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The Compoſition or making of the moſte excellent and pre
Alſo the third book of Galen of curing of pricks and wounds of Sinowes.
A method for curing of vvounds in the ioynts, and the maner how to place them.
A breef gathering togither of certain er
Faithfully gathered and tranſlated into Engliſh by George Baker Chirurgian. 1574.
But none more famouſe the
What should be the cauſe that this one Citie should leſse fear the force of Alexander then
Such is the ſtrength that the obſeruatio
Which example (right Ho
Yet doo I not wright theſe thi
In the meane time among in
But in the meane time till I shall be able of myne owne knowledge to ad ſome thing to the perfectio
Which woork although it a
Thus beſeeching your ho
THere are two inſtruments aſwel in Surgery as in all other Arts whereby a man is directed to the ſcope or purpoſe which he intendeth, namely reaſon and experience.
Reaſon is occupyed about method, and method as Galen in the firſt book De methode medendi teacheth, is a contra
By this diſcription of method: ye may ſée plainly and diſtinctly the vſe and ne
Experience alſo wherof Galen ſpeaGalen his ſecond book, De ſimplicium medicamentorium facultatibus. cap. x. they ſhould learn better what appertaiGalen wit
Such was the method of Theſſalus before Galens time, and ſuch is the metParacelſus in our time, but what
e raſh method of Theſſalus: is by Galen in ſundry places deParacelliſtes both learned Eraſtus and Deſenius with others doo witneſſe by their writings and dayly experience it ſelf te
And although the common practizers doo by their experience hele many diſeaGalen ſaith in the ſame firſt Book of his method they theGalen him ſelf defineth it, and that neither art nor ſcience conſiſteth in particularities: it muſt néeds folow ye naked experience maketh no art. And then for aſmuch as thoſe which be healed are healed either by art or by chaunce, then it muſt néeds folowe that thoſe which cure by experiGalen to await the pleaſure of Fortune.
Thus maiſt thou loouing Reader per
So far dooth the one of theſe differ froHipocrates. Age re foeliciter eſt agere prudenter et agere infoeliciter eſt agere imprudenter, to be happy is to be ſkilful, and to deale vn
I haue therfore for looue I bere to my facultie, which I wiſh void of infamy, and for the harty deſire I bere to the pro
And as Ariſtotle requireth in PhiloVt exempla ſunt non chaerilia ſed homerica, that is, not to folowe the practiſe of bunglers or the vnſkilful ſort, but to learne at the beſt learned.
Then for aſmuch as Galen by the Iudgement of the learned of all nations hath excelled all other that haue writen in Phiſick but cheefely in his method: I thought good to tranſlate into our natiue
And thus beſéeching God to bleſſe the handy woork of ſuche as faithfully and charitably deale in the affaires of ye ſick and diſeaſed: I reſt to trouble thée any longer from the reading bothe of the compoſition of the moſte pretious Oil called Oleum Magiſtrale: and alſo of Galen him ſelf.
IN the Realme of Spain there inhabyMoriſcus, of the which nation this Oyl was firſt praAffricans, of the which nation there are a great number in Granado and Arogan, and as yet they folow the orders of the Turks, bothe in their meats, appae ſaid Spaniards: yet neuertheleſſe it hath béene wel prooued and ſéen by experience that they haue had more knowledge then the ſaid Spa
In this ſaid nation, there was one naAparice, the which about the yéere
Madrid a town ſituated in Caſtille la neufeue, 12 legues from Tolleta, at the which place the court is moſt commonly kept: where he did think beſt to be for his profit, and there did begin to practiſe the art of Chirurgery and to cure Wounds, Contuſions, Hargubuſh ſhot, Canckers, pain of ye Rains, Apoſtumes, Hemorhoids, olde Vlcers, pain of the gout, and indifferently all maner of di
In ſo much that he was eſtéemed of all men, aſwel for the excellency of his art: as alſo for his great curteſy whiche he ſhewed vnto them.
Yet neuertheles as we ſée that ſcience and vertue is neuer peaceable (although
Aparice) began to be at great ſtrife with him, and ſuAlcaldes, which are the Iudges of the aforeſaid town, ſaying that he did them great iniury & wrong in medling with the art of the which he had no knowledge, which art did per
Vpon whoſe impriſonment: certain gentlemeAparice, béeing ſo honeſt and vpright in his dea
Whervpon they made with one con
Yet neuertheleſſe many diſeaſed per
The which at length was diſcloſed vnto the Chirurgians of the town, and immediatly after they made their comAparice had doon contrary to ye order yt was made
And when he vnderſtood the iuſt cauſe and that whiche the ſaid Aparice did, was by the vertue of a ſimple Oyl: he was deſirous to knowe the compoſition of it. The which the ſaid Aparice (what for the gréef of his wrongful impriſon
When the King perceiued that hee could not obtain it: he offred vnto him (in conſideratioAparice refuſed, ſaying that he did holde him ſelf better conte
So that immediatly folowing the ſaid Aparice (béeing very ſore hat his foreſaid ſicknes, and partly for the gréef that he took of his wrongfull impriſon
Neuertheleſſe the ſaid Aparice ha
Immediatly after the death of the ſaid Aparice, the king beeing very ſory be
At his laſt impriſonment, he féeling him ſelf not like to liue becauſe of his di
But as in the end all things come to light, ſhe (for to get her owne lyuing and her poor Childrens) began to entere ſame Oyl that her huſband had made.
Not wtſtanding ye people (perceiued that it laſted very long & that it could not be choſen but that ſhe muſt haue the receit) offred vnto her for the compoſition ther
For the cauſe of the which ſharp ane which menes (what with the councell of her freends and neceſſitie conſtrayning her) ſhe of
And they to prooue whether it were the ſame or no: applyed it to many diſeaMagiſtrale, eſtéeming it to be the beſt and moſte pretious among all o
So that when they had iuſtly approoued that it was the very ſame ſecret that her huſband left vnto her: they deliuered vnto her the fiue hundred Duckets whi
Then by the commandement of the King: the Phiſitions and Chirurgians
Mitigatiue or appeaſer of pain, and is a very good ſecret neceſſary tobe kno
And as for my parte: I would it were aſwell knowen and experimented in this Realme as it is there. Therfore for the good wil and affection the whiche I bere towardes my countrey (to the which I am bound to ſerue to the vtter
And now chauncing with the Co
FIrſt you shall take a quarte of the beſt and oldeſt white wine yt may be gotten, Oil Olif of the oldeſt iij. pound then put therto theſe floures & herbs folowing, to wit. The floures and leaues of Hipericon half a l. Cardus benedictus, a quarValerian a quarter of a l. of the leaſt Sage a quarter of a l. of euery one of theſe you ſhall take the leaues & flow
After you haue thus doon: take it from the fire and ſtrain it, and to the ſtrayVenice Turpentine, then boile it again vpon a ſoft fire the ſpace of a quarter of an houOlibanum v. vnces, Mirrah iij. vnces. Sanguis draconis. one
Mirrah be diſſolued, then take it of and let it ſtand til it be colde, then put it into a glaſſe Bottle and ſet it viij. or x. dayes in the Sun and keep it to your vſe.
FIrſt the hurted and afflicted par
Yet neuertheles if he be a body filled with humours, and giuen to a Feuer or any other inconuenience: he muſt vſe his meats and drincks with diſcretion, and if he drinck any wine it muſt be deAparice did neuer forbid any kindes of meats to his patients which they were accuſtomed to vſe in their helth.
Secondly, if the wound be great: the patient ought to kéep his bed, if he cannot kéep his bed: yet at the leaſt he muſt kéep his Chamber without taking any ayre which might anoy him.
Thirdly, hee muſt kéep an order in his lying, that is to ſay, he may not al
Fourthly, he muſt indure the Oil as
t it would bring great inconueniences vnto him, and not for the time of his healing: but alſo xx. dayes after, and principally if the wound were great.
