A Declaration and Protestation, published by the King of Nauarre, the L. Prince of Conde, and the L. Duke of Montmorency, concerning the peace concluded with the house of Lorrayn, the Captaines and chiefe aucthors of the league, to the preiudice of the house of Fraunce.
Also two Letters written by the sayd King of Nauarre. The one to the Parliament, the other to the Maisters of Sorbonne.
More an Epistle written by Philipp de Morney to the French King:
Hereunto, for the playner declaration of the innocencie of the sayd Princes, are inserted the Articles agreed vpon betweene the King and the Lordes of Guyze.
All faithfully translated out of French,
Imprinted at London for Edward Aggas.
The Declaration and Protestation.
IT is not vnknowne to all men, and they may soone call to minde in what estate the affaires of this Realme stoode, and of what minde the King was, when the house of Lorrayn vnder the title of a Holy league began to raise Wars against his Maiestie & to trouble the quiet estate of this Realme. For through Gods grace Peace began to take roote in the depth of mens hearts, and thence to expell all hartburning and mistrust: Iustice vnder the wings thereof gathered strength by the exerci [...]e of lawes: Religion on both parts crept into credite in mens consciences, whence the licencious libertie of warres had almost expelled it: Nobilitie grewe into familiaritie & gaue ouer partialities and factiōs: The Cōmons after so many mischiefes and calamities, began to enioye the fruites of [Page 4] their labours, and through such good order as the King had taken, were in possibilitie speedely to bee freed from the pillage and insolencie of the Souldier. To be brief, the miseries and calamities incident to warres grewe into obliuion, and were almost buried vnder the commodities of peace, which was mightily prosecuted and daylie cherished through the Kings wisedome, to whom nothing was in such recommendation as the continuaunce and establishing of the same. For if on either side there remained any scarre of the auncient miseries, which the peace (that yet had not beene of so long continuaunce or force as the warre) could not cleerely deface, the King, who had both noted the mischiefe and founde out the remedie, through that dayly care that he tooke for the affayres of his Realme, was surely entred such a path as would not onely haue ended the calamities of this Realme, but also in short tyme haue restored her to her auncient dignitie, prosperitie, and brightnesse. But this necessarie path that should haue led al things to wealth, quiet, and ease, is now broken vp and disturbed [Page 5] by the house of Lorrayn, who are vtterly vnpatient and not able to abide the tranquilitie and peace of this Realme, as finding the same repugnant to their purposes, which they knowe them selues vtterly vnable to compasse by the prosperitie, but rather through the confusion, ruine and subertion of this estate.
It is needlesse here to rehearse such their purposes as by the effects are sufficiently discouered: For it may be euidently knowen to all men what the pretences and practises of those of that house haue bene as also what meanes they haue from time to time vsed, especially since the raigne of Francis the second, for the contriuing of their deuises: which, to be brief, do tēd to the extinguishing of the house of Fraunce, and intruding of thē selues into the place thereof. And for the easier atteyning to such their drifts and enterprises, how they haue sought to set deuision in the Realm, to nourish troubles, to weaken the power of the Nobilitie by the losse and shedding of their bloud, to abase vnder sundry pretēces the credite & auctoritie of the Princes. In the meane time themselues to take [Page 6] weapon in hand, to gayne partakers, to ouerthrowe all that stand in their way, and finally so farre as in them lieth, to encroch the strength and power of this Realm into their own hands. This course haue they euer since the raigne of Frances the secōd taken, still gathering ground by little and litle and employing euery occasion. They layd to the Princes of the bloud that they had practized against the person of the young Prince, and vnder pretence thereof procured the apprehēding and detaining of the chiefe Princes of the bloud, sequestring the rest from about his Maiestie, & bringing into mislike the most auncient and faithfull officers of the Crowne, yea euen then, had not God preuented them, they had set foote vpon the very throte of this estate. This being most manifest, can not be attributed other then to their ambicious practizes: For at that time no Prince in Fraunce openly did professe any other then the Catholicke Romish Religion, neither was there any such question of controuersie in Religion, which as yet was not much spoken of in this Realme▪ No, the quarrell which the house of Lorrayne [Page 7] then had and yet hath against the house of Fraunce, tended vnder shadow of the King to raigne, vntill fitter oportunitie, the whiles, vnder his auctoritie and by his power to rid their hands of the chiefe Princes of the bloud, who were any stumbling blockes in their way, and of the officers of the Crowne, as those that could not brooke their vsurped auctoritie.
Vpon these and such like beginnings we are to iudge of their actions ensuing: according to these originalles must we consider of the effectes, that since they haue endeuoured to disguize to the ende diuersly to procure them fauour, as soone after they did, & stil they endeuour to do: but the nature of water is neuer better knowne then at the Spring while it is yet pure and vnmingled, as likewise all humaine actions are naturally discerned at their first beginnings, before the inconueniences that wee finde haue gathered any sleights, and learned to vse any cloked dissimulation. This also was the reason that moued thē, immediatly vpon the decease of King Francis, vnder whose name they ruled, because he had married the Scottish [Page 8] Queene their niece, finding themselues thereby excluded from all meanes of gouernement, to alter their former pretēce: For when they perceyued that the generall estates lawfully summoned and assembled did call them to accoumpt for their administrations and dealings, they began to cloke their ambition with the vayle of earnest zeale to the Catholick Romish religion. They, who but fower daies before had put the Germain Princes in such hope of ioyning with them in the confession of Ausbourg, beginning with the murder of many persons of all sortes, ages and kinds at Vassy, did violate the lawes and infringe the peace and publicke tranquilitie of the Realme, for the continuaunce whereof, the said general estates had found it expedient to graunt the exercize of both Religions, and to the same end had published a solemne edict verefied in all the Courtes of Parliament: which could not bee attributed to force, feare, or other vnlawfull pursuite, but onely to the sole consideration of the benefite & tranquilitie of this estate: With armes during the Kings minoritie they seazed vpon his person together [Page 9] with the Queene his mother, who in wisedome had consented to the sayed edict, and through iust feare of their forces, was compelled (not without manifold reclayming the aide of the Princes of the bloud against their tyrannie) to yeeld and in the ende to auctorize them for her patrons. All this they did to the ende to entangle the Princes youth in mallice, hatred and warres against his owne bloud, therby to weaken the Realme, and to lay it open to their inuasions, & to drawe to themselues both the auctoritie and force, (which indeede they brought to passe) so liuing and raigning in and among armes, which, as opportunitie should serue, they might abuse to their owne pretences. This foundation did they lay so firme, that for the space of these 25. yeres this Realme hath flowed with ciuill warres, vnder the support whereof they haue exercized their mallice, satisfied their reuenging affectiōs, and laboured their ambition with the price of the King and his estate, yea, euen with the price (through their accursed & execrable counsayles) of the honour of the French nation, vnto whom are imputed [Page 10] al the mischiefes and calamities that thorowe the counsayle of this fatall house of Lorrayne hath beene contriued, vntill the King now raigning by his wisedome foūd out that the zeale of Religion by thē published as a shield, was but a pretence: that the true spirite of Religion, whereof him selfe hath more apprehension and feeling then they, doth not perswade or counsaile the violation of publick lawes, the breach of oath, or the tainting of a whole estate with bloud and murder: so that he perceiued that vndoubtedly it was but a practise to climbe higher: for the preuenting whereof it was requisite to ende the troubles of his Realme by an equal and indifferent peace conuenient for the present time, referring to God (who only raigneth in the consciences) all operation in the hearts of his subiects, for the reuniting & bringing them all to one Religion.
Howbeit this peace being made, not by force, but of the Kings meere motion and free consent, which also in respect thereof he would haue called his peace: this famely could not brooke it, as men that could neuer finde any peace in peace, and therfore [Page 11] did continually crosse it by al meanes and subtilties possible, yea, they procured their partakers by all kinde of iniuries, violences and wrōgfull attempts to driue the professors of the Religiō into dispaire and impatiencie, & to force them to take armes, whereby the King might iustly leauie warre against them. Againe, on the other side they sollicited the sayd professors of Religion to ioyne with them, alleadging the benefite of the Commonwealth, and promising them libertie of religion vnder whatsoeuer cautions or assurances that they could desire, leauing no deuice or pollicie vnpractised, that might returne this estate into trouble, as knowing that the quiet and peace of the land fighteth against & ouerthroweth all their deuises and purposes. Finally, finding the King more and more resolued to maintaine peace, and the professors of the Religion crauing nothing more hartely thē quietnes vnder the benefite of the edicts. Especially my Lord the Duke of Anieowe deceased, and the King without issue, whō by an imagination, which cannot spring but out of desire, they assure themselues [Page 12] to out li [...]e, and vnto whome, as all men knowe, they haue prescribed and limited but a short time, they resolued to rise in armes and to seaze vpon their Maiesties persons (had they not beene discouered) togither with the most part of the Realm, so to bee the better prouided against the time of their imagined alteration: Also for the drawing of the greater number of partakers to this conspiracie, they haue published sundrie titles and pretences, as true the one as the other, therby to accomodate them selues to the diuers mindes and seuerall affections of men, stil cloking their poyson and venome vnder a gorgeous title of a counter poyson, the rather to abuse and confirme their adherents. The pretences and titles published are these. The Common wealth: The discharge of the third estate: The reintegration of the Nobilitie in their pristinate dignitie: The reestablishing of the Church in her liberties and priuiledges: The suppression of certaine persons Whom the King hath exalied: The restitution of such as they pretend to haue beene euill en [...] and hardly dealt with: The nominatiō of a Catholick Romish successor to the Crowne, [Page 13] for the defence of the Romish Church: The extirpation of heresie and rooting out of those whō they pretend to be heretickes.
