THe skynne is a couerynge of the hole vnyuersall body wouen out of the vaynes & sene­wes / made for the defence of y^e wyttes of man / and y^e same skynne is twayne indyfferēt. The one doth couer the vttermost membre / & that is na­med the very skynne / The other couereth the innermost parte of the membrys and it is named panniculus / or pannycle / & that is as a flece / lyke as by the felles or cham­bres of the brayne / and pyrocraneum is y^e thyn flece aboue the braynpanne / and y^e pā nycle of the rybbes is named Pleura and Siphac / and the pannycle of the harte and other. &c. ¶ Here after foloweth the fatnesses / som is within the skynne & that is na / med grece / som is within by y^e bely aboute the kydneys and that is named talowe

¶ Thā cometh the flesshe whiche be in. iij. maners / som is pure symple flesshe / as is only the yarde and the gōmys of the tethe / that other is as carnel [...]ys / lyke the flesshe of the coddys & of the brest / the iij. is cōpre hendynge almost ouerall the hole body & is named caroplena lacertis. ¶ Than be­gynneth the synewes to take theyr effecte of the braynes & of the mary of the backe / After y^t the vaynes taketh theyr effecte of the lyuer and of y^e harte. ¶ Than foloweth the bonys of y^e body / and of them be in nō ­bre. CC. xlviij. besyde y^e small bonys that be called ossa cisanina and the bone laude / wheron y^e tonge is fowndyd. ¶ The nay­les be made on the vttermost parte of y^e mē ­bres because they sholde y^e stronghyer gry­pe and holde all maner of thynges. ¶ The hear is ordeyned for fayrnes and to purifye the manyfolde partis of the body.

HEre begynneth of the heed / and pryncypally of the braynes / & of the pān [...] that kepeth y^e braynes togyder / for that is y^e place & dwellynge of y^e reasonable soule and all that is heared is namyd the [...] of the hede / and therin be y^e vnderstādynge membres / & that is in the hyghest parte of man / the quantyte of the braynes of man­kynde is moche more thā it is of any other reature / consyderynge the strength of mā agyanst the gretnes of other dōme creatures. ¶ The ꝑtyes of this pāne be. x. or. xj. fyrst without is the heare / than y^e skynne / than flesshe of lacertes / than a grosse pan­nycle or flece / than the panne / than [...]in be ij. small fleces named dura mater / and pia mater / than the substance of the braynes / and after the substance of y^e braynes is agayne pia mater / and after that / lyath that meruelous net and is named Rethe mira­bile / & thā aboue that is named the foūda­cion of the braynes / out of the whiche the senewes take theyr begynnynge. ¶ That panicle that is named of Galien [...] pericra­neum dothe couereth all the hole panne / & is somwhat lyke to senewes / and groweth of dura mater / & of her is strongly bown­de senewes & vaynes / after this is craneū founde and is named the panne of the heed / and that is nat a hole bone / but. vii. bonys ordeyned to eche other / and that is because of this / yfone by fortune were hurt in y^e one bone / y^t the other shulde nat be perysshed / and they be gadered togyder lyke a seme or a thynge lyke the tethe of. ij. sawes ioyned in one / to thentent that the some of the heed sholde haue an yssewe. ¶ The fyrst bone of the panne is named coronale goynge from the myddest orbitarum to the [...]whart ioyntes of the panne / and therin be hoolys of y^e iyen and the out berynge of the nose / depar­te through a lytell bone lyke a cock [...]s combe / but in y^e women it is often founden that [Page] the coronale is deuyded ouertwhart in the myddest of the forheed. ¶ The. ij. bone is of y^e hynder parte / and namyd occipiciale / & is closyd through a ioynte comynge ouer thwarte ilyke maner of this fygure

/ & is harde / & thrugh persed / wher as Nucha whiche is the mary y^t cōmith in / & through y^e rydge bone or chyne to y^e ende of the back ¶ The. iij. &. iiij. bone be in the myddys of syd [...]am & be namyd Parietales / & be deuyded through a ioynt by y^e length of y^e pāne comynge to the bonys of y^e eerys / & they be iiij. square. The. v. & y^e syxt bone be called Petrosa for theyr hardnes / & also they be namyd Mēdosa / & they be gaderyd w^t y^e bonys by y^e sydes wher as the holys of y^e erys

& the clensynge of the brest be in / & be led toward y^e commyssure of the bone la [...]de to y^e myddys of the templé bonys. ¶ The. vij. is y^t fundament bone namyd Basillare / & is facyoned lyke a cradyll / and supporteth all the for sayde bonys aboue the rose of the [...]o [...]th / thus ye shall vnderstande y^t there be vi [...]. maner of bonys in the pot of the heed whiche is all the vpperparte. thus is to be vnderstāde that therbe. vij. boys that kepe the braynes in. / yet there be other bonys y^t be no pryncypallys as y^e bone c [...]yste which deuydeth the nose thryllys betwene the co­ronall bone / & there be other bonys that be namyd Paria belongynge to the face / and nat to the panne / also ther be crokyd bonys vnder the bone of the eerys where as musculus is plāted in / which opyn y^e Jawe bonys. ¶ The lymmys that in the inner parte of the heed be holden we can nat shewe parfytely with y^e Iye nor kno [...] therfore we shall deuyde y^e [...] panne with a sawe roundabou [...] heed / and whan they lyft vp y^e [...] per parte from the neder parte / y^e fyrst that foloweth is dura mater & pia mater / and be ij. s [...]nowlyke pānycles / wyndynge about & ke­pynge in the holl substa [...]ce of the brayn / & of dura mater groweth through the cōmissures of y^e pāne pericraneū / & of pia mater is ge­nyn y^e fode of the braines / & of he [...] cōmyth vaynes & vayne strigys frō withinforth through y^e holys of the vndermost bonys / & w^tout forth through y^e cōmys [...]res of y^e vppermost bonys.

¶ The knowlege of y^e. x. wyttes. v. interyall. and. v. cōmune wyttes. as it scewyd ī y^e picture of the heed. [...].

[Page] AFter pia mater foloweth y^e substāce of the brayne / and is soft whyt / and rounde of fygure whan the addycyons be taken from her ¶ The brayne hath. iij. cel­lys or chambers somwhat longe / and eche celle hath. ij. partis / and in euery parte is a parte of our vnderstandynge / In the fyrst celle is our cōmon wyttis / as it is expresly sene in this figure of y^e heed / & these be they Seynge in y^e iyen / Smellynge in y^e nose / Tastynge in y^e tonge / Herynge in y^e eares / & Fylynge ouerall y^e body. In the second is the ymagynacyon / in the. iij. is wynynge & reson / in y^e. iiij. is remēbraūce & memory / & there be wayes from the one to y^e other / to the [...]tent that y^e spirytis may haue theyr fre course from one to another / and in the fyrst celle be more addycyons wherin is closyd our smellynge / & therof groweth. ij. cou­ples of synowes / & they be lede to the iyes / to the erys / to the tonge / to the stomacke / & to other lym̄es through holys closyd with pānycles. ¶ By the second cell [...] marke the place y^t is namyd lacuma / vermiformis / anchaformis / and the cornell flesshe. And vnder y^e pānycle is rethe mirabile y^t only is wouen w^t vaynst [...]ingis cōmynge from the hert / in the whiche is cōprehendyd & vnder fonge y^e quicke & vnderstandynge spiritys. ¶ Fynally / marke how that nucha or that rydge bone mary groweth of the last part of the brayne / wherof pryncypally all our meuynge & vnderstādynge synowys haue ther fyrst originall begyn̄yng / & thus is y^e A [...]nothomia of y^e brayn pāne openly knowē & may suffer many woūder & hurtis / but y^e ne [...]er y^e brayn y^e wors. and in y^e workynge of the heed if nede requyre y^u shalt cut y^e sa­me flesshe of the heed accordynge as y^e here gothe whiche way so euer it be.

THe ꝑtys of y^e face be these / y^e forheed browys / iyes / eerys / templis / che­kys / mowth / iawys / w^t her tethe. ¶ The forheed hath but y^e skyn̄e vpon y^e musculy / or flesshe callyd lacerte / for y^e bone y^t is vn­der it is of the coronall bone / and is reysed towarde y^e vpper table lyke a dowble bone & maketh y^e forme of y^e browes. ¶ The browes be made for beauty / & set aboue y^e iyen w^t here for to defende them / y^e cuttynge y^t is done to them must go after y^e lenght of the body / & nat y^e way y^t y^e frounces go. ¶ The iyē be y^e instrumētis of y^e syght / & be ordey­ned a parte in y^e coronall bone by y^e bonis of y^e tēple / y^e iyē be made of. vij. cotys &. iiij. humours / The fyrst cote is without forth & is namyd / cōiunctiua alba / and grossa / that rōneth about the iye / and groweth of the pānycle that couereth y^e brayn pāne / after this there be. iij. materyall circles y^t ronne about the iye / and because they be so dif­ferēt of colours they be callyd yride or rain bowys / there be. iij. of these cotys y^t cōmeth from the syde of y^e braynes / &. iij. from the vtter partys / y^e fyrst cote groweth of dura mater / y^e inner parte therof is named scly­ [...]otica / y^e vttermost parte is named cornea The other cote groweth of pia mr̄. / y^e iner parte therof is named secūdina / & the vtter most therof is named v [...]ea / & hath the hole of the ball of the iye. The thyrde groweth of the senowe optico / the inner parte therof is named retina / and the vttermoste therof vpon the bryght crystallyn is named Ara­nea / & to this be. iiij. princypall moystours The fyrst moystour is named cristallyna / and it is set in the myddis of the iyen / and is of colour lyke crystall / and is facyoned lyke a hayll stone / wherin the syght is pri­cypally foūdyd / after y^t towarde y^e braynis is vitreous humour whiche holdeth & cir­cuyteth from behynde y^e crystallyn humour & these twayne be wōde about w^t one pānycle in y^e senewe optico / after y^t from befor is the humour albugyneus & y^t is whytysshe / [Page] and is conclud [...]d betwene [...]he [...] be afore sayd & the webbe y^t groweth of pia mater: G [...]enus alegith another moystours & is in y^e region of the balle of the iye / and that is clere of a heuenly element coloure and is hole fomys [...]he or scōmye / and this is the cōposyssyon of the iye in hym selfe. ¶ The iye hathe cartilag [...] aboue & vnder whiche we name the iye lyddis w^t here that close from aboue with one musclus / & opyn w^t twhart musclus. ¶ The nose hath flesshy / [...]onye / and grystly partis / the flesshy ꝑte hath a skyn̄e and. ij. musclus by eche other and the bony part hath. ij. tryangle bonis / which corners cōmeth on the nose shyftyn­ge them on the one syde alonge y^e nose / cō ­mynge downe to y^e cheke / the grystyll ꝑte is of two maners / the one is without that [...]acynéth the vtter parte of the nose / and y^e other deuydeth the ynner parte of the nose thryllys. And the. ij. holys of y^e nose ascend vpwarde to y^e bonys colatorij / & be addyd to mamillares cerebri / where as y^e smell­ynge hath his begyn̄ynge / & these go bac­ward downe to the rowfe of the mowth behynd vuulā / through which holys is dra­wyn the brethynge vapour / bothe out and in / & the superfluyte of the braynes pury­fyde. ¶ The eeris be grystly vpō y^e petrosū bone ordayned for to here / to the whiche y^t cōme otwahrt holys vnto the [...]enewes of y^e brayn̄es where the heerynge is / vnder the eerys is flesshe lyke carnellis that maketh the puryfienge of y^e braynes / by the which goothe. ij. vaynes y^t conuay y^e spermatyke or seedly mater or substance downe to the ballockis. ¶ The temples / leyres / chek [...] / be the partys of the sydys of the face / and haue in them moche musclus flesshe: fyrst there be. vij. meuyng the chekys and the vpper lyppys / after these be. xij. that meue the vndermost Jawe bone / some openyng it that come from besyde the erys / and som closynge it / and they come from aboue be­syde y^e tēples bonys / & yf they bewoūdyd / it is great ieopardy. ¶ Though it seme y^t there be but ij. bonis gadered to geder aboue the nose / yet some say there be nyne.:▪ ¶ Ther be. v. partis of y^e mouth / y^e lyppys tethe / tonge / rowfe / and vuula / y^e whiche is a lytell deme hangynge in y^e throte lyke the spynne. The teeth of the nature of the bonys / & of them be. xxxij. that is in euery cheke [...]one or Jawe xvi. of the whiche ij. be named duales. ij. quadrupli. ij. canini▪ ij. caysales. iij. molares. & haue rotis festenyd in the Jawbonys / some one rote / some ij. some more. ¶ The tōge is a soft flesshy / & spongy parte / made of many seynowes / stryngys / & vaynes / pricypally ordeyned for the spece & fauorable taste / & to rule the mete in the mouth. Under y^e tonge is a cornell flesshe / where as. ij. holys lyke mou­thes be in / where the spetyll cōmeth out of: Behynde the tonge is the Jawflesshe by [...] rowf of y^e mouth with knotys lyke an [...] and betwene those. ii. hangeth vuula [...] sayth / & is ordeyned to take the ayre and to make it apte. ¶ The vpper ꝑte of y^e mouth is named the rowf / & is couered with a pā ­nycle / & taketh his begynnynge on the for­ner parte of y^e mawe or stomacke.

TWo partes be in the necke / som do holden / & som be hol­den / The holdyng partes be these / shynne flesshe / muscl [...] stryngys / and bonys. The ꝑtes that be holdyn be these. the throte bolle or trachea / [...]sophagus or meri / that is wher the mete gothe through Epiglotū or gula / vaynes and strynges / and a parte of nucha. ¶ Fyrst is trachea arteria / that is a waye of the brethe or ayr [...] [Page] cōmynge frome the longues to the throte whyche is gaderyd & bounde to the syde of mery with a stronge & softe pānycle / after the throte on the spondyles is mery / or yso­phagꝭ / & is a waye of the descēdyng of our sode / & gothe from the throte to dyafragma & is madē out of. ii. cotys. the innermost is festyned with y^e skynne of the mouthe / and the vttermost cote is festyned to the pānicle of the belly & is fleshye / on these. ii. wayes on the syde of the mouth is Gula or Epiglotus / & is a grystly parte made for the voce / & is the place of the swelowynge downe.:. ¶ Here after foloweth y^e dowble senowes to the stomacke / and to the lymmes descen­dynge / & agayne ascendynge vpwarde by Epyglotꝭ. After these be grete vaynes and strynges namyd Guidegi / or Apopleti / or subetales. The deuyded ꝑtes go vpward through the sydes or the necke vnto y^e hyest partes / & the cuttynge of these be very ieoꝑdus. Spōdyle or rydge bone is al through percyd or boryd / where as Nucha or back mary gothe through / & there as y^e senowes in the syde gothe vp & downe / the backe is it that gothe from y^e heed to the rompe bone out of many & stronge spondyles folowyng eche other for the defence of the backe mary whyche be. xxx. in nōbre. vii. in the necke.. xii. by the shuld (er)s. v. by the lymmys aboue the hyppys. & after the bone callyd the holy bone / there be. iiii. In the necke be. vii. stō dyles through y^e whyche gothe. vii. cow­pies of senowes from that parte of Nucha that gothe throught it / the whyche bere me uyng to the shulders / armys / & som places of the heed & necke ¶ Thus do as before is sayde in the necke / & worke by y^e length for it is the ryght waye of al y^e ꝑtes in y^e necke.

DEscendyng from y^e necke dothe folowe a graet ry­synge lyke a hyll / and on the hyest parte therof the shulders be plātyd / and y^t shuld (er) bonys be twayn Fyrst behid is one brode and thyme on the backe partye / & on y^t syde of the ioyntys it is somwhat longe & roūde lyke a haft with. iii. edgys / the fyrst is ho­lowe / the other aboue croked & sharpe lyke y^e byll of a crane. ¶ That other bone is na­med Os furfale / or the forked bone / and is roūde & festyned in a holownes in y^e vpper parte of the brest / & hath. ii. braūches lyke a forke / the one gothe to the one shulder / & the other gothe to the other shulder / & byn­dyth the. ii. sharpe & crokydendys / and is a hole deffence & preseruynge of all the shuld (er) wyntys. ¶ The parte vnder the ioyntys of the arme pyttys is made of cornell flesshe / wherin is shewyd the purgyng of the herte ¶ Galienꝭ deuydeth the arme in. iii. great partys / the fyrst parte is a boue y^e oxcellys or arme pyttys. the other parte is namyde the lytyll arme / & the thyrde y^e lytyll hāde. ¶ The stryngys & opyne senowys that be founde in the arme comynge to the oxcellys & there be deuydyd in twayn. The one goth on the hyest of the armys / & that other part to the vndermost parte of the armys.. The vaynes that ascende be deuyded in braun­ches / & the one goth vp behynde the shuld (er)s to the heed / the other descendyth & is yet deuyded in twayne other braunches / where of the one braūche is deuyded through the arme on the vtter syde in dyuers placys / & is named funis brachii / whiche is the rope of the arme. The other braūche comyth vp through the vpper parte of the arme and is openyd & shewed through y^e bendynge of y^e elbowe / & is namyd Cephalica or the chef vayne. From thens it comyth for the on the [Page] hande betwene y^e thombe & the fore fynger / and is namyd cephalica ocularis. ¶ The other vaynes frome the oxcellis that come to the vnder parte of the arme shewe them selfe in y^e bought of y^e arme / and is namyd basilica which is the vayne of the lyuer / & from thens it descendyth downe betwene y^e golde fynger and the lytell fynger / and is namyd saluatella / whan the ii. fornamyd vaynys be in the bought of the arme / than is there another vayne sene betwene them bothe / and is namyd mediana corporalis / and thus there be in the arme. v. great vaynes / and so many strynges / the whiche be very ieopardus to staunche yf they were woundyd or cut. ¶ Of Nucha through y^e spondiles of the neck descendynge to euery arme. iiii. pryncypall senowes / that meue and stere the aduitory or lytell arme / and out of it cōmeth. v. senowes into the hand that meue the fyngers / and they shewe thē selfe openly on the thre fyngers towardes the ioyntys / whiche is daungerous to be woūded. ¶ In y^e armes be great stryngys & stryngys the come from the bonys goyng through y^e ioyntys / and kepe them ioyned / the which were very ieopardus to be cut. ¶ The bone namyd vlna or adiutoriū / is a great bone full of mary / & roūde at bothe endys / but aboue it hath but one roūdnes / and beneth it hath. ii. & the vppermost goth into the holowe of y^e gābone / & maketh the ioynt of the sholders / and the nether ende whiche hath. ii. roūdnes is deuyded in. ii. and goth into y^e holownes of the. ii. bonys that be namyd focilium / and they make the ioyntys of the elbowes where as the lytell arme begyn̄eth / in whiche lytell arme be ii. focill bonys / that be namyd ossa focilia / and the grettest is benethe / and that goth towarde y^e lytell fynger / & shewe a rown­de knot outwarde / the small focille bone goth aboue from the bought of the arme to the hande toward the thombe / and in bothe y^e vpper parte of these. ii. bonys be pyttes / or holys by y^e elbowe / & receyue the round­nes namyd graduales / of the bone callyd aduitorii / by the handys they haue pyttys also / whiche receyue the roundne of y^e ioyntys of the hande / and be festenyd iust vnto the bonys of y^e hande makynge y^e ioyntys / the which ioyntys be. iii. hepys of bonys / and y^e vppermost be gadered with a round nes in the pyttes of the nethermost. In the fyrst hepe be. iii. bonys / for the addycion of focilles kepeth aboue the place of a bone. In the seconde hepe be. iiii. bonys / & there aboue is a lytell boxe wherin is festenyd y^e fyrst bone of the thombe. The bonys of the ii. fornamyd hepys be short. The fyrst hepe is namyd rafeta / or corpꝭ. The other hepe is named Pectenor Metacorpus.. In the iii. hepe be. iiii. bonys longer than the fyrst ¶ In euery fynger be. iii. bonys / and the fyngers be in nombre. v. therefore there be xv. bonys in the fyngers. And in the [...] xi. ii. in the lytell arme. i. in the vpper [...] And thus ther be in the hole arme and hāde xxix. bonys. and these must be cut for to be­curydall longe ways / lyke as the sacerres and musclus gothe..

[Page] THe partyes in the brest be som holden & som that be holdē ¶ The pappys or brestys be made as it were a cornelly whyt flesshe lyke a sponge / made with vaines / stryngys / and senowes / and ther fore they haue a festenynge of the lyuer & of the herte. ¶ The lacer­tes or musclus be many & dyuers som with the skynne named Dyafragma / som do be longe only to the brest / som to y^e rybbes / & som to the backe. ¶ Therbe. iii. ma­ners of bonys in the brest. In the fyrste parte be. vii. bonys namyd ossa thoracis Therby on the syde of gula is receyuyd the holowes of Fircula / & vnder fircula by the [...]roppe of the mawe or stomacke is a grystly addytamente namyd Cusifornū. On the hynder parte be. xii. spondiles where as nucha passeth through / wherof waxe or growe. xii. cowple of senowes / y^e whyche brynge sterynge and me nynge to y^e musclus or flesshe of that parte On euery syde be. xii. rybbes. vii. ryghte­wys rybbes / & v. mendosa rybbes or faynt rybbes be cause they be nat hole as y^e other ryghtwys rybbes [...]e. ¶ For to do the Anothomia well of the lymmes that be holden ye must cut the brest towardys the lyde / & put away the fyrst parte for mediastum / & than may y^e inner parte be sene / of y^e whych the herte is the fyrste in the myddest of the brest / descendynge a lytell towarde y^e lefte syde / for the place of the lyuer / and to then­tent that it sholde gyue rome or place to y^e stryngys. The forme or shape of the herte is lyke a pyne aple / for the poynt of y^e herte gothe towarde the neder lymmys or membrys

of the body / & the brede of the whych is y^e root gothe vpwardys. The substance of the herte is harde hauyng on euery syde a vētrycle or holownes / and in y^e myddyst a pytt as Galienꝭ sayth / in whyche is cōsumed the grose fedynge blode that commeth from the lyuer / and is made pure / & is sent by the vaynes throughout all the partys of the body. Fyrste to the braynes / & ther it conceyueth another nature and becōmeth animalis or vnderstādinge / & to the lyuer where as it becōmeth naturall & fedynge / & to the stonys or coddys for generacyon / & so forth to all other membrys or lymmes / & maketh them quycke or gyueth them lyf. ¶ The herte is an instrumēt of al powers [Page] and myghte of the body / & a fulcomē bonde or festener of y^e sowle / & in it be. ii. orificias or mowthes and through the ryght orifice rōneth a braūche of y^e ascendynge vaynes / bryngynge vp the blode frome the lyuer / & descendith frome thens downwarde agay­ne to vena arterialis for to fede y^e longues. ¶ Of the lyft orifice gothe y^e betynge vay­ne / namyd vena pulsatilis / wherof one parte gothe to y^e longues / and it is namyd vena venalis / berynge the vapours capi­nosos to the lōgues / and ledynge the ayre in / for to cole the hart with all / vpon this orifice be. iii. pānycles or skyn̄es opynyng and closynge / the passage of y^e blode. ¶ By this orifice be. ii. lytell eerys ioyned to the harte / where as the ayre or breth goth out and in towarde the longues. Also ther is a lytell grystell bone in it for to strength the harte w^t. ¶ The harte is coueryd w^t a strō ­ge pānicle namyd precordiū / where as the senowes cōme to / & be boūde w^t y^e longues festenyd / and subportynge through medi­astinū. ¶ Upon y^e harte cōmeth y^e longues fleing & wauynge for to cole it / whose sub­stance is spongye / whyt & soft / in y^t whiche be. iii. holownessis.. The fyrst is y^e vaynes whiche growe out of y^e ryght ventrycle of the harte / & the vayne that groweth out of the lyft ventrycle / & the braūches y^t cōmeth from the throthe brynge wynde or breth to y^e harte. The longues hath. v. lobos or fe­ders. iii. in the right syde / and. ii. in those ft syde. ¶ Behynd the longues / after the. v. spondyle goth mery / & y^e vayne tracea ascē ­dynge / & bothe these passe through dyafragma. Also ther passe through it mater ador­thi that dothe ascende frō the herte / all these with the veyne Trachea make a hepe fyl­lyd with pānycles and stronge bondys / & with caruelly flesshe to gula. ¶ After this be in the brest. iii. pānycles. Fyrst the pānycle that frō within doth couere the rybbys named Pleura. The other is mediastinū / & departyth the hole carkes in bothe sydes. The thyrde is dyafragma / and y^t deuideth y^e spyrytuall lymmys or mēbrys from y^e fe­dynge mēbrys / and is made out of pleura and syphac / & of the short pānycle that growyth of the senowes betwene y^e spondyles & is most by y^e rybbes / whose operacyon is for to drawe the ayre to her / & for to with­dryue y^e superfluyte as Galienꝭ testyfyeth.

MEry is y^e croppe of y^e necke goyng in­wardly thrugh y^e necke / tyll y^t he makyth a hole through dyafragma / wher vn to he is fast boūd / & dyafragma goth into y^e last ꝑte of y^e brest there as y^e mouthe of the mawe or stomake dothe sprede hym. The worke of the stomake is dysgestyon / for it hath y^e lyuer on the ryghte syde / warnynge herselfe w^t the lōbys or lymmes / & y^e myst thwart on y^e lyft syde w^t her fat vaynes for to dryue away melācoly or heuynes / for to lyghtē & releue y^e apetite. Aboue it is [...] gyuyng her quyknes vnto y^e braynes lo [...] haue y^e vndstādyng of felyng. Also it hath of y^e backe ꝑte y^e senowes namyd chylym & adorthi / wher as it is boūd w^t / vnto y^e spō diles of y^t kydnes. Unto y^e vndmost mouth of y^e stomak begyn̄eth the guttys / and they be in nōbre. vi. y^e fyrst is namyd duodenū. for he is xii. inches lōge. and is also namyd portenareꝭ / for he is y^e vndmost ꝑ [...]e of y^e stomake / lyke as meri is vpꝑmost. The. ii. is yliō / & is lōge & small / & is woūdē vp by y^e backe & by y^e lyskes The. iii. is ieiuniū / for he is euer emptye / because he is so nygh the gall / & ther come to hi y^e smal vaynes mise raice / & he receyueth y^e colera y^t cōmeth be­twene hi & portenariū. The. iiii. is cecꝭ or saccꝭ / & is y^e blynde gut / or secōde mawe or moke / & is about y^e length of a shaftmēt / & hath. i. orificiū to receyue y^e hole fylthynes y^t cōmyth of y^e fyrst dysgestyō of y^e bowels. [Page] The. v. is namyd Colon / & is grosse fullof holownes / wher as y^e fyshynes receyueth her forme. The. vi. is namyd Longaon / and that is the ars gutte. ¶ The Lyuer is a place & an organ of the seconde dysgest yō engendryng blode set in the ryght syde vn­der the short rybbes / and is formed lyke a mone / & hath. v. lytell pānys in the maner of a hāde / wherwith passeth aboue the sto­make. ¶ The Lyuer with her pānycle is boūde on Dyafragma w^t the backe / stomake / & gutte / and hath collygacyō with the herte / kydney / coddys / & with all mēbrys Her substaūce is redflesshy lyke blode that is stollydor rōne / & is full of synewes. Of the holownes of the lyuer cometh a vayne named the gate / & is deuyded in many smal vaynes that be namyd miseraice / y^t be plā ­tyd in y^e stomake / & in the guttys & drawe out all the moysture of the vayne Chyli / & is deuyded with her rotys through all y^e lyuer / and of the hyll of the lyuer cōmeth the vayne Chylis / & draweth from the lyuer all the blode that is in it engendred / beryn ge that blode for to fede y^e hole body. In the myddys of y^e lyuer wher it is holow dothe lay a lytel bladder y^t is namyd the gall or deyned to receyue y^e suꝑfluyte of Colera / & it hath. ii. oryfyces / one in the myddest of y^e lyuer for to receyue the colera. The other gothe alōge downe by the bothom of y^e sto make / for to puryfye the guttys & to dryue out the colera. ¶ The mylt is ordeyned in the lefte syde ouerthwartly enbrasynge y^e stomake / & is bounde with her pānycle to iii. eybbys w^t her backe / & with her holow nes to y^e stomake The kydners be twayne the one is ordernid for to purysy the blode & the watery suꝑfluyte / & in them is a ho­lownes wherin they receyue suche as they drawe to them. In eche of them be. ii. en­trees / through the one they drawe y^e wate [...]y humour of the vayne Chyli / & also from the lyuer. Through the other they sende & vryn̄ water to the bladder / and the kydnes be ioyned to the backe & be fat roūde aboute ¶ Behynde the kydnes by the spōdyles be the lymmes or nether rydge bones ther on restrynge as on a quylt / or matrys. ¶ Betwene y^t kydnes passeth y^e vaynes Chyli & A dorthi to the netherm [...]mmes / by the whiche vaynes very ny [...]he groweth the semynall vessellys.

Of the flankes ye shall und stande the nether parte of y^e bely frome the lappe to the secrete membrys / & be of. ui. maners / somholde / as myrach / Siphae / Sir bus / & the bonys / som be holden / as y^e semy nall vessellys / the moder or matrix in a wo mā / the fūdament gutt / the senowes & vay nes y^e cōmeth downwarde. ¶ In euery of them is a gryat bone / & they be ordeyned togyder with a great spōdyle namyd ossis sacris on the backe syde / and on the for parte makyng of y^e genytour bone / namyd os pectinis. Thus these bonys go abrode ouer bothe y^e sydes of y^e lymmes of the hyppes / wher through hauyng in thē great holys dothe go bothe senowes / vaynes / & stryn­ges / they be also but small by y^e syde of pec­tinis / by the secrete membres. In the myd­dest of thēm y^t nether parte by the boxys or holownes / or pixides / wherin be stryngys of y^e bonys. ¶ Of the lymmes y^t be holden is fyrst y^e bladder / & is lyke a bagge / wher in is gadered the suꝑflue water / or vryne / that cometh of the kydneys / & y^e bladder is of. [...]i. strōge pānicles / & is roundand great about the quātite of a pynte. In it be. ii. lō ge wayes named porri vritides / cōmynge from the kydneys a syde halfe / berynge the vryne from y^e kydneys. The necke or pype [Page] of the bladder is flesshy with closynge and onclosynge lacertys or musculys / goynge from the bladder beudyd through the myddys vnto the yarde of the man But in a woman without beudynge / the quātyte of. ii. ynches with ther secrete mēbre / & through that is the vryne dryueth.

