Animalibus.

Those persons hauing a firy red colour or néere to it▪ do retaine anger long: also they are harde to be quallified and appeased when as they are ange­rie; and such, are referred to the passion that is: vnto the manner appearing, in any such gréeuous­ly angred.

Those Persons, which haue the Ueyns of the necke entensed, and appearing bigge and eminent out, with a redde colour tincted, doe retaine anger long: and such an vngracious anger, that harde it is to be appeased.

Those also (as the Phylosopher writeth) be re­ferred to the maner appearing, for that in such an [Page 15] yre this hapneth, as that the veines to be extended and magnified, through the boyling and swelling vp of the bloud and spirits from the heart, which so retch out those veines, as is aforesaid: and the like iudge in the forehead, where wee vtter iudgement of the lines there séene.

NVncius naturae saieth, in lib. 2. de partibus. cap. 14. animalium, that of all liuing Crea­tures, man in especiall, is thickest, and hath most plentie of haires on the head. The cause of which [Page] matter is applied, as well vnto a necessity, as vn­to the reason of a helpe and succour. For necessary it was, that the hayrs should be, both for the moi­sture of the Braine, and seames of the Scull. For where the moyst quantitie of humours and heate is, there of necessity must the great plenty of hairs grow, for the reason and cause of a defence, that the daily encreasing and growing of the Hayres couering the heade, may so defend and succour it from the extreame colde, and mightie heate. Sée­ing mans Braine in proportion, is greatest and moystest, for that cause it néedeth especiallie a de­fence, &c.

Isidore reporteth, that the hayres of the Head were ordained of nature, to couer and beseeme the head, & that these might so defend the Brain from the cold and heat of the Sunne.

Albertus in lib. de animalibus, cap. 3. repor­teth, that the haires procéede of the grosser vapors, issuing by the poores of the Skinne of the Heade, sent foorth by heate, thorough the narrow holes of the Skinne, which dried and hardned in the com­ming forth, through the outward cold of the ayre. And the haires of the head, which slowly encrease (thorough the lacke of bloude) is a note, that the complexion to be very moyst. That if these spée­dily encrease, is a note that the body declineth vn­to a drines.

[Page]But to come to the matter, the Hayres of the head do naturally declare, the qualities and quan­tities of humours, and the conditions of the spirite or minde.

The Phylosopher also (in 5. de generatione a­nimalium. cap. 4.) saith, that the cause of the big­nes and smalnes of the haires of the head, is most chiefly caused, and grow out of the skinne, and not out of the flesh, when the humor in them is euapo­rated, and breatheth forth: séeing we sée, that the grose haires do spring out of a thick and grose skin, and the small haires out of a thinne and soft skin. These hitherto Aristotle.

So that when hotnes and drines bee conioy­ned, the haires of the head doe much sooner grow, and waxe matny and thicke. Forasmuch, as the much quantity signifieth a hotnes: and the bignes of them, a much fumositie. And for that cause, in young men, there is much more quantity, than in children: for as much as the matter of children, is vaporous, and not humorous. And the contraries of these, do follow their contraries. Further, the signification by the part of the Figure, is that the crispednes thereof, declareth a hotnes and drines: for the same is caused, when it findeth a tortuous­nes both of the holes and powers: but this doubt, is not héer resolued, when as the complexion is al­tered, although the two first matters be changed. [Page] The plainnesse and flat lying of the hayres of the head, doth signify a contrary, that is, coldnesse and moistnesse, as euidently appeareth.

As touching the part of the colour, the blacke­nesse signifieth a hotnesse: which blacknesse, is héer meant like to the cleare horne: with a roughnesse, and somewhat tortuous. The whitishnesse signi­fieth a coldnesse: but the citrinnesse and rednesse, signifieth an equality: and the whitishnes doth ei­ther argue a vehement coldnesse, as the hoarines, or a strong and mighty drinesse, which hapneth in the Uegetalles, when they are dried: which from their blacknes or gréennesse, passe into a whitenes and this like hapneth not to men, but in the end of drying sicknesses.

Auerrois (quarto colligit capitulo) of the notes of the complexion of the whole body reporteth, that the signification of the colour of the hayres of the head, is not verified (for the most part) but in tem­perate climates, although in euery climate may be somewhat comprehended, in comparing the men of that climate, dwelling there vnder. As for exam­ple in the Germaines and Moores, of which, the Moores are black, and their hayres are crisped with an vttermost tortuousnesse: yet not for this is their complexion hot, but rather these notes ought to be attributed to the outward heate, séeing they a [...]e knowne rather to be cold, through the heat va­porating. [Page 16] But the Germanes, Wendenland peo­ple, and those which dwell in the cold Countreyes, are white of body, their haires yellow and plaine: yet not for this, is it generally to be said, that they be colde, but rather that their complexion is verie hot, in that the heat is included in the inward par­tes of their bodies, as the like hapneth in the win­ter time. Gallen vttereth, that the white hayres of the head, do declare a cold comple [...]ion, and the qua­lity of a diminished coldnesse, hath the hairs of the head yellow as Gold: and the complexion of a di­minished hotnesse, hath the haires of the head red in colour.

Auerroys Writeth, that in whom coldnesse is lesser than hotnesse, hath golden or yellow hayres on the heade, in that the yellownesse doth signifye the Complexion of a diminished coldnesse. And the rednesse of hayres on the head, dooth declare a Complexion of lesser hotnesse, than is the Quali­tie hauing blacke Haires: and this (for a truth) is true, in that the rednesse is néere, and a neighbour vnto blacknesse: and like the yellownes & white­nesse. The Golden colour of the hayres, hath an equall and temperate qualitie, of the yellowe and red mixt and compound together. These hitherto Auerroys.

The Ayres and Countryes, haue an operation, in the cause of the hayres of the heade, which di­ligently [Page] is to bee obserued and noted, seeing it is not to be made any question at all, that so well in the blacke haires, as the yellow, is the equality of a like complexion declared: héere we apply Iupiter séeing it hath any yreall Nature. Nor in the haires of the Illyrian, the blacknes, which of his quality, signifieth a hotnes, when as their kinde hath the same.

The ages also doe worke, in the matter of the haires of the head, for that yong men bee like to the Meridionals, children like to the Septentrionals, and old age as a meane betwéene both.

The haires of the head much in a child, argueth that his quality (as he groweth) turneth into the Melancholy: and in an old man the like, signifieth that he is presently Melancholike.

By these we vnderstand, that the haires of the head lying plaine, do denote a coldnes of the brain, especialy when they are soft in the féeling: for these do then declare a fearefulnes, and pusilanimity, ap­plied to the Indians and Shéep, forasmuch as this is a moyst complexion, as the Learned Albertus writeth.

Those persons which haue the hairs of the head so much crisped, that these bée in condition like vn­to dried Pepper, as the Indians are, which dwell vnder such hot places, that do make blacke & Cris­ped the haires so much, euenlike to the dried Pep­per: [Page] by which, most writers do digestiuely note a weaknes. When in them shall be a most great re­solution wrought: and that moysture is diminish­ed, then doth old age fast come on. For such which dwell in those countries, become old at xxx. yeares, and their hearts are fearfull and weak of courage, which well declareth, that the kinds of them, hee much resolued.

The bodies dwelling in hot countries, are ligh­ter than others: as the same witnesseth Aristotle in Methaphoricis, where he puttteth a difference of the Countries, in Phisiognomating.

Conciliatore in 10. partic. proble. reporteth, that for the much hotnes, causing the moysture to euaporate forth, by which accident their members are like winded and writhed, and generally, the liuing things of those climates, which euidently is declared by gréene woode dried, which depriued of the proper moysture, appeareth winded and wry­thine, when the moysture doth not equally breake forth thorow out, except it hath a viscous moisture verie vnctious. For which cause (in Phisiogno­mating) it behooueth to consider many matters and notes.

The colour of the hayres of the head yellowish, like to Honey, doth declare the Dominion of cold­nesse, thorough the heate couered in the moysture as the like are in Children: yet the Persons dwel­ling [Page] Northerly, haue the like condition thorough the Region, which much beguileth in Phisiogno­mating vpon the like subiect. And such persons to Venus are attributed: so that the same be either of Nature, or by Art. The haires of the head, grosse and blacke, are applied to Saturne: yet is not the same to be like considered of them, as of the Spa­niards, for this declareth them to be subiect to the earthly and shadowy moisture.

The haires blacke and rough, and not plaine lying, doe signifie a hotnesse in that person, as the white haires do indicate a cold complexion.

Ionnicius in hys [...]g [...]gis vttereth, that there are foure manner of colours of the haires of the head: that is to say, the black, the red, the gray, or flaxine, and the hoarie. The blacke colour proceedeth from the great and much quantity of the kindled Chol­ler, or by the much combustion of the blood: but the red colour, thorough the mightinesse of heate, not adust, of which the haires are alwaies caused red: the flaxine colour, procéedeth of the aboundance of Melancholy: but the hoary white, is caused of the ouer-much lacke of naturall heat, and through the effect of rotten Flegme: and this for the most part is caused in old persons. And these sometimes de­clare the venerial conditions.

The colour of the hayres, like to the cléer horne, are attributed to the nature of Mars: So that the [Page 17] haires be not grose, but somewhat small, and this through the subtlenes of the humors. And that it is black through an intensed heat, like bred baked on coales from which the moisture flyeth; so that by the long lying thereon is made blacke. When in the other parts of the body, there is ouer-much hairinesse seene, there do the stars of Saturne and Mars worke their vertue, who are noted to be rob­bers on the high-way, especially when the Eye­browes be very thick ioyning ouer the Nose, and that the eyelids be hairy, but when the breast shal be only hairy, declareth a hot and stout person.

The whole bodie couered with hayre, both thicke and rough: dooth denote such a person to be of a more brutish will and nature, than manly. [Page] When the nape of the necke shall bee hairy, it de­noteth strength and courage, and applied vnto the Lyon.

When the Physiognomer (by any occasion) came to Princes Courts, or Noblemens houses: he would at the first thoroughly behold and consi­der on euery side, the Officers and seruants about the Prince, or Lorde: but most especially the fa­ces.

It chanced on a time (at the request of some) to view and earnestly mark the faces both of the Of­ficers and seruants attendant on the noble Prince Astorgius Fauent [...]us: among the rest, he especial­ly noted his Secretary, whose personage & forme he thus described. He was small of stature, in bo­dy slender, his face and skin wan of colour: a lit­tle necke, and somewhat short, Mercuries line in the forhead, conditioned in a retrograde manner: the other positures of the face and body answera­ble to the rest.

Touching the iesture of body, he went vpright, making short paces, but trod very fast withal. And the Phisiognomer considering the others about this Nobleman, perceiued sundry of them subtle & crafty deceiuers by whom their Lord was greatly abused and indammaged, especially thorough the meanes of his Secretary that notable deceiuer. Al which the phisiognomer séeing, by a similitude, vt­tered [Page 18]

these words: That he as an Angelical rose, was in a maner suffocated and choked by the wic­ked thornes daily conuersant about him.

Thus may a man by outward signes, find out the qualities of people. As when a woman attired in mans apparrell, it dooth then declare and ma­nifest her nature to drawe neare to mans. As did that couragious woman, named Fracassa, who commonly vsed to weare (by the report of the [Page]

Phisiognomer) mans apparrell: and would on a brauery many times arme herselfe at all points to Just & run sundry times so armed at the cing. The forme of whom (by the earnest view of the Phisi­ognomer) was thus described. Shee had a small head, Pineaple like, a comely necke, large bre [...]ed, séemely armes, answering to the body: but in [...]r [Page 19] other parts, as in the hips, buttockes, thighes, and legs, neare agréeing to mans. She also walked vpright in body, treading lightly, and bearing her head playing like to the Hart. But the other notes of hir body (for breuity sake) was omitted. Con­cluding, that through sundry notes which hee vie­wed, she was subiect to some violent death.

These Italian verses of Franciscus Asculanus may aptly be applied to this place, touching the ex­céeding great deceit & subtilties of many strumpets in their wanton deckings and alurements, to the vtter vndoing of many men, as hath bin heard of by that afore described woman, who drew (by her singular beauty) many a worthy Captaine & Sol­dier to hir company. Wherfore this man, for loue of his Countrymen, sought to perswade them in these verses, as followeth.

In which words, he willeth his Countrymen to beware of the counterfet beauty of most weomen with them, for that it is not natural, but framed by Art, with Waters. Tinctures, & such like things. The Phisiognomer also reporteth, that manie [Page] women, like delighted to garnish and decke vppe themselues, carrying the head after the manner of the Hart, with the eyes rolling and turning heere and there: still turning the head one while on the right side, another on the left, now vpwarde, then downward: which argueth an especiall vnstable­nesse, and an vnsatiate luxury in that creature. In so much, that if they intensiuely possesse or haue these, then such be for the most part cremeriti, and of experience (saith the Phisiognomer) do I report this.

Where sundry men are named to bee effemi­nate, is vnderstood and ment two waies: the one, when as such be delighted to go in apparrell, and decked with ornaments like to women: the other to appeare lasc [...]uious and weake, both of will and courage.

The quality of which apparantly declares, the mind (for the most part) doth like ensue and an­swere to the disposition of the body. For such be noted of experience to be vnfaithfull and euill re­porters & lyars▪ for that through their counterfai­ting answer in parts, to be kinde, fraudulent, and wily.

Further, the youthful delights in men, is séene vnto xx. yeares, or néere vpon: for that the natural heat, is al that tune couered and hid of the moy­sture. The knowledge of which, is well discerned [Page 20] through their members then being soft, that suffer in a manner as the women.

The wearing of heauy garments customablie, doth argue a heauy brain: but the garments light, witnesseth alight braine: which rule, much fur­thereth the person minding to Phisiognomate on any subiect.

The haires of the head Blackish in colour, if they be meanely thinne, as writeth Palemon, and the like Albertus, Aristotle, and Conciliatore, doe then denote very honest conditions, and both a good disposition▪ iudgement, and nature in that person.

The haires of the head yellowish and meanly thin, denoteth that the Sun and Mercury to [...]ear sway in the qualities and nature of that person, af­ter the mind of the Phisiognomer, which I there­to agrée.

Conciliatore writeth, that he which hath the haires of the head small, and in all other partes of the body standing vpright, is argued by iudgment fearfull: for that such persons in great fear appear the like: which for that applied to the condition of the passion.

Alike reason of the [...]ame, vttereth Albertus, which affirmeth that the windy moisture, is cause of such an vprightnesse and staring of the haires. Yet be the hayres sometimes crisped, curled, and [Page] hard, which procéede thorough the drinesse in the sharpe heat, is causing and working the like. The worthy Almansor writeth, that the crispe [...]nesse of the haires, and of these standing vpright, doe de­monstrate a hot quality and hasty nature in that person.

Héere in the first persons, touching the colour of the haires, and the effeminacy of parts, doth the Phisiognomer aptly apply the Moon and Venus: but in the second kind, doth he néere attribute the Sun, or rather Mars.

The haires of the head lying flat, and reaching out on the forehead, denoteth a strong person, yet brutish (of likelyhood) in conditions: for that the polling of heads in our time, may greatly beguile the iudger, applied to the Beare; and other Wilde Beasts.

The like iudgment (the Philosophers say) that the roughnesse of the haires on the head denoteth in many (lacking educa [...]ien & grace) the rudenesse of manners, and wild behauiour.

The haires of the heade after the minde of the Philosopher Aristotle, very thin, indicates an effeminate minde, for the lack of bloud, thorough which not only a slownesse, but a womanly corage and dulnesse in conceiuing is procured.

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A much quantity of the haires of the head lying [...], and a part on the middle of the fore-head fol­ding and widing vpward toward the braine, or crowne of the head: do argue (after the agréement of Authors) that such a person to bee both subtile and wily: yet in honest and iust causes not found so aduised and witty: for which reason, attribu­ted of the Phisiognomer to the barbarous sort.

The haires of the head, flat lying of either side, descending to the forehead: doe declare such a per­son condicioned, to the nature of the horse.

The haires next the Temples small and thin: doe denote a cold person and weake of strength: the reason of which séemeth to bée, for that the [Page] temples supply that place, where the great Arter [...] and vaiues doe end. And in this, the place should naturally bee hot, through which causing the en­gendering of haires, in that the same is procured of heat. For which cause, when the haires of the tem­ples be small and thin, doe then denote the lacke of naturall heat: and applied to women, being the [...] [...]are of haires.

The haire of the temples thin, yet found stiff [...], do then denote not onely a feareful person, but cold also by nature.

The haires thicke growing about the tem [...] and eares: doth denote that person (of experience knowne) to be of an hot nature, and prone to the veneriall act.

The haires in that place, if they shall be big [...] whiter: doe then denote vntaught manners, [...] rude conditions: applied to those brutish sort, na­med the Frizeland men.

The haires in the same place, if they shall bee either perfit blacke, or flaxen of colour: doe then argue a violent and furious mind, applied (of the likelihood) to the Boare.

The haires so it and thin, and excéeding small, do then declare an effeminate mind and courage: and that this person not onely lacking blood, but to be dull of sense, and slow.

When the haires shall be yet much thinner, [...] [Page 22] then innuate a crafty, hard, or néere, and couetous person: applied (after quality) to the fearefulnesse and couetousnesse, both of the Barbarian and As­sirian: for that the Assirians, are by nature excée­ding couetous.

The haires much and grosse, and flat lying, with a hairinesse of all the body in a child: doe witnesse the melancholy to ensue, that is to [...]y, to become franticke and mad.

When the haires in age are much increased, then doe they represent the much ad [...]stion aboue nature: which so causeth the sicknesse of innocen­cy and foolishnesse.

The vttermost line or creast of the hairs of the head, if the same reacheth and goeth from the fore­head: do then argue a crafty person, hauing a per­uerse and wicked vnderstanding.

The vttermost line or creast of the haires, if the same extendeth to the forhead: doth then note such a person to be stout, and somewhat wilde. This like is thus pronounced by reason of the hotnesse, and such are propperlie applyed to the Nature of Mars.

The vttermost Line or Creast, if behinde the fore-part of the Head (at which ended the begin­ning of haires) disrendeth towarde the Nape of the Necke: doth then argue such a person in wic­ked matters, to be crafty, but in the good, lacking [Page] discretion, and lecherous.

Such a lyne from the forepart, when the same is farre higher from the nape of the necke: doth then demonstrate such a person to be slow, feare­full, of an effeminate minde, and many times ire­full.

The haires of the head, yellow as Golde, doe declare such to be right Sollistans: that is to say, of a prowde and hawty minde, and vaine glori­ous.

The haires of the head soone hoary, doe indi­cate the lacke of naturall heate, or putred flegme: and these sometimes witnesse veneriall conditi­ons.

If a man by the Art and skill of Phisiogno­my, may finde to place in the forehead, and face, both Mercury and Mars: then such (of skill knowne) bee found through the inclination, to addict their mindes to Alchymie, and in the same to inuent the great deceite in Mettalles, and false coyning of Money, and imagine many e­uilles pernitions: of which condition (béeing at Uenice) I saw two like beheadded, for such a wicked Fact, in the yeare 1565. Whose bodyes and heads (after the order of the Countrey) [...] immediatly burned with the Scaffold into Ashes: but of these the elder and principall, was much more spiced with the notes of Saturns retrograde.

[Page 23]Women by nature waxe not bald, in that the quality of them draweth néere, and is like to the nature of Children.

The gelded persons wax not bald, in that they be changed into the feminine or womanly nature: but few such (at this day) he here with vs: except those by hap, caused through the incession of a rup­ture.

To conclude the horinesse, and whitish flaxen colour of the haire of the head, is caused of a flama­tick quality: and such of nature draw néere to the quality of women, as experience teacheth.

[Page]SEeing the head of all other partes of man, is most open to be séene: it shall therefore be good to v [...]ter largely of the constitution and form there­of. Which the Philosopher seemeth to distinguish and deuide into seauen formes, of these the first form he vttereth to haue no imminency or bearing out before, but behind: the second forme, that an imminency containeth in the forepart, and not in the hinder: the third forme, that the head againe lacketh an imminency before, and not behind, and that the same be formally round: the fourth form, that the temples, in respect, haue a more bearing out, then either the forepart or the hinder: the fift forme, that it be in forme like to the Pine Apple: the sixt forme, that there be a great distance from the eares before, then behind: the seauenth form, that it be in a most comely manner proportioned: and in these do Gallen, Auicen, Auerroys, and di­uers other learned agrée.

So that the head béeing either ouer big or ouer small porportioned, is nothing at al liked of them: in that the same is corrupted and hindered of the proper vertue. For such hauing the like forme, when they approach vnto an vnderstanding, ap­peare euidently to be harmed and hindered. As a small head is euermore corrupted: euen so a bigge head appeareth sometimes good, and sometimes [Page 24] viciated and euill.

But the best formed head, allowed of the lear­ned, is that, which hath an exact roundnesse, and is on eyther side a little depressed, with an immi­nency before and after: so that where the temples are, a certaine plainnesse may appeare: as by ex­ample, that a certaine ball of Waxe made exactlie round, should bee some-what depressed of eyther side: then should that round form (as the Geome­trians affirme) most apt to receiue formes, aun­swerable to proportion.

For which cause, the more lawdable head, is that, which hath a meane forme in the proportion and bignesse, and containeth a decent roundnesse, which besides enioyeth an imminency, before and after tempered with a little compression or flat­nesse. Auicen writeth, that the cause of smalnesse of the head in the creature, is the paucity or small quantity of matter: but the cause of bignes of the head, is the great quantity of matter, being sper­maticall.

Rasis answering to the forme of the scull: for if the scull shall be small, then will the braine be like, Et econtra.

The figure also of the scull, if the same be cor­rupted, then is the forme of the braine like corrup­ted. Besides the head in smalnesse superfluous, must of necessitie be euill.

[Page]That head is commended, which in bignesse is a meane, hauing comely roundnesse, and decent eminency both behinde and afore: and hath from both the eares a little flatnesse: this Almansor.

So that mans head (among all other beastes) hath proportionally much braines. The males (of knowledge vttered) haue more braines than the Females: although the effect may sometimes shew a contrary to this. But of these which are sildome caused, or rather by accidence, is neyther Art nor Science vttered. Mans head (of the dili­gent search) is knowne to haue more ioynts, then all other beasts.

The man also is found to haue more ioyntes then the Woman. The head of a comely and due forme, is fashioned like a Hammer, in which the fore and hinder part beare out: for otherwise ca [...] this not make a due direction and gouernment: the reason of which is: for that the ventricles haue a due forme to receiue the quantities of spirites in euery place: as that the forepart to imagine and iudge, the hinder especially to remember. But the middle ventricle, when the forme of it is light­ly compressed and flatted, then is the bethinking part so much the nobler, and worthyer: for that in the same small place, is the best vnitie▪ to di­stinguish the congruent, from the incongruent, of the obiect consisting in the forepart. When [Page 25] the forme of the head afore is depressed, and [...] in, then faileth the iudgement (of the Creature: when the hinder part lacketh in the eminency, or is depressed, then like faylesh the rememb [...]an [...]. There consisteth also a weakenesse in moouing of the sinnewes, and by the consequent of the whole body: in that by the strength of the braine, as the strength [...] of the [...] sinnewes. And as the largenesse of the [...]-points, [...] so of the [...], and bones. [...] writeth that the head [...] a [...] manner, doth encrease both sense and vertues and denoteth in that person both [...] and a grauity of [...]. The [...], and not in [...] proportion formed, doth [...] the contrary to these afore. So that when the head shall be great, then will the braine be like bigger [...] that the [...] the beginner and worker of all the senses. Againe, if the head be great, then are the senses many: & [...] contra.

To haue a most bigge he [...] (as [...] wr [...] ­teth) and that in due forme: [...] denote [...] of manners, and goo [...] conditions in that person.

The head great with a diuers forme proporti­oned, and the sinnewes small with a comely [...]rm of the neck: notwithstanding smal and the bones small: is a roote of an euill composition and forme of the braine.

[Page]Such hauing a big head without due form (are for the more part) Idiots and Fooles, and vnapt to learne, or to be taught: which signe and note is accidentally gathered of the Asse, hauing a big [...]. This also is verified, when as the head is not answerable to the neck and body, and propor­tioned orderly after nature.

The head big and the Necke small, is an euill signe: for that the vertue forming lacketh in that creature, and matter is also inobedient: of which ensueth a simplicity of wit, and lacke of discretion in that person.

The head great, proportioned agréeably to the body, or rather to the necke, so that the necke bée strong and meanely big, with strong and big sin­newes, not without good reason and desert, is the same lawdable and commended.

[Page 26]The head Pineapple formed, after the conditi­on of a sharp vpright Piller, in such manner, that the neather part shall be bigge and round, but the vpper part sharpe to a Pineapple fashioned: dooth argue in that person, an vnshamefastnesse, ireful­nesse, gréedy catching, and rash boldnesse, which proceedeth through the hotnesse and drinesse of the braine. Such (for the more part) are the formes and conditions of the Janewaies, and many of the hypocriticall religions.

The person which much stirreth too and fro, and not long abiding in a place is noted bolde, and yrefull: and such a person séemeth to haue a hotte braine.

The head big, with the other signes denoting wit, is an apt receptacle and place for good Artes: but other-wise is the same, when as the Head is great, and not aunswering to the other Mem­bers.

If the forme of the head (as afore vttered) bée comely, with the fore ventricle of a good forme and sufficient moyst, is then lawdable: in that the attayning and imprinting of kindes, is by the moysture caused, but the intention caused tho­row the dryth, which is conta [...]ned in the hinder part. When the braine is great, then are cau­sed bigge sinnewes, which of that reason argue drynesse in the places: for these of theyr proper [Page] nature be knowne cold and dry. And of this the vertue memoratiue is made strong in retayning the kindes, and by that helpe reserueth them long.

The head with the middle ventricle, somewhat compressed or flatted of either side: dooth denote the vertue of bethinking, to bee in compowning prompt and ready; and like in deuiding the same, which is attained through the vnity of spirits, in that place gathered.

The head spericall or throughly round, doth de­note a quicke mouing, vnstablenesse, forgetful­nesse, small discretion, and litle wit in that person: for this motion of the spirits, neuer ceaseth nor re­steth: as in many Frenchmen and Spaniardes, and the like in certaine Germaines, hath béen ob­serued and noted. For when the forme of the head is through rounde, then is the middle ventricle large, and the spirits working in the same so large, vntill these finde a large place, which in the mean time are not sufficiently vnited: and on such wise is the vertue extimatiue weakened, by that the Spirits are carried round about the bounds of the same.

Insomuch that such men hauing the like for­med heads▪ do (of a proper quality and condition) promise much, but performe little: these also are knowne to be importunate, couetous, and enui­ous, [Page 27] thinking onely of the present time (and the same slenderly) so that for the time past, and the same to come, these take no care, nor thinke any whit thereof. For which cause (the Phisiognomer willeth) that no man assuredly trust, any such persons, which especially be found (after skill) to haue the body much chollericke, or melancholike: seeing such conditions in sundry persons of like forme, hath béene obserued many times by the Phisiognomer, which were most true. Further he reporteth, that if any of these happen in authority and beare rule: they are not onely seduced by light credite, but prone to be rauening Wolues, and put forward themselues to vtter their cruelty, and (become in time) wicked Tyrants. The meaner sort of these, are giuen to be Robbers by the high­way, yea, and Murtherers of Men, except theyr vertuous education, and fearing of God, do other­wise contrary these dispositions in them. He fur­ther instructeth, that if the habitude and forme of the abouesaid body be sanguine, then is the afore­said qualities much abated in the same creature, so that such a subiect is but a little inclined to like manners and conditions, through the goodnesse of this complexion.

Heere in this place, somewhat agréeing to the abouesaide, dooth the Phisiognomer place an ex­ample, for instruction sake, which is on this wise.

[Page]

A certaine A [...]maine he noted on a time, béeing Secretary to a worthy Prince in that Countrey, who in the time of wars being in campe with the Prince, espied on a time by hap, a body-louse crée­ping on his hose: which séeing, was much abashed thereat, and beeing in that amazement, required his man to take him off, saying to him scrupulous­ly, that he in no manner wittingly, would sley a creature of God, &c. The form of this man, as the Phisiognomer did diligently note him, was after this manner: he had a sphericall or round head, a narrow forehead, slender necke, thin and narrow shoulder-pointes, loines, and hips, with the other parts of the body, weake and ill formed, & to these the breast narrow, and Marses Line in the fore­head weake, and euill fashioned: sundry other [Page 28] [...] perceiued both in the handes and Face, which for breuity he omitted: but to conclude, the Phisiognomer found by sundry notes, that this faint hearted Secretary, was not onely fearefull, but very light of beléefe, and brutish in conditi­ons.

The head small, must of necessity bee euill, in that such a person lightly falleth sicke, and within is the braine little, with a straightnesse or narrow­nesse of the ventricles: in which, the spirits drawn narrow, are so letted, that they cannot orderlie worke a due vse and effect; and these pressed togi­ther are in such manner inflamed and choaked, that they may neither duely imagine, dispose, nor remember. So that such persons like formed, are knowne to bee fearefull; yea, yrefull, and retay­ning ire long: through the intensed drinesse of the braine, and the distempered heat. These be also of a small iudgement and vnderstanding, and ney­ther can orderly discerne: they both compasse and worke false matters: yea, euill speakers, bablers, and double tongued: from which the Phisiogno­mer counselleth a man to flye and shunne, as hée would auoyde his wicked enemy, except grace and prayer, bridle and temper the effectes aboue vtte­red.

The head vnseemely long, and twhart fashi­oned to an Organe Pipe, dooth not onelie denote [Page] vnshamefastnesse, but an impudency and p [...]uish conditions.

The head short, yet the same per [...]t round, doth by the (opinion of the Philosopher) denote such a person, not onely to be empt [...], and [...] of honest guifts and vertue, but lacking wisedome. The head Pineapple like formes, dooth indicate vn­shamefastnesse in that person: th [...] rather, and of more like [...]hood, if the other notes aunswere: this Conciliatore.

The head flat and plaine, doth argue that vice of ambition and sensuality, in the person mightily bearing sway. The head eminent or bearing out in the forepart, dooth note a hawtinesse and arro­gancy in the Creature▪ after the opinion of the a­bouesaid Philosopher.

The head in the forepart vallied, depressed, and hollow: doth denote an irefull and deceitfull per­son: but such which haue the hollow of the hin­der part of the head flatted: are noted after Arte, to be very fearefull persons: applyed to the kind [...] like.

The head bigge, with a largenesse of the fore­head, and countinaunce vnto a Gyant: dooth ar­gue such a person to bée slowe, yet strong in the composition of Bodie, and gentle of behauiour: but that person (of the Philosopher) is reported vnapt to be taught, and to learne: and applyed [Page 29] for that cause vnto the Ore.

The head long, and somewhat protensed or streatched out to the forme of a hammer (euen as the heads of the Switzers for the most parte are) doth indicate such a person to be reasonably feare­ful, diligent, circumspect, and a foreséer in waigh­ty matters and affaires.

The head right out formed in the midle plain, and in a maner flat, being also of a mean bignesse, doth indicate such a person not to be onely wittie, but stout, and of great courage.

The head well formed, doth denote such a per­son to possesse a singuler wit, to bee one of a good aduisement and consideration, yet liberal in gifts: but by the report of Conciliatore, this Person sometimes will be very fearefull and faint-hear­ted.

The head either small or big, is vnderstood and meant, according to the measure and proportion of the whole body, as saith Albertus.

The head short, declareth such to lacke reason, vnderstanding and wit: as report Palemon, Al­bertus, and Conciliatore.

The head in the hinder part hollow, doth de­note an irefull person, wily, and deceitfull: and these acording to the notes answering to the other parts of the head and body.

And in whom you shall espie the temples hol­lowe [Page] of either side, such (by the agréement of the Philosophers) shall you iudge and pronounce to be cruell, deceitfull, and great dissemblers, with o­ther conditions scarsely tollerable.

Hitherto, of the iudgements of the head: next followeth the iudgements of the forhead, after the rules and order of the Art: as a member and part greatly to be regarded, both for the composition and lines (worthy memory) séene in the same.

[Page 30]THe face saith Aristotle, euermore goeth bare, [...]pecially in man.

The forehead is that space lying betwéene the highest browes vpward, & the eies downward.

The bredth whereof, beginneth from the roote of the nose, where the eye-lids end: and reacheth vnto the garland seame about the head.

The length oft be forehead is vnderstood after the bredth of the body, which way the hairie sin­newes are seen to stretch and runne. As the like the Phisiognomer hath obserued in many of the best learned.

Also at Rauenna hee behelde the Image of that learned Dante, hauing the like forme.

Héere note, that a man must consider all other parts, with the conditioned forme of the head, and the agréement of the countenance, otherwise this cannot be verified.

By the rounde forehead, shall you conceyue and vnderstand a certaine sphericall or very round eminency and bearing outwards: such a forme of necessity must be granted to lacke in the length of the Fore-head. The cause of this is, for that the [...]pirices in the same emptie place, are reuerbera­ted and inflamed, and that the inflamation long continueth: Which reason and saying is con­firmed, when such haue a short Necke and chol­lericke, [Page] in that the inflamation of bloud is light [...] caused and abiding.

The forhead is an vtterer of heauinesse, [...]irth clemency, and cruelty: of which the prouerb cam, That the flattering person sheweth a smooth & smiling forehead: the irefull man a knitting or wrinkling forehead.

Aristotle affirmeth the forehead to be the seat or place of modesty and honor: and the same for the méerenesse of the imaginatiue vertue, which with the common fence in the fore-part of the braine, is placed as principall of the head, by force of whose vertue, either heauinesse or mirth, comelinesse, or vncomlinesse, are sodenly carried vnto the iudge­ment of reason, and by the same iudged. Of this we name such to haue a shamelesse & bra [...]en fore­head, which put away or set aside all bashfulnesse and shame.

The forhead thorough the discending of all the sinnewes from the braine, to performe the sense, is as it were a certaine tower and [...]ortresse, to whose hollownes do the fiue sensitiue sinnews concurre of the outward senses, through whose helpe, from all the obiects of the sences, at the seat of reason, is iudgement caused.

The S [...]inne of the Fore-head, which with a certaine musculous and thinne substaunce fast­ned to it, is vnited or ioyned together, that the [Page 31] inner parts of the hands, and soals of the féet, with the tendons, do agrée together.

The fore head distinguished of the bones, lying vnder the vtter skin, doth only consist of two mo­uable skins: and briefly, the whol is lose in it self: and of the same, is vndoubtedly mooued, by a vo­luntary.

The skinne of the forehead, dooth mooue togi­ther with the eye-liddes, by certaine muscles and sinnewes: at the opening and shutting togither of the eyes.

The Musculous thickenesse, lying vnder the skinne of the forehead, by which the eye-browes are drawne vp, and the motion of the foreheade caused, hath his hairie fastnings tending downe­warde: which cut ouerthwart, by an vnskillfull Chirurgian, doth after cause, that the whole skin of the forehead, dooth slide or fail downe to the eyes.

The plaine and euen forehead without anie wrinckles, is the same which doth beare or bosse nothing outwardes: but containeth or hath a certaine éeuennesse thoroughout.

And such persons are noted (of the Phisiogno­mer to be contentious and full of variances: the reason is, for that the same signifieth a grose skin of the forhead, and of the consequent, alike Wit: and the hardnesse of Flesh, which cannot be pla­ced, [Page] of which the rudenesse of vnderstanding ensu­eth through the Organ not due proportioned. And such also be hot and drie persons, which causeth y^e tention of the forehead: so that through the pauci­ty of vnderstanding, they be caused brawlers and contentious.

In all matters, there is a certain outward note, by which we find those that are not answering to the eies, that is, the inward notes not seen. Of this appeareth, that the nature of the propper matter hath his, and Philosophy naturall hath his, whic [...] it skilfully noteth.

The person hauing a bigge forhead, is slow and dull Witted, compared vnto the Oxe, in that the Oxe is a flow beast, which hath a bigge forehead. But the forehead small, dooth denote an vnsta [...] person.

The forhead large, doth indicate such a person to be inclined often to change both mind and pur­pose: but if the forhead be large, then such (for the most part) is noted to be a foole, of small Discreti­on, and dull witted: as both Aristotle and Aui [...] write.

The forehead very large, is meant to bee for­med with a due quantity, both in the length [...] bredth.

The forehead round and fleshy, argueth such to be yrefull: especially if the same be bearing or [...] [Page 32] out, and with this lacking discretion dull and slow: who of the Phylosopher, aptly aplied to the Asse.

The forehead ouer much standing foorth, that the same séemeth [...]ossed out in the middle, signifies excesse of choller: and such (for the most part) are disposed and inclined vnto the chollericke and ha­sty passions, as vnto the frensinesse and furious hastinesse.

Alike to this, that if the forehead hath (as it [...]) a proper bearing forth, or knob bossing out, and certaine dentings in, or little furrowes to bée séene, doth (by practise of the Phisiognomer) sig­nifie such a person to bee rash, wily, and false of promise: yea, this like (by the report of Adaman­ti [...]s) doth denote somtimes foolishnesse and frensi­nesse or madnesse in that creature: so that the o­ther signes and notes of the parts, aunswere and agrée.

The forehead little and narrow, dooth indi­cate such a person to bee foolish, and a small likely­hoode in him to bee taught, or to conceyue anie learning to purpose: yea nastie, sluggish, and a gl [...]ttonous Féeder▪ applied for these to the grun­ting Sowe. But the Fore-head small, that is thinne of skinne, and verie narrow, in a Swarty person, dooth denote him to be Lasciuious, soone mooued to ire, ouer liberall, séeking destrouslie [Page] acquaintance, and a manifest note of small wit in him.

Héere note, that the forehead small and hauing a thin skin, doth ind [...]cate in that creature subtile & moueable spirits, &c econira. For the spirits [...] a subtle substance, ayre all, cleare, and produced of y^e lightest and most thin part of blood, by which the vertue of life is carried vnto [...] proper [...] the same. So that where the ouermuch [...] is of the forhead, there of necessity must the grose spirits be ingendred, which [...] not apt to in [...] conceiue [...]ply, for the expulsiue vertue which is weaker in that person. A [...] the vertue [...] is stronger or mightier than the same dispersed on that the spirits vnited, cannot aptly discerne the congruent actions, through the ouer empty, large, and flegmaticke place.

The forehead ouer thin of skin, and wrinckles doth argue the lacke of brain, and consumption [...] the substantiall moisture, as the like appeareth in aged person [...]: and in those which by daily & con­ [...]nuall sicknesses are wasted, and brought [...].

The forehead long, doth witnesse such apti [...] to be Witty, [...] to learne or to bee taught: [...] somewhat vehement in causes many times. For these are of the Philosopher aptly applied to the fierce Dogge. [Page 33] new acquaintance, and a note of small Witte in him.

Héere note, that the fore-head small, and ha­uing a thin skinne, doth ind [...]cate in that creature, subtill and moueable spirits, & econira. For the spirits [...] substance, ayre all, cleare, and pro­duced of the lightest and mo [...] thin part of bloud, by which the vertue of life is carried vnto the pro­per actions of the same. So that where the ouer­much thicknesse as of the forhead▪ there of necessi­ty must the grosse spirits be ingendred, which are not apt to meditate or conceiue deepely for the expulsiue vertue, which is weaker in that Person: and the vertue vnited is stronger or mightier then the same dispersed; so that the spirites vnited, can­not aptly discern the congruent actions, thorough the ouer empty, large, and flegmatick place.

The forehead ouer thin of skin, and wrinkled, doth argue the lacke of braine, and consumption of the substantiall moisture: as the like appeareth in aged persons: and in those, which by daily and continuall sicknesses are wasted, and brought ve­ry leane.

The forehead long, doth witnesse such a per­son to be witty, apt to learne or to be taught: yet somewhat vehement in causes, many times. For these are of the Philosopher aptly applied to the fierce Dogge.

[Page]The forhead square, hauing an equal and mo­derate largenesse, agreeable to the head and face, or according to the maner of the other parts dooth argue such a person to be vertuous, witty, of ho­nest conditions, and of likelyhood to be hardie and couragious: for which (of the Phylosopher Ari­stotle) applied vnto the Lyon.

The forhead plaine, and wholly without wrin­kles, doth indicate such a person, to séek and be de­sirous of great honour, and the same aboue his reach and possibility to be compassed: beeing one also of small discretion, spitefull, and very yrefull, or that continueth long angry, obstinate, and full of strife. A like to this, doth Adamantius Write: that the forehead long, lean, and hollow: to testi­fie such a person, fearefull, crafty, and desirous of honour.

[Page 34]The Forehead that bosseth out vnto the edge, is of some allowed, especially if th [...] same well an­swereth to the head. But if such a roundnesse oc­cupieth and causeth the smooth and plaine streat­ching out at length of the temples, and that the same is bare of haire, doth indicate in that person the towardnesse and worthinesse of wit, the desire of honor and arrogancy, such also valiantly atempt bold and mighty enterprises: as the same is noted sundry times, of the worthy Physiognomer Co­cles.

The person that draweth or knitteth together the skinne, in the middle of the forehead, with the ouerbrowes, is not only noted to be waiward and yrefull, but gréedily bent and fixed to the horrible excesse, and gréedy coueting of money; much to be detested: as Palemon, Loxius, Morbeth, Co [...]ci­liatour, write.

The forehead (as Thaddeus Hagecius repor­teth) stretched out plaine and euen, and the same as one smyling, dooth argue such a person to be a Flatterer, and hardly to bee trusted: as the same of experience noted: which maner of appe [...]raunce the Philosopher Aristotle, doth attribute and ap­ply to the kinde of the passion: in that the Fore­head thus stretched, throughout equal and smooth, is laboured (as it were) by a made or dissembling meanes. The same also is named of the Phisiog­nomer [Page] (and Thaddeus agréeth thereto) a counter­faited forhead, when it thus appeareth wholy ret­ched out plaine and smooth. As by a like may well appeare in such persons, at what time they flatter: and in the Dog fawning for an intent, which ma­keth smooth the forhead.

The forehead clowdy through wrinkles, doth signifie such a person to be bold, fierce, coragious, and terrible, compared of the Phylosopher for the like, to the furious Bull and Lyon.

A meane condition of the fore-heade, betwéene the former vttered, doth by iudgement of all wri­ters, decently agrée: and such a person hath béene noted (for the most part) to be gentle, ciuil, of ho­nest Nature, and indued with good conditions: as these of experience noted, by the well practised Physiognomer Co [...]les.

The forehead appearing in a sad manner, with a heauy countenance, doth argue such a person to be full of mourning and heauinesse, and applyed to the effect: in that such which waile and mourn, haue then a heauy countenance, and be ful of sor­row.

The forehead drawn together or wrinckled in the middle, doth signify such a person to be yrefull, and reuenging.

The fore-head long, leane, und hollow, dooth denote such a person to be fearefull, crafty, and de­sirous [Page 35] of honor.

The foreheade hanging downe, and shadow­ed as it were, doth indicate such a person much in­clined and prone to shed teares: for which reason, these of the Phylosopher, are aptly applied to the kinde of the passion: and to this doe the later wri­ters agrée.

The Fore-head bigge, is alwayes caused tho­rough the bignesse of the Bone, grosenesse of the flesh, and the thickenesse of the skinne: contrary­wise the Forehead small, is through the thinnesse of the Bone, Flesh, and Skinne: as both the phi­losopher Aristotle and Palemon, with others, doe Write.

The forehead apearing deformed, through the many wrinkles déep, by which the same is named foule, signifieth a sorrowfull person, and applied of Aristotle to the kind of the passion: in that such, which sundry times vexing and grieued in mind, do then vtter and shew a like wrinkled and defor­med forhead.

The Forhead bare of hair (as Thaddaeus Ha­gecius writeth) and hauing a plaine & euen skin, except the same within the vpper Face aboue, or ouer the nose, dooth signifie a malicious Person, deceitfull, and full of yre, yea, contentious many times.

The forehead cloudy or lowring, and wrincled, [Page]

yet in the middle of the same more wrinkled, doth together indicate with the two best vertues (as doth stoutnesse of courage and wit the most hate­full vice of cruelty, to consist in that creature after the mind of the Phylosopher.

The forehead very great round in forme (by the bearing out) and bare of haire, doth not onely argue (by the agréement of all writers such a per­son to be hardy and stout, of wil hardly to be bride­led, but a dissembler and lyar & the rather if the o­ther parts answere.

