* * * * HERE BEGYNNYS THE BUKE CALLIT THE BUKE OF THE LAW OF ARMYS THE QUHILK WAS COMPILIT BE A NOTABLE MAN DOCTOUR IN DECREIS CALLIT BONNET PRIOURE OF SALLON THE QUHILK QUHEN IT WAS MAID CALLIT IT THE FLOUR OF BATAILLIS OR THE TREE INTO THE QUHILK BUKE THARE SALBE FOURE PARTIS EFTER AS THE RUBRYIS SCHAWIS THE FIRST PART SALBE OF THE TRIBULACIOUN OF THE KIRK BEFORE THE NATIVITEE OF CRISTE. THE SECUND PARTY SALBE OF THE TRIBULACIOUNS AND DESTRUCTIOUN OF THE FOUR PRINCIPALE REALMES GRETTEST OF THE WARLD ( ETC ). THE THRID SALBE OF BATAILLIS IN GENERALE. THE FERDE OF BATAILLIS IN SPECIALITEE HERE BEGYNNIS THE RUBRYIS OF THE FIRST PARTY ( ETC. ) BE THE QUHILKIS MEN MAY BETTER KNAW THE PROCESS OF THE SAID BUKE AND OF EVERY CHAPTER SPECIALY IN THE FIRST CHAPITER HE SPERIS QUHAT THING IS BATAILL ( J )

THE SECOUND CHAPTER IS QUHARE WAS FIRST FOUNDYN BATAILL ( IJ ) THE THRID IS OF THE TRIBULACIOUNS OF THE KIRK BY PASSIT ( IIJ ) THE FERDE IS OF THE FIRST ANGEL ( IIIJ ) THE FYFT IS OF THE TOTHIR ANGEL ( V ) THE EXPOSICIOUN APON THE TOTHIR PARTY OF THE VISIOUN OF SANCT JOHNE ( VJ ) THE THRID ANGEL ( VIJ ) THE FERDE ANGEL ( VIIJ ) THE FYFT ANGEL ( IX ) AND ZIT SPEKIS HE MARE FURTHERLY OF THE VISIOUN ( X ) * * HERE FOLOWIS THE PROLOUG OF THE SAID BUKE IN TERMIS AS THE FORENAMYT DOCTOUR. BONNET PRIOUR OF SALLON MAID HIS FIRST INTITULACIOUN AND PROHEMIUM AND SYNE EFTER SALL FOLOWE THE PRINCIPALE PARTIES OF THE BUKE FORENAMYT TRANSLATIT BE ME GILBERT OF THE HAYE KNYCHT. MAISTER IN ARTE AND BACHILERE IN DECREIS CHAUMERLAYN UMQUHYLE TO THE MAIST WORTHY KING CHARLES OF FRAUNCE AT THE REQUEST OF ANE HYE AND MYCHTY PRINCE AND WORTHY LORD. WILLIAM ERLE OF ORKNAY AND OF CATHNES LORD SYNCLERE AND CHANCELARE OF SCOTLAND. IN HIS CASTELL OF ROSSELYN. THE ZERE OF OURE LORD A THOWSAND FOUR HUNDRETH FYFTY AND SEX (HEAD) PROLOGUS (END OF HEAD) TO THE HALY CROUN OF FRAUNCE IN THE QUHILK THIS DAY REGNYS CHARLES THE SEXT OF THAT NAME THE QUHILK IS LUFIT AND REDOUBTIT OUR ALL THE WARLD BE THE ORDYNAUNCE OF GOD. REGN TILL HIM BE GEVIN HONOURE LOF AND GLORE ABUNE ALL ERDELY LORDSCHIPPIS MAIST HYE PRINCE I

AM CALLIT BE MY RICHT NAME. BONNETT PRIOUR OF SALLON DOCTOUR IN DECREIS. THE QUHILK I HAVE HAD MONY SMALE THOUCHTIS AND GUDE WILL TO MAK SUM BUKE. FIRST IN THE HONOURE OF GOD AND OF HIS SUETE MODER AND OF ZOUR HYE LORDSCHIP. AND THE RESOUNS QUHY I HAVE UNDERTANE TO MAK THIS BUKE AR GUDE YNEUCH AS SEMYS ME AND FIRST AND FORMAST FOR QUHY THAT THE STATE OF HALY KIRK IS IN SIK TRIBULACIOUN THAT BOT GIF GOD OURE LORDE SET SUM GUDE REMEDE THE QUHILK WAS WONT TILL MAK GUDE CHEUISAUNCE AND GUDE END. IN THAT MATER BE THE BRETHER OF THE FAITH AVENTURERIS OF THE CHRISTIN FAITH I CAN SE BE NA WAY SE THAT IT MAY WELE BE BOT GIF THARE BE SUM GUDELY WAY OF ACORDAUNCE FUNDYN AND SONE THE SECUND CAUS IS AND RESOUN FFOR I SE ALL CRISTYNDOME SA GREVIT AND STROUBLIT OF WERIS DISCENSIOUNS THIFTIS AND REVERYIS HATERENTIS AND ENVYES THAT MEN KENNYIS ALMAIST NA REALME IN CRISTYNDOM BOT IT IS IN WERE THRID RESOUN IS FOR QUHY THAT THE LAND OF PROVENCE OF QUHILK I AM BORNE AND UPBROCHT. IS SA TURNYT NOW FOR THE RENEWING OF NEW LORDSCHIP. AND FOR DIVERS OPYNIOUNS THAT AR AMANG LORDIS AND THE COMMUNITEIS THAT WITH GRETE PAYNE MAY ONY WYS MAN HERE IT BE REHERSIT THE MEKLE SOROWE THAT THE COMMOUNS SUSTENIS FOR SIK DEBATIS THE FERDE RESOUN FOR QUHY THAT MANY NOTABLE CLERKIS THE QUHILKIS WENYS THAI UNDERSTAND WELE THE GLOSYNG OF ANCIEN PROPHECIES SAIS THAT IT SULDE BE ANE OF THE HIE LIGNIE OF FRANCE THE QUHILK SULD SETT REMEDE IN ALL THIS THINGIS. AND PUT THIS TRAVAILLAND WARLD IN PES AND REST THAT NOW IS PUT IN GRETE PESTILENCE. AND FOR THIS CAUS MY CURAGE HAS GEVIN ME TO MAK SUM NEWING OF THING TILL ENFORME ZOUR ZOUTHEDE OF MONY SYNDRY KNAULAGIS OF HALY WRYTT SA THAT ZOUR CURAGE SULD BE MOVIT THE MARE TO HELP TO SETT REMEDE IN THE HALY CRISTYN FAITH THE QUHILK IS IN POYNT OF PERISING AND GEVE IT SOCOUR AND TO GEVE ZOW CORAGE FOR TO DO IN SIK MANER THAT THE PROPHECYES THE QUHILKIS AR PRESUMYT TO BE UNDERSTANDIN IN ZOUR PERSONE

MAIST WORTHY BE VERIFYIT IN ZOUR MAIST NOBLE AND WORTHY PRINCEHEDE THROU ZOUR NOTABLE AND HALY WORKIS AND FORTHY I MAK ZOUR HIENES HERTLY REQUEST AND SUPPLICACIOUN THAT NATHING THAT I SALL PUT IN THIS BUKE THE DISPRIS. NA LICHTLY FFOR ALL THAT I HERE SAY TAKIS FOUNDEMENT OF HALY WRITT AND OF THE DECREIS AND LAWIS CANOUN AND CIVILE AND PHILOSOPHY NATURALE THAT IS NATURAL RESOUN THE QUHILK BUKE SALBE CALLIT THE FLOURE OF BATAILLIS OR THE TREE AND SYNE MON I PAS TO MY WERK AND THAREFORE IS THARE CUMYN TO ME SIK ANE YMAGINACIOUN THAT I WILL GER MAK A TREE THE QUHILK SALL BERE BOT FRUYTE OF SOROWE AS MEN MAY SE THAT ALL THE PERSECUCIOUNS OF THE KIRK AND CONTREIS BERIS BOT FRUYTE OF DULE AND DISES DEPARTIT IN FOUR PARTIS AS IS BEFORE SAID ON THE QUHILKIS FOUR PARTIS THE DIVISIOUN OF OURE BUKE SALBE FOUNDIT ( ETC ) (COLOPH) EXPLICIT PROHEMIUM (END OF COLOPH)

SEN IT IS SA THAT APON THIS MATER THE QUHILK MAY BE LYKNYT TILL A TREE THAT MAY BERE NA FRUYTE BOT FRUYTE OF DOLOUR AND DISES WE SEE TWA PARTIS PRINCIPALE AMANG THE QUHILKIS IS GRETE DISCORDE DISCENSIOUN AND WERE FIRST APON THE HALY KIRK AND THE FREDOME OF IT AS APON THE PAPE AND THE SEGE OF ROME WITH THE FREDOMYS AND APON THE TOTHIR PART WE SE HOW AMANG KINGIS AND PRINCIS AND TEMPORALE LORDIS THARE IS RYSIN SA GRETE DISCENSIOUNS DISCORDIS AND WERIS THAT THE BRETHIR OF THE FAYTH AS NOBLES MEN THAT WONT WAS TO BE WERREYOURIS TO DEFEND THE KIRK RYCHT AR NOW RYSYN AGAYNE THE COMMOUNS AND COMONITEIS AGAYN THAME THAT GRETE DULE IS TO SEE . QUHARFORE THIS BUKE MAY WELE BE COMPERIT TILL A TREE QUHILK BERIS NA FRUYTE BOT FRUYTE OF DULE ( ETC ) THE QUHILK BETTER AND MARE CLERELY TILL VNDERSTAND WE WILL MAK FIRST CERTANE QUESTIOUNIS PERTENAND TO THE MATER BE MANER OF FIGURE AND FIRST AND FORMEST THE FIRST QUESTIOUN IS QUHAT THING IS BATAILL. THE SECUNDE QUESTIOUN IS QUHARE WAS BATAILL FIRST FOUNDIN. THE THRID QUESTIOUN IS QUHEN AND HOW IT WAS FIRST APPROVIT HERE. THE FERDE QUESTIOUN IS QUHEYTHIR BATAILL BE LEFULL TO BE DONE. TO THE QUHILKIS QUESTIOUNS I WILL ANSUERE OR I PAS FURTHERLYAR TO SPEKE OF THIS MATER AND AS LANGAND TO THE FIRST QUESTIOUN THAT IS FOR TO SAY QUHAT THING IS BATAILL. I ANSUERE AS EFTER THE OPYNIOUN OF DOCTOURIS IN THE LAW CIVILE THAT BATAILL IS NOCHT ELLIS BOT A DEBATE THROU THE QUHILK MEN SETTIS THAIR ENTENT TO REFORME THROU

FORS OF ARMYS A DISPLESAND QUERELE OF WRANG TO GER IT RETOURN TO RESOUN BE ORDOUR OF LAWE OF ARMES QUHARE OTHIR WITNES FAILIS THAT IS TO SAY BATAILL OF ORDINAUNCE AND AS LANGAND THE SECOUNDE QUESTIOUN. THAT IS TO SAY QUHARE WAS BATAILL FIRST FUNDYN. TO THE QUHILK QUESTION I ANSUERE THUS THAT IT WAS FUNDYN IN HEVIN AND IN THIS MANER FIRST QUHEN THE GRETE GOD FADER OF HEVIN MAID THE ANGELIS HE MAID ANE SA FAIRE AND SA GLORIOUS THAT THROU THE GRETE BEUTEE OF HIM HE PASSIT ALL THE ANGELIS AND OTHER CREATURIS THAT EVIR GOD MAID IN BEAUTEE AND THARFORE WAS HE CALLIT LUCIFER ( QUASI FERENS LUCEM ) THE QUHILK FOR HIS GRETE BEAUTEE SCHYNIT SA BEFORE ALL OTHERIS UNDER HIM AS DOIS A GRETE TORCH BE A SMALL LITILL CANDILL THAT THE SCHYNYNG OF THE LICHT THAT COME FRA HIM DISTEYNZEID ALL THE LAVE IN CLERENES OF SCHYNYNG THAT THAI SEMYT ALL DYM IN THE REGARDE OF HIM THE QUHILK QUHEN HE SAWE HIM SELF SA FAIRE SA NOBLE AND SA RELUSAND BEFORE ALL THE LAVE HE MISKEND HIMSELF AND FORZETT QUHA HAD GEVIN HIM THAT GRETE BEAUTEE AND FAIRNES THOCHT IN HIM SELF HE HAD NA PERE IN HEVYN BOT GOD HIMSELF IT WAR AND SAID THAT HE SULD ASCEND IN THE HYEST STAGE OF HEVIN AND THARE IN THE NORTH PARTIS HE SULD SETT HIS SEGE AND SULD BE LIKE TO THE HIEST GOD AND WITH HIM WAS CONSENTIT TILL HIS ACORDE GRETE NOMBIR AND ALSA SONE AS HE HAD MAID THIS ENTERPRIS AND HIS ANERDARIS WAS CONSENTIT AND MAID THAME THAREFORE OURE LORD GOD ALMYCHTY QUHILK KEND HIS THOCHT AND HIS PURPOS ORDANYT THE BATAILL AGANIS HIM AND HIS COMPLICIS SEND MICHAEL HIS ANGEL WITH SIK A POWER OF GUDE ANGELIS THAT WAS NOCHT OF THAIR PARTYE AND GAFE HIM BATAILL AND DISCOMFYTE HIM AND ALL HIS ANERDANCIS AND GERT THAME WEND DOUN WTER THE WAYE TILL HELL QUHARE HI IS ZIT PRINCIPALE INYMY TILL ALL MANKYNDE AND ADVERSARE TILL ALL THAME THAT GOD LUFIS AS IS

RECOUNTIT BE SANCT GREGORE THE HALY DOCTOUR IN HIS BUKE OF HIS MORALITEIS. QUHARFORE IT SULD NOCHT BE GRETE MERVAILLIS TO SE GRETE WERIS AND BATAILLIS IN THIS WARLD HERE, SEN BATAILL WAS FIRST MAID AGANIS GOD HIMSELF IN HEVIN THE QUHILKIS WE MON NOW SE HOW WERIS AND BATAILLIS AR FIRST BEGONNYN IN THIS WARLD AND THARFORE BE CAUS IT IS MARE MERVAILOUS AND PERILOUS THING THE WERIS THAT IS MAID AGAYN THE HALY KIRK AND THE CRISTIN FAITH WE WILL FIRST SPEKE OF THAME AND FIRST AND FORMEST OF THE GRETE WERIS AND PERSECUCIOUN THAT OTHIR TYMES HAS BENE MOVIT AGAYNE HALY KIRK IN BEGYNNYNG OF THE FAITH AND BE CAUS IT WAR OUR LANG AND PROLIXT THING TO COUNT ALL, I WILL TELL BOT OF THE MAIST NOTABLE AND GREVOUS THINGIS THAT IN THAI TYMES HAPNYT, AND FIRST OF THAME THAT WAS BEFORE THE INCARNACIOUN, AS OF MOYSES WERIS THAT HE HAD FOR THE DEFENS OF THE BARNIS OF ISRAEL QUHEN THAI WAR SA LANG HALDIN IN THE SUBJECCIOUN OF PHARAOUN, THE QUHILK WALDE NOCHT THOLE THAME TO PAS THROU HIS BOUNDIS, THAI DOAND HIM NA SCATHE AND ZIT EFTER, QUHEN THE PEPLE OF GOD WAS WANTOUN, EFTER THAT HE HAD SEND THAME ALL THAIR DESYRIS ZIT MAID THAI A CALF OF GOLD AND ANOURNYT IT AS A GOD AS IS TALD BATHE IN THE BIBLE AND IN THE BUKE OF THE DECREIS AND ALSSUA THE GRETE DIVISIOUN THAT WAS QUHEN THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL MYCHT NOCHT GET FRA THAI EVILL MENZE THE QUHILKIS WAS CALLIT JEBUSIENIS THAT WAR FALS SCISMATIKIS BOT WAS HALDIN AMANG THAM ON FORS ALSSUA QUHAT SCISME AND MISCHEF WAS IN THE TYME OF ABDOM THE PROPHET THROU THE FALS TREUTH THAT THE KING JEROBOAM HELD AND ALS IN THE TYME THAT HE WAS MAID KING OF ISRAEL AND SYNE HOW NABUGODONOSOR MAID WERE APON THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL AND PUT THAME IN GRETE THRALDOME AND SUBJECTIOUN AND ZIT WAS HE NOCHT CONTENT TO HALDE THAME IN SUBJECTIOUN AND SERVITUTE BOT HE GERT THAME MAK ANE YMAGE OF GOLD OF HIS AWNE STATURE AND EFTER HIS AWIN FIGURE AND GERT THAME THROU FORS AND MAISTRY ANOURNE THAT YDOLE AS THAIR GOD. AND ALSSUA HE GERT

CAST IN THE FURNAS THE THRE HALY PERSOUNS SYDRAK MISAK, AND ABDENAGO FOR THAI WALD NOCHT ANOURNE THAT YMAGE. AND SYNE GERT DESTROYE ALL EGIPT, AND MONY OTHIR CONTREIS, CRUELL THINGIS HE WROCHT AGAYN THE PEPLE OF GOD IN HIS TYME, THE QUHILKIS WAR OUR LANG TO COUNT. AND ZIT THE SCISME WAS NOCHT LYTILL THAT WAS MAID IN THE TYME OF MACHAMET, FOR HE WITH HIS AWIN HAND SLEW MONY PRECHOURIS THAT GERT MEN TROW IN THAT YMAGE, CALLIT ARRY, WAS GOD. AND SYNE HOW IN THE TYME OF JOSUE, QUHEN THE FALS SYN OF THE TYRAN ACHOR GERT ALL THE PEPLE BE TYNT, AND PUT IN THE HANDIS OF THAIR INYMYES, WITH MONY OTHIR SCISMES, AND GRETE CRUELL INIQUITEIS QUHILKIS WAS PERSECUCIOUNS OF TYRANNIS AGAYN THE FAITH, AND THE PEPLE OF GOD BEFORE THE INCARNACIOUN OF OURE LORD JHESU CRIST ( ETC ) (MARG P8) THE THRID CHAPTER (END OF MARG) HERE THINKIS THE AUTOUR TO SPEKE OF THE WERIS AND TRIBULACIOUNS OF THE HALY KIRK, EFTER THE INCARNACIOUN OF THE QUHILKIS HE SAIS THAT QUHEN THE APOSTOLIS WAS IN ERDE PRECHAND THAI TUKE NA RENTIS NA REWARDIS THAT MEN WALD GEVE THAME BOT ANERLY ALMOUS DEDE OF THING THAT BELANGIT LYFING ANERLY AND ALL THAT REMAYNIT THAR OF WAS DEPARTIT TO THE PURE FOLK AND PILGRYMIS. IN THE QUHILK TYME THE PAPE CONVERTIT SANCT TIBURCE AND SANCT VALERE BE HIS TESTAMENT THE QUHILK WAS WELE BLAWIN THE BLAST OF THE TROUMP. BOT NATHELES, WE MON HERE SE HOW THE VISIOUN OF SANCT JOHNE, THE QUHILK SAIS THAT QUHEN THE ANGEL BLEWE THE BLAST APON HIS TROMP UP IN THE AYRE, THARE WAS EFTER A FROST MYNGLIT WITH BLUDE, BE THE QUHILK WE SULD UNDERSTAND THAT BE THE FROST IS SIGNIFYIT THE HARD HERTIS AND UNTREWE TREUTH OF THE PAGANS. FOR EFTER THE RYCHT UNDERSTANDING OF PHILOSOPHY THE FROST CUMMYS OF THE ERDE AND IS LIFTYT ABUNE THE AIRE AND FRESIS IN THE AIRE BE FORS OF CALDE AND RYCHT SA THE PAGANIS QUHILKIS SEN THAI SET NOCHT BY THE PERDURABLE GRACE AND GUDENES OF THE FAITH, FOR THE ANERDAUNCE THAT THAI HAVE TO THE ERDE, HAS THAYR HERTIS ALL FROSYN AND THAIR SPIRITIS THAT THAI

UNDERSTAND NOCHT THE SOUTHFASTNES OF GODDIS PRIVETEE. AND AS THIS FROST BE THE VISIOUN WAS ENTERMELLIT WITH BLUDE, THE QUHILK WAS WELE APPROVIT. FOR THE UNTREUTH OF THAME KEST SIK A FROST APON THE ERDE, THAT IS TO SAY APON THE CRISTIN FOLK THAT IS UNDERSTANDIN BE THE ERDE, EFTER THE WORDIS OF THE EWANGILE THAI SLEWE SA MONY HALY MARTERIS THAT IT WAS MERVAILL. BOT QUHAT WAS OF THAT, THAT THE VISIOUN SAIS, THAT THE THRID PART OF THE TREIS WAS BRYNT, AND THE THRID PART OF THE BLUDE WAS GRENE? IN THAT HE SCHAWIS THRE MANERIS OF MARTERIS THAT IS FOR TO SAY BE THE ERDE IS UNDERSTAND THE APOSTOLIS, AND DISCIPLES OF GOD AND BE THE TREIS THAIR SUCCESSOURIS PAPIS. THE QUHILKIS HAD THE FAITH FRA THE APOSTLIS RYCHT AS THE TREIS HAS LYF AND GROUTH OF THE ERDE. AND BE THE GRENE BLUDE IS SIGNIFYIT TO US THE MARTERIS CRISTYN MEN THE QUHILKIS WAS NOCHT OF SA HIE MERITIS AND THAT MAY BE SCHAWIN US THUS FOR THE APOSTOLIS WAR PUT TO DEDE BE SARE TORMENTIS AND GREUOUS THE QUHILKIS AR UNDERSTANDIN BE THE ERDE AND THE PAPIS RYCHT SA THAIR SUCCESSOURIS FOR EFTER THAT SANCT PETIR WAS HYNGIT BE THE FETE AT THE COMMANDEMENT OF NERO THE EMPEROURE. THE PAPE LINI THE FIRST OF THAT NAME HAD HIS HEDE STRYKIN OF, IN THE CITEE OF ROME . AND EFTER THAT ANE OTHIR PAPE WAS CALLIT CLETE WAS PUT TO DEDE BE THE BIDDING OF ANE EMPEROUR DOMISIEN. AND SYNE THE PAPE CLEMENT, THE FIRST OF THAT NAME WAS CASTIN IN THE SEE AND DROWNYT. AND EFTER THAT THE PAPE ANACLETE WAS PUT TO DEDE BE THE COMMANDEMENT OF THE EMPEROUR TRAYAN IN THE CITEE OF ROME. AND EFTER SANCT CALIXTE THE PAPE WAS PUT TO DEDE AND EFTER HIM ANE OTHIR THAT WAS HEDIT WITHOUT THE CITEE OF ROME. AND EFTER HIM, ANE CALLIT SANCT THEOLOFRE, THE QUHILK THE ROMAYNIS PUT TO DEDE. AND EFTER THAI COME ZIT EFTER THAT ALL THE PAPIS THAT I SALL EFTER NAME ZOW THAT DEID ALL OF EVILL DEDE, THAT IS TO SAY, SANCT SUERGE SANCT PRIMS SANCT AMSET SANCT SOTHER SANCT ELEUTHER SANCT VICTOUR SANCT CHESERY SANCT URBAN THE FIRST OF

THAT NAME SANCT POUS SANCT PURIAT SANCT HANCERE SANCT FABIANE, SANCT CORNELE, SANCT LUCE SANCT STEVIN SANCT SIXT THE SECOUNDE SANCT DANY SANCT FELIX THE FIRST IN THAT NAME, SANCT ANCERE SANCT MELCHIDES MONSIEUR LUCIEN MONSIEUR GAY. ALSSUA SANCT MARCELLIN AND SANCT MERCELLE THE QUHILK WAS ALL PAPIS OF ROME AND TUKE ALL THAIR DEDE IN PACIENCE FOR THE FAITH OF CRIST (MARG) THIR (XXXIIJ) PAPIS VES PUT TO DETHE (END OF MARG) AND SA MAY MEN SE THAT THE THRID PART OF THE TREIS WAS BRYNT AND THE THRID PART OF THE BLUDE WAS GRENE FOR ALL THE CRISTIN MEN THAT WAR UNDIRSTANDIN BE THE GRENE BLUDE WAR ALL PERSEWIT AND PUT TO DEDE IN GRETE QUANTITEE IN THE ORIENT BE DIOCLISIAN EMPEROUR AND IN THE PARTIES OF THE OCCIDENT BE ANE CALLIT MAXYMIAN AND SA IS HERE NOW DECLARIT TO ZOW ALL THE VISIOUN TOUCHAND THE FIRST TYME OF THE SOROUFULL PERSECUCIOUN OF HALY KIRK QUHILL IT COME TO THE TYME OF SANCT SILVESTER PAPE FIRST OF THAT NAME AND THUS MAY NA GUDE HERT DENY THAT WELE CLERELY SEIS NA THE HALY KIRK HAS BENE IN GRETE PERSECUCIOUN OF WERIS AND GRETE TRIBULACIOUN AS APPERIS BE IT THAT SAID IS ( ETC ) HERE SPEKIS HE OF THE FIRST ANGEL. BE THE FIRST ANGEL IS SIGNIFYED TILL US SANCT JOHNE THE BAPTIST, THE QUHILK BROCHT THE GUDE TYDINGIS CUMMYNG OF GODDIS SONE OF HEVIN, FOR THAT IS ANE OFFICE OF ANE ANGEL, TO REVELE THE SECRETIS OF GOD, AND ALSUA TO BRING THE HYE NEW TYDINGIS THE QUHILK IS VERIFYIT BE THE HALY WRITT, FOR THE PROPHETIS CALLIT HIM ANGEL OR HE WAS BORNE SAYAND ( ECCE MITTO ANGELUM MEUM AD FACIEM TUAM ETC ) AND THE QUHILK WAS SAID OF SANCT JOHNE THE BAPTIST BOT GIF ONY WALD ARGEWE THIS SAYAND THAT HOW SULD HE BE SIGNIFIED BE THE FIRST ANGEL AND HE WAS NEVER PAPE CERTAYNE TO THAT MAY BE ANSUERD FOR HE HAD OFFICE OF ANGEL THE QUHILK TROMPIT WELE QUHEN HE BLEWE HIS BEME QUHEN HE PRECHIT BAPTESME AND PENITENCE AND QUHEN HE SCHEWE WITH HIS FYNGIR THE SONE OF GOD IN FIGURE OF A LAMBE THE QUHILK

WAS SEND IN ERDE FOR SALVACIOUN OF MAN. AND ALSA HE HAD OFFICE OF PAPE QUHEN HE REPROVIT HERODES OF HIS BROTHIR WYF. BOT EFTERWART BE THE FIRST ANGEL IS UNDERSTANDIN THE SONE OF GOD THE QUHILK HE DENOUNCIT THE QUHILK GODDIS SONE TROMPIT WELE WITH HIS BEME QUHEN HE SCHEWE TO MANNIS SONE THE CRISTYN FAITH AND GAVE US KNAULAGE OF THE HALY TRINITEE, AND OF THE SECRETIS OF THE FADER OF HEVIN. FOR QUHILL THE SONE OF GOD COME IN THIS ERDE, WE WIST NOCHT THAT THE SONE OF GOD AND THE HALY GASTE BATHE WES IN THE FADER. AND THE FADER ALSSUA IS IN THE SONE. AND EFTER THAT HE TROMPIT NOCHT SMALL QUHEN HE SEND HIS APOSTLIS OUR ALL THE WARLD TO GER SCHAWE THE CRISTYN FAITH AND PREICH IT BE THE QUHILK HE SCHEWE HIM SELF TO BE PAPE AND SOVERAYNE CHAPLANE TO GOD FOR SA SAIS THE HALY SCRIPTURE. AND EFTER HIM WAS PAPE SANCT PETER THE QUHILK TROMPIT WELE WITH HIS BEME QUHEN HE WITH HIS EPISTLIS THAT HE SEND OUR ALL THE WARLD OF THE FAITH AND WITH THAT SEND HIS DISCIPLIS AND CONVERTIT REALMES AND REGIONIS THE QUHILK SEND SANCT JULIAN SANCT APPOLLINAR SANCT MARC SANCT SEXTE WITH MONY ANE OTHIR AND SYNE EFTER THAT THE HALY MAN SANCT SERGE THE PAPE TROMPIT WELE WITH HIS TROMP THAT SEND THE ARTICLES OF THE FAITH OUR ALL REALMES AND NAMELY OF THE HALY TRINITEE AND FOR CAUS OF IRKING OF LANG PROCESS I WILL PAS MARE LICHTLY OUR OF ALL THE PAPIS THAT WAS IN THE FIRST TYME OF THE SEVYN ANGELIS THE QUHILK ILKE MAN DID SUM THING THAT WAS MEKLE TO LOWE AND TO PRIS TO THE GROWING OF THE HALY CRISTYN FAITH AS WAS SANCT URBAN THE FIRST PAPE OF THAT NAME THE QUHILK TROMPIT RYCHT WELE QUHEN HE CONVERTIT AND BAPTISIT MONY PAGANIS AND WAS THE FIRST THAT EVER TUKE RENTIS AND POSSESSIOUNS TEMPORALE IN THE NAME OF HALY KIRK. FOR BEFORE THAT ALL THE HALY KIRK WAS BOT UPHALDIN APON THAIR TECHING QUHILL THAT WAS ACCOMPLISID. AND THAN IN THE TYME OF THE EMPEROUR CONSTANTYNE QUHILK WAS THE FIRST THAT DOWIT HALY KIRK THE CRISTYN FAITH GREWE IN SIC HICHT HONOURE

(MARG) AT THIS TYM ANE VOCE CRYIT ABUF THE CASTELL OF ROIM (END OF MARG) AND WORSCHIP THAT THE DEVILL THAT HAD PERSEWIT IT BEFORE TYME MYCHT NOCHT SUFFER IT BOT SETT HIM AT ALL HIS POWER TO DEBATE AGAYNE THE LAWIS. AND THAT WAS ANE OF THE PARTIS OF THE VISIOUN OF SANCT JOHNE QUHEN HE SAW THE BIRNAND HILL CASTYN IN THE SEE QUHILKIS SANCT DAVID APPREVIS IN HIS BUKE OF PSALMES BE THE QUHILK MOUNTAYN ARDENT IS UNDERSTANDIN HERISY THE QUHILK SANCT DAVID SAIS IN THE NAME OF HALY KIRK I HAVE MY TRAIST IN GOD AND QUHY SULD ZE SYNNARIS THAN PAS UP IN THE HILL ANERLY AS A LYTILL SPAROW ALLANE TO THE QUHILK SPAROW IS LYKNYT ANE HERITYKE FOR BE THE MAISTER OF PROPRIETEIS OF BESTIS THE SPAROW IS A LYTILL FOULE JANGLARE THE QUHILK LYFIS ON SEDIS THAT AR POYSOUN TILL OTHIR FOULIS AND SA MAY IT BE LIKENYT TILL A MAN THAT LEVIS THE WAY OF VERITEE AND OF GUDE FAITH AND TRAISTIS TO LOLLARDIS AND FALS PRECHOURIS AND TAKIS TO HIS FUDE THE SEDIS OF ERROURIS AND HERISY AND PASSIS IN THE BIRNAND HILL ALLANE SOLITARE AND THUS MAY MEN HERE HOW THIS BIRNAND HILL MAY BETAKIN FALS DOCTRYNE OF ERROUR AND HERISIES AGAYN THE CRISTYN FAITH BOT THE STORYE SAYIS THAT THE HILL WAS CASTYN IN THE SEE THAT IS TO SAY IN THE HALY WRYTT THAT MAY BE UNDIRSTANDIN BE THE SEE FOR AS THE SEE IS BATHE DEPE AND BRAID THAT NANE CAN GET THE MESURE OF NOUTHIR LENTH NA BREDE NA DEPENES SA IS THE FAITH AND AS OF THE SEE DEPARTIS ALL OTHIR WATERIS SA OUT OF HALY SCRIPTURE DEPARTIS ALL OTHIR SCIENCE THAT IS IN THIS WARLD AND RYCHT AS THE SEE IS FOUNDIT APON THE FERME ERDE DEPE AND SAD UNVARIABLE SA IS THE FAITH FOUNDIT APON THE SOTHFASTNES OF HALY WRYTT QUHILK IS THE FERME GROUND OF VERITEE AND AS TO THE SEE AGAYNE PASSIS ALL WATERIS SA DOIS ALL SCIENCIS IN THIS WARLD REDOUNDIS AGAYNE TO HALY SCRIPTURE OF THE CRISTYN FAITH THAT AR FOUNDIT APON VERITEE AND NOW AS THE TOTHIR PARTY OF THE VISIOUN HOW THE THRID PART OF THE SEE WAS AS BLUDE MEN SULD UNDERSTAND THAT THE HALY SCRIPTURE HAS FOUR MANERIS OF UNDERSTANDING THE FIRST IS EFTER THE LETTER AND THE TOTHIR IS ENTERMELLIT THE QUHILKIS CLERKIS CALLIS

(SECUNDUM JUSTUM) THE RYCHT WITT. THE THRID IS CARNALE THAT IS TO SAY FLESCHLY THAT TAKIS OF THE MORCELL FLESCH A REMORDE SA THAT IT MAY NOCHT PERFITELY UNDERSTAND SOUTHFASTNES OF HALY SCRIPTURE BE THE QUHILK WE HAVE THE KNAULAGE OF THE TRINITEE AND THUS BE THE VISIOUN THE THRID PART OF THE UNDERSTANDARIS OF THE FAITH TAKIS ANE EVILL CARNALE FELE THAT IS FLESCHLY THE QUHILK LETTIS TO HAVE PERFYTE RESOUN OF GRACE TO UNDERSTAND RYCHTWISLY AND DAMPNIS THAIR SAULIS PERPETUALY FOR CARNALE AFFECCIOUN WILL TROW NATHING BOT IT THAT NATURE SCHAWIS THAME OUTHIR THAT THAI MAY SE OR HERE OR FELE BOT THE FAITH DOIS NOCHT SA FOR THE FAITH HAS NA MERYT QUHARE RESOUN NATURALE MAY HAVE KNAULAGE BOT ANERLY THAT GUDE FAITH GEVIS BE TREUTH HERE FOLOWIS OF THE SECUND ANGEL, AND HOW HE BLEWE HIS BLAST WITH HIS BEME EFTER AS SAIS THE STORY OF THE APPOCALIPS AND OF THE VISIOUN OF SANCT JOHNE HOW HE THOCHT BE HIS AVISIOUN THAT A GRETE HILL ALL BIRNAND WAS CASTIN ALL IN THE SEE . AND SONE EFTER HIM THOCHT THAT THE THRID PART OF THE SEE WAS LYKE TO BLUDE . AND ALSSUA OF ALL THE LYFAND THINGIS THAT WAS IN THE SEE THE THRID PARTY DEID AND WAS DEDE AND THE THRID PARTY OF ALL THE SCHIPPIS IN THE SEE WAS DROWNYT AND PERIST ANENS THE QUHILK AVISIOUN, MEN SULD UNDERSTAND, THAT SEN THE FENDE FELL OUT OF HEVIN EVERMARE HAS FORSIT HIM TO MAK DIVISIOUN IN HALY KIRK. AND FIRST HE DID HIS POWER TO PUT IT DOUN WITH HELP OF PRINCIS OF THE WARLD, AND OTHIR LORDIS, AS ZE HAVE HERD IN THE FIRST VISIOUN. AND QUHEN HE SAWE THAT HE COME NOCHT TO PURPOS IN THAT MANER, BE CAUS THAT THE MAA THARE WAS OF MARTERIS THE MA THARE WAS OF MIRACLIS AND THE MAA MIRACLIS THE STARKAR WAS HALY KIRK. FOR AY THE FAITH GREWE STARKAR AND STARKARE. AND QUHEN HE SAWE THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT IN THAT MANER SPEDE HE SETT HIM IN ANE OTHIR MANER FASSOUN TO PROCEDE THAT IS FOR TO SAY TO SAW ERROURIS

(MARG) NOTA PONTIFIC (END OF MARG) AND HERISIES IN THE FAITH AND THARFORE SAIS SANCT JOHNE THAT THE SECOUND ANGEL BLEWE WELE IN HIS BEME THE QUHILK SECOUND ANGEL IS CALLIT SANCT SILVESTER THE HALY PAPE THE QUHILK BLEWE A GRETE BLAST THROU THE QUHILK BLAST THAT IS TO SAY OF HIS PRECHING HE CONVERTIT TO THE FAITH SANCT CONSTANTYNE THE EMPEROUR ANDE GAVE HIM THE HALY CREME OF THE HALY BAPTESME THE QUHILK EMPEROUR WITH SIK DEVOCIOUN LUFIT THE HALY KIRK AND THE CRISTYN FAITH AND SA MONY GRETE PREVILEGIS GAVE TO THE KIRK AND SA MONY LANDES LORDSCHIPPIS AND OTHIR DOWERYES DOWIT IT WITH THAT IT APPERIS ZIT OUR ALL OTHIR AND GAVE THE PAPE HIS AWIN PROPRE PALACE OF ROME CALLIT THE PALACE OF LATRANENE. AND SYNE EFTER GAVE HIM HIS AWIN PROPIR CROUN OF HIS HEDE THAT IS CALLIT THE DYADEME AND ALL THE LAVE OF THE OURNEMENTIS OF THE EMPEROUR WITH THE ROUND PAVILLIOUN WITH ALL ESTATIS AS IS CONTENYT IN THE DECREIS ( ETC ) THAN IS IT SPEDEFULL TO SE QUHAT SCISMES HAS BENE AND QUHAT DIVISIOUNS BE SCISMATIKIS EFTER THE INCARNACIOUN OF OURE LORDE AND BE QUHAT PERSONIS THAI WAR MAID AND BROCHT TILL END, FOR TRAISTIS WELE THAT BUT GRETE WERIS GRETE HERESIES AND GRETE SCISMES IT HAS NOCHT RESTIT LANSOMLY SEN SYNE THE FAITH OF GOD MAYNTENYT SEN HIS BIRTH HYDERWART AND THARFORE HYE AND MYCHTY LORD IN SAMEKLE THAT I WALD ZE HAD SUM UNDERSTANDING THAR OF AS LANGAND HALY WRYT I SALL TOUCH ZOW SUM PART OF A VISIOUN THE QUHILK SANCT JOHNE THE EWANGELIST SAWE IN THE ILE OF PATHMOS AND SUPPOS IT BE SUM PART SUBTILE TO UNDERSTAND SETTIS NOCHT BY FOR THE HALY WRYTT MAY NOCHT BE WELE UNDERSTANDIN BUT STUDY AND WITH THAT I SALL PUT SIK THING LANGAND WARLDLY UNDERSTANDING THAT RESOUN IS THAT HALY WRYTT BE MELLIT THAREWITH TO VERIFY IT. AND THARFORE ZE SULD KNAWE HOW SANCT JOHNE WAS BANIST IN THE SAID ILE. AND THARE OURE LORD JHESU CRIST FORZETT HIM NOCHT BOT VISYTE HIM OFT TYMES AND RECONFORT

HIM OF HIS GUDELY GRACE RYCHT TENDERLY. AND SA BEFELL ON A DAY HE SAW (VIJ ) ANGELIS WITH ( VIJ ) BEMES IN THAIR HANDIS AND MAID THAME ALL REDY TO BLAWE THE BEMES OF THE QUHILKIS THE FIRST BEGAN TO BLAWE AND THAN APPERIT A MERVAILLOUS VISIOUN TILL HIM FOR HE THOCHT THAT THARE WAS A GRETE FROST IN THE AYRE ALL MELLIT WITH BLUDE THE QUHILK BLUDY FROST WAS CASTYN APON THE ERDE AND THE THRID PARTY OF THE ERDE WAS BRYNT AND THE THRID PART OF THE TREIS AND ALL THE BLUDE WAS BRYNT. BOT FIRST OR I DECLARE ZOW THIS VISIOUN ZE MON UNDERSTAND QUHAT THE SEVIN ANGELIS BETAKENIS OF THE QUHILK ZE SALL WITT THAT THE SEVYN ANGELIS SIGNIFYIS THE SV PARTIS OF THE TYME THAT THE WARLD SALL LEST AND AT THE HYNDMASTE SALL THE WARLD TAK END AND SA UNDERSTUDE SANCT PAULE IN HIS WRYTTIS SAYAND THAT THE LAST TROMP THAT IS THE LAST BEME SALBE THE RESURREXIOUN GENERALE. AND THUS BE THIS SULD WE UNDERSTAND THAT BE THIR SEVIN BEMES IS SIGNIFYIT SEVIN DIFFERENCIS OF TYMES THAT SALL RYN DURAND THE TYME FRA OURE LORD JHESU CRIST TUKE HIS INCARNACIOUN. AND ALSSUA SULD WE WIT THAT BE THIR ANGELIS IS UNDERSTANDIN THE PAPIS THE QUHILKIS AR THE SOVERANE CHAPLANIS OF THE CRISTYN FAITH AND SA MAY IT WELE SEME TO BE CALLIT FOR IN HALY WRYTT GOD CALLIS THE PRESTIS ANGELIS AND SA SALL ZE KNAWE THAT BE THE FIRST ANGEL IS UNDERSTANDIN THE PASSING OF THE FIRST TYME OF THE CRISTYN FAITH. AND BE THAT ANGEL IS SIGNIFYIT TO US ALL THE PAPIS THAT WAS IN THAT FIRST TYME THAT IS TO SAY SEN THE TYME OF SANCT JOHNE THE BAPTIST THAT WAS SIGNIFYIT BE THE FIRST ANGEL TO THE TYME OF SANCT SILVESTER THE QUHILK WAS SIGNIFYIT BE THE SECUND ANGEL AS CLERELY APPERIS BEFORE. HERE EXPOUNDIS HE THE SECOUND PARTY OF THE VISIOUN THE QUHILK SAID THAT THE THRID PART OF ALL THE CREATURIS QUHILKIS HAD SAULE AND LYF IN THE SEE WAR DEDE THE QUHILK WAS WELE TREWE FOR NOCHT ALLANERLY THARE WAS DISSAVIT SYMPLE FOLK IN THAI TYMES BOT WITH THAT MONY