THe semynalle vessellys be in them selfe vaynes / that haue theyr begynnynge by the kydneys / of the vaynes of Chyli and Adorati / descendynge & be [...]ge the blode to the cod­des / bothe [...] man and womā / wherfor in the last [...]yon the sede is namyd sperma / whiche is the sede of our humayne na­nature. In a man these vessellys be out­wardys / for theyr coddys be without / and the womens vesselles be within / for theyr coddys or stonys be within / and by thys may be marked that this sede hath the na­ture of the herte / the lyuer / and y^e kydneys and the brayne / for this cause / for to make dilectacyon / the senowes com from y^e braynes to the stonys / & also the hole body hath felowshyp therwith. ¶ The matrix or moder is an acker of the generacyon of man­kynd / and an organ for to conceyne / whose maner & posycyō or place is betwen y^e bladder & fūdament / and is made of. ii. stronge pannycles / and is rounde / and hath armis w^t coddys or stonys lyke y^e pursse of y^e coddis & hath a thynge lyke a bely ī y^e myddyl and a necke holowe and small at the ende lyke a mānys yarde that is crokyd / & hath a cleft namyd vulua / and hath aprepuciū or couerynge lyke a mānys yarde / and is of lengthe. viii. or. ix. ynches. And though she hath. ii. holownessys y^t be openly kno­wē after the nōbre of her brestys or pappis yet she hath eche deuyded in. iii. cellys or chābres / and one in the myddys / and thus she hath. vii. cellys or places of cōceyuyng She hath also collygacyon with the bray­nes / hert / lyuer / and the stomacke / and is bounde to the backe / betwene her and the brestys be ioyned to gydder the mylke and the menstruall vaynes. Therfor Ypocras sayth that the womās mylke is the broder of mēstruum. And Galienus sayth therfor that the woman can nathaue theyr costu­mable diseas of menstruum & gyue mylke at one tyme. ¶ Under y^e moder is y^e ryght fundament whiche is the keper of the suꝑfluyte of the fyrst dysgestyon / and is made of pānycles / and is of the length of a shaft­ment / rechynge nygh to the kydneys / stretchynge in length nyghe to the romp bonys and the vndermost parte of it is namyd the ars / and the ars gut hath collygacyō with the bladder / therfore in theyr sekenes they suffer w^t eche other. ¶ The mannys y [...] is a plowman of the nature of mankynd / and is also a waye of the vryne / & is made of skyn̄e / musclus / vaynes / senowes / and grosse stryngys / and it is plantyd vpon the bone Pectinis / and y^e bondys com from the bone Sacris / or holy bone. In the yarde be. ii. pryncypall wayes or pypes / the one for the sede / and the other for the vryn. The ende of the yarde is namyd Ballanum & the hole is namyd mitra. The fyrst ouer­goynge skynne of the yarde is prepucium / and the yarde is commonly. viii. or. ix. fynger brede longe / and must be of resonable bygnes / accordynge to the quantyte of the matrix or moder. Permenium or Perito­nium is the place betwene the ars and the yarde / the whiche is a seme that foloweth the lyne of the yarde. Inguina or lyskes be y^e clynsers of y^e lyuer / ordeyned in y^e foldys of the thyges. ¶ Nates be the buttockes / [Page] ordeyned vpō y^e bone semoris / and is grofe lacertous flesshe.

THe greate fote or the shynne bone contynueth of y^e ioynte Scie / or the thyghes / to the vttermoste parte of the artycles. This great fote is deuided in. iii. y^e fyrst is y^e thygh the other is the shynne. the thyrde is the ly­tell fote. ¶ Whan the vaynes be descendyd with braunches from theyr begynnyng to the last spondyle or backbone / thā be they deuyded in. ii. partys. The one goth to the ryght bray or thyghe / & y^e other to y^e lyfte / and comme branche wyse downe throughe the shynnes to the fete / and make. iiii. vaynes. The fyrst is named Sophena / of the innermest holownes of the anclewe. The secound / Sciatica on the vtter parte of it. The thyrde / Poplitica betwene the great too and the other. The. iiii. is Renalis / be­twene the lytel too and y^e other. These vaynes be lett blode for dyuers dyseases / for this cause ther be in the shynnes. iii [...]. great vaynes that oftētymes bryngeth in great cours of blode with peryll and Jeopardye ¶ Auicē. saith y^t the senowes of y^e fete cōme from y^e fenowes of y^e hādys / but they take theyr begynnynge from the laste spondylle of the kydneys / and the bone sacri. It is to be vnderstande that by the forme or dyspo­sycyon of musclus y^t woūdes by the ioyn­tys be peryllous / and sore to be feryd. The grose boundys come out through y^e shyn̄ys and be openly shewyde from beneth by the knees and on the helys / and in the ioyntys of the artycles / the sole of the fote is all full of boundes.

THe fyrste that is namyd the thygh is a great mary bone / and rounde at both the endys The vppermost roundues is named Uertebrum / and en­treth in y^e brode bonys of the hanches. The nether parte toward y^e knee hathe. ii. roundnessys / whiche cōme in. ii. holownessys of the fyrste shynne bone na­myd Osfocile / and theron is a roūd brode bone namyd the worle bone or knee shyue / and so is the knee full made. ¶ Tha [...] weth the shynne bone / and therbe. ii. [...] namyd focilia / y^e byggest [...] former syde makyd the gaderynge of [...]es / and cōmeth downe from the kn [...] onto y^e fote / and maketh the anclewe on the inner syde. The other on the vtter syde lyke wyse descē dynge shyftynge her selfe to the fote by the other focili bone / and maketh y^e vttermeste anclewe / and these. ii. shynne bonys make betwene them bothe one holownes / where as the fyrst bone of the fote is receyued in. And in y^e fote be. iii. acyes or gaderynge of bonis In y^e first acyes be. iii. bōys gadered togyder ī one rowndnes. The fyrst of these iii. bonys is namyd Cahap / or Astrala­gus and is rounde onether syde. In the vp permost roundnes is festyned in the holownes of focilium / and ther hath the fote me­uynge. In the other roundnes is festyned the holownes of the bone namyd Nauicu­laris. Than folowed incontynent vpon the fote the bone named Cahab. The bone Nauicularis is lyke a shypholow on both sydes. In y^e fyrst holownes is receyued the roundnes of the bone Cahap. In the other holownes commeth the roundnes and ga­derynge of the bonys of the fote. Under [Page] these. ii. bonys is made the hole bone & pro­porcyon of the hele / wherin is festynyd the hole fote / and beryth outward behynde for y^e great bondis that be in it. ¶ Now vnd­stande that after the bone Nauiculare is in contynent the seconde hepe of the bonys of y^e fote / wherin be. iii [...]. short bonys / of y^e whiche the one is namyd Grandinosum. These bonys be rounde accordynge to the bone nauiculare / and be rounde towarde y^e thyrde hepe of the bonys. ¶ In the thyrde hepe be v. bonys lōge / and receyuynge the articles of the toes / whiche be also. v. in nombre / & eche hath. iii. bonys saue y^e great toe hathe but. ii. bonys. ¶ Thus ther be in the lytel [...]te. xxvi. bonys. And in the hole great fote be. xxxviii. bonys. ¶ Thus may a sur­gyon marke by this / howe he sholde breke dysmembre / and ioyne agayne togeder / & amonge all other the lytell fote is moste daungerous to dysmembre / and set agayn togeder / and the lyghtest is the knee / and the myddelmost is in the thyghe. [...].

AFter the declaraciō that is made of the Anathomia / ye shall vnderstand that I wyll begyn̄e by ordre the handworke of surgery / & fyrst I wyll begyn̄e with the woūdes / that be hewydor betyn only through the skyn̄e vnto the flesshe / & how ye shall demeue your selfe to cure and hele them by the grace of god. ¶ Compelle and ioyne the lyppes of the woūdes togeder [...] your hande / and lay towe therto with the whyte of an egge / tempered with a lytell cōmon salt and bynd it accordynge to the nede. ¶ The woūdyd ioynt must rest and be holdyn styll / for through rest it must be cured or ellys other accydentis wyll put back your cure through effusyōs or corrup cyōs of blode / non̄ other curynge is of nede so that the woūde be without payne and y^e depth well dysposyd / but if there be great payre in it / for that sholde be a tokyn that the fas in the depth were hurt / or the pan­nycle that is betwene the flesshe and the bone whiche couereth the bone. Marke the wordes of Guidonis that sayth / ye shall neuer begyn̄e to hele a woūd tyll all other ipedimētis be first voydyd from it / whiche to fallyngis or accidentis happen most in great woundis.

WHan there come to y^e any great woūde / that is nat only through the skyn̄e / but also through y^e flesshe vnto y^e bone / without and to fallyngis or accidētis. Than shyft the lyppes of it togeder proply and clene / and thā festyne them accordyng to theyr nede. whiche festenynge may happen in diuers maners wherof I wyll writ the most cōmon. Yf the wounde be than so great that that byndynge only ware nat ynough for it. Or if y^e wounde were ouer twhart a hole [...] / and that the lyppys of the wounde drew [...]de a sonder / & myght nat be bounde togeder. Than shyfte y^e lyppys or vpperparte of the woūdis togeder / and beware ther cōme no maner of onclennes of dust / here / oyle / nor non̄ other thyng that the gadered helynge therby myght be let. ¶ Than take a iii. square nedyll as the skyn̄ers occopy / and se that the nedyll be holowe grauen out about theiye / so that y^e threde that shall go therin may lay flat in y^e holownes. The threde shall also be twyned togeder without any knottys & waxed wherwith ye shall festyne / and the feste / nynge is in. v. maners. ¶ Fyrst the cōmon festenynge as to the forsayd belongeth / is that ye shall set the fyrst stiche in y^e myddis of the woundys lyppys / the other a fynger brode betwene euery. ii. stiches / and so to the ende tyll there be stiches ynough / but begyne neuer at the ende / thentent that the woūde may be y^e purer festenyd [...]out any fro [...]cys. Therfore y^e stiches shalbe alway adde whāther behoueth more thā twayne [Page] ¶ Also ye shall vnderstāde whā y^e woūde is depe & ouertwhart / than must y^e styches be y^e deper festenyd for. ij. maner of causes / the fyrst is because that it shold brest out y^e lesse. the seconde it sholde matter the lesse / and because y^t sholde be the lesse holownes vnderneth. Ye shall nat nede to festē it depe if y^e woūde be of length. And whā ye haue festenyd y^e woūde / se that ye ouer cast your threde twyse or ye knet the knot / for ellys it wolde brest out agayne or ye cowde knet it / as I haue sene oftyn of vnlernyd surge­ons / but euer kepe your fynger vpon it tyll it be fast knet that ye be nat deceyued with one knot / but whā it is ouercast as before is sayde / ye nede nat to fere the yeopardy. And whan that ye haue done as I haue let nydin the stychynge as before is sayd / thā do after my co [...]soll and folewe these noble lernyd men and surgeons / as Lāfrancus / Guido / Guilhelm? / Placēti [...] de saliceto / do theyr cōmaūdemēt and fayle nat to bere vpō you this powder. ¶ A Powder. made of whyte franckencence. ij. partys / dragons blode. i. parte / and one thyrd [...]te of lyme made of egge shellrs / & make all these in one powder and temperit with y^e whyte of an egge / & lay that on y^e wounde with tawe / though it haue nat bē vsyd tyll this tyme but with the whyte of anegge & salt. But this fornamyd powder is moche better and profitable. and this is the fyrst maner for to stiche y^e woūdis. ¶ The secōd maner is to sowe ouer hande as y^e skyn̄ers do / & that fortuneth in y^e bowels or sypha [...] & that is the call that kepe the bowels eche by other. ¶ The thirde maner is for to put the nedyll through bothe the lyppys of the woūde / and let the nedyll byde therin stic kynge / and than take the threde and wynd it about both the endis of the ne [...]yll. vi. or vii. tymes / and let it byde so styll as longe as it nedis / as it fortuneth in wyde or lar­ge woundis. ¶ The fourth maner is that somtyme a stychynge or festynynge happe­neth for to staūche blode / and that is whan ye se a vayne blede sore / as the vayne of the necke / or y^e voūded betynge vayne / thrust that vayne through with the nedyll / and after the nedyll / knet the vayne fast with y^e threde that is in the nedyll / & than drawe the nedyll through / and let an ende of the threde byde hāgynge at it a certeyn dayes tyll that vpper parte of the vayne doth pu­trifye / and that y^e thred go out by hym self. ¶ The. v. maner hapeneth in the face / or in suche place as wolde nat be sene / and also in tēder people that were nat able to suffer the fornamyd stychynges / and eke in great woūdis that haue y^e lyppis wyde a soūder & thus if shalbe ordered. Take lyttell lyn­nen cloutys thre square and spred them [...] this salue / made of dragātū / dragons blode / Olibanū / Masticis / Sarcocolle / of eche one dragma. Myldust out of the myll thre dragmas. The whyte of an egge so moche tyll it be ynowgh. Than lay vpon euery syde of the woūde the pecys eueriche of them an ynche from other. And whan y^e cloutis be well drye / thā sowe them or sty­che them togeder. Thus endyth th is chaptuor of the stichynge or festynge of y^e small or symple woūdis / that be chaūced in the skyn̄e / or in the flesihe.

FYrst it is to be regardyd whe­ther the woūde be in y^e length of the senowe or in the brede. Or that it is only a prycke w^t a nedyll / an alle / thorne / bod [...] kynor any suche lyke. Or that the senowe is ouer twharthewed clene of / or cut. Or that it be cut through y^e length. Nota whan the senowe is hurt with a foy­ne / than is the woūde close. than it is nede to make the woūde wyder and put therin oyle of rosys made with on [...]ype oyle oylue / wermer thā he may well suffre it. so longe tyll the woūde be full. furthermore y^t shall be layd to the woūde fyn turpētyne that is pure / whyte / and well wasshed betwene. ij. clothes. and y^e woūde and lym̄e about it

IF it fortuneth y^t vene ca­pillares / whyche be the smallest veynes / or vene maiorum / whiche be the gret blode vaynes / or ar terie / that be the betyng veynes were hurte / and dyde blede sore / thāne is it nedefull that ye beholde the maner of the woundyd man / the complexcyon / the age / & the strength of youthe / specyally ye must marke yf he haue moche blode in his body / than let ynough go out of it / yf ye be called therto betyme. But yf ye cōme nat intyme by hym / so that he through fawte of blode sholde become faynt & feble / thā marke yf y^e blode cōme from venis capillarivꝭ / for they be vaynes as small as heer / yf it so do / thā after y^e stitchynge of y^e woūde / it is s [...]ffycy ent to laye to it / the whyte of an egge with towe & with the powder afore namyd / for that powder stauncheth blode and cōgluti nesh the lyppys of y^e woūde togeder. Whā the blode cōmeth from the great vayne na­med vena matorū / thāne it cōmyth slowly forthe / & it is groce / and enclyneth hym to a purpre colour / blackysshe / & whā it is nat staūched / it is dedly / for the blode is y^e tre­sour of the lyfe. And Auicēna wryteth that yf y^e woūdyd ꝑsone haue any of these chaū ches / that is to saye Spasmus whiche is y^e crampe / or Cincopis that is the swowyng it is a suspecte tokyn or sygne / Also whā y^e blode commeth from the arterie / whiche is the betyng vayne / ye shal knowe it by this tokyn / for the blode commyth spryngynge out / lyke as the vayne closyth and open [...] ▪ If it be nat staunchyd lyghtely / the woun dyd parson bledyth hym selfe to deth. Therfor it is nat ynough alway to vse the forna­myd staunchynge of blode. But this veyne behoueth a mighty strōge staūchyng of blode / & y^t may be done in. ii. maners. Therfor we can nat vndstāde y^t y^e blode of y^e woūde cā be staūchyd only w^t the drynes y^t be layd to y^e woūde as it is afore sayd. But ye shall haue therfor a rule / wher w^t the cowrs of y^e blode may be holpen & stoppyd / & y^t in many sondry wayes / somtyme it fortuneth that it wyll be holpen with byndynge of the contrary syde ouer agaynst y^t woundyd place somtyme with rubbynge / somtyme with lettynge blodr in another place / somtyme w^t boxinge / somtyme with ymagynacyō / that she woūdyd parson doth ymagyne or thynke that he bledid nomore. ¶ The secōd [Page] rule or maner is how ye shall vse the vtter more dryenge / namyd the localia / & howe it sholde be layd vpon the woūde and vay­ne / and this is of dyuers maners occupied & rulyd / somtyme with noyse that causeth one to sterte for fere that the blode rōneth or congelyth / or the dryenge be layd to it / sō ­tyme it dryeth with fastynge of the vayne with the nedyllor the trede / somtyme with brēnynge & with other wayes as ye shall here. ¶ whan ye haue dressyd a woūde w^t the drynke substances afore namyd / & that it wyll nat staūche / than it is necessarie for to remedy the cowrs of y^e bledynge / in this maner / ye shall bynde and rubbe the cōtra­rye parte as if the ryght hande dyd blede / than ye sholde rubbe the lyft arme well vp and downe / and after that rubbynge bynd it w^t a wollen selue ege of clothe to tentent that the blode may rōne to socour the place that is so fore boūde bycause that the other place so bledyng may staūche / but nat sul­ly / for if it were hole stoppyd / the lym̄e or place myght ware styffe and lese his felyng and be as deed. And thus may ye do from y^e lyft hande to the ryght / and frome y^e ryght syde of the heed to the lyft fote / and in y^e sa­me maner may be done with boxyng & flee­mynge / also with closynge of the woūdyd parson or with settynge at wyndow & his heed outwardis that he se no maner of red­de / and say alway to hym that he bledyth nomore / than ye dyde fleem hym or let him blode for his helth. And thus is y^e naturall strēgth enforcid / & blode staūched through the contrarye ymagynacyon / and this is y^e fyrst maner for to staūche y^e flode of bledig The other maner or rule is how ye ought to order your pacyent in the localia / that is in the laynge on of the dryinge substance or syccatyf without with the hand. And this is done in many maners. ¶ Galienꝭ in qui to terapēti / Lanfrancus of myllayne / Gui do / conclude all togeder that in the cour [...] of the blode whiche can nat be staūched w^t the for said mysterijs / than lay your fynger softh vpon the mouthe of the woūde of the vayne / holdynge it styll tyll y^e blode do rō ­ne or gely / or ye lay any drynes or syccatyf to it. The other maner or rule is y^t ye shall haue alway by your powder that of their owne nature doth staūche or restrayne the blode / & that the powder haue in hym selfe suche strength that whan it towcheth the vayne / that it therwith may close / which strength is namyd stiptica / and that cau­seth also the flesshe to growe. Another ma­ner folowynge / is that if ye cane get y^e vayne by the ende and festene it / as it is shewed before in the. xiii. chaptre. Another maner to brēne the ende of the vayne that it may haue an estra which is a skurffe or shrynk [...] ge togeder / & that is in. ii. maner of waies. ¶ The syrst is done w^t sharp dryēges or cy catyffes / as w^t vitriole / brēt or onbrēt / or ellys w^t vnslycked lym̄e. The seconde w^t a brēninge yrō or golde whiche belōgeth to y^e vayne / as sayth Aui. The hote cauteriū shalbe done in this maner w^t a hote brēnyn ge yrō & y^t it be depe to thētent it may make a gros estrā or skurffe / whose offallyng be natheuy. The cauterys or yrōs y^t ye brēne w^t be figured here vnderneth / and ye nede nomore instrumētis than here be figured / for ouer many doth trouble.

[Page] ¶ Theodoricꝭ prayseth Arcenicū sublima­ticum w^t suche brēnynge / for that stoppeth all great flode of y^e blode / & also it maketh alōge durynge estram or scurffe. Another is that ye must lay that lym̄e right that it hange nat as nere as it is possyble. Also if it hath bled moche before / take it nat of in iii. or foure dayes tyll y^e vaine be somwhat helyd. And take your bynding is of wysely and nat rechelessy lest ye hurt the vayne & cause it to brēne vpon a fresshe. ¶ If that y^e syccatyffes or byndynges be taken to it / thā ye shall lay wete thinges to it an howr of twayne because ye sholde nat hurt your pacyent / nor trowble your self / & ye must do it thus / take the whyte of an egge / and vyle of Roses well betyn togeder / and lay y^t to it / or ellys take a fayre lyn̄en clowte & depe it in wyne and lay that to it. Ano­ther maner of dryeng as this / ye shall lay your fynger vpon the mouthe of the vayne tyll the blode besomwhat ronne that it be thycke / and than must ye haue a powder

IF nowe there were no vayne hurt nor no flode or course of blode / & that there were betwene the ꝑtys of y^e woūde a pece of a bone / a pece of y^e arowe / thorne / a splynter / & that the wounde were to narow. Thā it is nede for you to cut or make the mowthe of it more wyder / & that in two maners. ¶ The fyrst with a tente made with y^e rote of gencyane / or pyth of el [...] or of a we [...]e pece of a spōge boūde hard [...] a threde and dryed vpon an yron / and thā the threde taken of agayn / and here of ma­ke tentys / one smaller than another / & occopy th [...]m tyll ye haue made the wounde as bygge as nede requyreth / or as ye desyre.

¶ The second maner is / that ye shall cutte the wounde wyder with a payre of cysars or with sheres ther to belongynge / as here is fygured / but that is dredfull to the wou dyd ꝑson [...] counsell fo [...] [Page] But if those cā nateas / & y^t y^e diseasyd ꝑsone cā nat for great feer abyde y^e cuttyng / Thā must ye make this slepe drynke and geue it hym to drynk / wherof he shall [...] in slepe and fele nother cuttynge nor payne / & thus must y [...] make it.

WHan any pacyent cōmeth to you / this is my coūcell that ye demaūde of hym / howe and in what maner this chaūce dyde fortune hym / in what maner and forme that this is shote or other wyse cōme to hym / as of y^e thynges y^t therin be remayned / lyke glasse / yron / thor [...]e / arow hede / or other dyuers thynges / sōme be ryght / somme croked / sōme rounde / sōme hoked / somme square / sōme triangled / sōme holowed where tymber hathe ben in / somme venymed / and sōme nat venymed. [Page] Som stycke fast in the flesshe / & som in the bone / & som so depe in the body that it go the almost through bothe the sydes. And whā ye be well assured of these / than it is nede y^t ye haue som instrument in your besynes be longynge to this worke. Of the whiche y^e fyrst be tonges or nypers / half mone wyse and inwardly tothed.

¶ The other be ryhgt terebellys sharp before / lyke as ye se fygured and counterfayted here benythe / whan the hede of the arow is bro­ken of / thanne ye maye perce with your instrument in the tymber sof­tely and so drawe it out.

¶ The other be nypers or pynsons / namyd Albucasys / and is formed lyke the byll or nebbe of a storke w^tin dentyd tethe whiche is fygured as it is shewyde by this instru­mēt that stondyth here benethe betwene y^e other. ii.

¶ The other be tonges or nypers that be brode / indentyd and holowe as che nebbe / for to take out a gone stone / lyke as here stondyth benethe on the other syde.

¶ The other be terebellys y^t be viced going in a pipe / lyke as it stōdith fygured here be nethe on y^e one syde / and it is for to take an arow hede out whā the wode is out of it.

[Page] THe maner in suche cause to worke is this. Thou shalt marke y^e tokens of lyfe or dethe or ye shall begin̄e to worke yfye se any tokē of dethe / thā take nothige out of the body at that tyme for fere of dethe before he hath taken his sacrament. ¶ The fyrste tokē / as whan the shot is in the heed brayne / so suffer the pacyent greate payne wherby the s [...]ome auoyde out of the mouth and at the woūde. ¶ That other token / as the shot is in the herte / so commyth ther out blacke blode. ¶ The thyrde token / as the shot is in the loungis / than there commeth scōmynge blode out. ¶ The. iiii. token / as the paciente is towchyd in the mawe / than gothe his meet vndisgest out. ¶ The. v. token / as the paciēt is towchyd in his guttis so he auoydyd his tordre out. ¶ The. vi. token. as the pacient is towchyd in his blad­der / so he auoyde out his water / and that is a sygne of dethe / And in all other places there the pacient is hurt / there as the sygne of dethe is not pull out of the wounde that shot / as I shall lerne you. and than heele it as another wounde. And that shot shall be taken out in sondry maners. And there is iii. principall maners of takenout. ¶ The fyrste that muste be taken out with tongys and instrumētis. The. ii. that with might is smyten through cōmynge out on y^e other syde. The. iii. is / as the shot wyll not cōme out / or maye not be drawe out w^tout more harme / and you maye not make the woūde greter with cuttynge or with tentys. So let the wounde certeyne dayes putrifye / so cōmyth the shot better out / Neuertheles it must be handeled softly / and there vpon ley the plaster drawyng to the sore / as I shall lerne you ¶ Yf it be so that an arow is poysoned / yf any body is shoten with a gonne / so do as I shall lerne you. y^e which drawne with plasters it wyl nat be well done with out the woūde be wyder made w^t cuttynge or with tentys. Also sayth Henricus that it maye be hastly drawne out. And so saith Auicenna / Albucasis / and Brunus. And ther after maye ye heele the wounde as ye wyll heele an other woūde / No more ther to do than the superfluence blode which is becōme to matter in the wounde / that it be clensyd. If ye be in feare of comynge more payne / so maye ye put in the wounde hote oyle often tymes. ¶ And as ye wyll begyn̄e to worke / & ye haue knowledge whether it be an arowe / or a gonne pylleth / or another thyng. And yf the shot is in y^e heed w^t any other dyseas or to fallyng / so drawe the arowe out craftely with a pyle tongge lyke as here to fore the pyctor or fygure sheweth. ¶ Is any body shot in the arme or legge / and the tymbre be from the yron / so cut that other syde agaynst the wounde / & drawe out that yron. ¶ If he be shot in his body and the tymbre be out of his body frō the yron / thanne muste you [...]erche the yron with a tonge or a small instrument of yron where that it is / Than drawe it proprely out / Yf y^e woūde be to narrowe than may ye do as is aforesayd w^t tentys or cuttyng / Yf he maye suffre it wakyng or slepynge / & so drawe it out with your instrument / Yf it may not so be / ley there vpon a plaster / & gyue the pacyent a drynke as I shall lerne you in this chaptre / & also in Anthidotario The pacient shall lye opon y^e woūde as he may best suffre / bycause that y^e sayd drynk and plaster maye the better drawe out the yron / And as ye may ꝑceyue y^e yrō / drawe it out. Neuer shall you pull out y^e shaft frō the yron as one is shot with an arrow. Yf the shaft be shot deep in the body / in the plu [...] kynge out of the arrow ye leese the yron of the arrow so that ye can nat fynde it. So it was be happenyd kyng Mathyse of hūgri was shotten with an arrow in ana [...]me the tymber cam out / and y^e y [...]on cowde not be [Page] founde / The sayd kynge ꝓ [...]ysyd who that cowde get out that yron w^tout harme do­ynge he wolde geue them great good. Thā cam to hym hans dockenborth and drest y^e woūde ther he was shotten in / and bande hym so that ther cam no matter out frō the woūde in many dayes / and leyd vpward aboue y^e woūde an defensyfe a colde plaster

A Man shotien with a poysoned arrow or ony other wepē. and you haue takē out the arrowe in suche maner & for­me as is afore writē. For y^t which venym shot the same person hath greate harme that the same ve­nyme cometh from one ioynte to another, for faute of takynge hede betyme. ¶ I iheronymus broūswyk born in strae soorow haue sene one was byttē in his thombe which he wolde a reested / & he had etyn in y^e night som what / hauyng in mynde that daye to poyson arrowes and other wepēs / and as he wolde a reested that man he cast hym on the groūde and so cam his thombe in y^e mā ­nys mouth & he booted the thome and wold not leue his bythynge vnto to the tyme his mouth was full of blode / wherby he was almoost choked with the sayd bloode / thā he opened his mouth and let hym goo / and sayd he had ynoughe to saue his lyfe / for as moche as the thome was so fore it must be cut of / and after that was y^e hande cut of / & after that was cut of the arme / and y^e body was swollē so byg that they cowde skante saue his lyf. therfore it is nede to take heed with the fyrst to gyue hym tryacle magna one dragne medled withe wyne / therein must be soden tormentyll dyptan & master roote and rew wat (er) as moche as is y^e wyne eche an ounce. And that shalbe gyuē hym at euery. xxiiii. ouris. In y^e woūde ther as the arrow is puld out / put warme violet oyle made of lynneseed oyle / and in y^e same woūde shall ye put a tent depe in the sayd oyle / and that wyll draw out the venym / and put the same oyle to the salue wherw^t ye wyll heele y^e woūde. and do in lyke wyse to them y^t is shot w^t a gōne / for that taketh [Page] [...]ut the [...]e [...]y [...] & that fyre / and bryngeth the woūdet [...] fayre matter into helynge.

ALso as ony body is shotten with a gon where as y^e pyl let is takē out of y^e woūde / & in y^e woūde abydteh y^e venym of y^e powder / be it in y^e arme or leg [...] herso euer [...]t be / so threst a lytyll rope of here through the woūde about all sydes of the woūde / & ther with shal ye drawe out that venym of the powder that is in y^e woūde. And than wyll there no matter come out. thā make a tente of bakō / and stryke a lytyll ther with of eer waxe / and that shall drawe out y^e venym of the woūde and of the a [...]ow / and to brynge the woūde to matter. Thant, [...]ll y^e woūde with good salue.