The forehead long, with the countenaunce or face long and slender, and chinne like slender and thinne, dooth not onely (after the minde of the [Page 36] Physiognomer, and Thaddeus) denoteth such a person to be rigorous and cruel, but bearing ru [...]e, to be a Tyrant.

The forehead confused by wrinckles, and the face appearing puffed vp, thorough and ouer-much fatnesse, doth indicate an [...]nstable, flegmaticke, grosse, and dull witted person, by the agréement of Palemon, and others.

The forehead narrow, to be foolish: & the same long in forme, vnapt to learne. This hie swol [...]e or bolned out, and round, to be a deceiuer, subt [...], and wily. The forehead wrinkled, to haue déepe cogitations, and buethened with cares. The same round in the bossing out, to be not onely enuiou [...], but crafty. The forehead large (after bredth) doth denote such a person, not only honest conditioned, but frée of expences, and liberall in gnifts, as Lo­xius, Philemon, Palemon, and sundrie other wri­ters report.

Certaine report, and rightly in the same, that the forehead ouermuch wrinckled, dooth argue much vnshamefastnesse in that person: the reason is, when the Uertue apprehensiue and conceiuing is weakned, the same then cannot orderly discerne the Congruent, from the incongruent: of which insueth those that are wrought without shame­fastnesse. The cause of this is, in that the forepart of the braine is very moyst, and of the ouer much [Page] moysture is this great wrinckling caused of the Forehead.

Yet note, that the wrinkling of the forehead may like be [...] of two causes, as of drinesse and moisture: sauing the difference is, that the same which proceedes of drines, doth not occupy y^e whol forehead, so that this si [...]nifieth irefulnesse in that creature, and anger in the other person of a moy­ster quality. The reason is for that the person dis­cerneth nor the same, which causeth and retaineth both the ire & hatred, without due cause: and such also are knowne (for the most part) to bée full of enuy and strife, [...] couetous & il tongued. Oh how many vaine Physitians be there (saith the Phisi­ognomer) [Page 37] which nothing at all regard, nor care for the science of Phisiognomy: yea, they in a ma­ner wholely decide the professors of the same, tho­row their simple trauaile, and study bestowed in the science. A [...]icen reporteth in secunda quarti. Chap. 26. that necessary it is for a Phisition by Phisiognomy, [...]iligently to consider in the face, [...], and other members, the euill forme not [...]: and that he especially regardeth at the first whether the same forme & note be natural, and ac­cording to the indiuiduate l [...]ke aunswering, so to pronounce iudgement. The like words in a man­ner, reporteth that worthy man Galen, in his first booke of complexions.

Henricus and Guydo, in a proper chapter of the Pockes write, that such hauing a short fore-head (as to length) and both the Temples flat, and che [...]ke bones large, be prone and apt to come vnto that impost [...]mation or swelling in the throat, na­med (of many) the Kinges euill: for that in such Creatures the matter is readily deriued and sent to the necke: but this especially hapneth to Chil­dren, through gulositie and much feeding, and both thinnesse and moysture of body: yea, the same is the more verified, when as the head (to the Iudger) appeareth big, and not due proporti­oned.

Conciliat [...] thus writeth, that the person [...] [Page] which hath an [...]uen stretched and smooth forhead, with a certaine shining in the same, is denoted to be not onely a flatterer, but dereitfull, and hardly to be trusted. And many like were the Bononian [...] which Conciliatore obserued and noted in his time. The cause of this tention and éeuennesse of the forehead, doth the Phisiognomer suppose to procéede, through the Chollericke quality, for that by his drinesse the skin stretcheth out plaine: but the cleernesse of shining, doth denote the subtilnes of skin, and humors: and by the consequent of the Spirits: so that the like forehead, dooth argue a ready wit: but such be faire spoken, vsing myrth and delectable wordes, to the end of purchasing somewhat: for which cause aptly named worldly flatterers, and deceitfull through the moouing of the spirits.

Such hauing wrinckles plaited or gathereh to­gether in the forehead right vp retching, especially vnto the angle of the nostrels: are denoted to bée persons full of care, and déep thoughts bethinking waighty and serious matters, through the sad hu­mour melancholly.

Such hauing the forehe [...]d, parted (as it were) here and there, or the same rough in sight, or o­therwise very hollow in the middle (as if the same to a gutter dented in) with an euennesse through­out, by a loosenesse of the skin, appearing as one [Page 38] smiling: be not onely noted subtill, and very craf­ty, but couetous and very néere or hard persons to deale withall: yea, this note perhaps in some may indicate foolishnesse.

The forehead much awry formed, bearing out both high and round: doth declare such a person to be weake of courage, neither profitable to himself, nor to any other, impudent, lacking both reason and wit [...]i as the Gréek Authour Adamantius wri­teth.

The forehead gathered and wrinckled to a Cloude along the forehead, or downe the middle of it towards the nose, as if the skinne were plai­ted: doth signifie such a person to be irefull▪ furi­ous, and reuenging▪ applyed of the Philosopher [Page] Aristotle, to the Bull and Lyon.

Such a person hauing a shaddowed and lowe forehead, with a pensiuesse of look: doth not only argue a mourning and heauy minde, and giuen to much sadnesse, but sundry times to bee irefull: if we may credit the Commentatour Gulielmus Nurice.

That singuler Philosopher Ptolomeus paru [...]s writeth, that the person hauing a long, high, and large forehead, to be honest condicioned, much bearing, and suffering iniuries, yet of great likeli­hood to increase in Riches: this dooth the learned Conciliatour report.

The forehead appearing euen and smooth, doth denote such a person to be effeminate, both in cou­rage and will: according to the agréement of Phi­lemon, Palemon, Loxius, Aristotle, Conciliator, and the Gréeke Author Adamantius.

Michael Scotus vttereth, that whose forehead in the temples, shall appeare as puffed vp, through the grossenesse of the flesh, in such manner, that the like person hath the chéeks filled with flesh: dooth signifie him to be very unconstant of mind, proud, irefull, and of a grosse or dull wit: the reason of which is, the grossenesse of the temples and flesh: and of the [...]awes and chéeks, doth argue the grosse­nesse of humors, and dominion of heat, in that the same is cause of the irefulnesse, and rudenesse of [Page 39] wit. Such did the Phisiognomer alwaies sée, to haue a big head, with the forme euill, and vnordi­nately proportioned.

The forehead that séemeth crooked in forme, & the same both high and round: doth signifie, or ra­ther is an apparant note of foolishnesse, and impu­dency in that Creature.

These hitherto of the iudgment of the forehead: to which added (as matter agréeable) of the three principall lines, commonly seene in most Mens foreheads, with the skilfull iudgement of those, and other notes there appearing in sundry subiects: much further all such as mind rightly to Phisiogno­mate by this Art.

THe Phisiognomer rep [...]teth, that there came vnto his vnderstanding and knowledg [...], a certaine skilfull Jew, which could by Art Phisiog­nomate and pronounce great matters by the only sight of the face, but especially the forehead: in di­uining matters past and to come. He also could vt­ter of riches, honors, and calamities: yea, of the fortune and infortune, both of the Father and mo­thers, and many other matters besides▪ The same skill when he desired of the Jew (by earnest su [...]t to learne) he vtterly cefused; and denyed this request of his: so that forced he was to vse sundry questi­ons and disputations with him: by which at the length hee perceiued and found, that this person was wholely ignoraunt of Phisiognomy, so well Metamoricall, as of the members and Planets: sauing onely by certaine lines, which at the last through his industry and labour conceiued. And in these (saith the Phisiognomer) haue I found and learned a singuler practise, and an infallible or most certaine truth, which I attained by a long time of practise. So that this worthy Jewell, and most rare secret, he purchased after the manner a­boue vttered, not minding to hide the skill, but [Page 40] rather furthering the same to the vttermost of his power, which he thought most agréeable, to pub­lish next after this Chapter of the forehead, as in a most apt place to ensue.

The instruction & knowledge of which is on this wise: first conceiue that in the flat and euen fore­head, you shall sometimes see there seuerall lines, reaching out the length of the forehead: which af­ter the minde of the Phisiognomer, do import and signifie thrée ages: that is to say, childhood, youth, and old age. This childhood doth he héere meane from birth, vnto xxv. yeares: and youth, from xxv. vnto fifty yeares: and old age, from fifty, to the tearme and end of naturall life: as the same hereafter shall plainer appeare, in the condition of the liues. But for a readier intelligence of the for­mer words, conceiue this example here vnder de­monstrated, which euidently to the eie vttereth these thrée lines, representing the thrée ages in most persons.

To come vnto the matter, the two neather lines, being vnder the thrée principall, which make some­times the form of an angle aboue: are attributed, the one vnto Saturne, standing on the right side, and the other vnto the Moone, appearing on the left side. Of these, that line also on the right side, ascribed vnto the father: and the other on the le [...]t side, vnto the Mother.

[Page]

So that in the same place where these lines ap­peare whole, there (of knowledge) we affirme the good hap and fortune to be: specially, if these she [...] and be straite: in that such lines appearing croo­ked, doe euermore argue the contrary: and the same, either more or lesse, according to the strength and weaknesse of them.

Further, the three ages in all persons, are at­tributed vnto the two vpper, and sixt planet Mer­curie: as heere vnder by this figure doth plainer appeare.

[Page 41]

Of which the fir [...]t, and neather most towards the nose, is named Mercuries line, which repre­senteth the first age: for that in such an age and time, all persons then be aptest to conceiue and attaine both learning, sciences, and handy-crafts: yea, this is named of most men, the flourishing age, although the same somewhat wanton, and vnconstant.

The second line vpward (named Iupiters) re­presenteth the second age, which the Phisio [...]no­mer nameth, the time of veneration, and Wise­dome: for that in the same Age are the large [Page] show of descent, condicions, & liberality vttered: yea, both the stability in religion, & discretions in men, and their lawdable actions. Further, where vertues are imbraced, vices left and detested. Where also is (in men) a fruitfull and commen­dable wit vttered: where besides is the mother of honesty indirated: all which by Iupiters line, are (after the agréement of sundry Writers) represen­ted and expressed.

The third line (after the mind of the Phisiog­nomer) representeth a third age: which of all men is knowne to be the time of sadnesse and couetous­nesse: yea, the wearing out of pleasures, and the end of naturall life. If this line be fortunate, the same then doth indicate an increase by husbandry, land, houses, and al such matters which appertain vnto the office of olde age: so that to such a third line, are all these agréeable, which are attributed to Saturne.

Some perhaps will argue and say to the Phi­siognomer, that this is the age of deuotion: to which I thus aunswere, that old men, in verie deede be then more inclined and bent to serue God séeing that age is then dissolued, and become impotent vnto the wanton pleasure and luxuries: through which these are the more prone, and dis­posed vnto prayer, and the faithfull seruing of God.

[Page 42]The time (to come to the matter) of youth, is knowne to be naturall, and not through endeuor, for which cause, a more affiance and trust, is to be had and found in them for the more part.

So that in the same place, where this line is broken, there the infortune is: as either sicknesse, impouerishment, or any other hindrance.

If the two neather lines (next the Nose) bée whole, and that these, forme as it were an angle and cone about: do then denote (as the Phisiog­nomer hath many times experienced) that such persons to haue a notable fortune vnto the attai­ning and purchasing both of riches, and promoti­ons. Although few such there be, which possesse and inioy the like note.

Further, the said two neather lines; vnder the three principall, are thus applyed: that is, the right line vnto the Planet Saturne, and the left line vnto the Moone. The right line also is attri­buted to the Father, but the left line to the Mo­ther. By which vnderstand, that according to the presence and form of the lines: so iudge of the for­tune and infortune of that person.

But when the saide two lines doe reach and méete into the forme of a triangle, and that there appeareth an ouerthwart line stretched and cros­sing aboue the nose: yet in such manner, that the same formeth not with the others, a perfite try­angle: [Page] doth then denote a competent fortune vnto such a person, and this according to the strength of the lines there seene. For where these lines are broken off▪ lacking, or crooked: there they witnesse and signifie the infortune to succeed.

If a line appeareth in the middle, vnder the lines, in the Dyameter of the Nose: dooth then argue a singuler fortune, and the great increase of riches.

The Philosopher Pt [...]lomeus paruus writeth, that if one line re [...]cheth along the forehead, as from the right side vnto the left, dooth then pro­mise such a person (after nature) to liue thréescore yeares.

If two lines shall the like stretch along the fore­head: do then promise such a person, to liue vnto the age of thrée [...]core and ten yeares.

If thrée lines the like, then vnto fourescore yeares.

If foure lines the like stretched along the fore­head doe then signifie fourescore and ten yeares. And if fiue lines the like stretched a long, doe then declare an hundred yeares: as the learned Ptho­lomeus writeth.

If the [...]hree lines aboue described, are crossed of other lines, doe then denote hatred, troubles, and persecutions for the more part.

If the said crossinges of the lines, shall make [Page 43] an angle: and that one line be bigger then the o­ther: in such maner that the same stretcheth ouer the angle aboue the nose: doth then signifie, that such a person hath Enemies, but they shall not greatly harme him. But further of this forme of the angle crossed, may a man learne and vnder­stand, in any work of Paulmestry: that vtte [...]eth matter of the quadrangle of the hand: as touch­ing friendes and Enemies: and euen the same is witnessed by the signes of the forehead.

If neither angle, crosse, or ouertwart line shall appeare on the forehead, doth then signifie a lucky continuance and glory in workes, and a most hap­py estate vnto the end of life.

The sharpe crossing of lines, to the manner and forme of a pinnacle: dooth then demonstrate both houshold, and familiar enemies, or enemies of the owne Kindred: as Morbeth the Cardinall writeth.

If any two lines of the forehead, are néere ioy­ning together in any part: doe then demonstrate discord and contention with many persons.

The comlinesse and good proportion of the thrée principall lines of the forehead, dooth denote a worthy Fame, and finguler Wit▪ as sundry Au­thors write, and the same affirmeth the Phisiog­nomer.

If many lines are discerned in the fore-head, [Page] then (so appearing) those are named the sisters of the three principall lines: as writeth the former Morbeth. If but one line onely is seene or dooth appeare in the forehead, then according to the ma­ner and forme of the same, & place where that ap­peareth, with the age of the person and dominion of the Planet, must a man like iudge.

If no line at all shall appeare in the fore-head: then by reason, no iudgement at all can bee pro­nounced.

When in the breaking, those lines appeare crooked in this manner, as the example here vnder of the one plainer expresseth: dooth then signifie the greater infortune to that person. As the like by obseruation was noted, in a certaine Italian, and sundry others.

[Page 44]If any of the lines appeareth crooked or bended vpward as a Bow: doth then indicate the greater infortune: But if any line downeward stretched, then the lesser infortune, is signified by the same: as Mant [...]anus and Cocles write.

When in the crooking any of the lines shall bée crossed, especiallie Marses line: doth then signifie violent death vnto that person: and this (accor­ding to the positure and place of the line) shall like be iudged to happen, either in the second or third Age.

The Ueines very bigge appearing in the Fore-head: doth denote the excéeding qualitie of Choller, and that such a person to bee excéeding yrefull.

These hitherto of the iudgement of the thrée principall lines, appearing and to be séene (in a manner) in the foreheads of most subiects: which diligently obserued, and noted by due circum­spection, shall in the end finde this rare and Golden secret, hid a long time from many good wittes: yea, and of these sufficiently skilfull in o­ther lawdable Arts. And that this Jewell may not appeare mutilate, and vnperfite, for the lacke of more principles and instructions to further the same: I intend to publish a singuler treatise verie rare, and knowne but to few Students, intitled Metoposcopie, or by a more knowne name, the [Page] view and beholding of all the lines appeering in the forehead, beginning orderly from Saturns line vnto the Moones, written by a most learned Ma­thematican and Phisition, named [...]haddaeus Ha­gecius of Hag [...]k: the which aded vnto the num­ber of thréescore examples, liuely counterfeited: that he by diligent trauaile, noted and obserued: which no doubt will much help and further those, that mind to iudge on subiects by the ayde of those faithfull instructions, and linely examples: publi­shed in this perfit manner, by that worthy man a­boue named: for recompence of which trauailes, he in my (opinion) well deserueth immortall me­mory, among other of the learned Philosophers; which commendation and opinion of mine, I re­ferre to the wisedome of the Readers, at the com­ming forth of the Treatise: in the meane time, I wish the Readers to vse these instructions aboue vttered. Next followeth the iudgement of the o­uer-browes, as a part belonging to the fore­head by which singuler matter may be learned and knowne.

THe Learned Phylosopher, named N [...]cius Naturae, writeth in the second Book (de par­tibus Animalium) that the ouer-browes and eie­lids were ordained for speciall helpes to the face, as to ornate and beseeme the same, with the auoy­ding of other inconueniences.

The place of the ouerbrowes (as writeth Co­cles) is a part of the Fore-head, and formed of na­ture in that seate, where the bones knit and ioyne together. The ouerbrowes also were ordained to man (as reporteth Thaddaeus) both for profite, and comelinesse sake: these for profit, that the moi­sture [Page] and sweat falling from the forehead, might (as penthouse to the eies) so cast off the moysture distilling, and like the humours and moisture fal­ling from the head (thorough the same eueising) shoote them off, without harme to the eyes. The like words in a manner, vttereth the Phisiogno­mer Cocles.

The ouerbrowes (as reporteth Cocles) were appointed by God and Nature, in the knitting and ioyning of the bones: for that in manie Old [...] persons they grow and waxe so long, that of nece­sitie, and for comelinesse sake also, they must bee clipped.

The causes of the haires (as writeth the Phy­siognomer) are noted to bee foure: as the Effici­ent, the Materiall, the Formall, and Finall. The efficient cause of the hairs, is procured two waies: the one is naturall heate, which eleuateth the hu­mours from the moysture of the body, and sendeth or carrieth them forth vnto the skinny parts. The other is the cold ayre, which both thickneth and co­aguleth those humors, and reduceth them into the forme of haires.

The materiall cause, is two wayes, the first is farre off, and is the corporal moysture: the second cause is néere, and is the earthly vapor or humor, which is euaporated from the moysture. The for­mall cause, is the forme of the haires, as the length [Page 46] and roundnesse of them. The finall cause, is the diuersity of haires, as to the decking & beseeming of the body, like as the haires of the ouerbrowes, of which our intentes is to write at large in this Chapter.

The ouerbrowes haue a hid vertue, to expresse the affections of the mind: of which this prouerbe that the person raiseth or lifteth vp the ouerbrow: meant by the same, that such a one to be arrogant and proud. And such appearing like, doth the ler­ned Thaddeus, rightly name hawty, and sowre of countenance.

The right ouerbrow is more raised, and bended than the lefte: in that all the partes thorough the cause of mouing, do decline and lean vnto the vp­per sight. The right kidny in like maner is known to be higher placed, than is the left: as the aboue­saide Thaddeus writeth.

Such hauing the ouer-browes verie hayrie, be noted péeuish, and ouerthwart in wordes: the reason is, for that the much quantitie of hayres, doth argue the great plentie of hotte and addust matter, through the cause of heate and adustion: of which insueth, or is procured, the vncomelinesse of spéech, through the swiftnesse of words, and ha­sty talke. Their maners in like condition be vnto­warde, and eluish: seeing the vnderstanding and worthy behauiour, is not caused, but thorough a [Page]

temperament, and depriuing of adustion. For, of the great adustion, is the braine euermore heated, or a light cause heateth, through the notable hea­ring: & by the consequent such be clatterers & fu­rious: and they neither think, nor can thinke and direct in their words, a good or right discourse.

The ouerbrowes streatched vpward, if of the hai [...]es discend vnto the beginning of the nose, and vpward eleuated vnto the temples, do denote the deminion of heate and drith, and such are known to be of crafty and wicked conditions.

Conciliatore writeth, that whose ouerbrow [...] appeare whole, and not seueared of hayres be­tweene each, are noted heauy and sadde persons, applyed vnto the similitude of the affection, and [Page 47] passion: as both Aristotle, Albertus, and others report.

Morbeth the Cardinall writeth, that whose o­uerbrowes are stretched vnto the Nose, and reatch vpward to the Temples, in such manner, that the haires spread to either side of the Browes, bee not only noted simple, vnshamefast, enuio [...]o, foolish, without fraud or deceit, but vnsatiable and glutto­nous, applied to the S [...]w.

The ouerbrowes black, not much crooked and deuided with a space, are most of al to be commen­ded: for such ouer-browes had our Sauiour Jesus Christ and the chast Virgin his Mother: as the singular N [...]phorus Preacher, and chi [...]e Pastor of Constantinople Church, and Writer also of the Ecclesiasticall Histories reporteth, in the ende of his first Booke.

The ouerbrownes thin and of meane bignes, argueth a moderation in that creature, & the good­nesse of humours: for such hauing the like ouer­browes, are noted to be ingenious and searchers of déep secrets, as both the Phisiognomer Cocles; the learned Philemon, Conciliatore, Albertus, and others agrée in the same.

The Phisiognomer Cocles reports, that when the ouer-browes appeare thicke of hayres, and so plentifull or aboundaunt, that these (as the Phy­losopher Writeth) doe discend to the beginning [Page] of the nose, and appeare through the same whole formed together: doe then signify great adustion:

and such hauing like ouerbrowes, are melancho­licke, and of an euill nature: yea, wicked persons▪ and sometimes Théeues, rauishers of Maydens, Murderers, but deceiuers alwayes: and to bee briefe, all vices and wickednesse, are comprehen­ded and knowne in those persons. Of which, the motiue Philosopher in his Mother tongue, wrote these warning verses, which follow:

In these Verses aboue noted, doth the Phy­siognomer declare and report, that the Squint or goggle eyed persons, to be gréedie Catchers, coue­tous, dissemblers, and malfcious: and in a manner so euilly enclined, as such hauing the ouerbrowes ioyned, through the hairs thick growing betwéen: and the like may be saide of those hauing but one eye, so that the other parts are agréeing. And gene­rally these thinke all euils, if we may credite the Physiognomer.

This Goggling of the Eyes, is caused manie wayes, as Auicen writeth (tertia tertii capitu­lo 28. de strabositate) where he vttreth, that som­times the goggling of the eyes, is caused through the mollifying and loosenesse of certayne Lacer­tes, &c. and after the same manner he reporteth, that this gogling is sometimes caused thorough a drinesse, as the like hapneth in sharpe agues, &c. & this (saith the Phisiognomer) serueth aptest vn­to our purpose: in that the same corroborateth the [Page] drinesse, which is cause of the hairs, and two cau­ses also are associated, vnto the procuring of a wic­ked effect. And I neuer sawe (saith the Physiog­mer) the goggle eyed person▪ without a mightie heape of vices, full of fraudulent iniquities and contumelious: the like do affirme of the one eyed persons, hauing the other notes answearing, as aboue taught.

The auncient Rasis affirmeth, that such ha­uing much hayre on the ouer-browes, are noted full of thoughtes▪ and verie pensiue, or most com­monly sadde: and their speeche vnseemely, and grosse. So that this Text confirmeth choller adust, and Melancholy humours: and is the cause also of many thoughts, and that such mus [...] [Page 49] and bethinke great matters. A like note the Phi­siognomer diligently marked, in sundry Robbers by the high way (as aboue reported) by the saide Cocles. And such also are deflowrers of Maidens. Théeues, and Murderers for the more part, if their faces be couered with a palenesse, or wholly pale: and on sundry like formed, the Phisiogno­mer pronounced iudgement by order of Law, and death to insue: which not long after happened, to the admiration of such which knew of the same.

An example of a notable Théefe, and ingenious in stealing and robbing, who in the Physiog­nomers time, was hanged for his wicked factes: doth he heere place by the way, for the better fur­thering of such, as minde to iudge by the Art, on [Page] subiects like proportioned. This person (to come to the matter) was figured on this wise: he was of a meane stature, leane, and slender of Bodie, and proportioned in the members and partes of the same. The haires of his head blacke, curled, [...]hinne, and long: the forehead square, and in the middle éeuen, the Haires of the ouer-browes ben­ded, and thicke, and in the descending myned in the Cone of the Nose. The eyes were meane of forme, deepe standing in the head, hauing gliste­ring and fiery spots: the Cheekes somewhat bea­ring out, through the helpe and meanes of the Bones there pla [...]e [...]. The Face was long, the Nose meane, as the same pro [...]e [...]sed vnto the mouth, and Chollericke of forme, the part vnder the Nose foueated: the mouth small, the Lippes thinne, and the neather (as the same were down­ward) foldes. The Chinne extending to a sharp­nesse▪ or in a maner sharp downeward, and on the top foueated and round: the beard small and thin. The colour of the face was white, shed, or couered with a certain [...] palenesse▪ his pace in going like to the Peacockes, and that in a soft manner. His stature after Nature, was rather vpright, then stooping or crooked: yet crookedly did this person wa [...]ke by himselfe, as one musing by the way. His legges were slender, the féete small and fine, the héeles little and very flat: he went very séeme­lie, [Page 50] and noate in apparrell. The shoulder points behinde were somewhat bigge, and a little croo­ked.

The hands faire and comely, with the fingers long, and palmes long. He was a person (by re­port of the Physiognomer) of few words, yet quick of spéech: and his actions for the most part, were done with much expedition, through a passing wit, great boldnesse and courage. In as much as vnto the Physiognomy of the Planets, the Phi­siognomer affirmeth, that the blacknesse of the Haires of the head, and thinnesse of them, and cryspidnesse and quicknesse of sp [...]ech, and motion of the body, and nose pretensed and chollerick or hooked, the [...]e indicated that Marses vertue to beare sway in him: for as much as in the respect of body, he had the breast large, and shoulder points big: which together were a note of hotnesse in that person. The thinnesse of the haires, signified a drinesse to be in him. His pace musingly, or as one full of thought, with the eye-liddes drawn or gathered together, and ouer-browes ioyning, through the thicknesse of haires ouer the Cone of the Nose: the eyes hollow or déepe standing, and Peacockes pace. The eyes thus low situated, did denote a Saturnine disposition in him: and this especially, the fewnesse of wordes, and hardnesse in vttering them. The longnesse of [Page] face, with the chéekes like figured, as aboue vtte­red: the lips thin, and colour of the face wan, in­dicated to Mercuriall disposition, the forehead es­pecially square. The ouerbrowes arcuated, the lips small, the sharpnesse of chin, and the Fossils of them: the decking or eeuen dressing of the hairs, and fine apparrelling of the whole body: fine feete with the heeles small and flat, indicated a venerial disposition. The glistering eies and spotty, were by reason of the drinesse of the Animall Spirits consisting in the braine: For that the same firi­nesse and adustion procureth men (without the Grace of God) vnto thefts and robberies Saturne also increaseth drinesse in that person: of the Sun, the Moone, and Iupiter I write not, in that I re­membred not the notes agréeable, at the writing of this.

It sufficeth vs (saith the Phisiognomer) that we onely write, howe Saturne and Mars beared sway, and procured this person vnto Theftes, Venus vnto gaming: and Mercurie was in place in his geniture, which caused him to be ingenious. And heereof it succéeded, that this person had a small and thin beard. To conclude, this conceiue, that the members which possesse a cold and moyst matter, the Phisiognomer attributeth vnto the Moone: the members which inioy a hot and dry quality, he applyeth to Mars: the members which [Page 51] containe a dry and cold Nature, he applieth to Sa­turne: the hot and moyst to Iupiter: the hot and dry more temperate to the Sunne. The hot and moyst members vncompact, and not much solide and round, nor very loose, nor much erected and cleere, doth he attribute to Venus. The members long, not protenced and slender, are of Mercury. Of the Saturnine and Martiall slendernesse, doth the Phisiognomer héere omit to write, willing the Judgers in this Art, diligently to consider the Saturnine lines, both in the forehead and hand: and to learne the Phisiognomy of the Planets, before they enterprise to iudge on any subiect. In that the formes, colours, clenly decking of parts, and all other speciall members of the body, are to be fully considered and beholden: afore any mindeth to Phisiognomate on the proper indiui­duate.

The Phisiognomer Cocles héere vttereth an­other example, yet easier to be conceiued, and vn­derstood of all persons, than the other aboue taught, which is on this wise. A certaine Gouer­nour, named Valentius Caesar, the Sonne of a mightie Man when he gouerned, which was a Murtherer, a great Deceiuer, a breaker of true faith, a spoyler of Women, and a most great Ly­ar: had the eyes glistering, which signified that person to be gouerned of Mars: in the night [Page]

time he exercised reuels, banketing, and women: and this he folowed in the time of his most serious affaires: he sildome gaue eare or heard any of his subiects causes. He was a man giuen to be solita­ry, and full of thoughts and musing, sometimes prodigall, and of no [...]able Religion: he also was couetous, and fearefull, ye [...] bold in wordes, and indued with a singuler eloquence: in diuers pub­like matters to be heard▪ or in places of Justice he thr [...]atned: and this caused, thorough the disposi­o [...] of Saturne and Mars, as aboue vttered. He [Page 52] was a person hauing a most detestable wit, espe­cially about wicked businesse, which procéeded of Saturne and Mars. The colour of the skinne was wan, and had an Aquiline nose, which witnessed the disposition and nature of Mars. But at the méeting of the thrée vpper Planets in Cancer, dy­ed that mighty man aboue noted: whom some re­port, was Pope Alexander the sixt, which séemed to be an enemy in Ecclesiasticall matters (but in what maner) I cannot iustly report. To be bréefe, about the time of the death of this Pope, hapning at the great coniunction of Cancer, lost this man his gouernment, and sore vexed with a gréeuous sicknesse.

And thus aboue his stocke and kindred aduan­ced, was at that time infortunated, and throwne into Prison. This person was most vile in deeds, and bold in words, in that the Saturnine disposi­tion bare sway in him. And of this it came to passe that he was so great a dissembler, and deceiuer of many: for when he was come vnto his vttermost tyment, hee vanished as a smoake or vapour: in that Mercury of the Alchymisters, was euill fixed and congealed. But the salt Armoniacke, and the salt Alkali, were separated from the iuyces of the Hearbs.

Such which be accustomed to weare gorgious apparrell, many ornaments and Jewels, like to [Page] Women: or that he much delighted to weare and vse swéete Powders, and pleasant Pomanders: are reported to bee spiced with the disposition and nature of Venus.

Whose haires of the eye-browes are descended downeward from part of the nose, and retched vp­ward from part of the Temples: is noted vn­shamefast, and dull of wit. For the vnshamefast­nesse, proceedeth through a [...]urious hotnesse, and ouermuch mouing: and the dulnesse through the same cause: as Rasis, Palemon, Loxius▪ Ada­mantius, and sundry others aff [...]rme, and the Phi­siognomer with them.

The ouerbrowes thinne of Haires▪ and of a meane bignesse, doe insinuate a temperament, [Page 53] through the goodnesse of humours: and thorough the separating from very much adustion. And such by report of the Physiognomer, are noted ingeni­ous, and searchers of [...]éepe secrets.

That woorthy man Rasis reporteth, that the ouerbrowes long, do signify arrogancy, and vn­shamefastnesse in that creature: the cause did the Physiognomer aboue vtter.

Conciliatore writeth, that when the hayres of the ouerbrowes are streatched vnto the Tem­ples: such a person is knowne to be nasty or vn­cleanly: and of some noted to be a mocker and dis­sembler: which the Phisiognomer seemeth not to haue noted in his time.

Certaine affirme, that the ouerbrowes long, do argue such a person to be arrogant, leacherous, and verie vnshamefast: which matters truly are increased, for the most part in olde age. As the Physiognomer Cocles noted in sundry indiuidu­ates.

The Learned Auicen Writeth, (primo de Animalibus) that when the hayres of the Ouer­browes descend by incuruation or crooking, from part of the Nose, dooth signifie a sharpe, that is, a readie wit and ingenious, in wicked and detesta­ble matters or businesses. When the hayres bée stretched, and crooke to the out-side of the eye cor­ners Lachrimall: such a person (by report of the [Page] Physiognomer) is noted, to exercise iesting, and to play the ieaster, and to take great feltcity there­in, except his education otherwise contrarie the same.

The haires of the ouerbrowes, if they shall be stretched, and lye so strait as a line in length, and these long, doe demonstrate an euill, weake, and feminine minde: applied by the like, to weomen. And these manner of eye-browes (saith the Phy­siognomer) do I attribute to Venus: and such hee saw (for the more part) to be Cynedes: or els ve­ry luxurious.

The auncient Palemon Writeth, that if the haires of the forehead or browes, be stretched vn­to the middle of the Nose, and that thicke appea­ring, but vnto the partes which consist on eyther side, little: is an argument of magnimity, and of most singuler Uertue of minde, in that creature. The haires in the same place streatched straight out also, de denote such a person to be very feare­full, yet indued with deceites, if wee may credite Palemon.

Auicen (primo de animalibus) reporteth▪ that when the Ouerbrowes are streatched accor­ding to a rightline, it doth then signifie a feminine minde: he also writeth, that the hayres of the O­uerbrowes hanging downewards, do signifye an enuious person: the Ouerbrowes crooking, doe [Page 54] denote a Weake minde, and féeble of Courage. The Ouerbrowes so much crooking, that they a­peare almost ioyned to the nose, do denote a verie subtle, and an ingenuous person. Such ouerbro­wes (saith the Physiognomer) declare a studious person: and applied for that reason to the Planet Mercury.

When the ouerbrowes shall be thinne, in the diameter commensurated, & that these are large: this person (by report of the Phisiognomer) is no­ted to be of a quick & ready vnderstanding. Some write, that if the ouerbrowes bended, are ioyned together at the cane of the Nose, argueth a subtle and a studious person. If these there knit (by the agréement of all writers) do witnesse a sad person, yet not the wisest, as the Phisiognomer noted the same.

Héere the Physiognomer propoundeth a so­lemne Probleme, that may be demaunded, why the hayres of the ouerbrowes, are farre more en­sed in Olde Age, than in Youth: to the which question he maketh th [...]s answere, that séeing the generatiue vapors of the haires of the ouerbrows which are carried or sent forth, by the ioynts of the bones, and in youth are compe [...]t, and well ioy­ned thorough the tenacitie of moysture: for that cause the vapours cannot haue their frée passage foorth, seeing the penetration in them at that age, [Page] is prohibited. But the moysture of the selfe. [...] ioyned in old age, is consumed and dried: whe [...] of the bones are caused more open, and the vap [...] frée do consequently ascend, thorough which the hairs of the ouerbrows are then procured to grow long.

The haires of the ouer-browes thicke, and so long streatched out, that they séeme in a maner to shaddow the sight, denoteth in that person the ex­cesse of heat. The ouerbrowes thin of haires, and the places much fleshy, denoteth a slowe and dull capacity and coldnes ruling in the principal mem­bers, as the learned Thaddeus writeth.

The haires of the ouer-browes néere touch­ing, and in a manner ioyned togither, are noted to [Page 55] be the woorst condition of all others: in that the Browes like formed, doe argue a wicked person, full of mischiefe, vngracious workes and déeds, & giuen to wicked Arts. As the like, the learned Io­an Indagines affirmeth, that he obserued in sun­dry old Witches, brought to bee burned, hauing the like ouerbrowes.

The learned Physitian Thaddeus reporteth, that he obserued a iolly Captain, a great trauailer, a Pirate on the Sea, and a rauisher of Maydens in the Ci [...]ty of Nymburge) thrée yeares before hée was cruelly slaine of the Tartarians, who had the like ouerbrowes, with the eyes glistering, and firy spots in them, hauing also an yreful & fierce coun­tenance, and manne of colour in the face. That the forme of this person, may nearer be vnderstood and Learned of the professors of the Art, dooth conceiue this figure héere afore demonstrated liue­ly to the eye.

The haires of the ouerbrowes white (as repor­teth Ioan. Indagines) doe argue an effeminate per­son, lightly beléeuing and foolish. If the crooking of the haires declineth vnto the temples, and to the bossing out of the chéekes, denoteth him to be neg­ligent and foolish. The ouerbrwes, if they reatch out long, and appeare thicke of haires, argueth meditating, and bethinking mighty matters, as the Physiognomer reporteth.

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The Physiognomer Cocles héere placeth an other example of a certaine person that hée noted (in his time) which by reason of the ouer­much hotnesse consisting in him, was knowne to bee a foole full of words, furious, yrefull, euill tongued, and vnpatient whose positure and forme of parts is thus described. He had the head pinaple like, the voice lowd, [...]ke of spéech, and in stature [...], muscu [...]ous, Sanguine, yet tending vnto [...]. The eares were great, the forhead bearing out, [...] ­ter a round maner, the ouerbrows ioined togither and much hairy, the eies small, hollow standing, glistering, and Fie [...]y: the Nose flatte and hollow [Page 56] in the middle at the chéekes bony, and some-what flat [...]the mouth great: the lips thicke, and fo [...]lded or turned outward, the Teeth bigge, the Chinne sharpe and long, the face long, the Necke Grosse and short: small was the distaunce betwéene the heart and braine: by which appeareth, that the skill of the Anathomy, is verie necessarie in this Art.

The shoulder-points were great and eleuate [...], with a largenesse of the breast: the part afore (na­med Methaphre [...]on) was eminent and fleshy, the Hipocondria great, the legges short and muscu­lous: the armes long, grosse, or bigge, the féet Big and articulated, the héeles great, the soales of the féet hollow, a swiftnes in pace, and treading short. He bare the head (by turning hither and thither) after the manner of the Hart: ouer all the body he was most hairy, hauing a red colour in the Face: which notwithstanding was a darke fiery. In the hands he had the Cardiacke, and middle naturall line, very large seperated, and were most red, with the mensall line naked and alone: in the palme of the hands were onely three lines: with the rest of the tubercles and other lines infortunated and de­pressed: that denoted a most beluin or brutish na­ture, to consist in that person.

For as much a [...] Michael Scotus hath friuolou­sly written of the ouer-browes, for that cause doth [Page] the Physiognomer Cocles, writingly ouer-passe his sayings in his Chapter: considering they do so farre disagrée from the liuely Art. And the learned Ioannes Picus, greatly discommendeth this Sco­tus, affirming him to haue written no waightie matters of importance, but rather trifles, and of these full of superstition. Hitherto of the Ouer-browes, with the liuely examples described of the Physiognomer much furthering all such as be de­lighted in the Art: next to this doth he speak both of the vses and iudgement of the eie-lids.

[Page 57] ISydore writeth, that nature ordayned the co­uer of the eies, or eie liddes, to defende the eies from outwarde harmes: as from flyes, moths dust, strawes, and such like, that might otherwise fall into them. The eie liddes also be the couers, with which the eies are couered: and (of Isydore named) the eie liddes, in that these [...]ouer and hide the eies in saftie. For the same cause, the like is to be learned and vnderstanded of the nature, and diuersitie of the heares: as afore in the other chapter, of the ouerbroowes. Here in this chap­ter, hath the Phisiognomer diligently gathe­red togither, the sayings of the learned Concili­atore, and others, although but a fewe notes of them were to be founde.

The eie liddes, which on the eie aproched nigh the angle, in the lacrimall part, if the same be ex­céeding small and thinne: doth denote the dispo­sition of the maner, and malice of the forme. The cause of y^e smalnesse of heares, doth litle the mat­ter indicate.

The thinnesse of the heares, doth argue the sub­tilnesse of matter, that is, of the humours, and the dominion of choller. Such are knowne to be ma­licious, vicious & wicked: yet consider diligently, all the other passions of choller. When that place shalbe fleshier, like to the Kites eien, then doth the same denote craftinesse, and an euill hotnesse, and [Page]

is also a chollericke foole. For which cause (sayth the Phisiognomer) beware of the chollericke, not regenerated of the holy Ghost.

The lacrymall or inner corner of the eie, when the same is little and narrowe: doth signifie a craftie person, as Auicen reporteth, primo de Animalibus.

The vpper eie lidde bearing out, rather blowne vp: then full appearing, and somewhat declining ouer the eie: doth argue that person to be hawtie and disdainfull.

If the eie lyddes doe decline downewards, full and very thicke, especially when they be couered with a rednesse: doth indicate such a person to be a ruinous and wastefull drunkarde. The reason is, for that these signifie a weakenesse of the eies: [Page 58] and by the consequent, of the braine. So that

through such a weakenesse, the like persons feare the drinking of wine. As the same, Phisiognomer obserued and noted in many, haunting tauernes, and such ofte drinking Maulmeste: of which one, the like was a certaine Countryman of his, be­ing an excéeding quaffer and drinker of Wines.

That if the neather eye lidde shall be small, & narrow drawne togyther, in such maner, that it couereth but the whyte of the eye: doth denote the body to be gouerned of a drinesse of humours. If this like hapneth in any cause, of verie sharpe passions: vnlesse nature hath so wrought the same (as Hypocrates wytnesseth) doth then pronounce death at hande.

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The auncient Rasis reporteth, that when the h [...]ares of the eye liddes (so named of the bea­ting of them) doe crooke downewards, or be na­turally wrythed vnto one part: doe indicate such a person to be craftie, and a lyar.

Why the liddes are placed on the eyes, doth Gulielmus Nurice thus define: that by them, the condition and qualitie of the eyes, might the rea­dier and better be defended and preserued from the outwarde matters: euen as the sheath, on a sworde: for that cause, such a person which hath a grosser or thicker eie lidde, doth further sée from him: for as much as these preserue the light of the eyes, from the outwarde heate, and cold. And of this, manye beastes sée further off, than men: [Page 59] through the grossenesse or thicknesse of the Eye-lids.

The corners of the eies, when they be delated, doe then argue a sicknesse or disease of the eyes. And if these haue any flesh bearing out, do denote drunkennesse: especially when the eyes are bea­ring out, and the eye-lids be dry: as in many the like, the Phisiognomer hath obserued and noted.

The vpper eye-lids couering the neather, doe argue (by the report of Conciliatore, Albertus, and others) long life.

The corners of the Eyes dylated and large, through the cause of a smiling eye: doth indicate a letcherous person: and this note, applyed (of the Philosopher) to Venus.

The often beating or panting of the eye-lids, doth argue such a person to be fearefull, and vexed often with a frenzinesse: as Palemon, Loxius, and sundry others report.

The eye-lids thin (and in health) are best com­mended: For these declare a lawdable minde, nighest approaching to God, through an vpright behauiour.

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THe spaces betwéene the eye-browes, nere ioy­ning together: declare that person to be a nig­gard, enuious, very much desirous of beautifull things, hauing a strange fortune, and more rigo­rous then gentle in behauiour.

The spaces betwéene the eye-browes, if they be large: doth denote such a person to be of a dull capacity, yet of a great boldnesse, very trustie in néede, of a perfit and vpright friendship: these h [...] ­therto Michael Scotus, if we may credit the agrée­ment of these sayings.

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THe Phisiognomers confirme their sayinges, by the signes and notes of the eyes: in that the notes which are discerned in the eies, be figurs and vtterers of the affections of the heart.

The eye is the instrumentall member of sight, whose quality is moist, in a round forme figured, with a certaine plainnesse: and formed with seuen co [...]tes, and thrée humors, as writeth the learned Sillanus (super nono Almansoris.)

The passions of the minde, as trouble, myrth, loue, hatred, and such like: are especially declared and vttered by the eyes: after the agréement of all Writers.

The especiall colours of the eyes, are knowne to be foure: as the blacke, whitish, variable, and [Page] gray: as the worthy Canamusalis (in libro ocu­lorum, cap. tertio) reporteth, and the like Iehu­salis.

The round forme of the eyes, is better moo­uing, perfiter, and vncorruptible, through the lacking of corners: as all the learned agrée in the fame.

The cornered eyes, haue very often superflu­ous moysture standing in them: as writeth the singular Constantine, in libro oculorum.

A perfit forme and condition of the eyes, doth denote an honest person: as writeth Gulielmus Nurice, Conciliatore, Albertus, and others.

The eies big and eminent, doe argue weake­nesse, and a féeble courage: in that these be so cau­sed [Page 61] bigge, thorough the much aboundance of moi­sture of the brain: in which is coldnesse, that shed­deth along by the Members, and extinguisheth the bloud. So thrt such a Braine is more col­der and moister than it ought to bee: and in such a body should bee the lacke both of naturall bloude and courage. And as the spirit and store of bloude, procureth boldnesse in men, euen so doth the colde and moyst quallity, contrarie worke and cause fearefulnesse.

Rasis reporteth, that the Eyes béeing verie e­minent and bigge: doth argue such a creature to be fearefull, and applied to the Hare, Cunny, and Frogge.