NOTABLE AND GUDELY CLERKIS OF HYE SCIENCE, THE QUHILKIS HAD THE GRETE DIGNITIES IN HALY KIRK BE THE QUHILKIS CLERKIS WAS UNDERSTANDIN THE GRETE SCHIPPIS THAT WAS PERIST IN THE SEA THE THRID PART OF THAME AND LO HOW. FOR THARE WAS IN THAI TYMES MONY FALS HERETYKIS THAT PERVERTIT BATHE MONY SYMPLE FOLK THAT WAS IN THE SEE THAT IS FOR TO SAY IN THE FAITH AND MONY GRETE CLERKIS THAT WAS MONY SCHIPPIS IN THE SEE ALSSUA THE QUHILKIS HERETYKIS WAS CALLIT THIR NAMYS THAT EFTER CUMMYS THAT WAS ANE CALLIT MANES QUHILK HAD UNDER HIM A MENZE CALLIT MAMSEUS ANE OTHIR WAS CALLIT ARRENES AND DOMASTES AND ANE WAS IN BERTAYNE CALLIT PELLAGE ANE OTHIR PRECELIN IN SPAYNZE WITH MONY ANE OTHIR QUHILK LANG WAR TO TELL, BOT ZIT MAY MEN GEVE THARETO ANE OTHIR WAY OF UNDERSTANDING AND THAT IS THUS. WE HAVE IN THE FAITH THRE MANER OF SCHIPPIS FLETAND. IN THE FIRST AR MEN THAT AR IN THE STATE OF GRACE AND ZIT AR PERSECUTIT WITH TEMPTACIOUNS. THE TOTHIR SCHIP HAS IN IT THE MAN THAT SYNNIS DAYLY IN THE COMMOUN SYNNIS OF NATURE AS IN THE ( VIJ ) DEDELY SYNNIS AND IN THE VENIALL SYNNIS THAT COMMOUNLY MEN SCHRYVIS THAME OF HERE ( ETC ) IN THE THRID SCHIP AR ALL THAI THAT AR FALS HERETIKIS AND LOLLARDIS AND FALS PRECHOURIS AND TECHOURIS OF ERROURIS AGAYNE THE CRISTYN FAITH QUHILKIS TRAISTIS NOCHT IN THE GRACE OF GOD NA IN HIS MERCI BOT HAS THAIR HERTIS SA HARD THAT NEVER WILL TURNE BOT LYVIS IN DISPAIRE AND TECHIS OTHIR SYMPLE FOLK FALS POYNTIS OF THE WRANG ERROURIS THE QUHILKIS TYNIS MONY A SAULE. AND THUS THE TWA FIRST SCHIPPIS AR SAUF THROU CONFESSIOUN CONTRICIOUN AND PENITENCE. FOR NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THAI SYN ZIT IS THAT BOT FRAGILITEE AND BRUKILNES OF MANNIS NATURE TYSSIT THROU THE THRE INYMYES THE QUHILK THE HALY KIRK THROU THE MERYT OF THE PASSIOUN OF CRIST DISPENSIS WITH AND THAI AR SAUF. BOT THE THRID THAT IS TO SAY THAI HARD HERTIT HERETIKIS AND LOLLARDIS QUHILKIS AR DISPAIRIT OF THE FAITH OF GOD TRAISTAND HE MAY NOUTHIR DO THAIM GRACE NA MERCI, THAI AR ALL DROWNYT

AND SONKIN IN THE SEE THAT NEVER MARE MAY CUM TO SALVACIOUN. AND THIR AR THE CAMPIOUNS THAT FAUCHT DAYLY IN BATAILL AGAYN THIR FALS HERETYKIS THAT IS TO SAY SANCT AUGUSTYNE SANCT JEROME SANCT AMBROS SANCT INNOCENT SANCT GREGORE THE WORTHY AND HALY DOCTOUR WITH MONY OTHIR QUHILKIS WARRAYD THE INYMYES OF THE FAITH. AND THUS QUHEN THE DEVILL SAWE THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT BAK THE CRISTYN FAITH THROU THAT MANER OF TEMPTACIOUN AGAYNIS THAI NOBLE PILLARIS AND WARREYOURIS OF THE FAITH THAN SCHUPE HE HIM TILL ASSAILZE THE MEMBRIS OF THE CRISTIN FAITH WITH THE CRYME OF YPOCRYSYE RYCHT AS SALBE DECLARIT IN THIS NEXT ANGEL THAT CUMMYS EFTER THIS. HERE HE DECLARIS THE VISIOUN AS TO THE THRID ANGEL THE QUHILK TROMPIT IN HIS BEME QUHILL HIM THOCHT TO SANCT JOHNE THAT THARE FELL A GRETE STERN OUT OF THE HEVIN BIRNAND IN FYRE AND AS HIM THOCHT IT FELL APON THE THRID PARTY OF THE FLUDIS AND FOUNTAYNIS AND THE STERN WAS CALLIT TO NAME THE BITTER STERN THROU THE QUHILK THE THRID PARTIS OF THE WATERIS AND FONTAYNIS WAS MAID BITTER AND GERT MONY MEN DEE FOR THAI EVILL WATERIS THAT WAS BITTER THE QUHILK COME EFTER THE SOUND OF THE THRID ANGELIS TROMP. BE THE QUHILK ZE SALL UNDERSTAND THAT THE THRID TYME OF THE DURABILITEE OF THE CRISTIN FAITH SALBE QUHILL THE TYME OF SANCT GREGORE. AND THAN IS IT TO WIT THAT SANCT GREGORE WAS THIS THRID ANGEL THE FIRST GREGORE THE QUHILK TROMPIT WELE WITH HIS TROMP THAT HE PUT AWAY CONDAMPNIT AND REPROVIT ALL THE FALS HERESYES AND HERETYKIS THAT WAS IN HIS TYME WITH GUDE RESOUNS OF HALY WRITT THROU COUNSAILIS GENERALE EPISTLIS AND PRECHOURIS AND CONVERTIT MONY PAGANIS TO THE FAITH. FOR HE SEND SANCT AUGUSTYNE IN INGLAND AND CONVERTIT THROU GRACE AND PRECHING OF HIM A KING OF INGLAND CALLIT ANDEBERT AND ALL THE REALME COME CRISTYN. AND QUHEN THE DEVILL SAWE THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT OPTENE APON THE FAITH TO PUT ABAK BE THIR FORESAID ERROURIS AND HERISYES THAN SCHUPE

HE HIM TO WIRK WITH SUTELTEE OF YPOCRISY AND GERT BATHE EMPEROURIS AND OTHIR GRETE LORDIS ARM THAME IN HIS ARMYNG OF YPOCRYSIE THAT IS WITH A COVERIT FALS SEMBLAND OF VERTUE AND HALYNES HYDIS UNDER THAT A FALS POYSOUN OF ERROUR AND HERISYE IN CLETHING OF GUDELYNESS LEDAND WITH HIM BATH EMPEROURIS AND PATRIARKIS AND OTHIR PRINCIS AND PEPLE BUT NOMBRE THE QUHILK HELD OPYNIOUNS OF THAIR AWIN CURAGE AS THAME THOCHT IT SULD BE AS THAI THOCHT THE QUHILK WAS CLERE AND SCHYNAND WITHOUT AS THE STERNE AND WITHIN IT WAS ALL FOULE OF FILTH AND CORRUPCIOUN OF HERISYE AND FALS TREUTH. AND TO SAY ZOW FIRST WAS THARE TWA PATRIARKIS THAT WAS CALLIT PETRE AND PAULE AND WAS BATH ILKANE EFTER OTHIR PATRIARKIS OF CONSTANTYNOBLE THE QUHILKIS FELL OUT OF THE HEVYN THAT IS OF THE HALY CRISTYN FAITH THE QUHILK MAY BE WELE SA APPROIVIT AND FELL TO THE GROUND OF THE FLUDIS AND WELLIS OF THE FAITH AND TUKE WITH IT GRETE NOMBER OF KIRK MEN AND OTHERIS THAT TURNYT NEVER AGAYNE NOCHT ANERLY WITH FALS TECHING TYCIT THE PEPLE TILL HIS OPYNIOUN BE NYCHT SECRETLY BOT GERT PUT TO DEDE MONY NOTABLE PERSOUNS THAT WALD NOCHT TROWE HIS FALS DOCTRYNE AND GERT ALSSUA DYNG THE LEGATIS SEND FRA THE PAPE TO SCHAWE HIM HIS ERROUR AND ZIT MARE HE DREWE WITH HIS FLECHING AND FAIR LANGAGE THE EMPEROUR THAT WAS IN HIS TYME TO TROW IN HIS OPYNIOUNS THE QUHILK EMPEROUR WAS CALLIT CONSTANTYNE GERRAND THE EMPEROUR THROU HIS FENZEIT HALYNES TROW THAT HE WAS A HALY MAN. AND THUS WAS IT WELE LYKE THAT A STERN WAS FALLIN OUT OF THE HEVIN QUHEN THAT EMPEROUR FELL OUT OF THE FAITH AND ENCLYNIT TILL HIS FOLYIS THAT WAS ANE OF THE RYVERIS THE QUHILK WAS BITTER. AND ZIT DID HE MARE FOR HE GERT THE EMPEROUR MAK HIM A BUKE OF ALL THE FALS POYNTIS OF HERISY. AND AGAYNIS HIM TUKE THE BATAILL SANCT MERTYN FERDE PAPE OF THAT NAME THE QUHILK GERT CALL A GRETE COUNSALE GENERALE OF CLERGY IN ROME QUHARE HE GERT CONDAMPNE ALL THAI FALS HERESYES. AND QUHEN THE EMPEROUR WAS THUS PUT ABAK AND HIS

OPYNIOUNS THARE WAS A DUKE DUELLAND IN ROME WAS TENDER TO THE EMPEROUR AND THOCHT TO GER A MAN OF HIS SLA THE PAPE AT THE MESSE. AND QUHEN HE COME TO THE PAPIS MESSE WITH A GRETE COMPANY THE SOUYARE THAT SULD SLA HIM DREW HIS SUERD AND PAST TO THE ALTARE HE BEAND IN HIS MESS, AND OR HE COME TO THE ALTARE HE BECOM STANE BLYND OF THE QUHILK MYRACLE THE DUKE HAD GRETE DREDE AND AMENDIT HIS LYF. AND BE THE GRETE STERN MAY BE SIGNIFYIT THE SAID EMPEROUR THE QUHILK SULD SCHYNE IN DEFENS OF THE FAITH THE QUHILK ALS NEXT THE PAPE IS THE GRETTEST IN THE ERDE THE QUHILK ALSSUA STERN AS SAIS THE STORYE WAS BYRNAND THAT IS SUTH IN FYRE OF MALICE AND FALS YPOCRISYE. AND SYNE MON WE DECLARE HOW THAT STERN FELL APON THE THRID PART OF THE FLUDIS AND WELLIS THAT WAS QUHEN THE EMPEROUR WALD MELL WITH A FALS COLOUR ANE UNDREQUET MALICIUS ERROUR WITH THE SAWIS AND THE DOCTRINE OF HALY DOCTOURIS OF THE CRISTYN FAITH. AND AS BELANGAND IT THAT HE SAIS IT FELL ON THE WELLIS THAT IS TO SAY THARE IS TWA MANER OF FONTAYNIS OF THE CRISTYN FAITH ANE IS CUMMAND FRA GOD HIM SELF THAT IS BUT STANCHING ANE OTHIR IS FRA MANNIS HERT THAT DRYIS QUHEN GRACE FAILZEIS . BOT THARE IS ANE OTHIR WELL IN OURE LORD JHESU CRISTIS HERT THAT IS OF HIS HUMANITEE CUMMAND THE QUHILK WELL OF MANLYK LUFE AND KYNDENES HE SCHEW US WELE THE DAY OF HIS PASSIOUN QUHEN HE SAID TILL HIS FADER THAT HIS WILL WAR DONE ANENT THE THOLING OF HIS PASSIOUN AND NOCHT HIS AWIN WILL OF HUMANITEE FOR AS GOD HE DRED NOCHT THE DEDE BOT WELE AS MAN AND THARE HE REFERRIT THE FONTAYNE OF HUMANITEE TO THE WILL OF THE FADER AS HIM LYKIT BEST FOR MANNIS HELE. AND ALSSUA BE THAT HE SCHEWE IN HIM TWA WILLIS QUHEN HE SAID THY WILL BE DONE THAT IS TO SAY THE WILL OF THE FADER THAT IS IN ME SALBE MAISTER AND NOCHT THE WILL OF THE HUMANITEE THAT IS IN ME. FOR AND HE HAD TROWIT THE CARNALL WILL OF HUMANITEE HE HAD NOCHT THOLIT THE PASSIOUN THE QUHILK HE SCHAWIT QUHEN HE SAID NOCHT AS MAN MY WILL SALBE

DONE BOT THY WILL AS FADER OF HEVIN. AND BE THAT HE SCHAWIS THAT THE WILL OF THE FADER AND OF THE SONE IS BATH ANE AS IN DIVINITEE BOT THAI AR NOCHT BATHE ANE AS TOUCHAND HUMANITEE. AND THARE HE DOIS US TO WIT THAT IN HIM AR TWA WILLIS BATH MANLYKE AND GODLYKE AND THAN AS TO THE STERNE THAT FELL APON THE THRID PART OF THE FONTAYNES THAT WAS THAT THE FALS YPOCRITE THE PATRIARK OF CONSTANTYNOBLE PRECHAND SAID THAT THE SONE OF GOD HAD NOCHT TWA WILLIS AS BEFORE SAID IS BOT ANERLY ANE AND NOCHT UNDERSTANDAND THE WORDIS OF THE PROPHET JEREMYE SAYAND ( HAURIETIS ACQUAS DE FONTIBUS SALVATORIS ERGO HABET SALVATOR PLURES FONTES GRACIE EMANANTES ) THE QUHILKIS THE PROPHET PROUVET CLERELY THAT OURE SALVATOUR JHESU CRIST HAD MA WELLIS THAN ANE THAT IS TO UNDERSTAND MA WILLIS THAN ANE. ALSSUA ZIT EFTER THIS WE SULD DECLARE HOW THAT STERN WAS CALLIT BITTER FORTHY THAT THE BITTER HERBE IS SA FELLOUN BITTER OF HIS NATURE THAT QUHEN THE HONY BEIS CUMMYS ON THE FLOUR OF IT AND TAKIS HONY THE HONY IS BITTER AS THE HERBE. AND RYCHT SA DOIS THE FALS OPYNIOUNS OF HERISY MAKIS THE HALY SCRIPTURE SA BITTER THAT IS SUETE THAT IT APPERIS TO THE TREW HERTIS OF THE FAITH BITTER AS THE SOUR HERBE IS IN THE MOUTH SA IS THE HERESY IN GUDE TREUTH THAT LUFIS WELE GOD AND HALY KIRK. AND RYCHT AS EVILL BITTER WATERIS GERRIS MONY FOLK DEE TEMPORALY SA DOIS THE BITTER HERESY AND LOLLARDRY THE SAULE DEE SPIRITUALY FOR THAI AR OUT OF THE FAY AND MAY WITH NA WERKIS WYN MERYT. ( QUIA QUICQUID NON EST EX FIDE PECCATUM EST ) AND THARFORE QUHEN THE DEVILL SAIS THAT THE BATAILL WAS WONYN THAT HE MYCHT BE NA WAY CUM TILL HIS PURPOS ON THIS WIS HE SETT HIM THAN ON ANE OTHIR WIS TO MOVE WERE TILL HALY KIRK AND THE CRISTYN FAITH. THAN SET HE HIM TO MAK DIVISIOUN BATH IN THE KIRK BE SCISMES AND OTHIR WAYIS AS SALL APPERE BE THE ANGEL THAT NEXT FOLOWIS BE THE QUHILK IS UNDERSTANDIN THE TYME OF THE FAITH

HERE FOLOWIS THE VISIOUN OF THE FERDE ANGEL THE QUHILK TROMPIT WITH HIS GRETE BEME AND EFTER THAT TROMP COME TO SANCT JOHNE ANE OTHIR VISIOUN RYCHT MERVAILOUS AND HORRIBLE THAT HIM THOCHT THAT THE THRID PART OF THE SONNE AND THE THRID PART OF THE MONE AND THE THRID PART OF THE STERNIS WAS ALL MERK AND SCHYNYT NOCHT. AND AS TO THIS (MARG) NOTA THE MAREAGH OF KYRK MEN (END OF MARG) VISIOUN IT IS TO WIT THAT THE FERDE TYME OF THE FAITH WAS FRA THE TYME OF THE PAPE AGATHON THE FIRST OF THAT NAME THE QUHILK WAS CALLIT THE FERDE ANGEL THE QUHILK SOUNDIT WELE HIS TROMP QUHEN THE EMPEROUR CONSTANTYN THE FERDE OF THAT NAME BE HIS TRETY MAID A GENERALE COUNSAILE IN THE QUHILK HE ORDANYT MONY DIVERS GUDE ORDINAUNCIS APON THE STATE OF HALY KIRK AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT OTHIR TYMES IT WAS ORDANYT THAT PRESTIS DYAKENYS AND SUBDYAKENIS SULD HAVE NA WOMEN MARYIT AND WAS CONFERMYT IN THAT COUNSELE ZIT WAS THARE ANE EXCEPCIOUN THAT THE PRESTIS OF GRECE SULD NOCHT HALD THAT CONSTITUCIOUN FOR THAY MAY HAVE A WYF ANERLY MAIDIN BOT EFTER HIR DECESS THAI SALL NEVER MARY AGAYNE (MARG) NOTA OF THE HEID KYRK (END OF MARG) ALSSUA IT WAS ORDANYT IN THAT COUNSALE THAT THE KIRK OF ROME SULD BE CALLIT LADY AND MAISTRESS OF ALL CRISTYN KIRKIS. FOR OF BEFORE THE KIRK OF ALEXANDRYE SAID THAT IT WAS THE SOVERANE MAISTRESS OF THE WARLD BOT NOW ROME IS DECLARIT HEDE AND THAIR CAUS WAS FOR THAI SAID THAT SANCT PETIR MAID HIS SEGE THARE AND HIS CHARTER THE QUHILK HE DID NOCHT IN ROME AND ZIT THE PATRYARCH OF ANTIOCHE ALLEGIS THAT HE AW TO BE THE FIRST BE CAUS SANCT PETIR WAS THARE SEVYN ZERE DUELLAND OR EVER HE DUELT IN ROME AND TO MES ALL THIR DEBATIS IT WAS ORDANYT THAT ROME SULD BE PRINCIPALE AND SOVERANE KIRK OF ALL THE WARLD A GOD WATE HE TROMPIT WELE WITH HIS BEME THAT GERT CONDAMPNE ANE HERESY THAT SAID AND HELD THAT JHESU GODDIS SONE WAS NOCHT VERRAY MAN. AND ZIT ALSSUA IS UNDERSTANDIN BE THIS FERDE ANGEL ALL THE PAPIS THAT WAS IN THAT FERDE PASSAGE OF TYME OF THE FAITH FRA THE TYME THAT THIS PAPE AGATHON BEGAN QUHILL

TO THE TYME OF PAPE URBANE THE LAST OF THAT NAME. AND IN THAT TYME WAS THE PAPE LYOUN THE SECOUND THE QUHILK TROMPIT WELE QUHEN HE GERT THROU THE GRACE OF THE HALY GASTE PUT IN THE MESSE ( AGNUS DEI QUI TOLLIS PECCATA ETC ) AND SONE EFTER THAT THE HALY KIRK WAS PUT IN PES AND ALSSUA HE DID A NOTABLE THING THAT MAID THE ACCORDE BETUIX THE KIRK OF THE RAVENEN AND THE KIRK OF ROME THE QUHILK WAS NEVER BEFORE IN OBEISAUNCE BOT DID MEKLE EVILL AND MONY TRIBULACIOUNS TO THE SEGE OF ROME AND THIS PAPE WAS A HALY MAN AND COUDE WELE SPEKE THE LANGAGE OF GRECE AND OF LATYNE. ALSSUA THE PAPE SANCT GREGORE THE SECOUND BLEWE HIS HORNE WELE QUHEN HE CURSIT THE EMPEROURE LYOUN FOR HE HELD A FALS OPYNIOUN THAT NA MAN SULD DO NA REVERENCE NA HONOUR TILL YMAGIS THAT AR MAID IN REMEMBRANCE OF GOD AND OURE LADY AND ALL SANCTIS AND ALL ANGELIS OF GOD. (MARG) NOTA OFF THE POPIS (END OF MARG) HERE EXPOUNDIS HE THE VISIOUN BEFORE SAID OF THE FERDE ANGEL THAT WAS QUHEN HIM THOCHT THAT THE THRID PART OF THE SONNNE WAS BLAKENIT, AND BE CAUS THAT BE THE SONNE IN HALY SCRIPTURE IS VNDERSTANDIN THE PAPE AND SA MONY WAS IN THAT TYME CALLIT PAPIS AND WAS NOCHT SUTHFAST IT WAS LYKE THAT THE THRID PART OF THE SONNE THAT IS THE PAPIS WAS BLAKENYT IN SCISME AND SOROWE FOR EFTER PAPE SERGE THE FIRST AND PAPE JOHNE THE SEXT WAS ANE CALLIT LYOUN MAID BE FORCE OF A LORD OF ROME CALLIT PATRICE. AND ANE OTHIR DOCTOUR OF ROME CALLIT MAISTER MARTIN TELLIS HOW ANE CALLIT STEVYN TUKE THE SEGE OF ROME AND MAID HIM PAPE ON FORCE SONE EFTER THE TYME OF FALS POULE AND SYNE HE WAS PUT OUT AGAYNE ON FORCE AND GERT PUT OUT HIS EYNE AND FOR DESPYTE HE DEIDE. AND EFTER (MARG)JOHANNIS ANGLECUS SCHO VES BORNE IN ANE TOWNE CALLIT MAGUNTIA(END OF MARG) LEOUN WAS CHOSIN A WOMAN PAPE NOCHT WITTAND THAT SCHO WAS A WOMAN THE QUHILK WAS OF INGLAND BORNE AND A NOBLE CLERGES WAS. AND IN THAT TYME BEGAN A GRETE SCISME BETUIX THE GREKIS AND THE LATYNS OF ROME THE QUHILK LESTIT QUHILL THE GRETE GENERALE COUNSELE OF LEOUN PAPE. AND EFTER THAT IN THAT FERDE TYME EFTER PAPE

JOHN THE ( X ) PAPE OF THAT NAME WAS ANE CALLIT JOHNE THE ( XJ ) PAPE THAT WAS FALS PAPE AND ZIT EFTER THAT ANE OTHIR CALLIT JOHNE THE ( XIJ ) AND WAS UNTREULY CHOSYN ALS THE QUHILK WAS A HONTARE AND HAD THE NAME TO BE OF EVILL LYFING AND HE GERT PUT OUT THE EYNE OF TWA CARDYNALIS THAT WAS NOTABLE MEN HALY MEN AND MEN OF GUDE LYF KNAWIN. AND SYNE IN THE NYCHT SODAYNLY THE FENDE WERYIT HIM IN HIS BED. AND ZIT IN THAT FERDE TYME THE PAPE BENET WAS PUT OUT AND THE FALS WIKKIT ROMAYNIS PUT IN ANE OTHIR OF THAIR AUCTORITEE AND MAID GRETE SCISME LANG TYME. ALSSUA IN THE TYME OF ANE OTHIR PAPE BENAIT WAS GRETE ERROUR IN HALY KIRK FOR HE WAS PUT OUT AND ANE OTHIR FORSABILY PUT IN THAT WAS CALLIT SILVESTER THE QUHILK WAS SONE PUT DOUN AND THE FORESAID BENAIT AGAYNE PUT UP AND SONE AGAYN CASTIN DOWN AND ANE CHOSYN AND SACRIT THAI CALLIT JOHNE WAS A CHAPLAYN OF SANCT JOHN DE PORT LATYN AND WAS CALLIT GREGORE THE SEXT AND BE CAUS HE WAS NAT SUFFICIAND TO GOVERNE THE OFFICE HE GERT SACRE ANE OTHIR TO DO THE OFFICE UNDER HIM AND THAN WAS ALL THE WARLD IN TRIBULACIOUN AND SYNE WAR THAI BATH PUT DOUN AND ANE OTHIR CHOSYN. AND ZIT THAT LESTIT NOCHT LANG QUHILL ANE OTHIR CALLIT DAMAS WAS PUT IN THE SEGE WRANGWISLY AND SONE WAS HE PUT DOUN AND ANE CALLIT BENAIT WAS PUT UP FORSABLY AND WAS MAYNTENYT BE THE ROMAYNS BOT HIS TYME LESTIT BOT SEX MONETHIS. ALSSUA THAT LESTIT NOCHT LANG QUHILL IN THE TYME OF PAPE GREGORE THE SEVYNT WITH THE HELP OF THE EMPEROUR WAS THE ARCHBISCHOP OF RAVENNE MAID PAPE IN THE QUHILK TYME MEKLE SOROWE OF SCISME WAS THAT MEKLE DULE WAS TO HERE. AND ZIT EFTER THAT IN THE TYME OF PAPE PESCALE THE SECUND IN THE QUHILK TYME THE TRAYTROUS ROMAYNS MAID THRE WRANG PAPIS. AND ZIT IN THAT FERDE TYME IN THE TYME OF PAPE ALEXANDER ANE CALLIT BRUDY OF THAI FALS PAPIS HAD MEKLE DISES THAT THE CRISTYN FAITH GREW. AND ALSSUA IN THE TYME OF PAPE INNOCENT A FALS TRAYTOUR CALLIT PERIS LEON CALLIT HIM SELF PAPE AND HELD A GRETE

PART OF THE PATRYMONYE OF HALY KIRK ON FORCE AND HAD NOCHT BENE HALY SANCT LOWIS THE GUDE KING OF FRAUNCE, THE VERRAY PAPE SANCT INNOCENT HAD BENE PUT OUT UTTERLY, AND FOR HE WAS CHASSIT IN FRAUNCE, QUHARE HE GAT GUDE HELP AND WAS PUT AGAYNE IN HIS SEGE BE THE SAIDE KING LOWYS THE HALY KING. AND ZIT IN THAT FERDE TYME QUHEN PAPE ALEXANDER REGNYT PAPE THARE WAS MAID AGANIS HIM FOUR FALS PAPIS. AND RYCHT AS BEFORE, THE SAID PAPE ALEXANDER FLED IN FRAUNCE TO THE FORESAID HALY KING LOWIS THE QUHILK PUT HIM IN AGAYNE MAUGRE THE EMPEROUR AND ALL HIS HELPIS OF THE QUHILKIS THE WERE LESTIT LANG. AND THARFORE HAVE I TALD ALL THIR TRIBULACIOUNS SA THAT MEN MAY CLERELY SE THE VISIOUN EXPOUNDIT TREULY. THAT IS TO SAYE THE THRID PART OF THE SONNE WAS OBSCURE AND MIRK, BE THE QUHILK SONNE IS SIGNIFYIT THE THRID PART OF ALL THE PAPIS, FOR IN THE BIBLE HE SAIS GOD MAID TWA GRETE LICHTIS IN HEVIN A LYTILL AND A MEKLE THE MEKLE FOR THE DAY AND THE LYTILL FOR THE NYCHT. AND IN THE SAMYN SEMBLAUNCE MAID HE TWA GRETE GOVERNOURIS OF ALL THIS WARLD HERE DOUN THAT IS TO SAY THE PAPE AND THE EMPEROUR THE PAPE TO BE GOVERNOURE AND LORD OF THE DAY THAT IS OF THE HALY KIRK AND THE CRISTIN FAITH AND THE TOTHIR TO BE LORD AND JUGE OF THE NYCHT WERKIS THAT IS TO SAY OF THE TEMPORALITEE THE QUHILK IS MERK AS NYCHT QUHILL THE SONNE THAT IS THE CRISTYN FAITH GEVE THAM LYCHT FOR THE DIGNITEE OF THE EMPIRE HALDIS OF THE HALY KIRK. AND AS THE MONE TAKIS FRA THE SONNE HIR LICHT SA DOIS THE DIGNITEE IMPERIALE FRA THE DIGNITEE PAPALE. AND THUS MAY BE WELE CLERELY KEND, HOW THE SONNE, THAT IS THE HALY KIRK, HAS BENE FULL OBSCURE WITH THIR FALS ERROURIS AND SCISMES. ALSSUA IN THE TOTHIR PART OF THE VISIOUN QUHARE HE SAIS THAT THE THRID PART OF THE MONE WAS OBSCURIT AND MYRK THAT WAS TREWE FOR BE THE MONE IS SIGNIFYIT THE DIGNITEE IMPERIALE IN THE QUHILK WAS IN THAI DAIS HENRY THE THRID THE QUHILK AT ALL HIS POWER SUSTENYT THE FALS PAPE AND RYCHT SA DID HENRY THE FERDE,

THE QUHILK PUT THE GUDE PAPE PASCALE IN PRISON WITH ALL HIS CARDINALIS. AND ALSSUA IN THE SAMYN WYS, DID THE EMPEROUR FREDERIKE THE FIRST, THE QUHILK WAS AY AGANIS HALY KIRK, AND SA WAS THE EMPEROUR FREDERIKE THE SECUNDE AND GREVIT MEKLE HALY KIRK WITH MONY OTHERIS THAT STUDYIT NOCHT IN THE KEPING OF LEAUTEE BOT MARE IN THE CONTRUSING OF FALSHEDE TO MAK FALS PAPIS AND THARFORE SAIS THE VISIOUN THAT THE THRID PART OF THE MONE WAS MYRK. ALSSUA ZIT EFTER THIS SAIS THE VISIOUN THAT THE THRID PART OF ALL THE STERNIS WAS MYRK RYCHT SA THE QUHILK WAS SUTH. FOR ALL CRISTYN FOLK AR CALLIT STERNIS SCHYNAND IN THE KIRK OF THE FAITH, THE QUHILKIS IN THE WERIS AND SCISMES BEFORESAID WAS ALL IN DIVISIOUN AND IN OBSCURITEE OF SCISME AND OF WERIS SA THAT ARCHLY THE TWA PARTIS STUDE EVYN IN THE FAITH AND SA MYCHT WELE BE SAID THAT THE THRID PART OF THE STERNIS WAS OBUMBRIT WITH MIRKNES OF UNLEAUTEE. AND IN THAT THAT HE SAIS IN THE VISIOUN THAT THARE SCHYNYT NOCHT APON DAY LYCHT BOT THE THRID PARTY THAT IS THE CRISTYN MEN OF THE FAYTH THAT AR OF THE DAY THAT IS UNDERSTANDIN THE KIRKMEN OF THE FAITH THAT SCHYNYT BOT THE THRID PART THAT IS IN GROWING AND HICHTING OF THE FAITH, THE QUHILK SCHYNYT NOCHT IN THAT FERDE TYME. AND BE THE NYCHT IS UNDERSTANDIN THE EMPEROURIS ESTATE AND THE GOVERNAUNCE OF TEMPORALITEE, THE QUHILK IN THAT FERDE TYME HALDIN DERE FOR THE CAUS THAT THAI HELD NA VERITEE NA LEAUTEE IN THE FAITH. ZIT HERE ATOUR SANCT JOHN IN THE APOCALIPS SAWE ANE EGILL FLEAND THROU THE AYRE CRYAND IN THE TA HALF OF THE HEVIN SOROW SOROW SOROWE MOTE FALL TILL ALL INDUELLARIS OF THE ERDE ( ETC ) BE THE QUHILK THRE MANERIS OF TYMES SOROUFULL IS ZIT EFTER THAT SIGNIFYIT TO CUM FOR THARE WAS THRE ANGELIS THAT HAD NOCHT ZIT BLAWIN THAIR BLASTIS THE QUHILKIS THRE BLASTIS WAS ALL THRE TAKYN OF EVILL TYME TOCUM SA THARE SULD BE IN THAME MEKLE PAYNE DOLOUR SCISME AND TRIBULACIOUN AND THAT IN THAT TYME ALL THE WARLD SULD BE FULL OF SOROW SYN AND FILTH. AND THARFORE MAY WE SE BE

THIS THAT THE EXPOSICIOUN OF THE VISIOUN WAS SUTHFASTLY APPROVIT ( ETC ) HERE BEGYNNIS HE TO SPEKE OF THE FYFT ANGEL, AND HOW HE BLEWE BE THE QUHILK IS UNDERSTANDIN AND SIGNIFYIT TILL US THE TYME THAT NOW IS, AND HOW IT IS FULL OF SCISMES TRIBULACIOUNIS AND WERIS CRUELL. APON THE QUHILK FYFT ANGEL THE STORYE OF THE APPOCALIPS SAIS THAT THE FYFT ANGEL TROMPIT AND SONE EFTER SANCT JOHNE SAWE A GRETE STERN FALL OUT OF THE HEVIN IN THE ERDE AND QUHARE IT FELL IT SEMYT THAT THARE RAIS OUT A REYK AND STRAKE UP IN THE HEVIN AGAYNE AS IT HAD BENE OUT OF THE PITT OF HELL LYKE A MOUTH OF A GRETE DRAW WELL AS IT WAR OUT OF A GRETE FURNAS AND THAT BATH THE SONNE AND THE AIRE WAS ALL OURE BLAKENYT AND OBSCURIT WITH THE REIK THAT STRAKE VP IN THE AIRE, FRA THAT FURNAS AS A MOUTH OF A MEKLE DRAW WELL. THE QUHILK VISIOUN BETAKENIS THAT PAPE URBANE THE FYFT TO BE THIS FYFT ANGEL THE QUHILK TROMPIT NOCHT EVILL WITH HIS BEME QUHEN FOR ALL THE DAYES OF HIS LYF HE HELD THE COURT OF ROME CLERE AND CLENE OF ALL SYMONY AND SCHEWE IN DEDE THAT HE LUFIT IT NOCHT NA NANE THAT DELT WITH IT AND ALSA WALD HE NOCHT GRETE BENEFICIS NA GRETE DIGNITEIS TILL UNWORTHY PERSOUNS GEVE FOR NA REQUESTIS OF KINGIS NA PRINCIS. BOT OUR ALL THE WARLD QUHARE HE WIST ANE HONOURABLE OR WORTHY CLERK QUHARE EVER HE WAR SUPPOS HE COME NOCHT TO HIS PRESENCE OF HIS PROPRE MOUVEMENT FOR GUDE RENOUN OF THAME HE GAVE THAME THE GRETE BENEFICIS AND DIGNITEIS AND WALD GER MAK INQUISICIOUN QUHARE THE MAIST WORTHY AND NOTABLE CLERKIS WAR, TO GEVE THAME THE MAIST NOTABLE AND WORTHY BENEFICIS AND NOCHT FOR KNAULAGE OF COSYNAGE NA GOSSAPPIS NA COMMARIS OF CARDINALIS NA OTHIR OFFICIARIS OF THE COURT THE QUHILK GERT ALSSUA TAK UP THE HEDIS OF SANCT PETIR AND SANCT PAULE AND ALSA THE BANIS OF SANCT ELIZERE THE ERLE OF DANCE AND GERT CANONIZE HYM AS CONFESSOUR. THIS ILKE NOBLE PAPE URBANE GERT MAK WITHALL THIS, MONY NOTABLE

KIRKIS AND MONY HALY MENNIS BANIS GERT PUT IN RELIQUIS IN GOLD AND SILVER PRECIOUSLY IN THE HONOUR OF THE HALY SANCTIS THAT THAI WAR OF THE QUHILK AS ANGEL BLEWE SA WELE HIS BEME THAT HE WAS LUFIT AND LOVIT AND HONOURIT THROUOUT ALL THE WARLD FOR HIS GUDENES SA THAT FOR THE HONOUR OF HIS PERSONE ALL PRINCIS KINGIS DUKIS COME TO VISYTE HIM IN PROPRE PERSONE TO THE COURT OF ROME AS THE EMPEROURE OF ALMAYNE THE NOBLE KING OF FRAUNCE JOHAN THE KING OF CIPRE THE KING OF NAVARRE AND MONY OTHIR THAT LANG WAR TO COUNT. BOT AS TO THE VISIOUN OF THE STERNE THAT FELL IN THE ERDE. IT SIGNIFYIT ANE CALLIT BARTILMEW THE GREDY AVARICIUS AND THAT I SALL WELE TELL ZOW HOW. FORTHY THAT THE PAPE IS LYKENYT TO THE SONNE IN THE HALY KIRK AND IN THE CRISTIN FAITH, FOR RYCHT AS THE PAPE GIF HE BE A GUDE HALY MAN AS HE AW TO BE LICHTNIS ALL THE LAVE OF THE CRISTIN FAITH SA DOIS THE SONNE ALL THE WARLD BOT ZIT MAY NOCHT THE PAPE BE HE NEVER SA GUDE, BE OUR-ALL TO GOVERNE THAME. AND RYCHT SA AR THE PRELATIS OF THE KIRK, AS CARDINALIS, ARCHBISCHOPIS AND BISCHOPIS, AND OTHERIS IN THAIR DEGREIS AR LIKENYT TO THE STERNIS IN THE HEVIN OF THE FAITH TO GEVE LYCHT TO THE SMALL PEPLE ILKANE AS THAME EFFERIS. AND EFTER AS THIS STERN THAT FELL MAID A PITT IN THE ERDE, AND LIKE A MOUTH OF A GRETE DRAWE WELL, OF THE QUHILK THARE COME OUT SIK A MYSTY SMOKE OF HIDOUS REIK LYKE AS IT WAR OUT OF THE PITT OF HELL TO THAT WE MAY WELE LYKYN THE GREDY COVATIS AND AVARICE OF THE SAID BARTILMEW FOR RYCHT AS IN THE PITT OF HELL, IS ANE UNFILLABLE GREDY APPETITE TO SUELLY ALL MISDOARIS AND NEVER MAY BE STANCHIT SA IS THARE IN THE AVARICIOUS MAN ANE UNFILLABLE GREDY COVATIS OF GOLD, QUHILK MAY NEVER BE STANCHIT IN THIS LYF. OFF THE QUHILK ALL OTHIR EVILL CUMMYS AS RAPYNE AND THIFT, AND MURTHIR, USURE, SCISME, SYMONY, TRESOUNS, AND MONY OTHERIS THAT TERE IS TO TELL, AND THARFORE SAIS THE HALY SCRIPTURE, ( RADIX OMNIUM MALORUM CUPIDITAS ) THROU THE QUHILK ALSA AVARICE MONY WRANG PAPIS HAS BENE MAID AND MEKIL

HERESY CUMMYN ANDE MONY SAULE DAMPNYT AND THARFORE SULD NA MEN FERLY THAT THIS AVARICE BE LIKENYT TO THE PIT OF HELL. FOR SUPPOS ALL THE SAULIS THAT EVER WAS OR SALBE WAR IN HELL ZIT WAR IT NOCHT CONTENT. AND RYCHT SA WAR ALL THE GUDE OF THE WARLDE THE AVARICIOUS MANNIS ZIT WALD HE HAVE MARE SIK IS THE NATURE OF IT. FOR RYCHT AS THE FENDIS HAS TYNT LIBERALITEE FREDOME OF LIBERALITEE SA HAS THE AVARICIOUS MAN TYNT HIS FREDOME OF FREE WILL FOR HE IS THRALL AND SUBIECT TO THE GUDE AND MON FOLOW IT AND NOCHT HIS AWIN WILL. AND THARFORE IS HE CALLIT A SERVAND TO FALS GODDIS ( QUIA AVARICA EST YDOLORUM SERVITUS ) NOW THUS MON WE SE HOW THIS STERN MAY BE COMPERIT TO THE SAID BARTILMEWE THE QUHILK IS FALLYN FRA THE HEVIN DOUN IN THE ERDE AND IS BECUMMYN IN THE MOUTH OF THE PITT OF HELL FOR HE FELL OF THE HEVIN THAT IS THE HALY KIRK IN THE MOUTH OF THE PYTT OF HELL THAT IS AVARICE. AND THAT IS CLERE TILL UNDERSTAND, QUHEN HE MAID CARDINALIS THAT THROU COVATIS OPNYT THE PITT OF HELL TO GADER GOLD FOR SYMONY AND TUKE NOCHT THE REDE HAT OF CARDYNALE FOR THE GUDE OF HALY KIRK, BOT FOR THE GLORE THE WELTH AND COVATIS OF THE WARLDIS GUDE THE QUHILK IS THE BLUDE OF THE PURE WARLD THAT THAI LYTT THAIR REDE CARDINALE HATTIS WITH WITH USURE SCISME AND SACRILEGE. FOR HE GERT GEVE ALL BENIFICIS TILL ALL THAT WALD MAK COFT THAREON TAK AND HAVE AND LUKIT NOCHT TO THE GUDE CLERKIS NA THE WORTHY MEN OF LYF BOT TO THAME THAT WAS OF SIK LYKE CONDICIOUN AS HE WAS OFF THE QUHILK AVARICE SYMONY SCISME AND USURE THE MYSTY REIK IS PASSIT FRA THE MOUTH OF THE PITT OF HELL UP IN HEVIN AND GREVIS GOD IN HIS HYE MAJESTEE FOR THAI THAT AR TAKARIS OF BENEFICIS FRA THE SAID BARTILMEWE AR ALS FOULE IN THE DEDE AS HE HIM SELFE FOR THAI AR ALL SMYTTIT WITH THAT ILKE MYRKNES OF THE QUHILK THE STERNIS WAS BLEKKIT. AND THAI THAT HAS TANE BENEFICE OF HIM DAR NOCHT FOR DOUT OF TYNSALE OF THAIR BENEFICIS SAY OTHIR WAYIS, BOT THAT HE WAS RYCHTWIS PAPE. AND WITH THAT THAI HAVE CONTRUSIT SA MONY LESINGIS, CAUTELIS AND FALS

INSTRUMENTIS WITH COUNTERFETIT SELIS, THAT WITH THAIR FALS PISTLIS THAY HAVE CORRUMPIT MONY REALMES, PRINCIS AND LORDIS, AND CONTREIS OF THE CRISTYN FAITH, AND THUS THROU THE CORRUPCIOUN OF THE MEMBRIS, THE PAPE THAT IS LYKNYT TO THE SONNE, IS BLAKENYT AND ENUMBRIT, AND THE AYRE WITHALL, THE QUHILK SIGNIFYIS THE HALY OBEISAUNCE OF THE CRISTIN FAITH, THAT IS BLEKKIT AND OUR-THRAWIN WITH THE FALS GOVERNAUNCE OF THAM THAT SULD BE PILLARIS OF THE KIRK, THE QUHILKIS HAS MAID TROUBLE THAT WAS CLERE UNDISTROUBLIT. AND ZIT HE SPEKIS MARE FURTHIRLY OF THE FORESAID VISIOUN FOR TO PROVE MARE CLERELY THE FORESAID THINGIS. FOR AS THE VISIOUN SPEKIS, THARE COME OF THAT REIK A MANER OF BESTIS CALLIT LUNGOUTIS, THE QUHILKIS WAR OF THE KYNDE OF (MARG)THE NATUR AND CONDITION OF ROMAYNIS(END OF MARG) SCORPIOUNS WITH STANGIS, BE THE QUHILKIS AR UNDERSTANDIN THE FALS TRAYTOURIS ROMAYNS, THE QUHILKIS COME APON THE ERDE, THAT IS THE COLLEGE OF PRELATIS, AND OTHERIS FALOWIS AND NYCHBOURIS OF THE KIRK. BOT QUHEN HE SAIS IN THE VISIOUN THAT POWER WAS GEVYN THAM LYKE TO SCORPIOUNS, FOR AS SAIS THE MAISTER OF PROPRIETEIS OF BESTIS A SCORPIOUN IS AS A WORM OF THE ERDE, THE QUHILK SOFTLY AND SUETELY TOUCHIS TILL MANNIS FLESCH, AND SOFTLY CLAWIS WITH HIR CLUKIS, AND PLESANDLY BERIS HIR IN COMPANY, BOT SCHO HAS A STANG AS A SERPENT, THAT SCHO STANGIS TO DEDE AT THE LAST. AND TREULY TO SAY RYCHT, SA DOIS THE ROMAYNES, FOR EFTER THE DEDE OF PAPE GREGORE, THAI RECONFORTIT THE CARDINALIS WITH SUETE AND FAIRE WORDIS, EXHORTAND THAME THAT RYCHT- WISLY AND ORDOURLY THAI WALD MAK LAUFULL ELECTIOUNS IN HALYNES AND CHARITEE, AND HICHT AND SUORE TO SAUF THAME, AND KEPE THAME SEKIRLY FRA ALL HARME. BOT QUHEN THAI WAR IN THE CONCLAVE, THAI BRAK IN APON THAME AND BOSTIT THAME, AND SUM THAI STRAKE, AND SUM THAI REVIT JOWELLIS FRA, AND SUM THAI MANASIT TO SLA, BOT THAI CHESIT AT THAIR PLESAUNCE SA THAT THAI FLED HERE AND THARE. AND THUS THAI STANGIT WITH THE TAILE, AS THE SCORPIOUN. TO THE