TO prepare the wound before the ap
THe ſaid Oil, the more older it is: the better it is
IT is neceſſarye that if the wound come by any bitings or brooſings: that he be dreſſed twiſe a day, and like
That is to ſay, in winter at viij. of the clock in the morning, and at thrée of the clock at night. And in Summer at ix. of the clock in the morning, and at iiij. at night, becauſe they be the moſte co
THe wounds & diſeaſes doo differ, for ſome are olde & ſome are new, ſome in one parte and ſome in an other, as in the hed, armes or legs, and other pla
FIrſt for wounds of the hed, you ſhall ſhaue away the heare ij. or iij. fin
And then ſtay the blood with lint or tow beeing dipt in the ſaid Oyle, with the which you ſhall fil the wound, and vpon that apply a linnen cloth ij. or thrée doue firſt dreſſing: the prepared wine ought not to bee vſed for feare of cauſing the flux of blood.
Alſo you ſhal note that if the wound be very great, or in a daungerous place, by the which meanes there might enſue a flux of blood: you ſhall dreſſe it but once a day at the firſt and ſecond dreſſing, and from that time foreward, at euery dre
Then afterwarde you ſhall fill the wound with Oyle and couer it with lint ſtéeped in the ſame, and vpon that again apply a linne
And then vpon that again lay an other cloth moiſtened in the ſaid Wine and wrung as aforeſaid.
This is the particuler order of all ma
TAke of the ſaid Oile Magiſtrale, Venis Turpentine and new Wax, of eche like quantitie, ſet it on the fire in a little pan, alwaies ſtirring it the ſpace of a quarter of an houre. Then take it from the fire and let it cool, and whe
And when you ſhall haue occaſion ſo vſe it: it wil ſerue bothe for the Vnguent, and the Implaiſter. You ſhall apply the
FOr wounds of the head, you muſt haue a good conſideration whether it were doon with ſtone, ſtaffe or fall, or ſuch other like accidents which are come veſſels or breking of the bones) it would be a great offence to the brain.
Wherfore to auoide ſuch inconueni
IF the wound be in any of the legs, and the muſcles or ſinewye partes, béeing cut ouerthwart: it muſt be ſtiched according to the bignes of the woue bone: you ſhal place him in his due order after the beſt maner. Then you ſhall waſh the wound bothe within and without with the ſaid wine, & if you fear any accidents whiche might happen by th'offence of the wout the ſaid wine. As if it be in ye arme, from the ſhoulder to the fingers ends, & if it be in the thigh: down to the ends of the toes. Afterwards anoint the whole member with the ſaid Oile & ſay round about it a linnee ſaid Oil, & vpt another double cloth beeing ſteeped in ye aforſaid wine & wrung. And thet it be neither to ſtraight nor to ſlack, & as for ye reſt of ye cure: you ſhall finiſh it in ſuch order as hath been ſhewed before in the woue hed, but if it chau
FIrſt it is neceſſary to ſtay the flux of blood as before hath béene ſaid in wounds of the hed, then waſh the woue body: you ſhall tye ye tent with a threed leſt it ſhould ſlip into the body and ſo anoy the Patient. And alſo day by day as occaſion ſhall ſerue to ſhor
IN what part of the body ſoeuer ther chaunce any Apoſtume or ſwelling whether that it wil come to matter or ret it reſolue: apply the ſayd Oile and wine vntil ſuch time as it be whole. And if it come to ſuppuration: you ſhall vſe it as before hath béen taught.
YOu ſhall waſh them with the fore
FIrſt you ſhall anoint all the whole greeued place with the ſaid Oil, then apply linnen clothes vpon that, béeing ſteped in ſcalding water, and wrung very hard. This doon thrée or foure times: ſhall ceaſe the pain.
IF the Canker be not opened: the waſhing with the ſaid Wine, and the pledgets ſtéeped in the ſaid Oil and applyed wil cauſe him to ope
YOu ſhall anoint the Raines very wel with the ſaid Oil from the ridge of the back to the belly, then vpon that apply a linnen cloth béeing ſteped in ſée
YOu ſhall firſt cut the lips of the Vl
GAlen (the father and light of Phiſick) ſéeNerues or Sinewes: thought it neceſſary (in this his third Book of the compoſition of mee
Nerues or Sinewye partes, which cure before Galenes time was much a
So that there was none that had the perfect cure therof, for at the beginning: they vſed conglutinatiue and knitting medicins,Cataplaſmus
Hedraelaeum, that is to ſay Oil and wa
Neuertheleſſe it dooth not followe that at all times drying & cooling things ought tobe vſed, becauſe that the colde is an enemy to the Sinewes,Hippocrates teſtifieth, wherfore there muſt be vſed drying things tempered with mode rate heat, or at the leaſt more declyning to heat then to colde, which ought tobe of a ſuttle and percing ſubſtance, for heate alone dooth not ingender putrifaction, ex
And after theſe things béeing well conſidered: there muſt be diligent re
Theſe medicens that are héer reherSuccus cerenaeus,
Succus medicus, Sagapenum of the Eaſt Euphorbium of the Weſt, and the iuce of Tithimales. Of minerals or medicens which are found in the Earth, ſome be very ſutAphromtru ̄ id eſt Nitri ſpuma, the frothy parte of Nitrum, which eaſely wil diſſolue or be melted in water. Like wiſe theſe are ſuttle, Nitrum beronicum and Aſia Petra, the floure of which among all earthly medicens is the moſt ſuttle. Of metalls Lorpin and Sulphur be both ſuttle and hot. After theſe Miſy, verdigrece and Chalcitis a mineralls of Lime, the which be very hot and ſome
Therfore in the compounding of ſuche ſuttle medicamentꝭ: we commonly burn or at the leaſt waſh and ſuch like to mitiChalcitis. And next to this are placed Spodium, Pompholix, Pſoicum & Chriſocolla, medicens of ſutSuccus laurinus and Cedrinus, that is to ſay the iuce of Bayes and Cedre. NeuerBay is not ſo ſuttle as the Cedre. And of the like qualities and kindes is the licour or water of Lixiuii whiche the Greeks call Stacta, and yet Oile of Cedron is of a greater and more excelLixiuii be made of ſuttle things moſte fine
Is of a wilde Figge trée, whiche the Greeks call Erineon, and of Tithimales burnt. The beſt of ye ſaid Tithimales is yt which the Gréeks call Characias, which is the male & the greateſt moouer. The Corne which the Greeks call Sitera that is to ſay Whete, and Eruus or Orobus is the moſte ſuttleleſt, conſidering that they haue no great facultie to heate.
You ſhall vnderſtand that the moſte parte of Simples whiche are ſuttle and fine are hot. And thoſe which are of gro
Yet for all that ſome colde Simples haue a ſharp qualitie with ſuttle ſub
Therfore it is neceſſary to haue good knoweledge in the nature and qualitye of ſimples,
The parfit knoweledge of Simples is in thrée thinges, that is to ſay, of plants, of metalles, and of liuing things, and it is not ſufficient to ſée them once or twiſe:e more ſubiect tobe corrupted.
So then it is neceſſary to knowe the nature and facultye of Simples whiche is amply ſhewed in many good Bookes and eſpecially by Galen in his Booke of Simples.
I finde a certain hiſtory in the foree reader. Vpon a certain time there was brought to Galen a childe, hauing a cot the whole ioint began to puGalen applyed to the putrified parte a Cataplaſme or Pultiſe, made with Barly mele & wax, & fomeLixiuii rouEuphorbium, by the which meanes
Euphorbium, for the Sinewes and tendones
Afterwards the ſaid Childes finger began to putrifie more and more, and he began to féel pain and gréef vpwarde in the whole places. Then Galen in the place of Barly mele: ye tenth day, did vſe the mele of Orobus wt the ſaid Lixiuii, or Stacta wherewith the Patient bee bruſed place, a certain Neruous or knotty ſubſtance muche like vnto a great tendone ye which was redy to fall, & after béeing half rotteNerues, Membrana as defenſatiues, not only throughout the inſide of the ha
Then after that Galene had taken away that which was putrified from the ſaid brooſe: the corde was very ſound and clene, & then he vſed Troſis diſſolued in Sapa, & applyed it in ye foreſaid Neruous parte, & made particuler vnction again and in like maner vſed the Pultis, and the anointing with Euphorbium as aCicatriſing or ſkinning.