All these things haue they promised to bring to passe before they cease, and yet how they haue accomplished it, I leaue to all mens consideration. The true cause yet remaineth vnspoken of, & is the same that only hath already produced some effects. Viz. To be armed to the end to prescribe lawes to the King vnder colour of rooting out of Heretikes: and to make away the chiefe Princes of the blood, and such as are their principall stumblingblockes: that is, those that professe the religion wherein they were borne and bread vp, so the easelier to attaine to the rest, and this hath the King very well marked, euen from the beginning of their broyles hetherto: For in sundry his Letters to the King of Nauarre he hath confessed, that he knoweth well enough that this their zeale of Religion is but a pretence: & that their drifts do tend against his own person, his house, and estate.
And in the meane time, because vnder this pretence they had abused many of his subiects, he requireth the said king of Nauarre [Page 14] to haue pacience, vntil he might euidently discipher the colors from the causes, and the pretences from the purposes, assuring him that hee findeth the enterprise directly against him selfe, and so the offence to appertaine properly vnto him. Moreouer, vpon the same iudgement and foresight his Maiestie hath by his expresse Letters, commaunded al gouernours and Lieutenants generall, in their Prouinces and perticuler chardges, to assaile their troopes, and hath proclaimed and declared them Rebels, Traytors, perturbers of cōmon peace, and enemies to the Estate: Vpon the verfication of these his Maiesties commaundements in all the Courts of Parliament, there haue ensued many decrees, yea some haue bene executed, besides that the like messages haue bin sent to all Princes allied and confederat to the Crowne, with expresse commaundement to his Maiesties Embassadours, to direct their speeches conformably thereunto, Viz. That his Maiestie findeth by the effectes as well past as present, and vnderstandeth by the demeanurs and testimonies aforesayde, that the insurrection of [Page 15] those of this house, notwithstāding whatsoeuer their pretences, is one of the fruits of their first attempts, that is, of their conspiracie to roote out the house of France, whereof none neede to plead ignoraunce that list but to looke backe vnto, and call to minde their behauiours these 25. yeres and more, and at once to consider well of the same.
At the same time also that his Maiestie proclaymed them Rebels, he reuiued the publication of his Edict of pacification throughout all partes of his Realme, as a testimony to al, but chiefly to those of the Religion, that hee in no wise ment to encline to the demaunds of these men, but did rather condemne them, for that they sought to abolish the sayde Religion by force of armes, his Maiestie knowing that to be no meet or lawfull meane, as also by sundry letters he assured the King of Nauarre that he would do nothing preiudiciall either to the sayed Edict or him, whose cause he acknowledged to be his owne.
All the premisses notwithstanding, it so fell out, that vpon a sudden a peace was concluded with those of this famely and [Page 16] league, wherof proceeded an Edict, wherby the former Edict of pacification, so deliberatly confirmed, & so solemnly sworne vnto by their Maiesties: the Princes of his blood: all the Courtes of Parliament: and the chiefe Lords & officers of the crowne, which also had bene so freshly reiterated and again confirmed, was now vtterly reuoked, all exercise of religion vnder paine of death prohibited: all professors thereof condemned within the tearme of sixe months to depart the realme: the townes for assurance, which likewise of his owne accord, and for diuers considerations concerning the welth and quiet of his estate, he had proroged to those of the said religion, they should now speedely habādon, to the ende to buy peace at the hands of the sayed Rebels & traitors, so proclaymed and acknowledged by his Maiestie, with the hinderance of his neerest kinsemen: and, which is worse, the weapons committed to the hands of those men, to the end to put the same in execution, a matter vtterly repugnant to all lawes, which doe meerly forbid the execution of any decree to be committed to the aduerse partie, [Page 17] nay more, that he shal not assist thereat, notwithstanding it were to maintaine the execution of Iustice.
Hereupon therefore doth the King of Nauarre desire all good Frenche men in France to consider what cause he hath, to to lament. In their publike protestations, the conspirators opposed themselues directly against him, and yet he▪ to the ende to satisfie the Kings minde, and to auoyde all occasion of the peoples oppression, remained peaceable, and neuer would arme himselfe, although he see them in armes round about him. He see the Kings mind enclined to peace, and that euil and ruine which they openly procured him, might haue mooued him by all meanes to crosse them▪ & yet for the benefite of the realme he offered to the king some entrie to quietnesse by the declaration which expressely he published, yea such as he trusteth all Christiandome will allowe of, and the veriest barbarous nation would haue aceapted of.
They spake of the rooting out of heresie, and the Christian authors fought against it with generall Counsels: he submitted [Page 18] himselfe to a counsayle, and declared himselfe to be ready to be enstructed therby and to yeeld thereto. They craued reformation and alteration in some matters of estate: such controuersies and differents are by the auncient statutes of the land to bee determined by the generall estates, to the assembly whereof, whensoeuer it should please the King to summon them, hee offered to referre, and submit himselfe. They requested that the King of Nauarre and the professors of the Religion should immediatly habandon and depart the Townes of assurance, notwithstanding the Kings prorogation of the tenour of the same to them graunted: for the eschuing of al mistrust he offered without delay to yeeld thē, yea, which is more, to dispossesse himselfe and to render into the Kings handes, both he and the Lorde Prince of Conde, al gouernments that they holde within this Realme, conditionally, that the others might doe the like, notwithstanding such inequalitie as all men may easely perceiue: for it is not meete to make straungers equall with the houshold children. Moreouer, if there were any further [Page 19] controuersie, the decision whereof might touch or any way concerne him, for the exempting of the King (whose person would be too deare a price to this Realm) from all daunger and care therof, the sayd King of Nauarre besought his Maiestie not to mislike the determining of any such quarrell, either by his power against theirs, either els, for the preuenting of publicke calamitie, by his person against the Duke of Guyze, or by more to more, as he should think good, within the realm or without, in whatsoeuer place of free accesse: adding moreouer that if his Maiestie could conceiue any more conueniēt remedie for the pacifying of the estate of the Realme, the sayed King of Nauarre woulde gladly yeelde thereto and not to spare his life therein, most humbly withal beseeching his Maiestie so farre to honor him as to let him vnderstande the same. Howbeit, nothing respecting all these his so reasonable offers, thei haue in the mean time proceeded to a treaty of peace, to the great preiudice of the estate and house of Fraunce, yea, of the King himselfe. A peace, to speake indifferently, vnwoorthy [Page 20] any such title, as beeing to bee rather accompted a summons of warre, yea, & vnlesse God of his great mercie doe preuent it, such a warre as will be an entry into the ruine and subuertion of the whole estate. A peace made with straūgers for the rooting out of the home borne childrē: with Traytors for the spoyle of the obedient Subiects: with conspirators, to the end to commit to their hands the sworde against himselfe, to abuse at their pleasures. A peace that hath not so much as the tast of any thing appertayning to peace; A black peace▪ A wofull and funerall peace, and of an vnfortunate aspect: A peace which the King signed not but with a quaking and shiuering hand: A peace whereto the Princes of his bloud and Peers of this Realm, yea, the most Catholicke, haue refused to sweare, as being the decree of their deaths and the small ouerthrowe of the estate, which moreouer procureth no comforte either to the Countrey or Townes, but hath filled all the good Frenchmen of this Realme with horror, and reioyced onely those that nourish them selues and feede vpō their deaths. A peace to say the troth, [Page 21] which the sayd Lord King of Nauarre acknowledgeth not to be imputed vnto the King, a courteous and iust Prince, from whose nature the same is too odious, neither to the Queene his mother, who in al her indeuours haue sought no other but the tranquilitie of the Realme: but partly to the dastardlinesse of some of the Kings Counsayle, and partly to the trecherie of other some, who are either seruants or of kindred and alliaunce with those of this league, who also, as it is sufficiently knowen, in the beginning lessened and deminished the mischiefe, propounding it vnto him to be easely appeased, least he should haue prouided remedies necessary there against. But afterward euen at once when they see the power of the league waxe great, did so enlarge it to his view that he was easely perswaded that himselfe might soone be by them oppressed if speedily he satisfied not their mindes: and for such persons it is well knowne that a number of them which vnder colour of her seruice accompanied the Queene, did aduertise those of the league of her chiefe secretes: some h [...]ld their conuenticles so soone as [Page 22] they came foorth of his Chamber, what counsayle they shoulde giue him: other some to the end to astonish him, disciphered vnto him such armies to the succours of the league, as neuer appeared, nor had any other substance then ayre. These were the counsailes whereby the King was turned from vsing his neerest kindred, who would not haue spared the shedding of their bloud for his quiet, and who had both will and oportunitie, and now for recompence are sold to the straunger, and so farre as may be, payment is made with their bloud and liues. Vpon these counsayles hath hee refused the offers of his princely Neighbours, the loyall confederates of the Crowne, while by meanes of the league the Spanish coyne trotted thorowe out Fraunce, and found entrie into the Townes, into the Counsayle, yea, into the priuiest parte thereof. Finally, and all men knowe it, the King was deluded by those to whom be had as great occasion to commit himselfe, if benefites receiued might amend mens mindes. And the sayd Lorde King of Nauarre fully assureth him selfe that though by their [...] and [Page 23] violence they haue bene able to arme his armes against him, yet at the least his sobbes, sighes, desires and vowes shal fight in his quarrell, which he hath well founde & cannot possibly forget to be his owne.
