¶Of the order which ought to be obserued, in the marching forward of a company of souldi­ers, from the place where they are lodged. Cap. 1.

AS for marching from the alodg­ment, from whence a Captaine with his companie are in a readi­nesse to departe, this order must bée obserued. First, the Captaine must cause to proclaime, that all such Souldiers which are enter­tained to serue vnder the Ensigne and gouernment of such a Captaine, prepare themselues to be in readinesse, with their armour and furniture the next daye following in the morning, which vsually is at the dawning of the daye▪ because the companye maye march forward a reasonable iourney.

¶How such a company of souldiers, should bee prouided with furniture necessary. Cap. 2.

THe night before their departure, the Ser­geant of the Band, by commaundement from his Captaine or Lieuetenant hath to deale with the Rulers of the Citie, Towne or Village where they are lod­ged, that they prepare such necessarye Baggage as the companie shall want. In the prouision of which furniture, the Corporall of euery Squadron, shall make enquirie among his company of their present want, and then to kéepe an account or reckoning, what [Page] is deliuered ouer and beside the necessaries, deliuered to the Captaine or his Lieuetenaunt.

The which prouision shall be brought to a place or house in the Towne, and there perticular repetition to be made, in such sort, that no Officer take without order, more then iustly doth appertaine vnto them, and that equally to be deuided vnto euerie Squadron. A Squa­dron properly is the number of xxv. men, of which num­ber each Corporall hath charge, and euerie vnder Cor­porall shall haue the like charge of such numbers, as shal be committed vnto them.

¶How the Souldiers shall ioyne or come toge­ther, and in what order. Cap. 3.

IN the morning after repertition of their Baggage, whilest the Souldiers prepare themselues for their departure, the drum player ought to repaire to their Ensigns, to the house of the Auncient Bearer, which is the place of méeting. And then the Sergeant of the Band, as his Souldiers repaire and come together, shall march in a rounde or Muster to sée if any want, and dayly to accustome themselues to attend vpon their Ensigne or Aunntient.

¶Of the order and manner how they shall de­part from the place where they were lodged. Cap. 4.

AFter the greatest part of the companye are ioyned, the Ensigne shall march out of the Towne or lodgement with the soul­diers in good order, and when they are pas­sed a reasonable space from the Towne, they shall there staye. And the Sergeant [Page 3] of the Band shall retourne backe againe to the Towne, to sée if any of his companye remaine behinde, and find­ing any, to compel them to followe and repaire to theyr Ensigne, and to rebuke or reprehend them for their delay and slacknesse: in such wise that they may vnderstande, that they ought to be in subiection to theyr Princes Of­ficers.

¶How the Baggage must passe, when the compa­nye is commaunded to march forwarde. Cap. 5.

THe Officers hath to commaund y^e Bag­gage to be placed in the Vangard, before the Ensigne. This is to be vnderstoode, where there are no enimies. But where the enimie is expected, there shall y^e bag­gage be placed either in the Vangarde or Reregard at the discretion of the Officers. But if it happen to be appointed in the Vangard it shal goe about the length of a Crossebowe shot, before the companye, so that alwayes they kéepe in their sight for the sauegarde of the cariage. Prouided alwayes, that one Squadron, of Hargubusiers, or Pike men shall goe ioyntly in de­fence of the baggage, as by daily lot ought to be appointed for that purpose, & the officer that hath the charge of the Squadron, which commonly is called Cabo de Squadra, shall haue respect when the Ensigne doth stay which is meant onely to tarry for such Souldiers as come drag­ging behinde with wearinesse in the Reregard. The lyke must be done with them y^t hath the charge of the baggage. And then séeing y^e maine cōpany begin to march they then ought to march also, vntil they come to their alodgment. But before the company ouertake them, they shall staye & abide with their baggage about y^e length of .2. or .3. shot of a Crossebow, before they come to y^e appointed place of [Page] lodging, to be aduertised in what part of the Towne, Ci­tie, or Village, they shall enter, following their Ensigne.

¶How, and in what order they shall enter to the alodgement. Cap. 6.

AS soone as the maine company are come to the place where the baggage abideth their comming, all such Souldiers that haue Horses, shall alyght from their horses, and accompany their Ensigne, entering into the Towne in good order. The Captaine ought to haue speciall care that none of his companye presume to take vp lodging without a briefe or billet from the Harbinger: for otherwise shuld appeare smal dutie or regard of the Officers, and among the principallest and chiefest souldiers, this rule ought first to be obserued, for an apparaunt example to all the rest, to the intent, vtterly to banish disorder.

¶How and in what order a company of Hargu­busiers ought to enter into the Towne. Cap. 7.

IF the companie bée Hargubusiers, they shall enter in this sorte. First, the Corselettes shall bée placed in the Van­gard, with a Drumme player. And if the order be that they shall goe thrée in a Ranke, the Drumme player shall goe after the third Ranke. But if the order be by fiue and fiue, the Drum shall then goe after the fifth ranke, and then shall follow the Ensigne with another Drumme player and a Flute. But there must be a pretie space betwéene the Corselettes and the Hargubusiers, by reason of the Ensigne, Drumme player, and Flute, [Page 3] because they must be placed betwéene the corselets and hargubuseirs, and the corselets must each carrie an ha [...] ­berde.