And when he did ſee there was inEpigoni, which the Gréeks call Iſis. The whiche
Rec. of wax, drachmas 150. Tereben thinae, drachm. 200, Seui vitulini, drachmas. 50. Galbani, drachmas 24. Manne thuris, drachmas 24. Salis amoniaci, drachmas 12. Aeris vſti, drachmas 12. Aloes, drachmas. 12. Squame aeris, drachmas 24. Alluminis rotundi, drachmas 24. Alum plu ̄, drachmas 8, Chalchitis drachmas. 8. Miſeos. draehmas 8. Apopenex, drachmas 8. Erui, drachmas 6. Ammoniaci, drachmas. 6. Mineii rubi, drachmas 6. A ceti, drachmas, 3. Olei hemi. 2. conſequently when Galene had thus vſed it: theſicatriſatiſes and for the outwarde parte he applyed Euphorbium mingled with Wax & Roſin in forme of an Emplai
Nerues, did vſe Liquid me
But in ſuch ſort that the colde vertue of the Vinagre was without offence, ne
As for the vſe of water: it muſt bée in
e Vlcer. Therfore when it dooth chaut there remaineth any clutt Oil.
And for an example: Galen reciteth an hiſtory of one which beeing hurt,e wouGalen béeing called after that he did ſée the pain that the Patient was in: made fomenEuphorbium and Caſtorum, and by this meanes the paine was eaſed, and after that he had ſlept: all the accidents did ceaſe.
Therfore it is very profitable to ap
And if it be in the Winter: the pati
Alſo you ſhall kéep in memory that in this maner of cure, colde Oile & aſtrinEuphorbium or Vinagre, or other ſuch proper mediGalen dooth teach to take in their rowme, Propolis beeing very new, liTithimall, with newe Leuen, or Propolis liquified in Oile with Leuen, diſſolued in very ſharp Vi
The Floures that are tobe vſed to make Pultaſis or Cataplaſemus of:Farina, Fabaru ̄, Orobi, id eſt erui Lolii. Ciceris vel Lupinorum, Amarorum polenta, made of Barly with Oximel, theſe Cataplaſmus bée not onely good in boiſterous people: but alſo to all others, whether there be any inflamation or no.
For lack of theſe aforeſaid medicins you may vſe theſe Cataplaſmus folowPropolis beeing new, Liquid and fat, and apply it vpon the wound, ſomtime with Leuen alone and ſomtimes with bothe, & ſomtimes with mele of Orobis and Leuen, but the LePropolis muſt be new. If it be olde: you muſt ſoften it with Oile by the fire, or in the Sun, or els you may vſe the iuce of Tithimales mingled with Leuen or Oxelam, the Vinagre muſt be very ſharp wherwith the Oxelam is made.
Theſe be medicens which may ſoon be had in a redines for lack of others,Galen did vſe in wouNerues. By this you ſhall note then that the medicins whiche be applyed in wounds of Nerues, in what maner ſo eEuphorbium and olde Oile, in the fourme of a Liquid cerat is very good and proper.
And with the ſaid medicin Galen did heale one which was hurt in a tendone, within the ſpace of foure dayes.
Then there was one yt ſeeing the good
Euphorbium and Oile) thought to take an examEuphorbium wherof did folowe greate heat and pain with corroſion in the VlGalene to remedy it, the whiche by fomentation of Oil and Vinagre did appeaſe the pain and diminiſh the acciEuphorbium
t wil looſe his heat very ſoon, which is eaſy (by the coulour) tobe knowen. For if it be new: it is of an aſſhie couloure. But if it be olde: it is of a pale or yelowe colour, & for that cauſe it is very dry, & wil hardly be diſſole mingling it doth drink vp the Oile incontinent, where
Euphorbium is one of the Simples
Truely when it is olde, it is not of an Aſſhye coulour as it is when it is new, but it dooth decline toward a pale or yeEuphorbiu ̄
dooth keep his vertue longer then Tapſia, for Tapſia in i. yeer loſeth his ſtreEuphorbiu ̄
if he be good when he is new, yt is to ſay if he be hot & burning as safore ſaid: he wil laſt thrée yéeres, ſom
For whiche cauſe Galen did vſe ofEuphorbium was of fiue or ſix yéeres of age. So that the vſe of the Euphorbium cannot be comprehended by waight, for when it is new: ye muſt put twiſe ſo much Oile, and three times ſo much Wax, and if it be olde, the more Oile ſhalbe put to it and the leſſe Wax.
Wherfore if you will make the forLiquid cerat:
For to make Emplaſtrum Carotodes.
That is to ſay a Cerat or Ciroene, you ſhall take of the beſt wax, liquid it in Oile, then ad to the vi. parte of Euphorbium, and temper it, as aforeſaid, or els as foloweth.
Rec. Euphorbium, drachmas. 1. wax, drach. 6. Oile, drach. 5. or 6. And for beCerats, Pich or Roſin,Fricta, and others Colophonia. After the ſame kinde dooth folow, that which is brought in erthen pots, which is vnclarified, and when it is clarified: it is like the fore naFricta.
There is an other kinde which is calPityinon phiſema, that is to ſay German Pich which is more dryer then the other two aforſaid, the which Galen did iudge not tobe vſed in this cure becauſe of his vncleenes but did vſe the (aforeFricta.
Ther be diuers kindes of theſe (as before hath been ſaid) of the which ſome wil remain more liquid theStrobolina and Abiotina, and of theſe two, the hotteſt is Strobolina, and next vn
As for the Roſin of Cipres I doo not reGalene neuer durſt nor would vſe it in any Plaiſters to be applyed to Narues, becauſe it is aſtringant. The bStrobolina and Abietina (as before hath been ſaid) are hotter.
The whiche Turpentine Galene did vſe by experiments, the great vtilliNerues: witneſſes alſo therunto Dioſcorides and Anabarzeus.
And when you wil haue the Cerat ve
The Emplaiſter which Galen did vſe.
YOu ſhall take of Turpentine, and put therto thrée times ſo much wax. Then ad to them the xij. parte of Euphorbium, if you knowe not whether the Euphorbiu ̄
be exactly hot or no: you muſt prooue when the medicine is made by this meanes, that is, ye ſhall ſtrike a little of it vpon a linnen cloth, and apply it vpon the thigh or arme, and there let it remain for a certain time, and if you perceiue that it dooth ſomewhat warme: then is the midicine temperat, and if it doo cauſe no maner of ſenſible heat,t the medicine is eiEuphorbium, for the confection of theſe kindes of medicins, the Propolis is ye beſt and moſt conueni
Therfore you ſhall note that in tene medicins ought not tobe ſo ſtrong, as in ſtrong & boiſtee Cerat which is mingled with olde Oile is very conueFermentum, that is to ſay Leuen, is very good ſo it be olde, for the older it is the better, be cauſe it dooth bothe reſolue and attract more then new, moreouer Sulphur Viuum is very good in theſe afore ſaid comTetrapharmacū. Alſo Aphronitrum may be vſed and Beronictum litrum, ſo that it be not grauely, which may alſo be minTetrapharmacum.
Arſenicum wich is called in the AtArenicum, beeing mingled with Tetrapharmacu ̄
is profitable, and for lack of theſe you ſhall vſe Sandaracha as of Lime quenched and vnquenched,
Now then to haue the perfit knoweNerues,
e ſtitching of them, leſt
Now we wil return to the matter, in wouNerues you muſt not make fomentation with hot water, as the PhiGalenes time did: nor yet vſe Cataplaſmus made wt wheat meal, and boyled with Hidrelaeum, for Galen made onely fomentation with Oile, and the medicines aforſaid, by which menes he healed many. And béeing but of the age of xxviij. yeeres, at whiche time hée came from Alexandrin into his owe conNerues:
Vpon a time (among others) there was a certain Captain af war, the whiGalen did not dout to ſtich it in the muſe muſcles, and there were others whiche would ſtich the fleſhey parts of the muſcles, but they were of the vpper parte of the wou
Wherfore when there did chaunce a
Therfore they which be ignorant in the Anothomy, doo fear to ſtich the memGalen beeAbdomen, which the Prince Auicenna calleth Mirac, for in yt place they be very tender and ſuttle, as the membranes be in all points, except it be in the ſtraight muſcles.