The said Lord King of Nauarre hopeth that the most parte of men of iudgement in this Realm, especially such as haue had neerest familiaritie with their actions or beene intangled therein, haue beene able to enter into consideration of the depth of the entents of those of the league, and therefore he wil so farre assure himselfe of thē, that they will not so blemish their honors as to beare armes against the house of Fraunce, vnder the shadow of this edict, as also they should proceede too farre against their own knowledge if they should but thinke to haue taken them vnder the said pretences, yea, were it for the assurāce of their Religion.
Those of this league alleadged diuers pretences, as they dealt in one so it is like they doe and will doe in the rest.
Of this Common wealth whereof they made so great boast and which had prouoked sundry, euen of the Nobilitie, such [Page 24] as were farthest from ambition, and least partakers of the corruptiō of these times, in this edict there is no worde of it, euen the first day thereof they gaue it ouer.
Concerning the discharge of the third estate which they promised, in this treatie there is no mention thereof, but contrariwise by this peace it hath begun to bee surcharged and more and more brought into ruyne. For, where in their declarations they promised that their Souldiers should liue in order and pay all men, it is well knowne that during all the troubles of this Realme there haue beene none more vnruly or disordered in all sortes, as likewise that which they protested that they would not attempt against the kings Townes, or therein place any Garrison without the consent or liking of the Inhabitants, hath beene no whit better obserued by such as haue seazed vpon the same. For in some by force, in others that voluntarily receiued them, vnder colour of good meaning they haue built Citadelles and brought in Garrisons.
The Nobilitie haue had no better amends: for in this treaty whom haue they [Page 25] prouided for but themselues, or those of their house? either whom haue they restored to the dignities wherof they pretended them to be vnworthely depriued? To bee briefe, all their doings haue stretched only to the parting & deuiding of France to those of their famely according to their platforme layd for the atchieuing thereof in time to come, causing by this peace the gouernement of sundry Townes of importaunce and Prouinces both vpon the frontiers and in the hart of the Realme to bee committed to them, wherevpon the Nobilitie of this Realme is to consider what aduauncement they maye expect at their hands when 24. Princes of Lorrayne must be contented and satisfied before any of them may by their meanes attaine to any dignitie.
As for the due promotions vnto Ecclesiastical functions and dignities, they haue in this Edict had no more respect (witnesse the Bishoprick of Authum, wherunto the D. of Mayne hath by force promoted his Sonne in Law) then to the prerogatiues, franchizes and liberties therof, notwithstanding, that seeking to take a [Page 26] pretence for Religion, the same shoulde haue bene a principall article and of greatest recommendation. But contrariwise, entring into information of their liues, it will bee found that they haue ransomed the Priests & clergie, prophaned the Monasteries, embeseled the Chalices & Crosses, with all other the Churche goods, all haue bene to them Wars, euen in making their peace. To the ende to be paide their expences, folowing the steppes of the late Cardinal of Lorrayn their vnkle, they haue propounded and extorted a promesse to alienate Rentes to the value of 100000. Crownes, and to procure the Popes consent thereto. Prouided alwayes, that the said coyne may be employed in the reembursing of them: Besides it is euidēt to all mē that in any matter touching the three Estates, without instance or pursuit they discharged themselues at the beginning of the Parley of this peace.
Touching the great fauour about the King, whereof they complaine of some gentlemen whome they tearme in their Declaration (The bloodsuckers of the people) whom also they say they wil abase and reduce [Page 27] into order, it is most manifest that they haue most vildly in all sortes sought their amitie, that they haue gone about to buy the same by remitting into their hands the townes of their gouernments, which by Warres they had seased vpon & takē away: but to their great shame those men haue taught them the path to Generositie and courage, by giuing them to vnderstand that they regarded not their amitie further then the commodity of this Realme did require.
With the Cardinall of Bourbon, whome they had brought into the field vpon promesse of procuring him that right which they perswaded him he might pretend to the Crowne, they haue played the same partes according to their vsuall maner, which is to drawe euery mans interest into their owne particular profite: For hauyng hym once entangled among them, they made so smale accompt of his imagined right, that comming to parley with the Queene, they were euen ashamed to open their mouthes therein: But in cace there were any greeuous question, or any difficult or thorny point, they vsed [Page 28] him as an instrument. It was my Lord the Cordinall that motioned it, and so reserued them selues stil to mollefie matters, to appease parties, and to wrest all the thanks and profit of the treatie vnto themselues.
In the meane time one principal point, whereupon they layde the foundation of the Catholique Romish Religion, was to prouide that the King should name a successor that professed the same, and vnder that pretence (as also vnder the former cōcerning the comon wealth) they drew to their faction many of the Nobilitie, which thought they had bene in earnest, but their pretence was onely to atchieue that point which by this peace they haue obtayned, which was the same onely that they were so earnest for, viz. to sease vpon the Frontiers and Kayes of the Realme, which had bene kept, euen from the late Monsier, also vnder shadowe of Religion to haue weapon in hand, so to become arbitrators of the counsayles▪ to prescribe Lawes to the king during his life: to make away the Princes of his blood, and loyall seruants of the house of France, and after his decease, which they imagine to bee at [Page 29] hand, violētly to vsurpe this poore estate.
To thinke they either can, or doe suppose them selues able to compasse the rooting out of Religion, the proofe that for these 25. yeeres or more they haue made is quite repugnaunt thereto. Our Kings haue not spared them selues either by pollicies of peace or rigors of Warres. The authors of this league haue employed both force and craft. The name League hath nothing encreased their meanes: hath not bred vp any new souldiers in the Realme, neither hath made them greater Captaines then afore they were, still it is Fraunce part whereof, yea the best part wil not helpe to spoyle and destroy Fraunce. It is euen the house of Fraunce which the house of Lorrayn doth assayle, for their pretences are sufficiently reuealed to all men. This it is that will strengthē the K. of Nauarre with the auncient officers of the Crowne, with the Princes of the blood. with the wishes of the King, with ye sighes and sobbes of all good Frenchmen without respect of Religion, and so much diminish & weaken the enemy. Besides that it is no longer to any purpose herein, as [Page 30] against the ould Albigeois, to imagine the publication of a croysade, for there is not one Towne of France that consenteth to this partie. There is no member, no part of the body, no there is not scarce any one synew but complaineth hereof. Neither is it Fraunce onely that hath prosecuted this reformation in Religion, but it hath bene a cōmon motion in all Estates and nations of our Europe: Hole kingdomes haue sequestred them selues from the Pope. Empires haue bene more then halfe touched, scarce is there any estate, but haue stirred herein (as all men know and doe graunt) and feeling it can plainly find out and eschue their owne ruine by that of their neighbours.
On the other side, there is no Prince in Europe of whatsoeuer Religion, but thinketh it straunge to pretend the excluding of a Prince without audience or teaching, no other trespasse against the lawes of the Countrey committed, from an estate or succession vnto him due. But in Histories it is euident, what the effects of an ambicious or enuious passion can compasse, euen vpon the least occasion to the vrging [Page 31] of an heresie, as for example. Philipp the fayre was denounced an heretick for that he would not hold this Realm in homage of the Pope, and so was cut off from the Church: but such Popes both before and since as haue pretended more modestie, and were not led by the like passion haue held an other opinion and otherwise decided it. A counsayle must order all, and who so eschueth a counsaile, eschueth the light, and refuseth reason, as shewing himselfe to seeke darknesse, and to vse the title of Religion in vaine.
In the meane time, such is the mischief, the King our Soueraigne, partly through the violence and conspiracie of his enemies, and partly by the mallice and collusion of some of his Counsailors hath bene forced and brought to conclude a peace, whereof vndoubtedly, without speedy remedie, will ensue his owne ouerthrowe, the destruction of the house of Fraunce and the subuertion of this estate. Wherefore the King of Nauarre, as first Prince of the bloud & chiefe Peere of this Realme, the Lorde Prince of Conde his Cousine a Prince and Peere of Fraunce, and the Lord [Page 32] Duke of Montmorency a Peere of Fraunce and the chiefe Officer of the Crowne, together with the Lordes, Knights, Gentlemen, Prouinces, Townes and Communalties as well of the one as of the other Religion, vnited for the preseruation of this estate, doe protest and declare as ensueth.
First that their entent neither is, neither euer was other then to see the King well serued and duetifully obeyed of all men, euery one in his place according to his calling and estate, and themselues to become an example to all, which was to bee seene in these late dealings. Namely, that their desire tēdeth only to see the Realme peaceable and quiet, as it was in a good forwardnesse at the beginning of these broyles, and to the same end haue withall their heartes endeuoured them selues against such as sought to molest the prosperitie of the King and Estate, and to the like entent will willingly employ whatsoeuer they are able in life or goods.