The eyes outward extended, do denote (after the mind of Rasis) such a person to be foolish: but the eyes déep standing, doe denote such a person to be subtill, and of euil conditions, through the part of the wicked quality: yet such be of a good & sharp sight, and sée further, than the eminent eyes do in that the visible spirit is more gathered in the déepe eyes, and the séeing vertue stronger, yea, the light is receiued in greater quantity, as by experience is known in the Gunner, which minding to shoote strait, winketh with the one eye: & like the Car­penter, in the laying of his line right: Hitherto Auerroys. But through the contrary cause, such hauing the eies eminent be weake of sight, and sée [Page] nothing so farre off. The large eyes tending into a breadth of the body, like to the eyes of the Par­thians, do indicate the moisture of bodie in that creature.

Such hauing the eies eleuated, and standing hie out, do sée from them (as aboue vttered) but a lit­tle way: the cause is, that when the eye is emi­nenter, it is then further distant from the braine: which is noted the Well-spring of the Eyes. So that through the farre distance from their Spring, that is the braine▪ such eyes are hindered to sée far: where otherwise the eyes standing déepe, do sée s [...] ­ner and further, yet such are noted to be of ill con­ditions. Further, conceiue that through the Emi­nency of the eies, diuers matters visible are repre­sented: [Page 62] so that such in a short time, can iudge of matters: They are also bablers, through the moist forepart of the fore head. And thereby are noted vnshamefast and foolish: the selfsame (in a maner) doth the learned Asculanus write (in his mother tongue) in libro Cerbae, as followeth.

By which he concludeth, that such are without discretion, thorough the small discourse of vnder­standing. He also saith of these, that the eyes mo­uing fast & quick, procéeding of hotnes, argueth ire­fulnesse, luxury, and boldnesse, aplied to the Hauk and Falcon.

[Page]The slow moouing of the eyes, denoteth cold­nes, declaring sadnesse and fearfulnes in that creature. Such with the eyes moue the eye-lids toge­ther, are of a weake and féeble mind, as Palemon writeth. The eies which shut and open together, denoteth a wicked and traiterous person. If wa­ter shall stand in them, it argueth a studious per­son, & an earnest searcher of Arts, as writeth Ari­stotle, Albertus, and Phylemo.

Conciliatore writeth, when the eyes are dis­formally moued, that one while they run, and an­other while cease running (although by these as yet) no wicked fact or mischiefe bee committed or done, in cogitation notwithstanding the minde is known to be occupied with the like. And such ge­nerally the Phisiognomer noted to bee of wicked conditions: and prone to some violent, shamefull, or euill death. Yea, the Physiognomer hath often times obserued it, in many that Rob by the high­way.

Ptholomy the Phylosopher Writeth, that the eyes yellow (so that the same procéedeth of no sicknesse) doth signify such a person to be a deceyuer, and cruell, as the Phisiognomer Cocles obserued in sundry Bawds & Murderers. Further, such a colour indicateth the dominion of choler, with gret adustion: of which occasion cannot otherwise bee caused, but the dominion of malignity.

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The eyes mouing swiftly, with a sharpnesse of sight, are noted théeues vnfaithfull, & deceyuers: yea such a note hath the Phisiognomer séene ma­ny, which were after hanged.

One of these, was the sonne of M. Iulianus de Pontremulo, brought vp and trained couragious­ly from a child) vnder a valiant and politick Cap­taine, named Francesco Rouerso, on whom hee pronounced iudgment, in the year 1492. and be­fore the presence of M. Bartholomew (de S. Mari­no) [Page] a famous Chirurgian, and a most special frend of the Physiognomers. And as this Cocles had afore pronounced and iudged of the young man, euen so came it to passe (through the lack of grace) that hee was hanged, in the yeare of our Lorde, 1496.

And this Physiognomer on another, named Tadeus Guidottus, pronounced a like iudgment, which (as he reporteth) was also hangd for theft, by sentence of the law. For these are wel known to haue a subtle wit, alwaies ready and prone to euill. The like confirmeth that worthy Concilia­tore, saying, that the eyes swiftly mouing, and a­pearing sharpe of looke, are noted crafty, vnfayth­full, and théeues: as of nature these are vttered. The cause is, in that through the subtlenes of wit Theft procéedeth, and the strange deceiuing. For the subtle wit procéedeth through the subtlenes of humors, insuing of the hotnesse of complexion, as aboue vttered. And the mouing procéeds through a hotnesse: so that when the hotnesse is great, then is the switnesse intensed.

The looke fixed, is not caused but of the ouer-much and fixed thought, and of the often desire to deceiue. By which reason, for two causes are the like in such a subiect, that is, the moouing, which the intensed hotnesse signifieth: the other is, the sharpnes of wit, to the déep cogitation and thoght, [Page 64]

to worke euill. The selfsame Rasis reporteth, that those whose eies moue fast, and be sharp of look, is a deceiuer, crafty, and a théefe. Yet some may say, that Théeues are melancholy, in that Melancho­ly procéedeth of a cold and dry humour: for which cause, the contrary of this is, as afore vttred. To the same, doth the Physiognomer thus aunswer, that this is not alwayes certaine or true, in that there hath béene séene (saith Cocles) that Martiall persons were Théeues and robbers by the high­way: and that those were found chollericke and Melancholicke, as shal after appeare, in the Phy­siognomy of the Planets, & Chyromaucy (to come [Page] forth) of the nature of Mars, yet may it be, through the accidents of the minde, that these are caused Melancholy adust: the same accident did the Phi­siognomer obserue, in sundry Bawdes, common Dicers, and Robbers, which applied their mindes and wits in these.

The Wanne and yellow Colour, doth some­times indicate the complexion or quality of Chol­ler adust: yet the same tending vnto Melancho­ly. If to a Whitenesse, to which a Gréenenesse is admixed, heate insueth, which of the Physiti­ans, is properly named a leady colour, as writeth Almansore, lib. secundo capit. 1. So that this is a Swartish colour, if the same appeareth nigh vnto [Page 65] a rednesse (or a rednesse mixed to it) which demon­strateth that the grosse bloud to beare sway, euen as the quantity which approached to it, or as the rednesse which is mixed to it. This colour (by the agreement of the Physitians) is as the colour of the lungs, when the same is newly drawne foorth of a beast, that is properly named wan of colour. The same of the lunges which after the drawing forth, beginneth to putrifye, and swell vp, and a wan or leady colour appeareth in the same. Héere note, that the Phisiognomer willeth a man to be­ware and take hée [...] of the like [...]ured persons, i [...] that these are very euill and wicked: if so be these in habitude (as Cocles reporteth) be not lawda­ble or comely. Such a colour the Phisiognomer noted in sundry Cardinals, that were wicked in their déeds. Yea these of like colour he noted to be drunkards, luxurious, and practisers of false and wicked matters, without any shame: as the like of experience the Phisiognomer reporteth to haue knowne. He further writeth, that the Melancho­like adust, are leacherous vnlearned and exercise Swinish conditions: when as their heads be spe­ciall, or Pineaple like, and hauing fat chéeks. Yea when the ad [...]ion is ouermuch, then such incurie and fall into a frensinesse.

The Phisiognomer noted, yea he iudged (before the learned) sundry of a like complexion, that be­came [Page] foolish: and of these two were Students at that time, who after the increase of this Melan­choly, became foolish, according to the iudgement of the Phisiognomer.

The eyes small, do argue such a person to bée peruerse, foolish, and faint-hearted, applied of the philosopher to the Ape: the reason is, in that when the creature is hot and dry, he is then malicious of the humors and spirits: and is a betraier through the hotnesse and drines, procéeding of the cholerick adustion. For which cause, such are deceiuers and partake of the Melancholy humours: of which fearfulnes & foolishnes insueth through a drinesse. The déepenesse of the eyes procéedeth thorough a drinesse, which drieth vp the moisture of the Mus­cles [Page 66] and lygaments. Or which insueth a drawing together into the inner parts, and the braine to bee exhausted. And the paucity of the matter of the eyes, doth signifye in the moysture proportioned the dominion of drinesse and melancholy adust, or a d [...]inesse adustiue: and for this, are fearefull, and deceiuers, like to the Ape: as the same experience demonstrateth.

When the eyes are situated after length of the bodie (for that these Naturall in Mankinde, are scituated according to the bredth of the same) this is then named monstrous, that is, not agréeable to Nature: the cause of which, is the great hote­nesse, as afore sufficiently vttered. Of which a deceiuing and enuy ensueth, thorough a dayly or continuall desire vnto the exercising and commit­ting of euill facts, for the firinesse of the spirits, and dis [...]razed or disturbed braine. Of the same, Rasys vttereth, that when the eyes shall bee placed or si­tuated as into length of the bodie, it doth then de­monstrate the like creature, to bee subtile, and a deceiuer. And one like to these by the report of the Physiognomer was the Brother of Hieroni­mus Sauonarola, who in verie déed, was known to be a great▪ Seducer, and beguiler of the people: yea, a deceyuer of deceyuers, and the propper in­uention of deceite consisted in him, so that not his like was knowne or to be found in his time: this [Page] great deceiuer, as Cocles vttereth, for the more colouring and hiding of his frauds, published new Statutes and lawes for the people, in the rich Ci­ty of Florence. The Phisiognomy of whom was

thus: he had a smal head, his eyes were acording to length of the body, his nose crooked like to the Eagles bill, the lips thicke, the colour of his Face was wan adust, and the neck leaning or bending to one side: and a note of the great hotnesse of his complexion was, that hee could not endure to [Page 67] weare on his head any other vnder his Cap, then a fine and thin linnen cloth, for that the haires al­waies shed of, how thin soeuer hee went couered on the head: and balde he was (through this con­tinuall shedding of haires) which argued the Do­minion of drinesse to consist in the forepart of the head. And throughout the whole body, he was by report of the Phisiognomer most hairy: a note al­so of great adustion in that person. For which cause saith Cocles, beware and take héede of such false Prophets, or that I may aptlier name them, wicked deceiuers, thus complexioned and formed: but haue an eye specially to such, whose whol com­plexion is most adust.

Rasis reporteth (in secundo ad Almansorem) that many spottes in the eyes appearing, doe in­dicate an euill person: the rather when the Eyes shall appeare variable of colour, which signifyeth the wickeder person. For the varieties of the eyes procéede not but of a great hotnesse which eleua­teth the vapors vnto the eies: of which, how much the more the variety of the eyes is, so much the more doth the same argue an intensed hotnesse. By that reason, howe much the more diuers the spottes are, so much the more is the adustion: and by the consequent declareth the varietie of humours, and greater adustion: and this dooth manifest the adustion of the spirit: of which, the [Page] varieties of conditions procéede, and the mightie heape of vices. So that o [...] the great variety, is the honest and lawdable iudgement debased or cau­sed the worser.

The looke of the eyes like to a woman, causeth the same disposition, as of such a complexion: and is the same in conditions as the Woman, as lux­urious and inuericundious: for which cause such men of like nature be luxurious, and inuericundi­ous. Of which, Rasis reporteth, that when the looke is like to a childs, and that his whole face and eyes séeme or appeare as he smiled, this is a sight-harted person, and giuen to mirth▪ without taking care of the affaires of the world. The eies appea­ring wholy smiling, with the rest of the Face in [Page 68] like manner, be Flatterers, Luxurious, and il re­porters or slanderers. Some of this aledge a cause, and report that the mirth and length of life, to pro­céed of a good complexion: whose cause are the lau­dable humors and purenesse of them, through his agréement. So that the cause of life is hotnes and moistnesse: but of death, coldnesse and drinesse. The complexion of young men, is hot and moist, but o [...] old men cold and dry: and the Note of the same is, that such which coeate much, doe liue a short time: and the gelded after nature longer then those not gelded: and the aged men which haue much flesh, do liue longer, in that the causes of much flesh is a hotnesse and moistnes. By which reason, Children that are hot and moist, be among other ages merry, and ioy through their complexi­on: and be without cares of the minde. So that such like to children in countenance, are the like in complexion: not bethinking earnest or waightie matters.

When the eyes appeare in rednesse to the bur­ning coale, such a person is denoted to be wicked and verie obstinate: the reason is, in that the firy colour, doth indicate a most intensed Choller, by reason of the hotnesse: and hee is vicious and ob­stinate, as appeareth in the Uerses in the first place.

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Whose eyes be in colour like to the Goates eyes, is argued foolish: the reason is, that when a Crea­ture resembleth to any beast, such a person is of the like nature, complexion, and conditions as in ma­ny places afore like vttered. So that such Goates eyes do indicate foolishnesse, and great simplicity. The Phisiognomer many times looked on such a beast, and found the eyes somwhat variable, with a certaine troubled matter about the ring & sight of the eye, which declared after his iudgement, a complexion very flegmatick and watry, of which fearfulnesse and foolishnesse insueth.

The eyes, which are like to the Cowes eyes, doth portend a madnesse to succéede in that Crea­ture: seeing the eyes like to Cowes eyes in Men, do argue a like complexion▪ For the complexion of [Page 69] such a beast, is cold and moist, of which the eyes are great: so that through a coldnesse and moyst­nesse, is the slownesse and dulnesse of vnderstan­ding caused, of which a madnesse and simplicitie ensueth.

The eyes gray of colour (to the sky) dry seeming, and dimmy: such a person (willeth the Philoso­pher) that a man to eschew so nigh as he may: for that this gray colour in dry eyes, is a note of wic­ [...]ed persons. The colour of the eyes, which repre­senteth the colour of Oyle, doth witnesse a strong person. The yellowish colour of the eies, doth in­dicate a strong and stout person. The eies appea­ring much blacke of colour, is denoted to bee of a hard nature and fraudulent. The déepnesse of the eies is through a drinesse, drying the muscles and ligaments: of which ensueth a gathering into the inner partes (as afore vttered) and the braine ex­ [...]austed. The eminency of the eies representeth many obiects, of which a péeuish discourse ensueth, through a confusion of the obiects.

If the eies shall be small and prominent out, like to the Creauis eyne: doe denote the lewdnesse of conditions and foolishnesse. The reason is, in that the smalnesse of the eyes, dooth witnesse the pau­city or littlenesse of matter: but the eminencie of them, doth indicate the ouer-much moysture in the fo [...]e ventricle, where the Spirites are let­ted, [Page] and of this lacketh iudgement. The eminen­cy also of the eies, is the cause of the representing of many obiects, in so much that such a one canot discerne the congruent, from the incongruent: of which dooth the pieuish and beastly discourse en­sue, through the confusion of the obiects.

The eyes tending vpward, as the Oxe eyne, which (and with this) appeare red, and are most great: do indicate a most wicked person, lende of conditions, a Foole, a Bibber, and a Drunkard. The reason of this effect is, in that the same signi­fieth the weaknesse of braine: for as much as such a forme, procéedeth of a moyst braine. And of the weaknesse of braine, is the drunkennesse [Page 70] caused, through the vapors ascending, which togi­ther disturbe the braine. The same eleuation of the eyes, procéedeth by accidence: in that this is caused through the ouermuch hotnes, whose note is the red colour, or the red colour indicateth. For of an ouermuch hotnesse, is the disturbance (of the rationall spirit) caused: as the like we daily sée in the fiery irefulnesse of men. Such eies the Phisi­ognomer noted in the Citty of V [...]teberge, by one Nicholas a Barbier: which in a manner, was customably or daily drunke.

The eyes directed with the looke vpward, qui­uering, and with a palenesse of countenance infe­cted, do denote such a person to be of a fierce and an inhumaine wit, of an enuious nature, and some­times a murderer.

[Page]If any by nature, hath the eyes appearing tur­ned vpward: such a one of nature, is libidinous: applyed to the manner appearing in the dead Bo­dies. And in persons at the instant coating, as wri­teth Aristotle, in his Problemes. For the eleua­ting of the eyes, is by accidence, in that the same is caused, through the ouermuch hotnesse, whose note is, the rednesse of colour: of which is a trou­bling of the rationall spirit caused: as we daily sée in the intensed irefulnesse of men.

The eyes appearing retort, if they tend to the right side, do denote foolishnesse: but if these tend to the left side, then they pronounce incontinency, as the learned Palemone in his phisiognomy vt­tereth.

The extensed eyes, with the extension of the countenance, doth denote such persons to be ma­licious and wicked: the reason is, for that the same extension is procured of drinesse, and hot­nesse, through which the hot Spirit is caused e­uill.

He which hath the eies like to the Asse, is noted foolish, and dull of Nature: the reason is, in that they be of a cold and dry quality, of which the im­pression of kindes is hard to enter: so that by the same reason, such are foolish: referred after the ma­ner, to the slow Asse.

The worser eyes are they, which haue either [Page 71]

white, blacke, red, or any other coloured spottes in them: in that such a person is lesse constant, then any others: yea, so hardly to be trusted, that rather to be shunned: except grace and godly edu­cation help herein. And such a note, the Phisiog­nomer many times obserued and considered, in diuers Princes, Noble-men, and iolly Lawyers in authority. Here might a man question and de­maund, how it happeneth, that such a variety of colours, appeareth in the eyes: to which the Phi­siognomer thus aunswereth, that séeing the eyes are very cleere, and of a thinne substance, which is caused of the watry humours consisting in thē, of which the eyes are formed: For that cause, doe [Page] the visiue spirits, declare their qualities in theyr eies. That these also are of a thin substance, doth well and manifestly appeare in the m1m4w when seh hath reh [...]: in that such a one doth then t4spe a erayf and real 4lking essagl, at the be­holding of the same, with iedwbol t4spse: yea, and at that time, doe such cetinef drenlchi ylineg in the readle: if a man may credit the saying of the ancient Writers in this.

The eyes appearing as they were hidde in the head, that is, standing hollow inward, do further sée: and such a person these argue to be suspitious, malicious, of a wicked yre, and peruerse conditi­on: yet very mindfull, especially of iniuries, bold, cruell, deceitfull, a lyar, enuious, leacherous, &c. as that Michael Scotus reporteth.

The ancient Rasis vttereth, that many spottes appearing about the sight of the eyes▪ do witnesse an euill person: and the worser are those spotted eyne knowne, if they be variable of colour. The varieties of the eyes, do no otherwise procéed, then of the heat eleuating the vapours vnto the eyes: and how much the more variety there appeareth of the eyes, so much the more doth this argue the inward hotnesse to be. How much the more vari­able, or diuers in forme, the spots are so much the more and greater, is the adustion of the spirits ele­uated: of which, both the varieties of conditions, [Page 72] and the great heape of vices procéedeth. So that of the great variety, is the honest and lawdable iudgement, procured the worser of all likelihood.

Such persons which haue the eyes shining, are noted to be libidinous: and for the forme, applied of the Philosopher Aristotle, vnto the Cocke and Rauen.

The eyes in rednesse, appearing vnto the bur­ning coale: doe indicate a most wicked and obsti­nate person: and the cause is, for that the fiery co­lour, doth witnesse a most intensed choller, by rea­son of the hotnesse: as afore vttered of the Phisi­ognomer Cocles.

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He which hath meane eyes, decltning vnto the Celestiall colour (or to the colour of the sky) or vn­to a blackishnesse: such a person is noted, to be of fit vnderstanding, faithfull, and seruiceable. The conditioned eyes, the philosopher Aristotle com­mended highly vnto King Alexander. And the same seemeth the learned Auicen to vtter (primo canticorum, de varietate oculorum) which argue a temperament: if so be the eies appeare to the co­lour of Antimony: for these denote a sharpenesse and readinesse of wit.

The worthy Almanser reporteth, that those the learned name the better eies, which appeare as (betweene the blacke and variable) a meane: if with this, these are not much shining, nor that [Page 73] a rednesse, nor Cytrinesse appeareth in them: for such eies, do demonstrate a good nature, discretion and wit. The reason is, for that these are priuate and frée, from the adustion of choller, and the adust Melancholy.

The colour of the eyes celestiall, or vnto the sky, blacke, or a darke yellow, whereas no spots in any maner appeare, and are caused of moist hu­mors temperate, without any adustion: of which a spirit like to nature, is represented, yea, a readi­nesse of wit, and speculation in that creature, after the minde of Nuncius Naturae, and Concilia­tore.

The variable colour of the eyes, signifyeth that the Spirite of sight (in that creature) to be [Page] the more and clearer: and such the Phisiognomer alwayes knew, and saw to be well borne, that is, well complexioned, and that those to be Philoso­phers and searchers of Sciences, and déepe mat­ters: of which one the like, was that lerned Phi­losopher, and singular searcher of naturall and hid secrets, named Alexander Achillinus a Bononi­an. And many others Cocles noted, among whō was that Dominicus Fuscus Ariminensis, a man singulerly learned, & a witnes-bearer of the Phisi­ognomers lucubrations. And Cocles saith, he ne­uer saw any learned Lawier, but that he had the eies without any spot in them.

The worser eyes are they, which haue eyther the white, blacke, or red spots, or of any other co­lour in them, for that such a person as is aforesaid is to be misliked: yet except héerein those which be pained with the web in the eye, of which the like hath béene knowne, both honest and godly in con­uersation.

Conciliatore vttereth, that the eyes variable, bigge, and gray in colour: if these shall bee with redde spots, especially adusty, and that the same be like to a corrupt blacke: and orderly mooue with the looke to one side, denoteth a troubled minde, and vicious of fact: yet by Nature bolde and in­genious.

By the eyes (not alwaies the whole eyes) but [Page 74]

the black of them conceiue, in that it is the blacke only, which sheweth the matters that we sée.

Whose blacke of the eies be red ouer are so ire­full at times, that they quite forget what they do, when they are so possessed.

It hath bin obserued, that in the white of the eyes, where vaines appeare, are sild with bloud, & wax red, declareth that person to be yreful & hasty, as Phylemon and Rasis reporteth.

When the one sight of the eye, séemeth or ap­peareth farre greater then the other, it doth then signify by the agréement of Writers, not only an [Page] euill nature, but wicked conditions in that crea­ture.

The reddish spots in the eyes, but not very red rather more declining to a blacknes: so that to the beholders, these appeare and séeme blackish, deno­teth such a person to be of a courteous minde, iust, honest, and ingenious, by the agréement of the most Phisiognomers.

The eyes which shine (as with little spottes of brightnesse) within: do denote such to be cleanly, gracious, and well conditioned: as the Physiog­nomer of experience affirmeth.

The eyes with Spottes (appearing altogether redde) yet those not round▪ but rather foure square: and like to the Fire shining, both within and be­neath: and that the others behinde them are pale [Page 75] and others also grayish: and that the circles with­out the sight, compassing and melosing, are blou­dy: and that there is a bignesse of the eie, & that both the eye lids and apples of the [...]es do moue, do argue such a creature to be of a cruell minde a­boue all measure, a shedder of his own housholds, friends or kindreds blood: yea, deuising & atemp­ting all kinds of mischiefs, and subuerting al ma­ner of matters, with great deceit and craft. For such were the eies by report of the phisiognomer) of that most wicked tyrant, named Ezelinus de Romano.

Such small spottes appearing in the eyes, how much the redder and lesser these shall be, so much the greater yre, iniuries, and detestable euilles, they Witnesse in that creature: but the greater and Darker spottes, dooth diminish those wicked euils, yet smally take them away, or abate these in effect: as the most Metoposcopers agréeth in this.

The black or bloody spots, in the blacke or swar­test sights of the eyes, witnesseth a wicked person and a poisoner, vnlesse grace contrary this. But the pale spots, do indicate such a creature to be wi­ly, deceitfull, and somewhat inclined vnto Wic­ednesse. Héere note, that how much the colours of the spots be mightier, so much the greater are their effects. For that by their darknesse, how much the [Page]

same be (as is aforesaid) so much the lesser are the euils and mischiefes, as reporteth Rasis, Conci­liatore, P [...]ylemon, and others.

There be eies coloured like a Rainbow, which if these are dry, argueth madnesse: if most, it doth then signify magnificency and wisedom, yet with yrefulnesse and pronnesse to the venerial act. The moist eies, shining like Water, denoteth honest conditions, gentle, and friendly, as Ptholomeus Parvus reporteth.

If the sight of the eyes shall be blacke and closed with the aforesaid citrinesse: or if it appear golden in colour (as the Phisiognomers write) indicateth a f [...]ux of blood, by the neather parts.

[Page 76] Ptolomeus Paruus saith, that the eyes bigge, and the ouerbrowes long, signifieth short life, if o­ther notes agrée with this. For such a note hadde that Lodouicus de Blanchi, a Bononian of No­ble birth, which the learned Cocles pronounced to be short liued, by this and other like notes that he considered: who according to the coniecture, liued but a short time after: the like he iudged of diuers others, hauing the like notes, that ended their life in a short space after.

[Page]The person which hath the eyes long cituated, with the ouerbrowes long, such a person shall bee learned of a deepe vnderstanding and subtle: yet by the agréement of the most Physiognomers, but short liued.

He which hath the whitenesse in the eyes ten­ding vnto a blacknes, doth signifie a mighty men, and liuing by the report of the Phisiognomer) in honour: The vpper eye-lids, couering ouer the neather, as afore vttered, demonstrateth of expe­rience knowne long life.

The eyes small and round, doe argue (after the mind of the Phisiognomer) such a creature to turn willingly vnto the euill: so that the face withall, be couered with a palenesse. Hitherto Polomeus Paruus.

Whose eies shall be vehemently mouing, and a little quiuering or heating) indicateth a wicked person, in that a most inward hotnesse is declared, by reason of the spirites abounding and flowing, vnto the compasse about of the eyes. Of which the ancient Rasis reporteth, that the swiftnesse of the opening and shutting of the eies, doth signifye a hotnesse in that creature.

The Eyes quicke and readie moouing, and sharpe of looke, do indicate such a person, to bee a gréedie catcher, applied for the manner vnto the catching Hawke. That if the beating of the eye-liddes [Page 77] shal be often, doth then indicate a timerous and franticke Creature.

Whose balles of the eyes are drawne or cur­led vnto one side properly, whether doth are v­niformally, or disformally mooued, doe indicate euill condicions, and a wicked person from whom iust cause is to shunne and flye. For if these are moued vniformally, conceiue that his minde is prone vnto mischiefes and wickednesse: and that the Creature to bee polluted, with murders do­mesticall, wicked meates and marriages: as were the Gestes and marriages (by report of the aun­cient) [Page] of Thiestis, and Attrei, of Medeae and Ia­sonis, whose children were spoyled and rent into péeces, with the hands of the proper persons.

But when the eyes are one whiles turned to one side, another whiles mooued backe, and these another whiles stand still, such manner of wicked facts by them, are as yet not attempted, although in mind and cogitation occupied with the like, is the learned Conciliatour, and Ptolomeus paruus report.

The eies big veined, and dry appearing: doe argue frenzinesse present, or to come, by report of the most Phisiognomers.

The hollow eies smiling, like such determined or purposed to worke deceits, if so be the Chéekes, the ouerbrowes and lips, are mooued withall, doe then pronounce the cogitations of wicked purpo­ses and deceits: If the eye-lids especially do som­times meete, and sometimes touch together, for then doe they denote a most wicked cogitation to consist in that creature.

The auncient Auicen (primo de Animalibus) vttereth, that the eies trembling, do signifie a lightnesse, that is, an vnstablenesse of minde in that Creature.

The eyes couered with a dimnesse, doe argue such a person to bee indued with euill Artes, vn­faithfull, and vnmodest in his doings.

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The eyes contrary to the abouesaide, are best: that is to say, cleere through, and that no other signe of euill besides shall contrary the same: and such manner of eyes, doth Palemon report, that the mighty Adrian the Emperor had.

The eies cléere, of a big light, and that shine with a graynesse and bloudinesse, doe argue rash­nesse and madnesse, but if they haue a mean state, then do these signifie a good disposition of mind.

The meannesse of the eyes, betwéene the [Page] blacke, and variable, is commended: yea, among the other maners aforesaid: vnlesse they be much shining, either very cytrine in colour, or red. But spotted with blood, do argue such to bee rash, and doing their businesses, which they (purchased a­fore) spéedily.

The eies bigge and cléere, with a brightnesse shining: do indicate such a person to be iust, apt to learne, a fore-seer, and a witty admonisher or warner, and such like eyes, was the learned So­crates supposed to haue.

The eyes ouermuch standing out, redde, and small: do argue an vnruly mind and tongue, and an vnstable person in purpose.

The abouesaid Palemon reporteth, that the eies prominent or standing out, shining, trembling, & beating, and that these are small: do witnesse such to be mutable, disceitfull, and crafty.

The eyes trembling and gray, do denote such to be without shame, faith, or iustice.

The eies of a measurable bignesse (as Auicen writeth) moyst and bright: do signifie such a per­son to be of a stout courage, bethinking and atchie­uing great matters. These sometimes do indicate an irefull person, giuen to drinking or Wine, a Wrangler, a Glutton, and exceeding couetous. Of such a meane forme were the eyrs of King Alexander knowne and reported to be. And so [Page 79]

much is only said of these, which as vnto the form and standing of the eyes are reduced.

The eies smiling and most great, doe denote such a person to be a Dullard, leacherous, and not carefull or prouiding for the time comming.

The sad eies are not altogether to be feared, for that (of the moysture) these are occupied in cogita­tion: and doe denote the studies of honest Artes. That if with these, the ouer-browes and forehead be large, with a plainnesse congruent, and the eie-lids lawdable: do witnesse an honest and lawda­ble wit, gentle, and graue.

The eyes sadde and dry, and with this a roughnesse or wrinckling of the forehead, and an [Page] earnest beholding of the looke▪ and casting downe of the eye-lids: do denote such a person to be hurt­full, cruell, and leauing nothing vnattempted.

The eyes somewhat moyst, and looking dread­full: doth denote such a person to bee prone to yre, sharp, furious in talke, and in actions hasty▪ yea, rash and hastily speaking, and most wicked. But the drie eyes, doe denote vngracious and wicked conditions: when with this, these shall be descer­ned small and hollow; or denote worser then the abouesaid.

The eyes dry, and of a sadder looke: do witne [...] such a person to bee very gentle, and friendly: a [...] Palemon reporteth.

The Philosopher in Methaphorieis, vttereth, that from whose eies do hang like to water drops, are knowne to be louers of Wine, yea, they waxe balde, and referred vnto the passion: for that in such a disposition is the moysture, and féeblenesse of the braine declared: and most of the ancient, a­gree in the same.

In whom before the eyes like to drops appeare and shew out: are noted to be louers of sléepe, and referred vnto the passion, in that such do like hang (arysing from sléepe) which appeare in the eyes: as the Phisiognomer hath often obserued in many subiects.

Héere conceiue, that the blearednesse of the [Page 80] eyes is caused, through the gathering together of grosse blood: and of the melancholly humour in the eie-lids, and the thin skins compassing the eyes, ingrossing or thickning them on such wise. The like (as afore reported) are naturally sléepers, and referred in like manner vnto the passion or con­gruency. Séeing such a manner of swelling of the eies is caused, through a long sléepe after the noone meale is eaten.

For when in sléepe the meate is digested, and by the consequent some fumes are eleuated vnto the braine: those fumes or vapours then, through the coldnesse of braine ingrossed, doe discend vnto the eyes, as aboue vttered: insomuch, that by such a meanes, a swelling of the eies round about ap­peareth: after the agréement of the Phisiognomer and others.

The blearednesse of the eyes, in regarding the disposition: doe denote such a person to be a Bib­ber, and a drunkard: if this like procéedeth of no others cause. When these shall be, with a falling of the eies, do then indicate such a person to be a lo­uer of sléepe. Which also is referred vnto the passi­on, as both Albertus and Conciliatore learnedly report.

The eies bigge, doe witnesse such a Creature to bée dull in conceiuing, and slow in the proper actions: applyed for the forme vnto the Oxe. [Page] The eies small are faint har [...]ed, and feeble of cou­rage: referred vnto the apparancy and the Ape: after the mind of the Philosophers, Aristotle and Auicen.

The eyes being a meane, as betwéene the sma [...]l and bigge appearing: do signifie that person to bee well complexioned, and of honest conditions.

The meanenesse of the eies in forme, doth in­nuare both a goodnesse and purenesse of nature in that creature: after the agréement of sundry Wri­ters.

Such which haue the eyes standing hollow, are supposed to bee malicious: applyed for the forme vnto the Ape: But such which haue the eies emi­nent, are noted foolish, and applied vnto the appa­rancy.

[Page 81]The eyes standing very hollow, is woorthy no commendation at all▪ but such eyes which stande hollow, and bigge withall, are not to bée reprehen­ded.

The eyes hollow and small, argueth such to be mutable, deceitfull, a betrayer, and corrupted both with enuy and disdaine.

The eyes hollow, looking smilingly, denoteth such a person to be a bethinker of euils.

The eyes standing a little hollow, are bold and stout, applied to the Lion. But the eies somwhat more standing out, are gentle, applied vnto the Oxe.

The sight of the eyes black doth portend a slow person, and a dullard, by the report and agréement of all writers.

[Page]The sights of the eies (in whose compasse a­bout) like to little Pearles shall appeare, denoteth an enuious person, full of words, fearful and most wicked, as Rasis reporteth.

The bals and sights of the eies broad, argueth euill conditions in that creature, as writeth Pale­mon.

The bals of the eies small, indicateth euill and peruerse conditions. And in whom you shall espy the circles which ars about the sights to bee vne­quall, such are knowne and noted of experience to be fooles.

Haly Abbas (primo the oricae, capit. 24.) wil­leth a man to beware that hee bee not deceiued in the knowledge of the black colour: for, saith he, you shall sée his eies appearing with a sharp looke, and vnto the same which he shal behold, the eyes shi­ning: as these in a maner were beholden of some bright body right against: and his Woordes are knowne to be vttered in a fumbling manner, and out of course or order.

When the eyes shall be thwart appearing, and haue a sharpe Ague, it deuoteth short life, as the worthy Hypocrates vttereth in his learned booke of secrets.

If the eyes shall appeare (long open together) doth indicate foolishnesse and vnshamefastnesse, as the learned Albertus reporteth.

[Page 82]The eyes very blacke, do argue such to be fear­full, and this neuer faileth the like: yea these note such, to be gréedy of gain: for the black colour ve­ry déepe, is knowne to signifie fearefulnesse: as both the Philosopher Aristotle in M [...]thaphoricis, and the auncient Auicen (primo de Animalibus) write.

The eyes appearing palish, doth denote such a person to be prone to deceit.

The eyes not very black, but to a yellownesse declining, doe denote a good nature, and to bee strong.

The eies either white or gray, do denote such a person to be fearefull: and of the white colour, it seldome or neuer faileth the like.

The eyes black, not able in brightnesse, do ar­gue [Page] such to be euill conditioned, deceitfull, & wic­ked. The person which hath black eyes, and a lit­tle smiling withall, is denoted such a one that is greatly inclined and prone to all filthinesse.

The eyes not very gray in colour, but to a séem­ly manner, like to the colour of the Lyons eyes, do denote such a person to be of an honest nature and good mind, and for the forme applyed to the Lyon and Eagle.

The gray colour of the eyes, is heere meant to bee like vnto the colour of the Owle, or rather of the colour of the Jayes wings, which are change­able of colour.

The eyes appearing veiny, doe denote such a person to be franticke, and applyed to the Goate. And veiney be those eyes named, which be full of small and little lines alength, much like to small veines: through which, the colour of the eyes is changed. And such as be of this, are of a dimini­shing imagination, which serueth to the vnder­standing, and applyed to the shéepe.

The eyes fiery appearing, are vnshamefast: and applyed for the forme to the dog: and such also are greedy catchers, and contentious. The eyes are then named fiery, when like to fire these shine, burne, and twickle: So that the like persons kind­led with yre, sée not, or if they sée, one thing sée­meth two in their sight.

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Auerrois (in de sensu & se [...]sato) instructeth at large the causes. The especiall token of yreful­nesse, is the naturall rednesse in the veines of the eyes.

The diuers coloured eyes, doe argue such to be fearfull and applied vnto the passion: for that the like which are afraide▪ become suddenly pale, and possesse through that feare an vnequall colour.

Such hauing the eyes appearing or looking merrily, are noted to be luxurious, and applied for the forme, vnto the Cocke and Goat, or Rauen: that is, hauing the eies like to them, which chéere­fully and louingly looke on any matter: for these then shew a gladsome and merry looke.

The eies and chéeks red, doe signifie such to be louers of Wine, and Drunkards.

[Page]The eyes reddish, and drie, are stoute, coura­gious, and hasty vnto yre.

The eyes gray or troubled, doe argue such to be fearefull, and applied to the Sheepe & Goate.

The eyes meane, and lowe standing, doe de­monstrate such to be shamefast, and honest of con­ditions. The meane colour of the eyes, with the other notes orderly agréeing, doth not onely wit­nesse a goodnesse of sight [...], but a good vnderstan­ding and knowledge to consist in that creature.

The eyes standing out, and reddish, doe argue such to be libidinous, and gluttons.

The eyes standing in a manner, short or smal, and bearing a little out: doe indicate such a person to be couetous, very gréedy of gaine, and earnest­ly labouring after the same. If he also draweth [Page 84] or knitteth together the forehead, with the ouer­browes to the middle of the same: such a person is then so much the couetouser, and more desirous of gaine.

The Wolfe is a beast gréedy, irefull, wily set­ting vpon, bold, and violent. And those persons which to the kind of this beast, are applied to bee on this wise: that is to say, hauing very crooked noses, stretching downewards, the ouer-browes ioyning together, rough haired, small eyes, and shutting often, somewhat hollow standing, the head small and round, rough haired in body, long haire on the head, and fast compowned in legges: So that such proportioned after this manner (a­boue vttered) are crafty persons, wicked, ioying in the shedding of blood, and prone to yre, or soone angry. And thus the Phisiogno­mer endeth with the matter of the eyes.

THe faces of such wel borne and complexioned, are on such wise: that is, mean of composition in the Cheeks and Temples, declining vnto a fat­nesse. Such a Creature (after Phisiognomy) is iudged iust, louing, faithfull, and of a good vnder­standin [...]. Of which Ecclesiasticus xiij. reporteth, that mans heart altereth the face, either to the good or euill.

When Iacob by the face of Laban, found out the hatred towards him, he turned then vnto his Wiues, and said: I knew by the face of your Fa­ther, [Page 85] that he is no more like in friendship towards mee that he was yesterday. For euen his coun­tinance, is a silent vtterer to me of his minde, the contrary.

The gladsomnesse or myrth of the face, procée­deth of a merry heart: but the heauinesse or sad­nesse of looke, is caused of a heauy heart.

The face is often taken, and that simply, for the naturall looke of any: but the countinance signifi­eth the qualities of the mind: so that, a deformed looke is of a rare felicity: as the learned Isidorus (Ethimologiarum xi.) vttereth.

Whose face appeareth fleshy, is lightly coue­ring: and applied vnto the Oxe, as the Philoso­pher Aristotle vttereth in Methaphoricis.

Whose face by Nature appeareth red, is shame­fast and merry: but whose face appeareth pale of colour, the same by nature is knowne to be feare­full: as Aristotle reporteth.

The face appearing leane, doth argue a care­full person, and somtimes a betrayer: as the lear­ned Albertus and Conciliatore vtter.

The face séen fleshy, doth indicate such a person to be fearefull, applyed for the quality to the Hart and Asse: as Aristotle and the learned Palemon write.

The face that appeareth small, doth witnesse such a creature to be saint hear [...]ed, and fearefull: [Page] applied for the quality, vnto the Ape and Cocke: as the learned Conciliatore reporteth.

Conciliatore writeth, that whose face appea­reth big, is noted (by the agréement of other wri­ters) to be slow and sluggish in the proper actions: for the same denoteth much matter, and flegma­ticke, not regulated: applied for the quality vnto the Oxe, and sluggish Asse.

The face appearing very bony, doth witnesse such a Creature to be laborious, fearefull, and of a cold Nature, after the minde of the Phisiogno­mer.

The learned Palemon writeth, that a meane forme of the face, as neither to big, nor to small, is perfite good, and signifieth an honest person: by the agréement of Auicen, Albertus, Conciliatore, and others.

Whose face is iudged small in forme, is repor­ted to be a persō vngentle in conditions, and a nig­gard: applyed after the manner, vnto the appa­rancy knowne.

The face séene very fleshy, doth indicate a slug­gishnes of actions▪ foolishnes, and the great desire of coeating to consist in that creature: through the matter abounding of the flesh, and grosse humors, not so flegmaticke, as afore hath béene vttered: in the hotnesse there beareth sway, after the minde of the Phisiognomer. For which cause, such desire [Page 86]

vaine and impossible things, yea, the like persons by the report of Phylemon, are light of beliefe, stu­dying or exercising them in eating, drinking, and in the wanton desire of coeating. If the others cor­respondent, shalbe connexed, that is, the greatnesse of the two ventricles.

The Phylosopher Aristotle, in his Treatise of Phisiognomy (of the members) sayeth, that hée which hath a fleshy face, is indicated to be lesse sa­pient, importunate, a lyar, and a glutton.

The person which hath a slender or leane face, is noted to be circumspect in his doings, and argu­eth a subtill vnderstanding, as the Mercurians possesse and haue. That creature which hath a [Page] long face, is knowne of experience, to bee froward and iniurious.

The worthy Phylosopher Aristotle saith, that both of horses and men the same is knowne: that those whose face is wrinkled of nature, and not by accident, is begotten of féeble parents, for that the strength of the hart, whereas the same is féebled, draweth the skin together. And are denoted but weake of the principall members.

The learned Palemon, and Ptolomeus paruus write, [...]hat a leane or thin face, witnesseth such a one to be full of cares.

Rasis saith, that the face looking like vnto one drunken is lightly ouertaken with strong drinke, and p [...]ocured drunk, as the Phisiognomer repor­teth of [...]x [...]erience.

Rasis saith, that one hauing a modest & shame­fast face, is denoted to haue the like conditions, and to be gentle.

An irefull face (saith Rasis) indicateth yreful­nesse, which like hapneth to be found both in other vices and Uertues: for that the face of like Na­ture, to the like passion, is euen subiect actually to the same.

The face very rounde, argueth such an one to be foolish, but the same appearing very big, is in­dicated sluggish in the proper actions, and of a dul [...]pacity.

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A very small séene, doth argue such a one to be euill, crafty, a flatterer, a nigg [...]rd▪ and (for the most part) fearful. The reason seemeth to be) in that the exceeding smalnesse of the heade, procéedeth of the matter of the humor, and subtle spirit, with a drinesse: and thorough the euill composition, of which flattery and fearefulnesse is caused, which is a Sister of tenacity, as is aforesaid.

Conciliatore instructeth▪ that a deformed face sildome argueth good and honest conditions. Nor a wry countenance of nature, can vtter (after the opinion of Aristotle) laudable actions and condi­tions: nor such a creature) of experience knowne) is greatly fortunate. And this note sufficiently ap­peareth of the congruent apparancy.

[Page]Whose face appeareth long, is noted vnshamfast and iniurious: procéeding of a mightie hotnesse, which is the cause of the lengthning out the same, that such through this, are so inuericundians. He which hath bloowne temples, and the vaines ap­pearing great, is denoted (after Rasis) to be very yrefull and furious.

The face fleshy, if with a deformed il fauoured­nesse, indicateth such a one to be feareful and fran­ticke at times, after the opinion of Palemon, and others.

The face grosse, with big iawes, and rusticall lookes, argueth dull capacity, and rude nature, as the Phylosopher reporteth.

The face reddish of it selfe, dooth witnesse such to be rough, sturdy, and cruell. If the chéeks be on­ly red, it signified a Drunkard.

Conciliatore Writeth, that the face small, and couered with a yellow colour, it indicateth such a creature to be vicious, a deceiuer, a drunkarde, as Aristotle reporteth, that the same séemeth to de­clare. This very often hath bin experienced in the Phisiognomers time, especially in sundry Prin­ces, head Captaines of Armies, Secretaries, and Ambassadors, which (at that day) were supposed to be amongest them, both Sapient and Skill­full: that knew wittily to deceiue, and finde out a deceit.

[Page 88]Whiles Cocles remained at Rome, he there noted a most Wicked person, and lecherous with­ [...]ll, whose habitude in this place (by the way of an example) he mindeth to vtter and describe, after this manner.