THrse woundes happeneth by inyght of fallynge / or that the one the other pusshyth / su the woūde happeneth also w^t [...] thyng that is not sharp and not cuttynge / and not pryc­kynge / as a clobbs / or a stat / or a croked sta [...] / or that one falleth frō heyth / & in all suche lyke case. Therfor these woundes be indyfferente frome the woundes cuttynge with swordes or daggers / or with other sharpe wepens that cutteth or prycketh / or stytchyd. And also to this afore sayd woun des behoueth another cure / for to this woū des as they be fresihe we behoue one cōglu­tinaturū / is as moche to saye as lymyng to gydder. Mundificatiuum / is to saye clen­synge yf it be need. Therwith Consolidati num / that is the wounde to heele. But it is neuer good helyng without fayre clensyng ¶ In this brusshed woundes is not to doo suche a cure / for in y^e crusshed woundes is [...] flesshe brusyd and the corpora of the vay nes & synewes. Also it fortuned somtyme that y^e brusynge happeth without woūde that is somtyme in the fleshe / somtyme in the synewes / and somtyme within the best of y^e body. Of this afore sayde wyll I not wryte / than only of the brusynge that hap peneth with woundes. ¶ Item If ther cō meth a fore you suche a wounde in the fles she / and ye wyl begynne to worke with cōsolidaty [...] / ye muste loke on the complexyō of the persone / and of his age / yonge or ol­dr / or lene of body / or full of blode or mo [...] [...] nes / so must you let hym blode on the va [...] ne on y^e contrary syde / which takyth [...] [...] the matter that wold growe to an [...] me. And yf the complexyon of the pe [...] [...] de weke or feble / and olde / or lytty [...] of blode / so behoueth hym not to be lett [...] blode. The place of the body must be defen dyd of the cōmynge of yl [...]accyde [...]tys of an unpostume / and to flode of the blode / and that shalbe done with warme oyle of roses strykynge often ther with about [...] wounde & ther vpō strawe the powder of [...] berrys of myrtylle. And as the wound [...] begynne to gyue matter so is nede to clen se it with y^e yelke of eggys / and with oyle of [...]ofes / be tyn to gydder / & so laye it an aly [...]ne clothe and laye it on y^e wounde / and ther vpō laye a mundificatiuum of rose hony / [...]rly meel and alytell whytte beten turpa [...]yn / and that muste be done so often vnto the tyme it rot [...]yd and the matter and y^e brusynge may cō [...] [...]esshe / and ther after do the flesshe growynge as it is nede. And if the brusyd place be full of syne wes as in the fete & han des / Soleye not ther vpon that sayd yelke of egges / nor that mundificatyft / nor bar­ly mele / but stryke the woūde about with warme oyle of roses / and ther vpon strawe the powder of myrtylle berrys / And laye on the wounde whyte wasshynge turpan­tyn betwene twolynnen clotys / And as y^e payne is withdrawen / and the swellynge begynne to syncke / than shall you occupye that aforesayde mundificatyfe of rose hony and barly meel / as it is wrytten in y^e chap­tre of the woundes and synewes. And this cure is oftē prou [...]d by [...] & [...]aliena

¶ An instrument to make a croked leg ryght.

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WHan the bonys be broken without woundynge of y^e flesshe y^t is namyd a broke or breakynge / and as the flesshe wyth the bonys is woundyd and there with that is callyth a broken wounde / or a woū de with the brekinge. And suche woundes happeneth in. ii. maners. The fyrst. as the flesshe w^t the bone is woūdyd w^t a sherp w [...] pen / & that happenyth in sondry maners / somtyme the bone is ouerthwart hewyn of and somtyme is but a parte hewyn of / and som is but a pece cut of. And another man­ner / whan the flessh of the bone is woūded somtyme whan one is beten with a clobbe / or with a staf / that the flessh and the bonys is brusyd & perysshed. sōtyme that one fal­lyth from a heythe / or that one is hurt with the cast of a stone or w^t another thynge / not onely the skyne / but also the flesshe / and y^e synewes be hurte / wherwith the bone be wounded / neuertheles seldon it happeneth yet it happeneth somtyme that the bone is rent or splenttyd / somtyme in great peces / and somtyme in lytell pecys. ¶ All these a fore sayde poynttes must the surgyon haue in the remembraunce er he begynne any cure te doo. The fyrst / yf any cometh to you with a membre therin that is brokē a bone and skyne / nor flesshe is not woundyd nor brusyd / than so do as I shall lerne you in y^e chaptre of brekynge of the bonys w^tout hurtynge of the flesshe /

Ifany body com to you he that is woūdyd through y^e skyne / flesshe / & bone / w^t a sherp knyf sword dagger or any other wepen / so be hold it well or y^t bone is a deell or holle cut thorow in l [...]ngth / or thwart / or pecys be cut of y^e bones or that y^e bone hāgyth on the vtter skynne or that ther be any small splyntis of a bone / y^t is ofnedefull to haue / as an arme pype / or alegpype / or a bray­ne panne / or y^tis a bone of no great need / as rybbis or kneshyfes or ther lyknes. [...]s ther a parte of the bone cut with a sharpe sworde / and that fleme next the bone is cut of therwith from the bone / so is that flesshe hard to grow on that bone wherfore must that bone be showen with an instrument wher w^t that the flesshe may grow agayne on the bone with vnguentum aureum secū dum Mesue / therafter shall you lay one mundificatiuum and consolat [...] / that is a grene woundyd salue / lyke as it ston­dyth in Antithodario / which salue takyth awaye the great currupcyon of matter / & helyth withall / as the woūde is before fyllyd with flesshe / and if ther by any small lytyll pecis or splyntis of the bone / so it is nedefull that the pecys by subtylte with your instrumēt takyng the pecys a waye / and than shall you hele the woundys lyke as I haue sayd before / & yf ther be any pe­cys aperynge out / that shall you cut of w^t your saw / also if any lytyll pecys of bonis be hāgyng on y^e flesshe for need must ye lose that from the flesshe / and the skynne sow to gydder agayn / & so bynd it lyke an other wounde / and yf that bone belongyth to a pype or to ioynt so nedyth to bestow it w^t your hand in his place agayne / and theron bynd it with your bonde in lyke wyse as I shall saye in y^e Chaptre of y^e brekynge of y^e bonis / and as in your byndynge / ye must leue a hole opēayenst y^e woūd so as ye may euery day dres y^e sayd woūd w^tout taking of y^e sayd boūde / & this woūde is to heel lyke as another woūd w^t more mūdificatyfe [Page] vp that the matter the lesser shall hurte the bone for y^e losynge of the bone / therfor nede you to laye adefensyuum aboue the woūde rounde about the ioynt / that the ioynt ha­ue no combraunce with the moystnes or superfluyte of the blode that y^e matter myght make the bone [...]o [...]e / And y^e pacyent must haue goode rule in meet / in drynke / and laxatyfe / for that letteth that no [...]postumacyō cōmyth. But Rasys saythe in the vii. boke of his surgery / that the ꝑsonys that hathe bonys brokē they shall eet but course meet whiche makyth course blode wherof y^e so­ [...]er may the bone be hole / y^t is as the skyn̄e and flesshe is nat woundyd / and that y^e bo­nys be not pery [...]hyd by the ayre / and incontynent all suche woundys muste be sette in his place and than sowed / that there cōme none impostume therto / and dryue y^e flode or the impostume away / and bynde it so as I haue sayde before / and the wounde shall be made hole without losyng of the boūde. ¶ As a wounde is in any bone that nede­full is to the body / ye shall hot take out one of them / as many as there be / as nye as ye can [...]teuery pece by hym selfe in his place.

OFten tymes is the pre­uy and depe wounde holpen with a drynke inwarde without so­wynge and byndynge And where it fortune not so to be / so saythe Galienus in tercio teg ni / that he shalle take awaye the multytude of blode / and it shal be holpen with a goode fygure. Throughe the fygure vnderstonde Auice [...] / that the mouth of the wounde shal be downward [...] the depte shall stande aboue / for the multitude of y^e matter maye the beter go out / as Galien? spekyth ad Glauconē / whā he he­lyth a depe wounde and the woūde was in the kne / & the stytchynge went downward to the skyn / than he cōmaunded tolyfte vp the skyn bone vpwarde hyer than the kne / bycause the woūde y^e soner myght be hole / & the matter the soner sholde auoyde. July ke wyse may be done vnto an arme. ¶ And yf the wounde wyll not auoyde the ma [...]tes and can not clense it w^t any water spowted therin as therto belōgeth / Thā worke af­ter the wordys of Galienus / he sayth in [...] ­ne tc [...]terapentis / As y^e woūde hath a depe hole and preuy / so must ye take hede yf the wounde may be clensedor nat / And as the woūde is to be made clene / so make it clene with a washynge and with threstynge out of the matter with a good byndynge / beginynge at y^e ende of the stytchynge of y^e woū de / and shal be boūden the longer the los [...] for cause y^e matter may nat be boūd behynd in the woūde / and that at the mouth of the wounde the matter may better auoyde out And yf that may not be with byndynge / so must ye seeke another waye / and that is in ii. maners. ¶ The fyrst maner / that you begyn̄e on the mouth of the woūde and cut vp all holownes to y^e ground of y^e wounde yf that may be done without harme of any vaynes / synewes and musclus or lacertes. ¶ The other maner is / yf that this cuttynge maye noot be / so put in the wounde a ser­chyng yrō / or a waxe cādell vnto y^e groūde of the wounde / & so make a hole at the ende of the wounde / that the matter therby may be clensyde / and bynde the wounde in lyke wyse as is a fore sayde / Ateche mouthe of y^e wounde shall the byndynge be loser and so see / so as the wounde maye be clensed the better / And mayster Brunus dyde put and vse in bothe the endys of y^e woūdes tentr [...]

[Page] And mayster Guydo vsyd with one tente bycause the pacyente shulde haue the lesser payne / and round about layde he one defensyuum / and vpon the wounde layd he one mundificatyuum / and ther after one consolydatiuum / and after that he helyde the wounde lyke another wounde / And if the wounde had many hooles within / that you can not knowe / so wa [...]e y^e woūde w^t y^e after writtē water that som what sherp as / and must be medlede with one mundi­fycatyfe / and so must ye spowt the woūde thryse or. iiii. tymes / & than dry y^e woūde / & bynde it in lyke maner as is aforsayd / frō the nedermoste parte to the mouth of the woūde / and y^e matter or moystnes shal be takē awaye w^t the spowte / & not threstyng the matter with the hand takyng out the matter of y^e woūdis mouth / and ye wolde thynk to threst y^e matter out / but you shol­de threst y^e blode out of it / which wolde be matter / wherby it lettyth the helyng of it / and doth moche harme. In lyke wyle I haue seene by a barbour y^t was not cōnynge / to hym cam one with a woūde in his arme whiche woūde gaue moche matter out / & the barbour threst out euery daye moche matter / and with the threstyng threst out moch other blode which was matter after warde / and it was so longe tyme duryng / toward marryng of y^e arme / which might at fryst [...] lytyll labour be holpen / in lyke wyse as I haue holpen hym. ¶ The fyrst maner sholde be / y^t aboue y^e woūd vpward sholde be layd one desensiuū about y^e arme which sholde defende the arme. That other is to rule hym of good meetis and drink is wherby y^e les moystnes shold be vnto hym The. iii. is to make holys on the other ꝑte of the woūde / and ther out takynge y^e matter / with wasshynge and in spowtynge / ther with the woūde shold be clensyd / and the arme boūde roūde about / that ther come no hete therto / In suche maner in lyke wyse haue I wrought & made som holys / ther the matter cāme out with a spowte / y^e other holys I stopped / one mūdificatyf I nede spowte therin / w^t a good byndyng I bounde it / and gaue hym good rule of mete & drynke / and of good purgacyons / and so doynge a weye the corrupciō from aboue / and wherwith was defendyd the membre of the arme / wherby he was ma­de hole / & had I done / the hole arme must be cut of. This haue I done wrytte that ye shall knowe how ye maye order you in suche a wounde / soo as all other parsonys not to be lost of theyr membr is / wherby as all surgeons sholde come to greate shame. Therfore take hede to these woūdys aforesayde. ¶ And that lauamente whyche is [...] clensynge water / & it is made in lyke wyse as here vnder appereth / & it helyd all hooll woundys / an it clensyth & makyth flesshe / & it helyd therwith. ¶ If any body ware shotē or stryken through the body / or that y^e woūde wyll fystule or raacke / so spowte therin y^e same lauamēt lewke warme / and that wyll [...]ull all the matter out / this dod twyse or tryse in a daye ther after as the patyent maye suffere / so longe that the water maye cōme clere out of the wounde.

WYll you beholpen of the venym bytynges of beestes / So it is good that ye folowe y^e lernynge of master Auicenna / Rasys / Rabbi moyses / and Heuricus. For they haue spokē of all venym / And the cure therof whiche belon­geth more to the phesycon than to the sur­gyon. And all suche bytynge woundes it is in. ii. maners. The one is done of a venymous beest / y^e other is done of no vem mo­beest / In lykenys as the bytynge of a man or womā / or of a dogge / of an hogge / hor­se / or a katte / or there lykenes.

¶ The venymous bytynge of mad dogges y^e styngynge of a snake / or adder / or y^e poy­sonynge of a [...]oode / or of a spyder / or ony o­ther lyke venymous beest. ¶ It is in two maners to haue in cure. The one is / to take away the venymous matter by the▪ he [...] cyon within / defenddynge the body from hurte / through the whiche hurte the racyente may be in ieopardy of his lyfe. ¶ The other maner is. the venyme without shalbe taken away by the Surgean / and shall be caused to growe flesshe / and than heled / & kepe the hole of the woūde some dayes opē er ye begynne to cure the wounde. ¶ The knowledge of the bytynge of a venymous beest. ye may knowe by the compleynynge of the pacyent / for he shall haue grete pay­ne and brennynge in his body / wherby ye may knowe it is to hym greate harme and greffe / for the venym or poysone desyreth none other but to ouercome the harte. And to suche venymous bytynges or styngyn­ges it behoned you to take good hede. And yf so be that the parson in the begynnynge fele not the token / it wyll afterward apere as paraduenture a moneth after / a yere aftor. vii. yeres after so may it be. For I haue sene a chylde bytē of a mad dogge / y^e woū ­de was heled and a yere after y^e same woū ­de began the rotte / and y^e chylde was mad and dyed therof. ¶ Wherfore yf there come ony parson to you dyten of any beest that is not venymous / and no token on them ap [...]ie ye nede to do none other thynge than you do to another cure. ¶ The cure of bytynge of [Page] all venymous beestes / Galienus in tertio terapen. sayth / whan that y^e payne cometh of a styngynge or bytynge of a beest / you shall take away the payne / and also the ve­nyme / by boxynge / or lettynge out of wyn de / or brennynge with a hote Iron / or w^t a warme bath / and this maketh loose the hole substaunce of the wounde / or lay ther to some drye thynge hote to take a waye the beny [...]e / Therfore cōmaundeth Lanfran­cus and other surgyons to set therto a ven­tous and take away the venymous bloode or that euyll bloode shall be se [...]ed or brent with a hote Iron or cauteries / that the cō ­mon people brēneth w^t a kaye of his chyrch ¶ Upon suche a wounde som layth a sym­ple medecyne to drawe out the venyme / y^e whiche is done with garlyke / and with on [...]ons stamped with buter. Also as Guido sayth dothe the common people for lacke of surgyan in lyke wyse / they take a hynne & plucketh the fethers from her arse / and la­yeth y^e hennes arse all quycke vpon y^e woū de / and the henne dyeth of the venyme that cometh out of y^e woūde. The wounde shal be open at the leest. xl. dayes. Than the in­wardly cure behoueth more for the phesycy on thā for y^e surgyā / Ye shall knowe howe to take away the venymous blode. ¶ In the begynnynge you shall not let out the blode of the vayne / bycause that y^e venym sholde not be sprede through all y^e mēbres / and also gyue them nothynge laxatyue in the bely / that y^e venym go not w^t in thrugh all the membres / therfore must be set y^e ven to [...]e aforesayd / whyche strongly pulleth to hym the venymous blode / & after the thyrd daye it is good to be let blode on the vayne and so to cause the Melancoly with lyght medecynes / as in dressynge Epitimy with gootes mylke / and he must be in rest of his harte / Also he must take and [...]ethe the heed and fete of a yelded shepe / and in the brothe therof often tymes was [...]he his feete / And if it be so that the parson may not beholen w^t the symple drynes / thā shall ye make hym a composita.

As y^e woūde voydeth mat­ [...] / [...] shall you clense it / [...] then ye shall cause the [...]she to growe / and after that the [...]. The clen­synge [...] [...] [...]. The fyrst [...] [...] / to tente it with lynte layde within to [...]ke out the matter / or for to [...]pe y^• [...] [...] [...] the matter may [...] his [...] / The other maner is with wasshynge [...] [...]eth y^e matter and the [...]. The [...]es is vsed for vi. causes / T [...] is in the narowe woū de whiche [...] must be made wyde / and take out [...] of the grounde / ly [...] [...] [...] [...]s a hol [...] wounde there as [...] matter [...]ed to drawe it out. The other [...] is for to make in y^e holowe wounde / for as longe as y^e matter lyeth in the wounde there wyll no flesshe growe in the wounde / but it wyll alwayes rote more and more. ¶ The. iii. maner is in the woundes that is altred by the ayre / or by his one nature that is comen to [...]oftyng w^t the tentes and so clensed. ¶ The. iiii. ma­ner is to the woundes that the one gothe to the other / and the one is clensed through y^e other. ¶ The. v. maner is in holdynge the open a sore vnto the tyme that the natur be clensed. ¶ The. vi. maner is of an eatynge wounde / that the [...] sha [...]owke the wate [...] of y^e wounde / & cast out the [...]yll flesshe rosideabout. ¶ The. vii. maner is in the woundes by the bones / that the matter shall come the better out of it. Therfore were ye that the tentes be made in dyuers maners. for the tentes that is vsede for the clensynge of the woundes / they are [...] of fayre shauynges of whyte lynnen cloths and som be made to holde the lyppes open of the wounde with fyne small [...]owe / or smal peces of fyne ly [...] / or of fyne cotton as Rasys dyde [...] [...] of syluer / or of ty [...]e / [...] as [...] [...] y^e nose thrylles for to take the ayre / or to put into the woū de that the matter of hym selfe may go out. Som he made for tomake narow woūdes wyder / and that is made of the rote of gencian [...] of a sponge / as I haue lerned in the. xv. chaptre. The clothes of lynnē layd drye in the woundes / [...]nd somtymes layde to stepe in [...] as the surgyon thyn­keth best. And as the wounde is clensed of the matter / and the wounde is almost hole It is nedefull to lay [...] a drawynge [Page] plaster which [...]eth flesshe & heleth / lyste wyse dothe the woundeth plaster / as I shall lerne in Anthydodario. If y^e woūde be chaūged by moche matter castynge / & y^t y^e woūde haue chaūged his course in an [...] [...]us / whiche is an olde [...] / As sone as ye haue clensed y^e same woūde ye must cause y^e flesshe to growe / for it is called [...] woūde cō posita or vlcus / & they behoueth all tymes a mūdificatiuū / incarnati [...]ū / & therto consol idatiuū. A symplecuttynge woūde y^t is not changed by the ayre / and bydeth in his cōple [...]yon / the woūde nedeth no more but the helynge of the wounde. ¶ The maner to cause y^e flesshe to growe in the woūde af­ter the stoppynge of the blode / & that ye be [...]re of y^e imp [...] clense the woūde of the gre [...] [...]atter w^t a mūdificatiuum as here after stondeth in the chaptre of y^e mū ­dificaty [...]s / & thā wasshe y^e woūde w^t reed wy [...] / & after y^e laye vpō the woūde y^e dry­nes y^t causeth flesshe to growe / as herafter I shal lerne you. The h [...]lp we woūde or y^e woūde in the synewes / ye shal heele it lyke as of thē in euery chaptre sheweth. ¶ And as y^e woūde is full of flesshe / so cause there­vpō y^e sky [...]e to growe. And to make y^e skynne shal fynde in y^e [...] of y^e cōsolidati [...]e.

[...]Or the helyng of fresshe woūdes [...] bawine artificiall lyke as is vsed in y^e cyte of Argētina The bawine warmed & dropped in y^e woūde & sowed & euery daye twyse dressed / therof haue I sene greth [...] [...]. ¶ If y^e cure of baw [...]e helpe not at the desyre of y^e surgyan / so shall you knowe y^e poore & natur of euery thynge y^t ye wyl hele for in y^e l [...]de it [...]ly / & [...] lō de it heleth not / lone mēbre it heleth / [...]another it heleth not / [...] lōdes of ytalia / [...] flo [...]ce / y^e [...] of y^e [...] heleth not lyghtly / nor in the hole body of suche [...]s y^t haue lytell blode or [...] / as y^e hote drynes the [...] is layde [...]th y^e blode & dryeth / thrugh the whiche y^e helynge let­teth / for y^e cōglutinaryon [...] [...] as [...]one as a hoote dry [...] is layde vpō [...] de blood / for the hoote drynes dryueth out the grete moystnes of [...] blode / therof cometh the sooner helynge. Therby maye you knowe y^t in hye Almayne / lyke in [...] te / Swauē / Beye [...] / F [...] / & fr [...] to Colē / y^t euery ꝑson hath [...]he slyme blode / excepte they y^t be coler [...] / & as th [...] [...] slimy moystnes is consumed / so in [...] y^e growynge of the flesshe. Therfore [...] [...] possyble to cure y^e woūdes [...] dryne [...] hoote & dry / but it is cō [...] to hote [...] & as the landes be colder & m [...]yster / y^e drynes must be hooter and dry [...] [...] all woūdes heleth in the hote [...]des in the [...] de ꝑsones as in [...]legmaty [...]. [...]n lyke [...] is in colde lōdes heleth all woūdes w^t drynes y^t be hote & drye better [...] [...] hote [...] And the workynge of y^e b [...] doth thus The fyrst put it [...] y^e woūde [...] [...] / [...] y^e lewke w [...] & marke [...] [...] ­tes / so may you worke [...] [...] [...]e [...] out shame. I [...]ony [...]sone [...] to you y^t hath a woūde in y^e flesshe / & [...] [...] [...] colde lōde / [...] y^e lōdes in Almayn. If it [...]ly [...] woūde / so clense the b [...] y^e wounde w^t a dry spōge & neuer [...] [...] / & make [...] baw [...]e hoote & stepe therin cottō / & laye it warm vpō the woūde. And [...] the body [...] fat & full of hu [...]rs thā make y^e baw [...]e more hoter / so is y^e [...] [...]ed / and w^t her hote & drye [...] dryueth [...] ­warde w^t a ca [...] or hote [...] / If y^e [...] ­pes of the woūde be ferre in [...] they must be sowen togyder / thā clense y^e woūde [...] a drye spōge / & droppe in y^e woūde y^e baw [...]e all hote after y^e cōple [...]iō is of y^e [...]son / & sow [Page] [...] from eche [...] / for [...] ­ [...]e of attra [...] / [...] / [...] & y^e bawne heleth it [...] / [...] yet is not y^• [...] / [...] fore y^e lippes of y^e [...] be [...] / [...] heled [...] y^• [...]. It must be [...] sowed thā y^e woūde dr [...] w^t whyte of in egge / & lay by y^e sowyng of suche a woūde pow [...] to de [...]de / & holde y^e lyppes of y^e [...] de to gy [...] / therfor it is good in [...] lōdes & for drye & hote ꝑsons / & as [...] dressed a most [...]e in bony places w^t y^e [...] / thā shall [...] brēne y^e bone y^t begōne blacke / and in suche woūde y^e flesshe wyl [...] growe. Therfore make y^e [...]awm bu [...]rm / & somtyme [...]e may lay y^e bawm colde vpō [...] place by cause the woūde be not made to drye or [...]acke. ¶ As ye se y^e bawme worke to the woūde or ioyntes / so make it well hote. [...]. [...]. iii. dayes lōge / at euerytyme ī [...] [...] [...] of y^e [...] it may be resolued y^e moyst [...] thrugh [...] heete & y^e deynes of y^e bawme / [...] defende y^e woūde w^t [...] / [...] [...] [...] to y^e woūde [...] ye be sure [...] [...] to y^e woūde / thā laye the [...] clothe wet in [...] & bleta / & y^• [...]. In & hote lād & dry [...] bawm no more but twyse hote [...] the [...] and [...] the blode / & [...] [...] [...] [...] lay not [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] woūde / [...] to lay on a [...] ¶ This sholde you do vnto all [...] woūdes there as the bone be [...] / & so do it in woūded mēbres to be y^e [...] of limes / this bawme shall you fynde in Anthido. ¶ As ye haue [...] ordred togyder / & the peces y^t were [...]ed togyder / so hādell [...] mēbre [...]out payne / if it be possyble / so as I before & after shall wryte & after y^e clo [...]ynge of the woūde co­meth y^e helynge. ¶ The maner of byndyng of fresshe woundes is in thre [...] / as Ani. sayth / y^e fyrst doth y^e flesshe growe / & y^e other dryuethout / y^e thyrde holdeth / the byndynge for to do growe flesshe is clou [...] in two / & y^e heed of [...] bādelayde on y^e vay­ne agaynst y^e woūde / & bynde y^e ende aga­ynst y^e vppermost [...] of mēbre / & y^t is from y^e woūde / & that other ende of the bande on y^e nether [...]te of y^e mēbre / & so take bothe [...] endes / & bynde it backeward to y^e woūded place / y^e tyme of y^e bāde takynge of is whā y^e pa [...]yēt may no lōger suffre it. With this bynding y^e lyppes of y^e woūde wert boūde togyder / & taketh a way the swellyng / the harde byndynge whiche dryueth out sh [...] be vsed to y^e hole & depe woūde y^t w^t in is [...] ten for to dryue y^e matter out / & y^t nōe other matter shall come to y^e place / this do w^t y^e bāde y^t on y^e one ende is clouē / & begyn fyrst to bynde on y^e nether [...]te of y^e mēbre & byn­de it w^t y^e hardest / & so forth vpwarde vnto y^e vpper [...]te of y^e mēbre / Lyke as whā ony ꝑson is woūded in y^e legge / so bynde y^e legge bynethe vpwarde aboue y^e knee to y^e bely / & let the bāde be slytte at y^e kne to haue y^e kne at large / and that he may bowe it / If the wounde be on y^e left syde ther cometh out of euyll vnclene blode / so it is agaynst the mylte / and yf it be on y^e ryght syde / it is agaynst the lyuer / there cometh allmoyst nes to the membres. The bande that y^e drynes holde / is vsedon the plate there as no hyndynge may be / lyke as a heede / necke or bely / or as swellynge and dyslocacyon. This bande shalbe with many endes / and begynne the bynde vpon the sore place on [Page] bothe sydes. And this bande shall betaken of without payne / & yf it cleue by the mat­ter / ye shal suppe it with wyne tyl it be lose Gālienus sayth / it is vsyd / and that the hā des sholde be made of good olde lynnē cloth that is softe / smote / and clene / brode and longe after the bygnes of the membres / for the byndynge of a shulder / the bande must be. vi. fyngers brode. The bāde of a thygh of a legge must be. v. fyngers brode. The bande for an arme must be. iij. fyngers brode / and the bande for a fynger must be one fynger brode / and the lengthe of the bande shalbe as it is nede by the dyscrecyō of sur­geon. The maner of lyunen clothe or plu­macioles it is profytable to bynde togyder y^e partes that be lose / for to fortyfye y^t hote­nes on that membre / & to take away the heuynes of the hande. Ye may make it of fyne towe / or of hempe / or of flaxe that is well hecclede. and som maketh it of wolle / and nowe they make it of dowble lynnen cloth or with a sponge / and of them shalbe layde ii. or. iij. as the surgyan thynketh best.

This afore wrytten somtyme is layde on the wounde drye / & somtyme w^t the whyte of an egge / somtyme with wyne / and som tyme with oxcicrata / & somtyme with oyle or with other moystnes / and this is in. iij. maners. The one is thrysquare / y^t prayseth Auicenna / and they lay it on euery syde of the lyppes of the wounde / and vpō y^e woū de / & it causeth the flesshe to growe / and the woūde to come to gyder. The secōde is roū de / & is layd vpon y^e other to holde the naturall hete. The thyrde is fouresquare and they be layde for hurtynge of the bande.

IN the rulynge of y^e [...] [...]son / I wyll folowe y^e [...]yge of walls Auicē na / Galienꝭ / Lācfrācus [...] / & other maisters sayth. It is not good to gyue y^e pacyent at y^e fyrst wyne after y^t he is woū ­ded in the heede / or in ony other place ther as many synewe is / & moche blode / for no thynge gothe so sone thrugh y^e mēbres and also y^e braynes as y^e wyne dothe / & maketh moche vapores / therfore it is somtymē to y^e hole parsone hurtynge. The som ꝑsons that is hote / & moyst that hath moche blo­de / & is woūded in the heed or synewes / he must for bere wyne tyll he be hole. Unto y^e a colde ꝑson ye shall gyue wyne that is tē pered after. iij. or. iiij. dayes / whan ye be sure of the mēbre y^t there come no ymposh [...] me nor swellyng / & his drynke shalbe barly water / or water wherin is soddē crom­mes of breede / or colde water in y^e somer or with the. x. ꝑte of y^e wyne of a pome garnet / or w^t the. vi. parte of vergyous. The parson y^t is hote & dry of cōplexcyō / he shal not ete flesshe / mylke / egges / nor no men that hastely chaungeth / the pacyent shall be content w^t barly water / or [...]oten pap [...] or with mylke of almons / [...]he that hath a woūde in y^e heed / therof speketh Lā ­francꝭ / ye shall gyue none other than of al­mons / & no frute that is wyndy & maketh vapores / as hasyll nottes / or other nottes the whiche is hurtynge to the heed / also he mayete lettu [...]e / & crōmes of brede sopped in water therin doynge suge [...] / & y [...] he be so sy­ke that he may not be without [...] shall gyue hym cheryns / small byr [...] or yonge gootes flesshe / or bere / with vergyous / or wyne of pome garnet. This d [...] [Page] shall he kepe tyll the tyme he be sure frome the swellynge or of impostumacyō / and y^t is as the payne and the swellynge of y^e mē bres gothe away / and as the wounde gy­ueth naturally matter / or it is heleth to the growynge of the skynne. And he must kepe hym from womans cōuersacyōs. and as he is sure of the forsayde so may he ete & drynke measurably of stronge metes vnto the tyme he come to his fyrst estate / than he may drynk good wyne / and ete good flessh as hennes / capons / motton / and of all that maketh good blode / and that bryngeth nature in. ¶ If the pacyent be weke of con­plexcyon / and hath by nature aneuyll sto­make / it is nede full at y^e fyrst to gyue hym flesshe that is dressyd with goode rotys or specery / as synamon / gynger / and other lyke / but metely. Besyde all this ye shall gyue hym in the begynnynge. I drasarckā that is goode of smellynge / and. iij. dayes after the wyne ¶ If the wounde be with broken bones / or the bone be broken with out wounde / so shall you gyue hym goode metes that maketh goode strengthe in the bone agayne / lyke as mele pappe made of whete mele well sodden / and gyue hym to ete of bestes feetes / heedes / and eres / and other thynges wherwith the body maye be the stronger. Wherfor it is nedefull to the Surgean to knowe the complexcyon / the strength / and the age of the pacyētes / and the vse of the loude / also y^e tyme of the yere.