Also because heretofore there haue bin sundry meanes propounded vnto the King, whether for deciding the controuersies in Religion, or of the Estate, which [Page 33] his enemies vsed for a pretence, either [...] for ending such quarrelles as particulerly they pretended against the Princes of Fraunce, among whome the King of Nauarre hath the peeminence: the sayd King of Nauarre, doth most humbly desire his Maiestie to call to minde the aforesaid offers conteyned in his declaration, bearing date the 10. of Iune 1585. which he sent to his Maiestie, writtē and signed with his owne hand. Also if himselfe haue conceiued, or there be to him any other motion made for the contentation of his Maiestie and the wealth of the Realme, the sayde Lord King of Nauarre would craue to vnderstand thereof and accompteth himself happy, in cace it bee such as before God and man hee may accommodate himselfe vnto.
But perticulerly, because these of the league, to the ende to finde opportunitie presently to assault him, haue for their argument thought good to require the deliuerie of the Townes of assuraunce, and vpon refusall thereof, with open force to set vpon him, hee doth most humbly beseech his Maiestie to remember that in [Page 34] December last, Anno 1584. it peased him during the full peace voluntarily to graūt the prorogation therūof at the humble petitions to him made in the behalfe of his subiects: that then he so thought it most conuenient for the peace of the Realme▪ that since by meere force of armes and vpon lesse occasiō he hath graūted greater and more Townes to those of the league, who rise against his person, against his house and against his estate, as being content not onely to leaue to them such as they haue seazed vpō, but also hath giuen them others, yea more then in two yeeres Wars with prosperous successe they could haue gotten: wherevpon the sayde Lorde King of Nauarre, as also al other the good subiects and seruaunts of this estate haue occasion to desire the King to graunt thē new assurāces against those of the league, and that the rather because those men haue in their hands the chiefe frontiers as well on the Sea coasts as on the lād, wherby to draw the straunger into the Realm. All which notwithstanding, the sayd Lord King of Nauarre once againe offereth to dispossesse himselfe of the sayd Townes of [Page 35] assuraunce vnto him by his Maiesties free consent proroged, conditionally that the sayd house of Lorrayne and other their adherents of the league doe likewise effectually departe from those that they holde: That all weapons may be layd aside: That the straungers bee returned, and themselues withdrawne into their owne houses.
That if notwithstanding so reasonable offers any forces do march against the K. of Nauarre, the Lord Prince of Conde, and the Lord Duke of Montmorency, or any of them or their adherents, they do most hūbly require his Maiestie not to mislike that they follow the counsaile both of nature and necessitie, which do teach to repell force by force, either that they employ whatsoeuer their frends or meanes therein, and the rather because now they are not to fight in Guyen for Guyen, in Languedock for Languedock, in Daulphine, Prouince and other places for the estate of the sayd Lo. K. of Nauarre, the Lo▪ Prince, or the Lord Duke of Montmorency, but vndoubtedly for the Estate and libertie of the King hymselfe, with the Queene his Mother: for the preseruatiō of the lawes, [Page 36] and for the defence of the Estate, as also they are assured (which encreaseth their courage) that though the enemy hath proceeded so farre as to seaze vppon his Maiesties Weapons, yet he hath kept and reserued his harte for them.
They pray the Queene the Kings Mother, to call againe to mynd how those of that famely entreated her, when vnder K. Frances the second her Sonne, they ruled all, as also what from time to time she noted in them, touching the driftes of their ambition. Euen she, who was the first that to the Kings her children displayed them for such as they are. But chiefly that shee, who hath wonne to her selfe the name of Mother of the Realme, would not now leaue an opinion in the hearts of the posteritie of the leading of the same to ruine, by deliuering it into the handes of straungers, by enfringing the publicke peace for the contēting of the particuler desires of the publicke enemie, and forcing her nearest and most obediēt subiects to encurre the paine due to the Rebelles and perturbers of the estate: Whereas at the least there might be some generall peace concluded [Page 37] vpon, if in her wisedome she iudgeth it expedient for the peace of this estate to abolish and pardon their offences.
The said Lo. K. of Nauarre, Lord Prince of Conde, and Lord Duke of Montmorency, do adiure the Lords Princes of the blood, earnestly to cōsider that the same importeth their house and blood: The Peeres & principall officers of this Realme, that it cōcerneth the oth and duetie which they haue taken and owe to the Crowne: All Parliaments, that it toucheth the foundamental lawes of this estate whereof them selues are the preseruers and guardians. Generally, all estates and degrees of this Realme that it tendeth to the subuertion and confusion of their famelies: For who can euer assure himselfe of a particuler quiet in a publicke vprore, of a calme in a tempestious Sea, of a certaine estate in an alteration of all estates, or of a priuate assuraunce in an vniuersall spoyle. Also all Princes and estates our neighbours being likewise in league and alliaunce with this estate to assist them in their vndertaken defence, and not to suffer such a conspiracie to take effect, in respect of the consequence [Page 38] wherinto it might draw all estates Christian.
They do declare before God who seeth their hearts and before men whom they chose Iudges of their actions, that they doe bewaile the Kings estate, who abroad is besieged and at home entangled by and in the practises of his enemies: that their weapons are vowed onely to his libertie and seruice, and would to GOD he had, vouchsafed to haue employed their affections, for so could they soone haue deliuered him out of all these perplexities.
Concerning Religion, the sayd Lordes King of Nauarre and Prince of Conde, doe from their hearts and on their faith and honor declare that they entende not any way to molest the Catholicks or preiudice their Religion which they doe professe, as being alwaies of opinion that the conscience ought to be free, and as concerning their owne that they are readie to submit themselues to a Counsayle. That they doe accept of all good and true Frenchmen, both temporall and spirituall, and of al [...] without acception or exeption of Religion: equally taking into their protection [Page 39] and safegarde, them, their consciences, honors and dignities, their goods, liues and famelies, to the ende, so farre as in them shall lye, to warrant and defende them against all oppression and violence.
They doe exhort each one particulerly according to his habilitie and calling, in token what they are, to draw to them, to succour and assist thē against those of this league, whom the King hath opēly declared attēpters against his person, Crowne and estate. To the ende also to take from them all doubt and mistrust, the Lorde Duke of Montmorency, whose Religion was neuer mistrusted, & whose wisedome as sufficiently knowne to bee such as can well finde the entents of the sayd Lordes King of Nauarre and Prince of Conde, shall bee their loadesman and serue them as a guyde. Hee being a Peere of Fraunce and chief officer of the Crowne, to whom belongeth the first place in leading of the armies. Besides, that through Gods grace they haue already the assistance and companie of a good number of Catholicke Lordes, Knights, Captaines and Gentlemen, such as haue found out and perceiued [Page 40] their good right, together with the necessitie of their defence.
As for the Captaines of the league and those who to the same entent shall sticke vnto them, the sayd Lordes King of Nauarre, Prince of Conde, and Duke of Montmorency, do declare & acknowledge them to bee enemies to the King, the house of Fraunce, and the weale of this estate, euen such as the King hath alreadie declared them, and as his Courtes of Parliament in the verification of his letters haue aduouched them. Also according to the tenour and contents of the sayd letters, together with the Kings commaundements therein conteyned, they will with their whole power prosecute warre against thē and by all meanes procure the rooting of them out.
Howbeit, for asmuch as diuers there are that by the pretences of the league maye haue been deceiued and abused, so many of them as shall within the space of this present yere departe therefro and withdrawe them selues to them, or into their owne, they will admit & receiue into their protection and safegarde as before, meaning [Page 41] that conformably to his Maiesties former ordenances they shal in no wise be molested or called into question for hauing beene seduced by the perswasions of those of the league aforesayd.
The sayd Lords King of Nauarre, Prince of Conde, and Duke of Montmorency, doe desire al those that shoote not at the same mark with the leaguers which thei should sufficiently know, and yet doe remaine in their holdes, armies or troopes, to withdrawe and get thence so soone as conueniently they may, least to their great grief they should not be able to discerne them from the rest, for that they intend not to make such partakers of the like payne as are not comprehended in the same crime.
Further, in asmuch as the sayde Lorde King of Nauarre, Lord Prince of Conde, & Lord Duke of Montmorency, do sufficiently acknowledge all Warre to bee one of Gods scourges, but especially domesticall Warre, wherein the poore innocent people are in greatest daunger, whose calamities and miseries they doe euen alreadie bewayle, they doe withall their hearts beseech the almightie to open his mercifull [Page 42] prouidence ouer the miserable estate of this Realme and people, to the ende the mischiefes may by some meanes bee turned awaye, either els preuented through some good peace: that it may also please him to touch the harts and open the eyes of the King and of the Queene his mother, that they may conceiue the necessarie [...] meanes for the same: also to mollefie the hardnesse & obstinatie & to suppresse the ambition of those of this league, making them capable of better counsayle, & such as may bee more conuenient to the quiet of this estate. If otherwise, and that their prayers can not auayle or obtaine this successe▪ yet doe they hartely desire euery oue to iudge whether there were euer defence more naturall, more necessarie, or more iust. Also to lay the blame and cast the curse vpon such as haue brought them into this extremitie, and left them no other choyce but either the rooting out of the house of Fraunce together with the subuertion of the estate, or els a lawfull and necessary defence. Consequently, they assure themselues that God wil blesse the right, and bring vpon the authors of [Page 43] this league, the very ringleaders of our calamities, that destruction which they purpose against the King, his famelie and estate.