¶If the companie be Pikemen, then must they obserue this order in their entrie. Cap. 8.

IN a companie of Pikemen, the hargu­buseiers shall march in their vangard with their drumme player in the ranke that he shall be appointed, in the ranke of thrée or fiue, and then shall march the Ensigne with the drumme player and Fluite: before the Pikemen shall march the corslettes of the companie, and in the reregard the Cabos de squa­dra of Pikemen which shoulde be corselets. And nowe must the companie of Pikemen goe in the reregarde or else the hargubuseirs, the baggage of each shall go néere vnto the campe.

¶The order to be obserued in going to the alonge­ment. Cap. 9.

BEfore the companie departe from the place where they are lodged, the Har­benger shal depart thrée or foure houres, or a whole daie before the armie, and haue made prouision of lodging before their comming. And then he shall yeeld or giue vnto the Sergeant, a briefe note according to the number that he hath in his memoriall to diuide them to their lodging.

¶How a companie ought to be lodged. Cap. 10.

[Page] THe best Inne or lodging is to be proui­ded for the Captaine, and the seconde is likewise to be giuen to the Auncient bea­rer, and Sergeant of the bande, next vn­to them must be lodged the Drumme-plaiers and Fluite, & then the Squadron of the Captaine, and after they are placed, must likewise be placed the squadron that is appointed for the garde or watch, and then those that hath alreadye serued in that garde, and last of all the residue of the companie.

The Harbenger ought alwayes to take vp lodging for a greater number then is in his memoriall, not to the intent to benefit himselfe, but rather that thereby maye remaine, and so be lodging for other poore trauay­lers.

How the watch ought to be set. Cap. 11.

THe companie béeing come to the lodge­ing of the Auntient-bearer in good or­der before they departe towarde theyr lodgeing, the garde or watch must bée warned to make them readye to attende that night on the Captaine, which watch must bée of the Captaines Squadron, and the nexte night following another Squadron of Hargubuseires, and so consequently all the other Squadrons.

And then must followe the Pikemen in the same order, and when euerye Squadron hath obserued his course, then must they begin againe as at the first, so that they may alwaies kéepe a good order in their mar­ching forward, and to be experimented in their duetifull seruice of their Prince.

¶How their lodging shall be appointed for auoiding of briberie. Cap. 12.

A Vigilant care must be had that no soul­dier haue appointed for him, more then his néedfull lodgeing, and therewith to content themselues, bée it eyther for a speciall or a perticular number. And be­cause that occasion should be auoyded of chopping and chaunging of lodging for interest or mo­ney, and also oppressing the Cities, Townes, or Villa­ges where they lye. The officers' must haue of this point a speciall care, but principally the Captaine, his Liefe­tenaunt, or Ensigne-bearer, on whome the charge perti­cularly lyeth.

How the baggage shall returne. Cap. 13.

THE baggage shall not bée transported from one place to another without great necessitie, because one towne maye not bée more ouercharged then another. And when they shall retourne to the place where they were appointed, they shall yéelde account of their receiuing, to the intent that no Souldyer loyter behinde from one day to another, as ma­ny times they vse to doe, which is a greate disorder, and the only fault lyeth in the officers that ought to haue care thereof.

¶How poore husbandmen ought not to bee op­pressed. Cap. 14.

[Page] AFter the whole companie are lodged, the officers appointed ought in the night sea­son to goe from house to house to knowe and vnderstande of the behauiour of the Souldiers, to this effect, that the inhabi­taunts be not molested or disquieted by theyr companie, requiring impertinent, vnlawful, or more then is néedfull at theyr hosts handes. This charge doth onely apperteine to the Ensigne bearer and Sergeaunt of the band. And the Captaine ought to haue regard to admonish those Officers to looke to their charge, and sée that it be obserued.

¶How the watch must be set, and the manner how to remoue the Scout. Cap. 15.

EVery night watch must bée kept as the cōpanie procéed on theyr iourney, because when they happen to come amonge eni­mies, they shalbée better willing through theyr former experience and practise, and also how they may knowe to appoint theyr scout, & the same to chaunge at their houres, in such sort that those which are of the first watch, maye call the second at his time, and the second the third, vnto the fourth, one giuing aduise to another with the watch word, that the Sergeaunt shall giue them, kéeping the same in great secrecie, but the watch word the Sergeant must haue at the mouth of the Captaine, or his Liefe­tenaunt in his absence. In the Summer season they vse to diuide the watch into thrée partes of the night, and in the winter into fowre. But this order is reserued vn­to him that hath the whole charge.

¶How the watch must be chosen. Cap. 16.