QUHILKIS ROMAYNES SANCT BERNARD SAYS TO THE PAPE SPEKAND, CALLIT HEUYGENY, GIF ZE WILL WIT THE NATURE AND CONDICIOUN OF ROMAYNES, THAI AR TO THAIRE NYCHTBOURIS VERAY INYMYES, TILL ALL STRANGEARIS UNKYNDELY, AND FREMMYT WITH INHUMANITEE, UNTREWE AND UNLELE TO THAIR SOVERAYNIS LORDIS, AND UNACORDABLE WITH WYSARE THAN THAME SELF, NOCHT LARGE OF GIFT, AND REDILY WIL TAK AND WELE CAN WARNE, AND NOCHT WILL CESS OF CRAVING QUHILL THAI GET GRAUNT, AND LITILL THANK FOLOWIS EFTER THAI RESSAVE THE GIFT, AND GRETE VANTOURIS OF LITILL FOREDEDE, AND SAIS THAI CAN MEKLE WELE DO, BOT LITILL CUMMYS IN DEDE, AND REDILY WILL MAK GRAUNT AND HECHT, AND LYTILL FULFILL IN DEDE, NA IN THAIR THOCHT IS NOCHT TO FULFILL THAIR HECHT, AND SUETELY WILL FLECHE WITH FAIR FLATERYE BEFORE FOLKIS VISAGE, AND BITTERLY AND UNMODERLY WILL BAKBYTE BEHYND BAKKIS, AND REPROVANDLY LAK THAT THAI BEFORE HAD LOVIT, AND MAKIS FAIRE SEMBLAND BEFORE AS THAI WAR SYMPLE AS A DOW BUT GALL, BUT BEHYND BAK THAI STANG AS ANE EDDER. AND EFTER THIS SAIS THE VISIOUN THAT THE COMMANDEMENT WAS MAID TO THAI LOUNGOUTIS THAT THAI SULD NOCHT NOY TO THE TREIS, NA HERBIS NA GRENE THING, BE THE QUHILK GRENE THINGIS IS UNDERSTANDIN THE SYMPLE PEPLE THAT AR OF IGNORAUNCE, THE QUHILKIS GAVE TROUTH AND CREDENCE TO THE ROMAYNES, AND WENDE THAI HAD DONE WELE, AND TRAISTIT THAT THAIR DOCTRINE HAD BENE TREW AND LELE, RYCHT AS THE GRETE MAISTERIS OF THE JEWIS GERT THE SYMPLE FOLK TROWE THAT JHESU CRIST WAS A FALS PROPHETE, AND THAT ALL HIS DOCTRYNE WAS HERESY, AND THAI WENAND WELE TO DO, TROWIT ALL THAT THAI SAID UNDER UMBRE OF GUDE FAITH, AND WAS DISSAVIT, WENAND THROU THAIR COUNSAIL TO WYN THE JOY OF PARADISE, AND WAN MONY OF THAME HELL TO THAIR MEDE, FOR QUHILKIS OURE LORD JHESU CRIST PRAYIT QUHEN HE WAS IN THE CROCE, AND SAID -- FADER FORGEVE THIR SYMPLE FOLK THAT WATE NOCHT QUHAT THAI DO. AND RYCHT SA TRAISTIS WELE THAT THARE IS MONY ANE THAT TROWIS THAT BARTILMEWE WAS VERRAY PAPE, FOR FALS INFORMACIOUN OF OTHERIS, THE QUHILKIS HELD NOCHT

HIS QUERELE SA ERE, FOR VERITEE OF THE FAITH, AS THAI DID FOR PROUFFIT THAT THAI GAT THROU HIM, AND FOR DISSAIT AND MALICE OF THE TOTHIR ADVERS PARTY. ALSSUA BE THE GRENE THINGIS, MAY BE UNDERSTANDIN THE WYS MEN AND WYS CLERKIS, THE QUHILKIS KEND THE FALSHEDE OF THE ROMAYNES AND THE SUBTILITEE, AND HOW THEI GERT BE FORCE CHES THIS ILKE BARTILMEW, AND THAREFORE THAY TROWIT NOCHT HE WAS PAPE. AND SA DID THAY NOCHT THE FALS OPYNIOUN OF THE ROMAYNES, FOR THAY KEND THE CAS. AND ZIT THE ANGEL BAD THAI SULD NOCHT NOY TO THE TREIS, THAT IS TO SAY PRINCIS, AND PRELATIS, AND WIS MEN IN DIGNITEIS TEMPORALE, OR SPIRITUALE, QUHILKIS AR TREW PILLARIS OF THE CRISTYN FAITH, THE QUHILKIS HALDIS THE VERRAY TREW TRACE OF THE HALY CRISTYN FAITH EFTER THE KIRK OF ROME, AND THE TREW HALY COLLEGE, THE QUHILKIS LORDIS, PRELATIS AND PRINCIS MAY NOCHT FOR NA MEDE NA OTHIR TYSSING, OR GUGLYNG, OR WRANG PRECHING, NA GIFTIS GEVING, NA OTHIR WAYIS MAY NOCHT BE BOUCHT TO BE AGAYNE THE LAUTEE, NA THE SUTHFASTNES OF THE FAITH, SIK AS AR THE PRINCIS AND PRELATIS OF FRAUNCE, AND THE NOBLEIS AND RIALIS, QUHILKIS WALD MAIR SUSTENE SCISMES NA HERISIES AGAYNE THE KIRK, NA MANETENE FALS ANTEPAPIS, AS ALD STORIES CAN WELE SCHAWE. BOT ZIT REMAYNIS TO DECLARE HOW TO THIS FORESAID BARTILMEWE WAS GEVIN THE KEYIS OF THE PITT OF HELL. AND AS ANENT THAT POYNT, ZE SALL UNDERSTAND THAT OURE LORD QUHEN HE HAD THOLIT HERE PYNE AND PASSIOUN FOR OURE REDEMPCIOUN, HE GAVE THE KEYIS OF HEVIN ZETTIS TO SANCT PETIR, OF THE QUHILKIS KEYIS THARE IS TWA, THAT IS TO SAY, ANE, BE THE QUHILK HE HAS ALL HALE POWERE TILL OPYN AND TO STEKE, AND THAT IS CALLIT THE KEY OF JURISDICCIOUN. AND ZIT IS THARE ANE OTHIR, THE QUHILK IS CALLIT THE KEY OF DISTRICTIOUN, BE THE QUHILK HE HAS KNAULAGE AND POWER HOW HE SULD OPYN AND STEKE, IN QUHAT TIME, AND IN QUHAT CAS AND IN QUHAT FORME. AND GIF THE KEY OF JURISDICCIOUN DOIS THING THAT IT AW NOCHT TO DO, BE THE KEY OF DISTRICCIOUN THAT SULD

BE OF LYTILL VALEUR, AS I SALL SCHAW ZOW BE EXEMPLE. AS (MARG)NOTA OFF CURSYNG(END OF MARG) GIF THE PAPE WALDE CURS A MAN, FOR HE WALD BIG ANE ALMOUS HOUS, OR FAST THE LADY FASTYNG IN BREDE AND WATER, OR FOR HE GEVIS OUR GRETE ALMOUS DEDE. CERTAYNLY, SUPPOS HE CURS HIM BE THE POWER OF THE KEYE OF JURISDICTIOUN, ZIT IS HE NOCHT CURSIT BE THE KEYIS OF DISTRICTIOUN, FOR THE KEY OF JURISDICTIOUN MAY CURS FRA WARLDLY COMMONYNG THAT NA MAN COMMOUN, BOT HE IS NOCHT CURSIT AS TO GODWART NA OF THAT HE HAS NA POWER. BOT THAN AGAYN TILL OURE PURPOS, QUHAT KEY WAS GEVIN TO THIS BARTILMEW, CERTAYNLY THE KEY OF THE JURISDICTIOUN OF AVARICE AND OF FOLYE, OF PRESUMPCIOUN AND OF TYRANYE, AND NOCHT OF GUDE OCCUPACIOUN, AND THAT WAS GRETE PITEE AND GRETE SCATH, FOR IT HAS LESTIT SA LANG, AND AY THE LANGAR THE MARE COVATOUS, AND MARE GREDY THE QUHILK, BOT GOD SETT REMEDE, IT PASSIS ALL MANIS POWER TO SETT REMEDE. AND THUS MAY MEN SE CLERELY AND UNDERSTAND (MARG)NOTA OF THE FAYTHE(END OF MARG) HOW, SEN THE PASSIOUN OF CRIST, THE CRISTYN FAITH AND THE HALY KIRK WAS NEVER ZIT IN PES, NA IN REST, BOT EVERMARE IN WERIS, AND IN PERSECUCIOUN AND DISCENSIOUN. AND BE CAUS THE KIRK IS AND WAS EVER WOUNT TO HAVE WERIS AND PERSECUCIOUN, MEN SULD UNDERSTAND THAT THIS CUMMYS OF GRACE, FOR AY THE MARE THAT WIKKIT TYRANE EMPEROURIS AND PRINCIS HAS PRESSIT THAME TO PUT THE FAITH ABAK, THE MARE IT IS MULTIPLYIT AND GROWIN, (QUIA VIRTUS IN INFIRMITATE PERFICITUR), FOR THE FAITH HAS TANE MARE HIENES AND STRENTH THROU THE TRIBULACIOUNS AND PERSECUCIOUNS, AND MARTERDOME OF HALY MARTERIS, AND THROU THE MYRACLIS OF THAME, NA IT DID FOR THE PASSIOUN OF CRIST, FOR THE TANE HAS VERIFYIT THE TOTHIR, AND BORNE WITNES THAT HE WAS THE RYCHT MAN, AS HIM SELF SAID, QUHEN HE TUKE HIS LEVE FRA HIS APOSTLIS, SAYAND, ( ET ENTIS MICHI TESTES, IN OMNI JUDEA, ET SAMARIA, USQUE AD EXTREMUM TERRE.) AND THARFORE WAS THE HALY KIRK FOUNDIT IN HYE DEVOCIOUN AND FAITH, BOT NOCHT BUT TRIBULACIOUN, AND THE BETTER IS, FOR TRIBULACIOUN IS WORTHY SACRIFICE. AND

OF THE TRIBULACIOUN AND DEDE OF HALY MEN, THE FIRST RENOUN COME TO HALY KIRK QUHEN IT WAS IN GRETE POVERTEE, AND MEKLE SUPPREST, AS IN THE TYME OF SANCT SILVESTER AND CONSTANTYN, AND UP LIFTIT IN GRETE POWER AND GRETE DOMINATIOUN OUR ALL THE CRISTYNDOME. AND NOW BE CAUS OF THIS DIVISIOUN, ALL THE WARLD IS IN A WYLDE THOCHT, UNSTEDEFAST AND NOCHT THAN, I HAVE NOCHT UNDERTANE TO SPEKE, NA TELL ALL THE DECLARACIOUN OF THIS AVISIOUN, NA OF THE ACCOMPLISMENT OF THIS FYFT VISIOUN, NA TO DECLARE THE INTERPRETACIOUN OF IT. FOR THIS FYFT TYME THAT IS SIGNIFYIT TILL US BE THIS FYFT ANGEL, THE QUHILK WILL LEST ALS LANG AS THE LORD THAT ALL GOVERNIS LYKIS THAT IT LEST, AND THERFOR SULD I UNDERTAK TO SPEKE MARE FORTHIRLY. IT WALD SEME TO FOLK THAT I WALD SPEKE OF THE THINGIS THAT PERTENIS TO GODDIS PRIVETEE OF THE TYME THAT IS FOR TOCUM, THE QUHILK NA ERDELY MAN MAY DO THAT IS IN THIS MORTALL LYF HERE, BOT GIF IT WAR REVELIT TILL HIM OF THE WILL OF GOD, BE THE HALY GASTE. AND SEN THAT, WE HAVE OUR SENE HOW THE KIRK AND THE CRISTYN FAITH HAS BENE, AND IS IN WERIS PERSECUCIOUN AND TRIBULACIOUN, BOT I HAVE NOCHT ZIT DECLARIT HOW THE WERIS OF THE HALY KIRK AND OF THE CRISTYN FAITH AR MARE PERILOUS THAN THE WERIS THAT AR AMANG KINGIS AND PRINCIS, AND THARFORE, MON WE RETOURN AGAYNE TO THE THINGIS THAT I SPAK OF IN THE BEGYNNYNG, AND HOW, AND IN QUHAT MANER THE SAID WERIS AR MARE PERILOUS OF THE FAITH AND THE HALY KIRK, BE CAUS THAI TOUCH BATH SLAUGHTER OF BODY AND SAULE, AND THE WERIS AMANG KINGIS AND PRINCIS TOUCHIS BOT ANERLY THE TYNSALE OF THE BODY AND OF THE TEMPORAL LYF, THAT IS LYTILL TO SETT BY, BE TYNSALE OF THE SAULE AND OF THE EVERLESTAND LYF, THAT IS THE SOVERANE JOYE OF PARADIS, TO THE QUHILK HE US BRING, THAT BATHE OF HEVYN AND ERDE IS KING (AMEN, ETC) AND NOW, TO SCHAWE TO ZOUR HIENES IN ZOUR ZOUTHEDE, IN QUHAT MANER THE JURISDICTIOUN OF THE TEMPORALE KINGIS AND PRINCIS HAS BENE IN GRETE TRIBULACIOUN IN THE TYME ANCIEN BYPAST, I THINK TO SCHAWE SUM PART IN THE MAIST GUDELY WYS I CAN OR MAY, (ETC.) HERE ENDIS THE FIRST PART OF THE BUKE OF BATAILLIS, AND HERE EFTER FOLLOWIS THE DECLARACIOUN OF THE RUBRYIS OF THE SECUND BUKE (ETC)

IN THE FIRST; OF THE PERSECUCIOUN AND DE- STRUCTIOUN OF THE FOUR GRETE REALMES (CAP.I) ITEM, HOW AND IN QUHAT TYME THE CITEE OF ROME WAS FIRST FOUNDIT (CAP. II) ITEM, IN QUHAT TYME GOVERNYT THE SENATOURIS (CAP.III) ITEM, OF THE GOVERNEMENT OF THE KING TULES (CAP. IV) ITEM, OF THE KING FERNICLE ARCHY (CAP.V) ITEM, EFTER OF THE KING TARQUYN (CAP. VI) ITEM, OF THE DEDE OF KING ALEXANDER (CAP. VII) ITEM, HERE HE SPEKIS OF GRETE ARCHILE CONSUL OF ROME (CAP. VIII) ITEM, HERE SPEKIS HE OF GRETE SCHIR SEMPNY CONSUL OF ROME (CAP. IX) ITEM, OF THE GRETE WORTHYNES OF SCHIR SYPRE CONSUL OF ROME (CAP. X) ITEM, HOW GRETE CARTAGE WAS DESTROYIT (CAP. XI) ITEM, HOW THE ALMAYNIS WAN A BATAILL APON THE ROMAYNS (CAP. XII) ITEM, OF SCILLA THE GRETE INYMY OF THE ROMAYNS (CAP. XIII) ITEM, HOW THE PROVINCIS MAID JULIUS CESAR THAIR LORD, FOR HIS WORTHYNESS (CAP. XIV) ITEM, HOW THAT FORTUNE IS RYCHT VARIABLE (CAP. XV) ITEM, HERE HE SPEKIS OF SCHIR ARTHOMA CONSUL OF ROME (CAP. XVI) ITEM, SPEKIS HE OF A QUESTIOUN, BE THE QUHILK THAR COME FIRST JURISDICTIOUN AMANG MEN (CAP. XVII) ITEM, HERE HE TELLIS QUHA WAS FIRST JUGE AMANG MEN (CAP XVIII)

(HEAD)HERE BEGYNNIS THE CHAPTER OF THE TRIBULACIOUN, AND DESTRUCTIOUN OF THE FOUR GRETE REALMES.(END OF HEAD) OROSIUS TELLIS IN HIS BUKIS, SPEKAND TO SANCT AUGUSTYN, THAT FRA THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE WARLD TILL THE BEGYNNYNG OF ROME, THARE PASSIT FOUR THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRETH FOUR SCORE AND FOUR ZERIS. AND FRA THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE CITEE OF ROME TILL THE NATIVITEE OF JHESU CRIST OURE SOVERANE LORD, THAR WAS FYVE HUNDRETH FOUR SCORE AND NYNTENE ZERE. THUS SULD MEN WIT THAT, IN THE MENE TYME, THE DOCTOURIS, CRONYKIS, AND STORIES MAKIS MEKLE GRETE LANGAGE, AND SPECH, AND GRETE FESTIS ABUNE ALL THE LORDSCHIPPIS OF THE WARLD, AND APON ALL THE REALMES, AND NAMELY APON THE FOUR GRETE REALMES, AND THAIR DESTRUCTIOUNS. AND FIRST OF THE REALME OR THE EMPIRE OF BABILONIE, THE QUHILK WAS BEGONNYN IN THE EST, AND IN THE TYME OF ABRAHAM. AND THE SECOUND WAS OF THE REALME OF CARTAGE, THE QUHILK BEGAN IN THE TYME OF THE IUGIS, THE QUHILK IS CALLIT IN THE BIBLE ( JUDICUM ) IN LATYN. AND IN THAT TYME THARE REGNYT A DUKE CALLIT COLLAS. AND THE THRID REALME OR EMPIRE WAS MACEDONE, THE QUHILK BEGAN IN THE SOUTH, BE THE GRETE ALEXANDER, IN THE TYME OF THE MACABEIS. THE FERDE REALME OR EMPIRE WAS ROME, THE QUHILK BEGAN IN THE WEST, BE ANE THAT WAS CALLIT ROMEL. AND THUS MAY MEN SE THAT FORTUNE CUMMYS QUHILE TILL ANE, QUHILE TILL OTHIR, AND THARFORE SAIS THE WYS MAN THAT NA MAN SULD, FOR OUR GRETE RICHESS NA HONOUR THAT FORTUNE SENDIS, BE OUR BLYTHE, NA FOR OUR GRETE DISPLESANCE OR DESTRESS (MARG)NOTA(END OF MARG) BE OUR DISCONFOURT OR AFERDE, FOR OFT TYMES SUM MEN WENIS TO BE AT OUTHE AND ABUNE THAT IS AT UNDIR, AND OTHIR WENIS THAI AR ALL AT UNDER, AND ZIT GOD PUTTIS THAME ABUNE. AND GIF ZE WILL WIT QUHILK WAS MEKLE MARE NA OTHIR, THAT WAS THE FIRST, AND THE LAST BATHE OF NOBLESS OF POWER, AND OF DURABILITEE EFTER, AS SAIS THE DOCTOURIS. AND ALS THAI SAY THAT BABILONE WAS DESTROYIT BE A KING

CALLIT CIRUS, AND THAT WAS DONE IN THE TYME OF ESDRE THE PROPHET, ( ET DE ) ZACHARIE, FOR THAT KING SETT HIM TO HAVE SENZEOURY OF ALL THE ORIENT. AND AS TO THAT, HE FAILIT NOCHT MEKLE OF HIS PURPOS, FOR TREULY HE WAN WORTHILY MEKLE OF IT, QUHILL HE COME TOWART BABILONE, THE QUHILK WAS THE FAIREST, THE MICHTIEST AND THE RICHEST OF ALL THE LAND OF CALDEE. BOT IT HAD A RYVER NERE BY THE SAID CITEE, THE QUHILK WAS CALLIT EUFRATES, THAT WAS SA GRETE THAT THE KING WITH HIS HOST MYCHT NOCHT PAS IT. AND SA WAS THARE A HARDY KNYCHT AVENTURER, THE QUHILK WAS MICHTILY HORSIT, AND OF GRETE CURAGE, AND THOCHT TO FYND A PASSAGE, BOT WITH THE STRENTH OF THE WATER HE WAS BORNE DOUNE AND DROWNYT, OF THE QUHILK THE KING HAD GRETE SOROWE, AND MAID HIS VOWE THAT, OR HE PARTIT FRA THYNE, HE SULD MAK THAT RYVER SA LYTILL THAT A WYF PASSAND THE CONTREE SULD NOCHT WETE HIR KNEIS TILL OURWADE IT. AND HE HELD GUDE CONNAND, FOR QUHARE IT PASSIT BEFORE THROU THE GRETE CITEE ALL TOGEDER, HE GERT IT PAS IN MA NA FYFTY BURNIS, SEVERALY, ILKANE BY OTHIR WITHOUT THE TOUNE ON AITHIR SYDE, APON THE PLAYN FERR FEILDIS FRA THE TOUNE. AND SA WAS THE CITEE TANE, AND DESTROYIT ALLUTERLY AT ALL POYNTIS. OFF THE QUHILK THING SPEKIS THE NOBLE DOCTOUR OROSIUS, THAT IT WAS NOCHT LYKE AS THAT CITEE HAD BENE MAID BE MANNIS HANDIS, NA WAS LIKE THAT IT MYCHT BE DESTROYIT BE MANNIS HANDIS, FOR IT HAD THE WALLIS OF HICHT OF FIFTY CUBITIS, AND OF GRETE THIKNES, AND WAS OF FYVE SCORE OF PORTIS IN THE WALLIS, AND ALL THE WALLIS ALL OUR FENSIT WITH PLATIS OF METALL. AND ALL THUS ENDIT BABILONE THE MERVAILOUS, THAT WES OF SA GRETE MYCHT AND COME TO NOCHT. BOT AS IN THIS PART OF THIS BUKE MYN ENTENCIOUN IS NOCHT TO SPEKE OF THE CITEE OF MACEDONE, BE CAUS THAT ALEXANDER FOUNDIT IT, AND OF HIM THARE IS A GRETE BUKE AND OF HIS DEDIS, THE QUHILK I WILL NOCHT HERE REHERS, BOT OF THE TOTHIR TWA I WILL SPEKE. FOR SPEKAND OF THE TANE, I MON SPEKE OF THE TOTHIR, FOR QUHY THAT THAI OF

ROME MAID THE DESTRUCTIOUN OF CARTAGE, AS WE SALL HERE DECLARE. HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR IN QUHAT TYME AND HOW ROME WAS FIRST BEGUNNYN, AND, AS THAREAPON SPEKIS OROSIUS THE NOBLE DOCTOUR, SAYAND THAT EFTER THE CREACIOUN OF THE WARLD, FOUR THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRETH FOUR SCORE AND FOUR ZERIS, AND THIS WAS EFTER THE DESTRUCCIOUN OF TROYE FOUR HUNDRETH AND FYFTY FOURE ZERIS. AND IN THAT TYME WAS KING OF JUDE ANE CALLIT ATHAM. AND SA SULD MEN UNDERSTAND THAT, OR ROME WAS MAID OR BIGGIT THARE WAS THARE A LORDE CALLIT SATURNUS, THE QUHILK HAD A SONE THAT HAD SA GRETE HATERENT, AND DEDELY WERE TILL HIS FADER, THAT HE HID HIM FOR DREDE OF HIS SONE, IN A GRETE FOREST QUHARE NOW IS ROME. AND IN THAT TYME THAI CONTREIS WERE CALLIT LOMBARDYE, AND IN THE TYME BYGANE LESCONDIRE. THE QUHILK SATURNE TECHIT THE FOLK OF THAT CONTREE TO MAK HOUSIS, AND LABOUR CORNIS, AND WYNIS, AND FRUYTE TREIS, AND TO GOVERNE AS FOLK THAT THOCHT TO THRYUE. FOR THE FOLK OF THAT CONTREE BEFORE THAT, COUD GRATH NA METE, BOT LYVIT APON THE RAW FRUYTIS AS BESTIS. AND THARFORE THE CONTREE FOLK MAID HIM THAIR LORDE, AND SUM OF THAME CALLIT HIM THAIR GOD, FOR CAUS HE TECHIT THAIM NEW LYFING. AND THUS, QUHEN HE WAS KING, FOR THE DREDE HE HAD OF HIS SONE, HE MAID A CITEE, AND CALLIT IT EFTER HIS NAME SATURNE, THAT WAS CALLIT SENSYNE SCITUS. AND THARE, WAS THE FIRST QUHETE THAT EVER WAS SAWIN WITH MAN. AND EFTER THE DECESS OF THIS KING, REGNYT HIS SONE CALLIT PIRUS. AND NEXT EFTER HIM, ANE OTHIR KING, HIS SONE, CALLIT LATYN, THE QUHILK WAS RYCHT SUBTILE IN SPECH OF LATYN, AND HE MAID GRETE PAYNE TO GER THAT LANGAGE OF LATYNE SPREDE, IN SAMEKLE THAT THE CONTREE THARABOUT IS ZIT CALLIT LATYN TONG. THE QUHILK THRE KINGIS FORESAID REGNYT ANE HUNDRETH AND FYFTY ZERE, BEFORE THAT ENEAS AND ANTENOR COME THARE. OFF THE QUHILKIS EFTER, COME THAI THAT BIGGIT THE CITEE OF ROME.

AND BE THAT MAY, MEN WIT THAT THE CITEE OF ROME WAS FIRST FOUNDIT BE THAME OF TROYE, THE QUHILK WAS LANG EFTER THE DESTRUCTIOUN OF TROYE, ANE HUNDRETH AND ( XXXTQIQ ) ZERE. OFF THE QUHILK DESTRUCTIOUN I BIDE NOCHT TO SPEKE MEKLE, BOT REFERRIS ME TO THE GRETE BUKE OF TROYE, THE QUHILK SAIS, THAT THE GREKIS COME ON THAME WITH A THOUSAND SCHIPPIS, AND DESTROYIT A THOUSAND SCHIPPIS OF THAIRIS, AND ALL THE TOUN CLERELY BE A SEGE THAT LAY TEN ZERIS BEFORE THAME. AND TREWLY TO SAY SCANTLY MAY A MAN TROWE THE GRETE AND MERVAILLOUS POWER, RICHESS, AND EXCELLENT ESTATE OF THAT TOUN. OFF THE QUHILKIS, THE NOBLE DOCTOUR ALMER. AND SYNE OF THAT TOUN COME ENEAS, AND HIS FADER ANCHISES, AND HIS SON FESTAM. AND FIRST, WITH THAIR FLOTE, THAI ARRYVIT IN CICILE, AND THARE DECESSIT THE FADER ANCHISE. AND SYNE THAI PUT THAME IN THE SEE, AND THOCHT TO PASSE IN LOMBARDYE, BE FORCE OF FORTUNE OF THE SEE THAI ARRYVIT IN AFFRIK, AND THARE ENEAS, THAT WAS THAN CHEIF EFTER HIS FADER, HAPNYT TO FYND A QUENE CALLIT DIDOME, THE QUHILK WAS SA ENAMOURIT OF HIM THAT SCHO DID HIM GRETE GUDE, AND GRETE CURTAISY, AND SUM SAIS THAT SCHO BIGGIT THE CITEE OF CARTAGE. AND FRA THYNE HE PASSIT TO THE SEE AGAYN, AND PASSIT QUHILL HE COME NERE THE CONTREE QUHARE NOW IS ROME, IN THE RYVER OF TIBRE. AND IN THE NYCHT, IT WAS SAID HIM, THAT HE SULD PAS TO THE KING ALBONDRE THAT WAS LORD OF THE CONTREE QUHARE HE WAS ARRYVIT, THAT GIF HE WALD MAK WERE APON KING LATYN, HE SULD HELP HIM, AND HE SULDE ANYS BE LORD OF ALL ITALY, AND GAFE HIM SIK TAKENIS THAT WAS SUTHE. AND THAN HE PASSIT TO THE KING ALBONDRE, AND QUHEN THE KING SAW HIM CUM IN SIK A GRETE BATAILL, HE SETT HIM IN BATAILL AGANIS HIM TO FECHT WITH HIM, FOR HE TRAISTIT WELE THAT THAI WAR INYMYES. AND THAN THE TOTHIR GERT PUT UP ON A SPERE A BRANCH OF ANE OLYVE TREE IN TAKENYNG OF PES. AND THAN THE KING WAS RYCHT JOYOUS, FOR HE BARE TILL HIS ENSEIGNE ANE OLYVE BRANCH, AND HIS FRENDIS. AND THARE THE KING AND ENEAS MAID THAIR CONTRACTIS TOGEDER AND THAIR BANDIS, THAT THAI SULD MAK WERE TO THE KING LATYN, QUHARE NOW IS ROME. BOT THE KING OF CONSTANS, THAT HAD MARYTE KING LATYNIS SISTER, COME AGAYN THAME WITH KING LATYN, AND THARE WAS SLAYN PALAYS, THE SONE OF KING ALBRONDRE BE ANE CALLIT TRANO, THE QUHILK LYVIT NOCHT LANG EFTER HIM. AND THARE WAS ENEAS MARYTE WITH KING ALBONDRIS DOUCHTER, AND WAS SA KING EFTER HIM, AND HIS SONE FESTAM EFTER HIM, AND THE CITEE OF ABBA HE TUKE ON FORCE, WITH OTHIR MONY LANDIS. AND SYNE EFTER HIM REGNYT ANE CALLIT SILVI, SONE TILL ENEAS WAS IN HIS MODERIS WAME QUHEN HIS FADER DEID, AND REGNYT EFTER HIS BROTHIR ESTAM ( XXX ) ZERE, THE QUHILK HAD A SONE CALLIT LATYNE, THE QUHILK REGNYT FIFTY ZERE EFTER HIM AND THAT WAS IN THE TYME OF DAVY KING OF ISRAEL, AND EFTER HIM WAS HIS SONE COLLA, AND REGNYT FOURTY ZERIS, AND HE WAS IN THE TYME OF KING SALOMON, AND EFTER HIM WAS KING ANTHIOCUS ( XXIIIJ ) ZERE, IN THE TYME OF ROBOAM. AND SYNE EFTER HIM, KING GAPY ( XXVIIJ ) ZERIS, AND EFTER HIM, KING GARENT, AND THAT WAS IN THE TYME OF JOSAPHAT. AND SYNE WAS TIBERIUS KING BOT ( IX ) ZERE. AND SYNE, KING AGAPIT WAS FOURTY ZERE KING. AND SYNE THAT WAS IN THE TYME OF ACHIM KING OF JUDE. AND SYNE, KING SYLI. AND SYNE, KING ANANCY THE SPACE OF THRE AND ( XXXTQIQ ) ZERIS. AND EFTER THAT, HIS SONE AEMULY ( XLIIJ ) ZERIS, THE QUHILK IN THE TYME OF JONATHAS EXILIT HIS BROTHIR OUT OF THE REALME. AND HE HAD A DOUCHTER CALLIT REA, AND SCHO WAS A MAIDYN, AND ANE CALLIT MARO MAID HIR GRETE OF TWA SONIS, THE TANE WAS CALLIT REMY, AND THE TOTHIR ROMELL. AND THAN WAS THE CUSTUME THAT THE MODER SULD BE PUT IN THE ERDE ALL QUIK. AND THE BARNIS WAS CASTYN TO THE WOLVIS IN THE WOD TO BE SUELYIT. AND AS THE BUKE TELLIS THAI WAR NORIST BE THE WOLVIS IN THE WOD FOR A TYME, QUHILL EFTERWART THAT A HIRD FAND THAME, THE QUHILK WAS CALLIT FAUCLON, AND BROCHT THAME TILL HIS WYF LAURENCE, THE QUHILK NORIST THAME WELE AND TREULY, AND THE NYCHTBOURIS CALLIT THAME THE WOLF BIRDIS, OF THE QUHILK CUMMYS LUPANAR, THAT IS

CALLIT A BORDALEHOUS. AND ZIT THIS STORY IS PAYNTIT IN MONY PLACIS, AND NAMELY IN PUBLIK PLACIS IN MARBIR STANE. AND QUHEN THAI WAR CUMMYN TILL ELDE, THAI CALLIT WITH THAME ALL THE HERDIS OF THE CONTREE, AND THE THEVIS AND REVARIS AND MAID WERE TO KING AEMYLY, THE QUHILK HAD BANIST THAIR ELDFADER OUT OF THE CONTREE, SA THAT THAI PUT HIM OF DAWIS. AND SYNE THAI BEGAN TO MAK THE CITEE OF ROME, TO KEPE THAME AND THAIR MENZE FRA THAIR INYMYES, AND FRA LYTILL TO MEKLE IT COME AY UP TO GRETE ESTATE AND MAGNIFICENCE. AND THARFORE IS IT CALLIT ROME, EFTER REMY AND ROMEL, AS SAIS THE GUDE DOCTOUR OROSIUS. AND THUS BEGAN THAI THAIR CONQUESTIS. AND EFTER THIS, QUHEN THAI BEGAN TO GROW IN GRETE RICHESS AND HYE DOMINACIOUN, THE TANE HAD ENVY APON THE TOTHIR, THAT ILKANE DESYRIT TO BE LORD AND MAISTER. AND BECAUS THARE WAS NANE ELDE BETUENE THAME THAT MEN MYCHT WIT, THAI WAR IN HOPE ILKANE TO BE FIRST BORNE, AND NOCHT ANE WALD DEFER TILL ANE OTHIR. AND SA WAS IT BE THAIR BATHARIS CONSENTIS, ACCORDIT THAT THAI SULD PAS UP A DAY TILL ANE HIE HILL THAT IS BESYDE ROME, MEN CALLIS IT THE MOUNT AVENTYNE, AND QUHILK OF THAME THAT BEFELL IN THAT MOUNTAYNE THE FAIREST AVENTURE, HE SULD BE KING AND LORD. AND SA BEFELL THAT REMY PAST UP FIRST TO THE MOUNTANE WITH HIS MENZE, AND THE FIRST ENCONTER THAT HE MET, HE MET ( VIJ ) GRETE FOULIS LYKE ERNIS CALLIT VOULTOURIS, THE QUHILKIS LYFIS BOT ON DEDE CARYOUNS OF BESTIS. AND SYNE PAST UP ROMEL, IN LATYN ROMULUS, WITH HIS FOLK, AND HE MET IN HIS WAY ( XIIIJ ) OF THAT ILKE FOULIS. AND THAN SAID REMY THAT HIS AVENTURE WAS BETTER, AND THE TOTHIR SAID NAY, FOR HIS NOMBRE WAS DOUBLE MA THAN HIS, QUHAREFORE AND SA WAS THARE GRETE DEBATE ZIT. AND BE CAUS THARE WAS A CUSTUME INTO ROME, MAID BE THE SENATOURIS, THAT QUHASA EVER PAST OUT OUR THE WALLIS OF ROME BE ONY SUBTILTEE, AND NOCHT BE THE PORTIS, HE SULD DEE. AND SUM MEN SAIS THAT ROMEL, FOR THAT CAUS, STRAKE ON HIS BROTHIR IN THE SAMYN PLACE, AND SLEWE HIM IN THE MOUNTAIGNE

AND ALS BE CAUS HE WALD NOCHT STAND TILL HIS PROMESS THAT HE HAD HECHT. AND SA WAS ROMULUS ALL HALE LORD AND SYRE, AS TELLIS THE WORTHY DOCTOUR ORASIUS. AND ALSSUA, IT IS SA SAID IN A GLOS OF LAW CIVILE ( UNDE VERSUS FRATERNO PREMIMUR JUDICIO SANGUINE MORI ) THAN BEGAN ROMEL TO GOVERNE WISLY, AND CHESIT UP TILL HIS COUNSALE ANE HUNDRETH MEN OF AGE, THE WYSEST THAT HE COUD FYND IN ALL THE CITEE OF ROME. AND CHESIT A THOUSAND MEN OF ARMIS, THE HARDIEST AND MAIST WORTHI MEN OF WERE THAT HE MYCHT FYND, AND CALLIT THAI HUNDRETH WYS MEN SENATOURIS, AND THAI THOUSAND MEN OF ARMES HE MAID KNYCHTIS, TO THE KEPING OF HIS CONTREE AND THE WIS MEN FOR THE GOVERNAUNCE OF THE LAWIS, AND OF HIS PERSONE, AND OF THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT OF THE TOUNE. AND THIR WAR THE FIRST SENATOURIS THAT EVER WAS IN ROME, AND THE KNYCHTIS TUKE THE NAME OF KNYCHTHEDE OF THAT WORD MILLE, ( UNDE MILES QUASI UNUS DE MILLE ) NA HAD NA KNYCHTIS, BEFORE THAT, THE NAME OF MILES IN LATYN FOR THE KNYCHTIS, BEFORE THAT, WAR NOCHT MARYTE NA HAD NA WYFIS. AND THAN TUKE THAI TO WYFIS THE SCABINS, DOUCHTERIS OF ROME THAT WARE MAIDENIS, FOR THE QUHILKIS, THARE WAS GRETE WERE BETUIX THE ROMAYNS AND THE SCABINS FOR THAT CAUS. BOT AT THE LAST ROMEL HAD THE VICTORYE APON THAI SCABINS, FOR ROMULUS DISCOMFYTE THAME IN FAIR FELDE WITH BATAILL. AND THAN WAS THARE AT ROME A LADY CALLIT SIBILLA ( DE ROMA, ) THE QUHILK WAS HALDIN FOR A PROPHETESS, AND TALD MONY GRETE THINGIS THAT WAS TO CUM, AND HAD GRETE RENOUN OUR ALL THE WARLD. AND SYNE SAIS THE STORYE, THAT QUHEN HE HAD DISCOMFYTE THE SCABINS, AND PUT THAME IN HIS MERCI, A DAY HAPNYT TO CUM ABOUT HIM SIK A CLOUD THAT NA MAN OF HIS COMPANY MYCHT SE HIM NOR NA BIT OF HIS BODY, BOT VANYST FRA THAIR SICHT AWAY SA ON DAY LYCHT, IN MYDDIS OF HIS COMPANY, NA NEVER EFTER WAS SENE IN THIS WARLD, AND THARFORE SAID THE ROMAYNS THAT TREULY HE WAS OF THE LIGNAGE OF THAIR GODDIS. AND SA ENDIT THAI TWA BRETHIR.