By this it appéereth that the iij parte of Phiſick which the gréeks call Chirurgia that is to ſay, the which is exerciſed by handy operation. Pharmaceutice, that is to ſay by medicines as to ye
Apothecary. Diaitetice, by regiment of the life, haue néed one of the other: wherfore he whi
After that he firſt hath had the perfet knoweledge of the Theorick, that is to ſay ſpeculatiue, in the whiche is taught
But the abſterſiues, as Aeris ſquama, & others are profitable. And this muſt be noted yt all metalls are partly of a groce and terrene ſubſta
Ther be ſome of the ſaid metalls that
Chalcitis, miſy and ſuch like, but others may be beaAeris Squama and ſuch others. And this you ſhall note, that Chalcitis & Erugo if they be burnt: they haue leſſe ſharpnes in the
The Paſtils or Trocis of Andronis Poluidas and Pacion, be right excellent and conueniable in wounds of Sinews, ſo that they be diſſolued in Sapa as they ought.
Sapa is made of Muſt,
Wine, but the ſaid Muſt ought to be made of ſwéet Rayſons, and not of ſower, which are Abſterſiues and of the latter running of the Tub, the whiche wine muſt be boyled vnto the conſumpNerues which lye bare. But when you vſe them, you ſhall take that kinde of Polidas, for they be moſte teme kindes of Paſtils ought not
e midicine ought to be compoun
Rec. Aeris ſquama parte. 3. Miſyos crudi partes. 2. Chalciteos cruda parte 1. Cerae parte. 12. At the beginning when Galene prepared this medicament: hée did put to it Arſenicon, and after that when he ſawe that it was ſuperfluous: he left it out.
Rec. Miſyos combuſti, Chalcitidis vſti ana, parte, 1. Aeris ſquamae partes. 4. Cerae, parte, 18.
Medicin for mean complectio ̄s whiche Galen did often vſe.
Rec. Miſyos vſti. Chalcities vſtae, Erugini vſtae ana, parte, 1. Aeris ſquamae part, 3. Cerae, part. 5.
For to make theſe medicines, the quantitie of the Oile ought to exceed the quantitie of the Wax,Sauen, that is to ſay, of a ſuttle ſubſtance, and not aſtrinHomotribes, is neither good nor conueni
After that the metalles haue béene wel beaten long time with Vinagre: you ſhall ad to of Thus, but it muſt be white and good, then again you ſhall beat it with the metalls, before yt you ad to the Cerot, but the quantitie of ye
Thus ſhalThus.
And if you wil haue the medicin more ſharper: you ſhall not put to the halfe of Thus in the forſaid medicine. It is expet the Wax and Oil, neuertheleſſe you ought to conſider, that if you doo put to it Strobolina, that ye medicin wilbe more ſtronTerebenthine: the medicin wilbe more ſofter and meane in ſharpnes, and if you wil haue it betwéen bothe: you ſhall put to it Abietine or Beniamin larix,
Terebenthine, to them that knowe it not, nor can diſcerne the one from the other.
Yet not withſtanding there is great difference which may be eaſely kowen by the taſte and by the ſharp ſmel which he hath more then Terebenthine, neuer
Wherfore if you wil make your mediGalbanum ſoThus according as need dooth require. For when you put to aſmuch Galbanum as Thus: the medicament is the gentiller, and when you will haue it more ſtronGalbanum, and ſometimes the leſſer waight or quantitie, as if there be iiij. dragmes of Thus, and iiij. drams of Galbanum:
drams of Galbanum: the medicine wilbe ſomewhat ſtronger. Wherfore in ſenſible and tender bodyes or Cacochime it is expedient to haue the mediGalbanum. Then when you wil make your medicine tobe applyed to the Nerue béeing bare or diſcouered: you ſhall not put in ſo much Galbanum for fear of cauſing pain, for the Sinews béeing bare may not abide any ſtrong medicine.
Among the ſimples, Vinagre is ſharp and very painful, and for that cauſe Oil
Galbanum, and for lack of Galbanum: you may take ſuch greaces that are of fine & ſuttle ſubſta
Likewiſe of flying foules, as of wilde Ducks and ſuch other like,
When you wil haue your medicin of the thicknes of a Cerot: theCerot ſhalbe proffitable for many purpoſes, and is called Diaſteaton, that is to ſay made with Talow and greace.
Euphorbium, and after what ſorte it wil keep, & how in time he looſeth his ſtreEuphorbium, and is made as foloweth.
Rec. Euphorbii, parte, 1. Cerae partes 3. Olei, partes, 4.
To the compoſition of this medicine the wax ought tobe triple, that is to ſay, iij. times ſo much in reſpect as of the Euphorbium and the Oile the fourth part, but the Euphorbium muſt be new and good. The vſe of this medicine is profitaNerues,
t the woue medicin, for if it be to weke ye quaEuphorbiu ̄
may be augmented, ſomtimes there may be added to the half of Euphorbium, & ſomEuphorbiu ̄
be olde, for it muſt be according to the ſtrength of the patiEroſion,
e ſaid prick haue any inflamation.
Therfore for to chuſe apt and conueEuphorbium, the whiche is more ſtronger then the other. If there be v. times ſo muche Wax: the coAcopa,
Cerot: you ſhall put to double of Oile to the Wax and if the Wax be dry: you ſhall put to of Oile ij. partes and a half, whiche is to ſay, for one pound of Wax, ij. pound and a half of Oile. And if you wil make it plaiſter wiſe: there muſt be added as much Wax as Oil, namely if the weaTerebenthine or in ſted Colophonia, and if you doo ad aſmuch of it as of Wax: the Pich dooth make the conſiſtance of the Cerot, and note, that which is moſte liquideſt: is the beſt, euen in like ſorte as of the RoTerebenthine: it ſhall ſuffiſe to put in the third parte, in reſpect of the Wax.
When Galen did compound any meCerots then Roſin or Pitch. And more Galene dooth account Terebenthine aCerots.
THeſe Simples which folowe are liCerots and Plaiſters be made, and may
The ſimples, which are theſe that foLadanum and Senum, that is to ſay, Talowe, and Galbanum, whiche muſt be prepared in a double veſſel coBalneum Mariae, whiche is aſmuch to ſay, in putt wil aſwel diſſolue without fire as with fire, in moiſt things as Gutta Ammoniaci, ye licour of Sagapeni, Panacis, Cerapion and Oppoponax.
Rec. Oppoponacis, Galbani, Terebenthine, Propolis, ana parte. 1
You ought to take good héed tbat your Propolis be neither dry nor olde, but for lack of the other: you may put in ſuch as may be gotten, but it muſt be double in waight and the other Simples muſt be new and liquid.
Rec. Aſeti ſexta 1. Picis. 1, pound. Oppoponacis 4. vnces, the Pitch muſt be boyled with the Vinagre. Et fiat.
Nerues, and for biting of mad Dogs, and principally for a wound made by any venemous beaſt, by the re
And if the ſaid diſeaſes, doo chaunce in tender and delicate people, as womeAmaricum and Oppobalſamum.