[Page 5] ONe Watch must call another, as hath bene already declared, so that the Sarge­ant may not be ouer troubled with that charge, at the least not being in place of daunger of enimies. Yet neuerthelesse, he is not to be excused from often visi­ting of the Watch, by meane whereof, he may haue bet­ter vnderstanding to know such Souldiers, as hée may best trust in time of necessitie. In the morning the bodie of the Gard or Watch shall come abroad with sound of Drum, by order accustomed, if there be no cause to the contrarie.

¶How the Watch must be charged or set, and where they meete or repaire together. Cap. 17.

THe Watch must be charged at the En­signe, & ioyne together at the dore, wher the Cabo de Squadra lieth, that hath the charge or lot to watch that night. And if it happen to be the Captaines Squa­dron, then shall the Watch méete at the Sargeants lodging. Sometimes the Ensigne bearer en­tereth into his lot of watching: But it is no ordinarye thing, because it is the office of the Sergeant.

¶How lodging ought to be demaun­ded. Cap. 18.

THe Harbinger in prouiding of the alodg­ment for the cōpanie, ought to ioine with the Ruler & other Officers of the Citie or Towne, where the Armie shoulde bée lodged, & to demaund of them the bookes of Subsidie or other taskes paide by the Communaltie of that place, to the intent, that euery in­habitant [Page] or husbandman may supply according to theyr abilitie, and not to burden the poore, and let the rich escape frée.

¶How the Frutes, Vines, and Orchardes, ought to be kept from the spoiling of the souldiers. Cap. 19.

WHen it shoulde happen a companye to march, néere vnto any place, where are Vines, Orchards, or any kinde of fruits, wherein Souldiers might doe any hurte: The Captain or Ensigne bearer ought to be aduertised of such place or places, before their departure from their alodgment: because before the company come to that place they stay all together, & then to march ioyntly together, and that a Cabo de Squadra with certaine Souldiers be sent before, to gard the place where hurt might be. For if this order were not, great spoyle would be made by vnruly persons in poore mens ground.

How euerie Souldier ought to content himselfe, with the lodging that is allotted for him. Cap. 20.

WHen the company is lodged in any place wher they passe, proclamation must be made, how the Captaine commaundeth on great penal­tie, that no Souldier presume to abuse by a­ny meanes his Hoste, Hostesse or Familye, and that they content themselues with such things, as shall be giuen them, without constraining or compelling them to any more. And that it is the Captaines will, that if any man can iustly complaine of any Souldier of that companie, he maye safely come to the Captaine to [Page 6] complaine, & they shall be heard, & the offender punished.

This order must be obserued, when one companye or many marcheth by themselues.

¶How a discord shoulde bee pacified, if anye happen betweene a company of souldiers, and the Townes men. Cap. 21.

WHen any Towne chance to fall at strife, with a company of Souldiers that are lodged in their Towne, and the discord chaunce to grow about or for want of lodging, which oftentimes doeth happen, the Captaine ought to proclaime, that all his Souldiers foorthwith repaire to his Ensigne, whether they be armed or vnarmed, vpon good consideration there to attend and doe the thing that shall be necessarye and conuenient, to the seruice of their Prince, and in this sort to pacifie their contention with great foresight, con­sidering that all such alterations are against the Princes seruice, and being gathered and come together, they shall retire by the Captaines commaundement to the place that vnto him shall séeme conuenient, for their greater quietnesse and pacification. For otherwise the broile would not be ended, without great hurt of both parties.

¶Of the order that ought to be obserued, to such effect that the companies maye be alwaies prepared in a readinesse to make a squadron, and where both Pike men and Hargubusiers ought to be placed. cap. 22.

ARmour and weapon being deliuered to each souldier of a company, whether it be at going on shipboord, or otherwise wher they shalbe receiued. To euery company shalbe appointed one part of Hargubu­siers, and two of Pike men, and if [Page] there be any want, it shall appeare by the generall mu­ster and copie of the number of them, and being founde not equall in order, the Hargubusiers that were more then néede, must be taken and placed where the want is, and the lyke among the Pike men. This account ought euerie Captaine to obserue among his companye, so that in this wise they shall be to most purpose in seruice. And euen so the Generall ought to giue commaundement to the Campe masters in theyr stéede, to whom the charge doth appertaine in thirdes.

¶Of the companies of Hargubusires which shall bee needfull in euerye third. Cap. 23.

IN an hoast or armie that is to be ordei­ned, the companies ought to bée diuided into thirds, because they may vnderstand to what partie they may repaire, and in euery tierce or third, there should be two companies of hargubusires, besides those which are resited for a third, of the companies of Pike­men, the which shall serue in diuerse sortes, as somtimes [...]o runne the fielde, and other whiles to take victualles from the enimie, also to defend or kéepe passages, as brid­ges, or riuers, kéeping them to theyr vse and fafetie: also to Skirmish, giue Camisada, lye in Ambush, to kéepe watch in the day season, at the Gates of Cities, or other places that ought to bée garded, and for all manner of seruice néedfull, which is not conueniet to the companies of Pikemen, nor yet may not be serued of them, as well for mountaines, straight passages, and other difficult pla­ces, because Piks are troublesome and cannot be in such places so manuable, as spéede and agilitie requireth, as Hargubusiers, who may enter into Squadron alwaias, not hauing other seruice wherein to be employed.