HERE BEGYNNIS THE STORYE TO SPEKE OF THE NEXT EMPEROURE, THE QUHILK HAD NA KING THE SPACE OF A ZERE AND A HALF EFTER THAT. AND FOR THAT TYME IT WAS ALL GOVERNYT BE THAI HUNDRETH WYS MEN CALLIT SENATOURIS. AND SYNE REGNYT ANE, CALLIT NYMA POPULI IN THE TYME OF YZACHIEL THE PROPHETE. AND THAT KING ORDANYT THAT THAI KNYCHTIS, THAT WAS ORDANYIT TO KEPE THE LANDIS AND THE TOUN, SULD BE PAYIT OF THAIR WAGIS TO HALD UP THAIR ESTATE AND THAIR LYFING. AND ZIT THAN WAS DAME SIBILL LYFAND, THE WYS WOMMAN. AND THIS KING REGNYT ( XL ) ZERIS AND ( IIIJ ) AND SYNE HERE EFTER SPEKIS HE OF KING TULES QUHILK WAS A GRETE WERREYOUR, THE QUHILK WAS IN THE TYME OF KING DAMASSEN ROY DE JUDE, THE QUHILK WAS FIRST THAT EVER MAID KYNGLYK HABYTIS, THAT AR CALLED HABYTIS ROYALIS, OF PURPUR RICHELY. AND NOCHT AGAYNSTANDAND THAT ROME HAD PES WITH ALL THAIR NYCHTBOURIS, ZIT MAID HE WERE TO KING DALBARE, AND PUT HIM IN TO GRETE POVERTEE, AND ALL HIS REALME. AND SYNE COME OUR THE WATER OF TIBRE AGANIS THE FEDENEIS, A KYNDE OF MEN, AND PUT THAME IN GRETE DISTRESS, THE QUHILK QUHEN HE HAD GOVERNYT PESABLY ( XXXIIJ ) ZERE, HE AND ALL HIS HOUSHALD IN A HALL WAS BRYNT TO DEDE, WITH THE THONDER THAT FELL SUDAYNLY OUT OF THE HEVIN. AND SYNE WAS THARE IN HIS TYME ANE OTHIR LADY THAT WAS CALLIT DAME SIBILL OF ROME, QUHILK WAS A PROPHETESS, AND TALDE MONY MERVAILOUS THINGIS OF THE TYME TOCUM. AND SCHO WAS CALLIT SIBILL SOMIAN. AND BE CAUS IT WAR OURE PROLIXT, I WILL NOCHT TELL OF ALL THE KINGIS AND THAIR BATAILLIS, ( ETC ) SYNE EFTER THIS WAS KING ANE CALLIT ARCHY, AND THAT WAS IN THE TYME OF JOSUE THE GUDE KING OF JOURY, THE QUHILK BIGGIT THE CITEE OF HOSTRYE, THE QUHILK IS NEREBY ROME, AND NOW IS BOT SMALL. AND HE MAID ALSSUA MONY BATAILLIS ON THIS HALF TIBRE, THE QUHILKIS WAR OUR LANG TO COUNT, AND REGNYT ( XIIJ ) ZERE, AND STRAKE MONY

GRETE BATAILL. SYNE SPEKIS HE OF KING FERNICLIN. HERE SPEKIS HE OF THE ( V ) KING. THE FYFT KING OF ROME WAS KING TARQUYNIAN, AND THAT WAS IN THE TYME THAT JOACHIM FUT WAS KING OF JUDE. AND HE GERT FIRST MAK THE BOWIS TO SCHUTE WITH AT ROME, AND HE GERT MAK MONY FAIRE PALACIS, AND BIGGINGIS, AND GERT MAK THE CAPITOLE. AND THE CAUS QUHY THAI MAID IT WAS FOR QUHEN IT WAS FIRST MAID, THE MASONS FAND A HEDELES MAN IN THE PLACE QUHARE THAI SOUGHT THE GROUND, AND THARFORE WAS IT CALLIT THE CAPITALE. AND THIS KING REGNYT ( XXXVIJ ) ZERIS ( ETC ) HERE SPEKIS HE OF THE SAID KING FERNICLIN, AND HE WAS IN THE TYME OF SEDECHIAS KING OF JOWIS. AND THIS KING FERNICLIN GERT MAK AT ROME THE FOUSSIS GRETE AND LARGE THAT MERVAILL WAS TO SEE. AND ALSSA HE ORDANYT THAT EVERY MAN OF HIS CONTREE MAID HIM ZERELY SUM SERVICE, THE QUHILK WAS NOCHT WONT TO BE DONE BEFORE, AND THAREFORE ANE CALLIT TARQUYN SLEWE HIM. AND IN THAT TYME, THE KING NABUGADONOSOR KING OF CALDEE MAID GRETE PERSECUCIOUN APON THE KINGIS OF JOURY, OFF THE QUHILKIS SPEKIS THE DECREIS IN SYNDRY PLACIS. AND SYNE REMAYNIT THAT ILKE TARQUYN THE ORGUILLOUS, THAT IS TO SAY, THE HAULTAYNE TARQUYN, KING OF ROME, THE QUHILK FAND ALL THIR MANERIS OF IRNIS CHEYNES, FETTRIS AND BOYS TO PRISOUN MEN WITHALL. AND THIS KING HAD A SONE CALLIT TARQUYN, THE QUHILK FOR LOVE TUKE A WOMAN OF FORCE IN ROME. AND FORTHY, THE PEPLE OF ROME EXPELLIT HIM AND HIS FADER BATHE, FOR EVERMARE OUT OF ROME, THE QUHILK WAS A MAIDYN CALLIT LUCIE. AND SYNE THAI PAST BATHE TILL A KING THAT WES CALLIT ESTUSE THAT MAID GRETE WERE TO ROME. BOT IT WAS TRETIT EFTERWART BETUIX THE KING ESTUSE AND THE ROMAYNS. BOT THE TOTHIR NA HIS SONE COME NEVER AGAYNE IN ROME, FOR NA TRETY THAT MYCHT BE, BOT DEID IN WRECHIDNES AND IN POVERTEE. AND SYNE WAS LANG TYME OR THARE WAS A

KING IN ROME, BOT CONSULES AND SENATOURIS, THE QUHILKIS GOVERNOURIS WAS ORDANYT TO GOVERNE, ILKE ZERE TWA SINDRY FOR DOUT THAT THAI WORTH PROUDE AND HAUTAYN OF THAIR OFFICE. AND WIT ZE THAT EFTER THE OPYNIOUN OF THE NOBLE DOCTOUR OROSIUS THE LORDSCHIP OF ROME IS OF LENTH AND BREDE BOT ( XV ) MYLIS WITHOUT THE WALLIS ON AYTHER SYDE. AND THE TWA FIRST CONSULES THAT WAS GOVERNOURIS WAS CALLIT THE TANE LYUY AND THE TOTHIR BARK. AND WAS IN THAT TYME ANE NOTABLE CLERK CALLIT PICTAGORAS, THE QUHILK HAD GRETE RENOUN. AND ANE OTHIR, CALLIT SOCRATES, WAS PUT IN PRISOUN, AND THAREIN POYSOND. AND ALSSUA, SAIS THE STORYE, THAT THE NOBLE PHILOSOPHOUR ARISTOTIL WAS THAN OF ( XVJ ) ZERE OF ELDE, AND WAS DISCIPLE OF PLATOUN. AND IN THAT TYME THE SCABINS COME AGANIS ROME IN GRETE EFFERE OF WERE, TO DESTROY IT ALLUTERLY. AND THAN WAS IT ORDANYT THAT OUTHIR THE CONSULES SULD BE PUT DOUNE AND THE SENATOURIS OR ELLIS THARE SULD BE CHOSYN A CHIFTANE TO DEFEND THE CITEE. AND THARE WAS GRETE DISCORDE, FOR THE TA PARTY WALD IT, AND THE TOTHIR PARTYE WALD IT NOCHT, BOT THAT WERE GREVIT NOCHT MEKLE, NOUTHIR TO THE TA PART, NA TO THE TOTHIR, AND HAPNYT EFTERWART THAT QUHEN THE CONSULES GOVERNYT AT ROME, THE ROMAYNES PUT THAME FURTH OF THE TOUNE, AND SAID THAI WALD HAVE NA MARE CONSULES,AND ORDANYT ANE OTHIR MANER OF OFFICIARIS, THE QUHILKIS THAI CALLIT TRYBUNYS, THE QUHILK IS ALSMEKLE TO SAY IN FRANCHE TONG AS DEFENDOURIS OF THE PEPLE. AND IN THAT TYME WAS THE FIRST LAWIS CIVILE THAT WAS BROCHT TO ROME FRA ATHENES THAT IS IN GRECE, AND WAS WRYTYN IN ( X ) TABLIS OF EVORE, TO THE QUHILK THE ROMAYNES EKIT TWA AND AR CALLIT TO THIS DAY THE LAWIS OF THE TUELVE TABLIS AND IN LATYNE ( LEGES DUODECIM TABULARUM ) AND EFTER THAT ROME WAS FOUNDIT THRE HUNDRETH ZERE, THARE FELL GRETE WERE BETUIX THE VEGENES, WITH MONY GRETE BATAILL DISCOMFYT THAME AT THE LAST, AND PUTT THAME TO NOCHT. AND EFTER THE BEGYNNYNG OF ROME THRE HUNDER ZERE AND SEXTY, THE

ROMAYNES TUKE BE FORCE THE CITEE OF IPERNESTRE, AND ( VIIJ ) OTHIR CITEIS OBEYAND TILL IT, AND PUT THAME IN THAIR OBEISAUNCE. AND IN THAT ILKE TYME WAS THARE SA GRETE A MORTALITEE IN ROME THAT IT WAS GRETE PITEE TO SE THE DEDE OF SUM, AND THE SOROWE OF OTHERIS. AND IN THAI TYMES BEFELL THAT IN MYDDIS THE CITEE OF ROME THE ERDE OPNYT, AND CUM FURTH OF THE ERDE A STYNKAND AYRE WITH A FOULE REIK THAT SMYTTIT SA MONY FOLK THAT GRETE MULTITUDE OF PEPLE DEIDE THARETHROU. AND SYNE EFTER THAT COME AGAYN ROME THE COKKIS IN LATYNE GALLICI, THE QUHILKIS MAID THAME GRETE WERIS. AND SA WAS THARE A KNYCHT ASKIT JUSTYNG OF A ROMAYN, AND HE GRAUNTIT HIM WITH GUDE WILL, AND WAN HIM WICHTLY OF WERE, AND TUKE FRA HIS HALF, A GRETE WRETH OF GOLDE, CALLIT A SARP BE SUM MEN, AND PUT IT ABOUT HIS HALS, THE QUHILK IS CALLIT IN FRANCHE A REDORTE. AND BE THAT CAUS, THAT KNYCHT AND ALL HIS EFTERCUMMARIS OF HIM WAS CALLIT REDORTARIS, EFTER THAT COKK. AND IN THAI TYMES WAS BORNE ALEXANDER THE CONQUEROUR, THAT MEKLE WAS REDOUTIT IN ALL THE WARLD. AND IN THAT TYME THE ROMAYNS BIGGIT THE CITEE, AND BENNET NOW CALLIT OF NAPLIS, AND ALS THAI BIGGIT ROMAIN TOLLE. AND BE CAUS THAT IN THIS TYMES, WAS THE GRETE ALEXANDER HERE WILL WE SPEKE OF HIS END, AND HOW EFTER THE ZERE A THOUSAND THRE HUNDRETH AND ( XXXVJ ) ZERIS, DEID THE GUDE KING ALEXANDER, THE QUHILK BE FORCE OF ARMYS HAD CONQUEST ALL THE ORIENT, LYTILL WANTAND. AND THOCHT TILL HAVE CUMMYN TOWART THE OCCIDENT. BOT THE DEDE THAT ALL THING TAMYS WAS STARKARE THAN HE AND ALL HIS OST. AND THUS MAY MEN SE THAT THE VAYN GLORE OF THIS WARLDE IS SONE GANE, FOR IN LESSE NA IN ANE HOURE ALL THE JOY THAT EVER MAN HAD IN THIS WRECHIT WARLD, AND RICHESS HE LEVIS, ( ET SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI ) AND THE STORY SAIS HE DEID BE POYSOUN. AND HIS TYME OF HIS CONQUESTIS LESTIT BOT (XIJ) ZERE, AND OTHIR

( XIJ ) ZERIS HE VISYTE HIS CONQUESTIS, AS SUM STORIES SAIS AND IN THE TYME OF HIS REGNE THARE ENTERIT IN THE PARTIES OF ROME AND OF POYLE A KYNDE OF MEN CALLIT SANNES AND WAS ARMYT IN ARMOURE OF GOLD AND SILVER, RYCHT RICHLY AND HAD GRETE DISPYTE QUHEN THAI SAW THAT THE ROMAYNS HAD SA GRETE POWERE, FOR THAI WEND NOCHT ONY MYCHT HAVE BENE PERIS TO THAME, THAI HAD SA NOBLE CONTREE. AND THAIR MAISTER CITEE WAS ALS MEKLE AS ROME OR AS CARTAGE, AND IT WAS CALLIT THE CITEE OF CAPPOL. AND QUHEN THAI COME IN BATAILL AGANIS THE ROMAYNIS, THAI WAR DISCOMFYTE RYCHT VILAYUSLY, BOT EFTER THAT THAI REALYD, AND COME ON THE ROMAYNS ANE OTHIR TYME, AND DISCOMFYTE THE ROMAYNIS, AND DID THAME GRETE OUTRAGE IN PLAYN FELDE OF BATAILL PLACE. BOT EFTER THAT, THE ROMAYNIS WAN ANE OTHIR BATAILL APON THAME, AND DISCOMFYTE THAME AND SCHEW SIK POWER AGAYNIS THAME THAT THAI SLEWE THAIR KING AND DISCOMFYTE THAIR CITEE UTTERLY, AND SLEWE MARE NA ( XXIIIJ ) THOUSAND IN FELDE. AND EFTER THIS QUHEN THE PEPLE OF THARENT WAS AVERD THAT THE ROMAYNIS WALD PASSE NERE, OUR ALL THE CONTREE, AND PUT THAME IN THE CONTRAIR OF ROME, AND ASKIT HELP AT THE KING OF GRECE, SCHIR PERIS, THE QUHILK BROCHT THAME SEVIN THOUSAND KNYCHTIS FOUR SCORE OF THOUSANDIS OF SERGENDIS AND FOUR HUNDRETH OLYPHANTIS, THE QUHILK NOCHT AGAYNSTANDAND, HE WAS DISCOMFYTE ALLUTERLY, AND PAST AGAYN IN HIS CONTREE WITH FEWE FOLK AND MEKLE DISTRESS. AND THAN SAW THAI OF TARENT THAI MYCHT NA BETTER DO, AND MAID THAIR BANDIS OF ALLYAUNCIS WITH THAME OF CARTAGE AGAYNIS THE ROMAYNIS. AND WAS SA MONY BATAILLIS BETUIX THAME THAT IT WAS GRETE MERVAILL, QUHILK I MAY NOCHT COUNT FOR PROLIXITEE. BOT A DOCTOUR CALLIT HUTAN MAID A GRETE BUKE OF THAI WERIS. AND IT IS TO WIT, THAT THE CITEE OF CARTAGE WAS BIGGIT BEFORE ROME, THE SPACE OF THRE SCORE AND TWA ZERIS, THE QUHILK CARTAGE KEPIT THE CICIL, AND OTHIR ILIS IN THE SEE, TO MAK OBEYSAUNCE TO ROME, FOR THAI SETT THAME TO OCCUPY THE

SENZEOURY OF THAIM BE FORCE OF ARMES. AND THAI GAVE COUNSELE TO HANYBALL TO TAK PART AGAYNIS THE ROMAYNIS IN THE PARTIES OF CICILE, AND SA DID HE, AND BROCHT PEPLE BUT NOMBRE THAT NANE COUD GESSE SIK MULTITUDE THAI WAR AND WITH ( XXXTQIQ ) THOUSAND ELEPHANTIS. AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THIS, THE SAID HANYBALL WAS DISCOMFYTE, AND TYNT ALL HIS SCHIPPIS, AND FEW ESCHAPIT OF HIS FOLK, BE TWA CONSULIS OF ROME, THE TANE WAS CALLIT GUET, AND THE TOTHIR GAY. HERE SPEKIS HE OF ARCHILE CONSUL OF ROME HOW HE, EFTER THE CHACE OF HANYBALL TUKE HIS VOYAGE WITH MA NA SEXTY THOUSAND TRYIT MEN OF ARMYS AND PAST TOWART CARTAGE TO VISYTE HANYBALL MARE NERE, AND COME TO AFFRIK, THE QUHILK HE PUT SONE IN THE OBEISAUNCE OF THE ROMAYNIS, WITH MAA NA ( LXX ) CITEIS IN THAT CONTREE. AND SYNE GAVE FELDE OF BATAILL TO THAME OF CARTAGE, WITH THE POWER OF OTHIR THRE KINGIS WITH THAME, THE QUHILKIS HE VENCUST, ALL HALELY, AND PUT THAME TO THE FLICHT, AND SLEWE OF THAME UNNOUMERABLE. AND SA FOLOWIT ON THAME TOWART CARTAGE, TILL A RYVER CALLIT BRAGAD, QUHARE THARE WAS A DRAGOUN GRETE AND FELLOUN, THE QUHILK HELD IN LENTH SEX SCORE OF FUTIS, THE QUHILK OTHIR TYMES, HAD SLAYN MONY PEPLE, AND NAMELY OF ROMAYNIS, THE QUHILK THAT CONSUL OF ROME FAUCHT WITH, AND SLEW IT, AND GERT FLA IT BELYFLAUCHT, AND BRING THE SKYN WITH HIM TO ROME. AND SYNE COME HE WITH HIS POWER BEFORE THE CITEE OF CARTAGE, AND PROFFERIT TO TRETE WITH THAME OF PES, BOT THAI OF CARTAGE FOR THAIR HYE PRYDE AND GRETE MYCHT, WALD OF NA PES, SAYAND THAI DESYRIT ERAR WERE NA PES. FOR THAI HAD MONY PRINCIS WITH THAME, TO THAIR HELP AND COUNSALE OF THE CONTREE OF AFFRIK, AND GAVE HIM DAY OF BATAILL THE QUHILK CONSUL OF ROME WAS DISCOMFYTE AND TANE PRISONARE, AND ALL THE ROMAYNIS SLAYN DOUN, AND HE PUT IN STRAYTE PRISOUN, BUNDYN WITH MONY CHENZEIS OF IRNE, AND SA WAS THE OST OF ROME DESTROYIT THAT COME IN THAT CONTREE WITH HIM IN THAT TYME.

AND QUHEN THE ROMAYNIS HERD OF THAT MYSFORTUNE, THAI WAR SA WA THAI WIST NOCHT QUHAT TO DO, AND WITHOUTIN LANGER DELAY, ARMYT THRE HUNDER SCHIPPIS WITH GRET POWER, AND SEND UPON CARTAGE, AND AGANIS THE PRINCIS OF AFFRIK , AND THAI OF CARTAGE MAID ANE ARMYNG OF ALS MONY SCHIPPIS AGAYNIS THAME OF ROME, AND THARE BEGAN CRUELL WERE AND BATAILLIS MORTALE. BOT AT THE LAST THE ROMAYNIS WAR DISCOMFYTE. AND OF THAME SPEKIS OROSIUS THE GRETE DOCTOUR, THAT THE ROMAYNIS AR HARDY IN CURAGE QUHEN THAI GET NA RESISTENCE, AND REDY TO THE FLICHT QUHEN THAI AR WELE CONTRED. ALSSUA EFTER THIS, THE ROMAYNIS COME INTO SPAYNE, AND LAID A SEGE TILL A PLACE CALLIT SAGENCE, AND WAN IT THROU HUNGIR, AND SYNE COME APON SCHIR HANYBALL THE EMPEROUR OF AFFRIK AND PUT THE SEGE AGAYNE BEFORE IT, AND WAN IT AGAYN AND DESTROYIT IT ALLUTERLY, QUHILK WAS GRETE PITEE, FOR IT WAS THE FLOUR OF THE CITEIS OF SPAYNE IN THAI TYMES BATHE OF FOLK AND RICHESS, AND DELYTIS. AND QUHEN SCHIR HANYBALL HE PAST FRA (MARG) ( BELLUM ROMANORUM ) (END OF MARG) SPAYNE TOWART LUMBARDY, AND THROW THE MOUNTAYNIS TO PAS AGAYNIS THE ROMAYNES, THE QUHILK OF PEPLE HAD SIK A MULTITUDE THAT WAS MERVAILLOUS. AND NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND THAT, HE TYNT MONY OF HIS PEPLE OR HE COME IN THE PLAYNE LAND OF LUMBARDY ZIT WAS HE MA NA ANE HUNDRETH THOUSAND OF FUT MEN, AND TWENTY THOUSAND HORSMEN, AND ALL WELE ENARMYT. AND THARE WAS IN THAT COUNSALE AT ROME, SCHIR PUBLY, SCHIR CIPRO, AND MONSIEUR SOPNY. AND QUHEN THE ROMAYNIS HERD TELL THAT SCHIR HANYBALL WAS IN THE PLATE PLACIS OF LUMBARDY SCHIR CIPRO COME AGAYNIS HIM IN FELDE WITH ALL HIS MENZE RYCHT SMERTLY, AND THE BATAILL WAS SA STARK, AND SA CRUELL THAT IT WAS GRETE MERVAILL THAT ALL THE ROMAYNIS THAT WAS THARE WAS DEDE. AND GAYNSTANDAND THAT SCHIR CIPRO WAS A HARDY MAN OF ARMES, AND COME AS A WODE MAN, FOR SOROWE AND DULE OF HIS MEN THAT HE SAW TYNT, AND WAS WELE HORSIT ON A FAIR COURSERE, AND COME THE RYCHT WAY TO SCHIR HANYBALL, AND GAVE HIM SIK A DYNT OF SPERE THAT HE

WENDE HE HAD SLAYN HIM, BOT HE WAS SONE PUT TO THE GROUND AND SLAYN, AND SA WAS ALL THE ROMAYNIS SLAYN AND DESTROYIT IN THAT TYME, AND THROU THAT ILKE HANYBALL AND HIS OST. NOW SPEKIS HE HERE EFTER THIS OF THIS SCHIR SOMPNY CONSULE DE ROME THE SECUND, HE CUMMYN AGAYNE FRA CICILE, WITH HIS MENZE, QUHILK WAS NOCHT LYTILL, AND (MARG) ( BELLUM ROMANORUM ) (END OF MARG) QUHEN HE HERD THAT HIS FALOW WAS OUR THRAWIN AND HIS OST, WITH SCHIR HANYBALL, HE WAS SA WA THAT NERE WITLES HE WEND. AND FURTHWITH, BUT MARE ABADE, GERT BLAW UP HIS TRUMPIS, CHARGEAND ALL MANER OF MEN THAT TILL HIM WALD OBEY, THAT FURTH WITH, THAI WAR REDY TO PAS APON SCHIR HANYBALL THE EMPEROUR OF AFFRIK THE QUHILK WAS HE HERD, HE DREST HYM STOUTLY AGAYNIS THAME IN HIS BEST WYS, AND SA WAS THE TWA BATAILLIS ARANGIT, AND COME HARDILY, THE TANE AGAYNIS THE TOTHIR, QUHARE MONY WORTHY MAN, KNYCHTIS, LORDIS, AND OTHERIS WAS BORNE DOUNE DEDE TO GROUNDE, THROU DYNT OF HAND, THAT IT WAS A GRETE PITEE TO SE THE CRUELL VENGEAUNCE. BOT AT LAST ALL THE ROMAYNIS WAS OUTHIR DEDE OR TANE THAT ARCHELY MYCHT THE CONSUL SCHIR SOMPNY WYN AWAY WITH HIS LYF. AND QUHEN SCHIR HANYBALL HAD DONE THIS, HE HERD TELL OF THE TOTHIR CONSUL, THAT WAS CALLIT FLUMEN, THE QUHILK WAS IN THE MOUNTAYNES WITH GRETE POWER, BOT HE HAD AT HIS GOVERNAUNCE MONY GRETE CITEIS. THAN SCHUPE SCHIR HANYBALL HIM, EVIN THE STRICHT WAY QUHARE HE WAS. AND QUHEN SCHIR FLUMEN HERD TELL THAT HE WAS CUMMYN TO SEKE HIM, HE SEMBLIT HIS FOLK AND MAID HIM TO METE HIM IN FAIRE FELDE, BOT THE CONSUL WAS SLAYN, CUMMAND TO WITH SCHOTE, QUHARFORE HIS MEN TUKE SIK DISPAIRE TO THAME THAT THE BATAILL WAS TYNT AND ALL THE ROMAYNIS SLAYN AND TANE OFF QUHILKIS THARE WAS LEFT IN THE FELDE MA NA ( XXV ) THOWSAND FECHTARIS AND SEX THOUSAND TANE PRISOUNARIS SA THAT

THE ROMAYNIS WAS DOUTAND TO BE DESTROYIT AT ALL POYNTIS. AND SA ORDANYT THE COUNSALE OF ROME THRE (MARG) ( MAGNUM BELLUM ROMANORUM ) (END OF MARG) OTHIR CONSULES TO MAYNTEINE THE WERIS THAT WAS SCHIR LUCE SCHIR POL AND SCHIR PUBLY OF THARENT, AND SCHIR BARO ALL FOUR CONSULES OF ROME, AND ORDANYT THAME FOUR TO PAS IN BATAILL AGAYNIS SCHIR HANYBALL THE EMPEROUR OF AFFRIK WITH ALL THE POWER THAI MYCHT BE OF AND SA WAS DONE IN DEDE, AND SA FER PASSIT THAI TO THAT CONTREE QUHARE HE WAS QUHILL THAI COME TILL A PLACE CANOSSE, AND THAT WAS NERE BEFORE PUYLLE, QUHARE THAI ARANGIT THAIR BATAILLIS AND STRAKE STOUTLY TOGEDER. AND BE CAUS THE ROMAYNIS WAR NOCHT WELE IN ORDYNAUNCE THAI WAR DISCONFYTE. AND THE AFFRICANIS SLEW DOUNE THE ROMAYNIS AS THAI HAD BENE BESTIS, SA THAT THARE WAS SLAYN AND DISCONFYTE IN THAT FELDE MA NA ( LXIIIJ ) THOUSAND PERSOUNS, AND THARE WAS SCHIR POL, AND SCHIR EMYLLE CONSULIS WITH ( XXV ) THOUSAND GRETE MEN OF NOBLESS OF ROME, AND SENATOURIS OF GRETE RENOUNE, BE THE QUHILKIS ROME WAS GOVERNYT IN MAIST PART. BOT ANE OF THE CONSULES CALLIT SCHIR BARO FLED WITH FYVE HUNDRETH HORS MEN. AND SAIS THE NOBLE CLERK OROSIUS THAT AND SCHIR HANYBALL HAD PAST FURTH WITH TO ROME EFTER THAT BATAILL, HE HAD NOCHT FUNDYN NA MAN TO MAK HIM DIFFENCE, BOT HE THOCHT NOCHT THAREAPON. BOT IN TAKENYNG OF VICTORYE, HE GERT GADER TOGEDER ALL THE GOLDE RYNGIS THAT WAS APON DEDE MENNIS HANDIS AND TURS WITH HIM TO CARTAGE, THE QUHILKIS MYCHT NOCHT ALL GANG IN TWA GRETE TONNYS. AND THE ROMAYNIS HAD SA GRETE DREDE THAT, AND HE HAD CUMMYN TOWART THE SAID CITEE, THE PEPLE WALD HAVE FLED FOR RADDOUR. AND SA HAD THAI DONE, HAD NOCHT BENE SCHIR CIPRO DEFFRIC, QUHILK DANG AGAYN THAME THAT WALD HAVE FLED THE TOUNE. AND THUS WAS ROME PUT IN GRETE DISTRESS, SA THAT THAI TUKE UP FOR FAULT OF MEN OF ARMYS THE LABOUROURIS BONDIS AND MAID THAME FREE, AND MAID THAME KNYCHTIS, AND

ARMYT THAME WITH THE ARMOURIS THAT, OTHIR TYMES, KNYCHTIS HAD GEVIN TO THAIR GODDIS, EFTER THAI HAD VICTORYE IN BATAILL. AND ZIT FOR FAULT OF MEN THAI DID MARE NA SA, FOR THAI GERT TAK OUT OF ALL THE PRISOUNARIS THAT WAS IN ALL THE PRISOUNIS OF ROME, AND MADE KNYCHTIS OF THEVIS AND REVARIS. AND GERT CRY THAT ALL MANER OF MAN, THAT HAD BENE BEFORE TYME BANIST OUT OF ROME, SULD CUM AGAYNE, AND THAI SULD BE MAID KNYCHTIS, AND HAVE REMISSIOUNES, AND INLAWIT FOR EVERMARE, OFF THE QUHILK KYNDE OF MEN THAI GAT WELE SEX THOUSAND ARMYT MEN TO KEPE THAIR TOUNE THAT DID THAME GRETE CONFOURT. AND THAN SAID THE NOBLE DOCTOUR OROSIUS HAA MICHTY GOD OF HEVIN SAIS HE QUHAT NOBLESS, QUHAT RICHESS, QUHAT JOYE, QUHAT SOLACE, QUHAT HONOUR IN ROME IS TOURNYT IN GRETE DISTRESS QUHEN THE NOBLE CITEE OF ROME IS GOVERNYT BE BONDIS AND THEVIS, REVARIS, MURDERARIS AND ALL MANER OF UNWORTHY MEN, WELE AUCHT THAI THAT AR OF THE ALDE HONOUR, HAVE THAIR HERTIS DOLOROUS AND DISESIT. SA COME SCHIR HANYBALL WITH ALL HIS OST TOWART THE CITEE OF ROME, QUHILL HE COME NERE AT TWA MYLE OR THRE, THAT IS BOT A FRANCHE LEGGE, SA THAT ALL THAT WAS IN THE CITEE WAS RYCHT AFFRAYIT THAT THAI WIST NOCHT QUHAT TO DO, QUHILL THE LADYES AND BURGEIS WYFIS PAST ON THE WALLIS AND GADERIT STANIS TO DEFEND THE CITEE, FOR FAULT OF MEN OF ARMES. AND SA COME HANYBALL AND ALL HIS OST NERE TO THE WALLIS OF THE TOUNE, TILL A PORT THAT IS CALLIT COLLABY, AND THARE COME AGAYNIS HIM A CONSUL WAS CALLIT SYLVI, AND QUHEN THAI WAR REDY TO STRIKE TOGEDER, THARE RAIS SIK A TEMPEST THAT NOUTHIR OF THE PARTIES HAD POWER TO STRYKE A STRAKE FOR THE CRUELNES OF THE TEMPEST. AND SA PAST SCHIR HANYBALL AGAYN TILL HIS TENTIS. AND ALS FAST AS THE TEMPEST WAS CESSIT THAI TROMPIT UP AGAYNE, AND COME TO THE BATAILL AGAYNE. AND INCONTYNENT QUHEN THAI WAR REDY TO STRIKE TOGEDER, THARE COME AGAYN A MARE HYDOUS

AND TERRIBLE TEMPEST NA BEFORE, BE MEKLE THING SA THAT THAI WAR FAYN ON BATHE THE PARTIES TO UNBEDRAW THAME AGAYNE TO THAIR PAVILLIONES AND TENTIS, AND THUS HANYBALL CONSIDERAND THAT THE CITEE WAS DESOLATE OF HELP GOD WALD NOCHT THE DESTRUCCIOUN OF THE PEPLE NA OF THE CITEE, AND WALD TEMPT GOD NA MARE, BOT TUKE HIS WAY, AND PAST IN OTHIR CONTREIS, AND LEFT THE CITEE OF ROME IN PES. HERE TELLIS THE STORYE THE MEKLE VALIAUNCE OF SCHIR CIPRO CONSUL OF ROME, THE QUHILK WAS OF ( XXVIIJ ) ZERIS OF AGE. PAST IN SPAYNE WITH A GRETE HOST OF MEN, AND WAN A CITEE CALLIT THE NEW CITEE OF CARTAGE, IN FRANCHE - (MARG) CARTAGE (END OF MARG) ( LA NOUVELLE ) THE QUHILK HE WAN BE FORS AT ASSAULT, IN THE QUHILK THARE WAS LORD AND SYRE THE BROTHER OF HANYBALL. AND IN THAT CITEE OF NEW CARTAGE HE FAND SA GRETE QUANTITEE OF GOLD, THAT IT WAS GRETE JOY TO SEE, WITH THE QUHILK HE SAWDIT GRETE NOWMER OF MEN OF ARMYS THAT HIM NEDIT NOCHT TO SEND TO ROME FOR WAGIS TILL HIS MEN. AND IN THAT CITEE HE TUKE THE SAID BROTHIR OF HANYBALL THE EMPEROUR OF AFFRIK AND SEND HIM TO THE CITEE OF ROME PRISOUNARE, AND WAS CALLIT SCHIR MANGON. AND EFTER THIS THE LORDIS OF SPAYNE RAIS AGAYNIS HIM AND THARE WAS MONY A STARK BATAILL, BOT AY HE WAN. AND SYNE QUHEN HE WAS WELE REFECT, HE (MARG) ( BELLUM ) (END OF MARG) PASSIT IN AFFRIK TO MAK WERE ON HANYBALL. AND THARE MET HIM WITH BATAILL ANE CALLIT THE DUK OF POMMES, IN LATYNE ( POMORUM, ) THE QUHILK HE WAN IN A FAIR FELDE, AND SLEW OF HIS MENZE MA NA FOURTY THOUSAND, THE QUHILK QUHEN THE FOLK OF CARTAGE HERD, THAI WORTH WODE FOR DULE AND DISES AND HAD SIK DREDE THAT THAI WAR WILL QUHAT TO DO AND SEND WORD TO SCHIR HANYBALL THAT (MARG) ( HANYBEL BELLUM AFRICANNUM ) (END OF MARG) FOR THE LUFE OF GOD, HE COME SONE TO THAIR HELP. AND QUHEN HE HERD THE NEWIS BATHE OF HIS BROTHIR TAKING, AND OF THE GRETE SLAUCHTER THAT WAS DONE APON HIS FRENDIS HE GRET FOR SOROW. AND GERT WARNE ALL HIS OBEYSAUNCE

OF LOMBARDYE TO MAK THAME REDY TO BATAILL, BOT THE KNYCHTIS OF THE LANDIS OF LUMBARDY WALD NOCHT GRAUNT TO PAS WITH HIM IN AFFRIK FOR THE QUHILK HE GERT TAK THAME ALL AND STRIKE OF THAIR HEDIS, AND COME ON WITH SIK POWER AS HE MYCHT BE RYCHT FULL OF BRETH AND IRE. AND COME TO CARTAGE, AND THARE THE FOLK OF CARTAGE SEND MESSAGE TO SCHIR CIPRO, TILL HAVE TRETY, BOT HE WALD NOCHT HERE THAREOF, BOT DRESSIT HIM TO THE BATAILLE. AND DAY WAS SETT OF BATAILL, IN THE QUHILK TO COUNT ALL THE VASSELAGE THAT THARE WAS DONE ON AYTHER SYDE, IT WAR MERVAILE TO HERE, AND OUR LANG TO DECLARE, BOT FYNALY THE EMPEROUR OF AFFRIK HANYBALL WAS DISCOMFYT, AND FLED AWAY, BOT FOUR MEN IN HIS COMPANY AS SAIS THE STORYE. AND THARE WAS SIK SLAUCHTER OF MEN THAT PITEE WAS TO SEE. AND THARE ENTERIT SCHIR CIPRO IN THE CITEE OF CARTAGE, FOR THE GUDE MEN OF WERE SA CLENE WAR SLAYN DOUNE THAT THARE WAS NA MEN FOR TO DEFEND THE TOUNE. AND THUS WAS THE GRETE POWER OF CARTAGE PUT DOUNE BE THE ROMAYNIS, THE QUHILKIS OF THE REALM OF CARTAGE HELD THAME LORDIS AND MAISTERIS. BOT QUHEN THE KING OF PERUNCHE HERD THE TYDINGIS IT PLESIT HIM NA THING, BOT SEMBLIT A GRETE OST OF MEN, AND COME AGAYNIS SCHIR CIPRO AND THE ROMAYNIS, THE QUHILK WAS PASSIT AGAYN IN SPAYNE. AND THARE WAS GRETE WERE, AND GRETE BATAILL, BOT AT THE LAST THE ROMAYNIS WAN THE FELDE, AND DISCOMFYT THE KING OF PERUNCHE AND ALL HIS MENZE, AND WAS GRETE PEPLE SLAYN AND TANE. AND QUHEN THE KING OF MACEDOYNE SAW THIS, HE SEMBLIT A GRETE HOST TO CUM APON THE ROMAYNIS AND SET THAME BATAILL TILL A CONSUL CALLIT SCHIR FLAMME, THE QUHILK HAD GRETE MULTITUDE OF GUDE MEN OF ARMES, BOT NEVERTHELES, THE SAID KING OF MACEDOYNE AND ALL HIS FOLK WAS DISCOMFYTE SYNDRY TYMES, AND MONY MEN DEDE WORTHY ON AYTHIR SYDIS SLAYN. BOT THE SAID KING OF MACEDONE WAS PUT TO NOCHT OF THE QUHILK THE KING OF ANTHEOCHE WAS SA DISPLESIT THAT HE SCHUPE HIM TO MAK WERE APON THE

ROMAYNIS, AND COME THROU THE CONTREIS OF AYSE AND EUROPE, AND QUHILL HE COME TOWART AFFRIK THE QUHILK QUHEN SCHIR HANYBALL HERD OF HIS COME, HE SEMBLIT THE LITILL POWER THAT HE MYCHT BE OF AND COME TO THE KING OF ANTHEOCHE, AND PUT HIM IN HIS COMPANY. AND QUHEN SCHIR CIPRO HERD THAT HANYBALL WAS THARE, HE TUKE MARE CURAGE NA BEFORE, AND SEMBLIT HIS MENZE AND GAVE THAME BATAILL, AND THARE GRETE NOBLESS OF MEN SLAYN ON AYTHIR SYDE, BATHE ON THE LAND AND ON THE SEE, FOR THE OST OF ANTHEOCHE COME BE SEE, AND HANYBALL WITH THAME, BOT TO TELL OF ALL THE BATAILLIS AND SLAUCHTER THAT THARE BEFELL IT WAR TERE TO TELL. BOT SCHORTLY AT THE LAST THE ROMAYNIS DISCOMFYTE THE KING OF ANTHEOCHE, AND ALL HIS MENZE, AND THARE WAS THIS HANYBALL AGAYNE PUT TO THE FLYCHT WITH ALL THE OST OF ANTHEOCHE. BOT SYNE WAS THE PES TRETIT BETUIX THE ANTHEOCHANIS AND THE ROMAYNIS, BE CERTANE ACCORDAUNCE AND APPOYNTMENT, IN THE QUHILK APPOYNTMENT HANYBALL WAS NOCHT CONFORSIT. HERE SPEKIS THE STORYE OF THE DESTRUCCIOUN OF THE CITEE OF CARTAGE BE THE ROMAYNIS. AND THUS WAS IT ORDANYT BE THE GOVERNOURIS OF THE ROMAYNIS, THAT ALL (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) MANER OF MAN UNDER PAYNE OF DEDE BROCHT HIS ARMOURE TO THE LORDIS OF ROMAYNIS, IN THE PALACE, THE QUHILK THAI DURST NOCHT GAYNSTAND, BUT BROCHT ALL HALELY THE HARNES, AND THAI DEPARTIT THAME AMANG THAIR MENZE, AND PUT THE REMAYNAND OUT OF THE TOUNE. AND QUHEN THAI HAD THIS DONE, THAI GERT CRY THAT ALL MANER OF MAN AND WOMAN OF CARTAGE SULD SCHAPE THAME AND THAIR GUDIS TO PAS IN OTHIR CONTREIS TO LYVE, AND LEVE THE TOUNE WASTE, THE QUHILK QUHEN THE FOLK HERD, THAN WAR THAI WA THAT THAI HAD GEVIN THAIR ARMYNG FRA THAME, SAYAND THAT THAI HAD LEVER ALL DEE TOGIDER NA TO LEVE THAT NOBLE TOUNE, AND GROUND THAT WAS SA DELYTABLE AND SA GRACIOUS THAT THAI HAD SA GRETE REGRATE TO LEVE IT, THAT ALL MAID SIK SOROW, MAN, AND WOMMAN, THAT PITEE

WAS TO SE. AND SA THAI TUKE TO COUNSALE THAT, SEN THAI HAD NANE ARMYNG NA IRNE TO MAK IT OF THAY HAD GOLD AND SILVER YNEUCHE, THAI SULD MAK THAME ARMOURIS OF GOLD AND SILVER, AND SA DID. AND MAID THAME FOUR CONSTABLES IN THE CITEE, AND SCHUPE THAME HALE FOR BATAILL. AND SEMBLIT THAME TOGEDIR, AND SETT FYRE IN MA NA ( X ) OR ( XII ) PLACIS IN THE TOUNE THE QUHILK FOR ( VI ) OR ( VIJ ) DAYIS CESSIT NEVER OF BIRNYNG THAT NOBLE CITEE THE QUHILK AS GUDE DOCTOUR OROSIUS SAIS HAD SEXTY (MARG)THE VINGAG OF THE TOWNE OF CARTAGE(END OF MARG) THOUSAND PASS ABOUT THE VINGANG OF THE TOUNE, AND SEXTY CUBITIS OF HICHT THE WALLIS AND THE THIKNES OF ( XXXTQIQ ) FUT THE WALLIS THE QUHILK WAS SA RICHE, MYCHTY AND OF NOBLESS DELYTIS AND BEAUTEE, THAT IT IS NOCHT TO BE COUNTIT FOR DOUT THAT MEN WALD NOCHT TROW IT, AS SAIS THE DOCTOURIS. AND WAS BIGGIT BOT SEX HUNDRETH ZERE AND ANE, BEFORE THAT TYME. IN THE QUHILK TYME THE CITEE OF CORINTHE, THE QUHILK SANCT PAULE CALLIS ( AD CORYNTHEOS ) IN LATYNE, WAS TANE BE THE ROMAYNIS AND WASTIT ALLUTERLY. AND THE TAKARIS WAR SCHIR GAY SCHIR CORNELLI, SCHIR BRUY, AND SCHIR BARRO CONSULES OF ROME. ALSSUA ALL THE CONTREIS THAT MEN CALLIS ACHAY WAS TANE AND PUT IN THE OBEISAUNCE OF ROME. AND THUS HAD THE LORDIS OF ROME AT ANIS NERE ALL THE MAIST PART OF THE WARLD. AND IT IS GUDE TO WIT HOW IN THAT TOUNE OF CORINTHE THARE WAS MONY YDOLIS, AND FALS GODDIS MAID OF GOLD AND SILVER, FOR IN THAT TOUNE WAS GRETE QUANTITEE OF ALL METALLIS, QUHILKIS MELTIT QUHEN THE TOUNE BRYNT, AND SCHOT DOUNE ALL TOGEDIR THE METALLIS, AND MELLIT THAME ALL TOGEDIR, AND WAS CALLIT BRASSE. AND IN THAT TYME THARE WAS A BARNE BORNE IN ROME, THE QUHILK HAD FOUR FETE AND FOUR HANDIS FOUR EYNE AND FOUR ERIS AND HAD BOT A HEDE A BODY AND TWA PYNTILLIS. AND THE BARNE WAS BORNE OF A SCLAVE, OF THE QUHILK IS MONY IN ROME. AND THIS THING BEFELL FYVE HUNDRETH ZERE AND ( XLI ) ZERIS (MARG) ( BELLUM ) (END OF MARG) EFTER THAT THE CITEE OF ROME WAS FIRST BIGGIT. AND IN THAT TYME THARE COME AGAYNIS ROME TO DESTROY IT THE

POWARIS OF CIPRE, THE POWARE OF ALMAYNE, AND THE POWERE OF FRAUNCE, BOT THE ROMAYNIS WAS WELE WARNYT THAROF, AND MET THAME FRA ROME A GRETE WAY IN BATAILL RANGIT SCHIR MAHET CONSUL OF ROME WITH PEPLE UNNOWMERABLE. AND THARE STRAKE THAI TOGEDIR, IN A MANER THAT HARD WAS TO HERE TELL , THAT SIK A STOUR AND SIK VAILLIAUNCE, NA SIK DESTRUCCIOUN OF BLUDE WAS NEVER BEFORE THAT TYME SENE IN A FELDE, FOR THE BATAILLIS WAS BATHE SA STARK AND MYCHTY, SA CRUELL AND SA MORTALL, THAT LANG TIME THE STOURE DURAND MYCHT NANE KEN QUHA HAD ONY AVANTAGE, QUHILL AT THE LATTER OF THE FELDE, THE ROMAYNIS TYNT THAIR CHIFTANIS WITH MONY OF THAIR WORTHY MEN OF ARMES, LYTILL AND LITILL WITH LANG SARE FECHTING, SA THAT QUHEN THE BATAILL TUKE END AS IT BEHOVIT TO DO THE ROMAYNIS WAS ALL DISCOMFYTE IN THAT BATAILL UTTERLY, THE QUHILK WAS SA LATHE TO GEVE OUR, THAT ALMAIST MYCHT NANE PERSAVE THAT ONY QUANTITEE OF PEPLE ESCHAPIT FRA THE BATAILL. OFF THE QUHILK CRUELL MORTALITEE IT WAS SA GRETE PITEE TO HERE THE CRYE, AND THE LAMENTACIOUN THAT IN ROME WAS MAID BE THE PEPLE, QUHEN THAI HERD THE NEWIS FOR NANE COUD NOMBRE THE GRETE MULTITUDE OF PEPLE THAT DEID ON BATHE THE SYDIS, BOT AS I HERD IN THE STORIES REHERS, THARE DEID OF ARMYT MEN, BUT COMMONIS OF THE ROMAYNIS MARE THAN ( XXIIII ) THOUSAND, WITH FOURTY THOUSAND OF OTHERIS QUHAT OF THE PARTYES OF COULOIGNE QUHAT OTHIR THAIR ALLYES, AND QUHEN THE FELDE WAS DISPOYLIT AND ENDIT, THE FRANCHE MEN WITH THAIR ALLIES TUKE TO COUNSELE, AND SEND TEN MEN OF THE ROMAYNES TO TELL THE NEWIS TO ROME, AND ASK DELIVERAUNCE OF THE TOUNE. BOT GRETE GOD, QUHAT SOROW WAS TO SE HOW THE CRY AND THE NOYS RAIS IN THE TOUN AMANG THE PEPLE SA HYDOUSLY THAT IT WAS HORRIBLE TO HERE, QUHEN SA OFT AND MONY TYMES THAT THAIR KYN AND FRENDIS WAS SLAYN DOUNE, AND MYCHT NEVER LYVE IN PES NA REST, THAT NANE THAT SAW IT MYCHT HALD FOR GRETE. BOT ZIT WAS THARE A NOBLE MAN, CONSUL (MARG) ( BELLUM ) (END OF MARG) OF ROME, CALLIT SCHIR SOMPNY, THE QUHILK SEMBLIT AGAYNE