Then afterwards with Irinum and Comagenum, and in ſted of theſe Suſinum and Ciprinum, or if theſe be not to be had: you ſhall take Oil. Or if it be in Alexandria, you ſhall take Oleum recinum and Rhaphaninum, for ſurely there is abundance of this aforeſaid in Alexandria, & alſo through all Egipt. But there is not tobe found Oleum ſinapinum but with great diſicultie, the which Oile if it be put in the afore ſaid medicament: there is no dout but that it will be much more
Nerues, and if you haue no Oppoponax to make the ſaid medicin withall: you may take Sagapenum diſPropolis, or ſome greaces,
Or els theſe greaces folowing béeing very olde, of a Bul or of a Gote. And this is to be noted, that the older the greaces be: the more ſharper, and namely the greace of a Hog the whiche is more ſoft and moiſt then all the aforeſaid. And of the like nature is Wine and Vinagre and Mary, but of all Maryes: the beſt is the mary of a Hart, or of a Calf. Of theſe aforeſaid medicines Galene dooth counNerues, wherwith he had good ſucceſſe.
FOr becauſe that Pigions dung is ſharp: it muſt be vſed in the ſtead of Euphorbium, neuertheleſſe it is of a more ſuttle ſubſtance theEuphorbium, wherfore it is more conuenieGalen ſome
Nerues, for whiGalen right wiſely hath taught the way to compouNerues with hearbes in ſtead of the mettalls aforeſaid.
Firſt the ſaid Galen did compound
Nerues of thoſe herbes which were of a ſuttle ſubſtance,Dictamus, Amaracus, and Malus terrae whiche is Ariſtolochiae, moreouer he did make ſome in the which he did put in Marou amaricum, which is Margerum, Polium argemonae, whiche is called Aigrimony, Chamapitis id eſt vina artetica centaurium Radicis omnium, Ariſtolochiarum, Draconculi, Ficus agreſtis, Brionia, Althea, Iridis, Acori mei, Aſari phoud eſt Valeriana, Gentiana and Panacis. All the which herbes and roots afore named Galen hath written and declared in his Books of Simples. And this you ſhall note, that becauſe they haue a bitteriſh taſt without abſterſion or immoderate ſharpnes: they are coNerues, and how they ought tobe vſed marke this that foloweth.
Firſt they muſt be dryed, then ſtamNerues, which dooth require the moſte ſuttle and fineſt that may be, (as before hath béen ſaid) then after that theſe hearbes and Rootes be finely pouEuphorbium.
t they be but ſeldom vſed, yet neuertheleſſe it fortuneth ſomtimes, that if you haue a great number of mediGalen maketh mention of a veGalens hands, and after that he perceiGalen
Galen did giue to him the foreſaid receipt. But when he had the compoſition: he ſaid go thy waies and giue thy receipt to beggers, and let me haue an other more coſtlyer and of richer Simples.
And alſo at a nother time when hée could not heale a Childe that had a cerGalen, and afGalen vſed.
Then conſidering that he had ſéen maNerues and other places, and hauing their fingers cut with putrifaction, and ſome of them haue dyed, and others laGalene did dreſſe dyed, nor were in daunger of death, but that ſpéedyly did help them: he demaunded the receipt of ſame maner of ſumptuous or odorifferous Vnguent for wounds of Nerues,
Galene did giue to him many receipts faithfully diſNerues, for the which he gaue Galen great prayſe, and gaue him moſte harty thanks for giGalen with a preſent, the receipts which he gaue him were theſe that folow.
Rec. Cinamomi, Dictamni, Mary, ana drach. 40.
Certainly theſe Simples are odoriAmaracum, becauſe it had not a good ſmel, alſo at Rome it was very hard to be found, as of Marum. You muſt beat theſe Simples very fine and ſerce them as before hath béen ſaid, and then temCerot made of very good Oppobalſame, and Tyrrhenique Wax, which Cerot is made of viij. parts of Wax, and x. parts of Oppobalſame.
Rec. Cerae, parte. 8. Oppobalſame, parter. 10. ad to of the beſt Turpentine parte 1. the Terebenthine is added to in the end, and if you wil haue the mediMirrh.
Where the Nerues were bare Galen did vſe the Cerot which the Gréeks call Mirepſice, & the VnguentsRomains call Vnguentum ſpicatum, and Phuliatum, in adding to the xij. part of Pompholigoes waſhed, which muſt be prepared with Terrhenique, Wax, and burnt Nardus in a double veſſell, which is vulgarly called Balneum mariae, and all Vnguents ought tobe prepa
In punctures of Nerues the moſte ſharpeſt medicines are moſte conueniAmomum. ſpicanardi, and Folium Malabathri.
THere was none before Galens time which did write the reaſon and maNerues, ne
Rec. Cerae. 6, vnces. Olei. vnces. 9. Myſeos. vnces. 6. Chalcitidis. drach. 1. Aeris ſquama. vnces 2. and a half. Thuris half an vnce. Galbani 1. vnce.
The Simples which may be liquiGalbanum after that they be reſolued: you ſhall mix them with the mettalls. firſt béeing beaten very fine with ſtrong Vinagre. Galene neuer knew the AuAſclepiades Apothecary, nor in Petron, nor in Andromacus. Albeit that the ancient Phiſitions did compound good medicins.
The whiche is good as Aſclepiades dooth write for wounds in Nerues and Muſcles, contuſions and gallings, and for any member béeing broken, there may be made with it alſo Collires, for diſeaſes of the eyes, and is a good reme
Rec, Argenti ſpuma, Alius. 18 Cerae ana drach 144 Ammoniaci drach. 72. Terebenthine drach. 36. La
12. Aeris ſquamme, Thuris, Ariſtolochiae ana drach, 8. Olei ricini hemi. 3.
The maner to prepare it is thus. Firſt you ſhall boil the Oile and the Litarge togither, afAmmoniacum. Note that this medicineNerues: for becauſe it is aſtringant. Neuertheleſſe it may be vſed where the Nerues and tendones be diſcouered. And if there be any inflaRecinum chamamelium
Oleum radicis,
and Panacis, but the Ariſtolochia and Panacis ar more ſtrong then the others.
Rec. Argenti ſpumae, Cerae ana drach 160. Ammoniaci, drach. 80. Propoleos drach 40.
Rec. Argenti ſpumae, Cerae ana. drach 100,Terebenthinae, Mannae, Thuris, Galbani, Minii Cinoptici, ana drach. 8 Olei ſexta. 1.
This implaiſterNerues, and for Vlcers of the eyes, whiche bee hard to cicatrice. And to reſolue all hardTrigon Thalaſſia, and in Latin Paſtinaca Marina, Aſclepiades dooth write that it is onely for wounds, & maketh no mentiNerues although it wil ſerue in bothe.
Rec. Argenti ſpumae, minam. 1. which is 160. drach. Picis aride drach. 160, Seue vitulinae dra. 160. Reſine Terebenthine drach. 80. Manne thuris drach. 80. Cerae drach. 40. Eruginis oppoponacis, Galbani ana drach 8. Olei ricini hemi 1. Aceti hemi. 1. Licorice cicamini hemi, 1. Picis liquid, ciath. 3.
The manner to boil this Vnguent is thus. Firſt you ſhall boile the Litarge and the Oile togither, then ad to the Calues greace, and after that the Manna and the Thuris, let them be ſtirred continually til they be incorporated, theGalbanum, Eruge and Oppoponax, diſſolued in Vinagre, then ye ſhall take the licour of Cicamini, and the liquid Pich, and boil them in another veſſel, and when they bee melted togi
Then you ſhall let it ſtepe in white Wine the ſpace of iij. dayes, after you may ſtrike it vpon a linnen cloth to vſe as an Emplaiſter.
This EmplaiſterNerues, for a Fracture with a wound and with coRhagadies, for Tumours of the Throte called of the greeks, Bronchocilas, to be bréef this is a right excellent medi
THe cauſe of ſolution of continuitie the whole and ſound partes in Nerueus places, may chaunce diuers waies, that is to ſay, by contuNerue or Sinew, Membrane or Caule, and others according to ye bredth with great inciſion, and ſome meane or leſſer, of the which hurts theſe accidentꝭ may folow.
As pain, vehement fluxion, inflamaSinope, AGangrena, and mortification of the whole parte, and ofte
Moreouer it is to bee vnderſtanded, that when the Nerues or Tendones bee but half or little cut, the wound is more daungerous, then if they were cut quite a ſunder.