Hee was verie small or short of stature, in manner like vnto a Dwarfe, whose haires on the Heade were much in quantitie, and great: espe­cially about the temples, were these séene blacke: [Page] his face and countenance appeared round and fle­shy in forme, the forehead bigge, and fleshy in like maner: the ouerbrowes great, through the much quantity of haires. The eyes bigge tending out­ward: in the corners of which, were séene manie firy spots, his looke was sturdy and wildely: the Pellicles about the eyes puffed vp: the Chéekes were fleshy, the eares found great, the nose bigge and short, in whose middle appeared a hollownes, like vnto the little Dogges of Spaine. The No­strils were séene to be large open, the mouth (in respect of the habitude) great: the lippes in forme found very thicke, and turned outward, after the manner of the Murryans: the chin discerned big and round, the colour of the whole face appeared wanne adust: the Beard found thick and black, the necke knowne to be grosse and liuely stirring: the teeth placed thicke, or thicke standing toge­ther, and appearing bigge: the vnder chin séene very fleshy: the breast formed large, with great pappes, the arms short and fleshy, the hands short and in like maner fleshy: the fingers small com­pounded, and muscled or brawned, the nailes séen short in forme, pale, blacke, and rough, the shoul­der points found very fleshy: the back (in respect of the constitution of body) very large and fleshy: the Belly found bigge to a Tonne: the Pecten [Page 89] séene very hairy and thicke, or much in quantity: the 2d1ry discerned full of apparant veines, the Flankes and Buttockes were fleshy: the Perito­neon or space betweene the Legges, bear [...]ng out­ward: the Hippes big and seene fleshy: the Legs (in respect of the personage) were slender: the feet small, and but a little brawned: the soules of the féete, were formed with an equall vpper face, or e­uennesse throughout, and fleshy: the whole perso­nage was found hot and moyst: with a swiftnesse of pace in his going: the steps treading short, and the eyes appeared protensed▪ and large open in the going: the spéech vttered very quicke: breathing strong, and thicke together: the whole body séene most hairy.

As touching the forme of this mans hand: A the Paulme (through the slatnesse of the montes) was not hollow. B The life line was stretched out long, and red in colour. C The vpper angle was separated. D The middle naturall line, was séene red and thwart in forme, and euill situated. E The mensale line was sound great, and with inordinate creasts. F The monte of Venus bearing vp full. G with the Sister of the life line, situated on the monte. H There was a triangle, no where formed in the hand. Iupiters monte not lined, and euill coloured, with the Character C. placed on the same Tubercle.

[Page]

[Page 90]And on the backe of that finger were lines séene, formed to a starre. I The Zone or girdle of Ve­nus in the proper place, appeared redde. Ki The Sunnes mount euill conditioned. L. Mercuries Tubercle, appeared obscure or darke shaddowed. The Moones place [...]. figured with such a Char­racter. M. The life line was grosse, betwéene the thombe and fore-finger. Thus was this most wicked man▪ formed in personage, and lined in the hand. So that through such a habitude, he v­sed both kinds of coe 12ngt (bus), as well with the 2l1sm as 2le1smf: and other detestable matters he exercised, not héer méet to be vttered. To con­clude, he was the most vicious person of al others, that euer the Phisiognomer vnderstood, or knew in his time.

In a man the face remaineth, but the coun­tenance doth alter: so that the continuance is na­med of the Latine word Volando, which proper­ly in English signifieth a flying or vanishing a­way.

The countinance appearing sowre, through the forme and condition of the lips, chéekes, forehead, and grinning: doth indicate such a person to bée a foole, and franticke at times: by the report of the Phisiognomer.

A chéerefull and smiling countenance séene, doth innuate such a Creature to bee giuen vnto [Page] mirth and to be libidinous after nature.

The face often sweating, and that of a light or small stirring: doth argue hotnesse, or a hot condi­tion to consist in that person. And such a Creature is knowne of experience, to be leacherous, glutto­nous, and a great féeder. Of which insueth indi­gestion, and a sicknesse to come: as the Phisiog­nomer hath sundry times noted.

The face appearing valled or dented in, and rather more leane than fat, doth innuate such a Creature to be iniurious, enuious, a lyar, conten­tious, cruell: yea, a Murderer: if the same espe­cially be annexed vnto adustion, and that the co­lour be eyther [...]anne, or yellowe appearing: as the same (the Physiognomer sundry times) hath [Page 91] obserued and knowne.

And euery countenance, when the same apea­reth ful of flesh and fat, doth denote (by the agrée­ment of most Writers) such a creature to be slug­gish, and giuen vnto pleasure and wanton acti­ons.

The face appearing verie much awrie, leane, and long, procureth after the minde o [...] the Phisi­ognomer) a very rude creature in conditions, ma­licious, and [...]nuious: and the same affirmeth ler­ned Rasis.

A sad countenance indicateth sadnes and hea­uinesse of minde in that creature: but the frow­ning looke, dooth denote such a person to be a be­thinker, and an immaginer of déepe matters: yea, wily, fearfull in actions, and indeuoreth himselfe to be crafty.

The face well proportioned, both in the forme of the flesh, colour, and in the parts connexed, doth argue a laudable life or disposition, and flowing in Uertues.

Yet many men hath the Phisiognomer Co­cles obserued and noted, which were néer vnto an infortune▪ whose looke or countenance afore, (al­though it séemed hid vnto the same time) yet their countenance after becam deformable, so that their faces were more deformable, then these to fore ap­peared: and their eies were drawne awry, that [Page]

they séemed léering, with their eie-lids gathered, and eye-browes shed downward. And the Phisi­ognomer this noted many times: and iudged the like of one named Petrus Capreolus, who fell vn­to the like estate, as Cocles prognusticated of him

The face séen hollow, from the beginning of the forhead, vnto the end of the chin, that the nose and mouth séeme placed as they were in a valley, doth inuate euil conditions, especially if the same bée [Page 92] with a wan or adust colour. For such hath the phi­siognomer known to haue bin murtherers▪ full of words, contentious, yea Pirats and Théeues.

Take héed (saith Cocles) that you be not decei­ued in the iudgement of the leprous, forasmuch as their eies are rounde, and the vaines eminent or bearing outward, and a cytrinesse of colour mixed vnto the rednesse: and such are caused to be quick of stirring, and possesseth a straitnes of the Nose­strils, with a most vehement hoarsenesse, that it causeth that person, as it were, to speake thorough the nose. The Gums also of such creatures, and the ends of their noses are known to be beaten a­way: their skin besides is caused rough, and the haires of the ouerbrowes shed away: al which by the face may partfull be knowne, as the Learned Arnoldus de villa noua, reporteth.

A small face and countenance, doth witnesse a small and base wit. The countenance formed ex­ceeding big, denoteth sluggishnes in actions, a dull capacity, and foolishnesse.

MAns face (a [...]ter the minde of the Methapos­cope [...]) is thin and very passible, and no part there is of mans body, which like expresseth the passion of the mind, as the face properly dooth. Of which the mind altered by any cause, the Metha­poscopers can readily espy and iudge. The passi­ble place also of the face, and the eyes which the Phi [...]osophers name to be the Windowes & Mes­s [...]ngers of the mind, and next to these is the fore­head. For we daily see in the place, that the vains exte [...]sed in many subiects, when such are angry, do swell in a maruellous bignes. The next passi­ble [Page 93] part, is the nose, in that the same is Cartilagi­nous (as without flesh) except the vertue of ingen­dring be mighty from the beginning of generati­on. So that this before the other partes, causeth mans face especially, to be either comely or defor­mable.

The nose stretched and retching vnto the mouth, with a decent bignes, argueth the bignesse of the Cartylage, and the multitude or much quantity of flesh, which compasseth the same Cartilage, in that the same cannot be caused, but thorough a great hotnesse. For the property of heat is to dilate and lengthen out: so that the nose, when the same is protensed or stretched vnto the mouth, doth indi­cate the complexion of the whol indiuiduate to be hot: of which both honesty and boldnesse procée­deth, and is caused in that creature.

The Nosthrils bigge and large, doe witnesse the Testicles great: and that such a person to bee leacherous, a betrayer, deceitfull, a lyer, enuious, couetous, a niggard, of a grosse wit, and somwhat fearefull, as certaine report: yet the cause of this matter, they alleadge not, as the Phisiognomer witnesseth.

Héere the Phisiognomer teporteth, that the na­ture of heate is to dilate, but of colde to shrinke, and gather together: so that thorough the large­nesse of the Nosthrilles, is the cause of the hot [Page] complexion knowne, of which the great testicles procéede, and luxury in that creature: for through the multitude of Sperme, must the receptacle of necessity be great and large, that the same may re­ceiue and containe the Sperme, or matter of the Sperme, vnto the digesting of it. Of the grose hu­mors, is the grosenesse and bignesse of members procured, and by the consequent are the Spirites grosse: so that of this grosenesse, is the rudenesse of wit caused, as the Philosopher Aristotle sayth, (in lib. 2. de part. Animalibus cap 4.) of which a tenacity and couetousnesse insueth: in so much, as such cannot (thorough the same) rightlie Dis­cerne.

The Nose doth argue the qualitie of the hart, in that a big nose, doth indicate the hotnes of the hart, and yrefulnes in that creature. And through this hotnesse (after the minde of Conciliatore) is the priuity of man inlarged and caused great, as aforesaid. Of which certaine report these Words in Latine.

By alike reason (saith the Phisiognomer) may a man argue of the womans priuy place, in these Latine words.

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The nose either big, or small: dooth argue by the like, the mans and womans [...] to be, in that the same being great, doth procéede of the grosse matter, and h [...]at intensed.

The [...] of the woman, is a note of [...]

For the [...] long, straight and slender: dooth like argue [...] to be: & econtra.

The measure of [...] is the proportion & measure of the [...] of [...] in euery one. Of which a learned sayeth, in these words: ‘Ad formam pedis, tu nosces portam mulieris.’

The smalnesse and thinnesse of the skin of [Page] r2h [...] of a [...] : is onely knowne by the condition of the [...] of the [...] in eue­ry one: for if the [...] of the [...] are [...] then do they declare the like [...] or [...] of the [...] to be, if but [...] , then likewise [...] &c.

The Nostrils are the larger parts of the nose, where the holes of breathing and smelling be séen, and by which, the humour of the Braine is pur­ged.

The Nostrilles of the Nose, doe like declare the genitours to be (if wee may credit the Physi­ognomer) for if these be bigge and large, then like are the genitours of Man, iudged to be bigge and large: but if the Nosthrilles appeare small and narrow, then like are the genitours iudged smal, &c. Of which, this rule seldome fayleth, except by accident: as eyther thorough a sicknesse, or by the often fractions with the hand: which practise (as the Phisiognomer reporteth) is more commonlie exercised of the Cynedes or effeminate personnes: which by that manner of dealing, haue greatly in­creased this Member: as hée of experience, hath knowne in many. And he also vttreth by his skill, that in many personnes, is the right hand bigger than the left: in that the same (by his reason) is more oftner vsed.

The Nose bigge and hawked to the Eagles [Page 95]

bill, doth argue such a Creature to be stowt, cruell, and greedy catching: for that this proceedeth of a great heat. And such of this are knowne to be ire­full, reuenging, and doing vnlawfull things. For this drawing together of the nose, is caused by rea­son of the hotnes: as euidently appeareth in a lea­ther skinne, throwne into the fire: which through heat of the fire, gathereth together: so that of the same such are knowne to be hot, and by the conse­quent chollericke & stout, by reason of the hotnesse bearing sway. Also these for the other part & cause, [Page] are yrefull and reuenging (as afore vttred) in that such workings procéede, of an excessiue hotnesse. Of the Aquiline nose, doth the skilfull Asculanus write (in the mother tongue) after this manner, in his booke de Cerbae.

This Philosopher Asculanus concludeth, that such are cruell, and handling or working false matters, and procure or do all things without any regard of the right or wrong, euen vnto the death, and these without humanity at al: for as much as such a Chollericke body, doth indicate a rauening mind and will.

The experience of which, the Phisiognomer had many times, especially in sundry Princes: and of these, one was an Italian King, whose fame was sufficiently divulgated, and knowne to all Italy. But here riseth a doubtfull question, worthy to bee knowne: and the same is, which the Phisiognomer Cocles graunteth vnto, that there be two chollericke Subiectes found, hauing [Page 96] both Aquiline or hawked noses: and of these, the one knowne and found to be of a Chollerick com­plexion, and the habitude Chollericke: the colour also of that Creature, seene to be Cytrine or wan adust. But the habitude of the other person, knowne to bée perfit, and of a good complexion, that is sanguine: yet the same tending vnto chol­ler.

Of the first (in aunswering vnto this doubt) I say (saith the Phisiognomer) that he is of an in­tensad malignity, by reason of the corroboration [...]rough the same Spirite, which is conioyned wholly in the Chollericke subiect, both of nature, and by accidence. By accidence (saith Cocles) I speake through the wanne colour, which signi­fieth a cold complexion, and Melancholick adust: which that colour properly causeth. As the like, the Phisiognomer Cocles obserued and noted, in a certaine Italian Prince, which altogether was a wicked person, and causer of the destruction of much people, and a sower of discord and de­bate among many. But the end of this Creature was detestable, vnto the vtter infamy both of him and his linage. But of the second and other person I say, that when the habitude is Sanguine, it is possible, that of the Chollericke, to be made or caused Sanguine, and of the San­guine Chollericke by accidence, when the ages [Page] alter these. So that a man may conclude, that when this in a Sanguine body, the same is then of a remissiue or qualified malignity. The reason is, for that the blood is a Snaffle or Bridle vnto the choller, by which the mallice of it is depressed. And one of like condition (saith the Phisiogno­mer) was that famous Chyromancer Galasius ni­grisolus Carpensis: For as much as his complexi­on was knowne to be Sanguine, and a little fleg­maticke: and very effeminate hee was▪ yet from the shoulders vpward, tending vnto the Cholle­ricke quality: so that not frée he was, from the vi­ces aboue noted. And sometimes is the same de­pressed, through the part of the complexion and composition, as afore vttered.

The Aquiline or hawked nose (after the mind of Conciliatore) seene in a body very Chollericke, that is, Cytrine or wan adust, is noted the wic­kedder conditioned: by the wordes aboue vttered of the Phisiognomer.

The Aquyline or Hawked Nose, decerned in a Sanguine Bodie, or of such a like qualitie, ten­ding vnto Choller: is of Auicen iudged not so e­uill.

The Aquiline nose in ioynt manner ioyned to the forehead, dooth indicate such a person to bée stowt, and hardy: applyed after forme vnto the Eagle. This manner of ioynting or to be ioynted [Page 97] vnto the fore-head, is vnderstoode and meant of him which hath the eminency or bearing out to­ward the forehead, and such are named to be grée­dy Catchers, of the head and drith cau [...]ed, and sig­nifieth also such to be yrefull, violent in Wrath, and chollericke.

Héer the Phisiognomer taketh in hand, to de­scribe Charles the French King, whose picture was most liuely counterfaited with colours, by a singular painter in a Table, was brought & she­wed vnto the Phisiognomer, for him dilligently to behold: which at their requests he did. Also he further learned of a religious Hermit, the whole composition of this Kings body, which was thus: He had a big head, the nose excéeding hawked and great, the lips somwhat thin the chin round, and pitted or dented in, the eyes bigge, and somwhat bearing out, the necke short, yet not sufficiently strong, the breast and backe large, the loynes and flankes sufficient great, the belly fleshy, the but­tockes reasonable large: the haunches and legges slender: yet sufficient big vnto the length: of the féet doth the Physiognomer héere nothing vtter. Thus in proportioning al the members together, the Physiognomer pronounced, that this mighty King was short liued: and that his death procee­ded by a Catheral and féeble matter, fuming from the stomacke, and like discending again from the [Page]

head to the stomacke, and of such causes answer­able, &c. Although some there bee which report, that he died of poysoning.

The Physiognomers reason of this Iudge­ment was, in that his heade, nose, and breast, &c. were bigge, and indicated the multitude of mat­ter, and the same inobedient consisting in him: thorough which the vertue ruling, could not direct the whole Bodie, for his euill composition. Of [Page 98] which is to be learned, that euery signe is a repre­senter of his proper note, forasmuch as the same slendernesse in the hippes, signified the vertue and strength of the braine, to be feeble and weake, and caused an euill quality or condition of the sinnes: & disorder of the royall members: without whose good agréement it is impossible that life could bee long in that creature.

Hée was also knowne to bée Luxurious, and the reason agréeable (is about vttered of the Phy­siognomer) which confirmeth that the norishment which ought by due nature to bee conuerted, and runne vnto the hanches and legges, was by that maner of life, otherwise conuerted into Sperme. So that this King was of like Nature and Dis­position, as aboue described of the Phisiognomer: yet the quality (as it should séeme) of lesser Ma­lice in the members, contrarie Working vnto a hotenesse of the heart: and he was wanne of Co­lour, which by accident▪ signifyed the Dominion of Coldnesse and Melancholike to consist in him. And the selfe-same (hee reporteth) that the Aqui­line or hawked nose, did somwhat depresse. But the eminencie or bearing out of the eyes, signi­fied, that the fore ventricle of the braine, was Flegmaticke: which to conclude, fortified (as he saieth) the shortnesse of life: and according as the Phisiognomer had iudged on this King, euen [Page] it fell out, who raigned but a short time after.

The French King, that raigned in the Phisi­ognomers time, for his euill habitude and compo­sition of body, liued and raigned bur a while, ac­cording as the Phisiognomer had before pronoun­ced at the sight of his picture brought vnto him,

earnestly to view and behold it: the personage or counterfaite of whom, was thus described: he had the head somewhat sharpe in composition, the for­head [Page 99] narrow, the eyes appearing bigge and emi­nent: the face shewed leane, the haires of the head séemed of nature short: the Nosthrils appearing large and bearing vp, the lips shewed thicke, but the chin appeared sharpe, the necke short and slen­der formed: the shoulders shewed leane and nar­row: the armes and hands were discerned slender and long in forme: the epiglotis eminent, the [...]ur­cle of the breast appeared narrow, and the breast like narrow in forme: the stature of this King, ap­peared rather crooked or stooping, then vpright: the body of this Creature, was founde Chollericke: the moouing of the eyes descerned, and knowne to be swift and rolled or turned vpwardes in the motion: the legges (to be briefe) wer séene slender in composition. As touching the lawdable praises of this King, the Physiognomer found not anie iustly to report: in that his vices were so knowne vnto many, and divulgated (in a manner) euerie where.

But in returning vnto the purpose, there was another Aquiline nose, which could not so wel put in practise, or exercise his gouerment, as the other aboue vttered, whose name was Codrus (a man knowne) to be a singuler learned Poet in the La­tine tongue, and had the fame and seigniority for the Gréeke tongue, whose corporature and perso­nage was thus: he hadde the head congruent for­med, [Page]

the forhead plaine, & meane of bignesse: the eyes s [...]ood sufficient hollow, being gray of colour, not shining or glistering: the nose formed like vn­to the Eagles bil the face found long, the lippes of r [...]asonable big [...]s, [...]ut somwhat thin, the chin dent [...]d in, the necke found long, the Epyglottis emi­nent, the shoulders large, & bearing out: the breast and hanches slender and narrow: the thighs and shanks small, yet agreeable vnto the other parts, [Page 100] of the body, the heeles found flat, the féete were long and slender.

Of which notes, Almansor secundus vttreth, that the sharpenesse of the nose, the long neck, the voice sharpe or small, and the comlinesse of com­plexion, demonstrated togither a drynesse in that creature, thorough the part of the chollericke qua­lity. But his composition of bodie, was founde small: and the place of the Stomacke, descerned narrow: his digestion also of meate, was known to be both weake and small, through the litle and narrow stomack: his heart was found to be colde through the length of his necke: hée was besides couetous and fearefull, which is contrarie vnto magnanimitie or boldnesse: in that the same pro­céedeth of a hot quality. Yet hadde this person a ready wit, through the comely forme of the head, forasmuch as the knitting and conioyning of the spirits was lawdable, by which, the descent Organe aptly serued vnto reason: especially, for the eminencie of the fore-heade in breadth: But the breast, the Ribbes, the Héeles, and the necke, were founde all effeminate, which (as aboue vt­tered) bée contrarie vnto magnanimitie: the A­quiline or hawked Nose indicated (as the Phisi­ognomer reporteth) his Couetousnesse: that so mightily (by his report) bare sway in him. Thus saith he, a man must proportionate all the Mem­bers [Page] togither: for otherwise it shall be in vaine, to iudge or pronounce any matter at all (after the minde of the Phisiognomer) on any subiect.

The nose séene flat▪ doth signifie such a person to be luxurious, hasty in wrath, and faint-harted: for the dominion of the moysture, and Flegme in that creature, as the learned Conciliatore repor­teth.

Héere conceiue (saith the Phisiognomer Co­cles) [Page 101] that when the nose appeareth flat, then is a hotnesse and moysture indicated in that person: for as much as the hotnes of the Aqualine or hau­ked nose, is caused with a drynesse. So that the flat noses are procured through a hotnesse & moy­sture, in that the moysture causeth the inlarging of the nose: of which, such are knowne hot and moyst, that properly cause the luxury in them.

When any report such persons, that they are hasty in wrath, the same procéedeth (as the Phi­siognomer reporteth) of an ouer-much hotnesse: and the inflamation of spirits mooued and procu­red, through the aboundance of matter: and of that inflamation (by the report of Cocles) is the yrefulnesse caused in such. Another cause, shall héere be vttered, in that the inflamation of the spi­rit, cannot soone or spéedily be cooled, through the narrow passage: as shal appeare in the matter fol­lowing.

Of which, the singuler Philosopher Ascula­nus, in the mother tongue, wrote these worthy verses following.

The person which hath a short Nose, and the same flat: is iudged (after the mind of the Phisi­ognomer) to be lasciuious: and as some write, to be a Théefe.

The nose séene short, the mouth formed small, and the téeth found short and big: do denote (after the mind of the worthy Conciliatore) a moist and cold complexion.

The sharpenesse of the Nose séene, the Necke found long, the voyce heard small and comly: are apparant notes of a temperate chollericke quality: as the learned Rasis, the worthy Albertus, Ptho­lomeus paruus, and other report, and Cocles with them.

Here conceiue, that the nose formed broade in the middle, and appearing bended vnto the toppe, doth indicate such a Creature to be full of wordes, a lyar, and irefull. The reason is, in that the same [...]leuation or rising of the nose, and hollownesse vnto the middle: is procured of the Chollericke quality, and paueity of the Cartylage: For as much as choller hath consumed that persons heat, and caused a drawing together of the skin in that [Page 102]

part, as aboue vttered (of the Aqualine Nose) so that the parts, which shall not be impouerished or lessened (by the same) of flesh: is because the fleshy part hath a viscous and clammy moisture, thorow which the same is not so soone and lightly resolued. The cause of the irefulnesse in that Creature, pro­céedeth of choller, and through the passages hind­dred, as shall appeare in the proper place.

The Phisiognomer Cocles reporteth, that hée hath many times noted of experience in infinite subiects: and in all his life time, he neuer saw any which were not possessed with a heape of vices, especially for lying, or for their imagining lyes: and this caused by the Chollericknesse consisting [Page] in them: for which cause, this Cocles willeth a man to take héed of the fellowship of such, as of all which (saith he) experience in short time, will in­struct thée perfit.

The nose formed sharpe of the end, doth indi­cate such a person to bee a lyar, contentions, and yrefull: the reason is (as the Phisiognomer repor­teth) in that such are of a chollerick quality, for as much as the leannesse and sharpenesse of the nose, doth for the most part happen through the aboun­dance of choller. The same end also, hath narrow passages, in which the ayre cannot passe to coole the heart: so that of this, it long remaineth infla­med, which is the cause of contending and quar­relling in that person.

[Page 103]The like Creature (by report of the Phisiogno­mer) was that Antonius, a learned scribe and no­tary: yea▪ he noted many other Countrey-men of his to be like: among the number of which, Cocles obserued and knew a iolly Fellow of the like Na­ture, named Vandinus de Fauentia, which was a betrayer of his courteous Lorde, and a principall aider, Son vnto the Noble Astorgius Fauentia: by whose meanes, and other mighty deceiuers a­bout him, was this gentle Lorde by commaunde­ment, conueyed vnto the prison in Rome, and shut vppe as close prisoner in that strong Castle, named Sa [...]cti Angeli: where not many monthes abiding, was lamentably murdred of a most cru­ell Bastard, by a headlong fall, as the Phisiogno­mer learned and vnderstood: which wicked Crea­ture after the fact committed, miserably pined a­way, euen like an Image of Waxe, standing in the hottest Sunne.

When the Nose shall be meanely small, a lit­tle dry vpward, and at the end raised vp, and the neather part or end turned again vpward: or that his cleft be procéeded from beneath, vnto the part turned vpward, toward the Cone of the Nose: doth then indicate luxury, or such an abuse of the bodie, not héere decent to be vttered: as the lear­ned Conciliatore in his Rubrick of Phisiognomy reporteth.

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The like of this the Phisiognomer Cocles ob­serued and noted sundry times, especially in one of the Senate-house of the Noble Citty of Bono­nie: which for reuerence vnto the noble-house and honesty sake, he refuseth to name. The cause is, for as much as such are of a moist and sanguine quality, tending vnto choller: and these vniuer­sally (by report of the Phisiognomer) are luxuri­ous, in both the kinds, euen as the same through the pricking forward of choller, which daily infla­meth the blood.

And the regitiue Nature of the whole body, mooueth or stirreth forward the expulsiue vertue, vnto the sending forth of the noious matter super­fluous, and expelleth the same vnto the congruen­ter [Page 104] places, by the apt passages: and sendeth the same forth vnto the 2rd1y, in that it is the cause of the erection of it. So that such helpe forward themselues, by a proper industry, not decent (for honesty sake) to be he vttered, when as the desi­red subiect is not at hand. And the apparant notes of these persons are, that such haue the nose bigge and blunt, especially at the end: and the Nostrils wide and large, through the grossenesse of bignesse of the nose.

The singuler Aristotle (in Methraphoricis) vt­tereth, that such hauing the nose bigge at the end, are of an earnest and ready minde, vnto the con­cupiscence of the desired act: such also are known to bée base, and of no reputation, applyed for the [Page] forme vnto the Oxe: in that such especially in the venereall act, are so prone and easily mooued, that they couet in minde what person soeuer they sée, which especially in knowne to be true: for the ac­tiue coeating as with Women: for such after the sight of women, séeme in a manner to mourn vnto themselues, as the Bull doth after the Cow: and such (Asculanus reporteth) are irefull.

Rasis vttereth these words, that whose Nostrils are found to be large, is argued to be a person lux­urious.

Such which haue the nose formed big and brode, are vnsensible, vnshamefast, vnapt to learne, and sluggish, applied after the forme vnto the Sowe, hauing the like nose. The reason of this is, for as much as such hauing the nose grosser or bigger at the end then in any other part, and that large, are inuericundious, vnapt to learne, and vnsensible: that is, rude: for which cause, such are applied to the Sow, hauing the like nose, and the like condi­tions in a manner.

The nose sharpe at the end, doth denote such a person to be irefull, applied vnto the dog: as Con­ciliatore reporteth.

He which hath a maruellous short Nose, doth argue such a person to be an accuser, and a picke­thanke, as the skilfull Philemon and Palemon report.

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The nose formed sharp at the end, and the same thin, yet vpward foward the forehead more grosse: dooth denote (of experience knowne) that such a person hardly to remit his ire: applied for the kind (after the mind of Conciliatore) vnto the irefull Dogge.

The Nose formed blunt at the end, and round withall, doth indicate such a Creature to be stout of courage: applied of the Philosopher Aristotle for the kind, vnto the hardy Lyon. The same note by relation, sufficiently appeareth to most men at this day.

The end of the Nose séene small and sharpe, like to the forme of the Birdes decke or bill, and generally long: dooth declare such a person to bée [Page] hasty, foolish, and like stirring to and fro: as the learned Rasis reporteth, and of him compared vn­to the birde. And the same like, doth the long and thin nose signifie.

The nose very retort, or the same turning back or vpward, doth (for the most part) denote, the like peruerse minde and conditions, to consist in that creature.

The Nose formed from the forehead vnto the mouth along crooking, and hard or verie stiffe: doth denote such a person to be vnshamefast, appli­ed for the forme (of Aristotle) vnto the Rauen. And such were knowne naturally to be Théeues, as Gulielmus Nurice reporteth.

The like vttereth the Phisiognomer, that such [Page 106] a person is knowne many times to be a théefe, and by the consequent vnshamefast: forasmuch as this exposition is aptly agréeing: and it appeareth like by the relation which he here vttereth, in that such (after the forme) are applied vnto the Rauen. For the Rauen is well knowne to bee a wily and de­ceitfull Bird, purchasing many things by stealth; and hiding those in priuy places.

The nose found rising, and copping vp toward the forehead, like to the Eagles bea [...]e: are noted to be stout, bolde, and gréedy of catchers: applyed of Aristotle (after the kind) vnto the Eagle: and as the same in many, hath of the Phisiognomer béene diligently noted.

The nose appearing hollow, with the forehead formed round and eminent vpward, doth indicate such a person to bee luxurious: applied after the kind, vnto the Cocke: and this nose sufficientlie appeareth by the relation.

The Nose formed great, yet in a com [...]ly man­ner throughout: dooth argue such a person to bée honest and gentle conditioned, after the minde of Concilia ore.

The nose great, and at the end appearing with an vnséemely bignesse: d [...]oth the like declare (as aboue vttered) that such a person to be vnsensible, vnapt to learne, &c. applied for the forme vnto the Sow.

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The Nose séene in the vpper part depressed, or flat formed: doth argue the féeblenesse of courage, and foolishnesse in that Creature: and this besides is a note of womanly lightnesse to consist in him, after Rasis.

The Nose on such wise formed, that the same from the forehead immediatly crooketh: such a per­son (after the mind of learned Plato, Albertus, & Conciliatore) is iudged impudent, and a priuie filcher: applyed for the forme, vnto the subtill Rauen.

The nose in comly form crooking, doth indicate an honest minde and singuler wit: as the worthy Conciliatore reporteth in his Rubricke of Phisi­ognomy, and Cocles the like.

[Page 107]Here conceiue (saith the Phisiognomer) that the declining of the Nose on the laterall partes of man: as if vnto one side onely of the position, it shall decline: dooth denote a hurt to happen from the Girdle-stéed, vnto the lowest part. But if the Nose downeward shall bee deuided on either side of the position: doth then indicate a sicknesse, or a stripe to happen: and this either of the Primitiue or Antecedent cause.

The Nose at the end formed somewhat flat: doth declare such a person to be bold and liberall: applyed for the forme vnto the Lyon.

The Nose appearing redde, with the roote and hole within, and bréedeth drawing vnto a swel­ling, like to the Strawberry: dooth argue such a person to be a great Drinker of Wine, and often drunke: and such for the most part are moyst of quality, and luxurious: especiallie if such a note be found in Bodies of a small stature: and this was a practise first found by the Phisiognomer Cocles.

The Nosethrilles formed wide, doe denote such a Creature to be irefull: and this note pro­céedeth of the ouermuch hotnesse of the Heart: for how much the more open and wide these are, so much the greater ire these signifie. The singuler Conciliatore (in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy) reporteth, that such hauing the nosethrils stopped, [Page]

are noted foolish, and of a small vnderstanding.

The nostrils (after nature) thinne, and very large open▪ do denote after the mind of the Phisi­ognomer) such a person to be irefull cruell, and of a disoainfull mind.

The nostrils formed thin, and long retching, are by nature néere vnto Birds: but the same pro­portionally agréeing vnto men, is a note of light­nesse, and an vnstablenesse of mind, as Concilia­tore learnedly vttereth.

The nostrils appearing thinne and sharpe, do witnesse such a person (after the mind of the Phi­siognomer) to be full of complaints.

The part of the nostrils ioyning vnto the fore­head, if from the forehead extending, the same bée with a comely composition, and that well ioyning [Page 108] together: in such manner, as this be neyther too high nor to low fixed of nature: but euen direct (as a line or creast (discendeth: doth then indicate (by the report of the Phisiognomer) a manly note and courage in that creature, yea constancy and wise­dome, applyed of Aristotle for the forme, vnto the hardy Lyon. But if the part of the nostrils be lo­wer or flatter, and that déeper then the abouesaid, doth argue the vndiscréetenesse of mind, & weake­nesse of strength and courage: séeing the same is knowne to be the note of a femine lightnesse.

If the nosethrilles in the toppe directly cleua­ted, extene whole: doe indicate an euill gouern­ment and distemperaunce [...] that Creature. [Page] And such are those, which in the inward end of the gristle be raised vp vnto the creast, and doe to discend to the Nose: which when these bee dire [...], do (after the opinion of the Phisiognomer) procure the disorder of the tongue, in the vttring of spéech, and sounding worde.

The greater and wider Nostrils simply, are (of all the Metopo [...]copers) better allowed & com­mended, then the lesser forme of them.

The lesser Nostrils, by the agréement of Pla [...]o, Philemon▪ and Ptolomeus paruus, are naturally ascribed vnto seruile wits, ouerthwarters, wran­glers, and to theeues.

The Nostri [...]s formed large open, doe witnesse such a creature to be giuen to mirth, and strong in the composition of body.

The Nostrils seen very narrow, round formed, and as they were confusedly shut together: doe witnesse (after the opinion of the learned Conci­liatore in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy) foolish­nesse, and vnaptnesse to learn, and the feeblenesse of courage in that creature.

The auncient Rasis and Al [...]rtus report, that the largenesse of the nostrils, and the much quan­tity of flesh on the Jawes, and the little quantitie of baires on the chéekes, doe signifie a moist com­plexion.

The Nostthrilles appearing very blunt, doe [Page 109] argue such a person to be foolish: but the Nostrils ioyned small, indicateth a peruerse mind, and pee­uish conditions.

The haires growing within the Nosthrils, if these be many, thicke growing, and big apearing, argueth vnstablenesse of minde, and a grosse wit, as Conciliatore reports, and the Phisiognomer Cocles affirmeth the same by experience.

If the haires within the Nosthrils, are fonnde few and soft, do witnesse after the mind of the phi­siognomer, a ready wit, apt to learne, and honest conditioned.

[Page]THe eares declare the temperament and pro­portion of the principall members, and especi­ally the brain, which experience certifieth vs. For that the braine doth sometimes send forth a noy­some matter behinde the eares, of which there is ingendred and caused many times an impostu [...] and the same according to the diuersity of the hu­mours. Of which▪ the Physitians name these, the clensing places of the members, and super [...]t [...] ­ties.

The ears great, are ingendred and caused [...] rough the multitude of matter, in the beginning of generation, of the strong vertue. And all such in a manner which haue great eares (as the Phy­siognomer hath noted) are knowne to haue a short necke, and head sufficient comely, and are San­guine: and such for the more part tending vnto choller, or vnto grosse bloud somwhat adust. Such also are vnpatient, and lightly angry. For which cause, the Philosopher reporteth, that such are foo­lish (this being excepted) that they are of a good mind and intention, that is▪ [...]ter the departure of the inflamation and kindl [...] about the heart, forasmuch as this declareth [...] hotnes of the heart, through the vains and arteries as in the Anatho­my may well be discerned. And s [...]ch are of a good memory, in that they haue a [...]emely necke, being [Page 110] an expresser of the braine, and demonstrating a good disposition: and perhaps through the cholle­ricke quality, is the retention of kinds, and tho­rough the quality of the sinnewes, which are of a dry nature. After the quailing and abating of in­iuries, such are of a good intention, in that these cause a good discourse, and noted to be long liued, forasmuch as in them is a good proportiō between the heat and moisture. And such a person which possesseth a mean, is moderate in his actions. The selfesame is confirmed of the Philosopher, in lib. 1. Animalium, cap. 11. where he reporteth, that those which are most apt and ready in hearing, be well nurtered and conditioned. Such (saith hée) haue a note of the best manners, which possesse meane eares.

[Page]The eares great, and directed aboue measure, are notes of foolishnesse, or that such to bee Bab­lers: as Aristotle the Phylosopher saith. The selfe-same reporteth Auicen pri. de Anamalibus: that when the first pulpe, that is, of the eares, is ioyned with the flesh of the iaw, signifieth a foolish vaine person.

The Philosopher saith, in Methaphoricis, that such as haue small eares, like to an Ape: haue (of that reason) Apish conditions. Such as haue big eares, are noted to be dullards, applied to the Asse. If any person shall haue eares formed like a dogs, they are noted to haue the best, & to be in a meane manner. Hitherto Auicen. So that such hauing the eares ouer small, are noted Apish, that is, Apish conditions, wher one may sée, that malignity and deceit to haue dominion in them.

Such as haue the eares ouer-great in respect of the body, argueth foolishnesse, and dull of vnder­standing, as Aristotle reporteth, primo de Ani­malibus.

Such hauing the eares meane in quantity, is a good note, for that the same proueth by the simili­tude, of the disposition in good Dogs.

Rasis reports, that whose eares are bigge, is a foole, yet long liued after nature: the eares erected vp, and very great: indicateth the multitude of matter, and the same inobedient as to the due [Page 111] forme: and the Dominion of drinesse indicated, which is the onely cause of the erection or standing vpright.

The eares flexible or bending, demonstrateth the proportirn of heat and moisture: and the moi­sture is cause of the bending, as appeareth in a skin and wood, which when they are crooked or winded inward, are moist, otherwise if they bee drie, their parts are broken. Euen so, Ptholomy the Phylo­sopher reporteth, that the eares great and bended downward, do denote riches.

When the eares are very small, the paucitie of matter, and weake vertue of the braine is sig­nified: [Page] and the Chollericke matter argued: of which the subtle spirits caused: so that such haue a wit or be ingenious in euill Workes, and are Theeues, Foolish, and so couetous, that they desire all things. And thorough that coueting, such are luxurious, and vnderstood perhaps of the immode­rate appetites, and not of the power or force of the matter.

The learned Palemon vttereth, that when the eares shall be prominient and verie great, foolish­nesse and garrulitie is signified in that creature: and such are knowne to be couetous. But the eares which are as they were cut, and very shorte and parted, dooth Loxius report, to attempt and commit a deceit.

The eares formed semicircularly, and creastes connexed, in the middle somewhat flat toward the Centre, and of a meane bignesse, which decently stand to the head, do witnesse a goodnes of nature. But the eares that are ouer-round, signifye such a person to bée vnap [...] to learne. The eares long and narrowe, are reported to bee the notes of en­uie.

The eares lying or standing close with the head, are reported to signifie dulnesse and slug­gishnes▪ as Albertus saith: the reason and cause of the signification, is for that the Vertue forma­tiue, when the Organes are directly formed: or [Page 112] that the Instrument of heate, and the kind quai­leth or wanteth, causeth that the mallice of the matter doth so inlarge the eares out of measure, or through the drinesse or scarsity of the same, causeth them to draw together, and be narrow, in respect of the due proportion: and of this cannot gouerne the workes of the spirit: but that the eares like in­ [...]ue, according to the plenty and scarsity of mat­ter, forasmuch as they thus procéede of the indiu [...] ­ [...]ions of nature. These hitherto Albertus. I (saith the Physiognomer) haue noted many olde men, and found them to haue great eares, and not smal in that age.

So that the small eares (after the agréement of most Writers) do denote short life: in this a­gr [...]th Ptholomy the Phylosopher, where hee re­porteth, that the eares small, bee a note of shor [...]e [...]: and if the eares be hayry, doe indicate long life. The reason is, that the smalnesse vttereth the paucity of matter: and when these be hairy, do denote the matter to be sufficient strong in vertue to heate the braine with a lawdable heating, in that the haires are caused through the vapours e­leuated of the hotnesse of the heart, and all the o­ther members.

The eares hairie, doe pronounce a good and ready hearing, which is a note of the kinde and heate: and for that cause, I report the same. But [Page] the eares perhaps of some man are ouer-great, and of some small, of some meane, of some stan­ding farre off from the head, of some contrary­wise lesse flat to the head, some being of a meane

disposition: so that among these two, a meane of all the kinds which hitherto hath been vttered, do signifie a goodnesse of nature.

Some report that the eares grisly▪ doth indicate such a person to be of a Melancholike quality. But the ears great, denoteth the dominion of the Me­lancholy humour: as the like appeareth in the Hare and Asse, which haue great eares, and are foolish. So that such hauing the like eares, are of a like nature: and the Melancholy humors doe not [Page 113] repugne vnto the length of life.

Conciliatore saith, that the forme of the eares, denoting the temperament and goodnesse of Na­ture, consisteth alwayes of a semicirculare forme, and in figure of a meane greatnesse: & the creasts or lines connexed, in the middle somewhat flat to­ward the Centre, and standing séemly to the head. For the contrary positure of the eares, denoteth a contrary to the abouesaide.

The ears maruellous great, and standing out, witnesseth foolishnes, garrulity, and imprudencie. Ptholomy the Phylosopher saith, that those which haue thin and dry eares, shall neuer possesse the wealth of the world, and it signifieth a very chol­lericke complexion: of which, the exhaust intenti­on procéedeth in the congruent workings, and ar­gueth a most great vnstability in that person. The selfesame Ptolomy vttreth, that the person which hath equinas aures, morietur dominus vel prin­ceps.

Conciliatore saith, that the eares small, deno­teth malignity in that creature. The eares ouer round, to be vnapt to learne. The cares long, ar­gueth that person to be enuious. The broad eares fixed in a right maner with the head, indicateth slownesse.

The haires which are within the eares, if they be many, thick, and long, argueth an ernest mind [Page] in the desire of the actuall lust of the body.

THe bals of the chéeks are the parts bering out vnder the eyes: and these are also named the chéeke bones, as writeth Gulielmus Nurice.

The iawes are the partes of the chéekes, out of which the haires of the beard do grow, as writeth Isidore, in lib. 11▪ cap. primo.

The chéeke bones are often taken and named of the Phisiognomers, for the Jawbones: and like the worthy Constantine and Conciliatore defi­neth them,

[Page 114]The Cheek bones after Constantine and Gu­lielmus Nurice, especially declareth the complexi­on or quality of mankind.

The cheeks appearing redde, yet mixed with a tempted whitenes, and in substance not formed ouer gr [...]sse or fat, do indicate a hot and moist qua­lity and temperament of the same, as Gulielmus Nurice, Phylemon, and others report.

If the cheekes shal be white in colour, without any rednesse mixed, doe signifye an excesse of the quality, especially of fleagme, in that creature, as Gulielmus Nurice, Conciliatore, & Cocles report

If the Cheekes in substaunce seeme leane and thinne, and eyther Swartish or Cytrine in co­lour: doth demonstrate a hot and dry complexi­on [Page] in that person, or the dominion of an ouermuch drinesse and heat, as appeareth in the chollericke.

If the chéekes shal appear as if they were wan in colour, and formed thin in substaunce, or séeme leane of flesh, it indicateth the excesse of drynesse and coldnes to consist in such an one, as the like a­peareth in the Melancholike. So that the chéekes (after the agréement of Authors) are euident vt­terers of the affections of the mind, and notify his quality: for according to the affections of the mind procéeding or caused either of a sodaine feare, or so­daine ioy, dooth the chéekes sodainly becom pale: or otherwise appeare red. These hitherto Con­stantine.

The Phisiognomer Cocles reports, that when age commeth hastily on age, that such a personne séemeth olde before the naturall time, then is the same a most speciall note of the shortnesse of Life, which in the face is apparantly discerned. But this rule hath his most effectuous iudgment both in children and sicknesses, especially in that which the Phisitians name the Ethicke or consumption of age, a sicknes that spéedily hastneth death.

Rasis reporteth, that whose flesh of the chéeks appeareth grosse, and thick compact, is noted to be of a grose nature. Conciliatore sayeth, that the chéekes formed grose and thicke of flesh, doth de­note sluggishnes in that creature, and to bée an [Page 115]

excessiue drinker of strong Wines: but some re­port violence, or a wicked will in that personne. Which argument of others, is rather to be alow­ed then iudged, by the agréement of the most Phi­siognomers.

The chéeks formed ouer thin of flesh, argueth malignity and wicked conditions, as both Pale­mon and Ptolomeus Paruus write.

[Page]The bals of the chéeks soft and long in forme, de­noteth such a person to be a most importunate tal­ker.

The bals of the chéeks formed somwhat long, declareth such a one to bee a trifler, and a teller of vaine matters and newes.

The chéekes are so named of the Physiogno­mer, for that the téeth and hairs are naturally in­gendered.