ALL THE POWERE OF ROME AND COME AGAYNIS THAIR INYMYES FORESAID, BOT QUHEN HE CAME THE FROST AND SNAW WAS SA FELL AND SA STARK WEDER, THAT THAI COUD NOCHT FYND TO GEVE THAME AS THAN, BATAILL. BOT SONE EFTER, HE SET ON THAME SMERTLY WITH SIK HARDYNES AND FERSTEE, THAT UNES MYCHT THE FRAUNCHE MEN AND THE ALMAYNIS PUT THAME IN ORDINAUNCE OF BATAILL. AND SA FOR THAIR MISGOVERNAUNCE, THAI WAR DISCOMFYTE, AND ALL THAT OST DESTROYIT THAT GRETE PITEE WAS TO HERE TELL. FOR AS THE DOCTOUR IN THAI STORIES SAIS, THARE WAS SLAYN IN THAT FELDE THAT TYME SEVIN SCORE OF THOUSANDIS, AND SEXTY THOUSAND PRISONARIS. AND FOR THAT VICTORYE THAT THAME BEFELL THARE, WAS ORDANYT TO BIG A TEMPLE IN ROME WAS CALLIT CYPRIANE, ( POUR LEZ GENS ) FOR THE FOLK OF CIPRE THAT THARE DECESSIT. AND THARE WAS SA MONY WOMMEN WITH THAIR BARNIS TURSIT WITH THAME, THE QUHILK BARNIS THAI SLEW ALL HALELY, QUHEN THAI SAW THE BATAILL DISCOMFYT AND THAIR FADERIS SLAYN FOR DISPYTE THARE ( ETC ) HERE TELLIS THE STORYE OF THE BATAILL THAT WAS EFTER THIS, BETUIX THE ALMAYNIS AND THE ROMAYNIS, THE QUHILK (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THE ALMAYNIS WAN, AND DISCONFYTE THE ROMAYNIS. THE STORYIS SAIS THAT EFTER THAT ROME WAS MAID SEX HUNDRETH SEXTY AND TEN ZERIS, THARE WAS SENE MONY EVILL TAKENIS AT CHARENTE. FOR A LANG TYME EFTER, QUHEN FOLK SCHARE THAIR BREDE ON A DAY THE BRED BLED ALS FAST AS IT HAD (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BENE EFTER A WOUND. AND EFTER THAT, WAS SENE A GRETE FLAUMBE OF FYRE IN THE AIRE, SA HYE PASSAND, THAT IT WAS LYKE AS IT WALD PAS TO THE HEVIN, AND ALL THE TAME BESTIS, AS HUNDIS AND HAUKIS, HORS AND ASS, OR SCHEPE, OR NOWT, THAT WAS WOUNT TO DUELL WITH MEN HAMELY, WORTHY SA DOLOROUS, THAT IT SEMYT THAT THAI GRET FOR SOROW, AND HID THAME IN WODDIS AND NAMELY THE DOGGIS PAST IN WODDIS AND HID THAME AS WOLFIS, AND MAID SA GRETE NOYSIS AND DOLOURIS, THAT IT WAS LIKE A GRETING. AND SONE EFTER THAT THE ALMAYNIS SETT THAME TO REVENGE

CRUELLY THE DISTRUCCIOUN OF THAIR PEPLE, AND SA HAD THAI SYNDRY BATAILLIS THAT WAS DONE IN THAI PARTIES, THE QUHILKIS WE LEVE TO SPEKE OF AS THIS TYME. AND IT IS TO WIT THAT JULIUS CESAR REGNYT IN THAT TYME, QUHILK (MARG) JULIUS CESAR (END OF MARG) WAS ZONG, AND WAS DISCOMFYTE IN THAT BATAILL, AND MONY OF THE NOBLES OF ROME. AND JULIUS CESAR FLED HIM ALLANE WITH FEW IN COMPANY THAT WITH GRETE PAYNE MYCHT HE SAUF HIS AWIN LYF. AND MONY TYMES WAR THE ROMAYNIS OURCUMMYN IN THAI TYMES, AND HAD GRETE MISFORTUNE, AND TYNT MONY GRETE BATAILLIS IN SYNDRY CONTREIS, AND AY HAD THE WERR. AND QUHEN THE SENATOURIS SAW THE FORTUNE GANG AGAYNIS THAME SA AUKWARTLY, THAN CLED THAI IN CLETHING OFSEKKIS, AND IN WEDIS OF DOLOURE. AND SA DID THE NOBLE CONSUL JULIUS CESAR, THAT WAS BOT CONSUL ZIT, AND WAS OF SA HYE HERT THAT IT GRETE MERVAILLE. THE QUHILK LORD, QUHEN HE SAW THE SENATOURIS AND CONSULES SA CLED IN SEKKIS AND IN DOLOUR, AND HIM SELF IN THE SAMYN, HIS HERT RAIS IN HIS BRESTE AND BELIT SA, THAT UNES MYCHT HE LEFT FOR IRE. AND GADERIT THE POWER OF ROME, AND PAST APON THE INYMYES OF THE EMPIRE OF ROME, AND GAVE THAME BATAILL WITH SIK A STOUTNES OF HARDY MEN OF ARMES THAT HE PUTT THAME ALL TO DESTRUCCIOUN, AND VENCUST ALL THAIR MENZE, AND PUT THAME TO NOCHT. AND (MARG) ( BELLUM ) (END OF MARG) IN THE SAMYN TYME COME NEWIS TILL HIM THAT ANE OTHIR CONSUL OF ROME CALLIT SCHIR POMPEE, THE QUHILK OTHIR TYMES WAS DISCOMFYTE WITH A KYNDE OF MEN CALLIT DAMASIENIS, AND HAD AGAYN REALYD HIS FOLK, AND GEVIN THAME BATAILL, AND WONNYN THAME AND DESTROYIT THAME ALLUTERLY, AND SLEW OF THAME ( XXV ) THOUSAND SLEW THAIR EMPEROUR WITH MONY NOBLE WERREYOURE. HERE SPEKIS THE STORYE OF ANE CALLIT SCILLA INYMY TO ROME, THE QUHILK STRAKE MONY GRETE BATAILL AGAYNIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THE ROMAYNIS, THAT, WITHIN LESS NA ( X ) ZERE, THARE DEID IN PRISOUNS ( XXIIII ) THOUSAND ROMAYNIS. ET CINQ CENS

NOBLEZ SEIGNEURS, AND FYVE HUNDRETH NOBLES OF LORDIS OF ROME THAT DEID IN PRISOUN, WITH FOUR CONSULES, THE QUHILKIS THE INYMYES WALD NOCHT LAT TO RANSOUN FOR THAIR GRETE VAILLIANTNES, THE QUHILK WAR OUR LANG TO TELL AND IN THIS TYME THE NOBLE CONSUL POMPEE HELD UP THE WERIS FOR THE CITEE OF ROME IN PARTIES OF THE ORIENT, IN THE QUHILK TYME HE STRAKE BATAILLIS AGAYN ( XIJ ) CROWNIT KINGIS IN THE ORIENT, THE QUHILK HE HELD AT THE BARR. AND LETE THAME LITILL WYN AT HIS HAND. FOR BATHE HE AND HIS MEN WAR BATHE WYS, AND HARDY, AND UNDERTAKAND, AND OF GUDE LYF THAT IS MEKLE TO PRIS IN MEN OF ARMES, FOR QUHEN THAI AR CLENE, THAN AR THAI HARDY AS LYOUNE, AND NEVER AR AFFRAYIT FOR PERILE THAT MAY FALL, NA DISCONFORTIT, FOR WORTHY MEN AND HARDY AR AY OF (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) GUDE CONFOURT AND GOVERNAUNCE. HERE SPEKIS THE STORYE OF JULIUS CESAR, THE QUHILK FOR HIS MEKLE NOBLESSE, THRE WORTHI PRINCIS COME TILL HIM OF THAIR AWIN CURAGE AND PROPRE MOTYF, AND MAID HIM OBEISAUNCE. THE TANE CALLIT WAS YSALPYNE, AND THE TOTHIR GALEA TRESSA PINO, AND THE THRID THOMASSELYN IN THE QUHILK TYME, AS SAIS THE STORIES, MONY GRETE BATAILLES WAS STRIKIN AGAYN THE FRANCHE MEN BE JULIUS CESAR, BOT THE FRANCHE MEN HAD TYNT SA MONY MEN THAT THAI MYCHT NA MARE. AND ALSUA, ON THE TOTHIR PART SA MONY MEN WAS TYNT, THAT UNES MYCHT MEN SE QUHA HAD THE BETTER, SA MONY WAS DEDE ON EVERY SYDE. BOT EVER THE SAID JULIUS CESAR MAID THE DISCONFITURE, AND PUT THE FRANCHE MEN ALL TO NOCHT, AND SYNE PASSIT AGAYN TO ROME. BOT IN PASSAND HE DESTROYIT A CITEE THAT WAS CALLIT TURANNES, THAT REBELLIT TILL HIM, AND TURNYT HIM AGAYN IN THE LANDIS OF GALLIE, AND MAID A BRIG APON THE RYVER OF RYNE, AND QUHEN HE COME TOWART ROME AGAYN A CONSUL CALLIT SCHIR TRANAA WALD HALD HIM AT THE PORTIS, AND NOCHT GEVE HIM ENTREE. OF QUHILK HE WAS AT GRETE MALES. AND THAN WAS POMPEE WITH A GRETE

OST IN THE ORIENT. AND THAN QUHEN JULIUS CESAR WAS CUMMYN TO ROME, THAI DURST NOCHT WARNE HIM THE PORTIS, BOT THAI SAID THAI HAD NA GOLD TO GEVE HIM TO PAY HIS SOULDIOURIS OF THAIR WAGIS. HE PAST TO THE HOUS OF THE COMMOUN TRESOUR OF THE TOUNE, AND BRAK UP THE PORTIS, AND TUKE THE GOLD THAT HE FAND THARE TO PAY HIS MENNIS WAGIS WITH. AND SYNE FURTHWITH PASSIT TO THE LAND OF LEGIOUN IN SPAYNE, AND THARE CONQUEST A MENZE CALLIT ALPHIS, AND SYNE PASSIT FERRAR IN SPAYNE, AND CONQUEST A KYNDE OF MEN CALLIT PEMPIONIS. AND THIS DID JULIUS CESAR FOR DESPYTE OF POMPEE QUHILK HAD GRETE INVYE AT HIM, THE QUHILK WAS CONSUL OF ROME, AND HAD DONE GRETE GREF TO THAT CONTREE. AND QUHEN HE HAD DONE HIS WILL IN PARTY, AND QUHEN HE HAD RECONFOURT HIS MENZE, HE PASSIT (MARG) ( BELLUM. ) JULIUS CESAR. (END OF MARG) IN LOMBARDYE TO METE SCHIR POMPEE, THE QUHILK FLED NOCHT, BOT BADE HIM STOUTLY IN FELDE, FOR HE WAS A WORTHY PRINCE AND HARDY LORDE, AND HAD FOLK YNEWE AT WILL, AND ALS HE DRED NA MAN. AND THARE HE ORDANYT HIS BATAILL IN ( XXXII ) COMPANYES, THE QUHILKIS AR CALLIT IN LOMBARDYE COHORS, THAT IS DIVISIOUNIS OF BATAILLIS. AND QUHEN JULIUS CESAR WIST QUHARE HE WAS, HE SPED HIM RYCHT SONE TOWART HIM, AND ORDANYT AGAYNE HIS ( XXXII ) PARTIS OF HIS BATAILLIS, ALS MONY PARTIS OF HIS MENZE TO METE THAME. AND SA BEGAN THE GRETE BATAILL SA VIGOROUS, THAT THE STOUR STRAKE IN THE HEVIN OF THE CRUELTEE OF THAT MORTALL BATAILL, THAT IT NEDIS NOCHT TO TELL, NA REHERS THE GRETE PROWESS AND NOBLESS OF ARMES THAT THARE WAS DONE, QUHILK WAR OUR LANG TO COMPT. AND QUHEN THE BATAILLIS HAD SA LANG LESTIT THAT IT WAS GRETE MERVAILL TILL ENDURE, THE BATAILL OF POMPEE BEGAN TO SCHED AND TILL IRK, AND TOKE THE FLICHT, AND PAST IN THE PARTIES OF EGIPT, HE AND THAI THAT WAS LEFT ON LYVE OF HIS COMPANY. AND THARE THE KING OF EGIPT HERD THAT HE WAS INYMY TO JULIUS CESAR, AND GERT PUT HIM TO CRUELL DEDE, FOR HE LUFIT WELE JULIUS CESAR, AND FAYN WALD HAVE DONE HIM PLESAUNCE AND THAN JULIUS CESAR THAT WIST NOCHT

THAT HE WAS DEDE SAID HE SULD FOLOWE HIM AY QUHILL HE FAND HIM, AND PAST EFTER HIM IN ALEXANDRY. AND QUHEN THE KING OF EGIPT HERD THAT HE WAS CUMMAND, HE SEND HIM THE HEDE OF POMPEE AND HIS SKYN, THE QUHILK QUHEN JULIUS CESAR SAWE HE GRET SA FAST THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT STANCHE LANG TYME EFTER, SAYAND THAT GRETE PITEE WAR THAT SA WORTHI A MAN SULD DEE SIK A DEDE. AND THUS PAST JULIUS CESAR TO THE CITEE OF ROME, AND WAS RESSAVIT WITH GRETE JOYE. FOR MONY ANE OF THE COMMOUN LUFIT HIM, AND THE GRETE THAT LUFIT HIM NOCHT DOUBTIT HIM AND SA DID HIM HONOUR. AND QUHEN HE COME TO ROME, THAN WAS HE MAID CONSUL WITH GRETE CHERE, GRETE FESTE, AND GRETE SOLEMPNITEE. AND THARE FURTHWITH, HE GERT ASSEMBLE ALL MANER OF MAN OF WERE, AND ORDANYT HIM TO PASSE IN SPAYNE, FOR POMPEES REMAYNIS OF HIS MEN MAID SYK DERAY THARE, THAT THAI DESTROYIT ALL THAT TO THE ROMAYNIS PERTENYT IN THAT CONTREE. AND THARE HE PAST AND PUT TO SUBJECTIOUN ALL THAT KYNDE OF MEN, AND SCOURIT THE CONTREE OF (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THAME, AND DESTROYIT THAME HALELY. AND SYNE HE PAST AGAYNE TO ROME WITH GRETE SOLEMPNITEE. AND INCONTYNENT EFTER THAT HE WAS CUMMYN THAI CALLIT HIM IN COUNSALE, AND GAVE HIM THE NAME OF PRINCE OF ROME, FOR THE GRETE VAILLIAUNCE, AND WORTHY DEDIS OF ARMES AND MONY BATAILLIS THAT HE DID FOR THE FREDOME OF ROME. AND TREULLY I FAND NEVER STORYE, THUS SAIS THE MAISTER OF STORYES, HYDIRTILLIS THAT EVER CALLIT JULIUS CESAR EMPEROUR OF ROME, BOT CONSUL EVER QUHILL HE COME THAN LAST OUT OF SPAYNE. AND THAN WAS HE CALLIT EMPEROUR, AS SAID IS. BOT GIF ONY CALLIT HIM EMPEROURE, THAT WAS MARE FOR THE GRETE BATAILLIS AND GRETE DEDIS HE DID, THE QUHILK STERIT ANE EMPEROURIS ESTATE IN HIS TYME, NA FOR SUTHEFASTNES. FOR THE DOCTOURIS SAIS THAI FAND NEVER IN NA CRONICLES, NA STORIES OF ROME, NA OTHERIS THAT EVER HE WAS CALLIT EMPEROUR, BOT ANERLY FIRST CONSUL, AND SYNE PRINCE OF ROME. BOT HE WAS RYCHT MEKLE ENCLYNIT TO VERTUE

MORALE, AND ALL NOBLESS, FOR HE WAS BATHE HONEST AND HONOURABLE CURTAIS AND FREE, HARDY AND FULL OF ALL GUDE PROPRIETEIS, DOUBTIT AND LUFIT WITH ALL MEN, THAT A MAN MAY NOCHT COUNT ALL THE NOTABLE CONDICIONIS THAT WAS IN HIM, THAT I HAVE GRETE DULE TO THINK ON HIS DEDE, WAR NOCHT THAT IT BEHOVIT BE TOCUM TILL OURE PURPOS UNDERTANE. SA IT BEFELL IN ROME, THAT MONY ENVYES WAS HAD (MARG)THE SLAWCHTER OF JULIUS CESAR EMPREOUR(END OF MARG) APON HIM WITH THE FALS TRAYTOURIS OF ROME. AND AMANG THE LAVE WAS ANE CALLIT BRUT, AND ANE OTHIR CALLIT CASSE. WITHIN THE ZERE EFTER THAT HE COME OF SPAYNE AND WAS MAID PRINCE, THAI TWA CONSPIRIT HIS DEDE. AND SA BEHAPNYT THAT ANE HUNDRETH DAIS BEFORE HIS DEDE, THARE FELL A TEMPEST OF THE HEVYN APON ANE YMAGE, WAS MAID EFTER HIS SEMBLAUNCE, AND WAS NEREBY THE CAPITOYLE. AND THAT TEMPEST OF FYRE FRA THE HEVIN STRAKE AWAY THE LETRES THAT WAS WRITTIN IN HIS NAME APON THE MARBRE STANE OF THE YMAGE. AND IN THE NYCHT BEFORE THAT HE WAS PUT TO DEDE, THARE RAIS A WYND IN HIS PALACE SA TERRIBLE GRETE AND HYDOUS THAT HE DOUBTIT THAT HIS PALACE SULD BLAW TO THE ERDE, THAT FOR FERDENES HE RAIS AND PAST TO VISYTE HIS PALACE. AND SYNE QUHEN THE TEMPEST WAS CESSIT HE COME IN HIS BED, AND THE LADY HIS WYF SAID TILL HIM THAT SCHO HAD HAD A GRETE AVISIOUN THAT NYCHT, PRAYAND HIM TO HALD HIM IN AT PRAYERIS AND CONTEMPLACIOUN FOR THAT A DAY, TO SET BY ANE EVILL HOURE, GIF ONY WAS TO CUM THAT DAY. AND THAN QUHEN HE RAIS, THE SENATOURIS SEND FOR HIM TO BE AT THE SECRETE COUNSALE OF THE TOUNE THAT DAY IN THE CAPITOILE. AND THARE THE LADY HIS WYF MAID HIM INSTAUNCE NOCHT TO PAS THIDER, BOT HE WALD NOCHT DO HIR COUNSAILE. AND ZIT WITH THAT, COME A SECRETE LETTER TILL HIM IN THE MORNYNG, OF ANE OF HIS MAIST SPECIALE FRENDIS QUHILK HAD SUM PERSAVING OF THE MISCHEF. AND HE HAD NA GRACE TO REDE THAT LETTER OR HE PAST TO THE CAPITOILE TO THE SECRETE COUNSALE. BOT HELD THE LETTER IN HIS HAND UNRED QUHILL HE WAS CUMMYN IN THE HALL OF THE CAPITOILE, THE QUHILK HAD HE RED HE HAD SAVIT HIS LYF. AND BE CAUS

THAT IT WAS ORDANYT THAT NA MAN SULD ENTER IN THE CAPITOYLE WITH WAPNIS NA ARMOURIS, NOCHT SAMEKLE AS A KNYF, AND THARFORE THE PRINCE JULIUS CESAR BROCHT WITH HIM NOUTHIR WAPYN NA ARMURIS NA OTHIR DEFENCE BOT IN HIS SEMAT. AND THAN THE TRAYTOURIS THAT HAD HIS DEDE MACHYNIT HAD ORDANYT ILKANE OF THAME ANE BROCHE OF STELE OF GUDE LENTH PUT DOUN ON LANG HIS HOS. AND ALSFAST AS HE WAS CUMMYN IN THE COUNSALE, THAY TRAYTOURIS RAN ON HIM AND STRAKE HIM THROU THE BODY IN MA THAN ANE HUNDRETH PLACIS. AND QUHEN HE SAWE HE WAS BETRAISIT, HE DEFENDIT HIM WITH FETE AND HANDIS, AND GERT MONY OF THAME GROVILL THAT HE MYCHT OUR GET, AND SA STOUTLY STERIT HIM AMANG THAME QUHILL HE MYCHT STAND, THAT THARE DURST NANE CUM ON HIM ALLANE BOT THAI WAR ALL TOGEDER. AND SA LANG DAGGIT THAI IN HIM BEHYND AND BEFORE, AND ON AYTHIR SYDE, QUHILL AT THE LAST HE FELL DOUNE DEDE IN THE PLACE, OFF THE QUHILK IT WAS GRETE SCATHE TO THE CITEE OF ROME. AND QUHEN IT WAS DISCOVERIT IN THE TOUNE, THAI MAID GRETE REGRATE AND LAMENTACIOUN FOR THE NOBLE PRINCE, AND FURTHWITH GERT MAK A TOUMBE APON A HYE PILLARE OF MARBRE IN THE FAIREST PLACE OF ROME, IN MYDDIS OF THE MERCATE, AND SET THARE ABUNE ANE YMAGE OF HIM CURIOUSLY CORVIN IN MARBRE THE MAIST HONOURABLY THAT MANNIS WIT COUD DEVIS, THE QUHILK IS ZIT CALLIT THE PILLARE JULIEN, THE QUHILK IS OF ( VI ) SCORE OF FUT OF HICHT ABUNE THE ERDE. AND AS TELLIS THE STORYES OF ROME, THARE WAS A (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) LABOURARE NEREBY ROME, THE QUHILK AT HIS PLEUCH GANGAND, BRODDIT HIS OX WITH A SCHARP BROD, THE QUHILK OX SPAK AGAYNE SAYAND TILL HIS MAISTER, QUHY BRODDIS THOU ME? THOU DOIS NOCHT WELE THAROF, FOR THOU SEIS I AM BOT A BESTE AND DOIS AS A BESTE. BOT OR LANG TYME BE GANE, THARE SALL MEN THAT AR CALLIT RESONABLE DO MARE BESTLY DEDIS. OF THE QUHILKIS WORDIS THE LABOURARE WAS SA ABAISIT THAT INCONTYNENT HE PASSIT TO THE CITEE AND TALD THIS MERVAILL, QUHILK NA MAN COUD DEVIS NA JUGE, QUHILL THE CAS BEFELL OF THE CRUELL TRESOUN OF JULIUS CESAR THE NOBLE PRINCE. QUHARFORE MEN SULD NOCHT OUR MEKLE SETT THAIRE HERTIS ON WARLDLY FORTUNE NA FELICITEE, THE QUHILK QUHEN SCHO PUTTIS A MAN TO MAIST HONOUR AND GLORE, THAN IS IT IN MAIST PERILE TO TURNE SUDAYNLY FRA THE HICHT AND PUTTIS HIM FULL LAWE, THE QUHILK FORTUNE HAS SCHAWIN HIR FEKILNES IN MONY MANER OF WYS TO THE WORTHIEST THAT EVER WAS AS ECTOR, ALEXANDER, JULIUS CESAR, JOSUE, JUDAS, DAVID AND SALAMON THE WYS, SAMPSON THE WICHT, ABSOLON THE FAIRE, ARTHURE, CHARLIS, GODDEFRAY OF BAYLLOUN WITH MONY ANE OTHIR FULL WORTHY, THE QUHILKIS FORTUNE HAS SET HYE UP ON THE QUHELE AND QUHEN SCHO LEFT TURNYS THE CHAUNCE. HERE SPEKIS THE STORYE OF OCTOVIAN THE NEPUEU OF JULIUS CESAR, THE QUHILK, QUHEN HIS EME JULIUS CESAR (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) WAS DEDE, HE COME TO ASK THE SEIGNOURY OF ROME EFTER HIS EME, THE YERE EFTER THAT ROME WAS FOUNDIT, SEX HUNDRETH AND ( XJ ) YERE, THE QUHILK WAS RESSAVIT, FOR HE WAS THE SAID JULIUS CESARIS BROTHERIS SONE AND OF GRETE ZOUTHEDE. BOT NEVERTHELES HE WROCHT DEDIS OF ELDE AND NOCHT OF ZOUTHEDE, FOR HE CONQUEST THE MESSINES, AND WAS BE HIM MONY GRETE BATAILLIS STRIKIN MERVAILLOUS, AND APON A MANER OF FOLK CALLIT PHILIPPIANIS THE QUHILKIS WAS WIKKIT AND EVILL PEPLE AND GRETE WERREYOURIS. AND EFTER THAT, HE VENCUST THAME OF PERUSSE THAT WAS GRETE INYMYES TO ROME. AND SCHORTLY TO SAY, ALL THE CONTREIS THAT WAR NERE ABOUT ROME, THAT WAR REBELLOURIS HE PUT THAME SA LAW THAT THAME BEHOVIT OBEY. AND SYNE EFTER THAT, HE PASSIT IN PERS IN THE ORIENT AND TUKE IT BE FORCE. IN THE QUHILK VOYAGE HE HAD MONY BATAILLIS, AND ALL WAS TILL HIS HONOUR. AND THAN QUHEN HE COME AGAYN TO ROME, THAN WAS HE CALLIT EMPEROUR ( PER LEZ ) ROMAYNIS, IN LATYNE, AUGUSTUS, AND WAS THE FIRST THAT (MARG)THE FYRST EMPERATOR OF ROME(END OF MARG) EVER WAS CALLIT EMPEROUR OF ROME BE SUTHFAST AND TREWE HISTORIES. AND FRA THYNE FURTH, ALL THE CONTREIS BEGAN TO MAK HIM OBEISAUNCE, IN TAKENYNG THAT HE SULD HAVE

THE OBEYSAUNCE OF ALL THE LAVE OF THE WARLD. AND BE CAUS THAT IN THIS OCTOVIANIS TYME THE SONE OF GOD JHESU CRIST COME IN ERDE AND TUKE FLESCH OF THE BLESSIT VIRGYNE MARY, I WILL SPEKE NOW NO MARE OF HIS GOVERNAUNCE. FOR THE LAWIS SAIS ( QUOD ADVENIENTE PRINCIPE, CESSAT OMNIS SUBORDINATA POTESTAS), THAT IS TO SAY THAT QUHEN THE PRINCIPALE LORD AND PRINCE CUMMYS, ALL JURISDICTIOUN OF JUGIS SUBORDYNATE CESSIS, (ETC) HERE SPEKIS THE AUTOUR OF A QUESTIOUN BE THE QUHILK JURISDICTIOUN COME FIRST TO MANNIS SONE IN ERDE. NOW SEN WE HAVE SCHAWIN HOW FIRST COME KINGIS, AND THAT KINGIS WAS LANG BEFORE THE EMPEROURIS, NOW GUDE WAR TO SE HOW JURISDICTIOUN AND EXECUCIOUN OF LAW COME FIRST TO MAN, TO BE HALDIN AMANG MEN. APON THE QUHILK THING I SALL MOVE TWA QUESTIONES, SA THAT TEMPORALE MEN AND SECULARIS MAY BETTER KNAW THE CAUS QUHY AND HOW IT COME FIRST. AND FIRST, I SPERE QUHYNE COME FIRST JURISDICCIOUN? THE SECUND, QUHA WAS THE FIRST JUGE? AND AS BELANGAND THE FIRST QUESTIOUN, FRA QUHYNE COME JUGEMENT, I ANSUERE THE EFTER A CHAPITER IN DECREIS THAT IT COME FRA GOD HIMSELF, AND BE HIS AWIN ORDYNAUNCE, AND THE SAID CHAPTER BEGYNNIS THUS IN LATYNE, (QUI RESISTIT) AND ANE OTHIR BEGINNIS THUS IN LATINE, (CUM ADVENIENTE). BOT GIF THOU REDAR WILL ARGUE ME THUS, SAYAND THAT SUPPOS GOD GAVE POWER NOW OF LATE TO MAN, HE GAFE NANE AT THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE WARLD TO HAVE LORDSCHIP JURISDICCIOUN NA POWER ANE APONE ANE OTHIR, I ANSUERE THE THAT IT IS SUTH. BOT NATHELES HE GAVE TO MAN WIT AND RESOUN, KNAULAGE AND DISCRECIOUN TO GOVERNE HIM RESONABLY. AND ALSSUA HE ORDANYT BE NATURE, AND ALSSUA NATURALE RESOUN AND DISCRECIOUN SCHAWIS THAT, IN ALL THING THAT HAS PARTIS AND MEMBRIS, IT IS NECESSITEE THAT IT HAVE A HEDE. FOR QUHY, QUHARE THARE IS NA HEDE, REGEMEN NA ORDINAUNCE, THARE RESOUN NATURALE FAILIS, FOR THAT CUMIS TO MEN BE ORDRE OF RESOUN, FOR NATURE HAS

AY RESOUN FOR IT, AND AY PUTTIS RESOUN BEFORE, AS GOD HAS ORDANYT. AND THUS LORDSCHIP AND JURISDICCIOUN CUMMYS FIRST OF GOD AND OF RESOUN NATURALE, FOR TILL ACCORD MENNIS DESIRIS TOGEDER. FOR MAN MAY SE BE RYCHT EXPERIENCE THAT QUHARE EVERY MAN IS YLIKE GRETE MAISTER, THAT FOLK IS BOT IN DIVISIOUN AND DISCENSIOUN, AND SONE EFTER CUMMYS TO PERDICIOUN. AND ALSSUA MEN SEIS THAT IN ANE HOST OF MEN OF WERE IS MAID AY ANE CONSTABLE. BOT IN THAT ENTENT THAT HE SULD BE CHEIF, IN CHEIF LORDIS NAME, TO GOVERNE THAT HOST IN LAW AND RESOUN, AND THAT ALL THE LAVE SULD BE OBEISAND AS MEMBRIS UNDER HIM, TO BE GOVERNYT FOR THAIR AWIN GUDE, AND THE PROFFIT COMMOUN. ALSSUA QUHY IS IT THAT IN SCHIPPIS ON THE SEE, MEN MAKIS AY ANE PATROUN AND MAISTER OUR THE LAVE TO GOVERNE ALL IN RESOUN ALL THE MEMBRIS OF THE SCHIP? CERTAYNLY BOT THAT GOD HAS GEVIN SIK NATURALE RESOUN TO MAN THAT HIM THINKIS IT IS BEHUFULL THING AND NECESSAIRE, AND MAY NOCHT ELLIS BE GUDELY GOVERNYT. AND THUS ALL JURISDICCIOUN AND JUSTICE CUMMIS FRA GOD, AND CHOSYN BE RESOUN NATURALE THROU MANNIS WIT. AND ALSSUA THE GRETEST CLERKIS PHILOSOPHOURIS NATURALE THAT EVER WAS, SAIS IN THAIR NATURALE SCIENCE OF PHISIK SA, ( UNDE LATINUM ARESTOTILES, IN OMNI PLURALITATE MEMBRORUM, NECESSE EST UT UNUM PRINCIPETUR ET CETERA FUERINT SUBJECTA). THE QUHILK AUTORITEE IS THUS UNDERSTANDIN, THAT IN ALL PLURALITEE OF MEMBRIS, IT IS NECESSAIR THAT ANE BE AS PRINCE, AND ALL THE LAVE BE OBEYSANT TILL IT, AND SUBJECTIS AT HIS BIDDING HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHILK WAS THE FIRST JUGE THAT EVER WAS ORDANYT AMANG MANNIS SONIS. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN HE ANSUERIS SAYAND THAT GOD WAS THE FIRST JUGE THAT EVER WAS FOR QUHY, QUHEN ADAM HAD SYNNIT, GOD GAVE THE SENTENCE SONE AGAYNIS HIM, THAT IN THE SUATE OF HIS VISAGE HE SULD WYN HIS BREDE, WITH THE TOTHIR SENTENCE ALSA. ALSSUA QUHEN CAYN SLEWE ABELL,

GOD GAVE THE SENTENCE ALSSUA, AND REFUSIT HIS SACRIFICE, QUHAREBY HE SCHAWIS THAT UNRYCHTWIS OFFERANDIS AR NOCHT ACCEPTABLE NA THANKFULL TO HIS GODHEDE. ALSSUA MONY OTHIR SENTENCES GOD GAVE AMANG MEN, QUHILKIS WAR OUR LANG TO WRYTE. BOT FRA THE LIGNEE OF ADAM MULTIPLYIT IN GRETE PEPLE, QUHEN ANE DID ANE OTHIR INJURE, THE FADER AY DID RESOUN AND CHASTISIT HIS SONE, FOR IT EFFERIS TO THE FADER TO CHASTIS HIS BARNIS, AND TO THE BARNIS IT EFFERIS TO BE SUBJECTIS AND OBEYSAND TO THE FADERIS. SYNE EFTER THIS, THE FADER BEGAN TO BE JUGE OF HIS AWIN SONE. BOT FOR SUM TYME IT HAPNIS IN ERDE THAT THE BARNIS AR NOCHT OF GUDE TECHING NA WILL NOCHT TAK WITH THE DOCTRYNE OF THE FADERIS, NA WALD NOUTHER TAK TECHING NA CHASTISEMENT OF THE FADER. AND ALSSUA SUM FADERIS AR SA PITOUS AND WAYKE SPIRITIT, THAT THAI COUD NOCHT FYND IN THAIR HERTIS TO DYNG NA CHASTY THAIR BARNIS, QUHILK NORIST THAIR BARNIS AY THE MARE IN VICIS, QUHEN THAI SAW THAI WAR SPARIT AND FAVOURIT OF THAIR FADERIS THAT MYCHT NOCHT FYND IN THAIR HERTIS TO PUNYS THAME EFTER THAIR DESERTIS AS JUSTICE REQUIRIS. FOR FEW IS THAIR FADERIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THAT, AND THAIRE BARNE HAD SLAYN ANE OTHIR WYFIS BARNE, WALD PUT THAIR AWIN BARNE TO DEDE THAREFORE. AND BE THIS CAUS, QUHEN THE PEPLE PERSAVIT THAT THE FADERIS WALD DO NA RESOUN, NA JUSTICE OF THAIR BARNIS, NA THAT THE BARNIS QUHEN THAI COME TILL ELDE WALD THOLE NA CORRECTIOUN OF THE FADERIS, RESOUN GAVE THE FOLK IN THAIR HERTIS TO MAK A SOVERANE, THE QUHILK SULD HAVE NA PITEE TO DO LAW AND RESOUN, AND TO JUSTIFY EVERY MAN EFTER HIS DESERTIS, AND THE QUHILK HAD POWER TO DO JUSTICE APON BATHE GRETE REBELLOURIS AND MISDOARIS AS APON THE SMALLIS, AND THAT MYCHT SUSTENE THE FEDE OF THAME QUHEN HE HAD DONE. AND ALSA, THE QUHILK HAD WIT AND RESOUN, KNAULAGE AND DISCRECIOUN TO DO JUSTICE AND EQUITEE BETUIX PARTIES, AND THAT TOBE MAID WITH CONSENTIS OF ALL THAT IT APPERTENYT TILL. BOT SIK REULIS OF ORDYNAUNCE OF JUGIS WAS NOCHT IN THAI TYMES ORDANYT BE THE COMMOUN

CONSENT TOBE MAID. BOT QUHA MYCHT, BE MAISTRY OR FORCE OF ARMES, BE LORD AND MAISTER, HE TUKE JURISDICTIOUN TILL HIM OF HIS AWIN AUTORITEE, AS I HAVE OTHIR TYMES BEFORE DECLARIT IN THIS VOLUME. AND SA WAS SENE ON THAME, FOR THAIR JURISDICTIOUN BEGAN WITH FORCE AND CRUELTEE, AND ENDIT RYCHT SA SOROUFULLY, OF THE QUHILK I SALL GYF ZOW A SCHORT ENSAMPLE IN FEW TERMES. AND (MARG)BABILON(END OF MARG) NAMELY OF THE FIRST REALME OF BABILONE, THE QUHILK WAS BEGUNNYN BE FORS BE ANE CALLIT NAMROT, THE QUHILK, THROU VERRAY FORS WAS THE FIRST LORD OF THAT REALME, FOR HE HELD SA MONY FOLK IN HIS COMPANY THAT NANE DURST GAYNSAY HIM, NA HIS BIDDING GAYNSTAND, AND THARFORE, SAIS A DECRETE AS LANGAND THAT MATER, IN THIS MANER, (NON EST CAPUT NAMROT ROBUSTUS VENATOR CORAM DOMINO, ID EST OPPRESSOR HOMINUM QUEM ECIAM AD TURRIM EDIFICANDAM ELEGIT). THAT IS TO SAY THAT NAMROT WAS ANE OPPRESSOUR OF PEPLE AND GERT THAME MAK THE GRETE TOUR OF BABILONE BE FORS. AND SA, BE FORCE, AND NOCHT BE THE CHOS OF THE PEPLIS, ELECTIOUN WAS FIRST CONQUEST, AND MAID THE TOUNE AND TOUR OF BABILONE. ALSSUA THE SECOUND OF THE GRETE (MARG)CARTAGE(END OF MARG) REALMES THAT WAS, WAS CALLIT CARTAGE, THE QUHILK ALSSUA WAS CONQUEST AND BIGGIT BE FORCE AND MAISTRY OF ANE CALLIT CALLA, AND BE GRETE TYRANYE, AS THE BIBLE BERIS WITNES. AND THE THRID GRETE REALME WAS MACEDOYNE, THE QUHILK (MARG)MACEDON(END OF MARG) WAS ALSSUA FOUNDIT BE ALEXANDER THE GRETE, BE FORCE AND MAISTRY OF TYRANNY, AS SAIS THE BIBLE. THE FERDE GRETE (MARG)ROME(END OF MARG) REALME WAS ROME, THE QUHILK WAS FOUNDIT BE REMY AND ROMELUS, QUHILK BE FORCE OF ARMES AND TYRANNY WAS CONQUEST AND FOUNDIT, AND ALL OTHIR LORDSCHIPPIS THAT THAI WAN, AND NOCHT LAUFULLY. AND NEVERTHELES MONY LORDIS OTHIR TYMES, THAT HAS CONQUEST LANDIS BE FORCE OF ARMYS, HAS KEPIT GUDE LAW AND JUSTICE EFTERWART IN THAIR CONQUESTIS, AND THAT IS COMMENDABLE. AND GIF ZE WILL WIT (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) QUHAT DIFFERENCE THARE IS BETUIX A NOBLE PRINCE AND A TYRANE KING, I SALL SCHAWE ZOW IN THE GLOS OF JOHNE ANDROW, DOCTOUR IN DECRETE. AND SPECIALY THAT A PRINCE

THAT IS A VERRAY NOBLE PRINCE IS AY ENCLYNIT TO THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT, AND TAKIS EVER PAYNE AND TRAVAILL FOR THE COMMOUNS, AND MARE FOR THE PROFFIT OF THE COMMOUNS OF HIS CONTREE NA FOR HIS PROFFIT SINGULAR. BOT AY THE GRETE TYRANE LUKIS TILL HIS AWIN PROUFFIT OF HIS AWIN PURS, AND HAS NA CURE OF THING IN THE WARLD BOT TO FULFILL HIS COFFRIS, AND OF GOD NA MAN HE SETTIS NOCHT, SA THAT HIS LUST BE FULFILLIT OF WARLDIS GUDIS. AND SIK JUGIS AR BOT BASTARDIS, IN REGARDE OF GUDE FAITHFULL LORDIS THAT AR ENCLYNIT TO CHERITEE AND COMMOUN PROFFIT, TO GODDIS LAW AND MANNIS, FOR OF SIK MEN THE JURISDICCIOUN IS FEYNYT, AND TANE OF FORS, AND NOCHT COMMYTTIT OF THE HIEST JUGE. RYCHT AS ANE ANTEPAPE IS NOCHT (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) VERRAY PAPE, NA HAS NA VERAY JURISDICTIOUN OF SANCT PETERIS POWAR. BOT HAS ANE JURISDICTIOUN USURPIT ON FORS WRANGWISLY, THE QUHILKIS CONDAMPNIS THAIR SAULIS AND DESTROYIS THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT. AS THARE IS MONY NOW DAYLY IN THE HALY KIRK, OF ANTIPAPIS, QUHILKIS PERVERTIS THE FAITH BE GRETE SCISMES AND DIVISIOUN, THE QUHILKIS DOIS THAT, MARE FOR TO HAVE HONOUR IN THE WARLD, AND DIGNITEIS IN HALY KIRK, NA THAI DO FOR THE ENCRESCING OF THE FAITH, OR TO MANETENE GODDIS SERVICE, OR TO DEFEND HALY KIRK FRA OPPRESSIOUN, OR TO FEDE PORE PECEABLE PERSONIS, OR OTHIR DEDIS OF CHERITEE TO FULFILL. THE QUHILKIS PRECHIS PRECHING CONTRARYE TO THE GUDE FAITH, MARE FOR THE DOUT THAI HAVE TO TYNE THAIR DIGNITEIS, THAT THAI HAVE GOTTYN WRANGWISLY THROU USUR SCISME OR SYMONY, NA THAI DO FOR TO QUYTE THAIR DETT TO THAIR LORD OF THE GRETE CHARGE THAI HAVE TANE OF HALY KIRK. OFF QUHILK, BOT GOD OF HIS HYE GRACE SET REMEDE, I SE NA WAY HOW THE HALY KIRK, THE CRISTYN FAITH, AND THE COMMOUN PROFFIT MAY BE KEPIT IN GUDE POLICY AND GUDE GOVERNANCE. AND THARFORE, AS SAIS SANCT JEROME, THE PASTOURIS HAS BROKYN AND RENT THE VESTEMENTIS OF HALY KIRK, THAT IS THE CRISTIN FAITH, AND HAS CORRUMPIT THE PEPLE BE FORCE OF FALS DOCTRYNE. BOT GIF THAT ONY BISCHOPPIS OR ARCHEBISCHOPIS,

OR OTHIR GUDELY HALY MEN, IN QUHILKIS THE FAITH REMAYNIS HELP TO BRING AGAYNE THE KIRK IN UNITEE BE SUM GRACIOUS WAY, OF THE QUHILK SCISME AND DIVISIOUN, QUHEN I THINK, I HAVE SA GRETE ULE, THAT QUHEN I SE QUHAT STATE THE CRISTYN FAITH STANDIS IN, AND IN QUHAT DIVISIOUN THE HALY KIRK IS THIS DAY, THAT I WATE NOCHT QUHAT I SALL SAY, BOT ERAR ME THINK IT BETTER WARE I HELD ME STILL. AND THARFOR I WILL LEVE THIS MATER, AND PAS TO MY FIRST PURPOS OF MY FIRST UNDERTAKING, SEN I CAN HERE SET NANE OTHIR REMEDE, (ETC). (HEAD)HERE ENDIS THE SECOUND PARTY OF THIS BUKE(END OF HEAD) (EXPLICIT SECUNDA PARS BELLORUM)

(HEAD) HERE FOLOWIS THE CHAPTERIS OF THE THRID PARTY OF THIS PRESENT BUKE, AS FOLOWIS HERE BE DECLARACIOUN.(END OF HEAD) IN THE FIRST, QUHETHIR IT BE LEFULL AND LAUFULL THING TILL ENTRE IN CLOUSIT FELDE TO DEFEND RICHTWIS CAUS (CAP.I) ITEM, OF THE SAMYN MATER ZIT SPEKIS HE MARE FURTHERLY (CAP.II) QUHETHIR IT BE THING POSSIBLE THAT THIS WARLD BE IN PES (CAP. III) HOW THAT FORCE IS ANE OF THE PRINCIPALE FOUNDEMENTIS OF BATAILL (CAP. IV) HOW THAT IT MAY BE KEND IN A MAN GIF HE BE FORSY OR NOCHT (CAP. V) QUHETHIR IS MARE VERTU TILL A MAN TO ASSAILZE, OR TO BYDE IN FELDE (CAP VI) BE HOW MONY THINGIS MAY MEN KNAW THE PROWESS OF A KNYCHT (CAP. VII) (GIF) A MAN SULD ERAR CHES TO DEE IN FELDE, NA FLEE FRA THE BATAILL (CAP. VIII) QUHAT PUNYCIOUN SULD HE HAVE THAT PASSIS FRA THE OST BUT LEVE (CAP. IX) QUHAT PUNYCIOUN SULD HE HAVE THAT FECHTIS WITH HIS LORDIS INYMY BUT LEVE, OR OF THE CONSTABLE (THE SAME)

HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR IS IT LEFULL AND LAUFALL TILL ENTRE IN CLOS BARRAS FOR TO DEFEND OR ASSAILE RYCHTWIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) TAK TENT TO THIS CHEPTOR(END OF MARG) QUERELE IN ARMES. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN HE ANSUERIS THAT NAY, AND THE RESOUN IS QUHY FOR IT IS OFT TYMES SENE THAT HE THAT HAS GUDE RYCHT TYNIS THE FELDE, AND THE WRANG QUERELE WYNNIS. AND THAREFORE IT IS NOCHT SPEDEFULL THAT BATAILL BE IN SIK KYNDE, OF THE QUHILK MATER SPEKIS A LAW OF THE DECREIS THAT IN A CITEE OF SPOULET BEFELL SIK A CAS THAT TWA BRETHIR WAS BATHE ACCUSIT OF THIFT, FOR THE QUHILK THE USAGE WAS THAT THAI SULD ENTER IN BARRAS THARFORE FOR FAULT OF OTHIR WITNES PRUF, AND WAS DISCONFYTE AND PUT TO DEDE. AND WITHIN SCHORT TYME EFTER, THE VERRAY THEF THAT DID THE DEDE WAS TANE WITH THE SAMYN GUDE, AND GRANTIT THE THIFT, AND BE THAT CAUS THE LAWE FORBEDIS BATAILL IN BARRAS. THE SECOUND RESOUN IS, FOR QUHEN A MAN TAKIS HIS PRUF OR DEFENS IN SIK MANER, IT IS LIKE AS HE TEMPIT GOD, TO PRESUME THAT GOD WILL SCHAW TO HIM THARE, QUHILK IS CLENE, QUHILK FOULE, QUHILK IS AGAYNE GODDIS LAWIS OF THEOLOGY, AND HALY SCRIPTURE. THE THRID RESOUN IS, FOR QUHY THAT IT WAR BOT VAYNE THING TO JUGIS TO DO JUSTICE, GIF MEN SULD BE PRUFIS THAME SELFF, FOR QUHAT RESOUN IS THARE HERE IN, TILL A MAN TO SAY GIF I MAY NOCHT PROVE THIS LAUFULLY, I SALL PROVE IT WITH MY BODY. THAN SULD MONY LICHT ZONG REKLES MEN, QUHEN THAI WANTIT GUDE, TAK BATAILL APON SAKELES MEN THAT WARE WAYKE MEN OF AGE OR OF NATURE, FEBLE OR SEKELY. AND THUS MYCHT MEKLE FOLY THROU THIS CUSTUME BE DONE. TO SAY FOR NANE WATE THIS BOT HE AND I, THAREFORE I SALL PROVE IT WITH MY BODY THAT IS BOT A WAYKE RESOUNE. AND LO QUHAT QUHY, FOR SUPPOS I, BEFORE A JUGE, ACCUS A MAN IN SIK MANER, AND HAS NA PREF THARETO, THE LAW SAIS, IN THE MOUTH OF TWA OR THREE PERSONIS ALL WORD SULD BE TROWIT. AND GIF A MAN FAILIS HIS PRUF, THE DEFENDOUR IS QUYTE, THE LAW SAIS THUS IN LATYNE, ( IN ORE DUORUM VEL TRIUM STAT OMNE VERBUM. ) AND ALSSUA IT SAIS, ( ACTORE NON PROBANTE REUS ABSOLVITUR. )

QUHARFORE, GIF I FAILE OF MY PRUF BE TWA OR THRE LELE MEN TO WITNES, THE JUGE MAY ASSOILZE MY PARTY, AND FRELY DELYVER THAME FRA MY CLAME FOR EVERMARE IN THAT. AND THARFORE SULD MEN BE WELE AVISIT, OR THAI PUT CRIME TILL A MAN, BOT THAI WAR WELE SEKIR OF GUDE PRUF, FOR ELLIS HE IS BEHALDIN TO MAK HIM A GRETE AMENDIS FOR THE ACCIOUN OF INJURIS. AND GIF MEN WALD SAY THAT IT IS GRETE WRANG THAT MYSDEDIS THAT AR SECRETLY DONE, THAN SULD NOCHT BE PUNYST, FOR GOD RESERVIS TILL HIS JUGEMENT ALL SECRETE MISDEDIS. AND AS TO THAT, SAIS A DOCTOUR IN THE LAWIS, THAT IT IS THE WILL OF GOD THAT SUM SECRETE MISDEDIS REMAYNE TO THE LAST JUGEMENT. FOR AND ALL THINGIS THAT AR DONE IN THIS WARLD WAR JUGIT HERE, THE JUGEMENT OF GOD IN THE TOTHIR WARLD ON DOMYSDAY SULD HAVE NOCHT ADO, THE QUHILK IS NOCHT TO TROW, FOR IT IS ANE OF THE PRINCIPALE POYNTIS OF OURE FAITH,(JUDICARE VIVOS ET MORTUOS.)OR QUHAT RESOUN IS THARE IN THIS, THAT SUPPOS THIS MAN OR THAT HAS TYNT THE BATAILL, THARFORE HE HAD THE WRANG, AND THE WYNNAR THE RYCHT, QUHAT RESOUN? CERTAYNLY NANE. AND THIS IS SAID AGAYNIS THE OPYNIOUN OF THE LOMBARDIS, QUHILKIS SAID AGANIS THE QUENE OF NAPPLIS THAT SCHO HAD GRETE WRANG TO SUSTENE THE PAPE CLEMENT, FOR HAD THE PAPE CLEMENT HAD RYCHT HIS FOLK HAD NOCHT BENE IN BATAILL DISCONFYTE. IN BATAILL, THAT IS TO SAY, THE KING HIR HUSBAND, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT SUM CLERKIS OF LOMBARDIS SAID, SEN THAI PUT THAME IN FELDE TO FICHT IN THAT QUERELE, IT WAS LIKE THAT GOD SCHEWE THAI HAD NA RYCHT TO THE PAPE DOME. AND GOD WATE THAT IS A SYMPLE RESOUN, FOR OFT TYMES THE CRISTYN MEN GEVIS BATAILL TO THE SARRAZENIS, BOT FOR THAT, THE QUERELE OF THE FAITH FAILSEIS NOCHT, SUPPOS THAI TYNE THE BATAILL NA ( XXTQJQ ) NA ( XXXTQJQ ) NA ANE HUNDER, NA A THOUSAND, BOT THE MAA MARTYRIS AR TO GOD IN HEVIN GLORIFYIT, ( ETC )

HERE SPEKIS THE AUTOUR MARE FURTHIRLY TO THIS MATER FORESAID OF BATAILL CLOS. AND FOR TO BETTER DETERMYNE THIS QUESTIOUN OF BATAILL FORESAID, I SAY THUS, THAT TREWLY IT IS AGAYNIS ALL LAWIS OF GOD AND HALY KIRK, TO PROVE A MANNIS CAUS CRIMINALE BE GAGE OF ARMES IN CLOS BATAILL, OF A MANNIS FREE WILL, BATHE FOR THE CAUS FORESAID, AND MONY OTHERIS THAT MAY BE ALLEGIT. BOT, AS BE RYCHT OF CUSTUME OF KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS, OR TEMPORALE LORDIS IT IS DONE, AND THOLIT TO BE DONE AT THE WILL OF PRINCIS, SUPPOS IT BE DISCORDAND TO GUDE FAITH AND TO LAW OF HALY KIRK. OF THE QUHILK MATER THARE WAS A GRETE QUESTIOUN BEFORE PAPE URBANE THE FYFT AND THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AT VILLE NEUFFRE BESYDE AVYIGNYOUN. THE QUHILK KING MANETENYT A BATAILL CLOUS TANE BEFORE HIM BE TWA CLERKIS, THE TANE FRAUNCH AND THE TOTHIR INGLIS. AND GERT THE SAID PAPE FORBEDE, UNDER PAYNE OF CURSING, THAT NANE SULD BE SA HARDY TOBE PRESENT AT THAT BATAILL. AND NOCHT FORTHY THE KING OF FRAUNCE, FOR ALL THAT FORBEDING, WALD LEVE NA FORBERE TO GER FULFILL THE SAID BATAILL, BOT WALD HALD UP THE CUSTUMES OF KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS AND PRINCIS AGAYNIS THE COMMANDEMENT OF THE KIRK, OF QUHILK HE DID EVILL. HERE SPEKIS THE AUTOUR, OF THE TOTHIR QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR IT BE POSSIBLE THING THAT THIS WARLD BE IN PES BUT WERIS AND BATAILL. AND FIRST I SAY NAY, AND THE CAUS IS, FOR BE ALL CLERKIS OF NATURALE PHILOSOPHY, THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE THAT THE HEVIN BE STILL BOT MOVING, AS WE SE THAT DAYLY IT MOVIS FRA THE ORIENT TO THE OCCIDENT, AND FRA THE OCCIDENT TO THE ORIENT AGAYNE, AND SA FURTH. BOT THE THINGIS THAT AR CORPORALE IN THIS ERDE STERIS NOCHT, NA MOVIS NOCHT WITH THE MOVING OF IT, THAT MEN MAY PERSAVE, BOT ZIT HAVE THAI OTHIR NATURALE MOVEMENTIS AS CLERKIS KENNIS. AND NEVERTHELES, ALL THIR ERDLY THINGIS THAT NATURE HERE HAS MAID AR GOVERNYT AND STERIT BE THE HEVIN AND THE CORPS CELESTIALIS. FOR MEN SEIS EVIDENTLY THAT THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEVIN GERRIS ALL THINGIS IN ERDE TAK GROUTH AND ENCRESCEMENT, AND GEVIS THAME THAIR CONDICIOUNIS AND THAIR PROPRIETEIS OF NATURE, AS WELE UNDERSTANDAND MEN MAY SE BE THE MONE: QUHEN IT IS FULL, ALL THINGIS THAT AR IN ERDE, THAT AR GOVERNYT BE WAK OR MOYSTNES, AR MARE FORSSY AND VIGOROUS NA QUHEN IT IS WANE, AS IS THE FILLYNG AND FLOWING OF THE SEE, THE FLESCH OF MAN AND BESTE, AND THAIR BLUDE, THE GROUTH OF TREIS AND HERBIS, AND SPECIALY THE MANNIS HARNIS IS FULL IN THE FULL MONE AND AT THE FULL SEE, AND WANIS AS THE SEE, AND MONY OTHIR MERVAILLOUS THINGIS, QUHA COUD TAK TENT, AS SAIS THE WYS PHILOSOPHOUR ARESTOTIL, ( NECESSE EST HUNC VERO MUNDUM INFERIOREM LACONIBUS SUPERIORIBUS ESSE CONTIGUUM UT INDE TOTA VIRTUS EJUS GUBERNETUR, ) THAT IS TO SAY, THAT IT IS NECESSAIR THING THAT THIS LAW WARLD THAT WE AR IN BE TOUCHAND NEXT TO THE SPERIS OF THE HEVIN, SA THAT THROU THAME, ALL THE VERTUE OF THIS NETHIR WARLD BE GOVERNYT AND THUS IS IT VERAY SUTHE THAN THAT ALL THE VERTEW THAT THE ERDLY THINGIS TAKIS, THAI TAK FRA THE HEVIN, AND FRA THE SAID DISPOSICIOUN OF THE STERNIS AND THE PLANETIS. AND WE SE CLERELY THAT THE NATURIS OF THE STERNIS AND PLANETIS AR CONTRARY, FOR WE SE THAT ANE IS CALDE, ANE OTHIR IS HATE, ANE IS WETE, ANE OTHIR IS DRY, ANE IS ENGENERAND LUFE, ANE OTHIR HATERENT, ANE WERE, AND ANE OTHIR PES, ANE LUXURIUS, ANE OTHIR CHASTE, THE TANE IS SANGWYNE, THE TOTHIR IS MALANCOLIUS. THAN IS IT FORCE AND NECESSITEE THAT THE CORPZ THAT AR MAID AND ENGENDRIT, BE THIR NATURIS BE PARTICIPANT OF THE NATURE OF THAIR GOVERNOURIS AND MAKARIS, AND OF THE PARTIS THAT THAI AR MAID OF. FOR THE HEVYNNIS, BE THAIR INSTRUMENTIS SUBORDINATIS, SENDIS THAIR CONSTELLACIONIS AND INFLUENCIS IN THE MATERIS THAT THIR ERDLY THINGIS AR COMPOUND OF, AND MAKIS THE SAYMN KYNDE OF QUALITEE THAT IS IN THAME INTO THE NEXT BE THAME ENGENDRIT BE VERTU OF THE FOUR FIRST QUALITEIS, THAT IS, HATE AND CALDE, MOYST AND DRY, THE QUHILKIS FOUR QUALITEIS MAKIS ALL THE DEFFERENCE AND

DIVERSITEE OF ALL ERDLY COMPLEXIOUN OF CREATURIS. AND THUS MAY ZE TAK MANIFEST KNAWLAGE OF THE HEVYNLY GOVERNAUNCE ANENT ALL ERDLY CREATURIS, FOR MEN SEIS OFT TYMES THAT SYNDRY CITEIS HAD HAD GRETE LUFE TOGEDER, NOCHT FOR NA GUDE DEDE NA GUDE CAUS THAT EVER ANE OF THAME DID TILL OTHIR, BOT ANERLY OF LUFE NATURALE, AND RYCHT SA SALL MEN FYND TWA OTHIR CITEIS THE QUHILKIS SEN THAIR FIRST FUNDACIOUN HAS EVER HATIT THE TANE THE TOTHIR, BUT ONY CAUS THAT EVER WAS MAID BETUIX THAME. ALSSUA OF TWA PERSONIS, AS MEN MAY DAILY SE, THAT NEVER ANE SAW ANE OTHIR BEFORE, NA NEVER DID A GUDE DEDE ANE TILL ANE OTHIR, AND ZIT WILL THAI LUFE AS BRETHIR TOGEDER. AND RYCHT SA, OTHIR TWA THAT HAD NEVER SENE THE TANE THE TOTHIR NA DONE DISPLESAUNCE ANE TILL ANE OTHIR, ZIT SALL NEVER FAVOUR BE BETUENE THAIR HERTIS AT THE FIRST SICHT. AND SUM LUFIS, AND SAWE NEVER BOT HERD SPEKE OF ANE OTHIR. AND IN THE SAMYN WIS CUMMYS HATERENT. ALLSUA LAT A MAN SE TWA KNYCHTIS CUM IN BATAILL PLACE ENARMYT, TO FECHT IN LISS AND NA MAN KENNIS THAME, ZIT SALL A MANNIS HERT BE MARE ENCLYNIT TO MARE HONOUR TO THE TANE NA TO THE TOTHIR. AND THAIRQUHYNE CUMIS THIS? I PRAY THE REDARE TELL ME, BOT ANERLY FOR THE CAUS BEFORE NAMYT, FOR TRAIST WELE, NATURE DRAWIS LUFE BE THE LYKE CAUS AND COMPLEXIOUN, FOR LIKE LUFIS LYKE, AND LYKE DRAWIS TO LIKE, AND LYKE JOYIS WITH THE LYKE, ( QUIA SIMILIS SIMILEM SIBI QUERIT, ET OMNE SIMILE APPLAU IT DE SUO SIMILI. ) ALSSUA I PRAY THE, TELL ME QUHYNE COME THE BATAILL BETUIX JACOB AND ESAU IN THAIR MODERIS WAME? THAT IS GRETE MERVAILLE HOW THE BARNIS THAT ZIT WAS UNBORNE SULD MAK A BATAILL, FOR TREWLY I WALDE WELE UNDERSTAND THE RESOUN QUHY, FOR AS SAIS THE PHILOSOPHOUR, THE CAUS CUMMYS OF THE HEVINLY INFLUENCE AND CONSTELLACIONIS, AS SAID IS BEFORE. BOT AS TO GODDIS JUGEMENT, NA MAN CAN ANSUERE THAT IS IN THIS MORTALL WARLDE, BOT GIF IT BE BE YMAGINACIOUN OR FIGURIS. BOT AS TO THE PHILOSOPHOUR, HIS OPYNIOUN IS MAIST LYKE BE RESOUN TOBE SUTHE, THAT SIK THING CUMMYS OF THE PLANETIS, AND OF DISPOSICIOUN OF THE HEVYNNIS, AND OF THAIR CONSTELLACIOUNS AND INFLUENCIS AS SAID IS. FOR WE FYND NATURALY, THAT ALL THING THAT TAKIS NATURE IN THE WARLD HAS, BE HIS NATURE, TO RESIST TO HIS CONTRAIRE, HIS CONDICIOUN NATURALE, AS WE SE THAT THE FYRE HAS A CONDICIOUN NATURALE , THAT IT RESISTIS TO THE FYRE THAT IS HIS CONTRAIRE. AND ALSSUA WE SE THAT THE WYLDE BESTIS TAKIS NATURALE FEDE AND HATERENT ILKANE TO OTHIR, AS SUPPOS A HUND SAW NEVER A WOLF BEFORE, INCONTYNENT THAT HE SE HIM, HE IS INYMY MORTALL TILL HIM. AND RYCHT SA IN MONY OTHIR KYNDE, OF BATHE BESTE, FOULE AND FISCH, THAT INCONTYNENT THAT THE TANE SE THE TOTHIR, HE SETTIS TO SLA HIM FURTHWITH THE QUHILK CONDICIOUN CUMMYS TO THAME OF NATURALL INCLINACIOUN GEVIN TO THAME, AS BEFORE SAID IS OF CONTRARIUS NATURIS REPUGNANT IN THAME NATURALY. AND THARFORE NOW SPERE I AT THE REDARE, SEN NATURALY THIR UNRESONABLE BESTIS HAS SIK CONTRARIETEE AMANG THAME, GIF THAT THE MAN THAT HAS WIT AND RESOUN, KNAULAGE AND DISCRECIOUN, AND IS THE MAIST NOBLE CREATURE THAT EVER GOD MAID IN ERDE, GIF MAN SULD HAVE THIS REBELLIOUN AND CONTRARIETEE, ANE AGAYNIS ANE OTHIR, QUHEN THAI AR OF DIVERS COMPLEXIOUNS? FOR GIF THARE WAR TWA LORDIS IN A GRETE CITEE, AND THE TANE LUFIT JUSTICE AND THE TOTHIR PILLERYE AND REF, USURE AND SYMONY, AND THAI WAR OF DIVERS COMPLEXIOUNS, THE TANE LUFIS THE MARCHANDIS AND LABOURARIS, AND THE TOTHIR RYBAULDIS AND HASARDOURIS, THE TANE DELYTIS HIM IN ALL PES, THE TOTHIR ALL IN WERE, THE TANE LUFIS THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND THE TOTHIR THE KING OF INGLAND. AND GIF THAI BE IN A HOUSE TOGEDER, THE TANE DELYTIS TO RYS TYMELY, THE TOTHIR TO SLEPE LANG, THE TANE TO ETE AIRLY, THE TOTHIR TO FAST LANG, THE TANE IS A GRETE TRATLAR, THE TOTHIR A STILL HERKENARE, THE TANE LUFIS QUHITE WYNE, THE TOTHIR REDE, THE TANE LUFIS SODDYN, THE TOTHIR ROST. BE THE QUHILK CONTRARIETEIS OF NATURE IT IS MERVAILL THAT AMANG MANKYNDE HERE SULD BE CONCORDE, FOR THARE IS A DECRETALE IN THE LAWIS CANOUN, THE QUHILK SAIS, THAT ALS MONY MEN, ALS MONY DIVERS WILLIS IS IN THIS WARLD, AND THARFORE IS IT SAID THAT IN ROME MYCHT NEVER BE WELE TWA KINGIS FOR GRETE MERVAILL WAR THAT ONY FREMMYT MEN MYCHT THOLE TWA KINGIS, ILKANE APON OTHIR, QUHEN THE TWA PROPRE BRETHIR THAT LAY BATHE IN A WAMBE, BATHE REMY AND ROMELUS, MYCHT NOCHT ACCORD TOGEDER, BOT THE TANE SLEW THE TOTHIR. BOT THIS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, I SAY NOCHT NA GOD, QUHEN HE WILL, MAY MAK PES AND CONCORDE AMANG ALL MEN IN ERDE, AND GER ILKANE LUFE OTHIR, ( QUIA IPSE INHABITARE FACIT UNANIMES IN DOMO ) FOR QUHEN HE WILL, HE MAY MAK ALL MEN WIS AND PAYSIBLE. AND THE CLERK SAIS, ( QUOD SAPIENS DOMINABITUR ASTRIS ) THE WYS MAN IS LORD OF THE STERNIS. FOR IT IS UNDERSTANDIN THAT THROU THE NATURALE INCLINACIOUN AND CARNALE CONDICIOUN MAN TAKIS CONTRARIUS QUERELIS BE THAIR COMPLEXIOUN. BOT BE THE VERTU OF HEVINLY INFLUENCE OF WISDOME, HE TAKIS TEMPERAUNCE AND GUDE INCLYNACIOUN. BE THE FIRST HE MAKIS WERIS AND DISCORDIS, AND BE THE SECOUND HE MAKIS PES AND CONCORDE, AND GOVERNIS IN JUSTICE AND RESOUN. AND BE THAT HE MAY BE LORDE OF THE PLANETIS AND OF CONTRARIUS CONDICIOUN. BOT THARE (MARG) ( NOTA ) OF FULIS(END OF MARG) IS A DECREE THAT SAIS THARE IS BOT FEW WIS MEN IN THIS WARLD, BOT THARE IS MONY FULIS. AND ALS SALAMON SAIS, (MARG)OF ALD PERSESSION TO BE KEPYT BE THAIR POSTERYTE(END OF MARG) (STULTORUM INFINITUS EST NUMERUS). AND THARFORE AS WE HAVE SPOKYN OF BEFORE IN THE TOTHIR PARTY OF THIS BUKE, MONY OF THE WERIS THAT WAS IN THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE CREACIOUN OF THE FOURE GRETE REALMES WAS MOVIT OF CURAGE OF NATURE, AND OF COMPLEXIOUN OF THE CONSTELLACIOUNS OF THE HEVINLY INFLUENCIS, BE MEN THAT WAR SYMPLE AND NOCHT WITTY OF PERPETUALE THINGIS, NA HAD NA KNAULAGE OF THE HEVIN, BOT DID EFTER THE PROVOCACIOUN OF NATURE, AND BE THE FLESCHLY APPETITE QUHILK WAS BOT BESTLY. THAI MOVIT BATAILL AND WERIS, PRESSAND QUHA MYCHT BE LORD, NOCHT REKKAND, NA COMPTAND ON QUHAT TITLE OF RYCHT, BOT ON FORCE, AND SA MONY SENSYNE HAS MAYNTENYT SIK RYCHT

OF CONQUEST AY FURTH. AND FORTHY I WILL NOCHT SAY BOT QUHILUM THARE IS RYCHTWIS WERIS AMANG WIS MEN, TO MANETENE THE QUERELIS OF THAIR FORE ELDERIS AND ANCESTRIS. AND THAT MAY BE BE GUDE RESOUN, FOR QUHY THAI WERIS THAT WAS MAID, AND THAI BATAILLIS IN THE FIRST TYME HAS HALDIN KINGIS AND PRINCIS, AND LORDIS IN THAIR LORDSCHIPPIS AND REALMES, QUHILL NOW THAI THAT WATE NOCHT QUHETHIR THAIR FIRST QUERELE WAS RYCHTWIS OR NOCHT, FOR THAI MAY HAVE NA KNAULAGE NOW THAROF. AND THARFORE SUPPOS THAT THAI FIRST LORDIS CONQUEST, AND HELD THE LANDIS APON LYTILL EVIN AND SMALL TITLE OF RYCHT IN THAI TYMES. THAY THAT CUMMYS NOW EFTER THAME HAS GUDE CAUS AND RESOUN TO DEFEND, AND KEPE THAIR POSSESSIOUN THAT IS OF SA LANG TYME BYGANE PRESCRIVIT AND PASSIT PRESCRIPCIOUN. AND THARFORE SIK MEN MAY LEVEFULLY AND LAWFULLY MAK WERE, GIF THAY BE INVADIT, AND THAIR ANCIEN POSSESSIOUNS WRANGWISLY OCCUPYIT, FOR SIK LORDIS AND PEPLE WATE NOCHT ELLIS, BOT OF GUDE RYCHT. AND ALSSUA THAT THAI AND THAIRE FOREBEARIS HAS OF SA LANG TYME BEFORE, GOVERNYT, DEFENDIT AND LABOURIT THAI LANDIS, AND PUT TO PROUFFIT IN LUFE, LAW AND LEAUTEE, THAT MEKLE RESOUN WAR THAT ( QUOD OCCUPANTI CONCEDATUR. ) HERE HE DECLARIS HOW FORCE IS ANE OF THE PRINCIPALE FOUNDEMENTIS OF BATAILL, QUHAREAPON MEN SULD WIT THAT SYNDRY FOLK THARE IS, THAT HAS THE BODY RYCHT LYTILL, AND ZIT THAI HAVE THE HERT AND THE CURAGE GRETE, AND THAT IS A GRACE OF GOD. AND OTHIR IS THAT HAS MEKLE BODY, AND SMALL SPIRIT AND WAYKE. AND OTHIR AR THAT HAS BATHE THE TANE AND THE TOTHIR. AND ZIT MAY SIK MEN HAVE LET NATURALE THAT THAI AR NOCHT WORTHY IN BATAILL PLACE, AS WAS SAMPSOUN THE FORTIN, THE QUHILK WAS BATHE HARDY AND STARK OF BODY, BOT BE CAUS THAI PUT OUT HIS EYNE, AND THARFORE, AS TO MY PURPOS I CUM, THAT CERTAYNLY NOCHT FORCE NA STRENTH CORPORALE MAKIS A MAN TO WYN THE BATAILL. BOT FORCE SPIRITUALE,

THAT IS TO SAY, HARDY CURAGE, MAKIS VICTORY, FOR THE HALY WRITT SAIS, THAT HE THAT IS NOCHT IN THE GRACE OF GOD SALL NOCHT BE HARDY IN BATAILL NA HAPPY, FOR GUDE CURAGE MAKIS GUDE ORDINAUNCE IN BATAILL, AND TAKIS GUDE COUNSELE, AND CHESIS MEN THAT CAN WELE FECHT, AND ORDANIS GUDE HABILLIAMENTIS FOR WERIS, AND TAKIS PLACIS AVANTAGEOUS, AND DOIS ALL WITH AVYS OF WYS MEN OF WERE, AND STANDIS STOUTLY ON THAIR PURPOS IN THAIR RYCHTWIS QUERELE. AND THAT MAY BE CALLIT FORCE, THE QUHILKIS PASSIS FORCE BODILY, FOR THARE IS MONY ANE SIK, THAT A MAN SIK MAY BE, WILL DO MARE WITH GUDE COUNSALE AND GUDE DEVIS, GUDE ORDYNANCE AND GUDE UNDERTAKING IN A FELDE, THAN ANE HUNDRETH SIK OTHIR MAY, CUM THARE TO FECHTING. AND THUS FORCE OF THE SPIRIT IS THE PRINCIPALE FOUNDEMENT OF BATAILL, BOT QUHARE BATHE IS FUNDYN TOGEDER BETTER WAR. AND THARFORE FORCE BUT HARDY SPIRIT IS LITILL WORTHE. AND GIF MEN WALD SAY, THAT ALS LYTILL IS FORCE OF SPIRIT, BUT FORCE OF BODY WORTH IN BATAILL I ANSUERE THAT, ZIS. IT IS GUDE FOR THE UNDERTAKING AND THE CONDUYTE IS MEKLE AND ALS A GUDE SPIRIT, WITH SOBIRNES AND PACIENCE MAY OURCUM AND VENCUS A GRETE QUERELE BUT ONY STRAKE OF HAND. AS GOD, THAT THROU THE DEDE THAT HE THOLIT, HE VENCUST THE FENDE, AND WAN ALL SAULIS FRA HELL THAT WAR HIS CHOSE FRENDIS AND SERVANDIS. AND HE COMMENDIS MARE FORCE OF SPIRIT IN GUDELYNES, NA FORCE CORPORALE, AND OFT TYMES GEVIS VICTORYE TILL HIS FRENDIS THOUCH THAI BE FEBLE OF CORPS, NA TILL HIS EVILL WILLARIS SUPPOS THAI BE STARKARE, THAT LUFIS NOCHT THE HONOUR OF GOD, AS WAS BE EXAMPLE OF DAVID AND GOLYAS, THE QUHILK HE VENCUST VILAYUSLY, AND SLEWE HIM CRUELLY, WITH MONY OTHIR EXAMPLIS THAT LANG WAR TO COMPT AND FER FRA THE PURPOS. BOT ZIT, IS GUDE TO KNAWE QUHAT IS VERTU CARDYNALE. AND AS TO THAT IT IS TO WIT THAT VERTU MORALE IS NOCHT ELLIS BOT VERTU CARDINALE, BOT VERTUOUSLY TO LYVE IN THIS LYFING HERE, AND SETT HIS HERT APON VERTU HALELY, AND ALL HIS STUDY

TO SET THARAPON TO PLES HIS GOD OR ELLIS HE IS NOCHT VERTUOUS, NA SULD NOCHT BE REPUTE FOR VERTUOUS, BOT HE CONTYNEW IN VERTUES QUHILL HE IS HERE LYFAND. THE QUHILKIS FOUR VERTUES AR CALLIT JUSTICE, TEMPERANCE, FORCE AND PRUDENCE, WITH THE BRANCHIS OF THAME BOT QUHAT AVAILLIS ALL THIR UTHIR THRE VERTUES, BOT GIF FORCE BE WITH THAME BOT FULL SMALL? FOR THROU FORCE A MAN IS STARK TO BERE ALL TRIBULACIOUNS AND MAK ENTERPRIS. AND THARFORE, AND MAN PERSEVERE IN SIK VERTU TILL HIS END, HE IS LUFIT WITH GOD, AND SALL HAVE EVERLESTAND JOY. AND BE THIS CAUS, THE CARDINALIS IN THE COURT OF ROME TUKE THE NAME OF CARDINALIS, BE THIR VERTUES CARDINALIS FOR THROU THAI VERTUES CARDINALIS ALL THIS WARLD IS REULIT AND GOVERNYT. AND RYCHT SA, BE THE CARDINALIS OF THE HALY COURT OF ROME, ALL GUDE CRISTIN FOLK SULD BE TECHIT, INSTRUCT AND ILLUMYNYT IN VERTUES. HERE INQUERIS THE AUTOUR HOW MAY BE KEND THAT THE VERTU OF FORCE BE IN A MAN. HE SAID THAT MEN SALL KNAWE THAT THE VERTU OF FORTITUDE IS IN A MAN, BE HIS ENTERPRIS AND HIS UNDERTAKINGIS. AND FIRST THAT HE HAS ALL HIS PLESAUNCE IN ARMYS AND IN WERIS JUSTIS, TURNAYIS AND TO DEFEND RYCHTWIS CAUSIS AND QUERELIS, AND HALY KIRK, AND ALL RESONABLE ACCIOUNS. AND ALSSUA THAT GIF IT HAPNYS THAT HE SE THAT HE HAS UNDERTANE DEDE OF ARMES, AND HE CONSIDERIS THE CAUS, AND THE QUERELE THAT MAY CUM IN TYME TOCUM, FOR THE OCCASIOUN OF THAI WERIS, AND THE MEKLE EVILL AND SOROWE THAT HE SEIS CUM OF SIK WERIS, AND QUHAT SCATHE AND DAMAGE THAT MAY CUM TILL HIM THAROF, AND TO MANETENE SIK A QUERELE AS DEDE OR DISHERISOUN. BOT NOCHT FORTHY THAI WILL NOCHT LEVE THAIR PURPOS, BOT PUTTIS BATHE LYF, GUDIS AND OTHIR THINGIS IN AVENTURE OF TYNSALE, NA DOUTIS NOUTHIR TYNSALE OF GUDIS NA OF LYF, NA LANDIS NA HERITAGE TO FULFILL HIS HONOUR, THINKAND THAT HIS QUERELE WAS JUST AND RESONABLE.

HERE HE SPERIS QUHETHIR IT BE MARE VERTU TO ASSAILLE HIS INYMY IN BATAILL OR TO DEFEND AND BYDE HIM IN FELDE. OF THE QUHILK WERE, IT IS BE SUM MEN PRESUMYT THAT IT IS MARE VERTU TILL ASSAILZE, AS WE HAVE BE EXAMPLE IN THE ALDE LAWE, QUHARE THE PEPLE GAFE COUNSALE EVER TO ASSAILZE THAIR INYMYES, AND NOCHT TO BYDE QUHILL THAI ASSAILIT THAME, THAT WAS GODDIS INYMYES, EFTER AS SAIS A DECRETE, FOR THAME THOUCHT THAN, THAT BETTER WAR, AS SAID IS TILL PURSU AND ASSAILLE NA TO BYDE QUHILL THE INYMYS OF GOD ASSAILIT THAME, FOR MEN SAIS IN THE BUKE OF MORALITEE THAT IT IS MARE VERTUOUS THING TO GEVE NA TO TAK, AND FERR MARE NOBLE CONDICIOUN. AND THARFORE IS IT BETTER TO ASSAILE NA TO DEFEND. AND ALSSUA IT IS BETTER TO DO SUM GUDE NA TO DO NA GUDE. AND SEN HE THAT ASSAILZEIS HIS INYMYES DOIS SUM THING, AND HE THAT BYDIS DOIS NATHING, ZIT THAN IT IS BETTER TO DO OUCHT NA NOCHT. AND ZIT ANE OTHIR RESOUN, MEN SULD UNDERSTAND THAT IT IS BETTER TO DO THAT THAT HAS MARE DEFICULTEE AND MAISTRY TOBE DONE IN GUDELYNES, BOT IT IS MARE CLERE, AND MARE VERTUOUS THING TO ASSAILE NA TO ABYDE, AND MARE GRETE DEFICULTEE, AND MARE IS TOUCHAND TO THE VERTU OF HARDYNES, AND SA IS IT MARE VERTUOUS. AND ATOUR THIS, THE THING THAT IS OF MARE PRIS, AND OF MARE HONOURE AND LES IS MARE VERTUOUS. BOT ILKE MAN WATE THAT A KNYCHT IS MARE LOVIT AND PRISIT TO ASSAILZE WELE, NA TO BYDE WELE. AND SA BE RESOUN IT SULD BE REPUTE MARE VERTU ( ETC ) BOT NATHELES AGAYNIS THIS OPYNIOUN IS OURE AUTOUR ARESTOTIL, THE PRINCE OF PHILOSOPHY SAYAND THAT HE THAT BYDIS HIS INYMY IN FELDE BERIS THE MARE HONOUR OF HARDYNES, NA HE THAT ASSAILIS. AND AS OF THIS QUESTIOUN, TO SE AND INQUERE THE GROUND OF LAUTEE, I SALL SAY ZOW MYN ADVYS EFTER THE OPYNIOUN OF THE FORESAIDE WYS DOCTOUR ARESTOTIL, THE QUHILK SAIS THAT IT IS MARE VERTUOUS THING, AND MARE COMMENDABLE TILL ALL NOBLE MAN OF ARMYS TO BYDE WELE IN FELDE, NA TILL ASSAILZE, AND MARE HONOURABLE VERTU AND LOVABLE EFTER THE VERTU OF FORS, THAT IS CALLIT IN LATYN

( FORTITUDO ) FOR SUPPOSE A KNYCHT WALD BE SA HARDY AND SA PRESUMPTUOUS THAT HE WALD ASSAILZE ANE HUNDRETH KNYCHTIS HIM ALLANE, THAT WALD NOCHT BE REPUTE TILL HIM TO THE VERTEW OF NOBLESS, BOT ERAR TO FULICHE HARDYNESS AND PRESUMPTUOUSNES. AND THARFORE AS BELANGAND THIS POYNT THARE IS HERE THRE THINGIS TILL UNDERSTAND, THE TANE IS TILL ASSAILZE THE TOTHIR TO FLEE IN TYME, THE THRID TILL ABYDE. AND THARFORE SUM MEN HALDIS THAT QUHILUM SYK CAS MAY FALL THAT IT IS VERTU TILL ESCHAPE THINKAND TO BETTER CUM TO PURPOS EFTERWARDE, AND THAT WE LEVE AS THIS TYME. BOT AS TO THE TOTHIR TWA OPYNIOUNS, I SAY AS FOR ME EFTER THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE DOCTOUR ARESTOTIL, THAT TO BYDE IN FELDE FERMLY OF SETT PURPOS IS MARE LOVABLE AND MARE VERTUOUS THING, AND MARE TO COMMEND NA TO ASSAILZE AND IS MARE GRETE DEFICULTEE FOR IT CUMMYS OF A CALDE SETT MYNDE CONFERMYT IN HARDYNESS WITH DELIBERACIOUN SEAND THE PERILIS OF DEDE BEFORE HIS EYNE, AND ZIT SETTIS HONOUR AND GUDE QUERELE BEFORE DEDE, AND HE THAT ASSAILIS IS FULL OF IRE INFLAMMYT, AND HAS NA KNAULAGE OF THE PERILIS, BOT DOIS IN A BRETH OF WODENES AND IRE THAT HE IS FEST IN, AND NOCHT BE DELIBERACIOUN OF PURPOSIT VERTU. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR BE HOW MONY THINGIS SALL A (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) MAN PERSAVE GIF A KNYCHT BE WELE HARDY OR NOCHT, IN ARMES, TO THE QUHILK HE ANSUERIS BE MONY CAUS. AND IN THE FIRST A KNYCHT IS HARDY TO WYN THE VAYNE GLORE OF THIS WARLD AND THE HONOURE. FOR QUHY HE SEIS THAT ALL MEN DOIS HONOURE AND WORSCHIP TILL A HARDY MAN, AND DISHONOUR TILL A COWARD. AND ANE OTHIR KNYCHT SALBE HARDY FOR HE IS LATHE TO TYNE THE PROUFFIT AND THE HONOUR OF HIS LORDE AND MAISTER, OR ZIT TOBE TANE PRISONARE AND HE WAR COWART AND BADE BEHYND HIM. ANE OTHIR CAUS CUMMYS OF USAGE THAT A KNYCHT IS USIT IN HARNES OF LANG TYME, THE QUHILK USAGE MAKIS HIM HARDY AND EXPERT, BE OFT HANTING OF THE WERE THAT HE IS WONT TILL. AND ALSSUA

FOR DREDE HE HAS THAT FOLK SPEKE A LAK OF HIM IN HIS LATTARE DAYES, THAT NEVER HAD NANE BEFORE TYME. ANE OTHIR WAY THARE IS KNYCHTIS HARDY, TRAISTAND IN THAIR GUDE HARNES, SA THAT THE TRAIST THAT HE HAS IN HIS GUDE ARMOURIS MAKIS HIM HARDY, THINKAND THAT NANE MAY DERE HIM, QUHAT PERILE THAT EVER HE BE IN, FOR THAI AR OF PROVE. ANE OTHIR IS HARDY FOR HIS GUDE HORS, IN QUHAM HE TRAISTIS SA MEKLE. ANE OTHIR IS HARDY FOR HE HAS A GUDE HARDY CHIFTANE, AND WELE FORTUNYT. AND ANE OTHIR IS RYCHT HARDY FOR VERRAY BRETH OF CURAGE, BYRNAND FULL OF IRE OF CRABBITNES OF HIS NATURE. AND ZIT IS THARE ANE OTHIR IS HARDY FOR THE TRAIST THAT HE HAS IN GOD, AND THAT HE HAS A CLENE LYF AND GUDE, AND DREDIS NATHING BOT GOD. AND ZIT OTHIR IS THARE THAT IS HARDY FOR IGNORAUNCE, THAT MISKNAWIS THE PERILIS AND THE MISAVENTURIS THAT OFT TYME CUMMYS IN WERIS, FOR THAI AR NOCHT EXPERT THAROF, AND HAS NOCHT SENE BEFORE, AND THARFORE DOUTIS IT NOCHT. FOR HE WATE NOCHT QUHAT IS THE VERTU OF FORCE, NA OF HARDYNES, BOT DOIS AS HE SEIS OTHIR DO. OTHERIS IS THARE THAT AR HARDY FOR COVATIS OF WARLDIS GUDE TO WYN RICHESS, AND FOR NANE OTHIR CAUS. ANE OTHIR IS HARDY FOR HIS GUDE CAUS AND QUERELE THAT HE HAS OF HIS GUDE RYCHT. AND SE THAT OF ALL THIR, THARE IS NANE SA GUDE AS HE THAT IS HARDY FOR DEFENS OF GUDE RYCHT, AND FOR VERTU, AND FOR GUDE KNAULAGE, THE QUHILK HAS HIS HERT SET FERMLY IN THE VERTU OF HARDYNES FOR LAUTEE, AND JUSTICE TOBE DEFENDIT AND HAS HIS HERT FERME SETT TO SUSTENE ALL ADVERSITEE THAT MAY CUM THROU HIS VERRAY CURAGE OF HARDYNES, TRAISTAND IN GOD, AND IN HIS GUDE RYCHT TO BRING HIM THROUCH HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR, GIF A MAN SULD CHES ERAR TO DEE IN THE PLACE NA TO FLEE FRA THE BATAILL ( ETC ) AND FIRST (MARG) QUHAT PERTENIS TO ANE KNYCHT DO IN BATELL (END OF MARG) I WILL PREVE ZOW THAT HE SULD ERAR CHES TO FLEE FRA THE BATAILLE TO SAUF HIM SELF ERAR NA TO DEE. AND MY RESOUN IS QUHY, FOR BE RESOUN NATURALL OF PHILOSOPHOURIS THE THING SULD BE EREST CHOSIN, THE QUHILK IS MARE DELYTABLE