A Letter written by the King of NAVARRE to the presidents and Members of the Court of Parliament for the French King at Paris.
MY Masters, of all things pa [...]ed sence the last broyles, I craue no other iudges then your selues: For you may haue seene howe many wayes the [...]mies of this Estate and myne haue tempted my pacience: neither can you bee ignorant what sway the respect of the King and weale of this Estate haue borne in mee, whereby I haue bene detained in my iust griefe. In the meane time it hath so fallen out (and I am assured your selues do all know what wrong I doe herein susteine) that the enemies of the King and Realme are aucthorized and and armed against mee. Whereon it must necessarily ensue that my patience and obedience must beare the pennance of their rebellion, and the stranger be rewarded with the goods of the household seruant, the seruant with those of the home borne child. It is in trueth a matter vnto me very hard, but I haue God for my protector, Fraunce for my iudge, your [Page 45] selues for my witnesses and my Lorde the King (for I can not doubt thereof) for the allower of my sinceritie. I bewaile the mishap of this estate: But God knoweth in whom the fault is, and can there lay the punishmēt. I moane the calamities of the people: but it is euidēt who, euen of pleasure, brake the peace, and how necesarily I am forced to take heed to my selfe. It is in vaine to report to you what conditions I haue propounded, you haue seene them and can tell whether they deserue to bee looked vpon. I haue therefore no more to say, but to require you, euen by the oath that you owe vnto Fraunce, with your authoritie to withstand the cōspiracie which you see doth tend to the subuersion therof, or at the least assist not with your authoritie so pernitious a practise: euen with your vowes fauour those that purpose to employ their liues for the preuenting of such misery and ouerthrow of this Estate. I desire and craue no more of you, but the iudgement of your owne consciences. If my cause bee iust, I desire you to allowe thereof, if wrongfull, determine my ma [...]ers what you shal think in duetie for the [Page 46] weale of this estate. God I take to witnesse that I am and haue beene faithfull to the King: that I loue Fraunce: that I honour such verteous persons as doe defend it, & that I bewayle the miserie and calamitie which I see ready to take hould of all Estates. I beseech him to assist you with his grace, you whome alwayes I haue accompted the Pillars of this Realme, to the end that in these broyles you may (as many tymes heretofore) reape the commendation of the susteyning and vnderpropping of the body of this estate: and I trust that he will giue me grace so to serue the King my Lord, also to bee so well serued of all good French men, louers of his Crowne, that shortly I may present to his view the end of his enemies and quiet of his Subiectes, for the compassing whereof I will not spare either my bloud or life Wherevpon my masters I ende, praying God to haue you in his holy grace & protection.
A Letter from the King of Nauarre to the Masters of the Facultie of Deuinitie in the Colledge of Sorbonne.
MY Maisters, vnto you I haue recourse for matters now in questiō, as vnto those whose particuler profession tēdeth to prouide that the Church encurre or suffer no detriment. You haue considered these late broyles of those of the house of Guyze founded vpon many and very diuers pretences, but finally reduced and al formed into one: namely, to restore the Catholick Church to her perfection, and to that ende, to roote out me and all other whom they pretende to bee heretickes: To which purpose, such hath beene their force and violence, there haue ensued an edict almost to their mindes. Now I will not doubt but through your wisedomes you doe knowe that they purpose an other matter then they speake of. That is, vnder the shadowe of Religion to haue weapon in hande wherewith to oppresse the chiefe of the house of Fraunce▪ and so to prepare the way to the vsurping [Page 48] of this estate. But I pray you euen in these matters of Religion iudge whether they or I haue opened the better waye to reunite the Church and to take awaye the scisme which so long haue troubled vs.
I haue bene brought vp in a Religion which I think holy and true, neither need there any testimonie whether in hart I do professe the same. For otherwise I could haue eschued so many mischiefes as I haue beene forced to suffer, wherein naturally man can cōceiue no great delight I could otherwise also haue purchased the Kings fauour, and loue of his people, which next after Gods fauour I accompt most profitable and requisite for me. The case being such, it is ouer hard and so I suppose your selues will thinke, to desire that without any other forme or order I should forsake my Religion & force both my conscience and soule: yea, if I should bee so wretched as in such sort to offend, your selues might iustly mistrust me in all other matters. Me that shoulde sayle in that which in the iudgement of my owne soule I thinke to be my duetie to God, a matter that reasonably none can require at my hands. This [Page 49] is it that as I thinke I haue voluntarily offered and which daylie I doe still offer: Namely, to bee instructed in a free & lawfull Counsell, wherein the controuersies of religion may be thorowly dobated and decided, & so to yeeld to whatsoeuer shall be determined. A way, as your selues are not ignorant, at all times practised in the Church in like cases, and that by the wisest Kings and Emperours in the world: A way, whereunto you my Maisters haue often counsayled the Kings predecessors, and whereby you haue alwaies bene able to maintaine the priuiledges and rightes of the French Church against many vsurpations: To bee briefe, such a waye as the Church in her greatest force neuer refused for reducing into her bosome euen meane persons, yea, sometimes one man onely. And therfore much lesse ought she now to reiect or flee from the same, now I say, when it standeth vpon millions of soules, vpon whole Tounes and large Prouinces, vpon an infinite number of qualified persons, euen of the chiefe Princes of the blood & neerest to the Crowne, who can not easely bee forced, neither rooted out [Page 50] without subuertion of the estate, and yet being by reason perswaded to chaunge, may be a cause of firme peace in this land, of a stedfast revniō of ye Catholick church, with the foreiudgement of their persons and of a more happy worlde, not to this Realme only, which were an inestimable gayne, but also to all Christendome and Europe, which necessarily must haue some feeling of the miseries and calamities of so puissant an estate. This my Maisters, is the offer that I haue made to the King my Lord, which now I doe repeate vnto you, and whereof I call you to witnesse among all to whom it may appertaine, to the end it may be manifest both to those that now liue and to the posteritie, that I was not the cause of disquiet in this estate, either any hinderance that the Church was not reduced into her former vnion, peace and tranquilitie.
Where as it is obiected against me that I am an hereticke, you are to shewe vnto the world & of you haue I learned it, that there is great difference betwixt heresie and error. That al that hold an heresie are not neuerthelesse heretickes. That heretickes [Page 51] are they who doe proceede either vpon ambition or obstinacie, wherof neither can haue place in me whom no man euer went about to teach, and whom contrariwise they haue by all meanes endeuoured to cast of, alleadging no other reason then a strong ambition. Besides that I haue renounced the large path to that greatnesse that by the Catholicke Romish Religion lay open vnto me, and haue taken the contrary way, viz. the way of persecution and contempt, constantly perseuering in that which vsually is called and I doe accompt reformed.
But admit it were so. It is against error and heresie that the Church calleth Cō sailes, and consultations are houlden to cure the diseased, the Surgeon vseth neither Iron nor fire, but where his plaisters are to weake. It it an euident argument of passion, when they begin conuersion with subuersion, and instruction with destruction: With rooting out and Warre, when they should begin with brotherly admonition and gentlenesse.
Neither is is enough to alledge the holding of the Counsaile of Trent, wherein [Page 52] was condemned the religion which I professe, and they tearme Heresie: you all my my Masters doe knowe what maner of Counsaile that was, neither did you euer allowe thereof, yea, there against haue the whole Estate, Cleargie and Parliaments of this Realme often protested. You knowe also that in case it had beene lawfully called and holden, yet had that bene no preiudice to the summoning of an other. Especially sith it concerneth the saluation and reestablishment of such persons and so great an estate. Cōtrariwise, I am giuen to vnderstand that in the generall Counsaile holden at Basill, it was ordeined that from ten yere to ten yere there should be a Counsaile holden, to the ende to cut off such errors as might spring in the church. Much more needfull then were it for the rooting out such as alreadie are growne vp.
Iudge now therfore my Maisters which of vs is in the right, whether of vs in this case is most to bee respected, either who propoūdeth the meetest remedie for this estate. The straūger craueth that the home borne childe bee cast out vnder colour of [Page 53] heresie. Euen the straūger who long haue practised to haue his roome. Mee, truely notwithstāding farre vnequall with them, vpon whose behauiours they can take no hold. I neither haue nor doe desire but to haue my cause heard: by a Counsaile to be taught the best way: to doe better if I be better instructed. Which then will you iudge most right, either what neede the whole Realme to bee kindled herewith? For who doubteth whether you will sooner choose, either ciuill Warre or a Counsaile? either the subuertion of the one half of this estate by the other, or rather the reunion of both partes of this Realme into one, which vndoubtedly wil be of great consequence to all Christiandome.
Now therfore, I doe finally declare vnto you that I craue and am ready to yeeld to a Counsaile: that I am readie to hearkē to the Church therein. And therefore can you not accompt me either an Ethnicke or Publicane. I doe moreouer giue you to [...], that in default of a generall Counsalle for the pacifying of matters I do not refuse a nationall, which often hath bene practised in this Realme, yea, and that by [Page 54] your owne counsaile and consent. But if notwithstanding any these my offers and request, they doe contrary to all order of the Church proceed by banishmēts, murders, and other rigorous barbarousnesse, I am resolued to oppose my selfe in my iust defence against such horrible banishments and violences. And the curse be vpon those that doe trouble this estate vnder the false pretence of the Church. You therefore doe I call to witnesse of the reasonable conditions whereto I submit my selfe. Also God for my defender, who is able to debate my right against my aduers [...]ries, and I beseech him my Maisters, to haue you in his holy protection.