Of the wayes and manner that some hath writ to ordeine a Squadron. Cap. 24.

SOme Captaines and men experimen­ted in the warres haue written sundrye wayes differing one from another in or­deyning a Squadron. And after the or­deining thereof, they haue not liked the stile, or found the same profitable. As for example, some vse Triangle wise, some Crosse wise, and some in a round or ring, the which most men cannot bring to passe except the number were few, likewise they cannot march or auaile themselues, but onely being firme, for if they would otherwise march, of force they must goe out of order, according as they haue written, and I my selfe haue séene by the authours of them.

How they may be ordered touching their weapons. Cap. 25.

THere is some wayes to ordeine a Squa­dron in square, which is, when it doth concerne one sort of weaponne, which then must march in rowe, when the En­signes commeth to the Artillerie, or to the place which shoulde bée assigned to them in order, according to the number of the rowe, and the disposition of the place or ground, where they should ioyne with the Souldiers, being few or many that eache Ensigne hath, or each Captaine had gathered together, without any delay of the Ensigne bearer. They ought to haue such souldiers in their companie that should be di­ligent at all times to attend and repaire to the Ensigne, [Page 8] for to goe vnto such place as they shall be commaunded to repaire vnto. And as the souldiers come gathering to­gether to their Ensignes, then shall they procéed on row, so many on a rowe, as their account or reckoning doth specifie. The chiefe sergeant according to his number of soldiers which he hath, at which instant it is not to haue regard to whō the vangard doth apperteine, neither maine battell, or reregard of euery terme nor companie. For at the time of necessitie they cannot be ordeined to assigne, or giue that which vnto euerye third or companye doth count the same day. In this forme or manner none shalbe agréeued, because the thing may not otherwise be done by reason of the damage or disorder that might ensue, in the delay, so that in the same manner as they go ioyning to­gether, euen in the same forme, they shall go ordaining the rowes, and hauing time, there shall be giuen to each tierce or company, that which perteineth vnto them, ei­ther of vangard, maine battell, or reregard. The enimies not being so nigh, y^t the order may be kept as is declared.

The manner how the Tudescos ordeined their Quadrant. Cap. 26.

THe nation or people called Tudescos vsed to ordeine their manner of Quadrant as followeth. As they went gathering toge­their Ensignes according to the number which should be set in order, vnderstan­ding how many perteined to a rank, but whilest the ranke was not equall according to the num­ber, they abide in forme of a bow, which doth signifie that the ranks are not furnished. And this foresight or account had the first men that came to the Ensigne, & when the ranks were repleat or full, they staide: & euen in y^e same manner, the residue or others that came afterward to fur­nish their Quadrant, vntill they were fully repleate.

[Page]But this séemeth not vnto me a good stile or vse, be­cause the trust was reposed in the order of the first that ioined together, without consideration whether they wer men expert, or no: notwithstanding the ordeining of a Quadrant ought to bée done by the officers, which for that purpose should be appointed, for otherwise it should be a disorder.

Of the difficultie that is in the foresayd manner of order. Cap. 27.

THere is another manner of ordayning in the number of fiue or, seauen, more or lesse, which is, that they must go dub­ling the rankes in this wise. That is to saye, to place the second rowe in the first of the Vangarde, and the fourth in the seconde place, and the sixt in the third, and in this sort to ordaine all the rest, til the number be finished. And doub­ling once, must redouble againe, vntill the number bée equall, to make a Quadrant according to the account of number that is kept of the infanterie or footmen.

The Ensignes and Drumme players shall goe at or in the ranke, that the number requireth, which héereaf­ter shall more plainely bée declared according, and of the manner, as néede shall require, where the same shall be ordeined.

But when occasion shall serue to double and redou­ble the ranks, as often as the number is conuenient, there is found two inconueniences.

The one is, for to double a ranke, they go diuiding, lea­uing a great and voide place or spaces betwéene the one ranke and the other, so that they should run with spéed to reach vnto the ranke that marcheth, into the which they should enter.

[Page 9]And in this wise if at that instant they should be en­countered, they goe in great daunger to be lost, because they goe wandering out of order. Besides this, there is another inconuenience in the manner of ordaining in doubling and redoubling, which bringeth the number vn­to order. And forsomuch, that this thing may be vnder­stood, it is on this sorte. That if a number of Souldiers amount to 400. being ordained by fiue and fiue, doub­ling the rankes once, from the second to the first,, & from the fourth to the third, till the number be finished, re­maining 10. in a ranke, so that in this lyttle number of 400. men, is to be vnderstood the like in a greater num­ber. But redoubling againe which is the second order, and shall remaine by 20. and 20. for front side and reregarde, which for the number of 400. is well ordained, because there doth remayne by 20. and 20. for Front side and Reregarde. But if the Souldiers were 300. in number, this should not be a good way of ordenaunce, for if they deale but onely once in ranke it shall remaine euill or­dained, because the Front shall be too little, and the sides ouer large, and euen so being redoubled, it shall be grea­ter in front then large in quantitie, and so shall remayne euill ordered.