THe accydent of the wounde is amended after the nature of y^e too fallynges / The accyden­ces cōmenly comynge to [...] wo­unde it is paynfull / swenynge euyll complexcyon / Itchynge / para [...]ius / the crampe / febres / flawnas / and chaun­gynge of the wounde. ¶ The fyrst ye shall knowe that y^e woūde shall neuer cure vnto the tyme the accydent be taken away / the accydēs causeth that it heleth not / & payne draweth the matter vnto y^e wounded place for to make an impostume / that is a swell with a maner of reednes / and for that we payne must be dryuē away / y^e whiche pay­ne is cōmenly taken away with strykynge the membre with warme oyle / and yf you put therto y^t whyte of an egge it is y^e [...] and yf there be no grete heete / do to y^e oyl [...] the yelke of an egge / and that clemeth [...] wounde. Whan the payne is grete then it is nedefull to put therto a lytell. Optū or elles the barke of mandragora / As May­ster wylhelmus counsayleth. ¶ The. iiij. maysters prayseth therto to take y^e [...]oore of nyghtica stāped with hogges grece / but the mayster Theodoricꝭ prayseth a plaster made of y^e leues of small malowes dressed & stamped with small brannet & do therto a lytell oyle of roses it is the better / or ma­ke a playster of the cromes of whyte breed layd in mylke one nyght / & thā stāpe it & do therto oyle of roses & the yelke of an egge / & y^e slyme of parsely sede / & yf it be nede / do therto a lytell opium. But I haue in suche accydēce vsed in plasters / sethyng malowe leues / elder leues / aptū / & sethe them ī water stamped small and do therto rose leues [Page] & oyle of coses the thyrde parte made war­me / and stryke it vpon a cloth / and so lay it warme on the woūde. But in grete payne I dyd therto leues of in squiamus sodden / as aforsayd / and a [...]ewe leues of Nychtsca myxed therwith bycause it repercuteth & resolueth. But ī y^e wīter I toke dry rootes of pēsedanū / and lynseede / malow leues / all this stamped in powder with a lytell oyle of roses soddē / or w^t olde bacon grece / but that is not so good / whiche more desyre to rype thā to resolue / Therfore I haue done therto many tymes a lytell walt roote / or ambra in powder for to dry y^t mēbre / yf there come an impostume y^t you cowde not restrynge / let it rype & cutte it vp and clense it and cause the flesshe to growe and hele it / As hereafter shall be lerned in the chapptre of the maturaty [...]e mūdificatiue & cōsolida­tiue. ¶ If there be an euyll compleccyon y^t is hoote / it is to be knowen by the reednes and bladders aboute the place / than make the place colde / but not with mandragora or iusquiami / for that coleth not / but ta­keth a way the felynge / therfore they shall be vsed alone in payne / and to this colynge must ye haue that that coleth and dryeth w^t ease / as roses / plantayne / vnguētū albū / Secondum Rasis / with camfere / & other defensyue / defendynge that membre / lyke as I shall lerne you in Antithodario ¶ If the complexcyon be colde ye shall knowe it by softenes / and if y^e place be whyte colow­red / make y^e place warmd with wyne / sodden therin [...]se eere and camamell flowres and reed arthemesia / and melilorum / or with vaguentum basilicon or f [...]s [...]um. ¶ If the complec [...]yon be drye and moysty / it may be amended w^t his contrary. ¶ And if therto cometh the febres / the crampe and wekenes / than call therto the phesycyon / And often tymes or the phesycyon can come y^e pacyent may dye / Therfore it is nedefull to wryte of the same wekenes / for it is a way to the dethe / and it is called by some maysters y^e lytell dethe / Therfore ye must comforte the pacyent / that the feblenes or fayntnes come not to hym / and to auoyde y^e people out of y^e chābre / bycause they sholde not make the chambre roote / nor to put the syke in fere / And it is wysdome whan the feblenes cometh on to / gyue the pacyent a cromme of white breede deped in wyne w^t rose water / and let hym drynke somwhat of the wyne. Therfore sayth Galienus the wyne is of nature somwhat hote & gyueth comfortynge / therfore gyue them that hath syncopin / or to thē that is feble or in swownynge / spryncle Rose water / or colde water in his face / & yf there be no rose water / than ye must plucke hym by the nose / and by the eeres / Crye lowde and call hym by his name / & gyue hym a clappe on y^e cheke / and ye shall do all other thynges that the phesycyon cōmaundeth you to do.

THe heed is somtymes woun­ded with cuttynge / and sōty­me with pusshynge & cōtusye / & this appereth bothe sōtyme without wounde or without brekynge of y^e brayne payne / and sōtyme with brekynge of it / and the brekynge is sōtyme thrughe goynge / and sōtyme not / and these be sōtymes small / and sōtymes grete / and of this sōme be clene / and sōme with accydētis of payne and impostuma­cyon / and hurtynge of the pānycles. The tokens of fracture or rence of the brayne panne is taken in sundery maner / Fyrst of hye fallynge / or with a grete stroke. The seconde is as y^e contusye or woūde is very grete. The iij. is for the payne that he suf­freth often tymes / he layeth his hande on the place / and with your fynger you shall knowe the thynnes of the skynne & the departynge of the bone / and as he bloweth or kepeth his breth inwarde / thē sheweth y^e moystnes comynge out thrughe y^e rente / and departynge of the bone. The. iiij. is / of the accydente comynge in the same tyme as a Pasy fallyge / or swymmynge in the heed / or in forsenes of spekynge / or in par­brakynge. The. v. token is / as ynke or masticke is strykyng vpon the departynge of y^e bone / and yf there abyde ony blackenes in the departynge / or ony drynes vpō y^e pla [...] of the wounde whan it is anoynted / this [...] me is a true token of a rente or departynge ¶ The tokens of the cuttynge of the pāny­cle is of sondry maners. Fyrst of the payne knowynge / for incontynente foloweh the swymmynge of the heed or fallynge / that is Uertigo or Scotomia in lattyn. The seconde token is / the coloure of the face / or eyen / for as the face is reed and full of smal pymples / and his eyen sem [...] reed w^t dar­nes. The. iij. is / as the bloud go [...]he out of his nosethrylles / through the mouth / and through the eeres. The. iiij. is / as his spe­che faylleth hauynge no vnderstandynge / & shakynge with the axes / or perbrakynge or may not slepe / nor make his water.

¶ The token of the woundynge of the brayne maye be knowen by sundry maners. Fyrst as gothe grete cloddes out of y^e woū [Page] de and no matter. The seconde is / as his vnderstandynge is from them / and whan the wounde is on the foreheed / and as the wounde is in the hynderparte of the heede so loseth he his memory / and that the pacyent therto haue grete fere and ygnoraunce. ¶ The token of comynge of an impostume is to knowe by sundry maners. Fyrst / as y^e pānycles is blowen hyer than the woūde / and semeth ceed / and moueth not. The se­conde / as y^e eyen is reed & swollen / semeth as they wolde fall out. The. iii. is the axes withcomyng of heet. The. iiii. as y^e myght is altred in spasina / crampe / axes / and in madnes. ¶ The sentence ¶ The brekynge Crane or braynpāne is very peryllous & the cuttynge of the brayne / & the corrup­cyō & woūdyng of his pānycles y^t is deedly as ypocras sayth / but as the woūde is ve­ry small. Therfore is the euyll accydentes and tofallynges peryllous and deedly / as he abydeth & not departeth / lyke as axes / shakynge / crampe / swymmynge / or swel­lynge of y^e eyes / & darknes and reednes of the eyen. ¶ In the fracture or woundynge of the heed must be taken hede for the peryll and a [...]entes the space of. C. dayes. as y^e mayster [...]og [...]ri [...] sayth. And somme other maysters saythe. xlvi. dayes / & than is the laste terme out of y^e sharpe sykenes. And as the. iiii. maysters sayth / it shall be. xv. dayes. for than is the terme out of the sharpe sykenes. ¶ If the blacknes of the pānycle called Dura mater may not be clēsed with hony / it is a tokē of dethe / as Paulꝭ sayth And the fracture crauei or braynpāne in y^e full of the mone / it is grete peryll and Jeo. perdy yf the pacyent shall scape of y^e dethe. as Rogerius sayth. ¶ In the consolydacye or helynge of the braynpanne / it is good y^t sheweth reed flesshe. ¶ In the wounde of the heed is good smal swellynge / and good dysgestynge of the matter. And yf the swellynge be grete and gothe away hastely w^t ▪ out a reasonable cause / that is very yll.

¶ The maysters dyscordeth in this cure. Som maysters they worke in al hee dwoū des with vncoueryng and cuttynge the bone / for cause of y^e euyll matter that within craneum or braynpanne is gadereth / may softely be clensed and dryed. Somme other maysters as Ancelmus of Gene / and som of Padua / and all y^t Frence maysters / and the Engglys maysters / they worke with flesshe growynge and consolydatyfe or he­lynge with theyre plasters / drynkes / and good wyne / and with byndynge. and they say / yf the matter may be taken out w^tout [...] takynge of y^e bones with medesynes or drynes / it is the best that may be done. ¶ The odoricus causeth the flesshe to growe in the wounde with drynke / & wyne with towe. Henricꝭ heleth the wounde without dryn­ke with his plasters. and bothe these may­sters vnclose & lyfte vp the olde fracture as it is past. iiii. or. v. dayes. And Lancfran cus worketh in all woundes makynge flesshe with tentes / whiche he depeth in twoo partes of oyle of roses / & one parte of hony. and dothe thervpon a mōdytycatyffe of barly meele and hony / or with rosyn and waxe with the heedpowder / excepte in two accydentes. The fyrste as the bone presseth. the other as it prycked. for cause / som say the y^e in y^e workyng w^t the instrumentes of yron foloweth often moche peryll & hurtynge of the alteracyō of y^e ayre / wherwith cometh the impostumacyō. In y^t cure is nedefull to haue maysters of sundry dyscrecyon. Therfore I wryte. ix. lernynges which Guydo wryteth ī his surgery. ¶ The fyrst lernyn­ge is / that the wounde of the heed hath muche indyfference of the woundes of y^e other [Page] menbres / the gentylnes of the mary / and for the roundnes of the brayne can not be preserued with byndynge / lyke the woun­des of other mēbres be. ¶ The seconde ler­nyn̄ge is / that to the wounde of the heed y^t is grete / it is nedfull to be lette blood on y^e vayne / and a purgacyon in the bely / at the leest ones a day goynge to the draught by themselfe / or with some suppositoria / or w^t a glyst / or with some other thynge to auoyde with sofnes / for to take out the euyll humours thrughe the way whiche may be y^e lesse payne to hym / and that the rennynge of the blood may be stopped / and the accy­dente may be mēded. ¶ The: iii. lernyng is that to the woūde of the heed ye shall shere of the heere / and make it moysty with som what water & oyle / As wylhelmus sayth / ye must take heede that there come no here nor water / nor oyle to the wounde / for yt wyll let the helynge / & in the begynnynge doth that y^e matter and y^e paynes be lessed / and do in the wounde y^e whyte of an egge / and after that begynnynge it clenseth the wounde / and maketh the flesshe to growe / as it may be sayd hereafter / The sydes and the wounde rounde aboute shall be often tymes anoynted withe the salue of Bolus or with oyle of Roses / to slake y^e euyll ma­tters and payne / and that the impostuma­ [...]yon come not therto. ¶ The. iiii. lernynge is to take hede that the wounde take no colde / lyke as Ipocrates sayth / the colde is euyll to the synewes / bones / mary / and al so pussheth and chaungeth the ayre of the pryncypall membres / and therfore Wyl­helmus gyueth counsayle / that in the winter as the wounde shall be dressed / ye must haue therby a panne with brennynge col­les and candell lyght / and the wyndowes closed / & after the byndynge the heed must be couered with a coyfe made of a Rāmes skynne. ¶ The. v. lernynge is / yf the woū de haue matter / in the wynter ye shall dres­se the wounde but ones on the day / and in somer twyse a day / and the dressynge and clēsynge shall be with cotton or with softe lynt or lynnen cloth softely without payne. ¶ The. vi. lernynge is / that ye shall lay on the tent a pece of a softe sponge / that ther w^t may sucke / and kepe the matter for fallynd downe on the brayne. ¶ The. vii. lernynge is / that ye shall haue a substancyall bande of a yarde longe or more / & of. iiii. fyngers brode / and that you shall roll togyder sa­ue. ii. handfull of the ende / therwith begyn to bynde after the length of the heed / & pullynge to the contrary eere or the wounde / and that other party at the eere of the woū de / not couerynge the eere / and lede the bounde styffe aboute the eere / and let that bande come downwarde to the fyrst byndynge / & do it so often tyll the heed be well bounde / after that maner the maysters of Bonony byndeth the. ij. endes vnder y^e chinne / they of Parys soweth in the myddes of the foreheed / and yf ye wyll cause the me­decyne to holde alone vpon the wounde / than must ye make a bande with many en­des of a grete pece of lynnē cloth of. iij. hād full longe / and of. ij. hande brode / and cut that on euery syde. iij. fyngers brode / sa­uynge a hande brede in the myddes / and with the endes ye shall bynde behynde co­mynge aboute the necke vnder the chynne. ¶ The. viij. lernynge is / yf there be ony scale of bones lefte / than wasshe the sore w^t wyne / and if there be none axes / gyue them this capytall or heed powder of Pimpi­nella / Betonia / Gatiosilata / Ualeriana / [Page] Osmūda / and take as moche of Pilosella as you shall take of all the other aforesayd

¶ The. ix. lernynge is / that the pacyent shall be set and layde in y^e begynnynge vpō that syde that leest greueth hym. And as y^e wounde gyueth matter / thā shall he lye on wounded place to make the matter the bet­ter auoyde. This is the afore wrytten. ix. lernynges / belongynge to the woundes in the heed ¶ Item. Of the woundes in the heed in the begynnynge tyll the be sure frō impostumacyon / shall be mitigatyue softe nynge / lyke the mydlynge is of thre partes oyle of rose / and one parte hony / and y^e olde mayster in sexto Terapentis taketh ther to oximel. And yf ther be no payne / so take. iij. partes of hony / and one parte oyle of roses for to clense more better the wounde.

¶ Whan the wounde is sure from the impostumacyon / so must the medecyns and dry­nes be dryenge without pryckynge / lyke the heed powder. & that shall be made thus after the leruynge of mayster Auicenna.

IF the wounde be symple without losyng of y^e sub­staunce / that shall be so­wed / bounde / and heled lyke another wounde / & yf it be so that the woun­de lose his substaunce / y [...] shall cause the flesshe to growe agayne with tentes / powder / sa [...] ­ues / and plasters / and hele it lyke another wounde. The sowynge is not onely profytable to a symple wonnde of the heede / but also in many other grete woūdes of y^e heed and caused the departynge woundes to by [...] de to gyder / and chargeth from the altera­cyon of the ayre / whiche dothe moche har­me to the moundes. If it is a smale woun­de cuttyuge / and gothe not through the be ne / ye shall sowe / and clense it as is afore­sayd. And yf it be a greter cuttyng or wo [...] de in the vpper parte of the heed / it shal not be sowede / but on the syde / and put therin oyle of rofes takynge away the payne. as the wounde cometh to the synewy panny­cle that couereth y^e brayne pāne. This oyle also loseth the lose bonys therin hangynge▪ that they may y^e better be taken out. The [...] oyle of roses also taketh awaye y^e sharpne [...] as the pannycle within is clensed with ho▪ The oyle of roses aforesayd rectyfyeth the woundes there in is payne / and dryueth a­way the euyll dysposy cyons of them.

THis small woūde many maysters call it Runulam / and is cured lyke as the afore say de wounde is / without bre­kynge of the brayne panne / for in suche a wounde cometh not moche matter / and bycause the course of the mat­ter may not come downe in y^e small cuttynge / is the wounde gretter than it is in the syde of the heed / or in the vpper parte of y^e heed. The wounde in the syde of the heed is to be cured / lyke as y^e fyrst symple woū ­be / but ye must put a weke or a tente in the ne [...]ther parte of the syde wounde / bycause yf there be ony matter cleuynge within y^e so [...]e / therwith may you clense it / and yf y^e wounde be in the vpperparte of the heed / ye shall not sowe it / but you shall do the cu re of Galienus in sexto Terapenti / as he wrytteth / The symple brekynge comyng to y^e mydle of the. ij. tables craney / therto it is nedefull to take dyuers sheres / that is called narowe Rugines / & they may not be a lyke grete / Therfore as the bone of y^e pacyent is vncouered / so must ye fyrst take the moost brodest sheres or Rugine / After that take the [...] sheres that is narower / then after that take the shallest of all / and this shall you do at all tymes in the myd­des of the. ij. tables. And yf the payne desy re none other / so shall y^e cure be hastely w^t drynes tyll it be brought to the ende / this wounde may not be sowed in the myddes of y^e heed / bycause she may not clenseth by herselfe / Therfore she must be dryed with tentes / and with other thynges to sucke out y^e matter / or elles there myght abyde corrupcyon in the myddes of the. ii. tables to the hurtynge of the bones.

SOmtyme suche a woūde wyll haue squyrles or sharpnes / & some wyll not / and they be euen / and yf the wounde haue squyrles that myght prycke and hurte the pannycle dura mater / they must be made euen / and as the sharpnes is euen made with a lenticulare / and with other in­strumentes / then is she heled in maneras the woūde spoken of in y^e other chaptre.

Therfore sayth Galienus / In the woūde that cometh to the pannycle / and is alone owne rupture or cuttynge w^tout lesynge / so shall you occupy the aforesayd sheres / & that must you do as the wounde is in bregmate / that is in the vpper parte of the heed [Page] And to the wounde that is on the fyde of the heed / Galienus desyreth no instrumēt / but sowynge and clensynge with tentys. Here vpon he sayth he hath sene that bone Breg­matis / & vnder that is the bone tymporaus that is the slepynge bone / that hath a grete clyffe / he touched it not / but he cut alonely of that bone Bregmatis / and so heled the parsone / that he lyued after many a fayre daye. And yf he had lefte that bone Breg­matis therin styll / it shold anone haue corrupteth that pannycle / or Minrinr / or Miringa / or the fracture is fistened or porosed ¶ Galienus sayth the cause of y^e cure wher in is none euyll matter / nor vnclene moyst nes / there is no nede to cut of the bone / by­cause that in the slepe of the heed descendeth no matter. And yf ther ony matter cometh soit is in a good place for to clense. ¶ And the aforesayde Galienus wrought in another parsone on the same maner / he was a­ferede to touche the brayne / bycause of the hardnes of the slepynge bone. Therfore he made none hole thynkynge that the brayne sholde come out through it / and also bycause that through the syde moche explantacy­on of the noble synewes gooth out.

If the fracture or brekynge to [...] [...]rles [...] y^• [...] [Page] the lentyenlate / or other instrumētes ma­ke it euen / therafter as the wounde be dressed / ye shall lay ther vpon softe sylke wet in hony and inoyle of roses / and with y^e ende of the instrument ye shall put in the lynnen cloth bytwene dura mater and the bone of the brayne pāne in defendynge that thrugh remenynge the pānycle be not hurte of the bons / and put ther vpon softe tentes that is a lytell wette in y^e hony and oyle of roses / and than lay a pece of lynnen clothe theron wette with that same / for lettynge of the matter to come agayne / And yet you shall lay in the wounde of the flesshe / other dry scrapynge of lynte / or a pece of a sponge / there as the matter may drynke in / and do ther vpon an heedplaster goynge thrugh / and that the matter close not therin / and in the last lay towe wette in hote wyne pressed out / and ther vpon lay drye towe / and bynde it sortely that it may abyde / and not to harde for hurtynge. ¶ And as the woū ­de is well clensed ye shall take of the fyrst clothe / and put vpon the capytalle or heed powder / to cause the flesshe to growe in y^e wounde / & as the flesshe groweth / ye shall close the wounde with Consolidatyffe and [...]rizerynge powder.

AUicena coū sayleth / that in suche a woūde y^e matter shall be teꝑ cutedor rested / at y^e begynnyng after y^e cōmon dressīge / w^t y^e whyte of an egge & yf ye wyll do ther to oyle of roses / for it softeth and doth good / and therafter resolue the matter with salte wyne / & hony / and yf there come matter let it rype / and open it lyke an other exiture.

IF the fracture be lytell if shall be cured lyke y^e contusyon aforesayd (after y^e saynge Galieni) The ho­le curacyon of this woū ­de is y^t it sholde be resol­ued causynge not to come ouer grete matter. And Auicenna sayth in y^e thyrde Canon. That it is nede full to dryue the payne away as shortely as it may be / and preserue y^e place of y^e woūde / that an inpostume come not / & must be done with euacuacyon / & attra­ctyffe to the contrary syde with lettynge & with sharpe glystres / and w^t pillis cocis. [Page] ¶ Also lay in the begynnynge vpon the place a plaster comfortatyffe accordynge to it

IF the fracture be grete / it is nedefull to go to the Surgery / and to y^e more makynge of the fracture / that proueth Galienus ī sexto / & Auicenna in quar to. Therfore it is nedeful in grete contusyon to vn­couer it and to make greter som parte of the fracture / by cause the pannycle may be closed of the euyll matter. Thefore sayde Guido / ye shal not worke after y^e maysters that sayth they wyll cure with theyr drynkes without surgery / and raysynge of the bones / it is possyble of the small contusyon but not in the grete contusyon. ¶ Therfo­re it is nedefull to go to the Surgery / of y^e fracture of y^e brayne pāne / y^e whiche Galienus sayth w^t shorte wordes in sexto Tera­pētice / yf y^e woūde be w^t grete cōtusyō / y^e brusynge must be cut out w^t a terrybell or peerser borynge fyrst about / & after that vse cuttynge knyues or tortelles in y^e beginynge. Therfore sayth Guido. viii. lerrfyng is nedefull to this workynge / after that he set that worke and operacyon concordynge w^t Galieno / Haly abbate / Paulo / and Aui­cēna. ¶ The fyrst lernynge is / that ye shall not worke there as the most sykenes is / for Galienus sayth there as y^e deeses is ye shall not worke. ¶ The. ij. lernynge is / that for all sayenges take heede for to speke of the peryll that y^e pacyent be not in fere. ¶ The iii. lernynge is / y^t ye in the workynge take heede of the cōmyssures of the brayne pāne as nere as is possyble that y^e pacyent sholde be in no fere of fallynge & hurtynge of dura mater / as is sayd in y^e Anothomia. ¶ The iiij. lernynge is / take hede of the full moo­ne / then is y^e brayne more gretter & cometh vnto the brayne pāne. ¶ The. v. lernynge is / that yf the braydynge be in y^e nether ꝑte of the wounde it may the better be clensed. ¶ The. vi. lernynge is / that ye in the bray­dynge folowe not the ende os the cleuynge / for Galienus sayth it is ynoughe takynge of so moche from the bones that the matter may be clēsedout. ¶ The. vii. lernynge is / yf the bone stande styffe that ye wyll take [Page] [...]t / than put therin oyle of roses / and ther­with the bone shall be losed / and than with out payne ye may take it out. ¶ The. viij. is / that you haste with the worke as faste as is possyble / and moost in pressyng & prye kynge of the pannycle / for cause incontinēt cometh the impostamcyon and euyll accydent / and in the descendynge of the matter [...]thyde not tyll the seuenth daye in the somer [...] the fourthe day in the wynter / for fere that in the pannycle sholde fall suche pres­fynge / that the workinge sholde be nought ¶ Of this workynge speketh Anicenna in quaito / that in the fyrst ye must se [...]ere the heere from y^e heed of the wofide / & make. ij. cuttynges therin cleuyng crosse wyse or / after thuꝭ fy sterynge ▪ as Lantfrāeꝭ sayth and the one cuttynge must be the clenynge of the wounde / after that ye must vncouer all the [...]nised bone wherin the hole shal be And as the blode cometh rennyng out ther at / so must you fyll the wounde with clowtes / whiche clowtes must be wette in wa­ter and vynegre / or in the whyte of an egge And yf there come no blode / ye shal fyll the wounde with fyne lynnen cloth dry. And after that ye shall do thervpon the lynte of lynnen depte in wyne and in oyle / and byn­de it than to y^e wounde as therto belongeth And yf there be none euyl accydent comyng ye shall begyn to hele the broken bone / but fyrst can [...]e the pacyent to fyt as therto belō weth / and after that stoppe his teres with wolle / or with cotton / so that he be not hurte with the clap of the stroke / And lose the [...]ande of the wounde / and cause the clowte [...]all out / then drye the wounde. Then take [...]. men and let them hold with solte clothes the corners of the wounde / and yf the bone be [...]eble and haue small holdynge / then de­parte it with cutrynge knyues / and with the lenticulate / and yf it be nedefull to stry­ke w^t the hammer / do it shortely withoute longe taryenge. If the bone be stronge / [...] [...]e ther throughe many holes with the tra [...] pane tyl it be departed [...] other bone And than as you wyll takeout y^e bone [...] shall it lyfte vp with one eleuatory to y^e ty me the one bone be departed from the other and take it out with your fynger / or with a lytell tonge / and ther after shall you ma­ke euen y^e sharpnes of the bones. And than shall you cure the wounde of the bone lyke as is aforesayd of the fracture with the loesynge of the bones.

IF there come impostume to the wounde / and hap­peneth moost by the pressynge of the bone / or of y^e tentes / byndynge / or by colde / or euyll rule / thā must you hastely lyste vp and departe the cause / takynge therfro y^e matter w^t lettynge blood of the vaynes and with other purgacyons softenynge the place with hote oyle of roses and with hoote water / wherin is soden hye malowes / fenigreke / lynseed / camamyll / or with a plaster of popltre / or malowes / And yf there come ony blackenes in the [...]ā nycle by the operacyon of the medecyne shall clense it with hony / and oyle os [...] [Page] & yf the blackenes cometh by hym selfe / & cometh towarde the eyes with other euyll tokens / then is there no tryst of lyffe in the fyke pacyen [...]. For mayster Paulus sayth The blackenes [...] tokeneth the dystruccyon of naturall he [...]e.

IF ony come to you that is [...]yten with aclu [...]be / or with a stone / or is fallen [...]om some hyghe place / y^t the brayne panne is brokē that may you knowe by y^e [...]oken aforesayde. If the [...]kyn̄e and y^e flesihe be hole then cut the skyune t [...]e square / that ye maye se the brekynge of the heed or brayne panne Then take whyte lynnen clothe and dere it in oyle of roses / and medle it with the yolke of an egge. and yf it be nede to stop y^e blood so do to the foresayde oyle this powder here after folowynge.

[Page] ¶ With this instrument ye shall lyfte vp agayne the broken brayne pan / all alter as the one parte of the brayne pan is be sen vp ward / and the other parte downeward And y^e presse or vyse wherwith the brayne panne shall be boren must be very sharpe.

¶ The forsayd instrument is good to worke on the syde of the heed / or behynde on the backe of the heed.

¶ This instrument is for in worke vpon the heed / whan the brayne pan is beten in / for to lyfte it vp agayne.

[Page] THe woundes of the face shall ye set to gydder w^tout sowyn ge / after this maner. Je shal take masticke / and dragons blood / and make it in powd / and medle them with the whyte of an egge tyll it be as thycke as hony / and therin de­pe. ii. clothes the lengthe of euery syde of y^e wounde / and lay on euery syde of the woū de a clowte and let it drye / thē sowe the clothes togyder / and laye vpon the seme this after folowynge powder.

THe woundes that happeneth in the eyes or the [...]acou [...] is grete peryll / bycause of swellynge in the syght / and also it is [...]yghe the brayne / and also I haue often tymes sene of so small a wounde comynge hath stopped the syght / but not all onely the wounde of the eyen / but also the wounde about the eyen often tymes it causeth the fyght to fayle / & yf ony moystnes be touched than foloweth after the dystructyon of the eyen / yet haue I knowen the contrary / For I haue sene chylde that on an euenynge by myse fortune of his fadet was stryken w^t a sherpe aglet of a poynte in his eye / whiche aglet stac­ke in the eye styll / and afterwarde was ta­ken out / and within xiiij. dayes after the whyte of y^e apple of the eye cōne out / a spo­ne full / than was I set to the chylde / and [...] put alwayes in the eyen this water hereafter folowynge / Fenyll water / Rose water Poley water / Eusrasie water / Rewe water / of eche halfe an ounce / and of y^e whyte of egges. v. dragmas / and medled them togyder / and dressed the chylde ther with all and recouered the syght agayne / In lyke wyse a chylde of. viii. yeres of age was hurte with a shafte in y^e sterre of his eye / that therin was fene a grete webbe / thrughe y^t whiche stroke he was blynde / and I dyde [Page] helpe the chylde with the same water that he had his syght. ¶ In lyke wyse speketh Galyenus of a chylde that he sawe hurte with a sharpe yron in his eye in so moche y^e watery moystries came out of the apple of y^e eye & it was heled also / whiche cure is sel­dome sene. ¶ Jesū hath a nother maner of cure / to came the matter to come to the eye and yf there come no blood out of the eyen / then put Tuthiam & a lytell Camfere vnto the foresayd water. And yf there haue ony blood gone out / then may it be cured with Sedengi whiche hath the vertue so to do / & lay vpon the eye where it is swollen the whyte of an egge / but lette it not lye longe theron / for it wyll take awaye the syght. For I haue sene a man of. xxx. yeres of age smyten with a stone vpon the syde of y^e nose thrughe whiche stroke the eye was gretly swolne / & there was set a symple harboure to take that cure in hande / and so longe he lete a plaster lye theron that y^e man lost his syght and was blynde euer after. Benemi­rus prayseth sore in this behalfe the whyte of egges grounde in a morter as in maner of a faiue / and in this substancye so made is grete vertue gyuen by the myght of god.