An Epistle to the King.
SIr, great Captaines, Kings, and Emperours in olde time sought to take their surnames of those Countries, that they cōquered. And so came the surnames of African, Asian. &c. Your predecessors, who wanted no conquestes wherby to bee famous among the posteritie, chose for them selues and you, and left as an inheritance the surname Most Christian, therein seeking to declare to al men, that the true honour of man consisteth in being truely Christian, and the very triūph of Princes whom God hath established ouer man resteth in the defence and aduancement of Christian religion. Wherevpon I agree with those that say that your Maiesties scope should tend to revnite the Church, a worke meet for you, a labour incident to your Diademe, yea such a labour as you ought to haue in no lesse ielousie then your estate. But it may be that in the meanes we may somewhat differ, wherein your Maiesties iudgement ouerruling [Page 56] both you are to choose the most expedient.
They propound the restoring of the Church to her perfection by armes: but who can better iudge of the vnprofitablenesse of armes in matter of Religion then your Maiestie, who hauing so fortunatly vsed thē against those whom by al meanes they endeuour to ouerthrowe, could neuerthelesse in the end reape no other profit thereby, then to learne that the happiest successe auaileth not against the conscience. Also that weapons haue no more force ouer the soule, then the Surgeans Raser ouer the mans vnderstanding and affections that guideth it.
The remedies ought to haue an▪ Analogie and proportion correspondent to the mischiefes and diseases. Feare naturally ouercommeth the body, sound mastereth the eare, and reason ruleth the soule, bnt to vse force against the soule, it worketh as smale effect as reason ouer the eare, or sound ouer the masse of a mans body.
Armes therfore are a meanes not to revnite the Church, but to subuert the state of the Realme, not to instruct or conuert, [Page 57] but to subuert & destroy, and as nothing in this world can breede mischief, but it must also feele part thereof, so the destruction of the one side will cost the ouerthrow of the other. The ruine and rooting out of those of the religion (howe easy so euer it be accompted) wil proue to be the confusion and desolation of the whole Estate.
These great Catholickes that haue endeuoured to compell you to force your subiects: who with open force haue required your Maiestie by force to reduce your subiects into the Romish Church, I would fayne learne what they hope for, whether more power, of better successe then your Maiestie? They commaunded ouer your armies, armed with your will, depending vpon your aucthoritie, guyded with your good hap, and fauoured with your owne presence, and your presence I accompt a great parte of the strength of a mightie armie. If your will bee not present, as vndoubtedly it can not bee, who seeth not those willes that depend therof very cold and quailing? But especially sith your person can not bee safe among their armies, [Page 58] who doth not euidently see that the gre [...] body of this armie, how grose or strong soeuer, will shortly shrincke asunder by peecemeale, in that it is not holden together with any respect of your Maiestie, or kept in awe with your presence. The child naturally beareth at the fathers handes, and how good soeuer his cause be, is neuerthelesse content to shunne the stripes, to hold his hand before him, or to get out of the way vntill the choller bee ouer. In the seruaunt or straunger, he shall finde as much stomacke and force as may counteruaile all reuerence, yea, sometime indignation wil double: and that is it which naturally is to be expected of a Prince, the first of your blood, whom seruaunts and straungers doe endeuour to exclude out of your famelie with a million of your naturall Subiectes, brought vp vnder your wing and vnder the clemencie of your commaundements, whom I say the straū gers would make you roote out and driue to seeke forraine Countries. Whereof to be brief, such a dispaire may spring as may teach great indignities and indignations, and so consequently the most extreame [Page 59] Counsailes that dispayre can conceiue or bring forth.
In olde time the lawes condemned in great fines such Carpenters as, to drawe a man to enterprize a building, deceiptfully perswaded him that the charges would be but small, and yet that tended to building, the greatest commoditie whereof redounded to the benefite of the Maister of the house, and to the ornament of the Common wealth. What paine then may be sufficient for those who to the ende to stirre vp your Maiestie to the destruction of your Realme, are not ashamed to auow the enterprize to be very easie. An enterprize whereof the losse will redounde to you, the miserie to vs, and the benefite to themselues.
Let vs therefore here speake of reuniting, not of subuerting. The mischiefes now in question are auncient, and our elders knewe the remedies for the same: which remedies are the safest, so as we shal not neede these practitioners corosiues, that haue replenished all Fraunce with murders, mournings, funeralles and lamentations, and yet the disease they crye [Page 60] out of, and the deuision that they complaine of, is now in worse case then eue [...] before.
Dissentions in Religion molested the Primitiue Church, sundry heresies were fostered among the people: yea, euen Emperours the defenders the Church were infected with them. The histories of such are plentifull. The Fathers found that heresie was an opinion, that al opinion consisted in the head, and that it was a false Image of reason which could not be defased or rased out but with the presence of reason it selfe. They did therefore gather Counsayles, they called a sufficient number of people out of all places, euery one quietly propounded his opinion, in the ende opinion gaue place to knowledge, likelihoode to trueth, and Sophistrie to reason.
Let vs not thinke Christian Religion so darck, but that trueth may be found out, where a Counsaile hath her assured principles, stedfast maximees, inuiolable consequences [...] reason her self which if it be sufficiēnt to decide the difficulties in lawes, can well determine those in deuinitie, [Page 61] and that the better, because it is the lawe of one GOD which admitteth no contrarieties, neither can beare any Antinomy, but mans lawes doe often suffer either the inequalitie of the Lawmakers among themselues, or of one onely.
To be briefe, it is a manifest iniurie to this law which is called the true light, to beleue that it can not light or leade men, yea which is worse, to perswade that without fire it can not shine, that such as they pretend to be darkenesse, must be burned rather then produced into the daylight, either to take this light from vnder the Tubbe.
Some will shewe you that there shall neede no Counsaile, that we must followe the Church, and she can neuer erre.
Bookes are sufficiently furnished with replications therevpon: the olde and new Testament are full of the great errors of Gods people: It was the Chuch and the Counsaile of Hierusalem that condemned Iesus Christ and his Apostles: It was therefore the Church that condemned her saluation. And S. Paule telleth vs that Antechrist shall sit in the very Church of God. [Page 62] What is there thē but perdition worshipped in ye Church? These are but subtelties whereby to eschewe a Counsaile. Man is darke, & the Church an assembly of men, the Church therefore is a misty and darck body, and hath no light in it but frō God, and is no farther, then it gathereth light at Gods worde, thence therefore take it. The Church may at euery straine stumble, and therfore we see our forefathers from worlde to worlde grone after reformation, and therefore also did the counsaile of Basill decree, that from 10. yeres to 10. yeres a Counsaile should be called, to the ende to cut of such errors as might spring vp in the Church.
But some will reply and say, they haue already holden one Counsaile against the doctrine now in question. Admit it be so, yet were it to soone to giue ouer well doing. The auncient fathers were not so sone weary against those of their time, against the Arrians, who were heard in their disputations with all libertie, yet being condemned in three counsailes they were not debarred the forth. But if we may be weary of reiterating the selfe same remedies, [Page 63] how much rather of retourning to warre which so often hath bene practised in vaine: to warre, whose best successe is more daungerous and hurtfull then euen the worst of any Counsayle: or how much more expedient were it to call an other Counsaile, rather then to hazard a battel: to lose a conference to some purpose, or to shed so much blood in vaine.
The truth is, that vpon the very differents nowe in question, there haue bene two Counsailes holden. The first through the diligence of the Emperour Sigismund at Constance, where contrarie to publike faith the disputers of the one parte, Iohn Hus and Hierom of Prague were burned quick, and then followed a decree, that there was no faith to be kept with Heretikes, a monstrous decree, and the cause of all disorder and excesse since fallen out in Christendome.
The other at Trent in the chiefe heate of the French troubles, where by the iudgement of the former decree coulde bee no safe appearance. Where also your Embassadors might not bee heard in their Christian propositions for the quietnesse [Page 64] of the Church. And where they protested nullitie against the actes of the Counsaile which since all your Courts of Parliament haue confirmed and reiected the said acts, yea euen Sorbonne it self, notwithstanding whatsoeuer instance the Pope hath from time to time made. Thinke therefore sir, whether they haue cause to alleadge the fore iudgements of these Counsailes: and iudge whether these two Counsailes may debarys of al hope of goodnesse or fruite that might spring out of one free & lawfull Counsaile, called vnder your auctoritie. The difficultie resteth onely vpon one poinct, and that is that the Pope of late daies hath encroched to himselfe the authoritie of calling of Counsailes, which before belonged to the Emperours: for by al histories it appeareth that thei haue summoned the most famous. And now because he feareth the reformation of the abuses of the Popes Court, and especially the question so often harped at. viz. Whether the Pope be aboue or vnder the Counsaile, whereof there are contrarie decrees, it is manifest that he will so fair as in him lieth auoyde the calling of any, but principally [Page 65] at the suite and request of the French Church, which alwaies haue auowed him to b [...] vnder the Counsaile. And for example, for the assembling of the Couns [...]ile of Constance the Emperour, Sig [...]s [...]und was to traualle frō state to state, to solli [...] all Princes, because the Popes striuing among themselues, would not stoop to a Counsaile, and there it was decreed that the Pope should bee subiect to the Counsaile. Since againe for the calling of the Counsaile of Trent, it is well knowne what protections were faine to be made, what practises the Pope wrought among all Christian Princes, wherby to shift it of. What adoe there was to keepe them together after they were assembled, & what [...] the Popes vsed to the ende to yeeld it vnprofitable to the Church, but commodious to them selues▪ where also, contrary to the former, they caused it to bee determined that the Pope was aboue the Counsaile.