And if the Souldiours were 600. it shoulde be the like, but to ordaine of this sort, the number ought to bée equall to come vnto reason. And not being equall, shuld be to ordaine of an euil stile, beside the spaces which shuld be made, as hath bene declared.

¶Of the account or care, that the chiefe Sergeant ought to haue, that the thing maye bee well ordeyned. Cap. 28.

[...] [Page] of the Battaile, the Pikes of the Companies of the Van­gard, and after the bare Pikes of the companies of the Vangard, the Pikes of the Companies of the Battayle, And after the Pikes of the companies of the battayle, must follow the Pikes of the Companies of the Rere­gard, and after the Pikes of the Reregard must followe the Corselets of the Companies of the Reregard. And in this sort shall be giuen to euery Company, or companyes the Vangarde, Battaile or Reregard, when their turne falleth.

¶Of the order that doth appertaine to the com­panie or companies of Vangarde, Battaile, or Reregard. Cap. 32.

VNto the Tierces or Companies of Van­gard, Battaile or Reregard, doth apper­taine to haue consideration, that to those that were one daye of the Vangard doth belong the next daye the Reregard, and vnto them that were of the Reregarde this daye, to morrow doth appertaine the Battaile, and in this sort shall they march from daye to daye, or in ma­king Squadron, so that in this wise no tierce shall be a­grauiated. And the selfe same order that y^e Sergeant Ma­ior shall kéepe in all the Tierces, which by him shall be ordained, the other Sergeants shall kéepe among theyr Companye perticularly. For when they shall ordayne, they may knowe the place, that vnto each Companye doth appertaine, either of Vangard or Battaile.

¶How it is not a thing vnmeete, for the footmen to march in Tierces. Cap. 33.

[Page 11] SOme will say that it is a great incoueni­ence to march in tierces, of whom squa­drons are to be made in place where the [...]nimie is at hande: because it should ap­peare that they goe out of order, forso­much that euerie Squadron, that should be, goeth in tierce and not full, wherefore if in case the contraries should come and finde them out of order. Cer­teinly by this meane coulde not come anie preiudice or hurt, but rather profit. For if the contrarie commeth in Squadron, they cannot so soone ouertake the infanterye called Footmen, which go in tierces, because they haue no place to ordeine them. And if he would ouertake & make hast, yet shall they stray out of order, & comming in such sort, any of the tierces may resist them and put them to the disorder, although the Squadron be not formed. And he that were in such sort set vpon, might thinke himselfe happie.

Of the manner and order, and in what place the Ensigne shall goe. Cap. 34.

BVt now returning to y^e purpose, to make an end to ordeine our Squadron after the last manner. The Ensigne should bée placed in the first tierce of the Pikes on this wise, if they be .45. on a ranke, y^e En­signes goe in the 15. ranke, and the same order shall be kept both in the great and small number.

Before the tierces ioyne, euery Sergeant shall place his Ensigne, according to the account perticular, so that they may all fall in ranke after the Squadron is ordeined.

Of the manner how euery Tierce should be ordei­ned by it selfe. Cap. 35.

[Page] IF euerie tierce should be made a Squa­dron, and also béeing disposed to make of foot men two or thrée Squadrons. Then each shoulde be ordained by himselfe by the same order y^t they may go according to the reckoning a fore sayde to make a Squadron diuiding them before they ioyne in tierces.

And if of the whole number a Squadron should bée made, alone ought euerie tierce to come in order, on this wise, wating thrée partes of the foot men side wise, & [...]o [...]e part of the third, forefront, taking out the Hargu­bus [...]ers of euery tierce, for to place thē again at their due time, so that this order ought to be kept as well in great number as in smal, so that the ioyning of the tierces may be equall both by sides and reregard, and in this s [...]ete al­though they goe marching [...], or abide firme or still in a place, if they should be disposed to forme the Quadrant. Then shall the tierce of the vangard stay, and the tierce of the battell shall march on the one side, and the tierce of the reregard on the other side, and in this wise shal re­maine ordenied. And the Ensignes shall bée placed in one of the ranks, according to the reckoning as hath ben de­clared, in much or little quantitie of Souldiers. But it shall be necessarie that when the tierce of the Vangard stayeth, and the tierce of the battell marcheth on the one side, and the reregard on the other side with the Serge­ant maior, and minors vnto whom that daye the order doth belong. That then the Captaines which shall bee found in the vangard as the tearces doth approch, they shall goe ordeining the first ranks as they come & ioyne them with this of the vangard which are already in or­der. And the Sergeant or Sergeant maiors shall stande néere to the ranke where the Ensignes are placed, to haue speciall care that there passe no more ranks of the tier­ces then those which were appointed in the tierce of the [Page 12] vangard. And likewise they shall cause to stay the residue that commeth, as vnto the acceant doth apperteine.