Cocles affirmeth, that the chéekes or Jawe­bones, are eminent from the vpper partes of the mouth, with a length of the chéeke bones through the part of composition: and such (of obseruation) are knowne to be malicious, especially in vnlaw­full and incongruent matters: and these are ap­plied for the part of the Jawes, vnto the Oxe and dull Asse.

But if the Jawes shall be formed short, with such an eminency or bearing out from the vpper part of the mouth, it indicateth maliciousnesse an euill reporter, violent in actions, and enuious, this especially is verified, when there shall lack the sub­stance of flesh, or the same appeare but thin. Thus far the skilful Cocles.

The Philosopher Aristotle, said vnto K. Alex­ander, that the chéekes formed full, with the tem­ples appearing blowne, denoteth such a person to be contentious, hasty in words, and very yrefull: [Page 116]

the selfesame reporteth Conciliatore, in his Ru­bricke of Physiognomy.

The chéekes so small scituated, that from the eies these séeme parted off, do argue the fulnes of humours: and that the same creature (after the mind of the Physiognomers) to bee grieued with the burthen of them.

The roundnesse of the chéekes formed after nature, indicateth enuy, and of deceitfull conditi­ons.

The full or rather fat chéekes, are significati­ons for the most part, of a sluggarde and Drun­kard, if wee may credite the ancient Physiogno­mers.

[Page]The chéekes discerned soft, and ill fashioned, do argue such a person (after the common prouerbe) to be long tongued, importunate, and talkatiue: and this the Phisiognomer Cocles hath knowne by experience.

The worthy Phylosopher Aristotle, in Metha­phoricis vttereth, that the chéekes appearing red aboue, do witnesse such a creature to bee a Drun­kard, or a great drinker of wine: referred vnto the similitude of the passion: in that such which lately haue bin vexed, appeare of a blushing rednes, es­pecially about the eyes, kindled and caused in the beginning of the yre. The cause is sufficiently vt­tered afore of the Physiognomer, in the Chapter of the nature of the face.

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THe singuler Isidore (in xi. Ethimologiarum capit. primo) writeth, that the mouth is so named in Latine Os: for that by it, as by a doore, all men naturally and vsually put in meate, & cast forth the spittle prepared: or for that al meats and sustenance passe by the same into the stomack, and al words issue forth of the same, to the vnderstan­ding of minds.

To come vnto the matter, in the former Chap­ter it hath beene sufficiently vttered, that the big­nesse of members procéedeth through heate, espe­cially the mouth, which representeth the naturall and spirituall members: as of these, especiallie the stomacke. For how much the proportion of the stomacke is vnto the mouth, so much is the [Page] proportion of the mouth, answering vnto the sto­macke: for that the inner members, are knowne of the Phisiognomers to be hot. Of which reason, how much intentiuer the heat is, so much the gre­ter will the resolution of partes be. For where a great resolution consisteth, there of necessity must insue, that a restauration aptly be procured: which otherwise cannot be caused, but through the bene­fit and help of meates, that ought to be a sufficient quantity: of which the spirits are actiuely ingen­dred, and these in great quantity, which properlie cause in that Creature ire, boldnesse, yea, quarrel­ling and fighting. Of which it succéedeth, that the worthy Philemon, Palemon, Albertus, & Conci­liatore, report: that the Creature which hath a great and wide mouth, is a gluttonous féeder, yet hardy, and prone to fight.

Rasis vttereth the like, that the person which hath a great mouth, is known to be a gluttonous féeder, and bold.

The mouth formed small, is noted to bee of a Feminine nature. But the mouth discerned great and wide doth witnesse yre, boldnesse, quarrelling and fighting: such also are knowne by experience, to be gluttonons feeders.

The mouth formed ouer-wide, that the same appeareth, as it were wyder cut of purpose: doth indicate such a creature to be a gluttonous féeder, [Page 118]

wicked, fierce, lightly mooued to fight, and cruel: who for the proper conditions, applied vnto the brute beasts. Certaine report, and Ptholomeus paruus with them, that these are full of wordes, bosters, tellers of vaine tales, enuious lyars: and after a manner, appeare starke fooli [...].

The mouth hauing a small closing and ope­ning: [Page] doth denote such a creature to be peaceable, yet many times found vnfaithfull, and faint har­ted: the reason of this contrarie, is the same which was aboue vttered of the Phisiognomer.

The mouth in the proper sight or being, hauing a séemly quantity in the greatnesse, with the lips thinne, and appearing small in the closing: and to these the eies shewing smilingly, with the rest of the face agréeable answering: doth indicate a libi­dinous person, a Cynede or an effeminate Crea­ture, and a lyar: as the worthy Conciliatore in his Rubrike of Phisiognomy vttereth.

A small mouth in forme, appearing prominent outward, doth denote wicked conditions in that person, to be false in promise, and a betrayer.

The mouth discerned small, hauing thin lippes, doth witnesse a féeble mind and courage: but this person is deceitfull and malicious.

[Page 119]Where, or in whom the mouth shall appeare very farre bearing out, and round, with a thicknes of [...]he lips, and that the vpper lip foldeth outward: is or the forme (applied of the Philosopher) vnto the Hog: and signifieth by the agréement of Au­thors, that such a creature is nasty, péeuish, cruel, and a foole: as the Phisiognomer hath often times noted.

The best conditioned mouth, after the agrée­ment of the Phisiognomers, is when the same ap­peareth not ouer moist, in that the moysture of the mouth and lips, doth argue fearefulnesse, and ma­lignity in that Creature, as the worthy Albertus reporteth, and the same the Phisiognomer Cocles affirmeth.

The mouth that sauoureth swe [...]e, especiallie in the breathing: doth indicate an honest person, witty, both in the giuing and retaining: warie, se [...]ret, coueting fai [...]e thinges, and faithfull: yet easily led, eyther vnto the good or euill, through his light [...]eléeuing: if wee may credite Michaell Scotus.

The mouth that sauoureth ill in the breathing, doth denote such a Creature to be diseased in the Liuer, besides of a grosse vnderstanding, lightlie crediting, of a base wit, a coueter of other mens goodes, lasciuious, deceitfull, a lyar, a teller of vaine matters and newes: if Michaell Scotus [Page] may be beléeued.

Whose mouth in the speaking, is drawn awry, is noted of experience, to be diseased with a rewine distending from the head: yet is the same eyther stronger or weaker procured, euen as in the doub­ling vnto the other proportions: and this of obser­uation, doth the Phisiognomer Cocles witnesse.

AT the end of the Jawes, are the Lippes for­med, which are compouned of a soft flesh, [Page 120] in that these by a double motion, are aptly moued: as in the one, by a proper manner vpward, and in the other, by the motion downeward: and these caused, by motion of the iawes, from one to the o­ther, both in the closing and opening: which is the cause, why the lips are named to haue a good and perfit motion. The vtility of them (by the agrée­ment of all the Phisiognomers) is, and seruech for the furthering and helping of speech, and that these may (through the help of the Jawes) aptly & well close together, for the better beséeming of the countenance.

The colour of the lips, toward the opening of the mouth is red, thorough many veines of bloud deriued vnto that place: the note of which is, in that these often and much in quantity bléede: and are of a light cause broken and quickly cut off. The common hurts there hapning, are especially cured (after the minde of the Phisiognomer) with the same, named the Practitioners Mel Rosatum: for he reporteth, that he hath often experienced the same in many subiects.

There may Notes also bee gathered in con­ceiued, by the colour of the Lippes; for that the naturall colour in the edges of the Lippes (after the minde of Constantine) ought to bee redde: through the thinnesse of skinne, which lightly of [Page] the heat or colour of the blood, receiueth a Ros [...]e quality. Of which the worthy Constantine repor­teth: that the rednesse of the lippes, indicateth the purenesse of complexion, and the vnmixing toge­ther of troubled blood: and the note both of good & strong vertue in that Creature.

The wannesse of the lips, argueth the contrary to the same aboue: in that the vertue of blood, and naturall heate is lacking in that creature: so that such hauing the like lips, are noted to be sicke, as the worthy Rasis reporteth.

When the lips are formed big, these do repre­sent the multitude of matter, drawne vnto them through heat: and the grossenesse or bignesse of them, is caused through the grosse humours and spirits, of which the dulnesse of wit and foolishnes ensueth, procured by reason of the hotnesse, except the neather lip be discerned loose hanging, and wa­try running.

But if the lip be discerned vpright, and thicke in forme, that is, compact or stiffe: in such a per­son, doth the Phisiognomer (of experience) apply there the Planet Mars.

A like reason the Phisiognomer vttered, that when the mouth is formed great, if that the lippes appeare loose and hanging: in that part of the Creature is the Moone of him, and others aptly applyed.

[Page 121]

The neather lippe decerned loose hanging, and that the same appeareth very red in colour: dooth argue (hapning in the woman) to bee a most sure note, of the great desire vnto the veneriall act, and shamefastnesse in that Creature: as the same, the Phisiognomer Cocles noted in a famous Curti­zane of Rome, named Isabella di Luna. The like note séene in Children, signifyeth the Creature in [Page] time, to grow and become a Cynede or effeminate person: especially, if the countenance and eies ap­peare smiling, and the creature growne vnto a ripe age: as Cocles reporteth, that hee noted in a cer­taine Noble-man of the like condition.

In briefe, all the other members according to the nature and property of them, are each attribu­ted vnto his proper Planet: as shall after appeare in the third Booke of the Physiognomers to come forth, intituled the Phisiognomy of the Planets.

The worthy Loxius, Philemon, Plato, Ari­stotle, Albertus, and Conciliatore report: that the lips decerned cheerefull, and somwhat smiling, hapning with a mercy countenance: do argue such a Creature to be wantonly disposed, & libidinous: yea, such sometimes are knowne to be crafty, de­ceiuers, and theeues: of which, was that wicked Chirurgian (a Countrey-man of the Phisiogno­mers) named Seraph nus de pisis, that he diligent­ly noted.

The lips of the mouth formed very grosse, loose hanging, or ouer-much folding out: doe indicate such a creature to be simple, lightly or soone credi­ting, and of a dull capacity: these also denote a flegmaticke humour moystning, to consist in that person: compared of Arist [...]tle for the forme, vnto the aged Asse, hauing the like lips.

If the lippe within be séene not liuely, or not a [Page 122] faire redde in colour: doth argue a matter not re­gulated, and grosse humours to consist in that Creature: of which a dull capacitie, and belluine vnderstanding ensueth: yea, the same sometimes denoteth a sicknesse present, or that shall shortlie follow▪

The Philosopher Aristotle (in Methaphori­cis) vttereth, that such which haue the lips formed thinne, and in the edges appearing to hang loose out: in such manner, that the vpper lippe is séene stretched ouer the neather, at the closing and ioy­ning of the lips, are denoted to be bold, stout, and of great courage: applied for the forme, vnto the couragious Lyon. The like condition of these, may a man see in the Massiue [...] of our Realm, which haue such hanging Lippes, as to all Men knowne.

Such which haue the Lippes hard, and thinne formed, and a bearing out decerned about the Ca­nine or sharp téeth: do indicate a rude vnderstan­ding in that Creature, vnapt to learne, and furi­ous in actions: applied for the forme, vnto the grunting Hog.

The cause of these (as the Phisiognomer Co­cles supposeth) is the paucity of matter, & the do­minion of drith: in that it consumeth the moisture of the lips but this about the canine téeth, it canot so wast or consume: for as much as the moysture [Page] consisting in such a place, is known to be viscous and ciammy. Such also by reason of the dryeth, (saith the Phisiognomer) multiplied in the brain, are noted to be foolish: applied after the maner, vnto the Swine. So that whose lips are discerned thin and hard, and about the Canin téeth bearing vp, such persons are referred to the swine.

The neather lip decerned greater then the vp­per denoteth vnaptnes to learne, simple, of a smal vnderstanding, and foolish.

The nether lip séene swelled vnto the sharp or canine téeth, doth indicate such a person to be full of rancor, malicious, and contentious.

Such which haue the Lips formed grosse, and the vpper hanging ouer the neather Lippe, are denoted (by report of the Phylosopher Aristotle) [Page 123] to be of a simple vnderstanding, of a dull capacity, and foolish: applied for the forme, vnto the slowe and dull Asse.

Whose vpper lippe shall appeare prominent or bearing out with the Gummes, dooth witnesse such a Creature to be a louer of discorde, and occu­pying or busying himselfe in strifes and Contro­uersies, applied for the forme vnto the dog: these hitherto, borrowed out of the Phisiognomy of A­ristotle.

Such hauing the vpper lip so eleuated, that the Gums that is, the flesh on the téeth, and the téeth themselues are decerned, are known (as the Phi­siognomer reporteth of experience) to be ful of va­riance, and contumelious: yea, often rebuking: applied for the forme vnto the Dogge, especiallie, and the same, according to the apparant congru­ency séen. For the dog when he purposeth to bite, sheweth then the téeth by the gathering vp of the lips.

The Lippes formed small and thinne, and the mouth discerned little: doth indicate the imbecili­ty of minde, and craftinesse to dwell or consist in that person.

The auncient Rasis reporteth, that whose lips are discerned great, is denoted foolish, of a dull ca­pacity, and vnapt to learne. The selfesame dooth the woorthy Phylosoher Aristotle vtter, in his [Page] Phisiognomy of the members, that such a person which hath thick lips, is knowne to be foolish, and of a simple capacity.

The much bearing out of the lippes, doth wit­nesse such a person (after the mind of the Phisiog­nomer) to be foolish, ful of words, contentious, and hardy.

Certaine report, that whose lips shall be formed congruently thin and not much folded or turned outward: doth denote such a person to be secret in all matters, wary, of a good perseuerance, yet yre­full at times, and of a singular or ready wit. The cause is, for that the same declareth a congruent matter, vnto the subtilnesse of the humors & spi­rits, which is the reason and cause of the wit. But the irefulnesse consisting in that creature, procee­deth through the subtilnesse of the spirits, prone and apt vnto the kindling of it.

Such hauing the lips with the gummes for­med on the téeth prominent or bearing out, do in­dicate an euill tongued person, a wrangler, yreful, and inclined to worke iniuries: for these properly referred vnto the Dogge: as the singuler Palemon vttereth.

Whose lippes shall be séene well coloured, and these rather thin, then grosse or thicke: doth signi­fie such a person to be well conditioned in all mat­ters, and lightly changed, either to the good or e­uill, [Page 124]

but rather prone vnto vertues, then vnto vi­ces, as Michael Scotus vttereth: and there (after the minde of the Phisiognomer) is the Planet Iu­piter represented.

Whose lips are decerned not sufficient equall, or a like throughout, in such manner, that the one be grosser or thicker then the other: doth witnesse such a person to be more simple then wise: and of a variable fortune, as certaine report.

The philosopher Ptholomeus paruus, vtte­reth, that the outward lippes formed small, and somewhat folded or turned outward, do denote such a person to be full of wordes, very enuious, and an accuser. The reason is, for that the pauci­ty [Page] or smalnesse of the lips, doth witnesse the small quantity of matter, and the dominion of coldnes, but the folding or turning outward of them, doth declare a drinesse drawing together the hairy sin­newes: of which ensueth that the animall spirits are incongruent, vnto the decerning of whatsoe­uer is spoken: and the enuy through the same, pro­ceedeth, and is like caused.

The worthy Ptolomeus Paruus vttereth that the vpper lip folding or turning vpward, and the neather downeward: do signifie a misery or wret­chednesse of life, and vncomely conditions. Of this the Phisiognomer saw, and found a singuler experience, especially in the poore and néedy peo­ple. For the weaknesse of the animall Spirits, (saith he) is signified to consist in them: of which the wit properly hath not place or seat in that crea­ture.

The lips formed thin, if the vpper be turned and folding outward, and the same loose hanging: doe denote such a creature to be a deceiuer, subtile, and a Théefe for the most part.

The lippes decerned grosse or thicke, like to the Dogs: doe indicate such a person to be a deceiuer, an accuser, and wicked in conditions: these hither­to borrowed out of the phisiognomy of Ptolomeus Paruus.

The lippes of the Moores are not to be iudged [Page 125] vpon, but of those which dwell and are conuersant amongst them and their qualities there shal note: for which cause sufficient it is, to iudge in generall of those Realmes and Countries, more knowne to vs.

THe Canine or sharpe téeth of men, if these bee long, fast standing, and bearing outward, do argue such a person to be a glutton, irefull, fierce, and lasciuious, applied for the forme vnto the dog and Boare.

The cause I suppose (saith the Phisiognomer) through the aboundance of the radicall moysture, [Page] or Spermaticall matter, which declareth a most great dominion of heat and strength in the prin­cipall members, of which a hasty dissoluing of the substantiall moisture insueth, that cannot be re­stored, but through the much ating of meat, whose plentifull substance this greatly needeth: for which cause, such are inordinate, as is aforesaide: as ap­peareth by relation in the Dog & Boare.

And such the Phisiognomer hath knowne of ex­perience, to be wasters of their owne substaunce, great drinkers, deceiuers, Whore-hunters main­tainers of Harlots and murtherers, especially if a­ny other proportion aydeth and confirmeth the same.

Rasis reporteth▪ that whose téeth are discerned weake, thin set, and small, argueth the whole bo­dies weaknesse, both with feeblenesse, and short­nesse of life. The selfesame vttereth the said Rasis, in the buying of seruants. Also Aristotle vseth the same words in his Problemes.

Aristotle likewise reporteth (in secundo de A­nimalibus) that such hauing the téeth thin set, are noted to be short liued. Rasis also affirmeth the same in these words: That whose canine or sharp téeth are discerned long, and strong set, is argued to be a Glutton, an euill person, and vicious of bo­die.

Conciliatore in his Rubricke or Phisiogno­my, [Page 126] reporteth: That a noise causeth through the téeth, doth denote a frensines in that person, which sometimes happeneth to sleeping children, when they are troubled with Wormes, as the skilfull Physitians report.

The téeth formed bigge and broade, whether the [...]e stand inward, or are séene outward, doe ar­gue a vaine person, lasciuious, simple, of a slender capacity, and hauing a [...]ouine witte, for that the same witnesseth grosse spirites to consist in that person, procéeding of grosse-humors.

The téeth most drie, without anye moysture [Page] discerned to stand in them, yea and wholly dry in a sicke person, do denote death at hand: forasmuch as the radicall moisture is then consumed, & their bodies remaine and are, as a lamp without Oyle. In a healthfull body, the like seene, doe signifie a sicknesse to come, and the same shortly.

The téeth séene full of reume, or a distilled wa­ter from the heade appearing in them, argueth a disease of the head or stomacke, through the parti­cipation and occasion of the head and lungs, cau­sing this distillation from the head into the Nose and Eyes, the Cathar, the cough, the Squincy in the throat, and the impostume of the iawes. But any of these, this procureth either more or lesse, ac­cording to the contrary working of the members, as vnto the beholder may euidently appear. Such Beasts hauing the téeth indented like to a Sawe, onely drinke by licking with the Tongue: But such hauing the téeth formed whole, do drinke by supping, as the famous Philosopher Aristotle re­porteth.

The Téeth formed small, and weake to chew, both thin set, and short appearing, doe indicate (af­ter Michael Scotus) a féeble courage, a tender ca­pacity, fearefull, lightly perswaded, eyther vnto good or euil, of a reasonable wit, and faithful: but such a one is short [...]iued.

The Téeth (after Michael Scotus) not-euen [Page 127] formed, neither in the bignes, nor in the standing of the Gums: so that there appeare of them nar­row, broad, thin, and thicke téeth, denoteth a dis­dainfull person, enuious, bold, wary, and of a rea­dy wit, if one may credit this Scotus.

The téeth formed very long, and as they were sharpe, somewhat thin set, yet strong in the chew­ing, do witnesse (after the minde of Scotus) such a person to be a Glutton, enuious, bolde, deceitfull, suspitious, a lyar, and inuericundious.

The teeth (as M. Scotus reporteth) appea­ring [Page] cytrine, or browne, whether these be short or long formed, argueth such a person to be more foo­lish then wise, a grosse féeder, lightly crediting, of a diuers vnderstanding, suspitious, enuious, a coueter of other mens goods, and a lyar.

The téeth big and broad, whether these decline, or stand in and out, or that they appeare thicke or thin set, witnesseth such a person to be vain, light­ly crediting, simple, of a tender capacity, a grosse féeder, lasciuious, and a lyar.

The téeth discerned strong and thicke set, indi­cateth long life in that creature, to be a Teller of newes, selfe willed, a stoute person, lightly credi­ting▪ desirous of beautifull thinges, and of a dull capacity.

The téeth weake, few in number, thin set, and small, do indicate such a person to be weake of bo­dy, short liued, gentle, shamefast, tractable, tru­sty lightly crediting, of a ready capacity, and wa­ry. Hitherto borrowed out of the Phisiognomy of Scotus.

THe toong is a member which is extended out of white flesh, both hard & well moouing, and this the colour and vse of it declareth: the rednes consisting in it, is caused of many small vains and litle arteries which procéed and come vnto it, espe­cially vnto the neather part of the same, thorough which this appeareth in the neather part Redder, than in the vpper: and this is known to be a spun­gy matter full of powers: For experience instruc­teth vs, that the same is bloody, for that the solu­tion of the continuity of the same, is only cured in short time, with the simple Rosed Hony.

The tongue not onely serueth for the cleane [Page] and perfect vttering of words in smiting the téeth to cause the sound of them, in the issuing foorth: but the same also helpeth to distinguish all manner of tasts, yea the letters perfectly expresse, as the learned Aristotle saith.

The tongue folded or turned downeward, and stutting or stammering, doth argue an humorall laske of the belly, as the woorthy Hipocrates re­porteth, in 32. Aphoris. sexrae secto.

Such as are encombred with this Humorall laske, become Stutterers or Stammerers, tho­rough the matter descending from the head which entreth, and is drunke into the Spunginesse and Lacertes of the tongue: and of this ingrossed or caused thicke, through which enlarging, the same of necessity must be shortned. So that of the same cause, such stut or stammer: yea, Rasis reporteth, that the stammering doth innuate the moystnesse of quality. Some there be, which are caused to stut of nature: of which, that Noble Phisitien Etius writeth.

Such hauing the tongue tyed before, cannot perfectly pronounce the letter S. but sounde the same like C. and such are named of Etius, proper stammerers.

The tongue tied behind, cannot pronounce the Letters, R. and T. as Galen reporteth: but breaking the Letter R. sounde the same like to [Page 129] the letter L. and such of him, are aptly named Lispers.

The Flix named Diarrhaea, is a Flix or laske of the belly, with the onely shedding of humour, without an inflamation or exulceration: when the humors especially discend from the head. So that when any vttereth the wordes with difficul­ty, it is then a note of Diarrhaea to mollest that creature. With which disease, the Phisiogno­mer reporteth himselfe to haue béene encombred in his Child-hood: forasmuch as in many subiects this sicknesse much mollesteth and aboundeth in this age, but growne vnto riper yeares, the same then seaceth.

The Stammerers (saith the Phisiognomer) do many times feare to drinke any heddy Wine, in that these are soone drunke, through the brains weaknes. Hence it is that the drunkard so stam­mereth, that he readily cannot pronounce (thirtie thrée. Forasmuch as the vapors of the Wine, are drunke into the spunginesse of the tongue, so that it is hindered of the naturall scite.

Hypocrates in suis secretis saith, that the hea­uinesse of the tongue happening in a young man, pronounceth after the lightnes of the same sodain death: the like affirmeth Galen.

When the tongue is discerned grosse, big and large, argueth a rude witte, as the Phisiognomer [Page]

many times noted: this also doth represent Fleg­maticke humours, to consist in the brain of that creature, or in the other parts of his body.

Conciliatore saieth, that the stammering and often repeating of the fore sillable and worde, be­fore the full vttering and speaking of the Worde, doth denote such an one to be prone vnto the Me­lancholy quality.

The tongue by a swift motion drawne toge­ther, and through the corrupting and breaking of the words, causing a repetition: dooth Witnesse such a person to be foolish, hasty in wrath, and yre­full. And this is caused through the moueablenes and hotnesse of the spirits, hastning forwards the pronouncing of words, without consideration.

[Page 130]When the tongue shall be discerned so heauy as a stone, and in a manner appearing immoouea­ble: doth denote (after the minde of the Phyloso­pher) a sluggish person, slowe in actions, and of a dull capacity.

The tongue thin, doth represent a subtil wit, through the decent matter, both of the humor and spirit: although the same may declare a hot, and peraduenture a Chollerick quality, after the mind of the Phisiognomer.

Ptolomy saith, that the tongue long and redde, signifies wisdom, procéeding of laudable humors.

In Kisses (by report of the Physiognomer) may much be knowne and found. For a certaine [Page] creature I saw (saith hée) which thrust foorth the tongue, nigh a Palme bredth: and the same sun­dry times experienced in my sight, as a matter of admiration, and worthy to be noted. And of this is knowne to the wise, that the vertue of the mus­cles to be voluntary, &c.

The tongue seene white in colour, doth indicate pouerty and misery to insue, except mightier notes preuaile, as the Phylosopher Ptolomeus Paruus reporteth.

Conciliatore writeth, that the tongue discer­ned of the naturall colour, doth denote a weak e­state and euill condition in that person, especially of the breast and belly.

The person which hath such a long, grosse, and round tongue, that with the same thrust forth, he may easily licke the Nose, dooth witnesse such a person (after nature) to imitate the Oxe in condi­tions: as the same (the Phisiognomer dilligently noted) in a neighbor of his.

The learned Auerrois (in de se [...]su & sensato) saith, that when the tongue hath drunke in, and receiued certaine humors, the fast of the same is then corrupted, and is to be conceiued of the In­struments of the other senses.

The tongue ouer-fast speaking (as reporteth Michael Scotus) denotes such a person to be more simple than wise, of a dul wit and vnderstanding, [Page 131] lightly crediting, and conuertible either vnto the good or euill.

The Tongue that stutteth in the vttreing of words (saith Michael Scotus) doth indicate such a person to be very simple▪ vaine, vnconstant, yre­full: yet from his yre easily brought and appea­sed, and willing to serue.

The tongue discerned big and rough, witnes­seth a circumspect person, reasonably willing to serue, secret to himselfe, disdainefull, a betrayer, vaine, a teller of newes, fearefull, and yet hauing a reasonable sufficiency of many things.

The tongue descerned thin, signifieth a Cir­cumspect person, ingenious, yet lightly fearefull, soone crediting, and conuertible vnto good or euill. Hitherto Scotus.

THe cause why in some persons, the voyce is heard big, in some small in some big & small togither: and in some after a hoarse maner: is for that (as the Philosopher saieth) there are thrée principal conditions that concurre vnto the voice. The one, is the vertue of the lunges in forcing or procuring forward the breath, in reuerberating to the roote of the tongue, or to the pipe of the lunges. The other and second is, through the ayre expel­led [Page 132] againe, to reuerberate the same. The third is, the pipe of the Lungs, vnto the roote of the tongue where the ayre and breath is reuerberated. Of which, how much the sounding vertue consisteth strong, to expell much breath, and the pipe of the lungs formed large, that the same receiueth great plenty of ayre, so much the greater and lesser ap­peareth the voice: but how much the vertue ap­peareth weak, and the weason or pipe of the lungs consisteth weake, so much the smalnesse and shril­nesse of voice appeareth, according to the mouing or swiftnesse of the breath.

The grosnesse of the voice, procéedeth thorough the slownesse of mouing in that creature: of which how much the vertue doth lesser moue the aire or breath, so much the more subtilnesse or smalnesse, and shrilnesse hath the voice: through which, this procéedeth and is caused (after the mind of the phi­siognomer) the swifter.

How much the more ayre or breath (saith hée) shall be gathered and receiued into the subiect, so much the grosser or bigger will the voice succéede and be, and the same procured thorough the slow­nesse of mouing.

The asper or rough voice, procéedeth through [...] drinesse, of the pipe of the lungs. But the hoarse voice is caused thorough a superfluous moysture, which descendeth from the head, vnto the pipe of [Page] the lungs, which (as it should séeme) so hindreth and letteth the breath to passe in that creature.

The equality and swéetnesse of the voyce, pro­céedeth and is cau [...]ed through a temperament of the pipe of the lunges: when the same consisteth and is neither to dry nor moist. For this is a note that the quality of the heart not to be resisting or letting, but that a proportion of all liuing things, may be found and knowne: and in these, the Fe­male [...] are decerned to be of a weaker and shriller voyce then the Males: except the cow as the Phi­losopher (in quinto de Animali [...]us) vttereth.

The person which hath a big voyce, is noted to be very iniurious: applyed for the forme vnto the Asse, as Aristotle reporteth, in Methaphoricis.

[Page 133]Such which, séeme to forecall, beginning in a base manner, and ending small: are noted to bée irefull, yet soone appeased and pleased: app [...]ied [...] the forme vnto the Oxe, and vnto the comelinesse of the voyce.

Such which vtter the words now bigge, now low, and vnperfitly: are indicated to be fearefull, applied for the same condition vnto Women, and vnto the comlinesse of the voyce.

The persons which séeme to call and speak big, and the voyce not changed into a diuers manner: are applyed of the Philosopher for the forme, vnto our great Masty, and vnto the séemelinesse of the voyce.

The creature which is heard to speake softlie, without a retching of the voyce, are noted to bée gentle, and simple: applied for the forme vnto the sheepe.

Such which call or vtter the words shrilly, are noted to be irefull: applied for the kind and forme vnto the Goat: these hitherto out of Aristotle, the like Albertus, and Conciliatore report, and Hie­ronimus de Manfredis, a Countrey-man of the Phisiognomers.

The voyce vttered bigge, and distensed in the kind, doth indicate a strong person: forasmuch as the same procéedeth through the plenty of heate. This grosse or bigge voyce, doth the Phisiogno­mer [Page] héere meane, to be like to the base Organ [...] pipe.

The person which vttereth a slow & big sound of the voice, is iudged to be quiet, tractable, gen­tle, and merry: of these, certaine are known to be very iust, and vpright creatures in their dealings, after the mind of the Phisiognomer.

The voice decerned bigge, yet the sound of wordes perceiued very corrupt: is an apparant note of a franticke Creature, iniurious, and a glutton.

The strength of the voyce, ensueth the large­nesse of vaines, & multitude of the spirits, which altogether are caused of heat: as the Philosopher Aristotle reporteth.

The persons possessing a big voyce, and that heauily or basely calling: are indicated to bee apt persons, to beare iniuries and wrongs, applied for the forme, vnto the Asse.

Such creatures which call or beginne big, and end in their words with a smal voyce, are denoted to be both yrefull, and pittifull at times: yea soone pleased and tractable: applied vnto the Oxe, for the forme of the cry: the reason of this, is often taught afore.

Such a person which hath a grosse, high, and sounding voyce: is reported to be eloquent, bol [...], fierce, and valiant in Armes, or a Warrior.

[Page 134]

The voyce decerned small and low, doth indi­cate such a Creature to be fearefull, and enuious. By this low voyce, is héere meant (saith the Phi­siognomer) the small and faint voice, and not the big in any manner.

Here conceiue, that the voice is diuers of sound, forasmuch as the voyce is a sound with an imagi­nation, by the mouth of the creature, vttered to de­monstrate any effect. But sound is any kind, pro­céeding of the sounding, which vnto the hearing procureth a passion. And the speach is a third kind, hauing a diuersity vnto either of these.

The voyce decerned small, soft in the hearing, and in a broken manner, doth witnesse a woman­ly [Page] fearefulnesse to consist in that Creature, and to be effeminate.

The voyce heard slow, doth indicate (after the mind of the Philosopher) such a person to be slug­gish in actions, rash at times, and impudent.

The voyce decerned weake, doth argue a straightnesse of the Arteries, and paucity of the spirits, which are especially caused by the meanes of cold.

The voyce decerned soft, without retching, doth indicate such a person to be gentle, and tractable: applyed vnto the shéepe, for the similitude of the voyce: euen as the others, applied vnto Beastes of like condition.

The voyce heard grosse and high, doth indicate a hotnesse of the heart and Lunges, and a large­nesse of the Wezand, that both fréely draweth and expelleth the ayre or breath, without impediment: for which cause, the voyce heard lowd, dooth de­note such a creature to be talkatiue, bold, and con­tentious.

The Philosopher Aristotle (in de secretis secre­toris) vttereth, that whose voyce appeareth a meane, betwéene a smalnesse and bignesse: is no­ted to be a person sapient, a fore-séer, true, and iust, and these through the contrary cause.

Such a person which is decerned quicke of spéech, especially if he hath a shrill voyce, is deno­ted [Page 135] to be a Creature yrefull, obstinate, foolish, importunate, a lyar, and euermore euill conditio­ned.

But if the voyce shall be perceiued or decerned grosse, or rather bigge: doth signifie such a Crea­ture to be irefull, hasty, of an euil nature and con­dition.

The creature which hath a swéete and pleasant voyce, is iudged (of the Philosopher Aristotle) to be enuious, irefull at times, and maruailous sus­pecting.

The delectablenesse of voyce, decerned in a proper subiect (as the worthy Palemon) vttereth, doth indicate a dull capacity, yet a stowtnesse of courage to consist in him.

The quicknesse and hastinesse of words or spéech decerned, as the (learned Albertus) reporteth, doth argue a hot complexion to consist in that Creature. The like doe Phylemon, Loxius, Palemon, and Conciliatore vtter, vnder these wordes: that whose voyce is heard, grosse, and big vttered, is reported to be ireful, rash, and hasty in his actions, and suspected to be of an euil nature: the reason of these (is reported of them to bee) through the vn­temperate hotnesse.

The person hasty in spéech, especially when he hath a small voyce, is reported to bée wicked, a Foole, importunate, a lyar, yrefull, and euer­more [Page] of euill conditions.

Whose voyce shall be decerned pleasant (as a­fore vttered) is iudged enuious and suspitious: the reason hath bin opened in another place, for as much as the same is effeminate. Further the dele­ctablenesse of voyce, doth denote small wisedome or simplenesse, and veneriall conditions.

Rasis reporteth, that the voyce decerned bigge, doth indicate the hotnesse of complexion, but the small voyce, doth witnesse the coldnes of complex­on in that creature.

The voyce perceiued rough and hoarse, like vnto the Cranes, doth testifie an enuious person, and one that retaineth a mischiefe secretly in the heart, the same person also is by report of the Philoso­pher, melanchollike in quality.

Whose voice shall be decerned, not fully vttered or spoken with a long breath: is noted to be a vile person, through the coldnesse of the hart, and per­aduenture with moystnesse applied.

The Creature which hath a very big voyce, is noted to be a Seruant, vnto his owne belley. The reason of this is, for as much as the Graue or bigge voyce, procéedeth through the debillitie of vertue, which canot breath out the sufficient plen­ty ayre, to moue the Muscles of the breast: of which insueth sluggishnesse, that such a person of the same, can neither apply his wit to any study, [Page 136]

nor frame or exercise his body with any corporall or painefull labour.

They which vtter the voyce in cutting of the breath: doe promise liberally, but performe little, and such are knowne to be deceiuers.

They which are decerned to vtter the voice (as it were) by a moouement of the breast, sturdily big, are denoted to be manly, yet vnapt to learne, and stoute of courage: applied for the forme vnto the Lyon.

They which haue a slow and big voyce, are de­noted to be quiet and merrie: such also for the most part, are knowne to bee iust persons, and gentle conditioned.

[Page]They which are heard to sound the voice shrill like vnto birds, are noted to be prone vnto the ve­neriall act, vnstable, and vaine.

A breathing discerned small and faint in voice, doth innuate such a creature to be sad for the more part, froward and suspitious.

The creature which mooueth often himselfe, and speaketh with the mouing of hands, is thoght vncleanely, yet of a very readie wit, and quicke vtterance, and sometimes knowne to be a decey­uer. But he which refraineth from the moouing of hands when he speaketh, is of a perfect vnder­standing, of a good disposition, and of a sounde counsell.

The person which speaketh and soundeth the voice through the Nosthrils, is affirmed to be full of words, a lyar, malicious, enuious, and ioyeth in the harmes of another: and such a creature dooth imitate the nature of the Ducke. This the Phisi­ognomer obserued and noted in a certaine Coun­tryman of his.

Further, the voice heard vehement, and ma­king a noise, as a sounde vndecently mixed, doth denote an vniust person, violent, and bearing ha­tred in heart. But the voice descerned slowe, doth indicate a sluggish person in actions, and some­times hasty. And whose voice in the middle, ap­peareth a meane, as betwéene the smalnesse and [Page 137] grosenesse, is accompted sapient, a fore-séer, true and iust.

THe mind, after the opinion of the Philosopher is much delighted with laughter: yet the ouer­much laughter, is named of most men, a laughter out of course, and argueth besides a small vnder­standing and simple wit.

Of which, the common Prouerbe rise, and often divulgated of the wise is, that in the mouth of a foole, much laughter consisteth: the like re­porteth [Page] Catullus, that singular Po [...]t in this Sen­tence:

Héere conceiue; that through the Milt formed big, such a creature is procured to laugh much, and o­therwise is it, when in the contrary manner, as some report. And the learned Isidore (in xi. ethy­molagi [...]um) vttereth, that the Milt to bee so na­med of the supplying of the same: which properly lieth on the contrary part of the liuer, to the ende the same shold not consist or remaine empty. The Gaule is know [...]e to be an apt receptacle & blad­der in the creat [...]re, which by due worke of nature sendeth or recei [...]eth into it the choller. The Mylt are supposed of some to be a procurer of laughter, séeing by it we [...] especially caused to laugh. By the Gaule (if we m [...]y credit [...]) are all Crea­tures mooued vnto the: by the heart, to conceyue déepe matters: by the [...] the quality mooued vnto loue: through which [...] elements, euerie liuing creature (saith he) is sustained.

So that the persons which sufficiently laughe, are denoted (after the agréement of Writers) to be benigne and gentle, quiet, beloued (for theyr [Page 138] curteous behauiour) of all persons, yet l [...]htly en­damaged or harmed, althogh such are smoisy [...]re­full for any: and these beside a [...] of an apparant comlinesse (saith the Phisiognomer) applied vnto the Sanguine and Jo [...]all persons.

The creature which reasonably laugheth, is ar­gued to bee giuen to mirth, of a good quality, but ioyeth much in the veneriall [...], especially, if the eies appeare smiling.

The ouermuch laughter exercised (as Aristo­tle vttereth vnto king Alexander) remo [...]e [...] [...]re­uerence▪ and hasteth olde age in that creature: for troth, with such willingly (saith the Phisiog­nomer) is no societie or fellowship to be vsed: in that these lacke Wit, and are nothing at all se­cret: [Page] yet these (after some Writers) are reported to be seruiceable and painfull in their doings.

Such persons which are séene seldom to laugh are indicated to be of a déepe vnderstanding, and knowne faithfull as certaine report: and this the Phisiognomer obserued and noted in sundrie ho­nest and vertuous persons, which he knew to bée searchers of déepe and hid secrets. The cause eui­dently appeareth, and is known to be a déep thin­king and reatch, which consisteth in that creature which remoueth laughter. Of whom, such a per­son that laugheth often (as is aforesaid) bethink­eth or museth on no serious and déepe matter, nor maketh any solemne or witty discourse with him­selfe.

Certaine of the ancient report, tht the crea­ture which is hardly procured to laugh, is affirm [...] to be witty, a foreséer of matters vnto himselfe, niggardly: and very studious in the Art which he dayly exerciseth: yet such a creature (sayeth the Phisiognomer) is prone to be a surmiser, and ire­full.

The person which is heard to laugh alowde, with a certaine noise discerned in the laughter, is indicated (by some writers) to be inuericundious, and rash in actions.

Such a creature, that (without cause pro­cured) laugheth, and in his laughing, séemeth of­ten [Page 139] to cough, or gape, or to draw the head awrie, is indicated to be variable of purpose and minde, enuious, lightly or soone crediting, and conuerti­ble either vnto the good or euill, as Loxius, and Phylemon report.

The learned Conciliatore in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy saith, thta the creature Coughing when he laugheth, or is at the instant encombred with the hardnesse and shortnes of breath, is iud­ged to be inuericundious, fierce, and a Tyraunt, as the like was obserued and noted by Cocles in a certaine Prince of Lumbardy.

Certaine of the worthy Physiognomers re­port, that whose Chéekes are discerned often to [Page] smile, is denoted to be of euill minde, of a peruerse cogitation, and a liar: and such persons generally are malicious and dissemblers, not to bee trusted, but rather to be doubted if we may credit the phi­siognomer: when the like especially is ioined with other accidents of the mind: and that their eielids appeare wrinkled togither, with the eye-browes gathered as it wer in a cloudy forme: such are then shedders of bloud, murderers, robbers by Sea and land, as hath often bin obserued in manie, which were the like.

He that smileth vnto himselfe when he talketh, is indicated to be foolish, and of simple vnderstan­ding as the phisiognomer obserued in an Italian: and such are reported to abound in the Melancho­lick quality.

The chéekes writhing in laughter, as if it wer in the derision of another, witnesseth such a person to be arrogant, deceitfull, couetous, a lyar, yrefull, and a blabber of secrets.

Such as lightly laugheth (saith M. Scotus) is denoted to be of simple vnderstanding, vnstable, vain, lightly crediting, of d [...]l wit, grosse in féeding & seruiceable, yet in facts or actions not secret▪

Such as sildome laugh, and soon make an end, is argued according to M. Scotus, to be stable, wa­ry, niggardly: yet of good vnderstanding▪ secret, faithfull and glorious in his actions.

THe much breath, argueth aboundance of the spirits, & econuerso, which procéedeth two waies, the one through the lungs smalnesse, & the other through the straitnesse of the brest▪ Of which the creature much breathing, is of great strength and courage, by reason of the heate resoluing the moisture, especially that dewy moisture, after the mind of the Phisiognomer.

The breath sent forth in due course and order, [Page] that is, betwéene (the great and small, apearing) a meane, doth indicate the quietnesse of hart, and a man in minde well pleased, as the Phylosopher reporteth.

That person which sigheth without cause, and fetched the sighes déepe and long, dooth witnesse the Melancholy to come, and that mighty to per­seuer in that creature.

The breath appeareth cut betwéene being af­ter an order, which in the end through straitnesse of the breast, commeth forth with a heat and sigh­ing, argueth such a creature to be encombred with thought, and the disquietnesse of mind. And the same to be mixed to some euill, if the head especi­ally shake withall.

That person which with the sighing, draweth the eyes awry, is iudged after the minde of most writers) that hee then bewaileth the matter come vnto mind, deuising with himselfe in what man­ner he may aptliest bring about, and compasse or atchieue the same.

The creature which breatheth with a certaine noise▪ through the larger opening of the nostrille [...], doth then indicate cruelty, brutish furiousnes and violence to consist in him: which of Aristotle is applied to the passion.

The breath passing foorth troubled and thi [...]ke, as if the same were after a course of running, or [Page 141] through some strong accidents: doth then denote such a person to be violent, vnaduised, hasty, and yrefull.

When the breath shall bee decerned short and thicke, and through a much cutting off stopped be­twéen: such a creature (of the Philosopher Aristo­tle) is iudged fearefull, weake of courage and strength.

That person which (with the sight and counte­ [...]nce) séemeth as he were bereft, with a certaine [...]odlinesse and pittifulnesse: such a one (saith the Phisiognomer) is iudged to bee then taken and wrapped with the furious passion of loue.

The singuler Philosopher Aristotle vttereth, [Page] vnto the mighty King Alexander, that when he saith, you shall sée a person much and long together beholding: yea, and earnestly looking on your face, and that when you againe behold him so looking, is of the same abashed, and therwith blusheth, and giueth specially (at that instant) a sigh against the will, and that teares appeare standing in his eies: such a person vndoubtedly loueth and feareth you. But if you sée the contrary vnto this, then iudge that creature to regard you little: and to be one, that is both enuious and disdainefull.

The breath decerned lowd, cut betwéene, and the sigh appearing the like, doth witnesse sorrow, and heauinesse, for some losses happened to that Creature.

Hipocrates, Galen, and certaine other Phi­sitions report, that the breath perceiued passing forth cold by the mouth and Nostrils, in a sharpe sicknesse: doth innuate death, shortly after to en­sue.

Ptolomeus paruus vttereth, that he which of­ten wéepeth for no cause reasonable, shall alwaies be poore, and néedy.

The breath (by report of Michael Scotus) com­ming out so soft, that the same can scant be heard, doth denote such a person to be greatly encombred with thought: which condition of thought, the eyes in a manner will declare.