Hereby they your Maiestie haue a barre [...] the Pope & shut vp his mouth whereby he dare no more presume to sollicite you to the overthrowe of the estate, [Page 66] euen he that shall haue refused the lawfull meanes to reunite & restore the Church. Besides, in such a necessitie of your estate and during such the Popes default, the Kings your predecessors by the counsaile of your Cleargie, yea, of your Colledge of Sorbonne, haue long since trode you a faire path: namely, by your owne auctoritie, for want of a generall, to summon a national Counsaile within this Realme. A course taken by the most Christian Kings, yea, euen the deuoutest among the most Christian, to the great benefite of the Church and estate. For na [...]ionall Counsailes being well ordered, and proceeding of the Princes zeale haue often done more good thē the generall, bribed and laboured by the Church of Rome, as histories doe testifie. For if you tarrie vntill the Pope prouide, paraduēture it wil be so late, & your estate alreadie being in combustion, that it were requisite to make more speede.
If any man alleadge that this assembly will bee in vaine, also that in such contentions, were it but for honour, neither side will giue place to reason, euery one defending his part to the ende: also that it will [Page 67] bee hard to agree vpon Iudges and such like, wherein vndoubtedly I can see no great difficultie, I aunswere, that God will blesse your Maiesties holy zeale and earnest affection to the peace of so many consciences: also that hee will heare the sobbes and cryes of so much people who of such a conuocation doe attende their weale & the quiet of their soules, besides that God by his Prophet said not in vaine that the raine neuer falleth from heauen without fruit, either his holy worde vpon earth without some notable effect: But admit matters should growe to that passe, yet dare I assure my self to motion to your Maiestie a meane that shall satisfie & agree both parties, yea such a one, as any reasonable man that willingly would not bee deceiued, may thereby easely discerne the trueth from falshoode and false doctrine from true. And therefore, if the eye of your Maiesties reason bee free from blemish, there is no doubt but your selfe shal both finde and knowe the trueth: for trueth wil shine forth and lighten you and naturally is cleare enough to spread it selfe abroad. Onely God giue vs grace to leaue all our [Page 68] passions at the threshold of the doore and to enter in in a ful desire to see & finde the trueth, as being freed from all particuler▪ interest except of our soules.
Consider Sir what contentation your self in your life time shal reape, & what honor with the posteritie you shall atchieue▪ if in your daies and through your wisdom and exaple, you maye determine a Scisme of so many yeres continuaunce, and procure throughout all Christendom the singing of that song of the Angles, Glory be to God on high, and in earth peace. When in this duetie you haue preuēted the Popes▪ Emperours, and Catholick Kings, yea euen exeded your most Christian forerunners, therein shewing your selfe in deede most Christian for your self, Christian for France & Christian for the whole church.
God I take to witnesse, that from my harte I doe write vnto you al that I seeke▪ which is, to see in our time the Church pourged, and the Temple swept, to the end we may be conuersant togither. All men doe agree and long haue, that there are abuses among vs. Let them be taken away and cleansed, and let vs not set our [Page 69] selues against our selues, neither let vs search starting holes to our losse, or shewe our selues skilfull contrary to our saluation Way [...]ing for this benefite at your Maiesties hand, let vs one beare with another in modestie & gentlenesse, suffering your Edicts of Peace to rule, and mens consciences to be in rest, and as for those which in the meane tyme doe counsaile to surcease or forbid the exercise of the soule, they shewe them selues to haue no great feeling of their owne, sith thei suppose the soules can liue without their action or foode: yea, those that thinke it so easie a matter for others to neglect the seruing of GOD according to their consciences, doe by that lawe which they prescribe to others, sufficiently shew what them selues are. viz. of themselues cōtemners of God, deuoyde of Religion and Conscience.
Sir, your Maiestie are to excuse my boldnesse. In great inconueniences great men haue not despised the meanest voices. The barking of one Dog hath preserued many a house from spoyle, and the gagling of one Goose was sufficient to keep the Capitoll. Duetie and daunger must iustefie [Page 70] my presumption Duetie, for it were an offence in daunger to hold my peace. Daunger also, for it is plaine deceipt in seeing to seeme not to see. I beseech sir, the Creator with his holy spirite to assist your Maiestie, to giue you the same for counsayle and conduct, and after so many trauayles to see his Realme florish in yours, to prosper vnder his, to his glorie, your praise, and the peace of your people. So be it.
A Declaration of the Articles agreed vpon betwene the King and the house of Guyze and their adherents: commonly called. The holy League.
THE Princes, Officers of the Crowne, Lordes, Gentlemen, townes, comminalties, & other the Catholikes of this Realme vnited, being the King most humble subiectes and seruants, vnderstandihg by the Queene, that his Maiesties entent is to embrace the cause of Religion, as being holy and iust, and to roote out all heresies out of this Realme, praysing God for inspiring him with so good & holy a mynd, do most humbly beseech him to assist thē, and the Queene to continue her wonted affection to whatsoeuer concerneth the benefite and preseruation of the state, to the ende to prouide for the same.
They doe therefore desire his Maiestie to set forth an Edict which may be perpetuall and irreuocable, wherby all exercize of the newe Religion may bee abolished, and the Ministers expelled the Realme.
[Page 72] Also, in asmuch as libertie of conscience tollerated among subiectes maye breede much contempt and [...] against the seruice of God: It may be enioyned to all his subiectes of whatsoeuer calling or condition to professe the Catholick Apostolike and Romish Religion within [...] after the publishing thereof, otherwise to departe the Realme, and no way to sell or dispose of their goodes, [...] the same to remaine to their Catholicke heires in direct line, if they haue any, p [...] ing the iust valewe and estimate of the [...]owerth part of the sayd goodes: But if their heires be other then in [...] collaterall▪ the to pay the estimate of the third parte, according to the valewation that shall be [...] made by the Commissioners thereunto appointed: and the money hereof arising to be committed into the handes of certaine persons thereto deputed to bee employed vpon the execution of this enterprize.
That all Heretickes of whatsoeuer state or condition may be declared, according to the Canonicall Sanctions, perpetually incapable of all publicke charges, offices, [Page 73] estates and dignities, and those that now haue any to be forced to forgoe & resigne the same vnto Catholicke persons such as are capable, and not to keepe them, notwithstanding they would abiure their error, except for the space of three yeres after the sayd abiuration they continewe in Catholicke life, so as there may be no further doubt of fayned repentaunce or dissimulation.
That his Maiestie declare▪ al whatsoeuer haue bene done by the Catholick Princes and Lordes and all other as well particuler persons, as Tounes and Communalties that haue taken their partes, and suc [...]oured and fauoured them, either in the seazing vpon Townes, fetching of Coyne out of his receiptes, taking vp of victualles and Munition, or leauying of Souldiers either within the Realme or without, and generally all whatsoeuer haue bene done, wrought or delt in vntill this present touching the effect and execution of the premises, notwithstanding the same bee not particulerly specified or expressed, to haue beene done for his seruice, with the assuraunce of Religion, to the preseruation [Page 74] whereof he acknowledgeth himself to b [...] bound, both as a most Christian King, and also by that solemne oath that hee tooke at his annoynting.
To the ende the Catholiques may not quaile or reenter into any feare, iudging the sequel hereof by others that are already past, that is, that this enterprize should be but couldly prosecuted, and finally determined by some other Edict contrary to this, by meanes whereof there were no other fruict to be hoped for thē the common mischiefe and domages ensuing of Warre. They do most humbly beseech his Maiestie to ordeyne that this sayde Edict may presently bee published without any restriction or qualification vppon the secrete recordes or otherwise.
It may also please his Maiestie with the Peeres and other officers of the Crowne to assist the publication therof in the Parliament of Paris, and the same being read, to declare that as a most Christian King, being bound aswell by the othe that hee toooke at his Coronation, as also by that zeale which alwayes hee hath borne to the seruice of GOD, togither with the [Page 75] request and supplication to him made by the generall estates of his Realme assembled at Bloys, he hath consideratly & with great deliberation by the aduice of the Queene his mother, the Princes of his blood and other Peeres, Princes of France, Officers of the Crowne, and many other notable persons of his Counsayle made the sayd Edict. That he sweareth and protesteth inuiolably to obserue and cause to be kept the same, and neuer to permit it to be infringed, promising hereafter in any wise not to make any other repugnant or derogatory hereunto in whole or in part, also that if any such should be made, his entent and meaning to be, that no regard be had therof, as being directly contrary to the seruice of God, wherto he acknowledgeth him selfe and his subiects to owe the chiefe duety, and to be principally and especially bounden.