In the first ranke which standeth behind the Ensignes they shall march eache in order without excéeding the one, nor wanting the other, for if any ranke should sober or want of those which ought to passe of the Ensignes vntill the vangard, the errour should be euill to mend, be­cause those of that tierce should returne backe againe, re­tiring to séeke the rank in the which each shuld reforme. And likewise should remaine perticularly some officers in the reregard, and shuld put in order the last ranks of that tierce, causing euery one to abide in the place which to him or them belongeth.

Of the order which ought to be obserued if any Souldiers sobre at the ioyning of the rankes. Cap. 36.

IF at the ioyning of the cohorts cōmon­ly called companies of foote men, there sober some Souldiers of the tierces, so that they may not march equall, conside­ring that it is ordinary to sover in one ranke or other. Then the Sergeant ma­ior with diligence, if among such be a ranke, with spéed shall put them in order and they amount to more then one ranke he shall doe the like, and if there be not inough to make a ranke, he shall place, one, two, or m [...] souldiers in the ranks that vnto him shall séeme conuenient, where most néed shall require, vntill they be all placed, and so shall they be well ordeined. But this must be done before the Squadron be garnished of Hargubusiers.

¶The order how the Hargubusiers shall issue out from among the Pikemen, before they begin to ordeine. Cap. 37.

[Page] BEfore the tierce of Pike men begin to be set in order, the Sergeant maior of euery Tierce shall command each tierce that should be ordeined by it selfe. That all the Hargubuseirs issue out from a­mong the Pikemen round about them, by that part where most space shall be found, after the Captaine or Captains of Hargubuseirs, which vnto each apperteyneth. The which Captaines with the Hargubu­seirs of their companye, and with the rest that were of the companyes of Pikemen that shoulde be ordeined in­to squadron. They shall march following their Captains in order by thrêe or fiue in ranke, according to the num­ber that is among them. And in the meane while that the Hargubuseirs doth march and giue a turne, the Sergeant shall ordeine by their Tierce the Pikemen, by the ac­count in eache ranke that the Sergeant maior hath appointed. And hauing ioyned the Tierces as is decla­red, the Hargubuseirs shall enter Front vnto Front of the Squadron by the least side, and so shall giue a turne by the reregard, following alwayes after theyr Captaine or Captaines, and so shall procéede and march on vnto the Vangard of the right side. So that in this sort the Squadron shall remaine garnished by both sides and reregard in good order.

¶How the Hargubusiers shall be diuided if they be not needfull in the rere­gard. Cap. 35.

[Page 13] HAuing no néede of Hargubusiers for the Reregard, the number may be employed in this wise: If the company be ordai­ned by fiue in Ranke, vnto them and each ranke maye bée added two, so that the Ranke be vij. and if they be dispo­sed that all the Hargubusiers remaine ouerplus, which did belong to the Reregard, then the Hargubusiers shall goe in the first order, and the ouerplus may haue the be­nefit by diuiding into the place, where best occasion ser­ueth, and also in placing them where they déeme or think the Enimie to come, or at the least to discouer with them the want of Horsemen, or to discouer an ambush.

¶How the Ensignes of the Campe Maisters, shall march. Cap. 39.

THe Ensignes of the Campe Maisters, which were in the tierce or Tierces, shal march in this order: If there be but one alone, in one onely Tierce, he shall goe at the point of the right hand, & if there were two Tierces of two Campe Mai­sters, the one shall goe on the right hande, and the other on the left hand, because they are places of most honour, and most daunger. And if the Squadron were great, the halfe of the Ensignes shall goe on the right side, and the other on the left side, chaunging euery daye by the order that hath bene declared, in the many or few that were, & so doing, there shall be no diuision at the time of orday­ning, and none shall be aggrauated.

¶How the baggage or carriage shall march in time of enimies, and how they shall march when there is no daunger. Cap. 40.

MArching, the Squadron or Squadrons ordained, the baggage shall goe by the Tierces on this wise. If the Enimie chaunce to come on the Vangarde, the Baggage shall goe in the Reregarde of euery Tierce, vnto whom it doth apper­taine, and a company of Hargabusiers, shall attende for their garde, or two companies, if the baggage belong to two tierces, the which shall march in sight of the tier­ces of Reregard.

And if the Enimie happen to come on the Reregard, the baggage shall passe to the Vangard with their garde or company of Hargubusiers, in such order that they may succour when néede requireth, not departing or seuering from the Vangard or Reregard, whereas they were ap­pointed to goe. And hauing no enimies, they shall go be­twéen y^e tierce or tierces of the battaile and the reregard. This order shall be in marching, and shall be done ac­cording to the disposition of the Countrey wheras they march, and the manner thereof.