Perioſten, pericranium and membranes, or becauſe that the portion or parte that is cut doth drawe him ſelf to his beginning, which cauſeth conuultions and Cramps, but when they be wholly cut: there foloweth no accidents. Inſomuch that they haue no contrarietie when they retire, the which is manifeſtly ſeen in the woundꝭ of the head, for where the Pericranium is but half cut: the accidents are more vehement then when it is wholly cut, as we may dayly ſée by example, when we make inciſion to apply the Traepan.
And amongſt all the hurtes of the Nerues, the prickings bringeth moſte pernicious and terrible accidents, by reNerues and Tendons, and dooth cauſe them to ſwel,
FOr the curation, there are two things to be conſidered, that is to ſay, to appeaſe the pain, and to defend the parte afflicted from fluxions and AAquauitae wel rectified, or Euphorbium and Sulpher poudred and incorporated togither, and applyed very warme, or els Oile of Vitroel and Aqua vite, and round about the place this Cataplaſma folowing.
Rec. Farine hord. & orrob. ana vnces 2. Sirup. acetoſi, vnces 3. Flor. Camomil
Lixiuii qui ſufficien. fiat Cataplaſma.
If by this order the paine dooth not ceaſſe, and that there be any contraction of Nerue: you ſhall apply ſpeedily hot ſeeCauterization: you ſhall ceaſſe the pain, by reaſon of the burning of the Oile, the Nerues or Tendons dooth looſe their ſenſible feeling.
THe wounds of the ioynts are for the moſte parte mortall by reaſon of their deneruations or Tendones and membranes, with the which is mingled Nerues, for the which cauſe they haue greater feeling, for the Nerues beeing mingled with them: cauſeth more pain, which pain bringeth this aforeſaid accie wriſts or in the hammes, or groynes. By reaſon of the great Vaines, Arteryes and Nerues whiche are in thoſe partes, and by the
For the ordering of the whiche: you muſt perſeuer according to the nature of the ſaid accidents, in ſtaying the flux of blood and appeaſing the pain aſmuch as you can poſſible, and if the wound be great: you ſhall ſtitch it leauing an Ori
Rec. Thuris ſanguinis draco. Boli armenici, terrae ſigil. ana drach 2. Aloes, maſt. ana drach. 1. fiat puluis ſubtilis.
The whiche poulder you ſhall apBol, Maſtick and Barly meale. And if you apply any tent: he muſt be ſhort and not to big, leſt hee ſhould cauſe pain, which tent ſhalbe ap
Alſo if the ſaid wound be little and ſtraight (rather then to fal into theſe afor
Moreouer the afflicted part muſt haue reſt and be kept froCataplaſma folowing.
Rec. Furfuris maciris, farinae hordei, et fabar. ana vnces. 4. Flor. Camomille Melliloti ana half an handful. Terebent. vnces 3 Mellis communis vnces 2. Olei mirh vnces. 1. Oximel ſump. vel Oxicrat, vel Lixiuij. qui ſuff. fiat Cataplaſme ad formam pultis.
Or els this. Rec. the lyes of wine, wheat Bran, Cipres Nuts, Galles and Terebenthine, with this make a Cataplaſma, many ſuche other like may bee made, but this ſhall ſuffiſe.
For thoſe that be applyed on theſe parts muſt reſtrain, dry and corroborate or ſtrengthen the ioints, this dooing you ſhall ceaſſe the pain, and keep the humor from the afflicted parte.
Moreouer, this is to be noted, that neiNerues: by the which meanes it dooth make the place more apt to receiue de
Therfore the medicines (which ought to be vſed in this cauſe) muſt be deſicca
Rec. Terebint. venic. vnces 2. Aqua vitae parum. Pul. aloes. Maſt. mirh, Bol armene ana. 2. ſcrupples. And ſo applyed as need ſhall require, or ſome other good Balme, beeing applied with deſiccatiue poulder, ſo that the poulder be without a
And this is a principall thing to bee looked vnto, that you keep the wound from colde, the which is all togither conHippocrates
e naturall heat, which ſhould bring ſuppuration) and cauſeth the place to be euil colored: with ſhakings, feuers, conuolſions and extenMuſceledge, thin or watriſh humor, which dooth commonCalus.
Now this humor whiche commoe medicins, although they be potentiall hot.
To appeaſe the foreſaid pain, and to correct the intemperature of the colde humor: you ſhall apply warme thinges, not onely potentially: but alſo actually, as a Bullocks bladder béeing half filled with ſome reſolutiue medicin and war
By this actuall heat, nature is hol
For the which cauſe the Methodicall Chirurgian, muſt haue a great reſ
IF the wound be in the fore parte of the ſhoulder:
And if the wound be in the lower parte, then when you ſee that nature beCicatrice be once made: the patient ſhal neuer lift his arme hye, but with great pain.
IF the wound be in the Ioint of the Elbow, you ſhall ſituate the arme in a meane forme, that is to ſay, neither to ſtraight, nor to muche bowing in, for if the arme be healed in a meane forme: the diſeaſed partie ſhall haue the vſe of it a great deale the better, then other
WHen the wound is in the outward or inward parte of the wriſts, or in the ioints of the fingers. The hand and the fingers muſt be ſituated half bowing and you ſhall put within the hand ſome
IF the wound be in the Hip, you ſhall vſe ſuch order that the Os femar. doo not come out of his place, the which may be doon by compreſſours and ligatures, and ſo to place the Patient vpConſolidation.
IF the wound bee in the Ioynt of the Knee, the Leg ſhall not be kept ſtraight out: but a little bowing, for if he remain ſtraight: the Patient ſhall go very il, alſo if it be to much bowing in: it wil be to ſhort.
IF the wound bee in the Ioint of the Foot or Toes: the Patient ſhall keep them out ſtraight, and not cro
THe errors which be vſed at this preſent (touching the Venerian diſſeaſe) are very great, principally at the beginColocinthis, conHamech or ſuch like. And the next day folowing they open a Vain in the right or left Arme (reſpecting not that there may folow a Laſk of their ve
By the whiche meanes they drawe the infectious blood and humors to the no
And ſo by the malitiouſnes of the hu
At the begining of this contagious diſſeaſe: you ſhall firſt begin this curatiLenitiues, which doo bothe coole the boyling rage of the blood: and alſo make it thinner, in mundifying the blood, this muſt be vſed according to the tem
The whiche ſhalbe doon after that the body is prepared, to the end that the ſolutiues may the better work vpon the aforeſaid humors. For in this caſe, nae Apoſtume dooth appéer & if therbe no apoſtume: according to ye diſcree aforeſaid infectie Apoſtume, you ſhall apply contiEbenum & Guaiacum, pre
And although that ſome learned men haue an opinion, that the decoction of
Guaiacum ought tobe vſed without any other medicines, yet neuer the leſſe it hath béen found by experience, that the vſe of other Simples with it, (béeing fit and agréeing to the diſeaſes) hath a great deale more profited, & béen found of better effect then if it had béen mini
Although that Alphonſus Ferrus hath written to the contrary, the which Alphonſus vſeth this decoction of the wood in a manner to all diſſeaſes (whoſe oppiPthiſi. etiam ſi dies placuerit in ſenio Philippi.
Moreouer they haue greatly erred, which haue ſet forth the Radix chim béeGuaiacum: you ſhal vſe of Fraximus, the which openeth obſtru
WHen this diſeaſe hath béen once ta
Moreouer they commit an erroure touching the vnction, for they anoint the hed, the Region of the hart, and other no
Therfore to amend theſe errors (when you ſée that this diſſeaſe is confirmed, and that there are hard Vlcers, hard ſwellings or Nodes) it is the moſte ſuPraecipitatum, or els pledBaſilicon and Preſipitatum mingled togither, this doon: you ſhall take away the corruption of the bone.
And then after that you may ſafely vſe your vnctions made with Axungia Gummes, Mineralls, Oiles and Mercury, alſo if you ad thereto of fine Treacle or Mithridatum, it wil be the better.