That he shall likewise cause all Princes, Peeres of Fraunce, officers of the Crowne, Knightes of the holy Ghost, Counsaylers of Estate, Gouernors, and Lieutenants generall of his Prouinces, Presidentes and Counsailers of his soueraigne Courtes, all [Page 76] Bayliffes, Sen [...]sehals, and other his Officers, all Maiors and Sherifes, also all bodies & comminalties of townes, to sweare to the same. And all the sayde othes and cautions aforesayd to be set in order, and committed to the registers of the Roules of the Courtes of Parliament, to the end [...] to haue recourse thereto as neede shall require.
Further, to the ende to shewe foorth a more euident testimonie that hee entendeth to keepe his sayd Edict, and according to the tenour thereof to procure the moring out of heresies out of this Realm: It may please him, if it be not very contrarie and preiudicial to his estate, to giue ouer the protection of the Towne of [...], that to the great griefe of his Catholickes hee hath taken vpon him, because that out of that spring do slowe al heresie throughout Christendome, and therfore so long as the sayd protection remaineth in force, his sayd subiects cannot but feare that this enfectious disease will neuer bee cured.
Also because the sayd Edict will bee to no purpose if in euery point▪ without remission [Page 77] it be not put in execution, which cannot be brought to passe without force, because those of the newe Religion doe shew no token that they purpose to yeeld their doe obedience, it may please his Maiestie to employe that power which they haue made of people to him most affectionate, and his faithfull subiects▪ such as will hazard themselues in the execution of his cōmaundements, and therevpon do most humbly desire him to declare his entent.
As for the meanes to compasse the said expedition, the aduersaries being weake and withdrawne into one corner of the Realme, all the rest remayning very duetifull and zealous to the Catholicke Religion, they presume that his Maiestie is resolued to put too his last helping hand & not to returne to the former counsayles, which haue▪ but nourished and encreased the mischiefes: that al his good Catholick subiects will assist and ayde him to their abilities. That to the same effect (prouided that the money bee not otherwise employed) the Cleargie can finde in their hearts voluntarily to graunt the sale of their tē poralties to a reasonable valewe, considering [Page 78] what great charges aforetime they haue bene at. Also that our holy Father the Pope will not sticke to permit and auctorize the same.
Moreouer▪ they know that his Maiestie is not without other good and able meanes, but it is not for them more particulerly to enter into the search thereof, besides that they haue beene so smally employed in matters of his treasurie, notwithstanding some of them bee honored with the chiefe places and principall charges of this Realme, who are thereto mere winterlings.
For their owne partes, together with their liues which they will venture in so holy and necessary an enterprize, they do also offer whatsouer their meanes or habilities and vpon their credits to aduance the pay and enterteynment of and to be content to take it vp againe in the space of one whole yere▪ conditionally that it may please his Maiestie to giue thē assurance thereof, also to giue his word to to the Captaines of the straungers that shall receiue it vpon their caution, that so they may bee assured and haue good and [Page 79] sufficient assignation of the said paiment, and satisfaction within the time limitted, as also of that which alreadie they haue aduaunced towarde the chardges of this warre which is leuyed for his seruice, for it is for the preseruation of the Catholick Religion, whereto his Maiestie as a most Christian King hath alwayes shewed himselfe most affectionate.
Moreouer, as he hath testified his zeale and pietie to the honour and seruice of of God in this enterprise, so it may please him, shewing hym selfe a good father to his subiectes, to ease them. And although the effect of this good will can not bee so ready by reason of those expenses whereinto through this war he shal be forced to enter, yet in ye meane time that he would discharge them of the leauy of the country vpon the sault of the newe encrease and imposition of Wine, also of the imposition of Cloth, which his sayde Maiestie had already purposed vpon the petitions vnto hym diuers times made by his subiectes, to abolish and take away. More-ouer it may please hym to cause the verball Proces of the Cōmissioners by him lately [Page 90] deputed throughout the Prouinces, which doe conteine the complaintes of euery one togither with the remedied for the preuēting & ceasing of the mischiefs, to be perused and considered vpon, so shal his subiectes pray to God for his prosperitie and greatnesse, and them selues perticule [...]ly shall not tend to any other, but with heart and affection to yeelde to him that most humble seruice which they doe owe.
They doe also most humbly beseech his Maiestie, in consideration of those perils whereof vntill the execution of this Edict they shall dayly bee in danger by reason of former enmities which those of the new religion do beare them, and are now greatly increased through this their resolution vnder his Maiesties authoritie to ayde and assist the Catholike Religion in this Realme, wherevpon their lines doe depend, and themselues are as it were miserably thereto conioyned, to graunt vnto them the meanes of assurance hereafter ensuing, wherby they may liue in safety and out of daunger, yeelding to him all obedience as his most humble subiects.
[Page 81] First, that it may be lawful for them, in eace the execution of this Edict should be giuen ouer, or those of the newe Religion should work any enterprise against them, to call to their ayde the Catholicke Suitzers, to whome it may be lawfull to doe that seruice whereto they shall be required, touching the obseruation of the Edict onely, and to no other purpose: so as by their so doing, they shall not enfringe their alliances with the Crowne, this Edict beeing made for the safegard and greatnesse of the estate thereof.
That all Gouernors & Lieutenants general of the Prouinces, also al other particuler gouernors & Captaines of Townes, Holdes and Fortresses that haue followed this partie may be maint [...]ined and defended in their gouernments, charges and estates, also in those Holdes that presently they haue and possesse and not to be put from the same.
That such Townes as haue taken their partes may remaine in libertie as before the warres without any Garrisons placed in them.
Because also the Lord Cardinal of Bourbon [Page 82] hath no place of assurance and safetie, and that he ought ordinarely to bee resident at Roome, that the sayd Towne and Castle be left him, with auctoritie to put in Captaines that may bee thereof prouided, as also in the Towne and Castle of Diepe depending of the demaynes of his Archbishopricke.
To the Lorde Duke of Mercure in his gouernment of Brittain two places, such as he shall nominate to his Maiestie, with the Admiraltie ouer all Seafaring places within the sayd gouernment, according to such instructions as heretofore haue vnto him bene made.
In asmuch also as throughout all the Townes within the gouernment of Champagne, there is neuer a Castle sufficient for the assuraunce and safegarde of the Lorde Duke of Guyze, who is gouernor thereof, it may please his Maiestie to graunt vnto him the Towne and Citadell of Metz.
To the Lorde Duke of Mayne gouernor of Bourgondy, together with the Castle of Digeon which already he houldeth, the Castle of Beaeune or the Citadel of Chaalon.
To the Lorde Cardinall of Guyze the [Page 83] Towne of Rheimes, together with some reasonable extent which may bee to that ende taken out of the gouernement of Champagne.
To the Lord Duke of Aumale auctoritie to commaund in the Holdes and gouernement of Picardie, being of the fame partie.
To the Lorde Marquise of Elboeuf the gouernement of Anieow.
To the Lord of Antragues the gouernement of Orleans in chiefe together with whatsoeuer therevpon depended at the time that the late King prouided him of the Lieutenancy generall of the sayd gouernment.
To the Lord of O. the gouernement of the Bayliwickes of Caen and Constance according as heretofore hee hath enioyed them.
To the Lord of Brissac the Lieutenancy generall of the gouernment of A [...]cow, also the state of Coronell generall of Piedmont to enioy as others haue done before him and in time past it was accustomed.
To the Lord Coūtie of Saux the Lieutenancy generall of the gouernment of Prouince [Page 84] during the absence of the Lord great Pryor of Fraunce.
To the Lorde of Mandelot as Gouernor of Lyons the Citadell thereof.
To the Lord of Chastre, his gouernmēt of Bourges with his companie maintained vpon the first leauy of the receipt of Bourges.
To the Lord of Vaillac the Capteynship of Castle Trompet in Bourdeaux.
Also vpon the vacation of any the sayd Gouernments, Lieutenancies, or Captenships, if any happen before the full execution of the sayde Edict, it maye please his Maiestie vpon the humble supplication which vnto him shall be made on the behalfe of the Princes and principals of the said partie, to prouide for the same accordingly.
That all Garrisons necessary for the defence and keeping of the sayd places in his Maiesties assurance and to the preseruation of those of the sayde partie, maye monthly be payd with the appointments by order of the Gouernors and Officers out of the treasurie of the generall receipts of euery the sayd gouernments, by [Page 85] whose order the same shall bee deducted out of the receipt at the beginning of the yeere.
That the compagnies of men of armes in the Prouinces, gouernments and generall Lieutenancies of the Prouinces, may in euery of their gouernments haue their paye out of the leauye of the fines or amercements in their generall receipts established which shall expressely be thereto reserued and not to be conuerted to any other vse. Also the dueties and pensions of the sayde Prouinces, Gouernors and Lieutenants, to be raised vpon other the coyne of the sayde receipts, whereof quarterly there shall a certeyne be left for that vse.
The sayd Holds & Castles of the which, the parties to who [...]e his Maiestie shall leaue them for their safegarde, were not prouided of before, they shall holde vnder his aucthoritie, and for his seruice, and of the same shall be to him accomptable.
They shal also promise ioyntly together and each one seuerally for himselfe, also the principall Captaines of the sayd party in the name of all to restore the same into [Page 86] his Maiesties handes so soone as the sayd Edict which it shall please his Maiestie to make, be put in execution and obserued. And this shall they sweare vpon perrill of their liues and honors faithfully to performe.