¶How a Squadron should be inlarged or short­ned after the ordaining thereof. Cap. 41.

IF a Squadron should be made greater be­ing of a greater number then héere is or­dained, hauing more footemen, and also to be made of greater side then front through the disposition of the place, the Rankes of each tierce shall diminish in lesse num­ber, that they may come iust to the account that hath ben [Page 14] declared to be ordained in the first perfection.

And if there should come as many mee footmen, and to ioyne all in one, the Hargubusiers should be taken out of the one part, & the footmen put in order, that shal enter into the third part of souldiers that the Squadron hath in Ranke, making therof two companies, the one shal joine to the one side, and the other companye shall enter into the Reregard, crossing from the one poynt to the other. The which shall haue moe rankes then the first confor­mitie that the number hath in as many as were in rank ordained, and doing so they shall remaine in the same per­fection, and according to the reckoning that was first ap­poynted.

If the halfe of those which were ordayned come to succour, then shall they put in Ranke the first parte of such as are in Squadron, and so shall they come well or­dained, and in the same forme, as they were at the first. And y^e Cohorts being put with the Pikemen as hath ben declared, the Hargubusiers that come to succour shall be gathered with those that were first put in order, and shall then retourne to round the Squadron, increasing or de­creasing in the order that they shuld enter, by the account and number that the one haue of the other.

¶How the Squadron beeing so ordained on all partes maye make both Vangard and Rere­gard. Cap. 42.

NOw the squadron being ordained, by the forme and account alredy specified, of the sides may be made vangard, & of the van­gard & reregard, right side, and left side, and on what side so euer that they shuld bée sette on, they maye make Fronte [Page] of Vangard, they may also march, set on, breake, or re­tire, onely it shall be néedfull to chaunge the Ensignes on that side where the Vangarde is planted for to be com­mitted to the account of the Rankes which were first. And this is, because it may not be vnderstood, if a Squa­dron should come to assault on any side, that they shoulde goe round about for to turne to the Vangard, considering there is no necessitie of other thing, but for the footemen to turne their face to the part where they should bée en­countered, or set vpon, or would encounter, and shall re­maine ordained with the same force as it was at the be­ginning, sithens the order abideth on the same manner. But to goe round about should be a great disorder.

¶How few in number should be set in order a­gainst many. Cap. 43.

IF the Enimies were moe then the Squa­dron which should breake with them, so manye souldiers shoulde be ordained in Ranke as they may get, so that they may not girdle them in front on the part of the sides, for the vantage should be much, and the daunger greater, considering, y^t the fortune or waight of the matter dependeth in the first fiue or sixe Rankes, & if it happen the Enemie séeing so great a Front in the Squadron which he helde for so small, they would ima­gine that some succour or ayde were come, which should be an occasion somewhat to discourage them hauing iud­ged them for many lesse, then those that the order did ma­nifest.

¶How vigilant care is to bee had, in giuing the onset, whether the Souldiers are willing or vnwilling. Cap. 44.

[Page 15] IT is necessarie, that a battayle hauing order to be giuen, the Souldiers shew­ing themselues either willing or time­rous, and without hope to obteine vic­torie, the which in their countenaunce or apperaunce may appeare, after that they are set in order. This foresight or knowledge doth appertaine to the generall of the Hoast, and campe mai­sters, which were knowne to be most expert, and to giue great charge vnto the Sergeants maiors, that they maye sée and consider what they ought to do, according to their knowledge.

And the waight of the matter béeing found not in­conuenient tearme for the purpose. The giuing of bat­tayle ought to bée excused, béeing in his hand at that in­stant which was appointed. And dooing so it shall bée well done, either to giue them present pay, or else to pro­mise it them, and to content and please them in all their desire.

But if of force the battaile must be giuen. Then it shall bée néedfull to encourage them, and to giue them to vnderstand, that the victory is certeine and sure on their side, trusting vnder God in their strength and valour, representing vnto them the lyke things and successes that hath happened in lyke sorte, and this must bée de­clared vnto them according to the wisdome and courage of him that hath the charge to gouerne them.

Of the manner that the Hargubusiers should issue out of the Squadron to skirmish. Cap. 45.

[Page] IF the Hargubusiers shuld come to skir­mish béeing in the Squadron, it shall be on this wise. The one sléeue or wing of the one side, on that part where they shall giue the onset, or else be set vppon shall begin to discharge the shot, hauing eare the one to the other, kéeping time in the discharge as shall appeare most néedfull, and before the shot make an ende the Captaine or Sergeant which was appoin­ted for that purpose shall regather his companie. And then shall issue out the sléeue or wing on the other side, to receiue those that retyreth without hurt, to haue them prepared in readinesse for the skirmishe, and when those that issued out first haue retired, then shall the second go out to doe y^e like, and then the third in order, staieng one for the other. So that whilest the one shotte, the other should retire, & in this order they shall be able to main­teine themselues with continuall shot vntil they be com­manded otherwise all in good order.