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The breath which is decerned sometimes still, and within a good while after, is drawne (and fet­ched in) ouerfast: dooth argue such a creature (as that Scotus writeth) to bée then occupied with a present great heauinesse of the mind.

The head if it shaketh as he sigheth (according to the mind of Scotus) then for the weight of the matter euill handled, and euill spoken off, it argu­eth him to be sorry.

If he doth the like, with the eyes intentiue or steddy looking, such a person bethinketh him rather of the euils then repenterh him, as Michael Sco­tus writeth.

The breath heard light, breathing out by little [Page] and little without noyse, dooth denote (after the mind of Scotus) such a person to be of an vpright mind.

The person which is heard to breath loud, and smileth withall: is iudged (of Michael Scotus) to be furious and a drunkard.

Such a person decerned breathing, troubled, and thicke, as though he had lately run, is denoted to be wilfull, foole hardy, irefull, and of a wicked mind, desiring all things what he séeth, and talk­ing of all things that he heareth.

He which breatheth on high, and that the breath séemeth to passe through the nostrils thick & quick, doth argue such a creature (after the mind of Sco­tus) to be fearefull and sorrowfull. Such also are noted to bee effeminate, when as the other notes fortifie the same.

The breath so comming forth, as if the subiect were encombred with the hardnesse of fetching breath, such a Creature is reported (of Michaell Scotus) to be simple, of a peruerse minde, full of words, and desirous of all things that he séeth.

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THe chin decerned very long, doth argue the abundance of matter, in that by reason of the ouermuch hotnesse, the same is lengthned out: of which such are knowne to bee irefull, cruell, and hasty: yet these sometimes are found to be full of words, and sometimes boasters of themselues, as [...]oth Palemon and Constantine write.

Such which haue the chinne formed small and short, are persons especially to bee eschewed: for [Page] besides the other conditions consisting in them, such are vncurteous, yea, rather rigorous, full of w [...]es and enuious: for these (of Palemon) aptlie ap [...]lied [...]nto the Serpent.

[...] conceiue, that Phisiognomy and Paul­m [...]y, are more manifested of experience, than by [...]eason: yet somewhat may be vttered, of the pr [...]cipaller members: which expresse the g [...]eat­ne [...]e and smalnesse of matter, from the begin [...]ing of [...]eneration.

If the chinne be sharp or formed into a round manner, doth indicate effeminate conditions and a f [...]ble courage: In that this is, a feminate n [...]te, as Pythagoras vttereth. For the mans chin after na [...]ure▪ ought to be formed in a square manner, and not found.

If the vnder chin be séene so fat, that the [...]me re [...]heth downe to the throate, doth indicate mos [...] great luxury to consist in that creature: if a pit o [...] hole be especially decerned in either chéeke.

The chin formed of a decent or comely bignes doth denote such a person to be prone vnto the ve­ne [...]all act: yet iudge him to bee much bound [...] God, for the guifts lent him. Here conceiue (sai [...] the Phisiognomer) that the chin ought to be for­med neither too round nor ouer sharpe: but in [...] meane manner vnto a squarenesse.

The chin decerned ouer long, doth innuate [Page 144]

most wicked creature, very talkatiue, and a whis­perer, yea his minde altogether occupied with de­ceites: as the like, the skilfull Phisiognomer ob­serued and noted in a certain French man, which was very malicious, a great deceiuer, and excée­ding couetous (as al of that nation) bewra [...] them­selues to bee: especially prone vnto fraudes, and great deceites.

The Chinne at the lower ende, séene so do­ [...]uded, that the same expresseth a double forme, in such manner, as this be not too much or too déepe dented in the middle: dooth then argue (as certaine report) deceitfull conditions to consist in that Creature. But this knowne to be a note [Page] of Venus in that place (after the mind of the Phi­siognomer Cocles) and such a person like formed, shall purchase with men, great fauour and grace. As the like Cocles experienced in many subiects, which were knowne to bee lasciuious, and that haunted the company of Harlots: yea, these with the Cyneds, had sundry times doing, and suffe­ring. There be some which haue a pit formed on breadth, and by an equall line stretching, as on length, that more coroborateth the phisiognomers sentence.

The chin formed so crooked vp, that the Lips séeme as they were standing in a valley: doth de­note the rudenesse of wit, vnfaithfulnesse, wicked conditons, and sometimes such are knowne to be theeues, vnlesse old age cause the same, through the losse of many téeth.

The singuler Aristotle in tertio de Animali­bus, vttereth: that such which haue the chin deui­ded, do lesse wax bald, and shed fewer haires then other Creatures.

The chin formed sharpe, and thin or slender, through an emptinesse or lacking of flesh: doth in­dicate a bold and stout, or couragious person, and disdainefull.

The chin formed large and bigge, through the much quantity of flesh: doth witnesse (after the minde of M. Scotus) such a creature to be quiet, of [Page 145] a meane capacity, dull of wit: yet faithfull, secret, and conuertible, either vnto the good or euill.

The chin formed sharp, & sufficiently full of flesh: doth denote (as Michael Scotus reporteth) such a person to be of a good vnderstanding, lofty minded, and one that feedeth sufficiently, & bold in actions.

The chin formed, as the same were parted in two, by a certain valley or d [...]ng in: doth argue (as Michael Scotus vttereth) that person, to be of a grosse wit, vaine, lightly c [...]editing, a great sur­miser: yet congruently seruiceable to another, qui­et, and secret (for the more part) in his doings▪

The chinne decerned sharpe, and thinne in the quantity of flesh: doth (after Michael Scotus) de­note such a Creature to be bolde and couragious, a Quarreller sometimes, and fighter, irefull, dis­dainfull, weake in strength, and contented (after [Page] a manner to serue, for the reliefe of liuing.

The chin seen crooking vp, with a hollownesse in the knitting of the Jawes, and leane of Flesh, that the same appeareth, as it were formed sharp: doth witnesse (after the minde of Scotus) such a person to be wicked, enuious, of a simple wit, a niggard, deceitfull, soone angry, ireful, a surmiser, bold, proud, a threatner, a betrayer, and a theefe: these hitherto Michael Scotus.

THe Beard in man (after the agreement of the ancient writers) beginneth to appeare in the neather Jawe, which so ascendeth toward the [Page 146] Temples, through the heat and moysture carried vnto the same, from the report of the head, drawn from the [...]enitours, which [...] to [...] especi­ally, the Sperme from those [...]laces: which n [...]e is, by reason the spermaticall [...] [...]eines doe d [...]e [...]d vnto the same place, as the like appeareth in the [...], which ouer-much exercise [...], whose fa [...]s by the meanes are after [...] [...]razed and al [...]e­red.

As touching the woma [...]s testicles, in that the [...]e are but weake, for the same [...] are they known not to be bearded. And such Women which are found to haue these hotter then the [...], haue also somewhat of the reflexed matter, [...] the same place, whence the Sperme mo [...] cheef [...]ie commeth. This reflexed heat (saith the Con [...]a­tore) draweth with it the moysture▪ of whi [...] in them [...] engendered the thin and small h [...]res of the Beard: and this especially verified in them, which vse often & very much [...]oea [...]ig. For which cause the sanguine bodies that haue a thin beard, and mean of length: are indicated to be creatures, which often and greatly desire to coeate, through the common of the hea [...] and moisture consisting in th [...] them.

The Beard in man, after the minde of the Philosopher, beginneth to spring out and appeare after [...] yeares of age [...] these by little and little, [Page]

appearing from day to day, and then beginneth the haires to appeare and growe on the 23 [...] [...]2c1lp of both kinds.

Héere conceiue saith the Phisiognomer, that such haires doe procéede and appeare through the superfluousnesse of meates, and the fumosities of them, which daily ascend on high vnto the parts of the Lawes: much like to the smoak of an Oue [...] ­heated, that passeth so long through the Chinkes [Page 147] of the same, vntill those passages, through the heat are wholly stopped, that no more smoake can after passe through them. Euen the li [...]e do the fu­mosities of man issue foorth, into the manner of haires: which are properly named the hairs of the Beard.

The colour of the Beard, doth sometimes ex­presse the qualities and quantities of the humors, yet hitherto hath not the same béene heard of, that any man saw a flaxen white Beard: for as much as the flegmaticke humor is not found so mighty, as to engender haires of the like colour, through the depriuing and lacke of naturall heat, to eleuate the sufficient matter vnto the engendring of the like coloured haires.

Héere perhaps some will argue and affirme, (saith the Phisiognomer) that there is sundry times séene Women bearded, yet these are not [...]ound of a Flegmaticke qualitie, but rather the same doth happen in that the humors are so subtil, that of Nature such are procured to bée hot. For out of these Creatures doe haires spring, yea they sometimes appeare on their Jawes, but proper­ly these appeare about the mouth, where the more heate doth abound: and su [...]h Women (séene the like) is named of all men bearded: héere conceiue (saith Cocles) that the like Woman found, is iudged to be very luxurious through her heat, and [Page] moyst quality: of which the like Creature séen, is not onely strong of nature, but to be of a stout cou­rage, and manly in her facts.

The perfit woman is known to be sufficiently naked of haires, especially about the mouth: such a creature after Phisiognomy, is reported to be of a good quality: that is to say, bashfull, fearefull, honest, weake of courage, gentle of behauiour, and obedient.

[Page 148]Héere (saith the Phisiognomer) doth a solemne doubt arise, and the same is, why men are séene bearded and not women for the more part, which doubt séemeth to be put forth by the learned Gu­lielmus Nurice: to which Cocles aunswereth in this manner, that the same may bée gathered to procéede, of the efficient, the materiall, and small cause: for as much as these properly serue vnto an ornament, and comely beautifying of the Wo­man: and in euerie kinde, the Males are séene comelier beautified with the same, than the Fe­males. Which condition of the haires, properlie serueth vnto a defence of the iawes in man, that the Woman (for the like defence and necessitie) nothing néedeth, at the least so much as the Man: through which, the sense of feeling is knowne to be of greater force in Man. So that the Man by this reason, may better endure to goe barehea­ded, and naked in other partes, in the bitter cold weather, than the Woman: and suffer greater stormes on the Bodie, than shée may, without harme to ensue. A stronger reason may be ren­dered and giuen of the efficient, and materiall cause, séeing the Males in generall, are knowne to be hotter than the Females. For which cause, the Fume in men, that is the matter procuring the Haires, is found both more and mightyer, than in women: which séeing the same is known [Page] not able to be consumed: for that cause (God and nature together) ordained two apt places in man, for the passages of them: as the one by the head, and other fitly by the chin and iawes, which forme the beard of man. Which manner of fumes consi­sting in the woman, for as much as they appear [...] not to bee so many and mighty, as well knowne they are to rest in the man: for this cause are these properly and naturally sent forth by the head. And a note of the like effect, wee sundry times know and sée by Women found of a hot and moyst com­plexion, that appeare bearded: wee sée contrari­wise, that in the colde and dry men these (for the more part) haue very little or no Beards. By which reason we gather (saith the Phisiognomer) that the séemely Beard waxeth not in the gelded person: for as much as those parts haue then lost the benefit of their hotter qualitie through which, these should engender the hot humors and fumes, that properly are the matter of the haires in them. And by a like reason of the former wordes it ap­peareth: that the thicknesse of the Beard, and great hairinesse in general▪ is an euident note and iudgement of the substantiall heate and moisture, and of naturall strength consisting in that Crea­ture.

Héere may this argument also be propowned, that séeing Children are knowne to bee hot and [Page 149] moyst, why they waxe not bearded as men: to which the Phisiognomer thus answereth, that the smoky superfluousnesse, which is the especiall matter of the haires that issueth from the heade, & other parts of the bodye, dooth passe and serue for their increase and norishment. The l [...]ke affirmeth that singular Constantine.

Conceiue (saith the Phisiognomer) that how much the force and plenty of heat consisteth by so much more the quantity of haires succeeds in that person. For which cause, a man must carefullie be­ware of those which ouermuch abound in the store and plenty of haire [...]on the body, when the com­plexion of such is especially found adust.

Cocles willeth a man to beware of such which haue red beards, for that the said colour indicateth an aboundance of adustion, and a mighty hotnesse to consist in these creatures: thorough which, such are knowne to be [...]iurious, deceiuers, and liars: and in them (by report of the Phisiognomer) doe the principall heap of vices rest, vnlesse that grace and godly education, seeme otherwise to contrarie the same.

The beard decerned comly, and well fashioned, doth innuate such a creature to be of a good nature, of reasonable conditions▪ congruent to all thinges, and manured after his bringing vp. Contrariwise iudge of those which haue the bearde not séemely [Page] formed, or euill fashioned in the length, as appear thin the gelded persons, which after these are de­priued of their genitors, be then greatly chaunged from the nature of men, into the condition of wo­men, as reporteth Aristotle, in libro de Anima­libus.

Cocles obserued in sundry subiects, which ha­uing long and séemly beards, after certain [...] years, fell into a frensinesse, and some of them to be [...] foolish.

He further saith, that he knew sundry persons, which hauing very long beards, fell from good e­state, vnto oppressed miseries: yea, he also knewe certain noble persons, which [...] expel [...] [...] [...] ­tiue country of Italy. The like iudgement (sayeth the Phisiognomer) may in a manner be vttered of hoary beards, as aforesaide in the Chapter of the haires in generall, forasmuch as their nature is then knowne, to draw néere the Womans.

Of which, the Phisiognomer Cocles willeth the Princes, and noble person [...] him, to be­ware of such persons as wer a think & long beards, in that their faces then cannot bewray or open the passions of the minde, nor [...] changing or al [...]ing of colours, can perfectly bee discerned in these: so that their deceits, and coloured pretenses may bée couered and lie hid by that meanes. Yet do I not disallow the wearing of long and thick beards al­togither, [Page 150]

but that the same may lawdably & very well bee [...], without any such crime to bee found, and lying hid there vnder. For wel known it is, that sundry Realmes allow, and customa­bly weare long beards, as the Medians, the Gre­cians, the Germaines, and sundry other Coun­tries, through the generall influences of the Hea­uens, which procure or cause new conditions and alterations of apparrell, as the Phisiognomer ob­serued and noted of the force and effect of the great coniunction that hapned of the vpper Planets Sa­turne and Iupiter in his time: which thus mette [Page] togither in the yeare of our Lord, 1484. and in the last degrée of Scorpio, whose mightie effect in ge­nerall, continued vnto the yeare 1504. being the tenty day of June. To these, that feare ul Planet Mars, which bare sway with them for xx. years to­gether, denoted (as he reporteth) lamentable com­motions, bloody Battels, the euersion of king­domes hasty tumults of the people, new Kinges elected, conspiracies attempted, dissemblinges in­tended, wicked treasons procured, pittifull Bur­nings exercised, grieuous spoyles forced, the wak­ing of Countries attempted, with other gréeuous and lamentable matters long to report, &c.

THe throat cléere and white, whether it be lean or fat, argueth such to be vainglor [...]ous, feare­ful, enuious, lasciuious, prone to lying, congruent­ly wary and circumspect, yet very yrefull and long hating, if we may credit Michael Scotus.

The throat leane and thin, so that the vaines appear, argueth (after the mind of M. Scotus) hard fortune, to be fearful, sluggish, a grosse féeder, light­ly crediting, weake of courage, and conuertible ei­ther to good or euill.

[Page]The throat rough, denoteth an vnconstant per­son, a trifler, full of wordes, & presumpt [...]y tal­king, applied for the forme to the birds.

If the canell bone of the throate, with the sin­newes eminent, and lightly mouing withall, in­dicateth such a creature not only rash of his toong, but occupied in haughty cogitations. And when this person hath well filled himselfe with Wine, doth then mourne, and is also suspitious▪ prone to yre, and of himselfe by property a sad drunkard.

The canell bone of the thr [...]at séene eminent or bearing out, doth indicate a sluggish person▪ iniu­rious, and slowe in his actions, after the minde of the Phisiognomer.

The canell bone of the [...] well fashioned, and comely in fight, argueth strength, stoutnes of courage, nimblenes in actions, and indued (by re­port of the Phisiognomer) with wisedome.

COnceiue (saith the Phisiognomer) that the necke is sometimes [...]ake [...] and vsed for the whole, conioyned to the head, in the forepart, and [Page 152]

like in the hinder part. But this sometimes vsed and taken for the hinder part, in the Diameter or space, where the [...]ares are scituated: and this part of him is deuided into two partes. So that the part nearer to the head, is named the nape or hin­der part of the necke▪ that is, the top of the Necke behinde, where the beginning of the sinnewes is placed. Yea, the nape or hinder part of the Neck, is vsed or taken with some practitioners, for the whole necke, as héerafter shalbe alledged and vsed of the Phisiognomers.

But the Phisiognomers in their iudgements, doe distinguish the Neck, and Nape in the hinder part. For in the fore-part, they take [...] weasand, the throat- [...]le, and whole [...] [Page] the roote of the conioyned, according to the minde of the philosopher. The like words vttreth Isidore in libro 11. cap. 1. This named the necke in that the same is formed stiffe, and round as a piller to b [...]are vp the head: whose forepart of him, r [...]ned aptly the throat: and the hinder part not without good reason, the necke.

This singuler Isidore reporteth, that such a per­son hauing the necke formed bigge, not by reason of the fleshinesse, but thorough the bignes of the b [...]nes and sinnewes, is denoted strong of Bodie, applied for the same vnto the male kind, and acor­ding to the conditions of the spirite, in that the male after the kind, is knowne to haue a big and liuely necke: the lame neither short nor formed too long, which by agréement of the most Phisiogno­mers indicateth a hot quality and boldnes in that creature.

The second note séemeth to be, that such hauing the neck formed long and slender, are iudged to be feminine in conditions and weake [...] corage. The necke discerned big and liuely, as aforesaide, doth denote the strength of the Brain: and by the con­se [...]uent, a hotnes of the heart: as all men are like knowne in their kind.

The necke long and slender, signifieth the con­trary vnto the abouesaid, that is, the weaknes of body, and to be fai [...] hearted.

[Page 153]

Such hauing the necke formed big through a fleshinesse, and not by reason of the bignesse of the sinnewes and bones (as Rasis addeth) found hard and strong, and knowne to bée irefull, applied for the same vnto the apparant congruency of the irefull Bulles, prouoked or stirred to ire, which then haue such a forme and condition of the neck: and as Rasis addeth, such also are knowne to bee rash and hasty in their déeds.

The necke dererned sufficient big, not by rea­son of the fleshinesse, but through cause of the sin­newes and Bones, and sufficient long séene, are reported to be bolde, and stowte of courage: ap­plyed for the forme, vnto the stowte Lyon. This especiallie is verified, when the Head and Necke [Page] is orderly proportioned, in such manner, that the same be of a meane bignes, as the learned Conci­liatore and Constantine write.

The forme of the head, if the same shall be of a meane bignesse, and the necke formed somewhat bigge, doth indicate a goodnesse of the quality and disposition.

If the head shall be decerned small, & the neck séene bigge, doth denote the abundance of matter, and the superfluousnesse of the same: the lacke al­so of the Vertue performing, in the due propor [...] ­on. Such a heade (as certaine report) is manie times grieued with much pain, and the Cephalick passion.

The necke discerned very long and slender (as aboue vttered) is iudged fearefull, applied for the forme vnto the Hart, in that the Hart is knowne to be a beast very fearefull, and hath a verie long necke, and small formed, in the respect of his bo­dy and greatnesse.

Yet the necke formed slender and long and that he beareth it vpright in his going, dooth indicate not so much fearefulnesse to consist in that person, as aboue reported of the Hart.

The necke séene very short, doth innuate such a person to be a deceiuer and very crafty, applyed for the forme vnto the Wolfe. And this note héere taken of the apparant manner séene, both in men [Page 154] and beastes: in that a person minding subtiltie to set vpon another, whether the same be his enemy, or otherwise attempting vpon pleasure, doth then wilily drawe, and shrincke in the necke, for the more shortning of the same, that hee may not so soone be espied in the stealing vppon: as by alike we daily sée in the Cat, when she (with the necke shrunke in) stealeth by little and little on the Mouse.

Certain report, that the neck formed long, sig­nifieth the féet to be long, and the necke séene slen­der, doth indicate the féet to be slender.

The necke hollow behind, and déepe withall, doth denote a weaknes of the sinnewes and sick­nesses to ensue, according to the knitting of it in that creature.

The necke formed very fleshy, dooth witnesse such a creature to be a lyar, vsing filthy excesse: & a meane necke séene, doth indicate the goodnes of nature to consist in that creature.

The nape of the necke, next vnto the heade be­hinde, if the same be found hairy, doth inuate such a person to be strong and stout of courage, in that this note appeareth to be a hotnesse, consisting in that person.

The neck formed long, and hauing a meanesse in the proportion, dooth indicate mallice, and in­dignation to consist in that person. And certaine [Page] report, that such a creature to be a foole, weake of strength, fearefull, and full of words.

The necke big, with a certaine length, yet not very fleshy, denoteth a strong person, stout of cou­rage, a boaster, and proud, as Conciliatore repor­teth in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy.

The necke formed stiffe and strong, argueth yrefulnes, hastines, and vnapt to learne. The good disposition also of the mind & humanity, they say negatiuely to concurre vnto such an operation.

The neck with apparant sinewes, and il shaped doth witnesse by the report of the Phisiognomer) a foolish person and vnapt to learne.

The necke decerned so loose, that the same sée­meth to leane vnto the one side, dooth inuate such [Page 155] a creature to harme those, that are not able to re­sist, wilfull, and deceitfull, as the learned Conci­liatore reporteth.

Such that about the ioynt of the necke aboue, are séene ouer fleshy, be those which haue the knot bearing out, and the neck hardly mouing: and be also without feeling, to exercise the same orderly: yea, such are knowne to be dul, and vnapt to exer­cise good workes: yet these in the euill or wicked actions, and to do iniuries very prone & forward: as afore in another place the Phisiognomer obser­ued.

And certaine Apostates and Princes this Co­cles noted, that mooued their neckes neuer vnto the right nor left side, without the mouing of the whole body togither: and such were known to be double tongued, dissemblers, and very wicked. But such hauing the contrary to this, is of ano­ther disposition, that is, honest conditioned, and of gentle behauiour.

The necke formed long, with a largenes in the positure, denotes such a person to be yrefull, & vn­apt to learne, applied for the forme vnto the grun­ting Sow.

The necke bigge and fleshy, and short withal, doth argue such a person to be a foole, and a verie great féeder.

When a certaine bearing out shal be betwéene [Page] the knitting of the shoulder points, and beginning of the neck, that the growing out of the knottes be sharp: doth indicate such a Creature (for the most part) to be proud and arrogant: as the Phisiogno­mer Cocles noted many the like.

The necke declining or leaning vnto one side, doth innuate such a creature to be of a dull capaci­ty, and vnapt to learne.

The necke bearing too much vpright, doth ar­gue that creature, not onely to be vnapt to learne, but high minded, and selfe-willed: and one that will not be admonished of nothing he doth.

The neck decerned stiffe, and as the same were immoueable: doth like declare such a person, to be vnapt to learne, and vndiscreet in his doings, by which note (for the most part) such are knowne to be fooles.

The difference betweene the moouing and not moouing of the neck, is easily discerned: so that the neck appearing fast or stiffe, or quick mouing, doth witnesse the more foolishnes to consist in that crea­ture: but if the same appeare stiffe, and in a man­ner fixed doth demonstrate dull capacity, and the vnaptnesse to learne.

That you may not much erre, the Phisiogno­mer doth here discouer and open, that there bée some (which minding to hide this note) in them the rather to beguile the Judger: do vse customa­bly [Page 156] and oftentimes in the day, to rubbe and chase well their necks with a warm linnen cloth: wher­by these may moue and turne the head hither and thither, somewhat the easier in couering by such meanes their foolishnesse. As the like note the Phi­siognomer obserued in a certaine Cittizen of Bo­nonia, in Lumbardy, which Creature besides as he talked, many times smiled to himselfe. So that by this appeareth, that the stiffe turning of the necke, is a note of the proper foolishnesse to consist in that creature: by the report of the Phisiogno­mer.

The nape of the necke from the ioynt vnto the head decerned rough: dooth denote such a person [Page] to be very rude conditioned, and luxurious. But the white neck séen rough, doth signifie a dell [...]ne vnderstanding and rude wit: as Conciliatore re­porteth in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy.

The necke bending vpward toward the head, doth demonstrate such a Creature to be arrogant, stubborne in actions, and void of honesty: as the learned Conciliatore in his Phisiognomy vtte­reth.

When you shall decerne a loosenesse of the neck, with a certaine gathering of the Lippes vnto a laughter, and that the eyes appeare out of order in the rolling, with a certaine lightnesse of coun­tenance shewed, in the sitting or standing of the creature, and a trembling voice to [...] in him, doth not onely indicate an effeminate mind: but eui [...] conditions to consist in him, after the mind of the Phisiognomer.

The neck decerned bending toward the breas [...]: doth innuate such a person to be much encombr [...] with cares: yea, this creature [...] oc [...]upie [...] with niggardship, and sometimes mooued (with that euill vice) of malignity.

The necke al [...] varied (saith the Phisiogno­mer) according to the knitting of the other mem­bers in man.

The necke séene bowing downeward, as the learned Conciliatore (in his Phisiognomy) wri­teth, [Page 157] doth indicate a foolish person, a niggard, fro­ward at times, and knowne he is to bee neyther simple, nor of an vpright mind.

The neck decerned leaning vnto the right side, dooth denote such a person to be witty, or seemelie manners and conditions, and circumspect in the [...] that he attempteth or goeth about. But the Necke séene leaning vnto the left side, doth ar­gue such a Creature to bee currish or churlish, rash in his actions, and foolish: as the learned Con­ciliatore reporteth, in his Rubricke of Physiog­nomy.

The neck formed strong and very big, whether the same bee of length, and that this hardly tur­neth: doth innuate such a person to bee a gréedie proller, and gatherer of goods together, howsoeuer the same be.

The neck decerned crooking (after the breadth of the Bodie) as eyther from the right or the left side: doth denote such a Creature to be full of wordes, deceitfull, wily, and vnfaithfull: as the sa [...]e, the Phisiognomer Cocles obserued in ma­ny subiects. For which cause, this Cocles warneth a man, especially to eschew the fellowship & com­pany of such, which of nature are wry necked, and haue a drawing in, or narrownesse to be decerned betwéene the shoulder poyntes: in that these are knowne to be wicked persons, enuious, fraudu­lent [Page] and hypocrites: as the same, the Phisiogno­mer Cocles obserued in sundry of the obseruant brothers in his time, and in many Melancholicke persons.

The necke formed in a mean manner, both in the bignesse and length: doth demonstrate such a person to be strong of nature, apt to learne, and of a singuler wit: but these oftentimes are known to haue a subtill or crafty wit, and to be deceitfull.

[Page 158]HEre conceiue (saith the Phisiognomer) that such persons hauing the shoulder paints suf­ficiently distant from the knottinesse or spondile of the neck, which first appeareth aboue the sholders, where the sholder points or neck are continuated, and not to neare ioyned to it, are of a good nature, and hauing ripe or good senses, and by the conse­quent of a good vnderstanding. The Philosopher in Methaphoricis, vttereth a reason of this, say­ing: that the shoulder points being sufficiently so­luble, that is, sufficiently distant from the spondile or knottinesse: in such manner, that the space be­twéene them be equall: do denote that such indi­uiduates readily receiue, that is, easily the sensitiue motion. For these haue the note or sensitiue power easily moueable, that is, lightly reducible from the power, vnto the act of perceiuing. But such which about the spondiles of the necke appeare hidden: are noted to be persons lacking wit, forasmuch as these hardly (being soluble) which about the knot­tinesse are decerned weake, to receiue the motion of the senses.

The Shoulder pointes decerned sufficiently distaunt-asunder, doe denote such a Creature to bee liberall after Nature, applied for the same, vnto the decent apparancy and forme: for that liberality, aunswereth and agreeth to such a forms: and the like formed, are the Shoulder-points [Page] of the Lion, by the report of the Phisiog­nomer.

The shoulder points néere adioyning togither, do contrariwise signify niggardship, and vncour­tesie to rest in that person.

The shoulder points appearing sufficiently di­stant asunder, and decently spaced from the knot or ioynt of the neck, argueth such a person to be of a simple perseuerance and vnderstanding, and by the consequent knowne to be a dullard, as the ler­ned Aristotle writeth.

[Page 159]The Shoulder-points (after the minde of the Phylosopher) well brawned with an eminencie or bearing out of the fleshe, and these strong for­med, are applyed after Nature, vnto the Male­kind. Forasmuch as the nature of the muscle, is to possesse the ingendred hotnes strong, and of the reason of the heate is thus procured, to encrease the forme of the members, according to euery Di­ameter.

The shoulder-points discerned bigge and large in forme: doe indicate a hotnesse to consist in that creature. The strength of euery person consist­eth in the sinnewes and bones▪ for which cause, when the muscles are sufficiently formed Fleshy, then must néeds ins [...] a mighty strength, to con­sist both in the sinnewes and bones: of which, the spirit combyned in [...] an habitude [...] body, may well exercise, and att [...]mpt or do strange actions, if néede re [...]uireth.

Of which, Rasis reporteth, that the Shoulder-points discerned large, do indicate a strong person, of an honest mind, o [...] good conditions, and perfect vnderstanding.

The reason of this is, in that through y^e bredth of the shoulder points, the muscles are indicated to be large and strong: proceeding from a strong be­ginning, that is in the brain, wher the beginning consisteth of the sinewes, and the seate of the spi­rits. [Page] So that of necessity, the forme of the [...] must be [...]apeable to the retaining of the goodnes of the senses, as the Phisiognomer saith.

The muscles weak of strength, so as the shoul­der-points appeare flat, and (as it were) cou [...]ed with a softnes of flesh, argueth a flegmatick qua­lity of the contrary nature to rest in that creatu [...]: and if these appear without a softnes, they import the like quality, as saith the Phisiognomer.

Rasis reporteth, that the shoulder-points formed thin, indicateth the smalnesse of wit and vnder­standing.

[Page 160] Cocles reports▪ that he knew and saw sundry women in his time, which drew by Art, & through their bestiall in [...]ents, the shoulder-pointes so neare together, that they formed in a manner the like, vnto Os vontris, in the part behind: and they garnished or beautified these with Cosmeticall waters. This Cocles also noted sundry Italians, and fond French men, which he aptly nameth (by that by-word) Hermaphroditi, that exercised the like practise with their shoulder-points. A matter which séemeth in my opinion, incredible to be exercised of any faithfull Christian, but the Phisiog­nomer séemeth truly to vtter, what hee saw and knew in sundry places.

[Page]The bearing of the heads [...]f the shoulder points very faire out, doe denote [...]oolishnesse to consist in that creature: which manner, Aristotle reporteth vnto King Alexander, to be a note of rigorousnes and vnfaithfulnesse to dwell in that person.

The Phisiognomer Cocles vttereth of experience knowne, that hee sildome saw any person beeing [Page 161] crooke backed, which were of a good nature: but that these hauing the like bearing out, or bunche on the shoulders, were rather Trayterous, and verie wicked in their actions. And such (saith the Phisiognomer) were knowne in his time, to bee the founders of all wicked deceits, yea wily vn deminers and gropers of the people, and had a déepe retching wit, and wylie fetches, in wicked actions. So that it seemeth impossible after Nature, that such deformed persons should possesse in them law­dable actions, forasmuch as the spirite connexed in such an habitude, dooth yéelde a retrograde forme and property: which (saith the Phisiognomer) is knowne for the most part to bee Melancholicke. For which cause, a man ought carefully to beware and take héede, of fellowshipping or kéeping Com­pany with such vnfortunate personnes, for the abouesaide reason and Worke of Nature. For these (sayeth the Physiognomer) are the like to bée eschewed, as a man of skill would refuse and shun the companie of a person lacking any chéef or prin­cipall Member of the Bodie. And the like Aristo­tle (in secretis secretorum) saith, that a man ought verie diligently and carefully to beware of such an vnfortunate person, lacking any speciall member, as much as he would of his most dangerous Ene­mies.

The Prouerbe also warneth vs to beware of [Page] the creatures marked: and in another place, of the persons marked in any member, that a man trust not them. The reason is, for that the Spirits like insue vnto the forme of the body, so that out of an euill shaped body, can no lawdable actions proceed or be caused, as afore vttered: and this of him vt­tered Phisiognomically.

The Philosopher also vttereth, that the great number of Children liuing, is cause many tymes of the ill hap of Parents. For these lacking pro­uision, for their naturall sustenance, are caused to worke mischiefes not tollerable by lawe. For the Phisiognomer learned, and saw sundry times that diuers fathers of many Children, not able to pro­uide sustenance for them, were constrained throgh great néede to steale, through which practise exer­cised, their Children like endeuoured, for the helpe of their parents néede, and confessed a lyke matter at the place of execution. So that the Philosopher giueth or sheweth this, not as an in [...]orced precept, but rather pe [...]swadeth, that in the cause of a nece­ssitie, the same to be procured as a rule in miserie: which to the beholder may lyke appeare. And the Mother Philosopher Asculanus vttereth, a sum of the matter afore taught.

By which he concludeth, that no trust is to bée had, in those women and men, heing red of colour, and gogle eyed, or one eyed, and bunch backe [...] al­so: the reason is all [...]adged in the same booke, where he reporteth these wordes.

The Phylosopher Aristotle, in Methaphori­cis vttereth, that the shoulder pointes not in due measure formed, are noted to bée craftie and de­ceytfull: applyed vnto the passion, and f [...]minine kind [...]. But the shoulder pointes well proporti­oned in due measure, doe indicate a faithfull, iust, and strong person: yet the relation of the com­mensuration, must be reduced vnto the good mo­tion, and good necessitie, that is, vnto the good [Page]

complexion, which is caused of the good bi [...]th, and good forming of the nutritiue or formatiue vertue in that creature. So that this is to be reduced, nei­ther vnto the Masculine, nor feminine kinde: but rather to be applyed vnto the good or euill qualitie of the body.

The shoulder-pointes well formed, both in the length and breadth, doe denote a good disposition and nature, to consist in that Creature: after the minde of the Learned Conciliatour.

[Page 163]The shoulder-points discerned thin, in the com­position of nature, do signifie such an one to bee a niggard, couetous and fearful in attempts or En­terprises.

The shoulder points beeing formed vnequall, signisieth the vnequall actions of such a Creature: and dull of capacity.

The shoulder points being thin and leane, doe witnesse (as Michael Scotus reporteth) a weake person, féeble of courage, fearefull, not wel bearing or enduring earnest labour, lightly crediting, quiet of behauiour, and conuertible either vnto good or euill.

The shoulder points formed large and bigge, through the flesh, signifieth (as writeth Michaell Scotus) a strong person, faithfull, yet a niggarde, grosse of wit, féeding, simple, well enduring pain­full labour, féeding sufficiently, and willingly desi­ring quietnesse.

The Shoulder pointes appearing bended in­ward, doth intimate (after the minde and opinion of Scotus) such a person to be wary, sluggish, and after a manner ingenuous, secret, and an vnder­groper of men.

The Shoulder-pointes discerned flat lying, in a manner to the bodie, do signifie (as affirmeth Michael Scotus) a simple person, a niggard, La­borious, modest both in his talke and feeding, and [Page] quiet of behauiour: yet cre [...]yting lightly, and con­uertible eyther vnto the good or euill.

The shoulder points decerned vnequall, that the one be bigger or larger than the other: doo de­note a sluggishe person, of a grosse wytte, of a dull capacitie and vnderstanding, simple, grosse in fée­ding yea a nyggard, deceytfull, a betrayer▪ bolde, and hardly credyting: if wee maye credite Scotus in these.

The shoulder pointes séene farre bearing out, doe wytnesse [...]uch a person (as affirmeth Michael Scotus) to be of an open lyfe in his con­ditions: that is to say▪ vaine, simple, vnsta­ble, a lyar, enuious, bolde, vn­shamefast, and a brawler.

THe Armes so long, that the handes reache vn­to the knées, doe denote the subtilnesse of wit, arrogancie, and the desire to rule. Aristotle re­porteth, that these notes séeme to signifie bolde­nesse, honestie, with a liberalitie.

The lyke long armes some suppose, that the mightie king Alexander had. Nor it is vnlike to that, which the sonne of Zachari [...] affirmeth, [Page] that in some to argue arrogancie, and in othersome a desire to rule and gouern, and in both a boldnesse and stowt courage.

The selfe-same reporteth Albertus in de Ani­malibus, and in compendio suae Theologiae: and like Hieronimus de Manfredis, and the Learned Rasis. For that lengthening out, and longnesse of the armes, proceedeth of the great heat of the hart, with a moisture proportioned, which is the chéefest cause of the lengthning out: as may well bee com­prehended by the former Wordes of the Phisiog­nomer.

When such a length or longnesse is extended vnto the thighes or hammes, it doth intimate wic­ked conditions, and such as reioyce at other mens harmes, in that those persons are excéeding malici­ous and enuious. And some affirmeth (that this note) doth argue fearfulnes, also to be ignorant and a louer of discord.

Such which with a gréedie desire to meate, doe bring the mouth to the hands, being especially cau­sed through the shortnesse of the armes, and euill forme of the hands, not orderly wrought, are iud­ged to be wicked and enuious, for that enuy is the daughter of coldnesse and drinesse, the plannet Sa­turne engendring her.

The Armes thinne or slender, if they shall bee weake, doe witnesse a rude person, and vnapt to [Page 165] learne.

The armes bigge, through the bones, sinnues, and flesh, doe indicate a strong nature: and if the vaines appeare, it doth then declare a hot quality.

When the armes are bigge, with soft flesh, doe then demonstrate a womanly Nature.

The Physiognomers report, that the Armes verie hayrie, doe denote such a person to bee Luxu­rious.

Aristotle vnto King Alexander writeth, that when such a Person (whiles he talketh) mooueth the hands too and fro, is iudged enuious, a decey­uer, and one pleasant in words.

[Page]Such a person which refraineth mouing of the handes, whiles he talketh, is argued to be of a per­fect vnderstanding, well disposed of a singular wit and readie counsell, verie commendable: the rea­son doth the Physiognomer vtter in the Chapter of the Paces.

The perfect length of euerie person (after the minde of Albertus, in compendio suae Theolo­giae) in accounting from the top of the forhead, and beginning of the Crefi of the bead, vnto the sole of the foote: is noted to bee so much (these beeing of sound limbes and composition) as is the space dis­cerned betwéene the two ends of the middle Fin­gers, the armes right retched out.

The armes so long that béeing stretched out, reach to the knées, which seldome so hapneth, doth then denote such a person to be liberall, bold, high-minded, of a gréedie desire, weake of body, simple of wit, foolish, and vaine-glorious, as Writeth Michael Scotus.

The armes ouer short, in respect of the stature of the body, do signifie a contentious person, vn­thankefull, bold, enuious, prowd, foolish, and a niggard, as affirmeth Scotus.

The armes bigge, through the bones, sinewes, and much fleshe: do signifie a person sufficient strong, prowd, of a light cause presumptuous, en­uious, desirous of bewtifull things, and lightly crediting: as writeth Michaell Scotus.

[Page 166]The armes fatte and brawned, doe signifie a person vaine glorious, coueting pleasaunt things, and more foolishe than wittie, in the doing of things: as witnesseth Michael Scotus.

The armes very hearie, whether they be leane or fatte, and soft of flesh: doe argue a leacherous person, of a weake capacitie, weake of bodie, very suspicious, and craftilye malicious, as wryteth Michael Scotus.

The armes very naked of heare, do denote that person to bee of a weake capacitie, long angrie, lightly crediting, vaine, lasciuious, a lyar, lightly deceyuing, warie in the euill, and but weake of bodie: as affirmeth Scotus.

THe Regityue nature of the whole bodye for­med the hande, with the paulme long, and the fingers in séemely length, through the goodnesse of the matter regulated, as the like in many crea­tures appeareth: in such manner, that the same is sufficientlie prepared and formed vnto the doing of all workes, that is, to be wrought: and in ex­pressing the mightie force of the members, and [Page] singularity of the Wit, the Jests, and other skils in euery creature. This also formed of Nature, as a most strong helper, to reatch and take vnto it all such thinges which are needefull: so that this necessarilie and aptlye serueth, both to take and doe.

Isidore learnedly writeth, that this part is na­med the hand, for that the same is the officer and presenter vnto the whole Bodie: and is the same which presenteth and Ministereth Meat vnto the Mouth: which thus ministred, is after caried into all the parts of the body.

This Authour, nameth the Paulme to bee the hand, with the fingers stretched out, and the hand séemely drawne together, to be the fist of the crea­ture.

Those branches of both the hands, are properly named the Fingers, which in number are known to be ten, and decently matched or ioyned togither. For these we see (saith the Phisiognomer) that they both haue a perfect number, and a most de­cent order in their standing.

The proper names of these, and their Offices, shall heere briefly be touched: as first the same (so named the thumb) in that this among the others, re [...]dreth or giueth a vertue and power: the second [...] named the shewing or pointing finger, and the saluting: for that with the same, we in a man­ner [Page 161] salute all personnes, and expresse with it most matters. The third, properly named the infame or middle Finger, being the longest, which is much occupied about the lowe and clensing place. The fourth, aptly named the ring Finger, for that on the same, the wedding Ring is (most commonly) worne. The fi [...]t, rightly named the Eare-finger, for that with the same we daily empty and clense the eares, as is to most men knowne and exercised at this day.

The learned Formica writeth, and by diuers of skill well knowne, that it first behooueth a man, to learne and know the quantity of the hand: and af­terwards, the quality, substance, and condition of the same: inasmuch as the accident doth note and giue to euery skilfull person, a great perseueraunce and vnderstanding, both to know and pronounce what these tende vnto: as reporteth Aristotle, in primo de A [...]ima.

The bignesse and shortnesse of the Fingers, ar­gueth the paucity or smalnesse of matter, and a flegmaticke quality, and that nature could not dispose and guide: of which the spirits then be like to that nature. And of this such are noted foolish: and of the same minde, is Rasis, Conciliatour, and Pto­lomie the Phylosopher.

Formica writeth, that verie necessarie it is, to knowe, that the bignesse of the Hand doth some­tymes [Page] procéede of great labour: and for that cause▪ such which labour much, haue bigge handes. Yet these sometimes, are bigge of nature: and then caused through the bignesse of the bones, and si­newes. Such a person whether the same be man or woman, is naturally strong. The same some­tymes procéedeth, through the grossenesse of flesh▪ and then such are drunkards, leacherous, [...] (naturally) proude vile persons.

If any hath the handes bigge, and fingers (a­bout the endes of the nayles) sharpe [...] doe denote such a person to be deceytfull, and couetous.

Forasmuch as the Phisiognomer hath ex [...] ­sed, in this hande here vnder placed, the most [...] knowne: and giuen names to them in the Lat [...] tongue, with letters added to each, for a be [...] conceyuing, and knowing of them at any [...] I, of this occasion thought good, whereby (this [...] ­ligent trauaile of the Authour, might not appe [...] frustrate vnto our natiue Countrie men) [...] english all the lyues, there séene: and placed [...] in the forme of a briefe Table, with the letters [...] the Alphabet annexed to each lyne, that they [...] readier be founde and knowne in the saide [...] liuely figured to the eye.

The accidentall lynes, which eyther encrease, or diminishe the significations of the principall lynes: with all other lynes, and notes, that hap­pen in the hande, shall shortly be vttered in the great worke of Pa [...]lmestrie to come forth.

Of which is to be noted (after the minde of the Phisiognomer) that the fore finger, middle fin [...]er, ring finger, and eare finger, haue three ioyntes a péece, which (if in euery ioynt) happen but one line, suche a person shall sodensy die: as Actours write. But if there shall be two lynes equally distant, then is it a good note: for that these signifie an ho­nest and faithfull per [...]on.

If in the middle ioynt of each finger, shall bée onely one lyne, and in the other two ioyntes, two lynes: doe denote, that such a person shall leese one of his eyes: These hitherto Formica.

Ptholomie the Philosoph [...]r wryteth, that the handes bigge, and thicke skinned: doe denote a person, not contented in mynde.

The learned Rasis vttereth, that the handes nymble, and slender: doe demonstrate a singular witte, a good vnderstanding, and the subtilnesse of humors.

[Page]The handes flender and very long: doe argue tyrany and foolishnesse in that person.