¶ Also yf ony persone be wounded thrughe the vpper lyd or nether lyd of the eye that it hange downe / then shall ye with subtylte sowe vp the sore with a croked nedell and a sylke threde waxed that the eye may swell the lesse / lay a plaster made with the why­te of an egge & medle therwith a lytell dra­gon blood with frankensence and loke that the plaster touche not the eye / and ye shall make it as hole as the other eye / or also to balsome and that it come not in the eye: and drop in the eye alwaye the foresayd water for the defendynge of that. ¶ Also yf there come ony thynge in the eye y^t greueth hym / as small stones or cha [...]e / or by [...] / to dryue away the payne ye shall [...] in y^e eye womans mylke or fayre s [...]te water for that clenseth out that y^e [...] therin / and if that helpe not / tourne y^e eye lydde and take a sylke cloth and therwith clense it on [...] / or with a small rolle made of cotton / and yf it holde faste in the eye / drawe it out with a small rolle of rosell & drop therin womans mylke of a wenches [...] tourne the eye lydde then take y^e lytell whyte stone of a swalowe and put it in the eye & it wyll renne aboute the eye / and clense it / and yf it be the fylynge of [...]ron take vp the lyd of the eye and holde before it a stone cal­led Magnete and that wyll drawe it out. ¶ Also yf there be ony passon [...] with an arowe or with ony other wepen in y^e eye wherin is gre [...]yll. Neuertheles go [...] forthe a [...] ma [...]t of wayes with the faiue of oyle of roses soo longe as none inpos [...] macyon nor swellynge cometh therto / after that marke howe depe the arowe he [...] is in. Then worke after the chapytre of the drawynge out of the arowe. And when y^e arowe is out fyll the wounde with oyle of roses medled with the yolke of egges some what warme / and clense the wounde with rose h [...]ny / barly meele / and meele of fenne creke / and then make flesshe in the wounde and hele it with a grene wounded plaster [...] or with a moyst plaster. There standeth in Antithodorie / that yf the arowe heed abyde therin / ye [...] worke after the chapitre of the heed / and yf the wounde haue nede to be made wyde / worke after the chapytre of narowe woundes and make it with a yere of a sponge / & yf the wounde be grete [...] ­ghe / worke after the chapytre of drawyng out of a rowe heedes / or let it abyde within tyll y^e tyme it come out by the owne nature. [Page] ¶ For wylhelmꝭ sayth y^t he hath sene apson bere in his face an arow heed an hole yere lō ge / which came out by his owne nature / & than the woūde was cured in suche maner as is aforesayd of y^e wounde in y^e face / Also yf there ony parson be hurte in y^e eye with a nedel / or w^t a thorne / worke as I haue sayde before of y^e defēsinū to noynte about the [...]yen / & hele it w^t this colerion folowynge. Take Boli armeni. ii. oūces / Thutia / sanguis Draconis / Gūmiarabici / of eche an oūce / and make all in powder / and medle it with. xxiiij. oūces of rose water / and put it all in a glas / and hange it in warme water an houre longe / then do therto. iii [...]. oū ­ces of garnat appell wyne / and let it stan­de a day longe / and than clere it out / there of put at euery tyme a lytell in the eye at y^e euenynge and mornynge / and lay thervpō this plaster / take succy / semperuiue / succy solatry of eche. iii [...]. oūces boly armeni / draganti myrte / gommi Arabici of eche. iii [...]. dragmas and make therof a powder / and yf ye can not gete y^e say of howse leke / take therfore rose water & take for nyghshew y^e wyne of the garnate apple / this water he­leth all y^e woūdes of the eyen plaster wyse layde ouer it with clothes / and it defendeth the eyen from suꝑflue moystes and euyll accedent or in postume. ¶ When the blood cometh in the eyen from y^e woūde after shesus saynge take therto the mylke of a yonge woman and the whyte of an egge & the blood of a downe taken out of the wynges / & medle all this togyder and drop it in to y^e eye and lay thervpon a plaster made of breed cro­mes wette in wyne / but let it not lye longe that is very good / & yf yt go not a way / thā drop in y^e eye water of Amios / salgēme / & so mētere / y^e eye w^t dressynge of order / & drye [...]sope / yf it dryue it not away / take fayre water wherin hath stande [...]eed arsenicum / Or take the waters of y^e herbes a foresayd. ii. ounces / Thutie preparati halfe a dragma / Coralli rubei / margaritarū uon par­forata [...] / of eche y^t thyrde part of a dragma Camfere the wayght of. x. barly cornes / draganti gōme arabici of eche y^e wayght of. viij. barly cornes [...]eru [...]e lote / amidi of eche the wayght of. v. barley cornes / Wo­mans mylke / y^e whyte of an egge / of eche a dragma / & medle thē togyder & occupy it at e [...]ē / & at mornynge tyll y^e parsone be hole.

IF ony is woūded by y^e eere or in y^e ete wherin is seare y^t the brayne be hutte or y^e baynes of y^e herynge it is in grete peryl & dedly for if y^e bryane be perisshed it is deedly / And yf y^e synewes be perysshed y^e lōgeth to the heryuge so shall he be deffe. Therfor must he ernestly take heed of it / & y^t he gyue knowlegyng to his frēdes. ¶ And yf y^e woū de be grete & sore / sowe it & lay thervpon y^e powder of y^e lyme of egge shelles franken­cens dragons blood and say aboute y^e woū de a defensuiū & thervpon towe depte in the whyte of an egge medled w^t a lytel drages blood / & frankencense / & in y^e secōde [...] [...]yrde day lay in y^e woūde oyle of roses medled w^t the yolke of an egge / for slakynge of the payne / y^e other day after / ye shall clense the woūde w^t rose hony barly melt. termenty ne / somtyme medled with myr [...]a / and sarcocolle / after the wounde is nedefull to be clensed / or hele it with a grene wounded plaster / or with bawme / and rule hym w^t blood [...]ettynge / & to chambre goynge / for y^e lesse comynge of swellyng or spostumaciō ▪ [Page] If the wounde with shotte take hede of the arow howe depeit is gone in / for y^e pacyent may come lyghtly to chaūgyng in [...]brakinge and shakynge with a crampe / and it is a token of deth / and with that token is his eyen reed / therfore it is peryllous to take suche a wounde in hand. ¶ If you wyll do it [...]rough grete desyre or other causys / thā tell his fryendes all the tokens and condy­cyons / that ye wyll not take hym in hande but for a deedman / than make the wounde wyde / as I haue shewyd you afore / and de fende the place with defensiuum / than pull out the arow heed with your tonggys / as is aforesayd in the. xvi. chaptre / than clēse the woūde lyke as is aforesayd / and make flesshe to growe / and hele it lyke another wounde / [...]cule hym lyke as is aforesayd / & let hym dryncke no wyne / ther is nothynge that hurtyth the brayne and the vaynes of herynge so fore as the wyne dothe / therfore it is very good that the persone that is woū dyd in the heed beware hym of wyne dryn­kynge.

THe nose is somtyme wounded with a sworde or with a cut­tynge wepen / and the nose is somtyme hoole cut of / & somty me abydeth hangynge on the flesshe of the lyppys / & somtyme he is woū ­ded the lengthe of y^e nose ¶ Item is the nose hole cut of / so may he not be set on agayne / & yf it be not hole cut of / thē take y^e lyppes of the wounde and sowe it / and lay in y^e woū de roūde tentes of row / or woll / or of goose fedders / that the matter may the better co­me out / & on y^e seme lay that powder which s [...]ondyth in the chaptre of the sowynge of cō mon woundys / thervpon lay [...]ow depte in the whyte of anegge medled with lytell of the forsayd powder / & whan you wyll than bynde it and hele it lyke an other woūde w^t the wounded plaster / or with bawme / and take hede that he let bloode at y^e vayne / or let hym set venroses or boxes behynde the elbowe / or behynde on the necke / and for to do his easement / for cause that no heet come to y^e woūde / yf the nose be cut ouer thwart to the lypof the mouth that y^e nose hāgyth / or is cut through the hole of the nose thrylles to the ouer lyppe of the mouth / so set y^e nose thrylles the one an the other euen richt as it stode before / and make in the nose. ii. tentes of waxe / or of pypes of goose pennis that is best / ther through be clensyd y^e heed and the wounde / and that he may haue his breth / and begynne to sow at the vpperst of the wounde on the myddell of the nose / and after sow on the sydes / that the stytches stō de vneuen a thwart fynger the one from the other / & vpon y^e seme shall ye lay a powder.

THe mouth is somtyme hewē that the cheeke hangeth of / & somtyme be y^e tethes hewen awaye / and it is somtyme w^t a sword / and somtyme with another wepen cuttynge. and somtyme it is stytched in a dagger / or w^t a spere / or shoten with an arowe. In suche maner as it happeneth y^t the mouth is woū ded / ye shall sowe properly the wounde. & the fyrst stytche of the sowynge set on the nexte place of the mouth / and sowe it back ward goynge vpward and comyng down ward / or at the syde after the wounde is. [...] lay on the seme this powder folowynge.

Take lyme of egge shelles / dragōs blood and frankensence / as it standeth in y^e chap­tre of the sowynge. Thervpō lay toywe or cloth deped in the whyte of egges needled with a lytell powder therin / and thā byn­de it / and at the. iii. day vnbynde it agayne and thereon lay a grene wounded plaster. and lay about the wounde a good defensy­uum. And gyue hym to drynke a wounde drynke / as it standeth in Anthidotario. & gyue hym softe metys that hym nede not to chowe / let hym not speke moche. And yf he be hewen in the cheke y^t y^e Jawe bone ther y^e teethes stonde in / y^t the one hangeth from the other / than lyfte that Jawe bone agayne / & set the tethes by one & hardyll y^t to gyder w^t a wyre of syluer / & sowe y^t wounde / And rule hym in all maner as is aforesayd ¶ Also make a chyn̄e of woode / and there ouer sowe a cloth / and vpō the cloth pache it with iii. or [...] it is drye / [...] for me / & than [...] do the chy [...]e of the [...] ende a hande of i [...]. fyngers [...] de it togyder [...] heed & wynde it abou [...] the heed / and sow the endes togyder / and if any be hewyd that the cheke hange from y^e mouth / that shall you sow strongly.

AS the synewes and bādes in the necke is wounded & the wounde is so deep [...] chynge the mary / it is deed ly. The lykenes of nucha y^t is the mary of y^e backbone / it is in lyke the sykenes of the wayne. And comē the woūde not to y^e mary / all is it cu­rable / for all that it is in grete peryll / for the woundynge of the synewes whiche his begynnynge taketh on the syde of [...]cha. Therfore is sayd / as the wounde is deep to y^e reuersyue synewes so shal he alwayes be forse of spekynge. Come the woūde to y^e sy­newes by the ecre / than the pacyente shall [...] And the wounde in the grete vaynes is vetyeuyll / for cause y^e g [...] te rynnynge out of the blood hastely departeth the spryte of lyf. ¶ The woūde of Mery ther as the mete gothe through / and the throut there as the wyynde gothe through [...] is very peryllous / for they haue y^e [...] of lyf / therfore it is euyll to hels. ¶ If [...] you come a woūde in the necke y^t is al [...] through y^e skysie / y^t shall you [...] [Page] [...] of the small woū dys. But yf y^e woūde be grete and through [...] so shall you sowe it / and vpon y^e [...] lay this powder into wynge.

IN this places to be woū ded it is very ꝑyllous / for the synewes whiche come frome the brayne / therfore it is dedly after the woūde is depe or not depe. Marke al so yf the wounde is in the length or ouerthwart. And is the wounde wyde then sowe it / and let in the nedermost ende a hool open wher through the matter may auoyde out / y^t the woūde may be clēse / and lay vpon the seme this powder folowinge.

THis woūde is in sondry ma­ners. somtyme is the shulder wounded aboue ouerthward somtyme in the lengthe. somtyme the arme aboue y^e elbo­we is wounded out th [...] are somtyme in y^e lengthe. somtyme is y^e woū ­de small and through the skyn̄e / and som is a grete wounde through the skyn̄e and flesshe. somtyme y^e synewes is woūded / somtyme y^e vaynes / somtyme arteries / somtyme the muscls / somtyme the bones / or the hole pype therwith. And this happenyth / somtyme with a sworde / somtyme with a dag­ger / & somtyme with shot. Al this woūdes must you know to bynde in sondry maners bycause it is a membre that is moche occupyed / and nedefull to the body / and to al occupacyons of craftes. Therfore remembre well howe you shall bynde suche a woun­de lyke as it nedyth. ¶ If ony be wounded ouertwhart in y^e arme / thā it is fere that [...] longe muscles or lacertes is wounded and the synewes that cometh from the herte in the arme / and it is to feare that the hande of the same arme shal haue no more powre and that membre shall lose his meuynge / yf the arme be hole or not. The losynge of his meuynge cometh somtyme by the woū dynge of arteries & vaynes ther as y^e blood may not be stoppyd to the wyll of the surgean. If ony be wounded with an instrumēt that stiched and falleth vpon the synewes or boūdes by the muskly flesshe ther is to fere for comynge of the crampe / and therafter the deth. As the payne cometh in the woūded place / than goth it forth through the hole place vpward in the brane / and so bryngeth the synewes and boūdes to putre faccyon w^t y^e euyll matter And ther falleth often tymes grete payne in the woūdes. iij. [Page] fynger brode benethe the shulder / &. iij. fynger brode aboue & benethe the elbowe ther as the longe muscles is / and ther the synewes be bare / of y^e whiche aforesayde payne cometh y^e crampe / and through the crampe cometh the dethe. ¶ As the wounde is of length in the vppermost arme that stōdeth on the shulder / suche a wounde is not peryllous. ¶ If ony be hewen through the shulder to the dysmēbrynge of the arme and y^e arme hangeth / it is nedefull to be well so­wed / bycause the arme is grete and heuy / & than lay thervpon towe deped in y^e [...] of egges / therin mydled with a lytel of the powder made of gumme of arabie / dragantum / dragons blood / thau bynde and hele it lyke another woūde / and binde an harde kusshyn vnder the arme. Or make hym a croutche ther w^t to lyfte vp y^e arme so hye as it is possyble. ¶ Is the woūde ouer twhart that the synewes and other vaynes is woū ded / than shall it be sowed / and the payne be taken awaye / as I haue saydin y^e. xiiij. chaptre. If y^e sayde vaynes be sore blodynge / than worke with the stoppynge of the blode / and with sowynge of the synewes as I haue lerned in the. xv. chaptre. And y^e pacyent shall be defendyd from the payne y^t the pacyent maye reste the better / and alty­me stryke about the woūde with the defensyuum of bolo armeno / olium rosarn̄ / and venegre / and laye on the seme that powder of frankēsence / dragōs blood / lyme of egge shelles / and whyte of an egge / & with plu­macyoles / lyke as it is aforesayd of y^e other woundes. And hath the wounde but lytell bloded / so let hym blood on the vaynes / or with ventoses or boxces / after the pacyent is stronge / and defende the wounde with y^e desensyuū / and holde hym to the draugth­goynge / that to y^e woūde come not impostumacyō nor swellynge [...] I haue [...] before. ¶ If the synewes or muscles be he [...] through / then sowe it with a waxe drede & oyle of roses / that therto come no payne / & after bynde and clēse it with mūdificatyffe that bel [...]nthe to the synewes.

IN the woundes in the elbowe & about the elbowe is great Jeopardy / for y^e grete vayues & synewes that be therin / for the blode is yll to staunce / & not only the stoppynge of blode / but also to defende y^e wounde frome the payne / or swellinge / or impostume / and a parte of the crampe / for nyghe beynge of the muscles / which be [...]. [Page] [...] fyngers is aboue and b [...]the the [...]bow / and also for the bo [...]rs [...] the [...]teyn­gys / and the vaynys that is within y^e elbo [...] they brynge in moche moystnes that is in the place closyd / for that can not be so clē ­syd perfectly as it nedyth / and through su­che hoot [...]es of y^e matter / the felynge be lost Therfor take hede to stop y^e bloode of suche a wounde / and defende the arme vpward & downewarde / for to comynge of moystnes that makyth a postomacyon / and swellyn­ge. ¶ If than the woūde be wyde & longe / it shall be sowyd as I afore haue sayd / and thee vpō that powder of lyme of egges shel­lys. If the vaynes be woūdyd so shall you bynde it lyke as in the xiiii. chaptre is sayd / and do it in lykewyse yf ther were payne / and o [...]er the byndynge shalbe layd a clothe iiij. do [...]b [...]e depte in warme wyne / & therin is soden the e [...]be of mowseere / reed moder wort / or a [...]them [...]sia rubia / and a lytell cō ­salida maior / and in this a longe boūde depte / th [...]rwith bynde the arme and than lay y^e armr on a borde / and that borde must be so longe as from the elbow to the hande / and as he wylbe walkynge so shall the arme hā ge w^t the borde in a fouwel berynge on the necke / and bynde the arme euery tyme on heyght / that the arme may be the quicker / and the pacyent may not moche goonor stō de / bycause through suche bangynge of the arme shulde come moche bloode therof the arme shulde swell. ¶ Therfore cōmaunde hym to abyde styll / & to this wounde is no­thynge better / thā to holde y^e rule of y^e woū de in the ioynture / as hyer after ye shall ler [...]. ¶ If in y^e elbow be an arow or the arow heed / thā folowe y^e. xvij. chaptre / yf he wyl not goo out af your pleasur / thā put therto rose oyle / & make y^e woūde wyde Inowgh wherby ye may haue out y^e arow heed / thā fulfyll the wo [...]de with [...] led with the yolke of egges / or [...] the whyt of egges. and then clense the wounde with a mundifica [...]nd / as I shall [...]me you here after in Antithodario. As ye be sure of the impostumac [...]on or swellynge / than do flesshe to growe yf it is of nede / and than hele the wounde with y^e grene [...]ded plaster or Jewes plaster / or with [...]awine.

WHan suche a wounde co­meth to you / yf it be in the shulders / elbow / hyppys handes / fyngers / knees / anclowes / and toes / and you feare for the superflue moystnes or accydētes that may come ther to. Than at the fyrst ye must marke yf the paciēt be full of fles [...]he and superflue moystnes / or full of blode. Than ye must marke yf the woūde be grete or small / deep or not or hewē / or stytcheth w^t a dagger / or w^t a sworde / or w^t shot / or y^e stytchyng be opē or closyd. And ye must marke yf the wounde hath bleded moche or lytell. Ilso ye must marke yf the wounde is in a place there as the synewes / vaynes / arteries / or muscles be. And also ye must marke yf the wounde is in y^e length / or ouertwhart / or in a ioynt or membre that is moche occupyed / as the elbowe / or knees / to the whyche ioynte co­meth the moost gretest payne of the greate moystnes that ther be soundē of the nature. [Page] Also ye must marke or y^e pacyēt is obedyent or nat / and yf ye must take hede of hym or nat / and out of this poyntes ye must take y^e cure of this sykenes / & the cure is to be done in iiij. maners / The fyrst through good rule of meet and drynke / and of slepynge and wakynge and of good rest / wherby the na­ture may be strengthe for to put awaye all suche sykenes. The seconde is / through ta­kynge away y^e moystnes and the bloode / & that muste be done with purgacyōs glyster lettynge of blood / or with settynge with boxces / and goynge to the draught / and y^e contrary deele rubbynge or byndyng. The iij. is with dryuynge backwart / & restryn­gynge y^e curse of the bloode / & moystnes / & to strengthe the mēbre. The iiij. is with y^e consumynge of y^e matter. And this is to be done with softe makynge of the wounde / & of the helynge of the vaynes / or synewes or the mēbre / through suche defēdynge slaked the suꝑflue moystnes. ¶ Af any bo­dy be woūdyd in a ioynt or nyghe by a ioynte / that you fere that the glyttynge water shulde come out / If than the pacyent be yō ge / and full of bloode and full of flesshe & of moystnes / than ye must preserue hym of moche eethynge & drynkynge / and let hym eete no fles [...]he nor egges nor of no slymynge fysshe / nor meet made with spicery / & let hym drynke no wyne / but he shalbe content w^t pap of otes / or barly / or ryse / or of almō mylke made w^t brenne water / & therof ma­de soppys / but lytell / he may eete small byrdes / & of yonge gootes / of all this a lytell / If he be syke / gyue hym yonge chekēs / but a lytell / his drynke shalbe barly water / or a lytel Agros medled w^t water / & therof he shal drynke but lytell two tymes in a daye yf he can do it / he shall wake on the daye for that he may sleep the better in the nyght / he shall the membre bynethe the wounde lay hyer than the wounde / werby he may y^e better rest / and yf that he may not well sleepe / than stryke on the place vnder the eere / and on the betynge vayne / and the handes and on the nose thrylles with this salue.

THis wounde is not so gret pe­ryll as is aboue the elbow / for all that the longe muscles is there. iij. twhart fyngers downe warde y^e elbow ther y^e syne­wes & stryngys be bare / that oftentymes makyth grete payne / & through the cramp comet the dethe / this happynyth more in the woūde aboue the elbow. ¶ Of the woūde benethe the elbow is small with out lesynge of the substance / than shall the wounde be bounde after that xij. chaptre. ¶ If the woūde be lengthe y^e arme or ouer twhart that it must be sowyd / than worke and bynde it after the. xiiij. chaptre. In ly­ke wyse do to the wounde that is stytched. ¶ If the arme be throughe cut / than shall you sow it lyke as another wounde / & shal be layd in one pype / or in splenttys / and in a touwell hāgyd / as it is sayd in the. xliiij. chaptre / and yf the pacyent be not w^t a pype bounde / but with splentes / than lay y^e ar­me on a borde / and bytwene the borde and the arme with a kusshyn fylde with hey / & in the wynter fylde it with fedders / the hey is for colynge / & the fedders for warmnes / the pacyēt shall holde in his hande a roūde ball / or a rounde stafe vpon the borde ston­dynge vpryght ¶ If the woūde be in suche a membre / there as many vaynes come to­gyder / pryncypally y^e pulse or betynge vayne / than take hede yf the vayne hath moche blood or not / and hath she not bled Inow­ghe / than do after the. xv. chaptre. ¶ Bleed [Page] the wounde so moche that you can not so [...] it / than bynde the arme aboue the wounde as I you haue lerned in the. xiii. chaptre. & that bloode shall you staunche after the lernynge w [...]e. xv. chaptre. And than shal ye vnbynde the baunde from it / and lay the arme so h [...]e that y^e wounde hangeth nat / and that the arme laye hyer than the elbowe.

THese woundes be not so deedly as the woūde in the elbow Neuertheles therto cometh often tymes impostumacyon and swellynge / therfore take hede yf it neded to be sowed the wounde / thā worke after the. xiij. chaptre. and byn­de it lyke another wounde. If the wounde is with shot / than take out the pellet lyke as it shewed before in the. xvi. chaptre. If the wounde hath bled but lytell / Than let hym blood as is sayd in the. xv. chaptre. If ther be grete payne of the wounde / and the payne wyll not slake then make this af­ter folowynge remedye.

OF the woundes in the brest howe they happened / speketh Gwido y^e meruaylyd him that he hath foūde whr yten so lytell of Galieno / Ha­ly abbate / and Aniceu na / of y^e membres that be holden / and moche is whryten of the mē bres whyche holden / and in these happened the woundes in sondry maners / and therfore ye must haue also sōdry cures / therafter as they be. It is somtyme done w^t a swor­de / or with a dagger / or with a shot / or w^t a spere through ronnyng. Sōtyme is woū dyd the vttermoost skynne and the flesshe. somtyme in the holnes of the brest. somty­me through y^e body. Somtyme is woūded the membres within the body / lyke as the harte / / the longues / and dyafragma / that is the pānicle that departeth the herte from the other membres. And somtyme is not towched y^e membrys within / thā it is but a symple woūde. And this is nedefull to be knowen of this particyon to the surgean / that he may the better do her cure. And by­cause that the olde doctours in this cure ac­cordyth not / therfore I shall whryten som what for to knowe the maner of the woun­des er ye take it in charge.

¶ The fyrst is. If any be wounded in the brest with a swoorde or other lyke wepen / it is lyghtly to knowen yf the wounde w^t ­in be cut through or not / for the greatnes of the wounde. But is it w^t a dagger or arow it is yll to knowe yf it goth through or no [...] Therfore it is nedefull to haue to [...]es fo [...] to knowe the same. And that token that the wounde gothe through the breest / or in the holnes of the brest is / as the wynde cometh out the wounde / princypaly whan the nose and the mouth is stoppeth / than shall yow hāge a lytell feder on a threde a fore y^e woū de / is the woūde through than shall meue the feder. ¶ The token that the herte is wounded / is the blacknes of y^e blode / and that the membres without be colde / the su­perfluyte of the sweyt / of swommynge / or Sincopis minuta. The place of suche a wounde is vnder the lyfte pappe / and that is not good suche a woūde to take in hande therfore it is a cause for to refuse it / for it is a deedly cure. The tokens that the longue is wounded that y^e blood comyng ther out is rede and shomynge / and the pacyente is [Page] hoote and kowckyth / and is pale an y^e place of the wounde is on the ryght / And as

Galienus sayd / whan mo­che bloo [...]yth through the mouth without payne / that is a token that the vaynes be hurt / ¶ The token y^e the diafragma is woūdyd / that he cannot hale his winde to hym / & strongly cow­ghed with bloode & slymy spattyll / & that the pacyent hath great payne in his fy­de / & the place of this wounde is by the small rybbys / if [...]herto comythyll accedēte / [...]han it is dedly / and yf the bloode rya in y^e belly / than it wyll corrupte for nede and rotte / and the token of this is heuynes of the syde / and of y^e smal rybbys / stynkynge spatyll with moche cowghe / & the pacyent hathe therwith the axcis / and Jamer sayd also / the wynde that comyth out of y^e woūde / and the mouthe styncketh so sore y^t it may not be suffryd / & y^t clowte stynckyth of the bloode thāt comyth from y^e woūde / and the woūde that gothe through y^e backe / is in more peryll than y^e other / for the vaynes / synowes / throte / and stryngis of the hert / and that is fastenyth to the bac­ke / and the wounde of the mary is also sore peryllous / and the wounde of the backe bo­ne that is not depe / that is not peryllous / and the wounde that towched not the backe bone / is not so peryllons. ¶ If the wounde be small without lesynge of the substaūce / and that cometh not to noneyll accedence / y^t shalbe drest with tow depped in the whyte of an egge / & therin mydle a letyll drogōs bloode with frankēsence / lyme of egge shel les / and on the. iij. day shall the wounde be drest agayne / and than hele it with a gre [...] woundyd plaster / or with the Jewys plaster / or with bawme / but wyll you occupye the bawme / so must you occupye it at y^e be­gynnynge to the endynge without dressyng of the whyte of an egge doynge therto / and also defende the wounde from hete and swellynge with that de [...]ensi [...]um.

THe woūde throughgoynge y^e mawe. is very peryst. As the mawe wounded that shall ye knowe by y^e outcomynge of y^e meet. and is y^e place of y^e woū de before / than it is dedely. Is the woūde of the mawe not greate / & it is in a flesshly place / than may it be helyd w^t one good sur gean. Is ther ony wounde by the mawe or in y^e pytte of the harte through the skyn̄e & flesshe / thā shall ye hele it after y^e. xii. chap. Is y^e woūde grete and wyde / or strykē w^t a sworde / than shall ye the wounde sowe / bynde / and hele after the. xiii. chaptre.

[Page] ¶ Is the wounde in the holl of the body w^t out hurtynge of y^e mawe / or onyother mē ­bee / than shall the wounde be tent yd with oyle of roses / and rose hony / and y^e yolke of egges / tyll it begynne togyue matter / and than clense it with the plaster in y^e chaptre of the brest / therafter shall you do growen flesshe with vnguentum fuscum / or vnguē tum aureum scdm Mosue / whyche salue I shall set in Anthydorario / Orye shall c [...]c̄se the woūde w^t this after folowynge water.