BOT TO LYVE IS MAIR DELYTABLE NA TO DEE, QUHARFORE, SEN IT IS MARE DELYTABLE AND PLESAND, IT SULD ERAR BE CHOSYN. THE SECUND RESOUN IS THAT THE DEDE IS THE MAIST TERRIBLE THING THAT IS, AND MAIST BITTER, AND MAIST TOBE DOUTIT. BOT IT WAR AGAYN ALL GUDE FAITH, AND GUDE NATURALE RESOUN TO CHES THE THING THAT MAIST IS DOUTIT AND DRED, MAIST TERRIBLE AND MAIST FELLOUNE. AND BE THAT CAUS, A MAN SULD NOCHT DESYRE TO CHES IT THAN, FOR CHOS OF DESYRE CUMMYS OF PLESAUNCE AND OF DELECTACIOUN. BOT OURE AUTOUR ARESTOTLE, THE NOBLE PHILOSOPHOUR, HALDIS THE CONTRAIR OF THIS SAYAND THAT FOR NA WARLDLY THING A MAN SULD NOCHT DESYRE THING THAT WAR DISHONOURABLE, NA THAT HE MYCHT HAVE REPRUF, NA LAK IN HIS GUDE FAME. AND IT IS WELE CLERE TILL UNDERSTAND THAT TO FLEE OF THE BATAILL IS BATHE DISHONESTE AND SCHAMEFULL THING. AND ALSSUA OURE DECREIS SAIS IT WAR BETTER TILL A MAN TO CHES TO THOLE ALL THE EVILL OF THE WARLD, NA TO CONSENT TILL EVILL. BOT TO LEVE THE BATAILL IN A JUST QUERELE MAY BE THE TYNSALE OF ALL THE FELDE, THE CAUS AND THE QUERELE, AND BE THROU A KNYCHT TYNT THE QUHILK WAR TO CONSENT TO MEKLE EVILL, AND AGAYNE GOD AND JUSTICE. ALSSUA A MAN SULD BETUIX TWA GUDIS CHES THE BEST, AND BETUIX TWA EVILLIS THE LESTE EVILL. BOT TO TAK THE DEDE WITH HONOURE, HE WYNNIS EVERLESTAND JOY IN PARADIS, AND TO FLEE HE TYNIS HIS HONOUR AND LUFE OF ALL MEN, THE QUHILK IS EVILL, AND MONY EVILLIS MAY CUM THAROF. QUHARFOR BETTER WAR TAK DEDE WITH HONOUR, NA DEE WITH SCHAME. AS TO THE ANSUERING OF THIS QUESTIOUN, I ANSUERE THAT AND A CRISTYN MAN WAR IN A BATAILL WITH OTHIR CRISTYN MEN AGAYN THE UNCRISTYN AND SEAND THAT THROU HIM THE BATAILL MYCHT BE TYNT AND HE FLED, HE SULD ERAR CHES TO DEE NA TO FLEE, BOT SE HE THAT ALL BE TYNT QUHETHIR HE BYDE OR FLEE, THAN MAY HE SAUF HIM SELF AND SULD BE EXCUSIT, FOR HE MYCHT EFTERWART RECOVER COMPANY, AND DO GRETTAR GUDE AGAYNIS THE INYMYES NA THE TYNSALE OF HIM MYCHT DO THAN. BOT AND HE SE THAT, SUPPOS HE SCHAPE HIM TO FLEE, THAT HE MAY NOCHT GETT AWAY NA

ESCHAPE, CERTAYN HE SULD SETT HIM THARFORE. BOT FER BETTER AND MARE LOVABLE IS TOBE DEDE FECHTAND NA FLEAND AND ANE OTHIR WAY GIF A KNYCHT BE AMANG CRISTIN MEN IN BATAILL WITH HIS MAISTER, OR FOR HIS AWIN LANDIS AND LORDSCHIPPIS I SAY CERTAYNLY THAT HE SULD ERAR CHES TO TAK THE AVENTURE OF DEDE AND BYDE THE END NA TO FLEE FOR OUTHIR MON HE BE MANESUORNE OR TYNE HIS AWIN HERETAGE THROU HIS COWARDIS. AND IN THE SAMYN CAS, SAY I OF A KNYCHT THAT IS WAGEOUR TILL A KING OR A LORDE ( PUIS QUIL LUI A DONNE SA FOY ET SON SEREMENT ) SEN IT IS SA THAT HE HAS MAID HIM ATHE, AND GEVIN HIM HIS FAITH, THAN SULD HE STAND WITH HIM TO THE UTTEREST, AND TAK LYF AND DEDE AND PRESOUNE AND OTHIR FORTUNE, AS IT MAY CUM TILL HAND TO SAUF HIS HONOUR AND HIS LAWTEE, AND FOR DEFENS OF JUSTICE AND RYCHTWIS QUERELE. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR HOW SULD A KNYCHT BE PUNYST THAT PASSIS FRA THE OST BUT LEVE OF THE KING OR THE CONSTABLE TO FECHT WITH HIS INYMYES QUHETHIR HE WYN OR HE WYN NOCHT. TO THIS QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE THAT GIF ANE HARDY KNYCHT THROU HYE CURAGE, SEIS HIS INYMYES AND HIS AVANTAGE, AND FECHTIS WITH THAME AND DISCONFITIS THAME, I SAY HE AW BE THE LAW OF ARMES TO TYNE HIS HEDE THARFORE, AND THE RESOUN IS QUHY FOR BE THE LAWIS, QUHA EVER DOIS AGAYNE THE COMMANDEMENT OF THE DUK OF THE BATAILL DESERVIS DEDE, SUPPOS HE HAVE DONE THE PROUFFIT OFF THE CHIFTAYNE,FOR QUHY A KNYCHT HAS HIS ATHE OF OBEYSAUNCE TILL HIS SOUERANE LORD, THE QUHILK HE HAS FALSIT IN THAT CAS. ALSSUA ANE OTHIR ZIT RESOUN IS FOR THARE SULD NANE EVILL DEDE BE EXCUSIT BE THE PROUFFIT THAT HAPNIS TOCUM THAROF BE AVENTURE. QUHARFORE SUPPOS THAT FORTUNE WAS FRENDE THAT HIM BE FAIR FALLIN, ZIT HAS HE CRABBIT HIS KING AND HIS COUNSALE, AND BROKIN HIS HIE HECHT THOUCH HIM BE WELE HAPNYT. FOR THE PARTING OF HIM AND HIS COMPANY OUT OF THE OST, PUT ALL THE LAVE IN POYNT OF PERDICIOUN, THROU HIS SURQUIDRY. AND THARFORE TO GEVE

OTHERIS ENSAMPLE IN TYME TOCUM, HE SULD BE PUNYST. BOT ZIT, AS TO THE EXCUSACIOUN OF THIS WORTHY KNYCHT, WE MON SAY SUM THING, AS THUS - A GRETE THING WELE CUMMYN TO PURPOS, SUPPOS IT WAS AGAYNE THE COMMANDEMENT OF THE PRINCE, ZIT FOR THE GRETE UTILITEE OF THE DEDE AS FOR ANYS IT MAY BE EXCUSIT. ANE OTHIR RESOUN IS, FOR MEN SULD BEHALD IN ALL THINGIS THE WILL OF THE PERSONE THAT DOIS THE DEDE, FOR THE LAW SAIS ( VOLUNTAS ET PROPOSITUM DISTINGUNT MALEFICIUM ) THAT IS TO SAY, THE WILL AND THE PURPOS MAKIS DISTINCCIOUN AND DIFFERENCE BETUIX GUDE AND EVILL. THAN SEN IT IS SA, THAT IN GUDE ENTENT, GUDE WILL AND GUDE PURPOS, HE UNDERTUKE THE SAID JUPERDYE, HE SULD BE EXCUSIT AND NOCHT TYNE IS HEDE. ITEM OURE AUTOURIS PHILOSOPHOURIS SAIS THAT IN ALL THINGIS MEN LUKIS TO THE END. AND QUHEN THE END IS GUDE OF A THING, ALL IS CALLIT GUDE. BOT SA IT IS, THAT THE END OF THE SAID KNYCHTIS DEDE WAS GUDE ( ERGO ETC ) AND THARFORE NOW, CONSIDERAND ALL THIR STARK ARGUMENTIS ON BATHE THE SYDIS TO SAY LELELY, BUT FENZEING OR FAVOUR, BE THE LAWIS OF PRINCIS AND OF ARMES, BE THE RYGOUR HE HAS TYNT HIS HEDE. BOT THE PRINCE CONSIDERAND THE RESOUNS BEFORE SAID, AT THE REQUEST OF OTHERIS KNYCHTIS AND LORDIS, MAY DO HIM SUM FAVOUR THAT HE BE NOCHT ALL PUNYST BE THE RIGOUR. ALSSUA IT SULD BE CONSIDERIT QUHAT RENOUN HE IS OF, AND QUHAT ENTENT HE DID IT APON, QUHETHIR FOR CURAGE, OR FOR PRIDE TO WYN A LOS, OR FOR COVATIS, OR TILL ESCHEWE PERILE APPERAND, OR SIK THING. AND EFTER THAT, DO HIM GRACE OR PUNYCIOUN EFTER HIS MERITIS, FOR MERCI QUHILUM IS MARE JUST NA IS RIGOURE ( ETC EXPLICIT TERCIA PARS HUIUS LIBRI BELLORUM ) HERE ENDIS THE THRID PARTY OF THE BUKE OF BATAILLIS AND HERE EFTER BEGYNNIS THE FERDE PARTY ( ETC ) (HEAD) THE FOURTH PART (END OF HEAD)

HERE BEGYNNIS THE TABLE OF THE FERDE PART OF THIS BUKE ( IN PRIMIS ) OFF QUHAT RYCHT OR QUHAT EVIN CUMMYS BATAILL ( PRIMUM CAPITULUM ) BE QUHAT RYCHT OR RESOUN MAY MEN MOVE WERE AGAYNIS THE SARRAZENIS OR OTHIR MISTROWARIS GIF THE EMPEROURE SULD MOVE WERE AGAYNE THAME, QUHA SULD OBEY TILL HIS MANDEMENT ( IIJ CAMQ) QUHETHIR OTHIR PRINCIS NA THE EMPEROURE MAY MOVE WERE APON THE SARRAZENIS (IIIJ CAMQ) QUHETHIR THE EMPEROURE MAY ORDANE WERE AGAYNE THE PAPE, OR AGAYN THE HALY KIRK ( VCAMQ ) QUHETHIR THE PAPE MAY MAK WERE ON HIM ( VJ CAMQ ) QUHAT THINGIS MAY GER MOVE BATAILL NECESSE ( VIJ CAMQ ) QUHAT THINGIS PERTENIS TILL A GUDE KNYCHT TO DO ( VIIJ CAMQ ) QUHAT THINGIS PERTENIS TO THE DUK OF THE BATAILL ( IX CAMQ ) HOW, AND FOR QUHAT CAUS A KNYCHT SULD BE PUNYST ( XCAMQ ) QUHETHIR STRENTH BE A VERTU MORALE ( XJ CAMQ ) QUHETHIR GIF THE DUKE OF THE BATAILL BE

TANE MEN SULD HAVE MERCI OF HIM AND SAVE HIS LYF ( XIJ CAMQ ) GIF FORS BE A VERTU CARDINALE OR NOCHT ( XIIJ CAMQ ) QUHETHIR PRESONARIS THAT ARE TANE IN BATAILL BE THE TAKARIS OR THE LORDIS THAT PAYIS THE WAGIS ( XIIIJ CAMQ ) QUHETHIR THE VASSALLIS SULD PAS IN WERE ON THAIR AWIN COST, OR ON THE PRINCIS COSTIS ( XV CAMQ ) GIF A BAROUNS MEN SULD HELP THAIR LORD AGAYNE THAIR KING AND SERVE IN HIS WERIS OR NOCHT ( XVJ CAMQ ) GIF TWA BAROUNS HAS WERE, ILKANE AGAYN OTHIR, QUHETHIR SULD THAIR MEN HELP ILKANE HIS AWIN LORDE, OR THAIR KING AND HE CHARGE THAME QUHETHIR I AW TO DEFEND MY NYCHTBOUR IN ARMYS, AND MEN WALD SETT TO SLA HIM QUHAT PERSONIS AR BEHALDIN TO DEFEND OTHIR HOW THE BONDE IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND HIS LORDE HOW THE SONE IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND THE FADER, BUT THE LEVE OF THE JUSTICE QUHETHIR ERAR IS THE SONE BEHALDIN DEFEND HIS FADER, OR HIS NATURAL LORD MAISTER QUHETHIR A CLERK SULD ERAR HELP HIS FADER OR HIS BISCHOP, AND HE HAVE WERE QUHETHIR TO CONQUEST GUDIS RYCHTWISLY, MEN MAY LEFULLY MAK DEFENSABLE WERE QUHETHIR FOR UNRYCHTWIS CONQUEST, MEN MAY MAK WERE DIFFENSABLE QUHETHIR PRESTIS AND CLERKIS MAY DEFEND THAIR GUDIS BE ARMES GIF ARMOUR LENT AND TYNT IN FELDE SULD BE RESTORIT GIF ARMOUR OR HORS HYRIT AND TYNT SULD BE RESTORIT

GIF A KNYCHT BE REFT DOAND HIS PRINCIS CHARGE, QUHETHIR HAS THE KNYCHT OR THE PRINCE ACCIOUN TO THE PARTY GYF A MAN GAIS TO THE WERIS UNCHARGIT, SALL HE TAK WAGIS GIF A KNYCHT SERVIS A KING UNCHARGIT IN HIS WERIS, QUHETHIR MAY HE LAUFULLY ASK HIM HIS WAGIS GIF THE KING OF SPANZE SENDIS SECOURS TO THE KING OF FRANCE IN HIS WERIS, AS HE HAS DONE OTHIR TYMES TILL HIM IN SIK LYKE CAS, QUHETHIR SULD THE SPANNOLLIS ASK WAGIS AT THE KING OF FRANCE GIF A MAN GAIS TO WERE FOR VAYN GLORE, QUHETHIR HE MAY BE LAW OF ARMES ASK WAGIS OR NOCHT GIF A CAPITANE DOAND HIS LORDIS BIDDING TYNE HIS GUDIS, GIF HIS LORD AW TO RESTORE HIM AGAYNE GIF A MAN GAIS TO THE WERE FOR COVATIS TO PELE AND RUB GUDIS, QUHETHIR HE MAY ASK WAGE OR NOUCHT GIF A CLERK MAY LEVEFULLY PAS TO THE WERIS OR NOCHT IF SOLDIERS WHOSE SERVICES ARE ENGAGED BUT ARE AFTERWARDS DISPENSED WITH BEFORE EMPLOYMENT MAY CLAIM A YEAR'S WAGES IN QUHAT TERMES THE WAGE AW TOBE PAYIT TO MEN GIF A WAGEOUR GAIS TO PLAY AND DISPORT HIM WITH LEVE FOR A TYME, GIF HE SULD BE PAYIT OF THAT TYME GIF A KNYCHT HAS TANE WAGIS OF A KING FOR A ZERE, AND HE WALD WITHIN THRE MONETHIS PAS HIS WAY TILL ANE OTHIR PRINCE, QUHETHIR GIF HE SULD BE PAYIT FOR THE TYME THAT HE HAD SERVIT GIF A SOWDIOURE BE PAYIT OF A PRINCE FOR A ZERE, GIF HE MAY PUT ANE OTHIR IN HIS STEDE, OR NOCHT QUHETHIR GIF A CAPITANE MAY SEND OF HIS FOLK AWAY THAT HE HAS ANYS MOUSTRIT IN FELDE GIF A MAN OF ARMES HAPNIS SEKE IN THE WERIS, QUHETHIR HE MAY ASK HIS WAGIS FOR ALL THE TYME THAT HE IS SEKE, OR NOCHT HOW GUDIS SULD BE DEPARTIT IN THE WERIS THAT AR WONNYN IN TYME OF THE WERIS GIF A MAN MAY RYCHTWISLY HALD THAT HE HAS TANE FRA A REVARE THAT SET TO REVE HIM BE THE WAY GIF TWA CITEIS MAKIS WERE, ILKANE ON OTHIR, QUHETHIR THAI MAY LEFULLY MAK WERE, THAI CLAMAND TO HALD OF NA SOVERAYNE QUHETHIR A MAN MAY SLA HIS PRESONARE, EFTER THAT HE BE TANE AND ZELDIT AT HIS AWIN WILL GIF A MAN MAY ASK RANSOUN OF GOLD AND SILVER AT HIS PRESONARE BE LAW OR ARMES QUHETHIR, FOR THE WERIS THAT IS BETUIX THE KINGIS OF INGLAND AND OF FRANCE, THE FRAUNCHMEN MAY LEVEFULLY TAK THE PURE MENNIS GUDIS, AND MAK ACHET OF, AND MAK PRESONARIS THAIR PERSOUNS QUHETHIR A KING MAY LEFULLY, BE CAUTELE AND SUBTILTEE, OURSET OR DISCONFYTE ANE OTHIR KING QUHETHIR BATAILL MAY LEFULLY BE ON HALY DAY QUHETHIR GIF A MAN WRANGIS ANE OTHIR, HE MAY LEFULLY RECOVER APON HIM BE WERE HIS THING, GIF HE MAY RECLAME HIM IN JUGEMENT

GIF A KNYCHT DEIS IN BATAILL IN HIS PRINCIS QUERELE, QUHETHIR HIS SAULE BE SAUF OR NOCHT QUHETHIR RYCHTWIS MEN OR SYNNARIS AR STARKARE IN BATAILL QUHY IS THARE SAMEKLE WERE IN THIS WARLD? GIF A PRESONARE BE SUORNE TO HALD PRESOUN, AND HIS TAKARE PUT HIM ATOUR HIS ATH IN STARK PRESOUN OR FESTNYNG, GIF IT BE LEFULL TO HIM TO ESCAPE AND BREK PRESOUN GIF A MAN BE PRESONARE TILL ANE OTHIR, AND HE PUT HIM IN A STARK CLOS TOURE, IN SEKIR FESTENYNG, QUHETHIR HE BE HALDIN TO BREK PRESOUN AND ESCHAPE GIF A MAN HAS SAUF CONDYT TO CUM SEURELY, NOCHT SPEKAND OF HIS WAY PASSING, QUHETHIR HE MAY BE HALDYN PRESONARE IN HIS PASSING GYF A MAN THAT HAS SAUF CONDUCT MAY BRING ON HIS SAUF CONDUCT GRETAR MAN NA HIM SELF IS GIF A MAN BE TANE PRESONARE APON ANE OTHERIS SAUF CONDYT, QUHETHIR HE THAT AW THE SAUF CONDYT SULD OUTRED HIM OF PRESOUN ON HIS AWIN COST GIF A MAN SULD ENTER AGAYN IN PRISOUN AND HE WAR RYCHT DREDAND FOR TOBE PUT TO DEDE GIF A PRINCE MAY LEFULLY REFUS ANE OTHIR PRINCE, TO PAS HIS VOYAGE THROU HIS CONTRE BUT SCATHE QUHETHIR KIRK MEN SULD PAY TAILLES, TRIBUTIS AND IMPOSICIOUNS TO SECLERE KINGIS OR PRINCIS GIF THE KIRK MAY MAK WERE AGAYNE THE JOWIS

GIF A MAN MAY FICHT FOR HIS WYF IN ARMES HOW THE TA BROTHIR MAY DEFEND THE TOTHIR IN ARMYS GIF A BAROUN BE VASSALL TO TWA LORDIS THAT MAKIS WERIS IN SYNDRY CONTREIS, TO QUHILK OF THAME SALL HE MAK SERVICE TILL AND GIF A BAROUN BE VASSALL TO TWA LORDIS THE QUHILKIS MAKIS WERE ILKANE APON OTHIR, QUHAM TO SALL HE MAK SERVICE QUHETHIR BONDIS SULD BE CONSTREYNIT TO THE WERIS QUHILK FOLK MAY NOCHT BE STRENZEIT TO MAK WERIS, SUPPOS THAI BE CHARGIT GIF A MAN BE HURT SARELY BE ANE OTHIR, AND HE HURT HIM AGAYNE, GIF HE SALBE PUNYST GIF A MAN BONDE MAKIS SLAUCHTER BE THE BIDDING OF HIS LORD, SULD HE BE PUNYST QUHETHIR A BONDE MAY DEFEND HIM AGAYNE HIS LORD, AND HE WAR SETT TO SLA HIM GIF A MONK MAY DEFEND HIM FRA HIS ABBOT, AND HE WALD SETT TO SLA HIM GIF THE SONE MAY LEFULLY DEFEND HIM AGAYN HIS FADER, AND HE WALD SLA HIM GIF A MAN MAY LEFULLY DEFEND HIM AGAYN HIS AWIN JUGE, OR NOUCHT GYF A MAN BE BANYST A REALME AND HAPPIN TO CUM IN AGAYNE BE ONY CAS, GIF MEN WALD SET ON HIM TO TAK HIM, QUHETHIR HE AUCHT TO DEFEND HIM GIF A PRESTE BE ASSAILIT WITH HIS INYMYES BERAND GODDIS SACRIT BODY ON HIM, QUHETHIR HE AW TO LAY DOUNE GODDIS BODY AND DEFEND HIM, OR NOCHT

GIF A MAN MAY FOR MARK BE PRISONARE THAT MAID NEVER CAUS BOT FOR OTHERIS HOW AND IN QUHAT MANER MARK SULD BE THOLIT OR GEVIN BE THE PRINCE HOW SULD MARK BE GEVIN AGANIS A CITEE THAT ALLEGIS TO NA SOVERAYNE? GIF ALL LORDIS MAY GRAUNT MARKIS HOW OR BE QUHAT RESOUN MAY IT BE STEYND THAT THE KING OF FRANCE BE NOCHT SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE QUHETHIR GIF THE KING OF INGLAND BE SUBJECT ONY WAY TO THE EMPIRE GIF A BURGES HALDAND CHANGE AND HOUS AT PARIS BE TANE AND ROBBIT BE THE WAY CUMMAND TO PARIS WART, QUHETHIR HE IS TOBE GEVIN POWER OF MARK TO FOR THE GUDE RECOVERING QUHETHIR A SCOLARE AT THE STUDY IN PARIS, OF INGLAND BORNE, AW TOBE PRESONARE QUHETHIR A SERVAND SULD JOYS THE PREVILEGE THAT HIS MAISTER HAS LANG JOISIT GYF ANE INGLIS MAN CUMMYS TO PARIS TO VISYTE HIS SONE AT THE SCULE BEAND SEKE, QUHETHIR HE AW TOBE PRESONARE OR NOCHT GIF ANE INGLISMAN CUMMYS TO PARIS TO VISYTE HIS BROTHER SEKE AT THE SCULE, QUHETHIR HE AW TOBE PRESONARE OR NOCHT QUHETHIR A STUDYAND MAY LEFULLY BE HALDIN IN PRISOUN FOR ONY MARK QUHETHIR A WODE MAN MAY BE HALDIN PRISONER AND RANSOUND IN THE WERIS QUHETHIR A WODE MAN, EFTER THAT HE BE CUMYN AGAIN TO HIS WIT, MAY BE HALDYN PRESONARE QUHETHIR A PASSAND ALDE ANCIEN MAN BE LAW OF ARMES MAY BE HALDIN PRISONER QUHETHIR A CHILDE MAY LEFULLY BE TANE AND HALDIN PRESONARE BE THE LAWE OF ARMES QUHETHIR A BLYND MAN BE LAW OF ARMES MAY BE TANE AND HALDIN PRISONERE QUHETHIR AMBASSADOURIS OR LEGATIS CUMMAND TO THE KING MAY LEDE HIS INYMYES THROU HIS REALME WITH THAME OR NOCHT QUHETHIR A BISCHOP MAY BE TANE PRESONARE BE A FRAUNCHMAN, THE BISCHOP OF INGLAND BEAND QUHETHIR A KIRK MAN MAY BE TANE FOR MARK QUHETHIR GIF PILLERYNS MAY BE MAID PRISONERIS BE ONY MANER OF WERIS OF ARMES QUHAT THINGIS IN TYME OF WERE HAS SAUF CONDYT BE PRIVILEGE UNASKIT AT THE PRINCIS QUHETHIR IN TYME OF WERE THE AS AND THE OX SULD BATHE JOIS A MANER OF PRIVILEGE QUHETHIR GIF THE VARLET AW TO JOYS THE PRIVILEGE OF THE HUSBAND MAN QUHETHIR IN TYME OF WERIS FOLK MAY LEDDER CASTELLIS AND WALLIT TOWNIS LEFULLY HOW SULD BE PUNYST FOLK THAT BREKIS THE PRINCIS SAUF CONDYT, OR HIS ASSEURANCIS QUHETHIR A GRETE LORD SULD TRAIST IN A SAUF CONDYT, OR ONY OTHIR LAWAR PERSOUN QUHETHIR GIF A CRISTIN KING, PRINCE OR EMPEROUR MAY GEVE A SAUF CONDYT TILL ANE OTHIR KING, PRINCE OR EMPEROUR SARRAZENE

GIF TWA LORDIS HAS MAID TREWIS TOGIDDER SUORNE, QUHETHIR GIF THE TANE BREK TREWIS, GIF THE TOTHIR SULD RYCHT SA BREK QUHETHIR BETTER BE TO FECHT FASTAND BEFORE METE, OR EFTER METE QUHEN MEN HAS DRONKIN QUHETHIR BATAILL MAY BE SET BEFORE LADYES QUHETHIR THE QUENE JONAT OF NAPLIS MYCHT LEFULLY ASSAILZE THE KING LOWIS DE CICILE HERE PREVIS THE AUTOUR PLAYNLY HOW GAGE OF BATAILL IS REPROVIT BE ALL MANER OF LAWIS HERE HE PUTTIS THE CASE IN THE QUHILK IT IS LEFULL TO GEVE GAGE OF BATAILL AND ZIT HE PUTTIS ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK LAW OF ARMES WILL THOLE GAGE OF BATAILL AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAWIS OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR, EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR, EFTIR THE LAW OF LOMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR, EFTIR THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAWIS OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTIR THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTER THE SAID LAWIS OF LUMBARDY

AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTER THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTER THE LAW OF LUMBARDY AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS EFTER THE SAID LAWIS HOW OFT TYMES THE BATAILL IN LISTIS IS NOCHT DONE BE THE PRINCIPALE PERSOUNIS BOT BE OTHERIS THE FORME AND MANER OF THAIR AITHIS THAT SULD FECHT IN BARRIERIS OF CLOS LISTIS IN FELDE GIF A MAN PASSIT AGE MAY PUT QUHAM HIM LIST TO CAMPIOUN TO FICHT IN BARRERIS FOR HIM GIF ANE OF THE CAMPIOUNS BREKIS HIS SUERD, QUHETHER ANE OTHIR SULD BE GEVIN HIM AGAYNE GIF THE LORD MAY NOCHT KNAW THE FIRST DAY QUHA HAS THE LYKLYAR, GIF THAI SULD CUM AGAIN ON THE MORNE AND ENTER IN FELDE AS BEFORE QUHILK OF THE TWA CAMPIOUNS SULD FIRST STRYKE GIF THE VENCUST MAN SULD PAY THE COSTIS THOUCH THE KING REMYTT HIS ACCIOUN GIF A MAN HAS BENE VENCUST OF ONY CRIME IN BARRERIS GIF HE MAY BE ACCUSIT IN JUGEMENT THAROF QUHETHIR GIF THE CAMPIOUNS MAY FECHT IN PLAYNE FELDE, BUT BARRERIS, GIF THAI LYKIS HOW HE SULD BE PUNYST THAT HAS GRANTIT HIS CRIME, AND VENCUST IN BARRERIS OPINLY GIF A KNYCHT APPELIS ANE OTHIR, QUHETHER GIF THAI MAY LEVE OF, AND FORTHINK THE APPELE HERE HE SPEKIS OF ARMES AND BANERIS IN GENERALE HERE HE SPEKIS OF ARMES AND BANERIS IN SPECIALITEE GIF A MAN MAY TAK OTHERIS ARMES AT HIS LYKING GIF ANE ALLEMAIN FYNDIS A FRAUNCHMAN BERAND THE SAMYN ARMES THAT HE BERIS IN FELDE, QUHETHIR GIF HE MAY APPELE HIM OF BATAILL HOW SULD BE PUNYST FOLK THAT BERIS OTHIR MENNIS ARMES BUT LEVE, TO DO THAME ONY LAK HERE SPEKIS HE OF COLOURIS IN ARMES, QUHILKIS AR THE MAIST NOBLE, AND OF THAIR DIVISIOUNS AND FIRST HE SPEKIS OF THE COLOUR THAT IS REDE AND SYNE HE SPEKIS OF ASURE, THAT IS THE BLEWE COLOURE AND SYNE HE SPEKIS OF THE QUHITE COLOURIS AND SYNE HE SPEKIS OF THE COLOUR THAT IS BLAK AND SYNE HE SPEKIS OF THE CONDICIOUN AND NATURE OF THE ORDINANCE OF THE CLOSING OF THE BARRERIS AND ZIT SPEKIS HE OF THE CONDICIOUN OF CLOS FELDE, ORDANYT FOR FECHTING IN BARRERIS, AS SAID IS AND ZIT ANE OTHIR THRID REULE, OF THE CONDICIOUN AND NATURE OF THE CLOS BARRERIS AND ZIT SPEKIS HE OF THE FERDE CONDICIOUN AND NATURE OF THE CLOS FELDE THAT IS CALLIT BARRERIS AND ZIT THE FYFT DOCTRYNE GEVIS HE, OF THE FORME, AND MANER AND CONDICIOUN OF THE CLOS FELDE

AND ZIT THE SEXT DOCTRINE SPEKI FORME, MANER AND CONDICIOUN OF THE CLOS BARRERIS HERE HE SPERIS QUHAT CONDICIOUN SULD BE IN A GUDE EMPEROURE, BE THE NATURE OF HIS HIE OFFICE QUHAT THINGIS APPERTENIS TOBE IN A GUDE PRINCE, KING OR OTHIR (EXPLICUIT RUBRICE ISTIUS QUARTI LIBRI) (HEAD)HERE EFTER FOLOWIS THE CHAPITRIS OF THE FERDE BUKE EFTER THE QUOTACIOUNS OF THE RUBRICIS(ETC)(END OF HEAD) (MARG) ( PRIMUM CAPITULUM ) (END OF HEAD) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOURE OF THE FIRST QUESTIOUN OF THIS FERDE BUKE, THAT IS TO SAY, OF QUHAT RYCHT OR OF QUHAT EVYN CUMMYS BATAILL, TOUCHAND THE QUHILK HE SAIS, THARE IS A LAWE CALLIT GODDIS LAWE, AND THARFORE MON WE SE FIRST, GIF BATAILL BE A THING REPROVIT BE THAT LAWE. TO THE QUHILK, SYMPLE FOLK THAT AR NOCHT LETTERIT FOLK WALD SAY ZA, AND THE CAUS QUHY, FOR THE BATAILLIS AND WERIS DOIS AY EVILL, AND BE ALL GODDIS LAW IT IS FORBEDYN TO DO EVILL, AND CONDAMPNYT THING. BOT THIS ARGUMENT IS NA WORTH, FOR QUHY BATAILL IS NOCHT EVILL THING, BOT GUDE THING AND VERTUOUS, FOR RESOUN OF NATURE IT HAS NANE OTHIR REGARDE, BOT RECOURAIE AGAYNE WRANG IN RYCHT, AND GER DISCENSIOUN TURNE IN PES, AS SAIS HALY WRITT. AND SUPPOS IN BATAILL BE DONE MONY EVILLIS, THAT CUMMYS NOCHT OF RYCHT BATAILL, FOR SUPPOS A MAN REVE ANE OTHIR, OR PUT FYRE IN A KIRK, OR DO A WRANG, THAT CUMMYS NOCHT OF RYCHT BATAILL, NA WERE. BOT THAT CUMMYS OF A FALS USAGE OF MEN OF ARMES, FOR MISGOVERNAUNCE OF THE WERIS, AS MEN SAIS OF JUSTICE, THAT A JUGE MAY DO WRANG, BOT AND HE US HIS OFFICE RYCHTWISLY. HIS OFFICE IS FOUNDIT IN GUDELYNES, BOT QUHARE THE JUSTICE MAY NOCHT BE MAISTER, TO REDRESS

WRANG AND GER IT CUM AGAYNE TO RYCHT BE ORDRE OF LAW ORDINARE, THAT MON GRETE MEN, THROU FORCE OF BATAILL WELE GOVERNYT, GER IT BE AGAYN TURNYT IN RYCHT. BOT AND A JUGE DO NOCHT JUSTLY LAWE, QUHY SULD WE SAY FOR THAT, THAT LAW WAR AN EVILL THING, THOUCH THE JUGE US IT NOCHT RYCHTWISLY? FOR WRANG GOVERNAUNCE CUMMYS NOCHT OF THE NATURE OF JUSTICE. RYCHT SA SAY WE, THAT EVILL DEDE CUMMYS NEVER OF THE NATURE OF BATAILL, BOT IT CUMMYS OF A FALS CUSTUME AND FALS USAGE, FOR ALL GUDIS AND ALL VERTUES CUMMYS OF GOD, AND OF HIS AWIN COMMANDEMENT BATAILL WAS ORDANYT. AND HE GAVE COMMANDEMENT TILL A MAN THAT WAS CALLIT JHESUSUSANNE, SAYAND THAT HE SULD GEVE BATAILL TILL HIS INYMYES, AND HOW WITH SUBTILITEE OF ANE ENBUSCHEMENT, HE SULD BEGYLE THAME AND WYN HIS ADVERS PARTYE. AND ZIT SAY WE THAT GOD IS LORD, SYRE AND GOVERNOURE OF BATAILLIS. AND THARFOR MON WE GRAUNT THAT BATAILL CUMMYS OF RYCHT, AND OF GODDIS LAWE, AND BE THE RYCHT OF GOD. FOR THE END THAT MEN DESYRIS IN BATAILL IS BOT TO HAVE RYCHT AND RESOUN OF HIM THAT DOIS WRANG, AND THAT WILL NOCHT AMEND HIS WRANG, BOT THROU FORCE. AND SA IS THE END OF BATAILL PES. AND COMMONLY IN BATAILL THE GUDE FOLK HAS EVILL, FOR EVILL (SIC)FOLK,FOR OTHIR WAYIS MAY IT NOCHT BE,FOR AS SUTHEFAST RESOUN GEVIS, BATAILL IS COMPERIT TILL ANE MEDICINARE. AND WE SE THAT MALADY CUMMYS NOCHT IN MANNIS BODY, BOT FOR SUM EXCESS OF EVILL HUMOURIS, AND THARE, TO DESTROYE THAT EXCESS OF OUR MEKLE EVILL HUMOURIS, THE MEDICYNE IS GEVIN TO THE MAN THAT IS SEKE TO PUT AWAY THE SAID EXCESS. FOR OTHIR WAYIS MAY IT NOCHT BE MENDIT, OR ELLIS DEDE MON FOLOWE, GIF NA REMEDE BE PUT. FOR NYCHTBOURSCHIP TILL EVILL FOLK GERRIS OFT TYMES THE GUDE TAK SCATHE, AS DID SUM NYCHTBOURIS OF SODOME AND GOMORRE, THE QUHILKIS, FOR THE HORRIBLE SYN AGANIS NATURE, GOD GERT BE BRYNT, AS WITNESS THE HALY SCRIPTURE, WITH OTHIR THRE OTHERIS

THAT WAS NYCHTBOURIS TO THAME, WITH THE QUHILKIS, MONY GUDE FOLKIS WAS PUNYST AMANG THE EVILL, AS DOIS THE GARDINERE THAT MAY NOCHT DRAW OUT THE EVILL HERBES OF HIS GARDYN, BOT GIF HE TAK SUM GUDE WITH. ALSSUA MEN SEIS OFT TYMES THAT FOR THE EXCESS AND FAULT OF SIK A MAN, ALL THE LIGNAGE THAT HE IS OF IS DESTROYIT. AS WE HAVE ANE EXAMPLE OF ANE CALLIT GEZACY, THE QUHILK FOR A FAULT THAT HE MAID OF SYMONY, ALL HIS LIGNEE WAS LEPREZ. AND OFT TYME FOR DEFAULT OF A KING ANE HALE REALME IS OFT IN PERDICIOUN, AS WE REDE THAT, FOR THE SYN OF DAUID, THARE COME DEDE AND PESTILENCE APON ALL HIS REALME. AND THARFORE WE FYND THAT BATAILL CUMMYS OF THE LAW OF GOD, FOR QUHY WE HAVE A LAWE THAT IS CALLIT LAWE OF FOLK, IN LATYN IT IS CALLIT ( JUS GENCIUM, ) OFF THE QUHILKIS IT IS NA DOUT BOT BATAILL CUMMYS BE THE DECRETE OF THAT LAWE OF CIVILE. AND QUHA SA WILL WIT QUHAT KYNDE OF LAWE IS THAT LAWE OF FOLK, I ANSUERE THE, THAT IT IS ALL THING THAT, BE RESOUN NATURALE, SULD BE GENERALY. AND ALSSUA LAW CANOUN, AND LAW CIVILE MAY WELE BE CALLIT LAWE OF PEPLE OR OF FOLK, FOR THAI DECLARE BE GUDE RESOUN THE RICHTIS OF EVERY PARTIS, AND THARAPON DETERMYNIS SPECEALY AS LAW AND RESOUN GEVIS, AND GEVIS THAME FORME AND ORDRE TO GOVERNE THAME EFTER GODDIS LAWIS AND MANNIS. AND ZIT A MARE STARK RESOUN THARE IS, FOR CERTAYNLY BATAILL CUMMYS OF NATURE, AND BE THE LAWIS OF NATURE, FOR QUHY, NATURALY ALL THING IS ENCLYNYT TO GAYNSTAND THAIR CONTRAIRE, AND TO THAIR EVILL, AND THAIR DESTRUCTIOUN AND CORRUPCIOUN, AND TO CONSERVE HIS LANG LESTING AND ENDURING NATURALY: AS MEN SEIS, NATURALY ILKE WILDE BESTE AND TAME DEFEND THE SELF, AND DO EVILL AGAYN EVILL. AND THUS IS IT WELE ESY TO KNAWE THAT BATAILL IS A THING LEFULL AND RESONABLE TOBE DONE, AS GENERALE KNAULAGE MAY BE UNDERSTANDIN. AND AS LANGAND IN SPECIALE WE SALL SPEKE MARE FURTHERLY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM ) (END OF MARG) HERE FOLOWIS BE QUHAT LAWE OR RESOUN MAY MEN MOVE WERE AGANIS THE SARRAZENIS, APON THE QUHILK I WILL MAK

HERE A QUESTIOUN. THAT IS FOR TO SAY, BE QUHAT RYCHT OR QUHAT LAWE MAY MEN MOVE WERE AGANIS THE SARAZENIS OR OTHIR MISTROWAND FOLK, AND GIF THE PAPE AW TO GEVE PARDOUNE TO THAME THAT MAKIS WERIS APON THAME. AND FIRST I WILL PREVE THAT IT MAY NOCHT BE BE LAWE. AND MY RESOUN IS, FOR QUHY, THAT ALL THE GUDIS THAT AR IN TO THIS ERDE GOD MAID FOR MANNIS PERSOUN, BUT DRENIS, ALSWELE FOR THE GUDE PERSOUN AS THE EVILL, FOR GOD GEVIS NA CHARGE NA VERTU MARE TO THE SONNE AND THE PLANETIS TO SCHYNE BETTER APON A CRISTYN MANNIS CORNE NA APON A SARRAZENIS, BOT GERRIS THAME SCHYNE EVYNLY, BATHE APON THE TANE AND APON THE TOTHIR, BATHE EVILL AND GUDE, AND GERRIS CUM TO THAME ALS GUDE WYNIS, ALS GUDE CORNIS, AND ALS GUDE FRUYTE IN ALL KYNDE OF MANERIS IN ERDE, AND QUHILUM BETTER, AND GEVIS THAME ALSSUA WIT AND SCIENCE, NATURALL RESOUN AND JUSTICE, AND GEVIS THAME REALMES AND REGIOUNIS, DUCHERYIS AND ERLDOMYS AND EMPIERES, THAIR FAITH AND TESTAMENT, THE QUHILKIS SEN GOD GEVIS IT BUT DEFFERENCE AND EXCEPCIOUN, QUHY SULD MAN TAK IT FRA THAME SEN GOD VOUCHIS IT SAUF ON THAME. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, AS HALY WRITT BERIS WITNES THAT WE SULD NOCHT FORCE, NA CONSTRENZE NA MISTROWARIS SARRAZENIS, NA OTHIR TO TROWE IN OURE FAITH, NA TO TAK THE HALY BAPTESME, BOT LEVE THAME AND LAT THAME BE IN THAIR FREE WILL, AND MAK THAME EXHORTACIOUNIS AS DID SANCT PAULE AND OTHIR DOCTOURIS, GIF THAI LYKIS ON THAIR GUDE WILL TO CUM TO THE FAITH. AND SEN WE MAY NOCHT THAN MAK THAME WERE TO TROWE IN OURE FAITH, TREWLY WE MAY NOCHT MAK IT THAME TO WYN THAIR GUDIS FRA THAME, THE QUHILKIS GOD LENNIS THAME AS TILL VS. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, FOR AND A SARAZENE TAK THE HALY BAPTESME, ZIT MAY HE BECUM MAN TO THAT LORD THAT HE TAKIS THE FAITH UNDER, AS SAIS SANCT PAULE. AND ZIT SAIS THE DECRETE, THAT THE CRISTIN MEN (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THAT AR DUELLAND IN THE MISTROWAND MENIS HOUSIS UNDERMALIS SULD BE LELE TO THAIR MALARIS AND OBEISAND. AND GIF THAIR MAISTERIS MAKIS WERE IN ARMES, THAI SULD ARME THAME WITH HIM. BOT AND HE CHARGE THAME TO MAK WERE AGANIS CRISTIN MEN, THAI AR NOCHT BEHALDIN TILL OBEY HIM. AND ALSSUA THE PAPE HIM SELF WITH HIS AWIN MOUTH SAIS, (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) IN HIS DECRETALE, THAT IT APPERTENIS NOCHT TILL HIM NA THING OF THAME THAT AR OUT OF THE FAITH OF JHESU CRIST, NA THAT HE SULD NOCHT DO NA JUGEMENT AMANG THAME. AND THARFORE, SEN HIM SELF BERIS WITNES THARETO, HOW MAY HE THAN GEVE PARDOUNS AND INDULGENCE TO MAK WERE APON THAME? AND HEREFORE MON MEN WELE TAK TENT TO THIS DEBATE, AND NAMELY, HOW THAT ALL BUKIS OF HALY WRYTT AR BE THE MAIST PART ALL AT CONCORDE, THAT IN ALL THING THAT NATURE HAS ORDANYT THARE SULD BE A CHEIF, THAT IS FOR TO SAY, ANE HEDE, AS IN ALL ERDELY LORDSCHIP, THE VERAY SONE OF GOD, QUHILK IS SOVERANE LORD OF ALL THIS ERDE, IS OURE LORD AND CHEIF, THE QUHILK NAME OF LORDSCHIP WAS GEVIN HIM BATHE IN HEVYN AND ERDE, AND NEXT HIM HIS VICARE GENERALE THE PAPE, QUHILK HAS ALL POWER GENERALE IN ERDE. AND ZIT I TRAIST THAT A WIS MAN WALD SAY THAT HE HAS BATHE POWERE ON LELE AND VNLELE. BOT IT WAR HERISY TO SAY THAT GIF HIM SELF HAD POWER IN ERDE, THE PAPE HIS VICARE SULD NOCHT HAVE IT IN ERDE, RYCHT SA, FOR IT IS NOCHT A THING EVILL APPERTENAND TO RESOUN, THAT SEN CRIST IS LORDE OF ALL THE ERDE HIS VICARE HAS POWERE OUR ALL HIS LORDSCHIP IN THIS ERDE, THAT IS FOR TO SAY, THAT HE HAS POWER GIF ONY SARAZENE OR JOW DOIS OUCHT THAT IS AGAYNE THE LAW OF NATURE, THE PAPE AW TO CORRECT AND PUNYS HIM. BOT TO SAY THAT IN ALL OTHIR CAS TOUCHAND THE FAITH HE SULD DO RESOUNE, I TRAIST THAT NAY, HE MAY NOCHT DO IT. AND THAROF GEVIS OURE LORD ANE EXAMPLE IN THE ALDE TESTAMENT, QUHEN HE TUKE PUNYCIOUN OF THAT HORRIBLE SYN, AND GERT SYNK FYVE CITEIS OF SODOME AND GOMORRE, AND OTHIR THRE CITEIS NYCHBOURIS TO THAME. BOT SUPPOS THE SARAZENIS AND (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) OTHIR MISTROWAND FOLK HALD NOCHT THE POYNTIS OF THE EWANGELE, THE PAPE MAY NOCHT CONSTREYNE THAME TO TROW IN THE EWANGELE, FOR FAITH SULDE NOCHT BE COMPELLIT BE FORS. NEVERTHELES THE PAPE MAY GEVE PARDOUNS TO CRISTYN MEN TO HELP TO RECOVER THE HALY LAND AGAYNIS THE MISTROWARIS OF THE FAITH, THAT IS THE LAND OF JERUSALEM, THE QUHILK HE CONQUEST RYCHTWIS WITH HIS AWIN PRECIOUS BLUDE. AND SYNE IT WAS AGAYNE CONQUEST BE THE PRINCIS OF ROME, TITUS AND VASPASIANUS. BOT IN SAMEKLE AS THE SARAZENIS HAS OCCUPYIT IT EFTER THE CONQUEST, THAI HAVE OCCUPYIT IT WRANGWISLY, AND BUT RYCHTWIS TITLE. AND THARFORE THE PAPE MAY GEVE PARDOUNS TILL ALL CRISTIN MEN THAT WALD SETT FOR THE CONQUEST OF IT, TO PUT IT AGAYNE TO THE RICHT LORD THAT BOUCHT IT WITH HIS BLUDE. BOT AS TO MAK GENERALE WERE AGAYN THE SARRAZENIS, BUT CONSENT OF THE PAPE, I TRAIST NOCHT IT BE LEFULL NA RESONABLE, ALSET IT WAR THE EMPEROUR. AND THE RESOUN IS THIS, FOR ALL THE GRETTEST THINGIS THAT AR BELANGAND THE GOVERNANCE OF BATHE TEMPORALITEE AND SPIRITUALITEE AR TO BE KNAWIN AND KEND BE THE PAPE, QUHETHIR THARE BE IN THAME RESOUN OR NANE AS ALL WRITTIS BERIS WITNES. AND SPECIALY BE CAUS THAT THE HALY LAND BEZOND THE GRETE SEE, AT JERUSALEM THARE QUHARE HIS BLUDE WAS SCHED, IS SPECIALY HIS VICARIS GENERALE, FOR HE GAVE THE CONQUEST THAROF TO GODFRAY DE BALLOUN. AND BE THAT WAY, QUHA EVER BE KING OF JERUSALEM, HE HALDIS IT OF THE PAPE. AND OF THIS WE HAVE A CLERE EXAMPLE, FOR ALL THE VOYAGIS THAT EVER WAS MAID OUR THE GRETE SEE, FOR THE RECOVERING OF THE SAID LANDIS, WAS DONE BE THE PAPIS AVIS AND HIS CONSENT, AS ALD STOREIS AND ANCIEN CRONYKIS BERIS WITNES. NEVERTHELES I SAY NOCHT NA, QUHEN EVER IT LYKIS THE EMPEROURE TO MAK WERE APON THE OCCUPIARIS OF THAI LANDIS, OR THE KING OF FRAUNCE, OR OTHIR KING, THAT THE PAPE WILL HYNDER THAME, BOT FORTHIR AT ALL HIS POWERE AND CONFOURT THAIR DEVOCIOUN, SA THAT IT BE DONE WITH HIS ADVIS AND CONSENT. FOR SUPPOS A KING THAT WAR OF LYTILL POWER WALD WITH A FEW MENZE PASSE THAT VOYAGE, IT WAR BOT A LAK TO THE LAVE OF THE KINGIS, AND SCATHE TO THE PAPE, AND TO THE HALY FAITH HINDERING. BOT SUPPOS THE PAPE WALD SET HIM FOR TO CONQUEST OTHIR REALMES OR CONTREIS, IN THAI LANDIS THAT THE