The Philosopher Ptholomy affirmeth, that the hands of diuers colours, do demonstrate such a person to be leacherous and cruell: and the like do the slender fingers (more then is decent) denote foolishnesse.

The skilfull Formica reporteth, and the same a truth, that such a person▪ which hath the fingers ends broad, is iudged faithfull, and a good compa­nion.

Such a person, which hath the Table in the hand large, and the fingers slender and long, is iudged to be subtill in a naturall faculty, and apt or giuen to play on Instruments.

Such a creature which hath the Table in the hand narrow, and the fingers bigge: is aptly dis­posed and giuen to write well: and shall die of an impostume.

Such a person which hath the hands not ouer-bigge, nor ouer small, but well proportioned to the bodie, do denote such a person to be wel contented and quieted in all his accidents.

If any hath the hands small, the same creature is reported to be of a womanly nature in his déeds vnsatiable and hatefull after the kind, as now lo­uing, and now hating, so that seldome there is a­ny assured trust to be had in him.

[Page 170]If any woman hath manly hands, such a crea­ture hath a big midriffe, and big belly port intu­mescent: and such a one may lightly conceiue, yet bring forth no perfect childe.

If any haue big hands and fat, do argue such a person to be of a dull capacity and wit.

Such a woman hauing the like hands, doth er­nestly desire the l [...]rened a [...]t.

If any hath the hands slender, is denoted to be a person nimble, and ready in his [...]ings, and that he much delighteth in womens comp [...]y.

If any hath hollow Fingers, and those euill fashioned, and no, well ioyning together, is iud­ged to be a person prone to pouerty, and vncon­stant in his words, so that hee performeth little in deeds: as the same Physiognomer often times no­ted in one (named S [...]raph [...]us de P [...]is) a Physiti­on.

Such a one, who hath not his fingers standing close together, or not straight ou [...] lying▪ doth sig­nifie a miserable life, and pouerty to succéed. The reason of this is, thorough the euill proportion, which formeth not ther a good vnderstanding, but an euill and inoromate.

The fingers formed little, denoteth such a one to be dull, enuious, and a fool, after the agréement of Authors.

The learned Morbe [...]h (the Cardinall) in his [Page] paulmestry writeth: that the fingers long and slender, and well proportioned together: do argue an apt and ready wit, especially in handie crafts: yet do these demonstrate, an euill gouernement, through which ensueth, that such are miserable & poore. Vt in politicis patet.

If the Fingers shal be much or wide standing assunder, do denote pouerty and misery to insue to that person: as the same Physiognomer often noted, in such persons which begged from doore to doore.

Certaine report, that the fingers very short and little, doe denote such a person to bee strong and witty: which reason, seemeth not to the Phisiog­nomer, simply to be allowed.

The hands bigge, if the fingers b [...]e ouer short, do argue such a person to be an ouerthwarter, de­ceitfull▪ & a theefe, after the agréement of writers.

The hands crooked and slender, doe denote such a person to be a gluttonous feeder, and ful of words.

Certaine report, that the fingers euill propor­t [...]oned, as bigge and small, with the Paulme of the hands crooked, doe indicate an enuious per­son, a wretch, couetous, and a foole. The reason o [...] this is, forasmuch as the grossenesse doth indi­cate much quantity of the matter, and a little of the Naturall heate, not mightie to stretche out: [Page 171] through which the creature is denoted, to bee an earthly dry person, and rude, by reason of the o­uermuch drinesse: and he is iudged to bee a foole, through the lucke of naturall heate and moysture proportionable: and by the consequent, the same argueth him to be couetous, through the crooking of the hands.

Morbeth in his Paulmestry vttereth, that the woman hauing small handes, and bigge fingers at the ends, is iudged prone to luxury, and of a dul capacity.

A certaine Authour of a small Palmestrie re­porteth, that the Woman which haue a shorte paulme of the hand, in respect of the Bodie, shall be grieued with the harde deliuery of childe: and this onely caused, thorough the straitnesse of her 23u3rp2c1lp: which length is answerable to that length, which is on the backe of the middle finger nigh the first ioynt, comming by the Paulme, e­uen vnto Ra [...]cetta, or the wrist.

Or thus plamer, the length of this 2c1lp, is aunswerable to the iust space, which is from the roote behinde the middle finger: vnto the wreast of the hande: and this do4bl2d, is the iust mea­sure of r3h2toof, vt dicunt & recte.

A certaine writer (whose name the Physiog­nomer knewe not) reporteth, that the handes short, bunching out, and slender, doe denote [Page] such a person [...], and a gluttonous fee­der. The cause o [...] which matter is, the end of the sinewes which ( [...]rough a drinesse) is drawn togi­ther, and bow [...] inwarde, and thereof crooked or bunched out. Of which men crooked at the end [...] of parts▪ through the dayly excesse about fire, or by a sicknesse, these well and true reported: yea, these well drinke and e [...]te.

When the end of the little finger shall not reach vnto the vpper ioynt of the ring finger) vnlesse the same bee otherwise shortned of some accident) is then thought a perfect note of a Bastard: as the same Physiognomer hath noted in many, but this warily to be iudged.

If the Fingers bend at the Toppes, do denote such a person to be enuious and couetous, and such are crafty and false of promise, applied to the Ape. But when these bend inward, then the contrarie iudge.

If the Thombe bendeth toward the Fingers, and likewise the Fingers inclined towardes the Thum, do argue such a person to be couetous and malicious. And this disposition of the members proceedeth from the spring, vnto which it ensueth as is aforesaid.

The Creature, which of a Custome, vseth to hold the hand straite out, and the fingers (at length) stretched: is iudged to bee a person feare­full, [Page 173] full of words and vaine.

If any vseth to hold the hand most commonlie shut together, betokeneth such a person to be yre­full and hasty.

The fingers small and slender in a man, doe de­note him to be a foole: as certain of knowledge re­port.

If the Fingers be short and big, doe argue such a person to be bold and enuious: as Formica wri­teth.

When the fingers are well proportioned, of a comely forme and length, do indicate honest con­ditions in that person.

He which in talking moueth much, clappeth the hands, and hath many iestuees besides, is noted to be a faire speaker, enuious, and a deceiuer.

Certaine report, as that auncient Hermes, that the shaking or quiuering of the handes, in a healthfull yong man, doth demonstrate such a per­son to be soone angry. For this procéedeth of a­bundance of heat, and mouing forward of the spi­rites.

If this shaking or quiuering of the hands, shall be very strong, the same is a note of a corrupt qua­lity: and such a person is lightly angry, Melan­cholicke, desirous of many and diuers things, and malicious.

The hands hollow in the Paulmes, with a [Page] goodnesse and eminency of the Montes, and pro­portion of the lines: is an assured note of long li [...]e. But if contrary to this, you finde the hande: then iudge the contrary.

The Fingers of what forme so euer they bee, with the ioynts grosse or bigge, doe indicate mi­serie and misfortune, as the Physiognomer hath many times noted.

Héere conceiue that by the forme of the Fin­gers, a man may l [...]ke distinguish three Ages in euery creature, as the Physiognomer taugh [...] vs before, in th [...] Physiognomy of the lines séene in the forhead.

In holding the handes vpright and close toge­ther against the light, marke where anie open place appeareth, and at that age the misfortune of the creature shal happen. This maner of accoun­ting, must begin from the first ioynt of the fore & middle finger: in proceeding like, vnto the ends of the fingers: and on such wise, consider along from Finger to Finger where any open place is: for at that age, where the space signifyeth, shall the mis­fortune come: and on such wise, may the fortune & mis [...]ortune of the thrée ages, be known and found. If the closing or shutting together of the Fingers be whole, with a most comely forme of the ioynts, do [...]h denote a singuler fortune to that person, espe­cially if the annexed do answere the like.

[Page 173]The learned Albertus and Conciliatore write that when the Fingers be so full and rounde, that lifted vppe before the eye, a man cannot see be­tweene them▪ doe indicate a couetous person, and malicious.

If the Fingers stretched out, these bende to­ward the backe of the hand, do argue such a per­son to bee vniust, subtill, and witty, especially if the Fingers be slender.

If any, whiles he walketh, dooth of a custome, shut the thumbe within the fingers, is noted to be a couetous person, as the like the Physiognomer obserued in a certaine Lumbard.

The Fingers long, do like argue the length of the eares of the Liuer, and the bignesse of the Fin­gers, do like denote the largenesse of the eares of the liuer. But the smalnesse of them, as Albe [...]tus reporteth, doth like signify the eares of the Liuer to be little: the selfsame vttereth Auicen and Ga­len, in lib [...]o reg [...].

If any shall haue red hands, whither the same be man or woman, is of nature noted Sanguine and Luxurious, as writeth the learned Formica, and the same a truth knowne.

Ptholomie the Phylosopher vttereth, that the creature which hath the vpper ioynts of the Fin­gers grosse or bigge, and turning backewarde: doth denote, that if he shall then be rich, within a [Page] period, and a certaine time after to become poore: or else by some misfortune, shall be short liued.

The hands crooked in the length, is a note (as some Authors write) of sodain death: and this in sundry hath bin noted. Forasmuch as some are found to haue six fingers on one hand, as the two last toward the eare Finger: in like maner lined, yet in the greatnes diuers, the ioynts and Nayles séemely formed and proportioned through the goodnesse of the matter. And the first person which I saw and considered, before the presence of M. Iu­lius Vitalis, was a Jew, named Helias. After him many others, whose names for breuitie, the Physiognomer omitteth: and this person hee be­held in the City of Bononie. Thus briefely, the Physiognomer Cocles endeth this Chapter of the hande and Fingers: crauing pardon of the Reader, if the same be vnperfect­ly or superfluously han­dled.

[Page]

[Page]THe Prince of the laters Writers, both of Phi­siognomy and Paulmestry affirmeth, that the Nayles (and the same a trueth) are produced, or do proceed of the superfluities of the heart, in that the heart is found the nobler member of action: so that by them, is somewhat to be vttered.

Hee also reporteth, in differentia, 54. that the naile is a body extensed thinne, produced and cau­sed of the superfluities, and hardned on the fingers ends, for a speciall helpe to them being there scitu­ated, and groweth on the Fingers ends & Toes [...] as the heares, vttermost of the skin, do occupy on the body.

Also Auicen vttereth, that the nayles both on the Fingers and toes, were ordained in the endes of the [...]e members, the better to strengthen: for to take and holde thinges firmely, and to couer the flesh at the ends: which ioyntly being well mat­ched, giue a more strength. This well appeareth, in th [...]t if any of the small bones be lacking at the ends of any of the toes or fingers: then like doe the nailes, lacke at the endes of those members: as the same may euidently appeare, in any large scarre in the flesh, where after groweth no haires to be seene.

The manner also of the Originall and cause of those nailes, is proportionall to the production of the haires, through the grosser superfluities not [Page 175] so much adust.

The nailes plaine, white, soft, and thin, reddish and sufficient cleare, do indicate a singular wit in that person: and this is one of the Notes, which very seldome faileth, forasmuch as such nailes, do procéed of the best quality, as Albertus reporteth: so that the spirites which produce the Nailes, de­clared (from the heart) are cleare and thinne: thorough whose superfluity, are the Nails engen­dred.

The nailes rough and hard, doe denote such a person to be prone to the veneriall act: as the lear­ned Morbeth reporteth.

The nailes ouer short, do argue wickednesse in that creature. And the blacke, small, and bending nailes, do argue impudency, compared to the gree­dy catching fowles. These also after the minde of the Physitians, with a leannesse of the Fingers, do witnesse a consumption of the body.

When the nailes fall off without cause, doe threaten the Leapry to come, or neere at hand, as the learned Conciliatore vttereth.

The Childe borne without Nayles, or hauing them but weak, doth witnesse the mother to haue vsed the ouermuch eating of Salt, as witnesseth the Philosopher Aristotle, in septimo de natuta animalium. cap. 4.

[Page]The nailes in the middle, déep, grosse, or big and thicke, do denote a rude person, and knowing lit­tle, especially if the flesh about the Fingers ende [...] be high and grosse.

Ptholomy the Phylosopher reporteth, that th [...] Nayles long, do signifye pouertie to that Person and to liue in bare estate or Begge [...]ie, all his lif [...] time. The same is confirmed of Pontius Galli­cus.

Certaine Authors affirme, that whose nayle of the fingers of the left hand, grow faster then th [...] right, witnesseth pouerty: the like if the nailes [...] without colour.

I much maruell (sayth the Physiognome [...] that all the legitimate authours doe affirme: th [...] the white prickes in the Nailes, to signify happ [...]nesse and friends, which (as it should séeme) hat [...] many times bin obserued and noted, and iudg [...] of the Physiognomer by the order of the Finge [...] as thus, the white prickes seene in the Sunn [...] Finger, do signify [...]he encrease of honor, worsh [...] offices, and friendship with Noble persons, &c. [...] reason of this is, forasmuch as these denote a [...] humour, and benigne, presupposing there a [...] quality and vnderstanding: of which, a good [...]cretion and courtesie ensueth: so that such perso [...] through the same, doe attaine friends, and co [...]mended of many. The like prickes found in [...] [Page 176] little finger, do denote friendship with the Mer­curians: and that Mercurie to be well proportio­ned, and verie strong, in that place about, & simi­lia.

But the blacke prickes séene in the nailes, and chiefely in the middle Finger, do argue harmes, persecutions, imprisonment, and all kinds of de­triments that may happen vnto any: as the same the Phisiognomer vnderstood of a certaine friend, which noted the like in many persons. And these he reported to like succeede, according to the diuer­sity of the Fingers: forasmuch as the misfortune and losse of riches, happened after the positure of them on the Fingers.

But some Authours report, that these doe in­dicate hatred. The reason of this is, thorough the excesse of the dry Melancholy, which then aboun­deth: and lacke of the Naturall heate, which fay­leth. So that the blacke prickes of the nailes, doo alway demonstrate, that the colde Melancholye, and an earthly drinesse to ensue. Yet it séemeth to me (saith the Physiognomer) that experience may contradict the same, séeing I haue alwayes séene (saith he) that the blacke and white pricks on the Nayles doe come and goe away within a fewe dayes: and that these to be caused, of determinate effectes: which otherwise, cannot proceede or bee caused, but through the Periode and course of the [Page] Planets, in certaine yeares and months, as shall appeare in many places of the Phisiognomy of the Planets, to come forth.

THe Philosopher (in libro de regimine princi­pum) reporteth, that the sence▪ which consist­eth in the hand, is the tactiue or palpatiue vertue, and the course of them resteth in the heate & colde, rough and soft, moisture & drith. And it is a Uer­tue contained betweene [...]wo skinnes, of which, the one is in the vpper [...]ace of the body, and the other, in the same which belongeth & cleaueth vnto the flesh: so that when eache of these sences is attai­ned, which God by h [...]s mighty Uertue, hath Mi­nistred to this kinde. Thinne Skinnes so light as the Spiders Web arise, and come from the roote of the Braine: and are a fine scarffe a [...]d thin Cur­taine to this kind: insomuch, that when the same is presented, which each sense hath: and the same commeth vnto those skins, wh [...]ch are in that sub­stance of the braine: the passages then of al the sen­ces are gathered with the immaginatiue Uertue, which representeth these to the cogitatiue Uertue, which consisteth in the middle of the braine: tha [...] [Page] it may beholde these, and both gather and studie in the figures and examples of them, that it may [...] know in them the nociue and inna [...]ue, and that the same may ve wronght according to measure, which procéedeth or commeth to it of them. And as Auerro is (in de sensu & sen [...]ato) vttereth that the féeling is flesh: and is proper to al instruments of the senses: this considered, that these nothing possesse of all the senses in the acte of them, which they properly comprehend, but the instrument of feeling: which is compowned of the qualities, which it comprehendeth: and for that cau [...]e doth this not comprehend, but the intensed matters, through his temperament: and for the same rea­son, how much, he temperater the flesh shall bée founde, so much the more doth it comprehende the simple qualities, as heate, colde, dryth, and moy­sture. For these doth man enioy farre aboue other liuing creatures, and is of féeling better and sensi­bler, which especially is decerned by the hande (as the flesh of the paulme) and the flesh especially of the fore finger. But the tongue (at the end of it) hath not taste in the act: and for that cause, when the same is imbybed and filled of certaine humors, the taste then is corrupted: and like is to be con­ceiued of the instruments, of the other senses. The selfe same vttereth Albertus (in libro de anima) where he willeth to conceiue that the skinne is wo­uen [Page 178] with sinewes very small, and with heary veynes contained within the same wouen, with which the Lyuer, and bowels are wrapped: that these may defend them from outward harmes: and for this, the skinne in beastes, is very thick, and hearie. For that the same hath not any protec­tion or outwarde defence: but the skinne in men is thinne. For which cause it is protected and suc­coured by garments, from winde, colde, and raine. Séeing the skinne compowned of the sinewes, is naturally white: for that cause is the propertie of the sinewes procured, that the same retcheth out and draweth in, and is white in colour: but the rednesse of bloud, passing by them, appeareth to the eye. So that whose colour of the hande or face is white or redde (as Phylemon vttereth) and of a good féeling: doe denote the faithfulnesse of mind, constancy, and truth: and this confirmed, if a com­mensuration or comelinesse of forme consist in the other members. These hitherto vttered of féeling, shall héere suffice.

THe backe bone great, that is, in the length and bredth, doth argue strength of the creature: and the royall members to be strong, and natu­rall heate mighty, as afore vttered: especially when the ridge or backe bone is musculous, and with­out [Page] a softnesse of flesh decerned, is for the same ap­plyed, vnto the Masculinity. But if the back bone be found narrow, and compassed with soft fleshe, that person is iudged of a feminine action: foras­much as the rest is narrow, & the royall members féeble in heate: and their actions are knowne weake, and féeble in conditions, yea these haue a dead minde or faint courage, applyed vnto the fe­minine kinde. Of which Rasis reporteth, that the largenesse of the back bone, doth argue such a persō to be strong, arrogant, and furious in yre.

The backe bone narrow, and couered with soft flesh, doth denote such a person to be effemi­nate.

The crookednesse of the backe, doth intimate the wickednesse of conditions: but an equallity of the backe, is then a good note. These hitherto Rasis.

The learned Conciliatore vttereth, that the back bone large, and well brawned, and strong of bones, is applyed to the man kinde: and in the contrary manner to the woman kinde.

The back bone crooked, if the same be couered with soft flesh, and slender in the gyrting place: doth denote such a person, to excell in naturall guiftes, and to haue very great pleasure in hun­ting. Yet some affirme, that the crookednesse of the backe, to declare the wickednesse of condi­tions.

[Page 179]The thinnesse of the backe, doth denote that person to be of a contentious nature, and spitefull.

The back large and vnextensed, doth denote strength, arrogance, and the vehemencie of a strong yre.

The neather part of the back bone, if the same lyeth broad to the buttocks, & be compassed with a soft flesh, doth indicate an effeminate person, compared to the woman. But if the same appea­reth long, and shall ende sharpe at the ende, doth argue wantonnesse vnto the veneriall act, yet with a temperancy and fea [...]efulnesse. Such also hauing a great, large, and strong ioynted back, are repor­ted strong: & econtra. But broad, thinne, nar­row and flati [...], doe indicate weakenesse. These hitherto Conciliatore.

Certaine report that the backe bone hearie, leane, and very much eleuated or bearing out, frō the equallitie of partes: to denote such a person to be vnshamefast, malicious, rude, of a dull capaci­tie, weake of small labour and sluggish.

Whose back bone is decerned bigge, and fatte, doth argue such a person to be variable, sluggishe, and very craftie, or full of deceite.

The backe bone thinne, long, and leane, doth signifie such a person to be weake, of a light cause fearefull, vaine, contentious, and very light of be­liefe.

[Page]The backe bone from the shoulder points, vn­to the girdlestéede, when it is short, and suf [...]icient broade: doth denote such a person to be hasty in the venerall action, as the Phisiognomer often­times noted in sundry persons. Here conceaue that the backe bone, is mente and reckoned from the shoulder points, vnto the gyrdlesteede.

Of which, is to be noted, that the backe bone be large, doth then argue the breast, the ribbes, & flanckes to be large, and of necessity it ensueth that the composition of Nucha, & the neck to be strong with a decent forme of the head. And the inner members haue their receptacles great, and the knittings of the motiue sinewes, are of a due pro­portion. Et econtra contrarium denotatur. By the loynes (the ingenious Phylosopher Aristotle meaneth) from the gyrdlesteede, vnto the begin­ning of the buttockes. So that when the same place hath a largenesse, doth argue strength in that creature: through the plentie of mus­cles: and such are delighted in the hun­ting of beastes: and applyed to the Lyon, and Greyhound in the forme.

THe breast is that part, which containeth the spirituall members: for that in it are certaine partes containing, and certaine contained. The partes containing are f [...]wer, that is, the fleshe▪ the brawny part, the pappes, and the bones. The partes contained are eyght, that is, the hart, the lungs, the pannycles, the ligaments, the sinewes, the veynes, the arteries, and Hysophagus.

The Phylosopher Aristotle vnto King Alex­ander vttereth, that the largenesse of the breast, and bignesse of the shoulders, and back: doe ar­gue such a p [...]rson to be honest, bolde, of a ready vn­derstanding and witty.

The worthy Conciliatore reporteth, y^t when the [...]eather part about the veysande, the shoul­ders, and breast, shall be euill distinguished and flatte: doe signifie the rudenesse of witte, and foo­lishnesse: and that such a person not to be apt, to attaine any speciall handy craft,

When the weysande beneath, shall be farre dystant from the shoulders, and large: doth de­note such a person▪ to be of a féeble courage.

The weysand being a meane, doth then argue [Page] such a person, to be honest conditioned▪ and strong. These hytherto Conciliatore.

Here conceaue that the weysande appearing emynent, and large, doth denote an effeminate person, especially if he be double chinned.

The breast large, and well proportioned, with the other parts large, is a most perfit and true note to be conceiued in euery creature, forasmuch as this largenesse of the breast, is proper to man.

The breast thinne, and weake compowned, doth argue a weake courage and will, after the minde of certaine Authors.

The breast thick couered with fleshe, doth de­note such a person to be vngratefull, as the Phy­siognomer reporteth.

Whose breast is mightily bending in, and that the Muscles so procéeding, that through these are caused (lyke to an hollownesse) doth denote a per­uerse person and wicked. When this is bery emy­nent, the heart of such a person is hote, of a small vnderstanding, and dayly wéepeth, or singeth.

Rasis affirmeth, that the qualitie of the heart, if it shall be hote: doth argue the pulse to be quicke mouing and often, and the breath fast.

Much heare séene on the breast, and thick, and that in the féeling the same perceiued hote: such a qualitie of the heart, doth demonstrate that person to be bolde, sturdie, and very yrefull.

[Page 181]The composition of the body, both in the big­nesse and smalnesse, is to be considered: for that the same demonstrateth the qualitie of the heart.

So that the breast formed big, doth argue pro­perly the hotenesse and bignesse of the heart: and this the more confirmed, if (with the same) the head appeareth small, or that it be not big: which i [...] i [...] shall so be, a man néedeth not to haue regarde vnto any other signes.

In like manner, the breast formed small, and the head appearing seemely, or but meanely big: doth demonstrate by that reason, the smalnesse of the heart, and coldnesse of the quality in the creature.

If the bignesse of the breast, appeareth to aun­swere vnto the bignesse of the head: or y^t the smal­nesse of the breast shall be proportionally [...]ormed to the smalnesse of the head, then ought a man to haue regard vnto the other notes.

The colde qualitie of the heart, doth procure a weake pulse, and [...]eeble breath: through which the breast is caused to possesse fewe heares on it, and those but small: so that the breast by the meanes, is [...]ound colde in the féeling. The per [...]on being of such a qualitie is noted fearefull, and sluggish.

The quality drie, hath a hard pulse, and is tho­row [...]ut the body brawned▪ & swartish of colour.

The breast also thinne of flesh, but the veynes appa [...]aunt, and hearte of bodie, and the skinne both [Page] thick and harde

But the moyst complexion, doth cause a soft pulse, the breast naked of heares: the fleshe also softe and gentle: and such a person is noted effemi­nate.

The complexion or qualitie hote and dry, causeth a hard and quick pulse, and the same often: and engendreth much heare both thick and stiffe, on the breast, and on the thighes. The breath also out of the same qualitie, proceedeth both great and often: and the whole body besides is in the feeling decer­ned hote and brawned, and the veynes apparant. The person being of this quality, is noted yrefull and obstinate.

But the qualitie decerned colde and moyste, worketh the contrary to these aboue vttered: these hytherto the wordes of the auncient Rasis.

To come vnto the matter and purpose (saith Cocles) that is, when the breaste is sounde well compowned, and orderly formed, doth indicate strength, manlinesse, boldnesse, the others lyke, and aunswering, which properly belong vnto the man, as the Philosopher Aristole meaneth: and such a habitude ought not to appeare much fleshly nor so soft in the feeling, as the softnesse of the wo­man.

The like wordes vttereth, the singuler Phy­sitian Galen: that the bodye appearing not ouer [Page 182] fatte, nor ouer leane, and continuing the like: doth argue such a person to liue long: yet the body decerned rather leane then fatte, is the more com­mended, and doth liue longer: after the agréement of the learnedst Phisitions.

The veynes of fatte bodyes, are euermore de­cerned narrowe: whereof such appeare to haue but a weake and small breath, and little bloud consi­sting in the speciall partes of the body. Of which, such growing elder in yeares, are reported to be short liued: and to be abreuiated life, thorow a fewe, and these small accydences to insue.

[Page]When any considere [...]h a subiect, let him first (saith the Phisiognomer) marke the condition of the breast, after the forme of the head, and other members of the body. For if the breast be for­med large, and bearing out, and the head seemely bigge, with a shrrtnesse of the neck doth then indi­cate the hotnesse of the heart, so that there appea­reth a nakednesse of heares: which after nature doth proceede, through a largenesse of the powers consisting in that creature, that properly cannot retayne the matter of the heares: or else of the oc­casion, that the straightnesse of the passages be so narrow and close, that these let the issuing forth of the heares, after the due propertie and course of nature.

As touching the leane bodies after nature, these are in a contrary manner formed to the fatte: for as much as their principall members are knowne to be open, and able (by the report of the Phisiognomer) to indure but small matters, and traueyles. But the persons knowne of a temperate qualitie, and dieting themselues dain­tilye, or rather after discretion, that these may so ware fatte: are by that meanes procured, that their veynes and arteries are caused strong, and indure large. Of which, their heate (by that rea­son) is not so soone extinguished: as the singuler Phisition Galen vttereth. So that such an habi­tude [Page 183] with the Phisiognomer, is accounted lawda­ble, and this generally ment in all the body.

Here conceaue (saith Cocles) that the heart in man, is cause of all the workings, if the principall members are duly formed: of which, the good­nesse and m [...]lice of minde insueth, according to the positure of [...]iuers partes in the creature.

The contrary of this is to be iudged: when as the neck is long, the breast large, with a much quantitie of heares▪ as in sundry places afore vtte­red.

The thinnesse of flesh on the breast, with a due proportion of the other members: doth argue hot­nesse of the heart, and by the consequent, a war­like boldnesse: as appeareth in the chollericke. And as the like, by the former words afore may be gathered.

Of which, the authority of Flauius Vegetius witnesseth, that the young man fitte to be trained vp in the warres, must haue a quick, & ready eie, an vpright necke, large breasted, the shoulders, brawned, or fast of fleshe▪ the handes and fingers strong, with longer armes, after the forme of the body, a meane belly, the legges sufficient fleshie, and strong sinewed, and rather meane, than tall of stature: for that a strong and hardie Souldiour, is more to be preferred, than a tall and big person. And of this diligent héede must be giuen, to the [Page]

proportion of the membres.

¶ The forme of the pappes is to be considered: which (as it is written) are compowned of white flesh, hauing many kernels, and little holes like to a spunge, through the veynes, arteries, & sinewes: and of this, they be ioyned with the heart, the li­uer, and the braine, with the generatiue mem­bers.

If the pappes of any woman séeme to hange [Page 184]

downe, (in a manner) like to the womans, and compassed with soft fleshe, doe denote effeminacy, and intemperancy.

The Philosopher Ptholomie reporteth, that hée (which on the left side, of the breast) hath a bigge fleshie Mole, high out, and round, with one, or many heares on it, doth then promise the in­crease of riches and honour. This experienced of [Page] Pontius Gallicus, & of the Phisiognomer Cocles.

Such women which haue bigge pappes, and short: are denoted sluggish, and rammish of smell, as some affirme.

Such women which haue no veynes, appea­ring on the breasts, are vnfitte to giue suck vnto Children: For that such a positure doth argue a flewmatick, and an inordinate matter. Such wo­men also are of a rude nature, and beastly: & giue suck with paine, through some gréeuous accidence.

The pappes of (a meane bignesse) not soft, and the veines apparant, and straight o [...]t: doe argue a good milche Nurse: especially if her skin be swar­tish in colour.

The pappes small and leane, or slender tho­rowe drynesse? doe denote such a woman, to bée weake of body.

When the pappes begin to arise, then doe they denote, that (such shortly after) to be prouoked vn­to the veneriall acte.

The pappes sufficient bigge, and full (after Galen) doe argue a perfit digestion.

THe ingenious Phylosopher Aristotle doth Phisiognomate of the noblenesse of the part [Page 185] of the breast, which commonlye is decerned be­tweene the breastes. The same properly named Methafreton, where frenes and the Midriffe con­sisteth: and this is a pellicle, deuiding the region of the naturall members, from the region of the nutritiue: which through a like deuision, is the same named the Midriffe (as it were parting or deuiding in two) and knitte or fastned, to the back bone and breast, in the compasse of the breast, ha­uing a circuler forme.

This hollow place of the breast, is here ment of the Phisiognomer, where the heares common­ly grow on men, and right against the Midriffe.

The person which hath this part of the breast, appearing big, sufficient fleshy, and brawned: is (of the Philosopher) noted strong according to na­ture, and applied of him to the male kinde.

The creature which hath this part appearing weake, not fleshie, nor brawned: are denoted fee­ble▪ and weake after natuere, and applied for the forme, vnto the female kinde.

Such a person which ha [...]h this part so bending in, through the méeting there of the muscles, right against the furcle of the two semi [...]rcles, méeting at it that they cause there a déepe holownesse or pit in the middle of the same: doth denote such a per­son to be euill conditioned, and not to fellowship withall, rude, and of a disdainefull nature. But [Page 186] the manner of his disdaining, he couereth and hi­deth, for that he is close minded, as touching his malicious stomacke: which he subtilly cloaketh, by his dissembling wordes.

The Phisiognomer Cocles, noted a certaine husbandman in his time, which had the Metha­phrenon so hollow standing in, that a man might well haue hidde, the whole fist in the same: who he diligently noted and knewe to be euill conditi­oned, especially a wrangler, contentious, and dou­ble tongued.

He which hath this part appearing eminent, is noted to be very yrefull: in that the bearing out of this part, procéedeth thrugh the ouermuch heate of the hart, and of the same cause is mooued, to bée very yrefull, as reporteth Galen in Libro Tegm, and through this yrefulnesse caused to be forgetful of himselfe, vndiscréete, and vnaduised of that hée doth: and applyed for the nature and property vnto the Horse, for that the horse hath such a forme of the breast, and is of a vehement fury, as Ari­stotle vttereth.

This part consisting a meane, in the hollow­nesse, that is, the Methaphrenon, neither to high bearing out, nor to déepe formed inward (as the breast plate of a harnesse) is a laudable note, af­ter the minde of the Physiognomer Cocles: and such a person, saith he, is knowne to be of a tempe­rate [Page] quality, and well conditioned.

The selfe same vttereth Conciliatore, and the like taught in the Chapter of the signification of the breast.

HEre the Phylosopher doth skilfully instruct a man to Phisiognomate by the disposition and forme of the ribbes, and learnedly vttereth certaine notes of these.

The first note is, that such creatures which are decerned to be well ribbed, be accounted (after skil knowne) to be strong: and applyed for the forme, vnto the male kinde.

But such séene and founde weake ribbed, are denoted feeble of strength (after nature) applyed for the forme, vnto the female kinde: which are knowne (saith the Philosopher) to haue but small and feeble ribbes, and weake muscles.

The Lyon (of all beastes) is the strongest, and perfitest compowned in his partes: yea he for the proper composition, néerest agréeing vnto mans forme. The discription of whose forme, the lear­ned Aristotle Artly vttereth, in this manner.

That he hath a mouth sufficient great, the face formed square, and not very bony: the vpper [Page 186] Jaw equally hanging downeward, the nose more grosse then small, the eyes hollow standing, and very round, nor to much protensed: but the mea­nesse moderate, the ouerbrowes sufficient great and broade, the forehead formed square, and in the middle of it, somewhat hollow denting in, vnto the ouerbrowes, and nose: vnder the forehead, the same as a cloude consisting: but aboue on the fore­head neere to the nose, hauing the heares appea­ring inclined: the head in a meane manner formed: the necke of a good and séemely length, and the same grosse and innodated: the heares in colour yealow, not plaine, nor much crisped: the partes which are cituated next the ioynts of the shoulder poynts, well proportioned and spaced, rather than néere conioyned: the shoulder points appearing strong, and the breast iuuenile: the Methaphre­non also appearing large, and the backe sufficient­ly compowned: the hips or haunches appearing not fleshie: the thighes and shanckes strong for­med, and well sinewed: the whole chyne of the backe throughout compowned strong: the whole body (of knowledge) decerned to be well brawned, and sinewed, and not sounde very moyst: the pace that the Lyon treadeth, is knowne to be neither swift, nor very slowe: In pace also he walketh stately, and moueth the shoulder points, as the trea­deth. Such a condition of the mans body, formed [Page] according to these, is denoted laudable, and to bée strong, and such persons like formed after nature, are knowne to giue fréely, and to be liberall, yea stoute of courage, louing and coueting victory, gentle of behauiour, and iust in dealing, louing besides these, with which they associate: these he­therto Aristotle.

Such persons (saith the learned Conciliatore, in his Rubricke of Phisiognomy) which are strong and well ribbed, be denoted liberall, and frée of giftes, bolde, desirous of victory, gentle in beha­uiour, iust in actions, and louing well those, with which they fellowship. And applyed for the forme, vnto the Male kinde: in that the same hath great ribbes, through the largenesse of the breast, and bredth of the backe: which properly procéedeth, of the nature of heate. Forasmuch as the nature of heate (as afore vttered) is to encrease and dilate the forme of the members.

Such persons which are founde weake and small ribbed, are knowne of experience to be féeble of strength, and after nature, applyed vnto the fe­male kinde.

Such persons which appeare to haue the ribbes much couered and compassed with the great quan­tity of flesh, that these séeme swolen or puffed vp withall: are argued to be full of ydle wordes, and foolish in actions: as both Almansore, and Conci­liatore [Page 188] report. And for the like forme, aptly ap­plyed vnto the Oxe, and Frogge, hauing such con­ditioned ribbes.

The ribbes of the woman formed narrow, and the flancks like: are especially caused, through the lacke of naturall heate in that creature.

The auncient Rasis vttereth, that the smal­nesse, and thinnesse of the ribbes: doth innuate in that creature, the debility and féeblenesse of co­eating.

THe Philosopher Aristotle doth Phisiogno­mate, by the quantity of the partes, which are betwéene the nauill and necke, and the mouth of the stomacke: saying on this wise, that such per­sons which haue the same space larger, which is from the nauill, vnto the bottome and ende of the breast: than that consisting from the end of the breast, vnto the neck: are iudged gluttenous, and of a dull perseuerance. The reason (why such are reported to be gluttons) is, for that such haue a big [Page] belly, and great stomacke: and a great stomacke (saith the Philosopher) requireth much meate or foode, by reason of the great quantity, and not of the quality: of which, these (by an earnest desire) couet, to eate much meate. And such are knowne to be of a dull vnderstanding, and perseueraunce, through their mighty filling of meate, more then needeth: which, of the same, procureth weake sen­ses in them.

But such a creature which hath the space consi­sting from the nauill vnto the breast lesser in dis­tance, then the same which is from the breast, vn­to the necke, hath (by the report of the Phisiogno­mer) a great or large stomacke: the stomacke héere ment, for the proper belly: of which this person is knowne (of obseruation) to be weake of body, and short liued. The reason of this is, in that the bel­ly, or rather the stomacke consisteth colde, through the smalnesse of the same of which, this ventricle or stomacke (saith the Phisiognomer) doth not or­derly and well digest, but rather ingendreth su­perfluities in it: and of the same, such are prone vnto diseases or sicknesses; and to be short liued. And the multitude of sicknesses procured in that creature, are occasioned and caused through the in­tensed hotnesse, which the same purchaseth▪ and by the meanes of the bowels, and other members neere placed: that hastily draw from the stomack, [Page 187] the meate by a force vndigested.

The learned Aristotle also vttereth, that when this space aboue described, shall be decerned equal, such a positure and condition of the like, is com­mended highly of him: for that this argueth, a due proportion of the members, contayning in them an apt, and good digestion in that creature.

But a contrary to these (aboue vttered) doth Aristotle report, that such persons which haue the partes from the Nauill downewarde (as vnto the belly) larger appearing, then the partes which are consisting vnto the breast, as vnto that named (Pomum granatum) are denoted féeble, and weak persons of body: and of likelyhoode to be short li­ued, for the reason and cause aboue reportes.

Such persons which haue that space larger, consisting from the ende of the breast, vnto the necke: then that extended from the Nauill, vnto the point or ende of the breast: such (after the minde of the Philosopher Aristotle) are denoted strong, witty, and of a ready vnderstanding.

Guilielmus Nurice in his Phisiognomy repor­teth, that the like wordes (in a manner) to be vt­tered of the singuler Aristotle, where he writeth, that when the partes consisting from the Nauill downewarde, shall be decerned larger then these, which are appearing from thence vnto the breast: are iudged to be weake of body and short liued.

IF the (Hypocondria) or inward partes so na­med, shall be decerned harde in the féeling, and sufficiently or well compowned with bones: doe witnesse the Masculynity: and that such persons to be fierce, cruell, and quarrellers, or fighters: as the auncient Palemon, Albertus, and the lear­ned Conciliatore vtter. Such Hypocondria (doe certaine report) that the worthy Plato possessed: yea the like creatures (as Albertus and Concilia­tore report) are applyed vnto the fierce Lyon.

But if these partes (named Hypocondria) shall be decerned to be couered with a soft fleshe: these then (saith the Phisiognomer Cocles) doe denote an effeminate minde, and womanly cou­rage to dwell or consist in that creature: and the lyke affirmeth Conciliatore, in his Rubrick of Phisiognomy.

Such which shall haue these partes weake bo­ned, and wrinckled, and compassed with a thin­nesse of fleshe, like vnto the Hypocondria of the Ape: are of the Philosopher iudged wicked of be­hauiour, [Page 190] and full of shrewde or euill turnes: ap­plyed for the like condition and forme vnto the Ape.

THe Philosopher Aristotle doth héere instruct, how a man may Phisiognomate by the habi­tude of the belly: in that the belly is knowne to be the same, which receiuing the meate (as Isidore reporteth) doth throughly digest it, and conueieth the excrements forth, that be superfluous, for which cause, this of nature formed, bearing and appearing outward.

Such which are sufficient fatte about the bel­ly, that is, well brawned, and that the belly beare not to much outwarde: are denoted strong after nature, applyed for the forme, vnto the male kind. And such a condition of it, is reported to be natu­rall: so that the composition of the belly (after the minde of Constantine) is formed fleshlie after na­ture, yea hotte, and moiste: and this, through the occasion of digestion properly. Of which Rasis vttereth, that such creatures which possesse bigge bellies after nature, are noted to be libidinous, great féeders, and that spéedily digest meates.

Such creatures which are decerned in a con­trary [Page] condition to this, as hauing flat bellies, not sufficient brawned, and these found soft, are deno­ted and iudged to be weake of body, and for the forme, applyed vnto the apparant congruency. In that we commonly see (saith the Phisiognomer) that such possessing leane bellies, proceeding of a­ny accident, as eyther of too much fasting, or of a sicknesse caused, o [...] procured otherwise of any ac­cidentall cause: are argued to be vnapt to learne, and to conceiue déepe matters, yea, weake of body and courage. And how long soeuer such continue in the like passion, and so long they tend or leane vnto the womanly condicions and courage: after the agréement of Aristotle, Albertus, Concilia­ [...]ore, and others.

The learned Aristotle doth vtter also, in secre­tis secretorum, that he which possesseth a big bel­ly, is denoted and iudged to be an vndiscreete per­son, proud, foolish, and often desiring to coeate, for the hotnesse resting in him.

A meane proportion and forme of the Belley discerned, with a narrownesse of the breast, dooth indicate such a Creature to bee of a déepe vnder­standing, of a good discretion and witte, of an ho­nest conuersation and trusty. For a meannesse of the belly (saith the Phisiognomer) is procured of a hotnes, proportioned in that Creature, of which lawdable spirits ensue. Where the Philosopher [Page 191] vttereth, with a straightnest of the breast: this is heere meant to be formed with a proportion of the same breast: for if this shold be compounded with an ouer-much largenesse, it would indicate a hot­nesse of the heart in that Creature, to hinder vn­derstanding. Of the same minde and iudgement, (by the report of the Phisiognomer) is the learned Loxius, where he witnesseth, that such a forme of the belly is knowne to be soft. Conciliatore re­porteth, that the bignesse of the belly, doth denote an ouermuch desire vnto the veneriall act. Whose stomacke and belley are discerned fleshier, are re­ported to be strong.

He also affirmeth, that the belly soft in youth, doth witnesse, that the same in many to become flat and drawne together in old age, & econtra: of which this like, doth indicate a heauinesse in old age. The learned Aristotle vttered vnto the mighty K. Alexander, that the person hauing a great belly, to be vndiscréet, foolish, proud, and de­siring to coeate. A meanesse of the belly descerned, (as aboue taught) with a decent narrownesse of the breast: witnesseth a déepenesse of vnderstan­ding, and ready counsaile in that Creature. These hitherto of Conciliatore.

The bignesse of the Belley, procéedeth of the great heate, reuerberating in the empetnesse of the same: especially, vnto the Region of the Ge­nitors. [Page] In that (as it is saide) the vertue Morrall or intellectiue, is not scituated in a body ouer hote: and of this, such are procured to be vndiscréete, and foolish. Such also are noted to be great drinkers, gluttonous féeders, and delighted in sluggishnesse: and giuing their minds much to luxury. As hath béene noted in sundry persons, which ledde an ea­sie life.

A hearinesse decereed on the belly, doth argue such a person to be full of wordes: applyed for the forme, vnto the kinde of birdes: in that it is knowne, that the property of such, which are thus heary on the bellye, to be talkatiue, and full of words: and this note onely conceiued and taken, of the chattering of birdes: which through their light spirits, are thus mooued to chatter: and the lesser birdes are knowne much louder to sing: and to haue many more notes, as the Nightingale, and such like, which are so procured and caused through the subtilnenesse of their bloud, and lightnesse of the spiri [...]s: in that these are of an ayrefull nature, through which, they are so lightly mooued vnto mirth, and diuers desires, which in their many songs, and chaunging of notes, endeuour to ex­presse. And the Cockes of those kinde, more ex­ercise long, then the Hennes doe, forasmuch as they are formed hotter, and by the consequent haue subtiller bloud, and lighter spirites, than the [Page 192] Hennes. And that hearinesse, or many more feathers appearing on their bellies, procéedeth through the abundance of the heate vaporatiue, in that the same more aboundeth in this place, through the digestion there bearing greater sway: whose note is, that the flesh of their bellies is found farre swéeter, and more sauerie in taste, than any part of their bodies besides: so that of the like cau­ses, sundry men are knowne to be very heary on the belly. Of which, to conclude, in that these pos­sesse a subtill bloud, and light spirits, through the light motion of bloud, and the spirites. For that cause, are diuers fantasies in those subiectes, lightly procured and conceiued in minde, which, of them vttered in their spéech, and talke. So that of these, a certaine reason of the cause appea­reth, why the chattering, and many wordes in them, doe indicate a hearinesse to consist about their Bellies.

The Phisiognomer knew sundry persons of the like condition, which were very leacherous, and that much desired to frequent the same. And the like conditioned creatures (saith Cocles) are these knowne to be, which possesse or haue but a short space, betwéene the heart and braine: espe­cially, if such are found Collericke. Thus by dili­gent considering the notes, in this Arte taught: may a man attaine, vnto many other hidde se­crets [Page] of this Art not héere vttered.