SOm tyme is the wounde in the belly before / and som tyme be hynde / And the wounde y^e es besore & through the webbe or fleme ther the boweles lay in. that one is callyd Myrach and that other is a thynne panycle / and is callyd Syfac / and lyeth within Myrach / and kepyth in hym the guttys / & on the hyn­der parte is the. v. spondeles of the renne / & the flesshe ther vnder. ¶ Also is ther woun­des within / as in the many fold / in the gut­tes / and in the mawe / and in the renne / and in the moder (or matrix) and in the bladder / The woundes in the belly is somtyme that gothe not out / and somtyme gothe there out that fleme callydzirbus / and the guttes / or other lyke. ¶ And the woundes happenyth somtyme with a sworde / and somtyme w^t a launce / and somtyme with an arow / and somtyme with other instrumētys / that slyt chyd o [...]ttyth. Som woundys be great & som small cut with a dagger / som twhart / & som cleuyd in lengthe. Som lytell / som great / some wyde / and som narowe. And this poynttys must ye know [...]r ye begynne to cure the woūde. ¶ And herafter folowynge be the tokens of the wounde / wherby ye shall know what membrys ther be wonn­ded without or within the body. ¶ The to­ken of y^e woūde in y^e bely going not through it is knowen by the syght / and by y^e pronfe / as that ther comyth not out. ¶ The token of the woūde of a strtche y^e is goyng within / that is be knowen as y^t proufe gooth deppe in warde / & as zirbus / or y^e guttes / or any other goth [...]t. ¶ The token that zirbus hath bene longe out / as it is chaūgyd / that is as his substaunce is blacke and stynkyn­ge. ¶ That token that the guttes is woun­dyd / that is as the dyrte gothe out / And if the great guttes / or small guttes be woun­dyd / is knowen through the place of y^e woū de. aboue the nauell is the small guttes / & vnder the nauell is y^e great guttes. ¶ The token that y^e mawe is woūdyd I haue sayd in y^e fore wrytyn chaptre. ¶ The token [...] the lyuer is woundyd / is to know in y^e [...] comynge of the bloode / and the wounde is in the ryght syde ¶ The token y^t the mylt is woundyd / that is the out comynge of styn­kynge / and is in the left syde. ¶ The token that the renes be woundyd / is knowen by out comynge of watry bloode. Galienus sayd that the wounde and sowynge is more peryllous in the myddys of the belly / than in the sydes. ¶ The wounde that gothe not through shalbe helyd / with the grene woū dyd plaster or bawme / lyke an other wounde / as is lerned in the. xii. and. xiii. chaptre. In lyke wyse shal be cured y^e through going woūde within / as ther no lymmys be woū dyd / than alone y^t the woūde gothe thrugh Myrach / and Sysa [...] / this woūde is cured in the same maner afor sayd / & it must haue another sowynge. ¶ The sowynge of the [Page] belly [...] is in m [...]my maners / And Galienus cōmaūded the sowynge all thus. ¶ In the fyrst threst the nedyll in the one lyppe of the wounde / and to wche with y^e nedyl Syfac / and af [...]e [...] that trest the nedyll through My­rach and knet it on the wounde. And in the secōde stytche / lette y^e nedyll godin through the one lyppe / through that hole Myrach & Syfac / and that shalbe knet without / and goo so forth tyll yt be all sowen / & Galienus sayd another sowynge / and Albucasis folo [...] with the sowynge / and it is more comonly & lyghter. The sowynge is in this maner / ye shal sowe the border of y^e lyppys togyder and to euery stytche a knotte / as moche as it nedyd. Albucasis sette the maner with the nedyl and sowynge / as is aforsayd / but lette the nedyll stytche in it / and wynde the thryd about the nedyll / as is aforsayd in y^e xiij. chaptre. Lanfrancus & Henricus sayd another maner / that ye shall [...]iytche with a nedyll the thryde without in the lypre or y^e wounde / and stytche it through Myrach / & Syfac / and so as y^e stytche may be ordred ryght / therafter sow the other parte of the lyppe outwarde agayne / & cut of the endys of the threde / and let it belonge Inowgh / and after that sow in suche maner / and let bytwene y^e stytchis a space of atwhart fyn­ger / and as that is done / make one knot of the. iiij. stytchys / and so goo for the in the so­wynge of the hoole wounde / and through the sowynge of Syfac / that hath no flesihe / be cured with the helpe of Myrach / and w^t the woūde outwardly / and the bandes of y^e brest may we occupye to this woundys of the belly / ther no lymmys be woūdyd / nor comyth out: ¶ Whan the guttes is woūdyd ouer twhart / or is in pecis / thā it is dedly / yf it be lengthe woundyd / it may be holpen. ¶ If that the woūde / of y^e belly is not grete Inowgh / than shall ye make it greater / as I shall shewe you herafter / than shall you take out proꝑly the guttes / and sow it ther after as it is nedeful / w^t a skynners nedyll / Jamericus / Theodoricus / Rogerius lay elder pypes in the guttes / vnder the seme / y^t y^e seme rotte not. Wilhelmus & some other / lay therin a part of a cryer of a throte goll of a beest / as the. iiij. maysters sayth / But Lanfrancus & Guide they thynke it not be prof▪ table / for that nature is inclyned to outdrawynge straunge thyngys / and thus yt helpe not therfore it was layd / and it is better that the guttes be sowyd / as a fore is sayd / and that it be clensyd of the vnclēnes / and that powder shall hastely be layd on y^e seme / and is made in this maner▪

WEre a woūde in y^e partes whyche holdē / as y^e skyn̄ & flesihe / it shalbe helydly ke a woūde in y^e xii. &. xiii. chaptre. But y^e woūde in theumer lymmes y^t be holden / as in the kydneys and bladder / and y^e moder or matrix of a woman. This be mē bres nedefull to euery body / & this hath no [Page] other cure than the wounde in the belly. ¶ That token y^t the bladder is wounded y^t is the outcomynge of the vryne through y^e place in pectine. ¶ That token y^t the moder or matrix is woundyd / it shall be knowen through the place vnder y^e nauyll through the outcomynge of the blood / and cure the woūde lyke another woūde with sowynge princypally whan the woūde is by y^e necke of the matrix for ther is y^e more flesshe / ther for the woūde is the better to make fast.

¶ The woūde in the kydney may not be he lyd / for it is feded w^t the watery blood that the helynge belettyd / and also it is altymē in meuynge / and it is y^e way wher through the vryne comyth. ¶ The woūde in y^e bladder can not be helyd / for it is a synewy part without flesshe / & is altyme meuynge / & to receyue the vryne and to gyue out agayne / But the woūde y^t ther is in the necke of the bladder ther it hath flesshe and blood / that may be helyd with a truwe cure / lyke as it be sene as the stone there be cutt out. which stone is growen frome longe tymes in the body of a man.

¶ Whan the woūde is in the hole of y^e bladder there as no flesshe nor blood is that the vryne comethout / that is deedly. For all y^e sowe the bladder / and laye vpon the seme this plaster solowynge.

THe woundes in this place is ferefull for her subtyll composicyon / & conyngly workynge / neuertheles yf y^e yarde of the man be wounded in lengthe or euerth warte / & yf the wounde be not grete it shall be cured with y^e sowynge / powder / lettynge blood an y^e vayne / and with good paysyon as another wounde. ¶ And yf the wounde be ouerthwart & clene cut of / than is y^e wounde moost in peryll / by the reasen of many synewes & vaynes / therfore som­tyme y^e pacyent dyeth or y^e blood be stopped

[Page] ¶ For easynge of the payne in suche a woū de. Take warme oyle of roses and anoynte therwith from the vpperparte of the yarde vnder the nauyll / and aboute Periconiam that is bytwene the foundament & his pre­uyte / & brenne the wounde roundabout w^t a brennynge yron / with that y^e bloode may be stopped / and to take away the crāpe whiche comyth often of the payne. And thervpō you may lay also y^e stone aforesayd iu y^e. xv. chaptre. and also the stone made in powder and ther amonge medle Dragons blood / whyte Frankencense / and Aloepaticum / of eche lyke moche mydled with the white of egges stryken on a clothe / or plumacyole y^t in y^e myddes hath a hole as grete as a strawbery / and the plumaciole layde theron that the hole maye come euenly to the pype of the yarde that the vryne maye com through / and ouer it shal you do your byndynge / and behynde roundabout ye shall laye the defensyuum And ye shall gyue the pacyent euery mornyng / noone / and euenyng the medycynable woūde drynke that I shall set in An­tidothario. The woundes in the coddes de­stroyed y^e coddes / and taketh lyghtly away the generatyon all is y^e parson not in no pe­ryll of dethe. And the cure of this is lyke the cure of a comon wounde.

IN this woūde is no grete peryll / but yf it be very great / y^t the skyn flesshe / and the synewes be hurt / y^t the same synewes be schronkē so shal y^e man halte. ¶ If y^e wounde be cut with a knyfe sworde or oterlyke wepē. If the woūde be smal / it shall be boūde after y^e. xij. chap. ¶ If the woūde be grete y^t it must be sowē / than sowe & bynde it after the. xij. chaptre. & shall be heled as another woūde w^t y^e grene wounded plaster / or bawm / as it is aforsayd. ¶ If y^e woūde be strykē w^t a dagger / ye shal tente it w^t a comely tēte depte in oyle of roses warme / and with y^e yolke of egges and so put it therin as farre as ye may with the foresaydoyle / vnto the tyme the woūde begyn to gyue matter / then clense it and he le it as another woūde. ¶ Je may aske me wherfore I haue lerned to put so moche rose oyle in the woūde / and that I haue forbyd­den the rose oyle in the. xij. and. xiij. chapt. Thervpō answere I / that ye sholde be the surer & faster in your workyng / & that ther to the lesser com the yll accydentes of y^e hote impostumacyō. It is more profytable such euyll accydēt to defende / thā y^e yll accydēt to drawe away / for the nature of y^e oyle by y^e warmnes getynge of the fyre / is swettynge / softenynge / & openynge / pryncypally in the narow and shoten woūdes / for a stycke or a woūde come to matter than cometh seldome ther to euyll accydent. Therfore I cō maūde you to do therto a lytell of the yolke of an egge / for the woūde to get a lytell clē synge / y^t the matter sooner shold come. And al tymes is very good to make such an oyle of roses of vnrype grene oyle olyue / for the [...]ose oyle & such oyle olyue haue in them alytel bytynge w^t styptica. Also y^e rype oyle olyue is good to make rype y^e yl accidēt / y^e myddell rype oyle doth auoyde y^e matter / y^e vn­rype grene oyle is good for y^e cōsolidatiuū and for helynge togyder the wounde.

If y^e woūde be made by y^e shot of an arowe in this parte of the body / than drawe it out [Page] & take as I haue sayd in y^e. xvij. chapytre. Or supple the wounde withoyle of roses and ther with shall it be tentyd for to come out / and lay aboute the place a defensiuum than shall it be clensed with this salue.

And after y^t hele it with a grene wounded plaster / and the salue shall be made of rose hony. xij. ounces / fenigreke meele / lyusede meele of eche. iiij. ounces / oyle of camomell & barley meele of eche. ij. ounces / lay this theron / for it taketh away the payne / and clēseth the place / his drynke shall be made with barley water sodden with parseley rotes / & let hym take hede of blood lettynge / and to y^e drawght goynge for it is nedefull to these woundes / and cōmaunde them to be quyet for there is no better thynge for a wounded parsone / and often cometh of a lytel woūde grete harme bycause y^t he taketh no hede of suche a woūde / therfore take he­de in suche a cause.

THe woundes in the thyghe or in y^e thyckenes of the legge aboue the knee it is dredful for the muscles that be there / and they be often deedly. Guido sayth / there is but lytell dyfferēce bytwene these woundes and y^e woundes in y^e armes but a lonely the wounde of the thyghe is of­ten deedly / and y^t cometh of euyll accedent / & yf the woūde be small / she shall be boūde after y^e. xij. chapytre / If y^e wounde be grete y^t it must be sowed / it shall be sowed after y^e. xiij. chapytre / vpon y^e seme shall be layde the powder of dragons blood / whyte frankencence / y^e lyme of egge shelles / and leue one ende of y^e wounde open y^t there thrugh [...] the woundemay be clensed. The fyrst day lay in y^e wounde y^e yolke of an egge / with rose oyle / for to clense it / and alwayes do aboute the wounde defensiuū tyll it be wel clensed / than cause y^e flesshe to growe / and hele it with y^e grene wounded plaster / and at the begynnynge also ye may hele it with halsom. ¶ If the wounde be so depe that y^e muscle be wounded / so we the muscle with a waxentrede / and after the skyn ¶ And yf the wounde bleed to moche yeshal stoppe it as I haue lerned you in the. xv. chapytre / & lay on y^e seme this powder / whyte franken feuce / y^e lyme of egge shelles / and dragons blood / and lay aboute the wounde that de­fēsiuum / and in the wounde the yolke of an egge medled w^t oyle of roses / & yfye be sure there cometh no impostumacion / than lay theron fyrst mundificatinum / or the grene wounded plaster / yf the wounde be depe & narowe / and bledeth sore / stoppe the blood as I haue lerned you / and let blood out [...] vayne ther agaynst / and lay oner it tha [...] fensiu [...]m. ¶ Je shall knowe also y^t ye shal [...] neuer take tentes for holdynge y^e woundes open there as the woūde is full of waynes or [...]scly flesshe / for in suche a wounde co­meth grete harme of the tentes / therfore is put in the wounde oyle of roses before the tentes / for surenes that there shall no euyll accedēt come ther to / therfore shall y^e woū ­de be clēsed and heled as is aforesayd / And yf y^e wounde haue not bleed moche / thē shal the pacyent be let blood on the vayne / and rule hym with etynge and drynkynge and to the drawght goynge / as you may se in y^e chaptre of the rulynge.

[Page] SOre dredfull and deedly is y^e wounde in the kne / for y^e grete synewes that is therin / for the knees hath the most grete bandes Corda [...] / and Neruo (rum) / & they be in the [...]thermore parte / there the moystnes hastely cometh downewarde / therfore all these woūdes ben daūgerous / for Au [...]c [...]nna sayth that the wounde on the knee by the shynne is euyll / bycause that to the wounde comyth euyll accydent / therof s [...]e shall seldon be sure▪ and these woundes haue lytell dyfference of the woundes of y^e armes / handes / & of feete / but alonely this wounde in this place is dredfull / pryncy­pally yf the be. iij. fyngers from the knee / for the goodnes of y^e place / so come ther ony accedent that the good surgean can not better it / As it is often sene / that the pacyent dyeth of a lytell wounde / and also he must ernestly take hede of the hynder parte for y^e ij. synewes that cometh from the heed thru­ghe the backe and behynde thrughe the legges to the sooles of the feete. I haue sene many euyll accedentes comynge of suche small woundes ther is lytell set by or takē, hede to / and y^e mys [...]e fortune is fallen to me and other [...]o / therfore it is nedefull to take [...] for this wounde / and to folowe after y^e xlv. chapytre / y^t speketh of all suche woundes of y^e ioyntes the playne matter / & pryn­cypally of that glytynge water / and take good hede to the lernynge of y^e same chapy­tre / & forgette nothynge to do after y^e rewle of y^e same chapytre / & pryncypally y^t the pacyent kepe hym styll / that the woūded lyth & mēbre be in rest as lytell as the wounde is / & of the woūde be small y^e more charge is in it / therfore folowethe same lernynge tyll y^e wounde come to his dysgestyon and gyuynge out of the matter / tyll ye be sure of all accedente / neuertheles tryst it not / but go forth & folowe the good cure / tyll that y^e full wounde be hole. ¶ If the wounde be shot with an arowe supple out y^e arowe w^t warme oyle as is afore sayd / and the same oyle shall do as moche good in the [...]ounde as yf y^e tentes were put in / an y [...] shall strē ­gth y^e sayd woūnde with defensinū / and ye shall let the pacyent blood out of y^e vayne / and to do his easement / and as ye be sure y^t there come no [...]stume therto / so shall you clense the wounde with vnguentū aposto­lorum secund [...]m Auicēnam therafter shall you cure it with a grene wounde plaster / also take hede yf there be ony bones depār­ted from other thā departe it hole / thā sowe the vpper parte of y^e wounde togyder / and leue the nether parte open that the wounde may be clēse thrughe euery day / y^e first day lay in the wounde the yolke of anegge medled wyth oyle of roses / y^e nexte day ye shall clense the wounde / after that cause y^e flesshe to growe / and hele it lyke another woūde.

IN y^e shynnes is many sy­newes y^t cometh downe from the brayne therfore in the wounde of y^e shynne is grete peryll / not alone­ly for the synewes but for y^e muscles that is iij. fyn­gers byneth y^e kne thrugh whiche many ꝑsones hath grete ha [...]e by.

[Page] ¶ If there come but lytell blood out of the wounde / let hym blood on the vayue on the contrary parte. & let hym holde the rule in goynge to stole / as I haue sayth in the. xlv. chaptre. & he shall drynke mydled wyne.

¶ If the wounde bleed sore / floppe it as is sayd in the. xv. chaptre. & then clense y^e woū de / & yf it be nede sowe it and lay on y^e seme the powder aforesayd / & hele it as another wounde / wherof many tymes es aforsayd.

IN the ancle is the woūde peryllous / for it is set to gyder with small bones / Therfore as the ancle is wounded / it maye not be set to gyder in hys ryghte cōposycyon as he was be­fore. And also the ancle is fastenned with many synewes / and as they be wounded it is harde to helpe. ¶ If it be woūded with an arowe / ye shall anoynte the place with oyle of roses / & drawe out y^e arowe and put in the wounde the aforsayd oyle. And as ye be sure of the wounde / then ye shal clense it / and after ye shall hele it w^t a grene woūded plaster. & the pacyent shall holde the rule of lettynge bloode / and of the stole goynge / as I haue sayd before: If y^e pacyent be very syke or feble / gyue hym of a sodden chycken / and gyue them also med­led wyne. ¶ And yf y^e woūde be gretely cut vnto the bone / clense it withinwarde / and then so we the woūdeto gyder agayn. And yf the synewes be cut / sowe them to gyder and afterwarde the skynne / and lay on the seme this powder of Dragons blood / Dragantum / Gōmiarabici / of eche lyke moche and in the mouthe of the woūde put oyle of roses mydled with rose hony. This do. iij. or. iiij. dayes. and lay aboute the wounde a defensyuū. And afterwarde clense the woū de / and hele it with a grene wounded plas­ter lyke another wounde.

THe wounde in this place must ye knowe yf it be shot with an arowe / stycked / or cutteth / yf it be ouertwhart or a length / and yf the arowe go throughe or not. And yf y^e arow be in y^e foote drawe it out as I haue lerned you in the. xvi. chapytre / yf you fere there solde come payne ther­to by the reason that there be many vaynes in the foote / fyll y^e woūde w^t warme oyl [...] roses / and so you may drawe it out softely and lay in the mowth of y^e wounde oyle of roses medled with rose hony / and about the wounde this defensiuum / of oyle of roses / boly armeny / w^t a lytell vynegre / and as you be sure of anguysshe clense the wounde and hele it with the grene wounded plaster or with Jeuys plaster / If the cut wounde bleed sore / than stop y^e bledynge as I haue lerned you in the chapytre of the woundes stoppynge / than sowe it and bynde it as I haue sayd in y^e. xiij. chapytre / and lay vpon y^e wounde y^e powder of whyt frankensence dragons blood / the lyme of egge shelles / & aboute the wounde lay the defensyu [...] aforesayd / then clense y^e woūde / and hele it lyke another woūde. Also lay the foote hye & ke­pe it metely warme so y^t the moystnes come [Page] nottherin. ¶ And kepe the pacyent in rule of meet & dryuke / & of goynge to y^e draught as I haue lerned you. Also you shal know y^t the synewes cometh from the brayne. and yfthe foote be cut ye must be the more dyly­gent and dredefull to take it in cure.

OF the woūdes y^t happe neth in y^e softe mēbres I haue sayd / as of the skyn̄e / flesshe / vaynes synewes / vnto y^e bone So shall I wryte of y^e harder dele / or partes of y^e body. And of all y^t is cut w^t a sworde / & y^t the flesshe & the bone be throughe cut / that is called a woūde w^t the fracture or brekyng. & yf y^e bone be hurt w^t no cuttynge instrumēt / but w^t a clobbe / or staffe / stone / or fallynge / or cast / or by hym selfe / or by another / it is called a frac­ture or brekynge of y^e bones. Sōtyme y^e bo ne breketh ouertwharte y^t in the fracture w^t the brekynge is no smal peces of the bone / & y^t comenly is called a fracture. & somtyme y^e bone is beten & hurte / & is vneuen brokē w^t splenters y^t one pece or many peces depteth from other / y^t is called frustralis / or y^e bone broken w^t peces. Somtyme it is not brokē ouertwhart / nor w^t peces / but it is rente in length / then it is called Apertura or rente. The token of y^e fracture or brekynge / yf it be in brede or in length / It is knowen wel ynoughe by the syght & by vnderstādynge / as haly abbas & Lāfrā. sayth / & can ye not se y^e fracture / ye shall know thrugh selynge w^t your hāde on y^e bone (as Rasis & Auicē. sayth) ¶ The payne of the bone as it is tow chyd / & the feblenes therof is a token of the fracture. And as ther is in y^e fracture splen­tes or peces / then ye shall fele by the peces about y^e fracture & it wyl prycke in y^e flesshe & the pacyent feleth the pryckynge ouer the place of the fracture / & moost whā you tow che it with your hande. ¶ The fracture or rynyng that cometh in the length of y^e bone is worser to be knowen than the fracture y^t cometh ouertwharte y^e bone / but it is kno­wen for y^e membre is greter and thycker / & that the pacient with y^e membre may not laboure as he hath done before tymes. That bone y^t is ouertwhart broken in. ii. peces y^t is more peryllous to bynde and to holde / than is the bone that is broken or rente in y^e length. Therfore as suche a fracture is he­led it is altymes vneuē and croked / pryncy pally as the fracture is in a bone y^t standeth alone with none other standyng ther by / ly ke as the formest bone in the arme / and in y^e shynnes. ¶ The fracture by the ioyntes it is the heuyest & the worst to bynde / And yt can not well be bounden for there cometh often tymes grete payne in the meuynge / & hardneth the fracture with payne and mar rynge of the flesshe / And yf it haue moche moystnes it is euyll / bycause he can not be▪ holpē for the tyme y^e fayntnes must be fyrst amended. ¶ The fracture with a wounde hathe a sondry cure / & ye must make holes in the bande / through the whyche it may be heled where as nede is. ¶ Whan ony frac ture is longe vnbounde it is dredfull and y^e worse. ¶ And yf the fracture ware harde / than is it the worse to set to gyder / and ther fore it is nedefull to haue a greate stronge [Page] byndyge / and the grete stronge byndynge is peryllous sor comynge onyhete & cram­pe (as Auicenna sayth)

¶ To knowe in what tyme the bones may be heled / that is to knowe. The braynnan may be heled in. xl. dayes. The bone of the nose is heled in. xiiii. dayes. The rybbes in xx. dayes. and so forth it shall be sayd here­after. But the age of a man taketh awaye suche comely tyme of helynge. Jamericus Auicenna / and haly abbas sayth / what is the cause that the tyme is longe or y^e bones be heled to gyder / It cometh often tymes y^t the bones be oftē tymes dressed / and moyst­ned with warme water / and with often ty mes meuynge / and that ther is to lytell sly my blood / and throughe strayte byndynge it beletteth the membre to fede / & hyndreth hym of his helynge. And it is sayd that the swellynge of the membre wout grete payn after y^e byndynge / & slaketh the swellynge after the tyme of the settynge agayne of the bones that is a good token.

¶ Item Galienus and Auicenna sayth to this fracture is. iiii. dyuers maners of he­lynge and byndynge / The fyrst the broken bone to be made euen / The other set togy­der agayne y^e bone that is made euen. The iii. is the byndynge w^t the hole / The. iiii. to amende y^e yll accidēte. And in y^e fyrst I wyl gyue you that whiche is nedful to this worke / fyrst se that all thynge be redy to the set­tynge in agayne. The other lernynge is to haue a comely place / & a comely seruaunt. The. iii. is the white of an egge / so moche as it is Inough / & oyle of roses / and depte therin a cloth / after the gretnes of y^e mēbre. The. iiii. thre bandes longe and brode after the mēbre. The. v. is towe that is softe and wel heccled / depte in acicrata & wrōge out agayne (As Ra. [...]sayleth) The. vi. splētes y^t beeuē & smote / made of box or harde wood or of horne / or of yron / or of lether after the mēbre thre fyngers brode ouer y^e fracture / and more yf nede be / as albucaiis sayth / & that it touche thout uor hurteth the ioyntes in the myddes thycker then in y^e endes / and therof shall be layde as many as nede is / & that may goo aborte y^e mēbre couered with clothes wasshed in the whyte of an egge.

¶ The. vii. yf it be nede ye shall haue pypes with small cordes to hynde so moche as ne­deth after the lengthe of the membre / y^e splētes shall be boun de with the cordes & with the pypes / and bynde it reasonably / & after drawe thorowe the pypes small styckes so that y^e pypes t [...]e not / & that y^e dyndynge lose not. ¶ The. viii. that ye haue suspenio­riū or canabulū therin y^e mēbre ryght and surely is be set ¶ The. ix. y^e bedde there as y^e pacyent lyeth yt it be nede / it muste haue a hole wherthrugh he may do his draught and therfore he shal haue a corde hangynge aboue the bed / wher w^t he may tourne selfe. The other lernynge is of y^e maky [...] euen with. ii. seruauntes / wher of the one shall holde & drawe the mēbre at one ende. and the other seruaūt shall holde, & drawe at the other ende vpryght that it breke not / and yf they maye not drawe it alyke with theyr handes / & the broken mēbre stretche out / ye shall take a gyrdell made therfore / or ony other thynge (As Ipocras sayd) but it were very good to haue a vyce made therfore / that the bone myght be preserued tyll the mēbre be bonnde / and the facyon of this same vyce standeth here in pycture

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[Page] ¶ The. iii. lernynge that the holdynger of y^e membre whiche is with byndynge and ga derynge togyder / it shall be done softely w^t out ony payne. Galienus sayth / they that bynde / shall chose the beste maner that ther to belongeth that the lesser payne maye be / for not hynge marreth so sooue the membre [...] the payne dothe comynge of the strayte vyndynge / and vnreasonable handelynde / Therfore marke well (that Guydo sayth) And in lyke wyse I also haue sene many mē bres that hath bene euyll gnyded with esti omena & rottynge / Therof Rasys gyueth warnynge to the surgean for the byndynge that is lose bounde it holdeth not the bone / and the harde byndynge bryngeth payne / and letteth foode to come to the membres / and the byndynge vp must be as the pacyēt may suffre withease (as Rasys sayth).

Ipocras cōmaundeth to take. iii. bandes. And the fyrst bande goynge vpwarde from the fracture whyche letteth the comynge downe of the matter. The other bande is from the same place goynge downewarde and that thresteth the matter out / and the­se twoo bandes kepeth to gyder the broken bone / and defendeth that none impostuma cyon come therto / but that is not ynowe / for y^e thyrde bande must be put therto / whi che is bounde for the kepe the plumacyoles to close it withall. Galienus cōmaundeth to take Acerotum / wherfore nowe is takē oyle of roses. Also Rasys counsayleth that the fracture at the fyrste begynnynge shall not be boūde to fast tyll the. vii. daye. And on the. vii. daye. it shall be bounde metely strayte / and in the fyrste and the laste ende bynde it not to faste for fere of impostuma­cyon. ¶ The. iiii. lernynge is that in the be gynnyng shall be layde good euen splentes or other thynges in theyr stede / not for to strayne y^e membre / but alonely for to kepe it vnto the seuenth day ende / for feare that [...]o impostnmacyon come therto / than shall yo [...]ay theron good stronge splentes / that y^e membre may be holde fast / and at y^e fyrst tyme I take the goode splentes / and bynde them som what lose / that no swellynge nor impostumacyon come therto / And also do so to the last tyll it be well strengthed / and be not hasty to take of the splentes (as Aup cenna sayth in his boke of Sargery.

¶ The. v. lernyng and doctryne is of the ty me of chaūgynge or byndynge / or dressyng The chaungynge shall not be done before the. x. xv. or. xx. day / pryncypally as y^e byndynge is dressyd with the oyle aforesayde / And yf the fracture be not well and ryghte set / or ony stronge accydente cometh therin the sooner it must be dressed. And yf ye dres se the byndynge with the powder as I shal lerne you / so leue the byndynge theron y^e. ix. or. x. day. and longe abydyng in [...] a byndynge wichout chaungyng it is euy [...] (as Rasys sayth) But yf ye were in feare y^t it is not wel and ryght set / thā may ye chan̄ ge the byndynge in. vii. dayes. and somty­me sooner. and ye shall somtyme chaunge y^e byndyng. in. x. dayes. for cause than is yet there not come the porus. and is than ther ony vneuen than make it euen y^t it not pryc kyth nor stytchyd in the fracture.

¶ If payne / or impostumacyon / or other yll accydentes cometh therto / than may ye chaunge it at the. iii. daye. But in other cau sys shall it not be chaunged nor losyd vp be fore the. vii. daye. but yf y^e matter must be clensyd than ye may the sooner chaunge the byndynge and dressynge of the same.

¶ The. vi. doctryne and lernynge is this [Page] [...]itacyons of the porus / & it growe that the [...] [...]day / and when it is comen ye shall strength hym with meete and drynke / and Galienus sayth the body f [...]de w^t meet wher in is grete moystnes / therof cometh not onely good / but also [...] my moystnes / & therof and therout cometh that couglutu [...] that is he lynge to gyder (as A uicēna sayth lyke asrys rappe where / sodden heedes / & feetes of beestes / and refrayne wyne. He shall be ware hym for all thynges that bren neth the blood / as stronge wyne / garlyke / onyons / mustatde / and well smellynge spyces. And Rasys sayth / in the begynnynge shall he chaūge his rulynge / in drynkynge no wyne / and in goyng to chambre / and in lettynge blood / and ther w^t shall be letteth the impostumacyon. and as he is sure of the impostume than may he returne agayne to his olde rule. In the fyrst retourne agayn to the makynge euen of the bones with drawynge out the membre streyght / and [...]y [...]e vp the bone that is pressed downe / & threste downe y^e other bone that standeth on hyght and do it without payne / vnto the tyme the bones be knyt togyder in hys ryght place. The other lernynge is to be done w^t a good byndynge as many mayster sayth / and som bynde the fracture euen w^t out splentes vnto the fyfthe or syxte day / som layeth with plu macyoles of clowtes (as mayster Petrus) som of tow (as Theodoric [...]) and they bynde ther vpon the splentes / and these bothe doth h [...]me / for the plumacyoles sholde be somany that there sholde be no faste byndynge and in a slyppe myght the membre be hurte And Euydo foloweth after y^e sayd lernyng And at the fyrst do that y^e payne may be put away and kepynge also the membre. The seconde in kepynge that the porus or cōglutinatiuum groweth about the fracture.