Of the order how to put a sunder or vndoe a Squadron that should be lodged. Cap. 46.

A Squadron hauing no néede to remaine in forme, & béeing in tearme to be lod­ged, according as time giueth place, they shall come out in this wise. The Cap­taines of the Hargubusiers shal march by the same order as they entered in, or their Liefetenaunt in their stéede, following them all the Hargubusiers, and then euerye tierce by himselfe, their Ensignes ioyne together, as in the same tierce was ordeined, accounting them their Souldiers which apper­teine vnto them. And then shall euery Ensigne stande [Page 16] aside in his due place, and the souldiers of euery compa­nie to follow their Ensigne, and euen in the same or­der shall the Hargubusiers follow their Ensignes, after that they are out of the Squadron, and then to take theyr lodging, according to the appointment of the order of the Officers.

How it is needfull to haue account among the Pike-men & Hargubusiers to make a Squa­dron. Cap. 47.

HEere before hath béene declared the order how to plant a Squadron to march well ordained, and the difficultie to ordaine. Now it is néedfull according to the num­ber of Hargubusiers or Pike-men that in euery of the Squadrons should be or­deined, to haue account of the number that were, of how many commeth in ranke, from the number of 500. foote­men with Pikes, vnto the number of 3000. and the har­gubusiers that were néedfull for that number to be gir­ded to the sides and reregard as before hath bene decla­red, hauing one tierce of Hargubusiers and two of pike­men, some more or lesse according to the order as is declared, who shal not let to enter into the number of the reckoning that goeth before, considering that they may reach to the mo, and to the lesse, and may not want many, nor yet sober by the third part specified. The com­panies being referred vnto them.

In this order the Sergeant Maior shall set them in order, and the Captaine commaund the same order to be obserued, or his Lieutenant, and so shall they come well ordayned according to the Squadron.

And the lyke as well in the former number as in the rest must be obserued, and by the same order the Squa­dron may be roome both by sides and reregard.

In this number of Pike men & Hargubusiers which in the reason & account hath ben declared, and comming iust therewith the thing should be perfect, & the squadron wel ordeined. But although ther wer foūd more or lesse in smal quantity, they disturb not y^e order, nor yet therfore shall it let to be of purpose for to serue. And because by these rules it may be the better vnderstood, & the Serge­ant maior thereof auaile himselfe, ioyning the number to the nighest.

How the victuals should be distributed. Cap. 50.

IN an hoast or armie although they bée of sundrie nations, béeing in campe & in necessitie to be prouided with victualls of the Princes puruaiour general, or of such person or persons as for that pur­pose were appointed, this order ought to be obserued, proclamation generall must be made, to the intent that all the officers vnto whome doth apperteine the charge to prouide for each nation, repaire to the place of distribution. And euerye nation hauing receiued his due part, proclamation must likewise be made among each nation, that the same prouision may be equallye di­stributed to the tierce of euery campe maister, and to all other tierces by their companies, and of the companies by the Cabos de squadras, the number being knowne that euery of them hath, and from them to each perticu­lar companie called a messe or Camasada.

The lyke order must be obserued in all kinde of pro­uision that shoulde be diuided being necessarye for the warres, as well of Biskuit, salt meates, Chéese, Wine, & fish, as also of all other kinde of victuals y^t were appoin­ted to be distributed, and in the same manner, Gunne­powder, Lead, Pellets, Baskets, shouells, Pikes, Pike-axes, and other necessaryes for the seruice of the Prince, that doth apperteine méet and conuenient to such a iour­ney: prouided alwayes, that the first distribution ought to bée amonge the forreine Nations, by the Tierces of euerye Nation, and of the Tierces for the Com­panyes, and from the Companyes by the Squa­dronnes, and by the Squadronnes to the Messes, [Page] and by them to euery souldier, giuing alwaies the aduan­tages to the Captaines, Ensigne bearers, and other offi­cers and souldiers to whom it were due.

I doe well vnderstand that if it were not to such as were affectioned to the exercise of armes, this small trea­tise would giue but small delyght, but rather will reiect it as a thing vnprofitable, hauing no respect but onely to their pastime. But I for my part cannot giue vnto them any other aduise, but onely such as I haue learned in this art. And if the stile of procéeding shall séeme rude vnto them, yet I pray them to dissemble it. For our office is more to giue order how to worke with weapon, and to ordeine infanterie or footemen, then eloquently to write with pen: yet there are wittes I doe knowe which want not eloquence in speaking lyke Oratours, and ex­cellent courage in fight like souldiers. The works of the which as well past as present are manifest for their per­petuall memorie, without necessitie of other phrase more then their publike fame hath proclaimed.

And if any errour haue escaped in this treatise touch­ing the Art héerein specified, I heartely praye vnto him that vnderstandeth it to aduertise me thereof, and I shall be alwayes readie to amend the same, considering that we sée mans wit and iudgement how often and sun­drie times it doth erre, & also how there is no­thing in this lyfe so perfect and pure, but that some defect may bée put thereto.