Héere note, that Ptholomie the Phylosopher and Pontius Gallicus write, that he which hath one line in the nauill, doth signify knowledge and skill in Arts. He which hath two lines vnder the nauill, is iudged to bee a person which shall haue many wiues. If thrée lines be séene vnder the na­uil, such a person shal haue many children. If four lines there appeare, then do they promise long life vnto that person. And if fiue lines be there séene, it denoteth great honor and aduancement to that person. But if any vnder the nauil, haue two vn­equall lines, he is then iudged to be very wicked, and little trust [...]o be had in him.

NOw doth the Philosopher instruct to Physi­ognomate by the dispositions of y^e Pecten: for the Pecten is the nether Pubes of man or woman in which the haires grow on the mentula, of this, the Philosopher vttereth thrée notes.

Hee which hath the n2r [...]2p 2p12sh, that is, 2p12u, beneath, and large aboue: after the master of a shield, wel boned, and without ouermuch [...]e­shines, are noted strong: applied to the male kind, after the mind of the Philosopher.

[Page 193]Such as haue the n2tc2p ▪ of a contrary condi­tion to that afore: as much fleshy fat, and well bo­ned, are weake persons, and applied (after Aristo­tle) to the female kind.

Such as haue the n2tc2p ouer leane, as if the same were so dried vp by the heat of the Sun▪ are euil conditioned, applied to the Ape of like disposi­tion as wel in mind as in body: the same reported of Auicen, libro secundo de Animalibus. Also of Aristotle and Albertus.

The learned Conciliatore affirmeth, that such which haue a bony n2tc2p, and pretensed into a sharpnes, are deneted strong persons.

The skilfull [...]r2r2ho2l affirm, that if the brest bone in the n1m455 shall be thinne of Flesh, and protensed into a sharpnesse: is then iudged to bee l5ftr5h to 2a124cht355 [...], and that r3h 2353rp 2c1lp also, to be l1rg2.

Further conceiue, that the hammes hairie, with a thickenesse of Hayres there growing, doth witnesse great Luxurie in that person. And when the same is there, with a thinnesse of haires, doth then through (the littlenesse or smalnes of them) argue the contrary: and signifyeth also the domi­nion of Coldnesse: as the [...]ame well appeareth in the place, where further (and more at large is written of the Nature and Conditions of the hayres, &c. And these of the Pecten, that I may [Page] not séeme to stand long (in the rehearsall of mat­ter) shall here suffice.

THe reason why Aristotle hath not entreated of this part, is for that he wrote but a briefe instruction, in manner as an introduction of the science, which he comprehended in a fewe lines, so that an Epitomy onely of the same he wrote: yet Conciliatore somwhat intreated of the same, as I shall vtter (saith Cocles) and whatsoeuer is héere added of vs, the same by experience was knowne and founde.

Rasis reporteth that the gelded person, is euill conditioned, in that he is a foole, couetous, and presumptuous.

But the person not gelded yet borne without sil35c3ts2t, or at the least, hauing them very small, is then conditioned, much like to the gelded persons.

Such a person which neuer had bearde grow­ing on the chinne: is farre worser conditioned.

Such persons which haue the s4l5c3ts2t not alike, are noted great fornicators: as Ptholomie the Philosopher, and Pontius Gallicus affirme.

[Page 194]But such persons which haue them bigge, are denoted lucky and fortunate, as Ptholomy the Philosopher writeth.

Such persons which shall haue them equall or alike: shall attaine vnto a happy fortune, as Con­ciliatore affirmeth.

Such persons which haue them very bigge, with the 2lit3n2g the like: are denoted fool [...]e, Sluggardes, and Asses: I neuer saw, saith the Phisiognomer, that such hauing a great 2dyir, were euer ingenious vnto vertues: but rather that such came, vnto a lamentable lamenesse and misery in the end: as Conciliatore vttereth.

These séene hanging on htgn2l, doe denote li­beralitie, yet weaknesse to 2ti24c: as Ptholomie affirmeth, and the like Pontius Gallicus.

Aristotle (in lib. de Animalibus) writeth, that he which hath a very bigge 2lit3n2g, through the spirits, not mightie to discend, vnto the due place: and through the coldnesse of them, and through the often and longer 2gn3l [...]h of them: is there­by caused weake of 2t124x.

Aristotle affirmeth, that the 3l5c3ts2r ought to 23l2r2n vnto the fundament: and of this men do not so much desire, to 2t124c in the Summer, as in the winter time.

If vndecently the smester of the 3lc3ts2f, shall be r2gg3q, than the right: such a person shall then [Page] beget (altogether) women Children: in that he is of a cold quality: as Conciliatore vttereth.

Conciliatore in his Rubrick of Phisiognomy vttereth, that the 2l1t3n2g 2gg3b, doath argue such a person to be a Dullard, and a Foole. And the crooke backed, or such which possesse a great bunch on the backe. And such also short of body, haue (for the more part) a 2gg3b2l1t3n2g.

Ideo Matronae soleut (vt plurimum) famulos similis staturae elegere.

Solent enim fortitudinem secundum aliorum membrorum conclutinacionem ostendere.

Qui habent mentulam cumvenis crassis & apparentibus, sunt calidae Naturae: & saepe, illis accidit vlceratio virgae, vt notaui (inquit Co­cles) & curaui, cum oleo omphacino & rosacea aqua, & parum cerusae, & aliquantulum Cam­phorae, in forma lineamenti, aliter talibus ac­cidunt vlcera putrida. Cuius rei causa est imbi­bitio materiei quae influit propter ratitatem & la­titudinem meatus, quia verenda sunt complexio­nes calidae & humidae. Et nimia fatigatione cale­sit, et excoriatur virga sic complexionata. Inquit Conciliatore.

The learned Aristotle reporteth, that the 2l1t3u2g suum found excéeding long, doth hinder con­ception, [Page 195] yea the same perhaps already performed: and this may through the like occasion destroy it. And not vnlike, saith the Phisiognomer, doth this many times happen, that no conception at all is procured: when as the same is discerned ouer small, and short in respect of the whole body. The reason why the ouer length is not commended nor apt vnto conception: is for that the Genitiue spirits in that Creature, are knowne to be weake­ned▪ through their long iourney consisting in the way.

HEere the Philosopher instructeth, to phisiog­nomate by the dispositions of the hanches or hippes.

First, the hips bony, so that they be bigge and bearing outward, & sinnewed: and that the hips be big by reason more of the bones and sinnewes, than of the ouer-much fleshinesse: doe then argue such a person, to be both strong and hardy.

The selfe-same vttereth Rasis, where he repor­teth, that when the bones of the Hippes shall bee bearing outward: doe then denote such a person, to be hardy. Here Rasis meaneth the same, when [Page] as the Hippes are well brawned, and bending to the out part: For then is it a note, of strength in that person. And the Phisiognomer hath noted, that such runne light and swift on the ground, and are great goers of iournies.

Michael Scotus hath truely vttered in this, which I much maruaile at (saith the Phisiogno­mer) séeing in all his Phisiognomy hee hath so mightily erred, not knowing what he wrote, as a person euill experienced in this Art: although hée durst attempt to vtter many matters. But to come to the matter, the Hippes found sufficient fleshy: doe signifie a strong person, hardy, and no lesse proude: as the same well appeareth, in the Gelding, Faulcon, and Cocke.

Michael Scotus vttereth a second note, that such hauing the Hippes bony, yet in such manner that the bones appeare not bigge, but much fleshy, with a smalnesse of the sinnewes: doe declare the like persons, to be weake of strength: and appli­ed to the female kind.

Rasis vttereth, that the Hippes hauing much flesh outward, doe argue the loosenesse of them, & weaknesse of strength.

Conciliatore reporteth, that the bones of the Hippes tended and bearing outward: doe denote strength, and a manly courage in that person: vnlesse a womanly fleshinesse in them, doth other [Page 195] wise happen.

A slendernesse or thinnesse of the hips, doth sig­nifie such a person, to be a louer of women, feare­full, and weake of body.

The hips bigge, and well brawned, full, and solide: do argue such a person to be strong.

The hips bearing outward, through the ouer­much fleshinesse: doe denote a weake person and féeble of courage.

The Hip bones bearing out (after a manner) do argue strength in that person.

Rasis also vttereth, that when the hanch-bones are tended or bear outward, do demonstrate much strength, and a manly courage in that person.

The slendernesse or thinnesse of the Haunch-bones: dooth signifie such a person to bee both weake of strength and fearefull, and a louer of women.

Aristotle (in libro de secretis secretorum) writeth, that the largenes of the legs and ankles, doth signifie a strong person. These hitherto of the Hips, may here suffice.

HEre the Philosopher Aristotle doth phisiog­nomate, by the dispositions of the knees: and [Page] vttereth sundry notes▪ as touching the condition of these: that such persons hauing the knées for­med [...]lender, and denoted to bee fearefull: and ap­plyed for the forme, as he reporteth, vnto the ap­parant congruency or comlinesse of the same: in that the apparant maner agreeing by great study, may be named the apparaunt congruency: for as much as the same agreeth with the naturall man­ner in causes, and in the name proper.

The Philosopher also vttered vnto the mightie King Alexander, that the much quantity of flesh discerned about the knées, and the same soft, doth indicate the weaknesse of strength, and féeble­nes of courage, to consist in that Creature. And this caused through a weaknesse of the sinnewes: which by reason of the moysture, loosing the Liga­ments of the ioynts, is like procured. And such persons (as the Phisiognomer reporteth of expe­rience) through the weakenesse or debility of the Joynts, cannot so well indure to beare any heauy burthens, no nor any other vnlawdable workes, in which the force of strength consisteth, or is re­quired.

Such creatures also are knowne to be so féeble of body, that they cannot long indure to walke on foot, at the least any reasonable distance: yea these besides are knowne to be effeminate. For the su­perapparant manner is the same, which hapneth [Page 197] of purpose, with diligente study: as the like those inioy, which study of a speciall purpose, to procure and cause themselues amiable, & gracious to men: or worke otherwise, besides the contrary dispositi­ons: in that the manners or apparancy of such, are knowne to be accidentall: but these which are not wrought and caused of a set purpose, may aptly be reduced vnto the minde, euen as an acti­on naturall. And on such wise may their notes, of the conditions superapparaunt be demonstra­ted: as the like vttered of the manners apparant. And the reductions a like caused into these, as the same in purpose consisteth: and as afore of the Phisiognomer (in many places) it hath béene taught.

Michael Scotus in his Phisiognomy vttereth, that the knées full of fat flesh and fat: doe indicate a fearefull person, liberall, vaine, and of small la­bour.

The said Michaell Scotus reporteth, that the knées leane and thinne of flesh, do argue a strong person, bold, well induring labour, secret, and a good goer on foot.

The learned Albertus, by the authoritie of Aristotle, vttereth, that the knées which in them­selues are turned, as they (in a manner) knocked together: are applyed to the feminine propertie, vnlesse this may otherwise happen, by reason of [Page] the exercise. As the like is to be séene in Bakers, Porters, and such like persons, which carry hea­uy burthens: in whom such a note is not natural▪ but by accidente: for that cause, this note is ineffe­ctuous.

The learned Conciliatore reporteth, that the knées appearing loose (as they were separated) frō the rest of the body: doe denote such to be weake in their going. Such hath the Phisiognomer séene and noted to haue gone with the toes, and knées turning toward the siluester part, that is, out­ward, and their knées tended vnto the domesti­call part, that is, inward. And such persons euer­more are effeminate, and for the more part Cy­neds, as the Phisiognomer experienced in many Subiects, and found the same to be like. Such also are of a péeuish Nature, that aptly they may be attributed to Women for their like. Thus I thinke sufficient vttered of the kéens.

HEere the Philosopher doth Phisiognomate by the shankes, and vttereth thrée notes, by the tripple disp [...]sition of the Shankes conceiued. The first note is, that if the Shankes shall be sin­newed, brawned, strong, and bigge: not by rea­son [Page 196] of the fleshinesse, but rather by reason of the greatnesse of the bones, and sinnewes: doe argue such a person (after nature) to be strong: applyed after forme to the Male kind.

Aristotle vttereth a second note, that the shan­kes slender, and sinewes strong, doe denote a lea­cherous person, light, and vnstable in motion. And this note héere conceiued of the birds, hauing the like legges: which for that according to life, are light and vnstable, and haue but a litle of the erth­ly grautiy, yet much of the ayreall lightnesse. In­somuch, that these are vnstable, and not tarrying any time in one place.

Conciliatore vttereth, that the shankes slen­der, with a weaknesse of the sinnewes, do denote such a person to be fearfull: as afore vttred in sun­dry places.

A third Note, the Phylosopher vttereth, that the Shankes ouer bigge, by reason of the ouer­much fleshinesse, and not with an equality or iust proportion, so that beneath the Anckles, these are bigge and fleshy, as the weomans are, doe denote such a person to be weake of strength, grosse wit­ted, of a dull perseuerance, vnshamefast and hate­full, as writeth Rasis.

To the same addeth Aristotle, that hauing the like shanks, are applied to their apparant comeli­nesse, which apparancy is to be vnderstoode by the [Page] contrary, in that the apparancy is a comelinesse to haue the contrary disposition and form in the flesh as that the same be moderated, or meane proporti­oned, and not out of forme.

The singuler Phylosopher Aristotle, vnto King Alexander wrote, that the thinnesse and slender­nesse of the legs argueth a weak person and igno­rant. But the bignesse of the legs, doth signifye a strong and stout person: and this (of the bignes) is heere meant when as they be well boned, strong sinnewed and brawned. The legs slender sinew­ed and rough (after Aristotle) séeme to indicate the earnest desire to the veneriall act. Forasmuch as their nutrimentall matter is conuerted into Sperme, and applyed vnto the Birds. The shan­kes ouer-bigge and ill fashioned, do denote an edi­ble and vnshamefast person. Albertus reporteth, that the Legges soft, are notes of an effeminat na­ture.

Antonius Cornazanus in his booke de re mili­tari, concludeth, that the legges round filled after length, dooth argue manlinesse in a yong or fresh Souldiour.

Conceyue also, sayth the Physiognomer, that the legges verie hairy, with much haire about the Eiuirp Ecalp, doth signifie such a person to be ve­ry libidinous, and applied for the forme, to bruite Beasts.

[Page 199]Such which are hairy vp to the hips, and the like on the parts downward, are noted to be much and often desiring to co-eate, as vttereth Aristo­tle, in libro de animalibus.

The shankes se fleshy behinde, that they beare out (in a manner) like to a woman with Childe, denoteth a filthy temperament in that creature, as Conciliatore writeth.

Michael Scotus writeth, that the shankes soft of Flesh doth denote a feminine nature in that person.

The shankes bigge, through the bones, fleshy, and hairy, denoteth a strong person, bold, warie, trusty, of a grosse wit, sluggish, and dull of capaci­ty▪ as affirmeth Michael Scotus.

The legges slender, strong sinnewed and rough denoteth a gréedy desire to the venerial act, for that their norishing matter, is conuerted into Sperm, and applied to the birds, as writeth Michael Sco­tus.

The legges slender, and not sufficient hairy, do argue a weake person of strength, fearefull, of a good vnderstanding, Faithfull, Seruiceable▪ and seldome such are Leacherous, as affirmeth Mich. Scotus.

The Legges euermore naked of hayre, dooth signifye a chast person, weake of strength, and lightly or soone fearefull: as affirmeth Michaell [Page] Scotus.

The legges very hairy, do signifie a hairy per­son, about the Eiuirp Ecalp, leacherous, simple, often vaine, vnstable, and abounding in euill hu­mors, as writeth Michael Scotus.

HEere the Phylosopher instructeth, to Phy­siognomate by the anckles of the féete: and vttereth two considerations of the notes, accor­ding to the two dispositions and formes: which with their relations appeare of the words and say­ings in the Text. Such strong sinewed, and wel brawned about the ancles, are noted strong after nature, applied to the Male kind.

Such much fleshy, and weake sinewed about the anckles, are iudged weake of strength, and courage: and applied after Nature, to the female kinde.

But as touching the second disposition and forme, in distinguishing these better: Rasis vtte­reth, that when the anckles shall be bigge, as tho­row a fleshines, do argue such a person to be a dul­lar [...], and vnshamefast.

Conciliatour reporteth, that such which shall be strong sinnewed, and well brawned about the [Page 197] ancles: are denoted strong and bolde: and contra­rywise the shankes and ancles big, and euill for­med, do demonstrate such a person to be weake, a dullard, and vnshamefast; these hitherto Conci­liatour.

The ancles big, through the fleshines, & much bearing outward, signifyeth a weake person, of small labour, fearfull, wary, faithfull, & tractable, as affirmeth Michael Scotus.

The anckles hauing very apparaut sinnewes and strong, doth demonstrate a strong personne, bolde, proude, and stowte: as Writeth Michaell Scotus. These hitherto of the anckles shall here suffice.

THe Phylosopher doth héere Phisiognomat, by the condition of the Féete: and diuideth them into foure parts. As touching the first Dispositi­on, hée vttereth, that such hauing the féete suffici­ent bigge, strong sinnewed, and well Brawned: in such manner, that the sinnewes and Muscles appeare, and that the greatnesse of the féete appea­reth, by reason of the bignesse, both of the vones and sinnewes, and not by occasion of the much quantity of Flesh, dooth indicate a strong person, [Page] bold and stowt: applied for the forme to the male kinde.

The Phisiognomer Cocles saith, that the big­nesse of the feet arguing the like aforesaide, ought not to be conditioned, or possesse an ouermuch fle­shines, in that (according to Rasis) the feet apea­ring very fleshy, and that these are formed fast or hard in the composition, do innuate such a person to be of a dul vnderstanding, and slender capacity, applied for the imperfiter vnderstanding vnto the female kind.

The singular Phylosopher Aristotle (in libro de secretis secretorum) saith, that the féete formed fleshy, dooth denote such a creature to bee foolish, vnaduised, and a moouer or procurer of iniuries to men.

The féet discerned small add slender in form, ar­gueth him to be strong and stout of courage: after the minde of Nuntius Naturae.

The learned Aristotle also reporteth, that such as haue their feete formed contrarie vnto the first manner▪ as appearing narrow in the breadth, in which the ioynts seeme not to appeare, are deno­ted weake of strength, feeble of courage, and to be effeminate.

The Féet (sayth Cocles) which are decerned flender and in the forme appeare amiable: in such maner that these are found rather more soft, than [Page 201] strong: are applied according to the passions of the minde, vnto the Female kind: that is such haue the naturall conditions atributed vnto the female kinde.

The ancient Rasis vttereth, that the féete for­med small, comely, and faire, dooth demonstrate such a creature to be prone vnto the veneriall acte, or a leacher, merry, ful of iests and sports the cau­ses of these dispositions, are the complexional qua­lities consisting in him.

Heere conceiue (saith the Phisiognomer) that the hotnesse and moisture in euery creature, are the special causes procuring the bignes of the feete. But the coldnes is knowne to bee the consequent cause, occasioning the smalnesse of féet. Of which according to the diuers forme and condition of the feet, are the diuers qualities answerably caused, & do likewise ensue, as is afore spoken of in diuerse places.

Such which haue the Toes and the nayles of them crooking, like vnto the Hawkes Tallents or clawes, are denoted (after the minde of Aristotle) to be Deceiuers, Theeues, violent Catchers, and Filthy talkers. The like iudgement is to be giuen of the Fingers and Nayles so crooking. For the Phisiognomer alwayes obserued, and knewe these, which possessed the nayles and fingers thus proportioned and formed, to be of a Chollericke [Page] quality: yet this note I saw (saith he) to be law­dable in iolly Warriors, and right good Soldiers, and in those which Marses beame séemed to be go­uerned in their great attempts.

Certaine report (saith the Phisiognomer) that Aristotle héere meaneth, by the vnshamefast per­sons, these naturally théeues, violent prollers, and euill tongued. I affirme (saith Cocles) that by the martiall théeues, the Philosopher doth meane the worthy souldiers: forasmuch, as such which liue and apply their wits and minds in the wars, exer­cise none other then warlike attemptes (after the maner of the common spoilers and théeues) in purchasing great booties and spoiles héere and there, whether these attaine it by right or wrong, after a warlike custom as we daily sée. And as further in the Phisiognomy of the Planet Mars shall be vt­tered, and in the positure of Mars in the hand, &c. to come forth.

The Toes decerned close ioyned together, doe denote such a person to haue a natural scowring or Flixe of the belly: and such a creature applied for the forme vnto that kinde of Quaile (which sée­keth his food by fresh Waters) for his often and much dunging.

Rasis reporteth, that when the héeles are séene small in forme, indicateth such a person to be weak of strength, and fearefull.

[Page 202]The héeles decerned big, and fast of flesh, deno­teth such a person to be strong and bold as the for­mer Rasis saith.

Albertus and Phylemon report, that the breast of the foote when the same shall be formed Fleshy, and not hollow: in such maner, that treading with the same on the earth: it séemeth to lye with an euen vpper face of the sole on the ground: doth in­nuate such a person to be crafty and malicious: for this is a note of the cold flegme abounding on the forme. And this easily receiueth formes, inasmuch as that the same is of a light cause mooued of the weake mouer. And of this is the craftinesse in that subiect caused.

The Philosopher Aristotle vttreth, that whose inner part of the sole of the foote, shall not be decer­ned hollow, but on such wise filled, that with the whole foot (in the treading) the same toucheth the ground, is denoted to be a creature wily, mutable, and full of deceits.

When the breast of the foote shall appeare hol­low, and in a contrary maner vnto the first, dooth signify by the contrary condition, the goodnesse of vnderstanding, and a good composition well dire­cted, and the goodnesse of conditions.

When the hollow of the foote shall be leane, it portendeth melancholy, and consumptions in that creature.

[Page]The learned Conciliatore saith, that the foote thicke and short, denoteth such a person for to bée strong and hardy.

The feet very long, doe denote such a person to be deceitfull and wicked, as Writeth Concilia­tore.

The féet excéeding meane, both in the thin­nesse and shortnesse, demonstrateth a wicked per­son.

The soles of the féet, compounded with fat flesh, denoteth such a person to be strong, bold, & a good goer of iournies on foot.

The féete soft, thorough the large filling of the skin about, do demonstrate such a person to bée a deceiuer.

The féete crooked, and hauing the soles verie hollow and wrinkled, are persons to be shunned, for that such are crafty, and wicked in their doo­ings.

The soles of the féet euen alike, argueth such a person to be weake of strength, and an ill goer on foot.

The héeles slender & soft, doth argue such a per­son to be weake and fearfull.

The héeles big, and fast of flesh, denoteth such a person to be strong and bold.

The soles of the féet, and long héels, filled with flesh, do indicate such a person to be foolish, & pée­uish, [Page 203] especially if the toes be soft and large.

The feet hollow, argueth such a one to be circumspect▪ witty▪ and honest.

The feet fleshy and hard compassed, denoteth a péeuish vnderstanding, foolishnesse, and a procu­rer o [...] miuries.

The feet smal, faire, & tender, argueth a fornica­tor▪ and setting by himselfe.

S [...]me report▪ that the toes close ioyning, deno­teth [...]he Flux or scowring of the belly, or the stink of sweat, and [...] sau [...]ur of the body in that person.

Rasis [...] the hands and feet amiable and smal [...], declareth the condition of the whole bodye, to be wea [...], and the heat of the same to be small.

A [...]be [...]tus reporteth, that those weomen which haue [...] are [...]test to conceiue with Child. Hitherto [...]f the feet.

THe Philosopher (in libro regimine princi­pum) sayeth, that the ouermuch swiftnesse in treading, doth argue a hot quality. Such a per­son, [Page] which goeth a soft pace, is of a cold and flegma­tick quality. But he which goeth a meane pace, is of a temperate quality.

The paces large and slow, do procéede of a lau­dable discourse, and that such a person shal prosper (for the most part) in his works and déeds, as the Phisiognomer obserued in his Patron Alexander Bentiuolus, the sonne of Iohn Bentiuolus, the second of that name.

[Page 209]The shortnesse of the paces, dooth innuate the contrary, that is, froward conditions, and to bee euill disposed in his workes.

The same affirmeth Rasis, who saith, that the paces large, and slow or softly, denoteth a friendly person, and the paces quicke and short, to be a ha­sty person, and very carefull in all his busines, yet is hee ignorant to bring them about, and to end them.

That famous Albertus reporteth, that the pace of a man procéeding of the inclination of Nature: doth demonstrate of the same, what the quallities of the mind and conditions are.

Such which take long paces in their goinges, are noted bold of courage, and strong, after y^e mind of Albertus.

Such hauing disordered paces, are denoted to be of an euill disposed minde, niggards, most com­monly sad and disquieted with many cares. Such encombred with a maruellous sorrow and heaui­nesse, tread with contrary paces from the former. And if such bee Craftes-men, then are they close minded.

The swiftnes of pace, in bearing the body vp­right, and in a séemely personage, argueth a quick witted person, and subtle: and one which better beginneth matters, than endeth them.

The creature which mooueth the eyes quicke, [Page] and often shutteth them together, and bending his body, is he goeth is iudged to be fearful, a niggard crafty, and full of deceit.

If any through his swiftnes of going, hath a troubling of the eies the head steddily standing, & breatheth fast, such a one is denoted to be bold, vn­constant▪ and very crafty.

Such as tread with short paces, and hastening or quicked, are weake of strength, fearfull, and a niggard.

[Page 205]When the hands and feet moue togither with the bodie in the going (and that seemely) and soft­ly, they be carried and mooue: with a little decli­ning both of the heade and necke, after a séemelie manner, is iudged (after the mind of the Phisiog­nomer) to be a person strong, bold, and valiant of courage, applied to the Lion: as hath béene noted in sundry folks. Such a person the Phisiognomer noted that worthy Hanniball Bentiuolus, the son of the mighty Iohn Bentiuolus, his singuler Be­nefactor.

A slow pace by nature, doth indicate a dulnesse of wit, except some mightier notes contrarie the same.

If any hath a curious slownesse of pace (that sometimes staying) turneth the head, and looketh about him: doth bewray such a person to be high-minded.

Such which in the moouing and going, haue the shoulder points brawned straight out & large: are boasters, and full of Wordes, applied to the horse.

Such which moue the shoulder-points, and that these shalbe crooked, are noted witty persons, ap­plied to the Lyon.

Such which turne the féete thwartly (or in a contrary maner) in the going, that the toes séeme to crosse one before the other, and make (the [Page] forme of a Tryangle) by that manner of going: and that through their weake legges also such doe stagger, as though these were broken or loose in the ioynts, are conditioned to the woman, as cer­taine report: such the Philosopher in the Chapter of the shankes doth affirme to be hatefull, and in­uericundious.

Whose pace is slow in going, argueth such a person to be weake of strength, and of a dull Ca­pacity.

The moouing of the Nose, with the moouing of the Muscles▪ and Cheeke Bones in the going, doth denote such a person to bee yrefull: and con­trarie to this in the going, that the Nose turning vpward, doth like argue such a person, to bee yre­full.

Such which lift vp the shoulders in the going disorderly or that the one member be bigger then the other, are windy and troubled as it were, with a certaine kind of Melancholy. This note is espe­cially verified when as the neck is leaning to the one side, as the phisiognomer obserued in a certain Scholler and Countryman of his, and in certaine of the Religious.

Such which shrugge too and fro with the Bo­dy, and rubbing themselues, and if these proper­ly be eloquent: are noted mighty flatterers, and dissemblers, applied to the Spaniell: which part­ly [Page 206]

for feare, and partly for reliefe at his Maysters hands, doth so shrug together, and fleete or fawne on his Maister. Of which, these (as I may tearm them Spaniels) are with diligent care and héed to be considered, in that the greater part of them, see­keth and attempteth treasons. Albertus & Conci­liatore, do partly affirme this. Of these was one Seraphinus a Pisis, a perfit Chirurgian.

Such which go with a leaping or dancing pace, and bearing out the buttocke, and with the coun­tenance borne vpright: are noted to be Cynedes and womanly persons.

Such whose knées bend in the going, do either fal vnder the thraldome of seruice, or else into some great misery.

[Page]The reason of this is, in that the debility of the sinnewes, doth protend the weakenesse of braine, and by the consequent, the imbecility of vnder­standing.

Such which treade on the toes, in (such sort) going outward with them, that the héeles séeme to make an angle behinde: are noted of a Wo­manly Nature, yea and Cyneds: especiallie if the knées seeme to knock together, and bend in the go­ing.

Such which haue an artificiall pace, and by measure goeth▪ or that swiftly, and their eyes moue quicke, with a smiling countenance: for the passion, are mooued vnto euery difference of the po­sition.

Such a person which hath a childish looke when hee beholdeth any pleasant thing: these shall you suppose to be giuen (or at the least prone) to picking and stealing.

Such a person which hath the pace of that foule named a Storke, with the shoulder pointes and Neck drawn together in the going, and with the like positure of the eies: is iudged like in conditi­ons to the Storke.

Such which sometimes looke to the earth, with a cloudy and frowning fore-head, and the vpper eye-lids drawne together, and that the eies some­times turn vpward, with a bearing vpright of the [Page 207]

head: are noted to bee wholly occupied in wicked deuties and thoughts.

Such which with straight and strong Legges, doe orderly go, are noted bold, and vnpacient: yet is boldnesse, with a valiantnesse of courage signi­fied.

Such which haue a quicker pace, and more dis­orderly are hasting in their pace: are noted rash and foolish.

Such which tread and go (after the manner of the Hart) with the head and eyes▪ vsing the afore­said walking in these: are not onely iudged to bee vnstable, but to dye an euill death.

Such which for the more part, goe so nicelie on the toes▪ that scarcely any Durt is seene on the out-sides, of the rest of the shooes: are argued to [Page] be of a womanly nature, and that these to be Cy­nedes, and such which exercise and follow the ve­nerial conditions: especially if the féet be amiable, small, and with flat héeles.

Such which tread with strong and fast soales of the féete: are noted strong and manly, vnlesse the body otherwise be weake, and that the knées bond in the going. Hitherto of the nature and iesture of the paces and going, shall héere suffice.

FOr as much as a great doubt in iudging, pro­céedeth through the diuersity of the hairinesse in persons: the Phisiognomer thought good, to vtter héere the wordes of a singuler Philosopher the worthy Conciliatore, and other learned in the same.

First Aristotle (in Methaphoricis) writeth, that such persons which haue heary legs, are vene­rious, applied to the Goat.

Such which be very hairy, about the breast and belly: are alwaies wauering of mind, and vncon­stant: applied to the Birds, which haue the breast and belly like hairy, after the kind.

Such which bee very naked of haire on the [Page 208] breast or at (the least) haue very little or few hairs to bee séene: are inuericundious persons, applied vnto women.

Such which be not much hairy in the partes of the body, but in a mean: are noted honest persons, and of a good nature.

Such which haue the brawne of the shoulder-points hairy, are noted (as afore) that they neuer continue stable of minde: applied to the birds.

Such which haue the back or chine of the back very hairy, are noted inueri [...]dious and leache­rous persons, applyed vnto beasts.

Such which haue the necke behinde hairy, are argued to be liberall persons, and stout [...]: applied to the Lyon.

Such which haue a sharpe chin, are persons of an honest mind and nature: applied after the [...]ur [...] to the Dog.

Such which haue the haires of the eye-browes néere ioyning together: are sad persons, and coue­tous, applied vnto the similitude of the passion.

Such which haue the haires of the eye-browes shed ouer the Nose▪ and spread vpward vnto the Temples: are deuoted foolish persons: applyed for the forme to the Hog.

Such which haue the Haires vpright on the Head, are noted fearefull, applyed vnto the simi­litude of the passion: in that persons fearing, [Page] their haires do then start vp.

Such which haue the haires of the head, verie crisped: are also fearefull, and applyed to the passi­on.

Such which haue stiffe and very crisped haires on the head are denoted fearefull.

Such which haue the haires of the head crisped or curled at the endes, are persons honest [...].

Such persons which haue a high forehead, are noted liberall, an [...] about: applied for the forme to the Lyon.

The head lon [...] with the Haires growing downe déepe on the forehead and [...]ire to the nose, doe argue such a person to bee liberall; applyed vnto the [...]erent condinesse and appa [...]ain [...]y of the [...].

The worthy Conciliatore vttereth that [...] within the [...]ares, doe denote such a per­son to be quicke of hearing, and reasonably condi­tioned.

If on the neck behind, and the head and back, shall be much haire séene [...]a [...]h by the agréement of authors) are argued to be strong, [...] of courage.

It is also reported, that such hauing the necke behind hairy: are noted liberall, applyed for the forme vnto the Lyon.

[Page 209]Much quantity of haires consisting on the shoulder pointes, and necke behind: doe witnesse peeuish [...]se, and an obstinate minde: and with this to be vnconstant, applyed for the condition to Birds.

Such hauing the Breastes very hairy, or but thinne of haires, are inuericundious or impudent persons, applyed for the kind vnto Beasts. Such hauing the breasts altogether without haires, are applied to Women. But such are applied to men, or named manly, which haue their backe partes hairy.

Such a person which shal be only hairie on the breast, is noted a constant person, & well sticking vnto his word and promise: and the Phisitions report, that the same note, to declare a hotnesse of the heart.

The much quantity of haires on the belly from the nauill downeward, doth indicate such a person to bee luxurious, vnstable, and a great feeder by nature: applied for the forme to Birds.

Such which haue the legs hairy, are venerous, applied for the similitude to the Goat.

Such bodies couered (in the parts) with a much quantity of long haires, are denoted fierce, cruell, and vnapt to be taught: these notes are heere con­ceiued of the accidents of the same matter, taken wholly of the outward appearance.

[Page]Now resteth onely to Phisiognomate by the acts and doings of the same subiect.

Philemon reporteth, that the man which hath much quantity of haires in most part of the body, is declining vnto a brutish nature.

He which hath a decent quantity of haires on the backe of the hand, especially about the neather part, and about the thomb, and on the fingers: is iudged to be a person of a good quality, and honest Nature.

The ouer much hairinesse on the handes, doth denote such a person to be wauering, and vncon­stant: applied for the similitude to birds.

Such a hairinesse, if it be scattring and disor­derly: doth argue an vnordinate quality, and an euill nature.

Very little or few haires on the handes to bée séene: do denote a weake body, and a feminine or womanly nature.

The hands quite (without haires) to be séene: is a note of euill conditions, and to be a presumptu­ous [...], and an effeminate person. And this the wor [...]er, if he hath no Beard: for then he is compa­red to the gelded person, and his conditions.

If the haires be decently small on the backe of the hand, toward the neather side, and vpward on the backe of the foure Fingers, and vnto the two first ioyntes of the Fingers, and that they be [Page 110] few in quantity, small, and of a changeable colour, doe argue a ready wit, subtill, and a déepe vnder­standing.

IN asmuch as vnto the whole body briefely be­longeth to vtter (Pliny and Solinus report that the perfit boundes of the length and largenesse of the body, haue not as yet béene discribed of any & yet doe the Phisitians witnesse, that the naturall length of mans body to bee seauen foot: and that the valiant Hercules was found to be within this bound. And that the largenesse or breadth of his body, to be like so much: for how much the distance is, betwéene the two endes of the middle fingers; (the armes and hands) stretched out: and so much is the distance betwéene the crowne of the head & sole of the foote. By this reason also (the olde wri­ters) named man, the little world: in that if a cir­cle were drawn about him, he wold then be found as wholy round. For which cause, if any person doth excéed this quantity of length, hee is then no­ted to be of a tal stature: but the person which lack­eth of this, or is lesser of stature (then this discrip­tion [Page] aboue) is then noted shorte of personage. And whose length and bredth are not alike, is named ill shaped of personage. So that the quantity euer­more of the parts, or of the whole body (in respect of a meane) ought to be applied vnto the measure of the whole body.

The Phylosopher Aristotle, doth Physiogno­mate by the quantity of the Bodye, as by the smalnesse and bignesse of the same. First, as tou­ching the quantitie of the Bodie very small, hee reporteth, that the small persons in quantity and stature, are of a ready and quicke wit, and prompt in attaining anie thing, and passing both in the conceyuing and knowing of matters. And this in as much as to the quantity of body absolut, and in as much as is by reason of the space, in which the same is: To which, Gulielmus adding a rea­son of this matter, reporteth: that those in which the arteriall Bloude, and both the spirit and na­turally heate spéedily and forthwith procéede from the heart vnto the braine, and vnto the cogitatiue vertues: those are of a sharpe and prompt wit, in taking, and generally in conceiuing. And this in­asmuch as by the rea [...]on of the space in which such a motion is: and I héere name, that an apprehen­sion or conceiuing, and knowledge: and of that knowne iudgement and discretion: of which ma­ner and condition, are the persons small or little [Page 111] of quantity. For in those (as the Phisiognomer affirmeth) the bloud, the linely Spirit, and natu­rall heat hastily and swiftly proceede, and are mo­ued from the heart vnto the braine, or vnto the co­gitiue vertues: in which such a motion is on the small, and short space: and euen the same is in very small persons, in as much as by the quantity of the body.

Although the Philosopher séemeth in the fiest, to Phisiognomate by the smalnesse of the body, in comparing vnto the chollericke complexion, or the hot and dry quality. And the Philosopher mea­neth, that although the smalnesse signifieth a sharpnesse of wit, and the goodnesse of perceiuing, in as much as is of that quantity: yet by reason of the complexion may the contrary be. For the smal which are of a dry quality, which he meaneth, v­sing hot and dry meates: and such which abound in the hotnesse of body, as if he said, the smal chol­lericke in quality, and in whom a drinesse and su­perfluous hotnesse consisteth, and that lesser beare sway, doe performe little or nothing, that is, they are alwaies vnapt or vnable vnto the performing and perceiuing, especially vnto the well iudging or discerning.

The motion of the spirits in them is ouer swift, and by reason of the smalnesse of the space, and o­uer much hotnesse causing them cursible, that they [Page] neuer can consist in the same, as this in perfitly perceiuing and knowing.

In the second, the Philosopher instructeth to Phisiognomate by the greatnesse of body, in com­paring the same vnto the cold complexion & moyst of flegmaticke. In the third the Philosopher vtte­reth, to Phisiognomate by the smalnesse of bodie, in comparing the same vnto the colde and moyst complexion. And he meaneth, that the smal which are of a cold and moist complexion: ar [...] perfit, that is, apt vnto the performing: although the Bloud and spirit in these are moued vnto the heart spéedi­ly, for the smalnesse of space: yet neuerthelesse, caused vnmooueable, by reason of the complexion or coldnesse, in that moysture restrayneth, the dryth and heate: and thus of the short and swift motion of those Spirites, by reason of the space: and in a slow manner, by reason of the moisture of those Spirits, shall the motion bee caused com­mensurated, and both a meane and temperate, apt vnto the performing. In the fourth he Phisiogno­mateth by the greatnesse of body, by a comparison vnto the hot and dry complexion: in that such are perfit and quicke in conceiuing. Although in those the space of the motion be great, yet the blood and Spirit in them are very swift mouing, by reason of the great heate: and on such wise in these, is a temperament of motion caused, and are apt vnto [Page 112] the performing.

Here is to be conceiued, that although the hot and dry, and generally the chollerio [...], are of a dif­ficill or hard conceiuing, and of a dull wit by rea­son of the dryth, which hardly receiueth: neuerthe­lesse the chollericke bigge in body, are more perfit, and apter to conceiue then the small in quantitie of body. For when these giue and apply their wit vnto the conceiuing and attaining of any thing, they long retaine the same with them: and al­though they haue the Spirit and blood moueable, yet for that the space of the motion is great, for that cause, before any other thing or matter occur­reth, they first conceiue and take, and strongly re­taine. For a more drynesse then moysture, con­sisteth in the hinder part of the braine of this crea­ture. So that drinesse hath the property to attain and receiue with difficulty, and when this hath receiued a forme, the same purchased, it retaineth for a long time: which contrary is of the moy­sture. For the moysture or moist braine behind doth lightly receiue a forme, and soone looseth the same: in that the formes which are imprinted in the moysture, are not preserued any long time: but soone vanish away. And for as much as the chollerick small in body, do not so long consist in any maner, that any forme in their spirit can be fixed: yet are these neuerthelesse noted perfite, as [Page] is afore vttered. For the learned Aristotle héere meaneth, that the more chollericke in body, are perfit simply, but this vnderstood in the comparison vnto the chollericke small of body. The Sanguine of complexion, and big in body, are very perfit: in that they be of a temperate moyst quality, and of a good receiuing or retaining.

In the excéeding, the Philosopher dooth Phi­siognomate by the quantity of the body, betwéene a very small and very big, as vnderstanding of a meane. Of which such hauing bodies ouer-much excéeding in greatnesse and height, or ouer-much lacking in the smalnesse of body and stature, are perfit by hap: in that these sometime [...] are on such wise, and sometimes in a contrary manner: accor­ding to the same, as they are diuer [...] complexio­ned. So that by the consequent, such ouer smal, and ouer big, are vnperfit, in as much as vnto the extending: which may be on such wise, and otehr­wise in the ouer small forme: so that the vnperfit is, [...]as euery variable continguent or happening: For that cause in stature and quantity of bodie a meane, which are n [...]her ouer small, nor ouer­bigge vnto sense: [...] the aptest to perceiue and know.

The Phisiognomer further vttereth, that the person which is not of length and largenesse alike is noted to be one, not in a due form proportioned.

[Page 113] Indagines breefely, writing of the stature of man, alleageth [...] example out of the Histories, of one Maximinus the Emperour, who for his nota­ble and monstrous talnesse, was of this found and iudged to be of a dull capacity, and foolish. And of the same arose the Prouerbe, which is (Climacis Aegiptia, [...] Caliga Maximini.) And that apply­ed now to men of a great and huge stature, hauing euill properties & conditions, and had in contempt for their rude manners.

Sundry others the like might heere be vttered, which for breuitie (saith Indagines) I omit: yet is it well knowne to all men, that such which bee of a monstruous talenesse, are euermore of a dull capacity, simply witted, and in manners rude: es­pecially if they be leane, and very long of Bodie, with the neck reaching forward, like the Storkes necke.

In the Court of Frederick the third, & Charles, Emperors, did the worthy Indagines note certain persons very tall, and maruellous leane: who in conditions, were knowne to be very froward and foolish. And from these persons, do not such much differ, which go crooked or stouping.

Heere a man might aptly apply the olde Pro­uerb, which affirmeth, that sildome any séeth the long and tall person wittie, nor the short person [Page] méeke and patient: yet the person short of body, is noted to be of a ready wit, apt to attaine thinges, and in the end very skilfull in many matters. And this onely meant by the quantity of the body, and not of the quality, in that the same often falleth out the contrary.

The person decerned meane of stature, and rea­sonably fat, and in the other members and partes decently formed: is noted to be ingenious, & pru­dent, and doth his busines with expedition. These hitherto Iohn Indagines.

Michaell Scotus writeth, that somewhat may be declared by the stature of man. First, the stature long, and sufficient vpright, and rather leane than fat, doth argue that person to be bold, high minded, presumptuous, vaine-glorious, to much of a will▪ long angry, somtimes lying, and in many things malicious.

The stature long, and sufficient fat, dooth sig­nifie a strong person, yet lightly vnfaithfull, de­ceitfull, of a dull wit, selfe-willed, a surmiser, vn­gratefull, [...]nd circumspect in his doings.

The stature very long, leane, and slender, doth denote a foolish person, much selfe-willed, weake to labour slowe, a great féeder, lightly crediting thinges to be compassed, as he wisheth them, and often lying.

The stature short and bigge, is a note of a fleg­maticke [Page 114] quality, enuious, suspitious, more simple than wise, easily perswaded to beléeue, long angry vaiue, and well contented to serue.

The stature short and slender and sufficient vp­right: is a note of a chollericke quality, and that such a person to be naturally circumspect of that he doth, ingenious hold, high minded, vaine-glori­ous, of good memory and vnderstanding, secret, & a great surmiser.

The stature which bendeth naturally forward and not caused of age, denotes a wary person vnto himselfe, a niggard, laborious, a grosse feeder, long angry, not lightly crediting, secret, of dull Witte, and seuere or cruell.

The stature or personage bending backward, doth signifie a foolish person, of a small vnderstan­ding, of ill memory, vain, a grosse féeder, and easily perswaded to good or euill. Hitherto M. Scotus.