You ſhall anoint the ſhoulders, the muſcles of the back, the Loines, ye Hips, the Thighs, the knées, and all the out
But you muſt take very good héede that you touch not the head, the region of the hart, the Stomack, nor the ridge of the Back. Alſo yee muſt haue a good reſpect to ceaſſe your anointing, in
Becauſe that ſo many ignorant Chie patient) I haue thought good to write ij, or thrée woords touching the ordering of the Pa
When the body is prepared of his humors, with apt and méet medicines, aſwel Sirups, Decoctions, purgings, and opening of the Vain according to the diſpoſition of the body: the patient ſhalbe placed in a place naturally hot or els otherwiſe made warme, whiche muſt be frée from all colde, hauing the doores, windowes and other open places cloſely ſtopt, for the colde aire is very hurtful bothe for the Sinewy parts, and alſo for the woorking of medicines, for it wil deminiſh & hinder the actions ther
Wherfore at ye beginning of this cure (if the place be not very cloſe & warme) you ſhall make a Pauilion with Coue
If it bee ſo that the Patients be ſo weke that they cannot abide the heat of the fire, or would be loth to be ſéen naked (as women or maids) you ſhall anoint them lying in their beds. Firſt the pa
IT fortuneth often times, that the wounds pearce the holownes of the breſt, ſo that great quantitie of blood dooth fall down into the bottome of the
Diaphragma,
Diaphragma
Diaphragma, and pu
Wherfore when you ſée that the wound perceth into the Thorax or breſt you ſhal take good aduiſemeDiaphragma, the whiche may bee knowen by the ſtinking of the breath, and by the relation of the Patient, which dooth féele the blood quiuering or ſhaking inward
And note that at the which ſide the blood dooth moſte remaine in lying vpon the ſame ſide: the patient ſhall feel leſſe pain then vpon the other, becauſe that the ſaid blood oppreſſeth the Lungs and the Diaphragma,
e ſignes aboue written, and whilſt that the ſtrength of ye patient is yet remaining: it ſhall bee needful to make way for the ſaid blood to be Euacuated, betwéen the fourth & v. rib, a hand breadth or a little more from the Ridge of the back, and your inciſion knife ſhall be very ſharp, alſo you ſhall doo it by litMeſopleuria or ye muſcles betwéen the ribs, it ought to be doon towarde the lo
After that the inciſion is made: you ſhall let out the corrupted blood by little and little, according to your diſcretion, and it ſhall ſuffiſe to euacuate euery dre
IN the fractures of the Skul: there are committed great errors touchTraepan, prinTrapan, by the which meanes, they preſſe down the ſhiuers of the bone vpDura mater, & rent or tere it in ſuch order that it bringeth great & gréeTraepan, for it is better (if it be poſſible) in this caſe to vſe other inLenticulj or ſuch other like, to make way for the bruſed matter which depreſſeth the Duramater, it ſhalbe ye better & leſſe danTraepan, to the profit of my Patients and my good name and eſti
Moreouer there bee many Ignorant Chirurgians which without conſideraTraepan, vpon all partes of the hed aſwel vpon the comiſtures or ſeames: as other places, whiche is the cauſe of the death of many Patients.
Wherfore they ought to haue a great conſideration, and to be very diligent in this reſpect, and for to vſe their art accor
WHen it chaunceth that any is hurt by the punctures of Nerues, if hee be not ſpéedily holpen by ſome cunning and expert Chirurgian: hee is in great danger to fall into conuolſions, which is the occaſion of many a mans death whiNerues.
For aſmuch as their application dooth moiſteNeruous places and retaineth or kéepeth in the matter whi
Wherfore to auoide this daunger, and to follow the cure methodically: you ſhall haue firſt a regarde to the Euacuation of the body, and if the ſtrength of the patient be good, to vſe Flebetonice Reuolſiue or according to the cauſe of the gréef. Then (to take a way that whiOrofice, to the end that the medicin may the better penetrate to the bottom, and take away the ſharpnes of the huHippiricon prepared in this forme that is to ſay with Venice Turpentine, and for one vnce of the ſaid Oil, you ſhall take half a ſcrupple of Euphorbium, which ſhalbe applyed vePropolis, Gum ammoniack and Wax aſmuch as ſhall ſuffiſe. By this meanes the matter (which is drunk into the Nerues or tendons) ſhal
Alſo for this intent I haue found proEnphorbium of eche like muche, with the xx. parte of Sulpher béeing very finely poudred, with Peroſin and wax as much as ſhall ſuffice to make an Vnguent.
This Vnguent dooth heat moderatly, attract and diſſicate and is of a ſubtil fa
AMong the common Runnees aRuptures) is vſed a great abuſe and to be lamented of any chriſtian hart, for vnder this cure of cutting the Hernyes they doo miſerably take away the ſtone aſwell in the Hernia aquoſa or ventoſa as in all the reſt, the which is vnmanHernies, that before they commit their Children to léeſe their ſtones, and ſome times liues, by any of theſe that bee Runnagates, (for ſo may I wel terme them) that they ſhew them to ſome learned Chirurgian to the end that he may ſée what kinde of Hernies they haue, and ſo to diſcerne the Aquoſa or Ventoſa, from Inteſtinale or Omentales.
For certainly I haue ſéen Hernies in childree
Peretoneu ̄, haue been perfitTeſticle. But ſuch is the couetouſe deſire of theſe Runners whiche make the parents be
Suche is the foliſh fantaſyes of our Engliſh nation that if he bee a StraunRuptures or burſtings and how to knowe euery one of them to the end that if any ChirurgiaRuptures and firſt I wil begin with the deuiſion of them in generall and then perticulerly.
THere be eight kindes of Hernies or Ruptures wherof ſoHernies doo moſte commonly come by the relaxaſioRupture, of the Pretoneu ̄, inſomuch that the Inteſtines and Epiploco ̄
or zirbus dooth looſe their
Enterocele otherwiſe called Hernie Inteſtinale, Epiplocele or Hernie Zirbale, Bubonocele or Hernie Inguinale, the hernies by ſimilitude are wheInteſtines or Zirbus, and of theſe there are v. kindes, the firſt is called Hernie Aqueuſe and of the Gréeks Hidrocele, the ſecond hernie Charneuſe or Sarcocele, the third: Variqueſe, the fourth Venteuſe which is called of ye Gréeks Pneumatocele, ye fifth Humorale, whiche ſhalbe ſpoken of pertitulerly in order, and firſt we wil begin with the proper kindes.
FOr becauſe that the hernie Inteſtinale is the moſte conuenienteſt, I wil ſpeake firſt of it. This kinde is no other then a certain deſcending down of the Inteſtines in Scrotum, the cauſe of the whiche is when the Peretoneum is broken or relaxed in the place wher the Spermatike veſſels doo paſſe, which coInteſtines is deſcended into Scrotum, is when he lyes, they wil eaſely be put vp again without any maner trouble, or may bee reduced the patient ſtanding with ones hands, and in the reduſing you ſhall hear a gurguling or noiſe, & by this you may knowe it from Zirbus becauſe that whezirbus is put vp it makes no noiſe, and alſo it is not ſo painfull: the other ſignes ſhalbe declared when we come to ſpeak of the hernie Zirbale.
When this kinde is not very farre gone, and that it be not complet: the beſt way is to cure it by medicines, aſwel to be taken inwards: as to be applyed with out, that is to ſay with emplaiſters and ſo by conuenient truſſing and boulſteRuptures which are of aſtringat it be not tobe cured by theſe menes: then you muſt come to the laſt remedy which is by cutting, for the executing of the whiche I wiſh all men to chuſe an expert woorkman, and
Teſticle.
HErnie Zirbale whiche the Gréeks doo call Epiplocele, is a nother thing then the falling of zirbus (whiche is a grece that couereth the Guts) into Scrotum the which moſte commonly falles within Didimes, but yet ſoDidimes it falls out, the cauſes aſwel inwarde as outwarde are the ſame which cauſe hernie Inteſtinale, for look how the Peretoneum is brohernie Inteſtinale, and in the reduſing makes no noiſe, this kinde is leſſe dangerous then the others by reaſon that the pain is leſſe and alſo for becauſe that the excrement is not in it as it is in the hernie Inteſtinale.