The thyrde / that in kepynge the membre shal be stretched & brought agayn in his ol­de workynge. ¶ Also ther is. iiii. maners for to hele & bynde this fracture. The fyrst as the fracture is ouert wharte / and yf ther be no small peces of bones to take out / than shall the fracture and wounded membre be stretche dout and holdē by your seruauntes and to set ryght the brokē bones and do after the rule as I shall lerne you / yf there be ony small [...]eces departed fro the bone y^e stycke in the flesshe and is hangynge on the bone set them in theyr fyrst place and bynde them well togyder / make the small bones in the muscles payne and cause them to folowe the impostumacyon / than it is nede to cut the flesshe on that place and take out the lose bones and than to make y^e mēbre hole as I shall lerne you / yf the flesshe be brused with the fracture of the bone / then shall the bone be bounde with oyle of roses and shall lay on the powder of myrtylle beryes / and ouer the oyle and powder yeshallay a cloth depte in the whyte of egges & oyle of roses & bynde it softely / If y^e fracture be without payne / and without small peces of bones & is well streyghtened / so shall you bynde it with a longe brode bande after y^e dretnes of y^e membre without beynge longe of doyng And your seruaunt must holde the membre whyle y^e clowtes be layde bytwene (as Ga­lienus is wonte to do▪ the clowtes may not be to cowrse for y^t letteth the good byndyng and the same clowtes sholde be depte in the whyte of egges medled in oyle of roses / and begyn to bynde vp y^e fracture w^t the ban [...]e going vp and downe / and let y^e bande goe ynoughe on the hole part / and vpon the fracture bynde euen without paine / and vpon y^e bande shall be layde. ii. dowble [...] depte and wronge out agayne / and shall couer [Page] the hole membre and that the endes of y^e splentes hurte not the membre / & sowe then the clothe about and thervpon lay the splentes made of wood or of ledder & then bynde it w^t pypes / then shall the pacyent be layde in a styl place where he may haue rest / and yf it be nedefull ye shall let y^e pacyent blood the other day / and gyue hym a laxatyue in the fyrst dayes / and the byndynge shall not be chanuged in. x. or. xv. dayes / without were ony euyll accydent comynge therto / or that the fracture be not set well to gyder as is afore sayde / and after the. iii. and. iiii. day y^e fracture shall be dressed / and bounde as it was before. And yf the tyme be hote & there come a swellynge / or impostumacyō or ony other / ye shall occupy the oyle afore­sayd / and yf he be sure of the euyll accedent than shall ye make this powder / wherof I haue often sene grete profyte come.

MAnytymes is the bone of y^e nose brokē / & somtyme beten flat / to whyche brekynge as therto betymes is takē hede it may behol pen at his fyrst proporcyō but as it not be done betymes / it wyll be so euery more styll. Ther fore it is nedefull for the wounde of y^e nose shortely to be taken hede to / and to be set in his stede. Therfor ryghte it anone / for yf it become harde / that dothe the pacyent grete payne as it shall beryghted agayn. And ye must ryght the nose after this maner.

Take your fore fynger of your lyfte hande or your lytell fynger and put it in his nose / and with your ryght hande threst vp y^e fracture / and lyfte vp with your forefynger the nose and set the bone in agayne in his ryght place / & whē ye haue made it euen / ye shall make a w^tyeke of waxe and medle therin a lytell powder of mastick / and dragōs blo­de made in small powder / and thys wyeke must be made lyke a candell and put it in y^e nose. Wylhelm [...] placentin [...] maketh an harde wyeke or tente of towe depte in oyle ofroses / & cast theron this powder made thus.

AS the chekebone is broken / ye shall take your fynger of y^e lyfte hande and set it vnder y^e mowthe of the pacyent / & set y^e cheke bone euen ryghte to gyder w^t your ryght hande & you shall knowe when they stande euen / that is as the syke tethes stande euen lyke y^e other hole tethes. Then take a sylke threde. v. or. vi. dobble well waxed / or take a copper wyer y^t hathe [...]en [...]eneled in the fyre / and or it be colde throughe brayde the tethes togyder in lyke wyse as the picture sheweth.

¶ And after that take powder as hereafter foloweth medled with y^e whyte of an egge / and stryke it vpon a clothe lyke a plaster & bynde it as is aforesayd in the chaptre of y^e wounde in the chekebone. Or lay plu [...]oles with dowble folde lynnen clothe / and thervpō lay sklentes made of ledder. Than shall you bynde it with one bande / be [...]nynge behynde the necke and comynge on y^e cheke / and agayn vnder the eeres behynde y^e heed / and so bynde it aboute the foreheed and yf it be nedefull wynde it often aboute in the same maner tyll y^e bande be made fast And the powder is made thus.

PAulus [...] & Haly [...]bas sayth / In the spondyles or backe bone com­meth [...] fracture or brekynge / but of stronge strokes are fore brused: & that is deedly / & therfore [...] folowyng after y^e euyll tokenyng and accydent and hurtynge of nucha or mary of y^e backebone y^t cometh from y^e brayne downe [...] throughe the backebone / for the brayne maye not suffre. Therfore sayth Paulus Haly abbas & Albucasys / what accydente or payne cometh to nucha and to the synewes / that brengeth paralisis of the handes as it is in the vppermoost parte of y^e spōdyles. But yf the payne be in the nether spondyles so cometh the paralisys in y^e foote (as Albucasys sayth) As ye se the pacyente may not g [...] to the drawght nor pysse as he wolde / it is deedly (as Albuca. sayth) therfore ye shal not take that in cure. ¶ If ther be no suche accydente than take it in cure & take away the impostumacyon and payne. Ye shall salue the hole backe w^tout the fracture. And ye shall let them blood shortely on the hande nere the thombe / & afterward set with your hande the bones and knottes of the backebone as well as ye can / and on the frature lay this plaster folowynge.

THe fracture or brekynge of y^e forked bone is somtyme īwar­de and somtyme outwarde & somtyme euen / neuertheles it is broken / The fracture that standeth inwarde and euen / it is easy to be dressed downwarde / & as y^e one bone goeth [Page] inwarde / and the other outwarde / that is harde to set in agayne. And is there [...] ne [...]wed inwarde so that you lyfte y^e [...] vp on hyght / and serche [...] one bone vpon the / & so make them [...] / th [...] [...] you dresse hym with this folowynge.

[Page] IF the shoulder be broken ye shall set your seruaunt to holde the pacyent / thā shall you with your one hande take the fracture / & with the other hande holde the shulder / bone / and drawe y^e bones to gyder that they may come euen / and lay vpon the fracture the plaster the whyche I haue ler­ned you before. And about the place lay the defensiuū / ouer the plaster of. iiij. folde lynnen clothe / & lay ouer that a lytel fyne towe and than splentes made of lether & of wyl­lowe wood in the gretnes after the shulder bone / and ouer the splentes towe dept / and bynde them well / and ordre them in goyng to the drawght / & dresse them at euery. iij. dayes ones / & as y^e bones be well fasteneth salue them with dyalthea / or with a falue that I shall hereafter wryte in the chaptre of the brekynge of the rybbes. And y^e tyme of fastenynge of that shoulder bone is. xx. dayes (as Albucasis sayth)

THe hygheste pype of the arme is called Adiutoriū / it is somtyme brokē ouertwhart / somtyme a length / and [...] me nyghe by the ioynte / and that is euyll to hele. Therfore I wyll gyue you the lernynge and maner how ye shall euery fracture and brekynge handell and helpe. ¶ The fyrst ye shall haue. ij. seruauntes. y^e one shall holde the pacyent aboue the arme nexte the shoulder. and the other by the har­de and on the elbowe / and byd hym drawe it out by lytell and lytell / and holde the pa­cient so fast that he styre not his arms. After that take with bothe your handes y^e vpper moost pype nyghe by the elbowe an [...] it softely on all sydes tyll that ye here the bo­ne craks. and that ye se the howynge of the arme euen. And whan ye knowe the fracture / fyrst ye shall take the powder in the. [...] ▪ chaptre. y^t is made of walstone / wall [...] / or ambra in latyn▪ &c and the whyte of egges / bādes / splentes / pypes / nedles / & oyle of roses / and all that is nedefull. And whā you haue all your gere redy / and yf the vp­per parte of the arme be broken / set hym in a chayre. And yf it he in the legge / lay y^e pa­cyent on a playne table / and one of your seruaūtes to holde hym ouer his bely / y^e other seruaunte to holde by the shoulder / and the thyrde to holde by the arme vnder y^e elbow and byd hym holde fast tyll ye commaunde hym to pull. Then take that powder aforesayd in the. lix. chaptre, so moche tyll ye haue ynough / and mydle it w^t whyte of egges and doo therto alume as greate as a wall­notte / and styre it well to gyder lyke pappe Then take. ji. folde of lynnen clothe and let it be so brode that it may come aboue & vn­der y^e fracture a quarter brode that is togyder halfe a yarde / and after that the pacyēt be grete or lytell / and that same cloth shall be a yarde longe in y^e maner as I haue wryten of the brodnes. The clothe must be wel stryken on the one syde with the salue / and layde on a banke. And ye must haue a roll bounde of. ii. fadume longe / & a fynger bro­de / and that must be rolled vp / & be strykē a yarde longe w^t the forenamed thynges / & lay it by the other salued bande. And after that ye shal take good splentes & thynne as [Page] I haue before wrytē & they must be boūde with small cordes aboue / in the myddes / & also benethe / and as ye wyl lace a dowbled of som mannys / so shall ye lace the [...]len [...]es that the cordes maye come without on the splentes / and let the splentes lye also nexte the cloth / ye shall haue also. iij. stronge py­pes of goos legges / or of elder pypes / and [...]pype boūde with a stronge small corde an [...] stycke goth troughe the pypes / and as all this is redy / than cōmaunde y^e other seruaūt that holdeth the arme by the elbow or legge hande or foote / that he properly & styfly [...]l / and in the pullynge set the bone euen agayne and vpon the other / and take hede that y^e knee / or elbowe / hāde / or foote stande vp ryght / and you with your flat hā de ouer the fracture stryke so that ye about nor vnder fele none vneuen place / then shal ye loke yf y^e arme or lege be a strawe brede longer then the hole arme or legge is / yf not it is ryght / I haue sene a good mayster y^t / bounde a pacyent thynkynge that y^e broken legge was longer than the hole legge / & he bounde hym so / when he had layde hym in his bed the legge was wery shorte / then he asked me how that myght be / I sayd / you haue not layde y^e pacyēt euen & hye ynoughe w^t hys hyppes whiche hath dysceyued you / therfore take he de whan ye bynde them lay them longe on the borde and stretche them out / and whan he is so layde / then shal you se yf the shynnes be croked or not / and whē you haue all thynges well marked / and all youre gere is redy by you / so bydyoure ser­uauntes that they at all tymes holde fast / & beware of shakynge as it is possyble / then after that do about the bone the strykynge cloth / and lay it euen without wrymplyng after that take the rolle bande / and the last the small cordes with the pypes / & as soone as that is done / than tourne y^e vppermoost pype and threst that stycke thorowe / then tourne the other pype / & after y^e thyrde pype ye shall knowe that the myddell pype ouer y^e fracture must stronglyste be tourned / for to [...] ye y^e vtermoost pype harde / and the myddelmoost not harde for so shold y^e blood renne vnder the byndynge and make the soone [...]an impostumacyō & swellynge / therfor y^e myddelmoost pype shall fyrst be bounde. ¶ Wyll ye knowe yf it be ryght bounde aboute the fracture or not / aske the pacyent yf he haue ony payne in the bone or styckynge in the fracture / If he say than that he hath none / & thynketh he sholde theron well go / and that ye [...] the broken legge longer then the hole legge / that is a sure token that the byndynge is very good / and yf y^e shynne of y^e legge be croked lyke abowe and euen whā ye haue stryken ouer with your hande and so fullfyll the crokednes with the pluma cy­oles or with a fylte that y^e splentes may lye euen on / and y^e armes or legges shall [...] a [...] pype so as I haue lerned in the [...] chapytre / and take hede that the arme [...] that he may not loke in his hande / & y^e legge that he may se the innerparte of the [...] ▪ Take hede therfore in the byndynge / for I haue sene therof moche harme But the olde maysters as [...] [...] [...] francus sayth. If ony arme be broken that shall ye knowe thus. Lay your one hande on the fracture & your other hande vnder y^e fracture / & your seruaunt shall holde the pacyent by the arme and by the elbowe / & thā shall ye the arme properly meue as I haue sayd before. And than yt may knowe why ther it be broken or not / and yf it be broken lay theron shortely this plaster folowyng.

IN the nether [...] of the arme is. ij. pypes [...] it happeneth y^e one is broken / and somtyme to the / and somtyme it is bowed in the flesshe without brokynge [...] pla [...] sayth) y^e fracture of the vnderpype is wors then y^t [...] pype (As auicenna sayth / and Alb [...] also) & yf they be bothe brokē it is y^e wors y^t which ye may knowe by the felynge. yf y^e bones be broken then it cracked / & is it onely bowed then it cracked not. ¶ And yf bothe y^e pypes be broken / so must you haue; ij. serpentes y^t one shall holde the pacyēt by y^e elbowe and [Page] the other by the hande and let the forehande strange downwarde to the groūde / and as it shal be drestyd it shal not lyuing towne. but do as I haue shewed before. Or ye begyn ye must haue all your gere redy that is ne­defull as I haue aforesayde. And as all is redy / take the pacyent before you / and commaūnde your [...] to [...] hym as is aforesayd / and set the bone with your hand softely togyder in y^e best maner that ye can / and do not the patient to moche payne in the settynge in of the bones / bycause y^e through suche payne al the moystnes dy [...]ēdeth in to the arme / and so myght therof come moche harme / wherby he shold be in peryll of deth And whan ye haue set the arme togyder after your best maner / take a lōge brode bāde depte in oyle of roses and threst out agayne and bynde y^e arme therwith / and defende y^e arme from moystnes and impostumacyon / and take away the grete payne. and after y^t dresse hym as I haue aforesayd. ¶ The yon­ge parsone that can not take hede to hym self dresse hym with that powder and the whyt of egges as I haue aforesayde ¶ If the one pype is hole and the other is brokē / worke therin as they were bothe brokē so as I haue aforesayd / then alone ye nede not to haue so many splentes. And when ye haue them wel drest let them take hede of blood lettynge / and to the draught goynge. And after y^t the arme shall be salued with the defenssuū that ye be sure of the sw [...]rynge and of y^e im­postumacyon / and bringe the arme in a to­well aboute his necke and make a borde & lay theron a co [...]yn taht the arme may thee on rest. ¶ If there be a wounde with y^e fracture [...]ake hede that y^e bone fyt agayn And yf there be any bones departed take it soone out / and then [...] your splētes therafter / and bynde it wel / so that ye may se y^e woūde / and yf it be nede sowe y^e wounde / and let the one ende be open wherthrough it may be clensed. And lay on the seme y^e forsayd powder / and the foresayd mundificatiuum plaster that I in the chaptre before haue lerned / and do therabout the defensiuū / and hele it as you hele another wounde / as I haue lerned in the nexte chaptre. And so let rule them of mete and drynke / & goynge to the draught / as is aforesayd.

IN the hande there is. iiij. bones. In euery fynger iij. bones. & for theyr final nes and strength they a seldom broken. And yf it happen y^t they breke / take hede that ye set them togyder after the best maner y^t you can. Albucasis sayth that ye shall stretche the hede vpon the table / and threst it in agayn / and ye shall lay thervpon the plas­ter aforesayd in y^e. lxv. chaptre. and in this brekinge is no nede to lay theron clothes w^t oyle of roses / but alonely the plasters or the powder of walstone / as I haue sayd in the. lix. chapytre mydled with the whyte of an egge / lay the plaster on bothe sydes of y^e hande / and thervpō lay splentes and towe after the lengthe and brede of the hande / & afterward bynde y^e hāde wel after y^e beste maner / & on y^e hāde towe / or an euē borde y^t the. iiij syngers be togyder / and y^e palme of the hande / and the fyngers shal be fylled w^t [Page] towe or with some other thynge / & bynde y^e hande so [...] splentes may come to the half arme without and within / and when that is done salue y^e arme aboute with y^e elbowe with the defenciuum as is aforesayd / then hange the arme in a towell or a cloth about his necke / yf the fyngers be broken / make y^e splentes so longe as the fyngers and more y^t it may come in y^e myddes of the hande / and bynde with y^e plaster as I haue lerned you in the chapytre of the vppermoost pype of y^e arme / these bones shal be dressed euery. iiij. day ones / and at euery tyme shall y [...] salut it with desenciuum / and let hym holde the rule of goynge to the draught / ¶ And yf y^e fracture be with a wounde / then dresse the wounde euery day / & lay there vpon a cloth depte in oyle of roses and lay therin y^e pow­der of mumie / dragōs blod lyke as I haue lerned in y^e. lxv. chapytre / and lay therouer the same plaster in the chapytre aforesayd / and I was wonte to take elder pypes / and lay the fynger therin / and it is very good y^t ye bynde the hole fynger with y^e woūde fyn­gers / and so getteth the wounded fyngers quyckenes with the hole fynger.

THe brest is set togyder of. vij. bones and they be fastened w^t vij. rybbes / therfor take hede in what place the bone is broken / lay your hande theron & fele yf it be broken / & yf it cra­ke it is brokē / and yf not be brokē but so [...] bowed in / the [...] take hede yf he perbrake blood / for and yf he perbrake blood / it [...] euyll token that ther is som vaynes broken And yf not but is otherwyse broken / th [...] take your hande and threst vpō the [...] place that the bone come in agayn. Or [...] vpon the fracture a grete [...] or bore [...] out pryckyng [...] pulleth out the bone agayn. And that so done sayther [...] this plaster / whyche hathe the strengthe to ca [...] wed bones to come out agayn.

[...]E shall knowe that ther is xij. rybbes. vij. longe &. v. shorte / and the shorte ryb­bes breke not nyghe by the backe / y^e other. vij. rybbes breke in many places / and they be sōtime croked & bo­wed inwarde and is not brokē / & somtyme outwarde also / and somtyme y^e fracture is deedly by lōge endurynge of payne / and sō tyme it is not deedly and shortely heled / & this ye may knowe hereafter wrytten / the fyrst ye must with your hāde fele the brokē place / and yf there be ony crackynge then is it brokē / & yf there benone euyll accedence to se it is good to helpe / and as they bowe inwarde so be they euyll to helpe / And yf the rybbes be ferre sonken in / that the mēbres be sore wounded inwarde it is deedly / or el les longe sykenes / and that may be knowē by the short brethe / and by blood spyttynge coghynge with the stytche and payne in the syde / therof often cometh grete payne to the rybbes / and to helpe the foresayd rybbes is euyl to do & brynge to passe / comēly as they breke the wyll departe or be bowynge the one part inward / and the other outward / & that inwarde is euyll to brynge agayne to hys place / and some parsones sayth y^t the pacyent sholde ete suche meetes whiche sholde cause hym to swell & to fyll hym full of wynde by y^t which y^e rybbe sholde be dryuē agayne in to his ryght place / & some sayth to set on them ventoses or boxes wherby y^e rybbe sholde come outward / but it is to doubte y^t by that workynge of the bentoses or bores sholde come more harme. Therfore dy [...] deth the olde doctours in this cure. And [...] ly abbas / Albuca. Auicēna / and [...] other haue gyuen many a cure to thyse. Auicē. Albucasys / they take therto onely / wol [...] / oyle powder / and bandes. Rogerius brengeth it in agayn to his place with cleuynge pla­sters cha [...]ed agaynst the fyre / or in bathes and after that he maketh y^e rybbe fast. And Brunus maketh that it comyth outwarde euē / and he layeth theron a plaster w^t splen­tes as therto belongeth / and that part that is bowed inward he maketh moyst. Auicē. occupyed woll / oyle / to a small inbowyng but and yf it be great he pulleth it outward Milhelmus de Salice to maketh euē with his handes / and with the whyte of an egge and meele / and with thynges layde theron plaster wyse. Lancfrancus dyd as Roger but he comaunded that the pacyent shall be holpen w^t koughynge and nesynge to threft the rybbe out. Guydo doth as Brunus / as the fracture cometh outwarde / and after y^t he layeth a plaster thervpon with the whyt of an egge with meele and other congluti­natiuum / with flockes / or with towe / and splent [...] it with a pece of harde lether / & byndeth the place [...]ast with a longe bande / and at y^e last he softeneth the fracture with [...]y­althea / or with oxicrato. But yf the fracture gothe inwarde / do as Rogerius and Lā francꝭ dyd. and yf it be nedefull thā he ope­neth the fracture / or set therevpon a vento­se or a boxe. Therafter he layde vpon y^t syde on the fourthe or fyfte day the whyte of an egge / and oyle of roses with towe for to dryue away the payne and īpostumacyon / thā [Page] he boūde it with a lyght byndynge / but reasonably to holde the medecyne. Then maye ye rule the fracture w^t a plaster of been meel and hony / and the raster softe it with Dyal­thea / or with Occ [...]rato. Or lay thervpon this plaster when ye haue made it agayne euen.

THis bone is broken somtyme by strokes / & somtyme by fal­lynge / and somtyme clouen / and somtyme bowed inward This fracture is knowen by [Page] felynge with your hande in the strykynge ouer / yf ye fynde ony vneuē. ¶ If the bone cleue / lay thervpō this plaster. Beene mele dragantum / mastycke. &c. as I haue afore sayd / & lay theron plumacioles of towe or of lynen cloth and with splētes / and bynde it with a bande about the body / and than so we it as often as it goth aboute / & at euery sowynge set on a splente / and so let it lye. v. dayes / but not so longe yf it happen that the pacyent be come syke or ony euyl accedence come to hym / Je shal let hym blood bytwene the lytell synger & the golde fynger / and holde the rule of goynge to the draught so y^t he abyde thyn in his belly / and yf ye knowe by the foresayd token that the bone is brokē it is nede that y^e bone be threst downwarde and set agayne vpryght w^t y^e helpe of your seruaūtes / and that so done / lay thervpon the foresayd plaster and plumacyoles / and the splentes shall be so grete y^t the bone may be touered withall / Ouer the splentes lay other splentes / and depte towe threst out agayne / and thē lay ouer y^t your byndynge with your best maner / and salue with that defēsiuum / and let the byndynge lye tyll y^e iii. or. iiii. day be past. Je shal let him blood & prycke on his backe / & rule hym w^t mete & drynke as I haue often sayd to you before.

AS ye knowe by the felynge of y^e bone whether it be broken with a woūde / or without a wounde If it be broken without a wounde / so is it nedeful to make all your gere redy y^t therto belongeth / as I haue lerned you in the. lix. chapytre / then shall ye set the bone togyder agayne / as I haue lerned you in y^e. lxv. chapytre / in the brekynge of the armes and of y^e legges / and as the bone is well set togyder / then shall you depe y^e clothe in oyle of roses / and wynde it well about the legge or take the powder of walstone so as I haue lerned so shull you take the oyle & the plaster made of beene mele / as I haue often lerned you / with the whyte of an egge strykē on a cloth and lay ouer y^e bādes splentes small cordes & pypes / as I haue playnly lerned you in y^e lxv. chapytre of the brekynge of the armes about the elbowe / your bandes and splētes shall be so ordeyned and to close the bone / & hole it to gyder / and take hede y^t ye the bone bynde not to styffe / wherby therto may co­me no swellyng nor other harme for that is to be fered / for they be daedly tokens / nowe as all thynges is well done / so shall ye y^e pacyent cōmaunde to lye downe / and he shall not meue. Also y^e olde maysters dyscordeth howe the pacyent shall lye / Rogerius / Al bucasys / and wylhelmus / lay them in an euē place or bed / & wyndeth his legge softe­ly w^t clothes and tow [...] / and some other maysters / as mayster Peter / he hath. ii. longe splentes to the ende of y^e foote that is woūde with lynnē clothe and byndeth thervpō. iii. or. iiii. bandes / Auicenna / Brunus / and Rogerius / splenteth with. ii. longe splētes bounde to the foote / But Lancfrancus and the yonge maysters lay the legge alonge / & all the maysters menynge is that the brokē legge shall be layde euē to rest without ouy hurtynge that it shall not be moued / and the pacyent shall not moue on no syde / and also therof spreketh Rogerius to y^e worke may­ster that he shall kepe strayght the membre [Page] and saue his helth / and also of a more surety Romanus layeth y^e pacyent on a small bed / vnder the whiche bed is an hole thrugh the whiche he may do his water / and easement without lyftynge of hym selfe / and he must be bounde to. iii. or. iiii. places of y^e bedstede and y^e hole foote must be bounde to the stock that y^e pacyent may not drawe it vp to hym and Guy do byndeth hym with longe splen­tes / and layeth on hym awayght & byndeth to his foote a plomet of leade / and as al this is ordeyned and done / so shall he holde and rule as I haue sayd in y^e. lix. chapytre with blod lettynge / draught goynge / and with eatynge and drynkyng / ye shall dresse hym dylygently. iiii. v. or. vi. dayes togyder / w^t out he be very syke / and at euery dressynge / ye shall loke well on the legge how it is dys [...]osed / and yf it be not set vpryght / take hed & gyue hym his ryght forme / therfore take ye hede in y^e fyrst begynynge / for yf it shol­de stonde longe / it ware harde to make it vp ryght / is ther one wounde grete / then se yf ther be ony bone deꝑted that take awaye / and sow the wounde / and on y^e seme strawe that powder that belonght therto / as in the xiii chaptre is sayd / and as ye the membre hathe set vp ryght well togyder / than take wode splentes after the degre of the woūde & that the splentes towche not the woūde / whan ye bynde the legge / and also that ye may euery day se to the wounde / and on the woūde lay the aforsayd powder y^t be layde vpon the seme and vpon that powder lay y^e mundificatiuum plaster.

WHan the knee shyue is broken / then set it agayne [...]p ryght with your hande in the best maner as it can be than lay thervp y^e plaster made of Barly meele / or Beene meele / and Dragons bloode &c. [...] ye shall not lay ther on the clothe dept in rose oyle / and as the plaster is layed theron / than stryke ther about the Defensiuū / and therafter lay vpon it Plumacioles of tow / and therafter splentes / and the rouer bynde it well with y^e bande and sow the bande w^t whyt threed / and let hym bloode on y^e han­de / betwene the lytell fynger and the goldē fynger / & rule hym in goynge to draught / and w^t meete and drynke / as is a forsayd.

¶ An instrument to make a croked knee ryght.

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IN the shynne be. ii. bones somtyme they be brokē bothe / somtyme brekyth the greate pype / somtyme the lytell pype. As the greate pype is broken / then is y^e fracture behynde. If the small pype is broken / thā the fracture is before on the shynne / but the grete is more peryllous thā the small. And as they bothe be broken that is moost peryl Then it is needly to haue al your gere redy by you that therto belongeth or serueth.

Than must ye haue. ii. seruauntes / the one to holde the knee / and the other the fete. & cō maunde to pull in al maner / and to be redy as I haue lerned you in the. ixv chaptre. of the brekynge of the armes. felynge w^t your hande yf it stande vpryght / and loke yf the broken legge is a lytel lenger than the hole legge. In lyke wyse loke yf the hole legge is croked or not. And bynde it than will, a clothe depte in oyle of roses / or with y^e powder of waltstone / with y^e baundes and splē tes. And the splentes must be longer in the brekynge of the legge than in the brekynge of the arme. and with the small cordes / & pypes. Je shall aske the pacyent as it stan­dyth in the same chaptre / y^t ye may knowe yf it be ryght bounde or not. And take he de that ye bynde hym not to styfe / wherby the pacyent myght come in grete harme / payne and fere. And sholde hym brynge in paralisys / and the pacyent myght also by the har­de byndyng lyse that membre. And defende the place with the defensyuum. and bewa­re you of the harde byndynge. And let hym blood on the hande / and holde hym in y^e rule in his drawght goynge. And ye shall dresse hym in. iij. or. iiii. dayes onys. ¶ If that legge be broken with a wounde / than loke yf ther ony bones be beparted / they shall be taken out. And fere you not yf y^e mary goth therout. Sowe the wounde / & than make vpryggt the bone agayne / & sett it to gyder and make splentes / but doo so that ye maye se to the woūde at euery daye. To these brekynge of the legge be sondry maners of splē tes. Je shal make a hole forme after y^e gretenes and length of the legge / ther as the ieg­ge shall be layde in with y^e byndynge This woūde is sore deedly / but fere not so moche the fracture as the wounde. It is nedeful to defende the wounde from the impostumcyō with the defensyuum / and mundificatiuū / that no grete moystnes nor swerynge come therto / for the pacyent myght therof dye.

Therfore it is nedely to loke therto at eue­ry daye onys / and thā yf irnedyth the bone shall be ryghtyd without payne. And vpon the seme strawe the powder of the sowynge Than hele the wounde / lyke the woūde w^t the brekynge of the arme / or in the shulder & rule the pacyent in etynge and drynkynge as I haue often aforesayde.

[Page] SEldom is broken the bone of the calfe / for it is an harde bone / and is defendyd with the strynges & synewes (as Guy do sayth) but Wylhelmꝭ sayd If it happeneth that the bone of the calfe be broken / that shalbe kowen with felynge. And that bone breketh somtyme with stro­kes / somtyme w^t fallynge / than helpe hym thus.

AS raseta that is the bone of y^e fote is brokē it is harde to hele lyke Auicēna wry­thet / and therto co­met oftētymes yl accedēs. y^e breking (as albucasis sayd) shal be holpen thus / set the foote of the pacyent on the groūde / and lay y^e bone ryght as it best may be done / thā splente hym with a brode splent after y^e sole of the foote / and lay on the fracture the fore­sayd plaster made of that powder medled w^t the whyte of an egge / ouer the plaster lay splentes with towe / dept in the whyte of an egge / than shall ye set the foote on a soole of woode / and about the foote stryke that defē siuum / than bynde the foote & pull therouer a sho of fy [...]t / & let hym blood / Is the woūde with a fracture thā bynde hym euery daye onys or dresse hym / and lay on the wounde this plaster.