Now héer is a ſpeciall thing tobe nozirbus whiche is deſcended within Didime without either tying or cautriſing, and ſo there foloweth a flux of blood which hauing no iſſue but is retai
HErnie Inguinale is a deſcending of the Inteſtines or zirbus into the Groynes, which the Latins cal: Inguina, the which ſort dooth neuer go further then the Groin, for when the Inteſtines or zirbus dooth paſſe thorow the Peretoneum: then is it either Inteſtinale or zirbale, for this kinde is nothing but a relaxacion of the Peretoneum. The cauInteſtins is deſcended by noiſe that it wil make, though not commonly: yet moſte oftenneſt as hath béen ſaid of Enterocele, but if it be the zirbus it makes no noiſe, and is much more ſofter and not ſo great pain.
HEertofore we haue ſpoken of thoſe thrée kindes of hernie whiche are properly called, now it remains to ſpeak of the fiue kindes whiche are by ſimiliAquoſe, whiche is no other thing then a certain watriſh tumor of Croton increaheritroides and ye SpermaDartos and heritroides and betwéen Dartos & the Scrotum as many learned men haue writScrotu ̄
doth wax big by little and little and for the moſte parte without pain, and the tuScrotum is filled: it waxes in length and dooth not return as doth the Inteſtinale and zirbale but remaines at one ſtay.
This kinde if that the water, haue long line there and ſo corrupted the Teſticle: it muſt be taken away.
HErnie Charneuſe which ye Gréekꝭ doo cal Sarcocele is a tumor againſt nature in ye
Scrotum which there dooth grow to a certain ſcireuſe fleſh, and dooth much reſemble the Verequeſes or ſwelDideme, and doth alwaies increace with pain béeing vneGuido ſaith that this kinde and Vanqueuſe ar very dangerous.
HErnie Verequeſe is an appéeraTeſticles and other partes contayScrotu ̄. The cauſes ar groſe humors gathered togithers as melanTeſticle or Dideme.
This kinde if it be not very great and far
HErnie Ventoſe is a tumor of the cods increaced of a windines, the cauſe is of the imbeſility or weaknes of the parte, and is knowen by the ſwel
This is to be cured with Carnificatiues as Oleum nucum, Oleum Anethinum, Coſtinum &c. and there may be added to of Séeds and hearbes, as Semen, aniſi, Carui, Faeniculi, Agni caſti, Ruta, Calaminta, Origani. &c.
HErnie Humorale is an Apoſtume contained likwiſe in the cods whiScrotum and Dartos or betwéen heritroydes and Dartos or onely within heritroydes, as for the cauſes, ſignes and curation are
Now that I haue declared the definihernies: it ſhall not be amiſſe to expound in few woords thoſe parts which muſt be opened when any of theſe kindes muſt be cured by hanTeſticles are couered with three Tunicles, the firſt of them takes his oriScrotum or purſſe, the ſecond which takes his origiPeretoneu ̄
and is called Dartos, the third whiche is proper to the ſaid Teſticle and is called Heritroydes, theſe two laſt doo not onely couer the Teſticles but alſo the Spermatike veſſels, aſwell they whiche bring the ſubſtance where with the Sperme is made which are naPreparans: as theEiaculatoires or expelling, the which goes vp to Oſepubis.
HEer gentle Reader I thought good to declare certain waights and meGalens and all other of his woorks to the end that yung Studients in this art ſhould haue none occaſion of let froe olde time of the Greekꝭ & alſo of the Romains and as neer as I can how muche euery one dooth contain according to our meae ſimples: I thought it good to write them in the Latin as they were, for by the ſearching of their engliſh names: the Reader ſhall ve
Firſt Mina which ye Gréeks call Mna, there are of diuers ſortes, for ſome are Romain others Attique, others Egiptienne, others Alexandrine, but Romains is according to Paulus Aegineta and Galens 16. vnces.
The pound according to the Romains is 12. vnces.
The Attique and Egiptienne is .16. vnces.
The vnce whiche is the 12. parte of a pound is 8. Drams.
Deunx is 11. vnces, which are .264. Scrupples, that is, 2. third partes and 1. fourth parte of a pound.
Dextans is the half and the third part of a pound, that is to ſay 10. vnces and 240. Scrupples, Vitruuius in his third Booke ſaith that it is the meaſure of ten Inches.
Dodrans is the half and one quarter of a pound, which is 230. Scrupples, Vitruuius in his Book afore ſaid dooth call Dodrans the meaſure of 12. Inches.
Bis is 2. third partes which is 8. vnces and 240. Scrupples.
Sextunx is 1. half and 1. twelf parte that is 7. vnces and 168. Scrupples.
Selibra is half a pound or Semis, and 144. Scrupples.
Quincunx is 5. vnces.
Triens is the 3. parte of a pound which is 4. vnces and 120. Scrupples.
Quadrans is the 4. parte of a pound which is 3. vnces and 72. Scrupples.
Sextans is the 6. part of a pound whi
Vnſia is to ſay an vnce whiche is 8. Drams.
Semiuncia is half an vnce.
Denarius or Drachma is the 8. parte
Grammata that is xxiiij. let
Scrupple is as it were the beginning of all waights as an introduction and is 2. Oboles, an Oboles is 2. Siliques, and a Silique 2. Chalces, & the Chalces is 8. Graines.
The pound of liquid things as Wine, Oile, and ſuch like, was in Roome meaGalen makes mention in his firſt book Decom. medic. ſecundum genera, in the making of the white plai
Amphora of the Italy meaſure, dooth contain 72. pound of Oile, and of Wine 80, and of Hunny 108. the Hunny is the 4. parte more heuyer then is the wine, and the half more then Oile
The Ceranium is of Wine and Vi
The Vrne is of wine & vinagre 40. l. of Oil 36. l. and of Hunny 60. pound.
The Conge is of Wine and Vinagre 10. pound, of Oil 9. pound, and of Hunny 15. pound.
The Seſtier is of Wine and Vina
The Hemine is of Wine and Vina
The Cotile is of Wine and Vina
The Oxibaphus is of Wine and Vinagre 18. Drams, of Oile 18. Drams, and of Hunny 27. Drams.
The Acetabule is of Wine and Vi
The Ciath is of Wine and Vinagre 12. Drams and 4. Scrupples, of Oile. 18 Drams, and of Hunny 20. Drams.
The Cheme is of wine & Vinagre 3. Drams and one Scrupple and of Oile 3. Drams, and of Hunny 5. Drams.
¶ Note wheras you finde this letter (a) that dooth ſignifie the firſt ſide of the leaf, and this letter (b) the ſecond ſide.
In the firſt page, read (the third Book of Galen of the compoſition of medicines in general). Then in the firſt page of the Epiſtle to the Reader the xij. & xvi. lines, for iudications read (indications).
In the 11. leaf a. the xiij. and xiiij, lines read (drachmas) for drachmas, & (Opoponacis) for Apoponax.
In the 14. leaf a. and the xix, line read (the ſixth he dooth) for he dooth vi. looſe.
In the 26. leaf a. and the vi. line read, (Maron) for Maron. And in ye xij. line of the ſame read (phou ideſt) for phoud eſt
In the 27. leaf a. the xviij. line. red (the childes pareGalen) for, did ſend him to Galen.
In the 30. leaf a the firſt line read (Paps or Breſts) for, Dugs.
In the 31. leaf a. the iiij. and v. line leue out, the whole and ſound partes.
In the 33. leaf b. the xv. line read (Olei mirtiles) for, Olei mirh.
In the 36 leaf a. the iij. line read (bowing for, lowing.
In the 38. leaf a. the xvi. line read (no apoſtume in ye groin: then acording) for Apoſtume: according.
In the 41. leaf a the iiij. line read (qua
Gentle Reader I shall moſt hartely deſire thee that if in the reading this work other faults you finde then heer is noted not rashly to co
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