THe bowynge of y^e bonys happeneth somtime with fallyng & somtime with strokes. or w^t cuttynge without brekynge as the bowynge on the cheke than cirest it outwarde with your hande & fyngers / as I haue lernyd in the chaptre of [Page] the brekynge of the rybbes. in y^e. lxix. chap. and the other hande shalbe salued with turpentyn / or pytche / and lay it without on y^e cheke bone. and with the other hand [...] [...]rest it softely from within outwarde / and take awaye with hast your salued hande fro his cheke. In lyke wyse do in the bowynge of y^e rybbes. but in the bones of the shyne or ar­me must ye haue a good byndynge / & stron­ge splentes / that w^t the thressyng of the byndyng may be ryghteth the bone agayn. and the bone in the arme or legge shall be stret­chyth out by lytell and lytell. but that mē ­bre shall fyrst be batheth in water therin is sodden Camomyll / Pappyll / hye malowe Fenygreke / Lynseed. And than salue it w^t oyle of Lylyes / or Capons grese / or Duc­kys grese. And it is often proued / and it helpeth moche / as vpon the bowynge be layde a pece of an Olyphantes tethe / for y^e yuore bone pullyth to hym the bowyd bone / and therwith the bone getteth his ryght forme.

AUicenna sayth / the dyssocacie or dys­membryng is an outgoyng of y^e bone out his ryghte place ther it was set in before. And the settinge of the bone is in. iiij. maners. that also Lanfranc. Wilhelmꝭ / and other maysters sayth. The one is after the maner of a saw w^t the tethes set in to gyder and so closynge / as be the. vi. bones of the braynpan. The other. as y^e one bone in the other standed and is there in set / as the tethes in the cheeke. The. iij. is one hangynge or lenynge bone on another bone as the. vii. bones of the brest. The. iiij. maner. the one bone is ioyned with another / & bounde to gyder with the synewes / where through the meuynge of the body cometh. This gaderyng of y^e bones is called a ioyn­te or mēbre. In this laste maner is done y^e very dyslocacye / but in the other it is not be done / but ther happenyth a dysmembrynge ¶ This dysmēbringe is in iiij. maners. forward / behyndeward / inward / & outward Also is som symple / som with a fracture / & payne and impostumacyon / and som with hardnes. After this dyuersyte be dyuers cures. And the dysmembryng happeneth somtyme without / as with fallynge / smytyng or w^t vnreasonable pullynge. Som dysmebrynge is inward [...] / as the [...]ymy humours in the ioynte be holden. The token of the dismembrynge of the ioyntes is knowen by y^e hyghnes / or holnes on the other parte. The dysmembrynge with a wounde / payne / or impostumacyon is heuy and peryllous / so y^e mēbre bydeth somtyme croked without tournynge agayn in his ryghte forme (as Galienꝭ wrythet in quarto Therapentice) ¶ The olde and harde dismembring is for [...] heuy and shantely to helpe / and ye must t [...] membre set in agayn with good maner / [...] with the lest payne as hastely as it may be done Som dysmembringe is lyghtely to set in agayn / as the ioynt of the handes. Som dysmembrynge is heuy to set in agayne / as the elbow / the fote / and the fyngers.

Som is betwene bothe / as the shulder and hyppes. ¶ The incomynge of the membre is knowen by herynge of the crakynge in y^e [Page] incomynge of the bones and as ye se that it is come in his ryght place in the other bone ¶ The comen cure of all dysmembrynge in the ioyntes is in. iiij. maners. besyde the lerninge that I haue geuen you in the chaptre of the comen brekynge in the bonys. The fyrst maner / is the settyng in agayn y^e ioynte. The [...]de is fast makynge of the mem­bre that ther is setin agayn. The. iii. is de­fendynge of the payne and impostumacyon. The. iiij. is mendynge of the yll accydētes. ¶ The fyrst is done in. iij. maners. The fyrst. that ye haue all thynge redy by you y^t is nedefull to you as I haue lerned you in y^e lix. chaptre. of all fractures in the bouys in comen or ye begyn y^e membre to setin agayn The other / that ye y^e membre not bathe nor wasshe in warme water (as Auicen. sayth) that no impostumacyō come therto / nor let tynge to setin the membre agayn. Lancfrā cus and Wylhelmus de saliceto sayth / that som the dysmembryng as it is fresshe / than they lay that membre in warme water a lō ge tyme / and than they setin y^e mēbre agayn and this shall ye not do. but is the dysmem­brynge som dayes past / than may ye bathe the ioynt in warme water therin is sodden Papple / Camomylle / Hye malowe / feny­greke / and than shall it be setin agayne.

The. ii. maner is done in. ii. maners. The fyrst. as the settynge in of the ioynte is smal and lyght / than is Inough to lay theron a clothe depte in oyle of roses / and ther with salued the ioynte / and ouer the clothe tow dept in whyte of egges. than bynde it with a bande that therto belongeth. The other. is y^e membre grete and stronge / and the set tynge in is heuy / and ye fere the goynge out of the ioynt agayn / than ye must you proui­de better / therfore anoynte the ioynte / and lay thervpon this plaster folowynge.

OF this dismembryng of the Jawbone is in. ii. maners. The one / as it gothe forwarde out of the ioynt / than bydeth the mouth open. The other. as it is behynde / than cometh the vpper most tethe ouer the vndermost / & thā ye can not open the mouth. The tokēs of this dislocacie without the comon tokens is / that the tethes come not lyke on the other. And yf it not hastely is setin agayne / it wyll be hard and brengeth axcys / payne / and yll acci [...]t and dothe the parsone dye within. x. dayes. (as Auicē. and Haly abbas sayth) As the dislocacie happeneth behyndewarde / thā it shal thus be setin agayn. The seruaūt must holde the heed of the pacient / than put your thombe in his mouth well behynde / & your other fingers vnder the cheke / and threst [...] your thombe downewarde / strongely pullynge to you / & lyfte vp with your fyngers that it may comē in / therafter salue it with dyaithea. Is the dislocacie before / than la­yeth Wylthelm? and Lanfrancus a stronge bande vnder the chyne whiche maye kepe y^e hole chyne / and a smal stycke as deep in his mouth as it may be done / than they pulleth the endes of the bande styfly vpwarde / and holde the knee on the pacyent. And the pacient must lye hyghe with the shulders (as Jamericꝭ sayth) & so shall it be brought in by the grace of god. Than lay theron thys plaster folowynge.

[Page] SOmtyme is the dysmēbrynge of y^e rydgbone outward / somtyme inwarde / somtyme be­syde / and somtyme in y^e vtter­most spōdyles of y^e rydgbone and it maketh Squinansie / that is with a bult before / somtymes is the dysmēbrynge in the vndermoost parte / or spondyles / somtymes in that myddyl / than maketh a bult on y^e bake / the token of y^e dysmēbrynge shall be knowen by the syght / and by the felynge It is sayd that all this dysmēbrynge of the spondyles / or backbone / is sore peryllous and yll to set in agayn for the synewes / and the back mary / or nucha / and moost as the dyslocacie is inward / for it maye not be hā deleth / the dyslocacie of y^e vppermoost spō ­dyles that dothe harme to swellowe in the meete & drynke / the myddellest doth harme to the brethe / the vndermoost dothe harme to the draught goynge / & all tymes y^e dyslo­cacie is dredefull in what place she is / the fyrst spōdyles of the necke is sore bounde w^t synewes / on the bones of y^e heede / and therfore it is grete peryl / and bytwene the last bone of the necke / y^t is the. vii. & the. viij. spō dyles / & it is the fyrst ther the rybbes haue his begynnynge / by twene them it is grete peryll for y^e meuyng of the necke / and therfore in the same. ii. places of the spondyles or backe bone thercometh sonner y^e dysloca­cye than in any other / and his dyslocacye is sore peryll. ¶ The dyslocacye that is in the vppermoost spondyles that is cuttyng of y^e necke / that causeth y^e dethe hastely of a man for cause that y^e inthrestynge bone stoppeth the wynde / and taketh awaye his lyfe / as this dyslocacye is betwene y^e. vij. and. viij spondyles / than is the way stoppeth of the meet and drynk / and the way of the ayre is thouched / and as the dyslocacye is vnder y^e viij. spondyle / than leseth the nether moost membres his meuynge / for the stoppynge / and hurtynge of the synnewes and nucha / wherof cometh all tyme the meuynge and felynge / Therfore it is nedefull shortely it tobe setin agayne / and as the bone in y^e neck is out of the ioynt / than hangeth the heede forward / or behyndeward / and the pacyēt cannot speke / and them shal you helpe thus Je shal haue a seruaunt to holde thē pacyēt with one hande vnder the chyne / & the other hande on the heede / and let hym holde fast / than set your hand on y^e pacyent on his neck and cōmaunde the seruaūt that he the heede holde vp warde / & ye shall with your hand threst downward vnto y^e tyme tyll ye haue set in agayne the bones of the pacyent / is y^e fyrst spōdyle out the ioynte / & is it not short­ly set in agayne thā shal he dye / And in this maner folowyng shal it be set in agayn (as Albuca. Haly abbas / Auicenna / & Lanc­frankcus sayth) that heed shall wyse pulleth with y^e handes / and with one [...] bynde / & lay hym a smal styke in the mouth and threst hym vpward by the chyne / or w^t the here / vp by the eerys / & the shulder shal be threst downward with the feete / and he shall be pulleth in bothe places with good prouisiō / with cordes or other instrumetes whan the. vii. back bone or spendyle is out y^e ioynt of y^e. viij. spōdile thā tarry not long of y^e insettynge / and gothe y^e dyslocacye in­ward / than kylleth the parsone shortely / & he is seldom holpen / neuertheles begyne the cure / and threst hym the shulder down. ward / and pull the necke as is a fore sayd / Is y^e dyslocacie outward / that seldom happeth / that may be holpē with y^e hande strongely to threst downward as ye best can / & with stretchynge of the necke / and with neder threstynge the shulder downewarde.

[Page] ¶ Is the dismembrynge benethe the. viij. spondyle and y [...] it gothe sore inwarde than it is deedly / and it shall neuer be hol [...]ē / & is it not hole [...]ward / but that it alonely threst the [...]ucha / than the nethermost membres lyseth his meuynge. ¶ As the dislocacie is inward / than ther byded at euery tyme a bulte how wel it be cureth / neuertheles theris a cure of the spondyles / wherof groweth a cro [...]ed back / and that shalbe threstin with youchāde in y^e best maner as it can be done or with a borde that therto is made. Whā ye haue ho [...]pē them / than bynde there vpon this pla [...]ter here after folowynge.

[...]S the rybbes be out the ioynt / than ryghte it & set it in with the hande & lay ther ouer y^e aforesayd plaster dep [...]e in [...] whyte of eg. & wrynge it out agayn / but it shal fyrst be dept in water & wrynge it out. therouer bynde. ii. splentes not to last / So bynde hym. ix. dayes lōge. & all tymes lay theron the defensiuū. and rule hym [...] meet and drynke as is aforsayd. ¶ If in this place comany oneuen knoddes / thā salue hym euery daye [...] the salue made of Oyle. xii. oūc. Waxe / Fenigrekemeele of ech [...]. ii. oū. Rosyll. vi. oū. Butter. iiij. oū. Frākensens Bdellij / of eche an oūe. Duckes grese / K [...] pons grese / of eche an oūc. mydle this togyder on the fyre & salue the place therwith And ye shal knowe that this Salue takyth away y^e knoddys of the membres / and maketh euen / and set the bo [...]ys ryght.

THis bone cometh not hole out y^e ioynt / but that bone de [...]a [...] teth somwhat out his place [...] than shall ye helpe y^e bone [...] your hande & ther ouer y^e a [...]orsayde plaster / And lay ther ou [...] small [...] shyns of fyue to we / and therafter splentes & euery daye the desen [...] hym blood & goynge to the drawght and rule hym u [...] mete and drynke as is aforsayd. ¶ Is there a woūde sowe them / & lay theron this powder of Mastick Dragōs blood / Gomi arabici / Dragantū / of eche. ii. oū [...]. Therafter clense the wounde [...] this plaster. ix. dayes longe. Take [...]ose hony. xii. oūc. [...] meel / or barly meel / or mylst [...] meele. iii [...]. oūc. frākensence / aloes / of eche an oūc. & as the woūde is clensyd / thā hele it [...] the [...]am [...] [Page] powder. or with the gren [...] woūded plaster. or [...] bothe. And his mete & drynke shall be as I haue sayd oftentymes before.

AUicēna set alone. ii. maners in this dismēbrynge. Albucasis and other maysters sayth that ther be more in the shuld (er) / for it gothe out y^e [...]oxce of y^e shulder in. iij. maners. The fyrst / that the heed of [...]habone of the vppermoost arme separ­teth downeward. The other cometh fore­warde to the fyrst parte. The. iij. in y^e myd­des vpward / but backewarde can it not come out the shulder bone. ¶ The fyrste dys­mēbrynge is be know [...] by y^e syght & [...]elynge as th [...]r is feled y^e heed of the arme pype vnd the hole of the arme / and vpō the shulder is seene an holnes. The other dysmēbrynge is knowē by the [...]inge of the heed of the arm [...]ype before & [...] se an holnes Th [...]hyrde is in the myddes vpwart / & is to kn [...]wē / as the pacient cannot retche out his ellebow from his body & vnd y^e arme ye se an [...]olnes / and on the shu [...] an hyghnes.

¶ The maner for to sette it in agayn is this Is i [...]chylde [...] a [...]ge parson [...] & that shulderbone is out of the toynte / than take it [...] your [...]este han [...] and make a fyste with your ryght hande / & set it so v [...] the holl of the arme vpō y^e [...] than lyfte [...] de with your fyste lyke yf it hange on any thynge / than cometh the bone in his ryghte place: ¶ The other maner is / as y^e pacient is olde & grete / and [...] hym not lyste vp / than cōmaunde [...]to lye on his backe / & then shall ye [...] roūd bowle of tre / & wynde it aboute [...] clothes & lay it vnder the holl of his a [...]me on the out comynge bone / than shall ye treed [...] your heel on the roūd bowle stefly downward / and take the pacient [...] the hande and p [...]llestefly downeward / than cometh the arme agayne in his ryghteplace. ¶ The. iij. maner is. the pacient shalbe pulleth [...] the ar­me ouer a staffe / in y^e myddes of the staffe a bowle woūdē about [...] clothes / & bothe the endes of the staf shalbe made fast hyer thā y^e length of a man. And the paciēt shall stāde vpon a stole / than shall ye pull y^e arme ouer the staf / thā shall ye also pusshe y^e stole f [...]om vnder his sote / so shall the bone be [...] by y^e grace of god. ¶ The. iiij. maner is wa [...]ad der / in the same maner as you haue done [...] y^e staf (as Haly abbas / A louca [...] [...]. & Brun [...] sayth) But Roger [...] please better that Guydo sayth [...] the fote / with y^e [...] & with [...]he staf / & not with the ladder. ¶ The syfte [...]aner is with the instrument as [...] deth in picture / and in all maner as [...] by the same pycture. And the dismembr [...] be setin also with retchynge and pullynge and with threstynge in with the hāde or [...] a clothe (as Lank [...] sayth) And wyll it notbe setin agayne / for cause that it hathe the longe ben out of the ioynte / & is bec [...] harde / than shall ye wasshe it with warme water / as is asoresayd / and make it softe & brenge it in agayne. And as it is done than pleaseth me Rogeri [...] / y^e whyche in the fyrst iij. dayes dresseth the paciēt with a [...] [...] clothe and towe depte in whyt or egges Therafter with y^e plaster of mylstufm [...]ele dragons blode. &c. as I haue sayd before. And ye shall lay vnder the arme of the pacient a bowle with clothes / or made of towe and byndehym well fast with a bande that is. v. fyngers brode / & as lōge as it nedyth.

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THis dislocatiō of y^e elbow as (Auicenna sayth) is somtymes grete / & somtymes small / Al­buca. & other maysters sayth y^t it gothe somtymes forward out the ioynt / and somtyme be hynde / The token of this dysmembrynge is heuynes in y^e meuynge / that it is not possy­ble the pacyent to brynge the hand to y^e shulder / The elbow cometh heuely out y^e ioynt & is heuely to set in agayne / for thesene wes & daynes. Of the settynge in and cure sayth Auicenna that it is i [...]. ii. maners / the fyrst with the ony hand holde the shulder / with y^e other hand to dryue in it agayn that is out / w^t styff detynge behynde on the elbowe / w^t a salued hand with oyle / tyll it cometh in a­gayne / Rogerius sayth the maner of byn dynge / Lanca [...]r̄cancus set the cure therof w^t stretchynge & with vphanggynge / or with berynge or weyght / yf the dyslocaciō gothe forwarde or behynde warde / but Guydo set it in w^t the knee as dyslocacie is forward. is dyslocaciō it afterwarde or behynde so set he it in the hande (as Auicenna wryteth) & the maner of the insettynge with the knee or heele that shalbe done in it that is forwarde Je shall take a brode longhande about his arme / y^t the. ii. ende goo behynde & let your seruaunt hold bothe y^e endes in euery hande one / and the pacyent shalbe bounde on his foote / and shalbe holdē / and commaunde the pacyent to stretche out his arme / thā cō maunde the seruaūt with the hande to pull backwarde / than shall the mayster hastely the arme sett foremarde to senn the shulder agayn. Thā threst in w^t the knee that there stande outwarde / brenge the arme to the shulder. As it is out behynde / thā is good y^e arme to be bowed / & ouertwart by a lytell lyft vp the arme / & turne it somwhat (as Ja mericꝭ sayth) In y^e fastmakinge of this cur [...] folowe all thynges as I haue lerned in the aforesayde chaptre / but the arme shalbe be­rynge about the necke / & by lytell and lytyl shall he be bounde hygher / tyll the hande come to the shulder / and euery. iiii. daye shal it be dresseth onys. And at euery tyme shall be bowen the membre. And it is woūte to be heled in. xv. dayes.

THe bone of y^e hande goth lightly out of the ioynt / & is lightly to setin agayn / as it be [...] quykly. And as it bydeth [...] tyme out of the ioynte / than com therto somtyme an ipostumacion / and than it is w^t grete payne & heuynes to set it in agayne. And this dismēbrynge is moost before or behynde. & the cure therof shalbe done w^t stretching / pullynge / and meuyng & with downeward thressynge. But I take the lyft hande of the paciēt in my hande stetly by the knot / & take his myddell fynger in my ryght hande. stretchynge and pullynge the same fynger / & in the pullynge threst I on the outcomyng theragaynst / w^t the fyn­ger vnder / or w^t the thombe aboue / & so it wyll lyghtely be setin. ¶ In the fast makinge is none other cure thā I haue lerned you And Jamericꝭ heled this in. xii. dayes. Is ther a woūde / than bynde hym y^t the woūde maye besene en euery daye.

THe dismembrynge of the fyn­gers that cometh lyghtly and is lyghtly set in / yf he be bru­syd than helpe hym thus stret­che y^e fynger as I haue lerned in the nexte chapytre / & lay theron this pla­ster folowynge.

A [...]icē. sayth as this dysmembrynge of y^e hyppes is inward & forwarde / than the legge is longer than otherwyse / and the pacyent steppeth vp the hole fete / and he maye not bowe for­ward / that heed of y^e thyghe is gone inward in the lyske / and in y^e vterpt is holownes In y^e dysmēbryng afterward and outward causeth the legge be y^e short / and the pacient may not set his heele on the ground / The cure therof lerneth Al­bucasis / and is sore ꝓfytable to all maners and ye shal the syke fast holde by y^e shulders or he shall be bounde ouer the shulders on y^e thyghe / with a band on a wyndas / and the other band a bowe y^e knee on the same wyn­das / than pull the membre out with the wynde / & w^t the hāde ryghte it tyll it be set in / The fyrst dysmembrynge wyche is in­warde & before shal the pacyent be puleth / & with the foote or knee dryue it in agayne As the dysmembryng is outwarde and be­hynde / so shal y^e pacyent in lyke wyse be pul that the heyth with y^e kne be threst inward and the holnes maye come out / and for this dysmembrynge lyghtly to set in agayne / so must ye haue a table longer than the pacyēt and make on euery end a wynde / and in the myddes vnder the backe and on y^e belly shal the pacyent be bounde on the wynde with a longe towell / and w^t an other shal be boūd on the knee / and wynde about y^e hoole pype with the towell vnto the foote / and shalbe bounde so on the other wynde and than shal ye wynde with bothe the wyndas to gyder and set that bone of the pacyent in agayne / and than the byndynge of this shall be lyke as it stande afore in that chapytre of dysmē brynge from the vppermost arme of the ad­iutorium / but it shall be bounde faster.

AS these dysmembrynge is done / than shall ye cōmaūde the pacy [...] to stande vp on bothe his feetes / & holde hym his place / and therafter bynde it with a plaster of sycer meele of beene meele [Page] lyke as I haue lerned you / and dresse hym all. iiij. dayes onys / Is ther a woūde so do as I haue before lerned you / w^t byndyng / with defensiuum / with blood lettyng / and with meet and drynke &c.

AL so ye shall knowe that y^e knees cometh lyghtly out the mē ­bre / and is lyghtly to set in agayne / It goothe often tymes agayne in / so sone as y^e pacyent stept on y^e feet / If it goo not so in agayn / thā shall the surgean haue one seruant / wiche shall pull the legge / in y^e tyme that he pulleth shal ye set in agayne the kne Thā lay therouer a clothe dept in rose oyle / and on that clothe lay the plaster of Beene meel / and Dragons blood / as I haue sayd often tymes before / Ther ouer shal ye bynd with one longe bande / and thyn plumacio­les of towe dept in the whyte of egges / lyke standeth in the. lix: chapytre / and ther ouer bynde / as is a [...]rsayd / Is ther a woūde it shall be bounde that it maye be seene euery daye / Also may ye the dyslocacyon and dys­membryng of the knee and anclowe lyght­ly set in agayne with a wynde / lyke the pycture heere after folowynge sheweth.

Heere after folo­weht an instrument in pyc­ture for the knee or anclo we lyghtly to set i [...] agayne that is out of the ioynt

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THe dysmenbryng of the feet is sodenly done / & shortely setin agayne / and it is heuely to make fast / for the many bonys y^t the ioynt makyth / The token therof is the hyghnes of the but comynge bone and the payne and lesynge of the meuynge / & ryght this bonys & set it in as euen lyke as ye can / ye may not that membre to moche stretche / of suche stronge stretchyng shuld come so moche payne / that therof shuld come an impostumacion / therfore ye shall the feet softly stretche her and there turnynge / and w^t the other hand shall ye y^e heyghnes threstin agayne / tyll it may come in his ryght place / and as it is made euen / than wynde roundabout the foote a clothe & that well dept in warme rose oyle / that strengthe the vaynes and takyth away the payne. Ouer the clothe lay the plaster of beene meell and dragōs blode / as is wryten in the chaptre of the insettynge of y^e leg. than salue the leg with that [...]stuum as ther comyth no impostumaciō to / and ouer the plaster shall ye lay plumacyoles of tow [...]nd ther ouer splynttes / & the rafter shal ye bynde the feet well / and lay the fote hye / so that the leg may the better defende from the impostumaciō / ye shall dres hym. iiij. or. v dayes but ones / ye shall holde y^e foote. xxx. or. xl. dayes longe in rest.

SEt this membre in agayn in his rygt place / than lay there ouer y^e plaster / of cycer meele or rye meel. xij. oūc. dragons blode / mastick / dragantum g [...]n [...] ara [...] / of eche. ii. oūc. boly armeni / mumie / of eche an osic. this mydle to gyder w^t the whyte of egges. thā bynde hym but not to fast. And salue the fote w^t defensiuū / And salue hym at last w^t dyalthea / & there ouer one oxierociū. ¶ Itē is ther a shulder. hyppe / legge / knee / or fote out of the ioynt & is become harde / for the longe beyng out of the ioynt. And wyll you it letin agayne thā take lynseed / & dowys downgh / & ma­ke it clene [...]rom straw / chyppe / & [...] / & see the it well w^t gotys me [...]ke in a pott / and stryke it on a cloth / & lay it on the membre / and it shalbe so [...]te in. iiij. houres. than set wysely the mēbre agayn in his place with [...]y of the instrumētes that best serueth to [...] membre as it standeth in picture. of [...] ked legge after the xix. chaptre. of y^e [...] arme after the. xviij. chaptre. of the [...]oked knee after. lxxij. chaptre. and wyll the ioynt or membre abyde to soft / than make a clote wet in rynnynge water and wrapit about the ioynt or membre / & it wyll make it [...]ast agayn.

IT happeneth somtyme that after y^e helynge of a woūded ioynt or membre that it abydeth croked / styff / or hard / than shall ye the membre or ioynt [Page] bathe saftmakyng with olde oyle / and with water y^t is meetely warme lyke melke war me that is fyrst molkeu / and bathe the membre with a grete sponge / and therafter shall ye bathe that membre with papple and hye mallowe rootes. v. or. vi. dayes / therafter take any of y^e a fore set conterfayte instrumē tes / as the instrument of a croked arme stā ­dynge after the. xviij. chap. or the instrumēt of the croked legge after the. xix. chap. stan­dynge. or the instrumēt of the croked knee stādynge after y^e. lxxij. chaptre. of this istrumentes take y^t you serueth best for y^e mēbre. And stretche therwith euery daye a lytell Therafter salue it with the salue folowing after this after wryten bathynge / and this bathynge make thus / Ye shal seethe y^e heed & feetes of a gylded wedder / ther w^t bathe the membre And yf it not ther w^t amēde thā wette a clothe in the same sop & lay it about y^e mēbre & bathe it ther w^t / Or take a grete sponge wette in the same sop & laye it war­me ther on. And so oftē as ye the membre bathe / or lay theron the clothe / or y^e sponge / so often make a fyre of saw duystmeel therby let drye y^e arme or legge. & as the mēbre is dryed / than salue it by the fyre of the sawe meell w^t this salue of hogges grese / graye grese / of eche. viij. on̄c. kapōs grese / y^e ma­ry of a calf / fresshe butter / oliū nucis iuda ice / oliū sysamini / oyle of swete almons / [...]i me of hye malowes / slyme of lynseed / slyme of fenygreke. iiij. oūces. storacis calamite / bdellij gumi / ysopi humide / of eche anoūc. the grese melte / & it maye not touche salt / & as it is melted than do therin the oyles and the slymes / and make therof a salue.

WIth a wollen clothe and w^t water of the styngynge nettylles shal ye fyrst [...] be y^e membre or ioynte. [...]. or. iiij. dayes / & euery day ii. or. iij. tymes. The seconde ye shall sette ventoses or boxes about the sore / and take them of agayne / y^t shall ye do. iii. or. iiij. dayes longe without pryckynge. The. iij. yf he haue in the ioynte great payne / than shall ye make hym this water. Take the lyuer / y^e hart / and the longues of a blacke calffe ther w^t chap sage. ii handful / and mengle it with y^e same c [...]es blood that it may be moysty therwith / & do it in a still a torie which is called alembicū and dystylle water therout / therwith was [Page] she y^e mēbre euery daye. iij. or. iiij. tymes & y^t shal helpe hym. ¶ The. iiij. whā ye haue done this afore sayd / than set hym in a bathe stewe & [...]et on hym the ventose or boxe / and garsse hym / but set the ventose no more vpō and anoynt y^e garssynge & all the membre with this salue folowynge.

IN the begynnynge as one hath fallen / or is dredyng that the blode is engelyd and clouted to gyder / thā let hym shortely blode on the nexte place of the hurting / thā make this powd

THe parsone that is beten or fallen / & hathe therof a stoppyng in the brest of the moystnes after folowynge / whyche gothe forth to the inwarde payne

¶ As suche paciēt is let blode / & the blode is stopped and dryuen out / then shall ye gyue hym this recepte folowynge.

HEre shall ye lerne to defende & to make last the place y^t is hurte / that ther come [Page] no ipostume / nor swellyng / nor other euyll accident. ¶ The fyrst. as one is fallen from an hyghe place / or sore beten / y^t he hath lost his spece / or y^t he hath his spece but speketh folyshly / than is in doughte that y^e brayne & the membres of the heed be perysshyd.

And Auicenna sayth the wytte of vnderstā dynge showyth the helte of the brayne / yet it is needly to serche / if he be deed or alyue / whych ye shal knowe by felynge the pulse / callyng hym / & pullyng hym by the eeres / and take fyne towe / or kemyd wolle / and holde it at his mouth / & afore his nose holys and so shall ye see yf the wynde come out or not / and yf ye see one good token y^t the breest steryth ony thynge / than make hym to nese with peper / & euforbio / and rubbe his membres with vynegre / and with herbe a grace and make hym blede with the nesynge / and as he is come by one maner to hym selfe / thā let hym blood / and glyster hym as I haue le [...]ed you. ¶ If the pacient be hurte in the brayne / than folowe y^e lernynge of the bru­syng / or contusion of the heed / but yf y^e hole body be brusyd or hurte / than anoynte all y^e hurte place with oyle of roses / or with oyle myrtyllorum / and strawe therouer y^e powder of myrtyll / as is a fore sayd of the woū ­des with the brusynge / Som layeth suche a paciēt in warme horse dounhe / & letteth hym therin swete / and y^t helpeth hym / but Haliabbas / and Auicenna byndeth hym in a shepes skynne that is freshe and warme / y^t is [...]leene anone / and strawe yt with a lytel beten or stampte salte / & let hym lye therin a hole daye / and the other daye he shall be hole. ¶ In the out pullynge of the blood the worke maysters hath wrought after y^e coū sell of Hali abbas / & the place shal be made strounge with a clothe depte in colde water and lay theron / but I was wounte to do in that water moche salt and w^ta blew wolle cloth / that I fyrst and often layde on y^t membre / for it consumyth the engelyd blode / and maketh the place fast / and as he is stronge than make the body to swete with hote gere

¶ And yf it holpe not / thā cōsume it in this maner hereafter wrytē / it softeth the payne of the engeled blood / & openeth y^e swetynge holes.