UNFAITHFULL MEN HALDIS, THE PAPE, BE LAW NA RESOUN, AW NOCHT TO MOVE WERE AGANIS THAME, NA TO DECLARE WERE TOBE MAID APON THAME BE OTHIR PRINCIS, BOT GIF THAI REALMES WAR OTHIR WAYIS CONQUEST BE OTHIR TYMES, AND PUT IN THE SUBJECTIOUN OF THE KIRK, OR OF THE EMPIRE OF ROME. BOT NOCHTWITHSTANDING THAT THAI REALMES BE NOCHT SUBJECTES TO THE EMPIRE, THE PAPE HAS POWER PRECEPTIVE APON THAME, THAT, UNDER PAYNE OF FORFETURE COMMAND THAREIN, THAI DO NA GREF NA INJURIS TO THE CRISTYN FOLK. THE QUHILK, GIF THAI DO, ATOUR HIS COMMANDEMENT AND INHIBICIOUN, HE MAY COMMAND THE EMPEROUR AND OTHIR PRINCIS TO MOVE WERE AGANIS THAME, THAT DISTRUBLIS THE SONYS OF HALY KIRK, AND GEVE THE CONQUEST OF THAI REALMES AND REGIOUNS TILL HIS CRISTYN CAMPIOUNS. AND SUPPOS THAI CRISTIN MEN DUELL IN THAIR JURISDICTIOUN, THE PAPE BE SENTENCE DIFFINITIVE MAY TAK FRA THAME THAIR FORESAID JURISDICTIOUN, AND GEVE IT QUHARE HIM LEST, GIF THAI MAK ONY MOLESTACIOUN TO CRISTYN THAT IS IN THAIR JURISDICTIOUN. AND THIS IS THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE MAISTERIS AND DOCTOURIS. BOT FOR NOCHT THAT I HAVE SAID, I WILL NOCHT THAT MEN UNDERSTAND BE MY SAWIS NA THE KING OF JERUSALEM HAS GUDE RYCHT TO RECOVER HIS SAID REALME, QUHEN EVER HE MAY BE OF POWER TO RECOVER IT, FOR ILKE MAN WATE WELE THAT QUENE JOHANNE OF NAPLES HAS VERAY RYCHT TO THE SAID REALM, SCHO AND HIR OFSPRING. QUHARFORE I MAK HERTLY INSTANCE TO ALMYCHTY GOD, TO SEND SUM GRACIOUS PERSONE THAT MAY HAVE GRACE AND POWARE, TO RECONQUEST IT AND BRING IT TO THE KYNDE AIRIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHAT FOLK SULD OBEY TO THE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM IIJ ) (END OF MARG) EMPEROURIS COMMANDEMENT, IN CAS THAT HE WALD MOVE WERIS. APON THE QUHILK THING WE SULDE UNDERSTAND HOW THE EMPEROUR HAS MONY SYNDRY KYNDE OF PEPLE UNDER HIS WAND, OFF THE QUHILKIS THARE IS SUM THAT IS IN ALL POYNTIS OBEYSAND TILL HIM, AS THE PEPLE OF ROME, BE THE QUHILK PEPLE OF ROME IS UNDERSTANDIN ALL HIS EMPIRE, SEN HE IS EMPEROUR OF ROME, AS SAIS THE LAWIS. BOT THARE IS MONY OF THAME THAT REBELLIS, AND WILL NOCHT OBEY, NOCHTWITHSTANDING THAT THAY LYVE BE THE LAWIS OF THE EMPIRE. AND ZIT, NOCHT THAN THAI GRAUNT THAT THE EMPEROUR IS TEMPORALE LORD OF ALL THE WARLD, ZIT WILL THAI NOCHT OBEYE HIM, IN JUSTICE DOYNG AMANG THAME: SIK AS AR THE CITEIS OF LOMBARDYE WITH THE PEPLE OF ROME, ALSSUA THE QUHILKIS, NOCHTWITHSTANDING THAT THAI OCCUPY THE JURISDICCIOUN OF THE EMPIRE, THE EMPEROUR, NEVERTHELESS, HAS BE RYCHT LAWIS, HAS AND SULD HAVE DOMINACIOUN AND SEIGNOURY APON THAME. AND WITH THAT, THARE IS OTHIR PEPLE, THAT HAS NOCHT ADO WITH THE EMPEROURIS LAWIS, AND IS NOCHT UNDER HIS DOMINACIOUN, AS IS THE TOUN OF VENYS, THE QUHILK SAIS THAT THAI AR PRIVILEGIT TILL HAVE ALL JURISDICCIOUN WITHIN THAME SELF. BOT NATHELESS THIS PEPLE IS OF THE PEPLE OF ROME, FOR SEN THAI SAY THAT THAI JOYS THE JURISDICCIOUN BE PRIVILEGE OF THE EMPIRE, BOT THE EMPEROUR MAY GAYN CALL THAT PRIVILEGE QUHEN EVER HIM LYKIS. AND ZIT IS THARE OTHIR PEPLE, THAT WAS WONT TOBE OF THE EMPIRE, THE QUHILKIS BE DOMINACIOUN AR OF OTHERIS NOW, AS AR ALL THE PEPLE OF ALL THE PROVINCIS THAT THE HALY WAS WOUNT TO JOIS, THE QUHILKIS OBEYIS NOCHT TO THE EMPEROUR, BUT PROPERLY TO THE PAPE, AS IS OURE AWIN REALME OF NAPLES, QUHILK HALDIS OF THE PAPE IN PROPERTEE OF SUBJECTIOUN. AND ZIT IS THARE SINDRY OTHIR REALMES THAT OBEYIS NOCHT TO THE EMPEROURE, AS FRANCE, SPAIGNEZE AND INGLAND, THE QUHILKIS HAS BE (MARG)SCOTLAND, IRLAND(END OF MARG) WRITT THAIR JURISDICCIOUN IMPERIALE. BOT IT IS NA MERVAIL THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE BE NOCHT SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, NA TO THE EMPEROURE, FOR QUHY THAT OTHIR TYMES THE REALM OF FRANCE, AND THE EMPIRE WAS ALL ANE IN THE TYME OF GRETE CHARLES, THE QUHILK WAS BATHE KING OF FRAUNCE AND EMPEROURE. THE QUHILK FREDOME, AS MEN SAIS, THE SAID EMPEROUR IN HIS LYF AND LEGE POUSTEE DECLARIS HIM SELF THAT NOUTHIR OF THAME IS SUBJECT TILL OTHIR, AND SUTH IT IS THAT EFTER CHARLES, THARE WAS FYVE KINGIS OF FRANCE EMPEROURIS AND KINGIS OF FRAUNCE, FOR THAN WAS BATHE BOT A THING BUT ONY DIVISIOUN. BOT NOW IT IS NOCHT SA, FOR NOW THAI HALD NOCHT, NA HAS NOCHT ADO WITH EMPEROUR NA EMPEROURIS LAWIS. AND ALSSUA THARE IS MONY ANE THAT WILL NOCHT GRAUNT THAT THE EMPEROURE IS LORD OF ALL THE WARLD, FOR THE TRAYTOURIS UNTREUTHFULL SAIS THAT THE GRETE CANE IS LORD OF ALL THE WARLD. AND THE SARRAZENIS SAIS THAT THE GRETE SOUDANE IS LORD OF ALL THE WARLD. BOT AS TO THE PURPOS, QUHA (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) SULD OBEY TO THE EMPEROUR IN HIS WERIS MAKING, AND QUHETHIR HE MAY MAK WERE OR NOCHT. AS TO THAT I ANSUERE ZOW, THAT CERTAYNLY SEN HE HAS NA TEMPORALE SOVERANE HE MAY MAK WERIS AT HIS AWIN LIST, AND BATAILLIS AGAYNE HIS INYMYES. OFF THE QUHILKIS I SALL DECLARE QUHA AR HIS INYMYES. OF THE QUHILK SPEKIS THE LAW CIVILE. THAT NOCHT ANERLY THE EMPEROUR MAY MAK WERE, BOT ALSSUA THE PEPLE OF ROME MAY MOVE WERIS AGAYNE THAIR INYMYES BE THE LAWIS CIVILE. HERE MAKIS HE ANE OTHIR QUESTIOUN, THAT IS, QUHETHIR (MARG) ( NOTA CAPITULUM IIIJ ) (END OF MARG) OTHIR PRINCIS NA THE EMPEROURE MAY MOVE WERE AND BATAILL, TO THE QUHILK HE ANSUERIS, SAYAND, THAT OTHIR PRINCIS MAY MAK WERE AND BATAILLIS, BE THE LAWIS, FOR THE TAKING OF COUNSAILE AS LANGAND THE WERIS PERTENIS TO THE PRINCIS, AS SAIS THE LAWE CIVILE. BOT AS TO THE SUTHFASTNES, OTHIR LORDIS MAY NOCHT COMMAND BATAILL NA WERIS, BOT ANERLY EMPEROURIS, KINGIS OR PRINCIS, THAT IS TO SAY, GENERALE WERE, FOR NA MAN MAY MAK WERE IN GENERALE, BUT LEVE, AND NANE MAY GEVE LEVE BOT A PRINCE. ANE OTHIR RESOUN: THARE MAY NA MAN TAK RYCHT NA RESOUN AT HIS AWIN HAND, BOT HE THAT IS LORD AND PRINCE OF THE LAWE LEVE HIM TO DO, BE HIM SELF OR HIS MYNISTRIS. BOT NOW ON DAYES, SIK LAWIS AR NOCHT WELE KEPIT, FOR SYMPLE KNYCHTIS AND BARONIS THAT AR NA PRINCIS WILL TAK OPYN WERE AND GENERALE, ILKANE TILL OTHIR, BUT ONY LEVE OF PRINCE OR OTHIR POWER HAFAND, THE QUHILK IS AGAYNE THE LAW OF ARMES. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR GIF THE EMPEROUR (MARG) ( CAPITULUM V ) (END OF MARG) MAY MAK WERE AGAYNIS THE KIRK, AND QUHETHIR HIS MEN OR SUBJECTIS SULD OBEY HIM IN THAT KYNDE OF WERE OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THAT ME THINK THAT THAI SULD OBEY HIM, FOR QUHY, THE EMPEROUR IS THE HYEST OF TEMPORALE PRINCIS, AND THE LAWIS SAIS, (QUOD MORTE MORIATUR QUI PRINCIPIBUS OBEDIENCIAM NON PRESTAT,) THAT IS TO SAY, HE SULD THOLE DEDE THAT OBEYIS NOCHT TILL HIS PRINCE. ALS ANE OTHIR RESOUN IS, FOR THE KNAULAGE AND JUGEMENT OF WERIS IS TO THE EMPEROUR AND OTHIR PRINCIS BATHE APPERTENAND, QUHY THAN SULD THAIR SUBJECTES REBELL THAME? THE THRID RESOUN IS, FOR RYCHT AS THE PAPE IS LORD OF THE SPIRITUALITEE, SA IS THE EMPEROURE IN TEMPORALITEE. AND THARFORE, AS HE SULD HAVE OBEISAUNCE IN SPIRITUALITEE, SA SULD THE EMPEROUR IN TEMPORALITEE. AND ZIT IS THARE A MARE STARK RESOUN NA ALL THIR, FOR AS WITNESS THE LAWIS, AND THE CLERKIS THAT THAME THARE IN KNAWIS, THE SUBJECTIS OF THE EMPEROUR SULD KEPE THAIR OBEDIENCE TILL HIM ALSET HE WAR SCISMATTIKE. BOT ZIT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR RESOUNIS THAT AR BOT FULL WAYKE, FOR THE EMPEROUR SULD BE PROCUROURE TO DEFEND HALY KIRK. AND TO SAY THAT MY PROCURATOUR, THAT I MAK ON MYN AWIN COST TO DEFEND ME, SULD BE AGAYNIS ME, IT WAR NOCHT WELE SITTAND THAT HE THAT WAR ORDANYT TO DEFEND ME, SULD BE WERREYOUR AGAYNE ME. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, THE PAPE IS SOVERANE TO THE EMPEROUR, AND THE EMPEROUR SUBJECT TO THE PAPE, AND TO SAY THAT THE SUBJECT SULD JUGE THE MAISTER, ME THINK IT WAR NOCHT THE RYCHT WAY OF GUDE GOVERNAUNCE. AND AS TO THAT, THAT HE IS HIS SOVERANE, THAT IS BUT WERE, FOR HE INQUERIS OF THE EMPEROURIS ELECTIOUN, QUHETHIR THE EMPEROUR AND LAUFULLY CHOSYN OR NOCHT, AND GIF HE BE, HE CONFERMYS HIM. AND GIF HE BE NOCHT, HE PUTTIS HIM FRA THAT DIGNITEE IMPERIALE, OR GIF HE BE ANE UNWORTHY PERSONE, AND UNHABLE THARTO, OR GIF THAT HE DOIS ONY THING THAT IS AGAYNIS THE MAJESTEE IMPERIALE, HE DEGRADIS HIM. AND THARFORE IS IT NA WERE, NA DOUT THAT, SUPPOS THE EMPEROURE WALD RAIS WERE AGAYNIS THE PAPE OR THE KIRK, HIS SUBJECTIS AW NOCHT TO OBEY TO HIM IN THAT, FOR DOUTLES THARE SULD NA SUBJECT OBEY TILL HIS SOVERANE TO WERREY AGAYNIS HIS GOD, OR HIS VICARE, NA HIS COMMANDEMENTIS. AND NAMELY IN THE REBELLIOUN OR PERSECUCIOUN OF HALY KIRK, TO DO OFFENCE TILL HIS GOD, AND BREKING OF HIS COMMANDEMENTIS, FOR THAT WAR A KYNDE OF HERISY, TO THE QUHILK NANE SULD OBEYE, (ETC) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR THE PAPE MAY MAK (MARG) ( CAPITULUM VJ ) (END OF MARG) WERE ON THE EMPEROUR TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN HE ARGUYS FIRST THAT NAY, THAT IS TO SAY, HE MAY NOCHT LAUFULLY MAK WERE APON HIM, FOR QUHY, A KINGIS PROVOST MAY HAVE NA MARE POWER NA HAS HIS MAISTER. BOT THE PAPIS MAISTER, JHESU CRIST, COMMANDIT NEVER WERE AGAYNE HIS INYMYES, BOT BAD SANCT PETIR, QUHEN HE WAS TANE THAT HE STRAKE OF MALCUS ERE, THAT HE SULD PUT AGAYNE THE SUERD IN THE SCALBURDE. AND THAN BE RESOUN, SANCT PETIR THAT IS HIS PROVOST, SULD NOCHT EXCEDE HIS MAISTER BE RESOUN. AND ZIT MARE. CRIST SAID TILL HIS APOSTLIS BEHALD, SAID HE, THE KINGIS AND PRINCIS OF THE PEPLE, HOW THAI HALD THAME AS LORDIS OF THE PEPLE. BOT I WILL NOCHT THAT ZE DO SA. BOT QUHA EVER OF ZOW BE FIRST, THAT HE BE LAWEST SERVITOUR TO ZOW. AND THAREBY SCHAWIS HE THAT HE WALD HAVE THAIM NA LORDIS HERE. AND GIF THE PAPE HAS NA LORDSCHIP HERE, HOW SULD HE MAK WERE THAN APON THE EMPEROUR, OR JUGE HIM, OR ONY JURISDICTIOUN HAVE APON HIM. AND ZIT WITH THAT, THE APOSTLE PAULE BIDDIS US NOCHT DEFEND US, BOT OURCUM MALICE WITH VERTU OF PACIENCE. AND MEN WATE WELE THAT IT IS NA POYNT OF PACIENCE TO MAK WERE, ( ERGO, ETC). TO THE QUHILK THINGIS IT MAY BE ANSUERD THAT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THIR RESSOUNIS BE APPERANCE AR GUDE, ZIT MAY THAI HALD NA FUT IN LAUTEE. FOR AND THE PAPE SAW THE EMPEROUR OUTHIR HERETIKE OR ZIT SCISMATIKE, OR THAT HE OCCUPYIT WRANGWISLY THE KIRK GUDE, OR OURTHREW WRANGWISLY THE LEGIS OF THE PAPALITEE, THE QUHILKIS AR PRIVILEGIT OF HIM AND HALY KIRK, IN THIR CASIS BUT DREDE, THE PAPE MAY DISCERN AND JUGE WERE TOBE MAID APON THE EMPEROUR LEFULLY AND LAUFULLY. AND TO HIM ALL GUDE CRISTYN PEPLE AR HALDYN TILL OBEY, AND HELP THE PAPE IN HIS WERIS AND NEDIS, AND TO SOCOUR AT THAIR POWERE THE LELE SUBJECTIS OF THE EMPYRE THAT HE WALD USURP APON, AS ANYS BEFELL IN THE TYME OF GUDE PAPE ALEXANDER THE THRYD IN THAT NAME. THE QUHILK PAPE ALEXANDER, THE EMPEROUR THAT WAS THAT TYME CHASSIT IN FRAUNCE. AGAYNIS THE QUHILK EMPEROUR, THE SAID PAPE MAID PROCESS, AND DEPRIVIT HIM OF THE DIGNITEE IMPERIALLE BE SENTENCE DIFFINITIVE, AND ORDANYT AND CHARGIT AGAYN HIM THE GUDE KING OF FRAUNCE, THE QUHILK KING OF FRANCE REFUSIT NOCHT THE WERE AGAYNE THE EMPEROUR, AND COME TO HIS HONOUR THAREAPON, AND RESTORIT THE PAPE AGAYN IN HIS FREDOME. AND AS TO THE ARGUMENT THAT SAIS THAT GOD COMMANDIT SANCT PETIR TO STOU UP HIS SUERD IN HIS FURRELL, IT IS BOT LYTILL WORTH, FOR GOD WAS PURPOSIT ALLUTERLY TO THOLE DEDE FOR OURE SALVACIOUN, AND WALD NOCHT BE RESKEWIT BE NA HELP OF ERDLY MAN THARFRA. BOT HE SAIS NOCHT IN HALY WRITT THAT HE BAD SANCT PETIR PUT AWAY HIS SUERD, BOT BAD HIM PUT IT UP IN THE SCHETH, THE QUHILKIS SIGNYFYIS THAT HE WALD IT WAR KEPIT FOR THE TYME TOCUM: FOR AS FOR THAT DAY, HE WALD NOCHT DEFEND HIM AGAYN THE DEDE, FOR AND HIM LIST, HE MYCHT HAVE HAD MONY A LEGIOUN OF ANGELIS TO SAUF HIM FRA THAIR POWER. BOT HE WALD AS THAN TAK HIS PASSIOUN IN PACIENCE FOR MANNIS SAULE TO REDEME. AND AS TO THE LAVE OF THE ARGUMENTIS, TREWLY, SUPPOS THAI BE UNDERSTANDIN BE THE APOSTLIS, THAI AR NOCHT UNDERSTANDIN AGAYNE THE PRIVILEGE OF SANCT PETIR, FOR DREDELES HE HAS POWER OUR ALL ERDELY MAN TO DEME AND JUGE THAME, AND AR UNDER HIS JURISDICCIOUN AS VERRAY VICARE AND STEDE HALDARE TILL OUR LORD JHESU CRIST, OF ALL THAT TAKIS SAULE RESONABLE IN ERDE AND SA, TO THE (MARG)AS WE SAY THAT HALDIS OF HYM(END OF MARG) PURPOS HE MAY MAK WERE APON THE EMPEROURE, OR ONY OTHIR REBELLOURE TO THE KIRK, IN THE CAS BEFORE NAMYT, (ETC). HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHILKIS THINGIS AR MAIST (MARG) ( CAPITULUM VIJ ) (END OF MARG) NEDEFULL TO THE BATAILL AND SPEDEFULL. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN HE ANSUERIS THAT THARE IS TWA THINGIS THAT AR MAIST NEDEFULL TO THE BATAILL. THE FIRST IS THE DUK OF THE BATAILLE THAT IS CALLIT THE LEDARE OF THE BATAILL, THAT MEN CALLIS NOW CONSTABLE, OR MARSCHALL IN HIS ABSENCE, TO THE GOVERNAUNCE OF THE OST. THE SECUND NEDEFULL THING IS GUDE REUGLE, AND GUDE ORDYNAUNCE. THE QUHILKIS TWA THINGIS MAKIS ALL THE GUDENES OF THE FELDE IN BATAILL. ANENT THE QUHILKIS WE FYND BE ANCIENT CUSTUMES OF WERIS THRE ORDYNANCIS OF BATAILLIS. OFF QUHILKIS THE FIRST IS CALLIT LEGIOUN, AND IT SULD HAVE IN LEGIOUN SEVIN HARDY CHIFTAYNIS, WITH SEVIN THOUSAND FUT MEN, AND SEVIN THOUSAND HORS MEN AND ( XIX ). ANE OTHIR ORDINANCE WAS CALLIT A COMPANY, THE QUHILK SULD HAVE TWENTY THOUSAND MEN OF FUT MEN, AND FYVE HUNDRETH OF HORS MEN. THE THRID ORDINAUNCE WAS CALLIT A CINQUANTINERE, AND IT SULD HAVE FYVE HUNDRETH AND (LV) OF FUT MEN,AND (LXVIJ) OF HORS MEN. AND THIS SET, EFTER ANE ORDYNANCE THAT CLERKIS HAS IN WRYTT IN THE ALDE LAWIS, BE THE ANCIENT CUSTUMES OF WERIS. NATHELES ALL SIK MANER OF NAMYS OF ORDINANCIS AR LEFT NOW ON DAYES, FOR ALL IS CALLIT NOW BATAILL, HOW EVER IT BE. AND THAT IS AT THE PLESAUNCE OF THE CHIFTAYNIS, OUTHIR CONSTABLE OR MARESCHALL, OR OTHIR GOVERNOUR OF BATAILLIS EFTER, AS THAI HAVE FOLK BOT IT IS SPEDEFULL TILL US TO WIT THE PROPERTEE OF THE FOUNDEMENT OF THE BATAILL. OFF QUHILKIS THARE IS TWA, THE TANE IS FORCE, THE TOTHIR IS ARMOURIS, THE QUHILKIS QUHEN THAT WANTIS, THE BATAILL IS LYTILL WORTH, GIF THE MEN BE OUTHIR WAYKE MEN, OR ALDE MEN, OR SEKE MEN, OR OUR ZONG. AND THARFORE WAS IT GEVIN BE CHARGE TO THE PRINCIS AND DUKKIS OF THE BATAILL THAT THAI SULD TAK THE STARKEST MEN, AND MAIST WORTHY IN WERIS AGAYNIS THAIR INYMYES OF THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL. AND AS LANGAND THE TOTHIR OF THE FOUNDEMENTIS, THAT IS ARMOURIS, DOUTLES A MAN THAT IS OUTHIR UNARMYT, OR EVILL ARMYT MAY NOCHT HALD FELDE IN BATAILL PLACE, BOT HE SULD SONE BE DEDE. ITEM, THARE IS IN BATAILL THRE MANERIS OF FOLK, THAT IS TO SAY, HORS MEN, FUT MEN, AND SCHIP MEN. AND LANGAND TO THE FUT MEN, ALL GUDE CONSTABLE SULD PUT HIS FUT MEN IN STARK PLACE, OUTHIR HILL, OR OTHIR STRENTH THAT WAR STRAYTE CUMMYN, AND THE HORS MEN NERE THE FUT MEN UPON A PLAYNE PLACE, AND ALS THE SCHIP MEN EFTER THE PLACE AND THE SITUACIOUN OF THE TOUN, OR, (ETC). HERE FOLOWIS A QUESTIOUN, HOW HE SULD KNAW QUHAT (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THING EFFERIS TILL A GUDE KNYCHT TO DO, AND QUHAT THING (MARG) ( CAPITULUM VIIJ) (END OF MARG) HIM BELANGIS PRINCIPALY. TO THE QUHILKIS ANSUERIS THE DOCTOUR THAT TILL A GUDE KNYCHT EFFERIS TO KEPE WELE HIS ATHE AND HIS LAUTEE TILL HIS MAISTER AND HIS MAISTERIS LORDE. AND COMMONLY THAY SUERE THAT THAI SALL DO ALL AND SYNDRY THE THINGIS THAT THAIR LORD COMMANDIS THAME TO DO AS TO THE DEFENS OF HIS CONTREE EFTER HIS RYCHTIS, AND EFTER THE COURS OF THE COMMOUN LAWIS, AND HIS PRIVILEGIS AND TREULY HE IS NA GUDE NA TREW KNYCHT THAT, FOR ONY DOUBT OF DEDE OR OTHIR FORTUNE OR AVENTURE, LEVIS TO DEFEND HIS LORDIS RYCHTIS, OR HIS LANDIS, BOT HE IS BATHE TRAYTOURE AND MANESUORNE. AND NEXT, THAT A KNYCHT AW TO BE OBEYSAUNT TILL QUHAM THAT HIS LORDE, PRINCE, OR MAISTER ORDANIS TO BE GOVERNOUR OF THE BATAILL IN HIS STEDE, OR GOVERNOUR OF THE OST, QUHILK GIF HE DOIS NOCHT, HE SULD NOCHT BE CALLIT A GUDE KNYCHT, BOT ANE ORGUILLOUS, HYCHTY, AND PRYDY REBELLOURE UNWORTHY. AND AS TILL (MARG)QUHAT PERTENIS ANE KNYCHT TO DO(END OF MARG) ANE GUDE KNYCHT THAT IS AT A LORDIS FEE OR WAGIS, HE SULD SETT ALL HIS STUDY TILL ARM HIM AT POYNT, AND HORS HIM, AND AY BE REDY AT BIDDING OF HIS OUR-MEN TO DO HIS HONOUR AND CHARGE OF HIS LORD, QUHILK, GIF HE GAYNSTANDIS OR REBELLIS TILL, HE TYNIS HIS HEDE, BE THE LAW OF ARMES. FOR TREWLY THE KNYCHTIS AR NOUTHIR ORDANYT TO LABOUR CORNIS, NA GROUVE THE WYNIS, NA TO KEPE BESTIS OTHIR NA HORS, TILL ORDANE, NA ZIT HE SULD NOCHT DRESSE NANE INSICHT IN HOUSIS, NA BE NA STEWART, NA PROCURATOUR, NA ADVOCATE, OR ONY OTHIR VILLAYN CRAFT, QUHILKIS GIF HE DOIS OTHIR WAYIS NA HIS ORDRE REQUERIS, HE AW TO TYNE THE PRIVILEGIS OF KNYCHTHEDE. ALSSUA A KNYCHT AW NOCHT TO BY LANDIS, NA LORDSCHIPPIS, NOR NANE WYNIS, CROFTIS, NA HERETAGIS, IN THE TYME THAT HE TAKIS ONY PRINCIS OR LORDIS WAGIS FOR GIF HE DOIS, ALL SULD BE ACHET TO THE LORD. FOR THARE SULD NOUTHIR KNYCHT NA GUDE MAN OF WERE SET HIM FOR AVARICE, NA COVATIS OF WYNNYNG OF GUDIS ENDURAND THE TYME OF THE WERIS, NA DESIRE TO BE RICHIT QUHILL OUTHIR THE FELDE BE WONNYN OR TYNT, AND THE WERE ENDIT. HERE FOLOWIS QUHAT THINGIS EFFERIS TO THE DUK OF (MARG) ( CAPITULUM IV ) (END OF MARG) THE BATAILL, THE QUHILKIS AR CALLIT THE GRETE CONSTABLE OR MARESCHALL, TO THE QUHILKIS IT EFFERIS TO GEVE MEN LEVE TO PAS IN THAIR NEDEFULL ERANDIS QUHARE THAI HAVE ADO. FOR BUT THAIR LEVE, THARE MAY NA MAN OF ARMIS LEVE THE OST UNDER THE PAYNE OF DEDE. AND HE SULD CHARGE THAME TO RYDE BE ORDRE AND ORDINAUNCE HALD, AS IS TANE TO COUNSAILE FOR THE LORDIS PROUFFIT PRINCIPALE, AND HIS HONOURE. AND ALS HE SULD WELE TAK TENT THAT OUT OF HIS LORDIS LAND SULD PAS NOUTHIR HORS NA MEN TILL OTHIR CONTREE IN ARMES NA WEREFARE, BUT ORDINAUNCE. AND ALSSUA SULD HE SEND AND SE THAT NA KNYCHTIS, NA MEN OF ARMES SULD BYDE BEHYND IN CASTELLIS NA FORTRESSIS, BOT ALL SULD PAS WITH HIM, BOT THAI THAT HE ORDANYT TO BYDE FOR THE KEPING. NA ZIT SULD HE NOCHT SEND HIS MEN TO FISCHING NA FOULYNG. AND ALSSUA IT EFFERIS TO THE CONSTABLE TO KEPE THE KEYIS OF THE CASTELLIS AND WALLIT TOWNIS QUHARE HE CUMMYS, AND TO MAK GUDE WACHE AND WARDE BATHE NYCHT AND DAY. AND ALS TILL HIM IT EFFERIS TO GER KEPE

THE MESURIS AND WECHTIS AMANG MERCHANDIS, THAT HIS MEN BE NOCHT DISSAVIT IN THE SELLYNG OF LYFING TO THAME, AND THAIR SERVANDIS, AND THAIR BESTIS. AND THE PUNYCIOUN OF THAME THAT HALDIS WRANG MESURIS AND WECHTIS EFFERIS TO THE CONSTABLE, TO CORRECT AND PUNYS THAME EFTIR THAIR DEMERITIS, AND THE QUANTITEE OF THE TRESPASS. AND ALSSUA IT EFFERIS TO THE CONSTABLE TO HERE ALL QUESTIOUNIS, QUERELIS, AND COMPLAYNTIS OF HIS MENZE AND THAIR ANERDARIS, AND TO DO JUSTICE AND RESOUN TO ALL PARTIS COMPLENZEAND, AND DECIDE ALL DEBATIS, NOYSES, AND RYOTIS THAT IN THE OST IS MOVIT. AND ZIT MARE EFFERIS TO THE CONSTABLE TO VISYTE THE HURT MEN AND SEKE MEN, AND TO GER PURVAY FOR THAME LECHIS, AND MEDICINARIS. AND THAT IS EXPRESLY DECLARIT IN THE LAWIS CIVILE. AND TO HIM ALS EFFERIS AT ALL PERILOUS PASSAGIS, TO SE TO THE PASSING OF THE OST THAT NANE BE PERIST AT EVILL PORTIS, NA PASSAGIS, NA RYVERIS, NA WAYKE BRIGGIS. AND ALS THAT NANE PAS OUT OF SICHT OF THE OST IN TYME OF PERILE TO BE TYNT. AND GIF IT HAPNIS THAT SPEDEFULL BE SENE TO THE CONSALE TO MAK CASTELL, OR FORTRESS FOR SEKERNES, OR SEURTEE OF MEN OR CONTREE, IT MON BE WELE AVISIT THAT IT BE NERE WOD AND GUDE WATER, THAT IT BE NOCHT OUR HYE SET, NA OUR NERE THE SEE, OR IN OUR HARDE DRY TERRITOIRE, OR OUR MYRY ERDE, OR FULL OF GARE IN TYME OF RAYN, OR ZIT QUHARE THE SPATE WATERIS OF THE GRETE MOUNTANIS MAY SUDAYNLY CUM TILL INFEST THE OST AND DISLOGE THAME. FOR THIR AR THE APYNIOUNIS AND THE DOCTRINE OF ANE CALLIT VECTOIT, A DOCTOUR, AS IS REHERSIT IN THE BUKE OF THE ORDER OF KNYCHTHEDE. ALS IT APPERTENIS TO THE CONSTABLE TO REVENGE THE HARMYS DONE TO HIS KNYCHTIS AND HIS MEN OF WERE, AND THAIR INJURIS. ALS IT EFFERIS WELE TILL A CONSTABLE TO BE WYS AND VERTY, AND WELE AVISIT IN ALL HIS DEDIS, AND, NAMELY, IN THE GOVERNAUNCE OF WERIS AND BATAILLIS, BATHE SPECIALE, AND GENERALE, AND THAT EFTER THE CONTREE, AND THE PLACE, AND THE PERSONE, THE TYME, THE HOURE, AND THE FOLK,

AND BE WELE AVISIT QUHAT FOLK HE TAKIS TILL HIS COUNSAILE, AND QUHAT FOLK HE MAY BEST HELP HIM WITH, AS THAT DAY. FOR IN SIK PLACE MAY BE THAT FOLK ON FUT IS BETTER NA HORS EFTER THE CONSIDERACIOUN OF THE CONSTABLE AND HIS COUNSALE, THE QUHILK, IN THE LAW CIVILE, IS CALLIT THE DUK OF BATAILL, AND IN THE BIBLE ALSSUA. THE QUHILK SULD DO JUSTICE TILL ALL MEN THAT AR PLAYNTIS OF HIS MEN AS TO MERCHANDIS AND VITALARIS OF THE OST AND OTHERIS, QUHILK GIF HE DOIS NOCHT HE BREKIS HIS COMPANY. HERE HE SPERIS QUHY AND FOR QUHAT CAUS KNYCHTIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) SULD BE PUNYST. TO THE QUHILK IS SAID, THAT FOR STRYKING (MARG) ( CAPITULUM X) (END OF MARG) OF THE PROVOST OF THE OST, QUHILK IS CALLIT THE PROVOST OF THE MARESCHAULIS IN FRANCE, AND IN SCOTLAND THE CONSTABLE DEPUTE, THE QUHILKIS QUHA EVER STRYKIS WITH WAPPIN OR OTHIR VILLAYNIS MANZE, BE THE LAW OF ARMES HE TYNIS THE HEDE THAT DOIS IT. AND RYCHT SA, HE THAT REBELLIS TO THE PRINCE, OR TO HIM THAT IS HIS CONSTABLE, OR MARESCHALE, OR OTHIR DEPUTE TO GOVERNE THE OST, SULD, BE THE LAW OF ARMES, TYNE THE HEDE. ALSSUA QUHA EVER TAKIS FIRST THE FLICHT, TO FLEE FRA THE BATAILL, THE CHIFTANE BYDAND IN FELDE, SULD TYNE HIS HEDE. AND ALSSUA, QUHEN ONY IS SEND IN MESSAGE TO THE INYMYES, AND HE DISCOVER THE SECRETIS OF THE OST TO THE INYMYES, AW TO TYNE HIS HEDE, OR THE SECRETIS OF HIS LORD OUTHIR. ALSSUA HE THAT STRYKIS HIS FALOW BUT CAUS RESONABLE, AW TO TYNE HIS HEDE, ALSSUA QUHA EVER SLAIS HIM SELF AW TO TYNE HIS HEDE. ALSSUA HE THAT DEFENDIS NOCHT HIS CAPITANE, IN HIS DEFAULT SULD TYNE HIS HEDE. ALSSUA HE THAT BREKIS ORDINAUNCE OF BATAILL ATOUR HIS INHIBICIOUN OF THE PRINCE OR HIS CONSTABLE OR LIEVETERIS, SUPPOS HE PAS TO DO SUM PUGNY OF WERE THAT BE PROUFFITABLE TO HIS LORDE, THAT SAVIS HIM NOCHT, AS OFT DOIS HAUTANE PROUD-HARTIT MEN TO WYN LOS IN ARMES, MARE FOR PRIDE NA FOR PROW, THE QUHILK IS RYCHT EVILL DONE, TO LEVE THAIR BATAILL. QUHILKIS FOR NA GUDE THAI MYCHT DO THARE SULD BE SAVIT, BOT THAI SULD TYNE THAIR HEDE. ALSSUA QUHAT EVER KNYCHT THAT LETTIS PES TO BE MAID BETUIX THE LORDIS AW TO TYNE THE HEDE. ALSSUA HE THAT PROCURIS, OR ARTIS, OR NURISIS DISCORDIS, RUMOURIS, OR MORTALL FEDIS AND STANCHIS IT NOCHT GIF HE MAY DO, SULD TYNE THE HEDE. AND ZIT MARE QUHAT KNYCHT OR CAPITANE THAT TAKIS WAGIS OF A LORD AND LEVIS HIM OR HE HAVE MAID SERVICE DETFULLY THARFORE, HE SULD BE JUGIT TO BE DISTRUSSIT OF HORS AND GERE AND PAS AWAY ON FUT AS A FUT GROME. ALSSUA, GIF A KNYCHT OR CAPITANE MAKIS A GRETE BARGANE IN THE OST QUHILK BE PERILOUS FOR THE DIVISIOUN OF THE OST, AND GRETE SLAUCHTER OFF BATHE THE SYDIS, HE SULD TYNE HIS HEDE, GIF IT BE IN HIS DEFALT FUNDYN. AND HE THAT DEPARTIS FRA THE OST IN THE TYME OF SEMBLE, THAT IS FEID AND WRYTYN, SULD BE CONDAMPNYT TILL EVERMARE GANG ON FUT FRA THYNE FURTH, NA NEVER BE THOLIT TO RYDE ON HORS EFTERWART, BOT EVER ON FUT, BOT GIF THE LORD FOR CONSIDERACIOUN OF ALDE GUDE DONE SERVICE, DO HIM ONY GRACE FOR CAUS RESONABLE THAT HE MAY ALLEGE FOR HIM. FOR AND A KNYCHT OR OTHIR CAPITANE BE PUT TO JUGEMENT OF DEDE, FOR ONY OF THIR FORENAMYT CAUSIS, ALL HIS GUDIS AR FORFET AND CONFISKIT TO THE PRINCIPALE LORD OF THE WERIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR GIF STRENTH BE A (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XJ ) (END OF MARG) VERTU MORALE. AND FIRST HE PROVIS THAT IT IS NOCHT A VERTU MORALE. FOR QUHY? STRENTH IS A DISPOSICIOUN OF MANNIS BODY, BOT IT IS CLERE TILL ALL MENNIS UNDERSTANDING, THAT ALL VERTU MORALE OR CARDINALE PERTENIS TO THE SAULE BEHOVE, (ETC). AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN: FOR THE VERTUES OF THE BODY AR ALL SUBJECTIS TO THE VERTU OF THE SAULE, AS IS A THING OF LESS VALOUR. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, FOR ALL VERTU MORALE IS ANE UNDERSTANDING OF MESURE OF MANNIS CONDICIOUNIS, AND OF HIS WERKIS, OUTHIR ACTIVES OR PASSIVES. BOT THE FORTERESS CORPORALE BE HIM SELF, HAS NOUTHIR CONDICIOUN, NA PROPERTEE OF THAT THING, QUHARFORE IT MAY NOCHT BE VERTU MORALE. AND IN THIS MATER MEN MON WELE CONSIDER QUHAT THINGIS AR THE EXTREMITEIS OF FORCE, AND OF STRENTH. FOR I HALD THAT AS FOR MYN OPYNIOUN, THAT FULEHARDYNESSE IS THE TANE, AND REDDOUR IS THE TOTHIR. THAN PRAY I ZOW TO BEHALD IN ZOUR MYNDE, WITH ZOUR HERTIS EYNE, GIF HARDYNES OR REDDOUR BE ONY THING PERTENAND TO THE FORCE CORPORALE OF THE BODY, THAT IS TO SAY, GIF HARDYNES, OR COWARDIS CUM OF A STARK OR STRENTHY CORPS, THE QUHILK IS CLERE TILL UNDERSTAND THAT IT CUMMYS NOCHT THAROF, BOT IT CUMMYS OF THE HERT, AND OF THE MYNDE OF THE MAN THAT IS SET OUTHIR FOR HONOUR AND VERTU, OR FOR NOUTHIR. AND THUS BEHOVIS US GRAUNT THAT FORTERESS OF THE BODY, THAT IS TO SAY, STRENTH BODILY, IS NOCHT VERTU MORALE, BOT ANERLY THE FORCE OF THE SPIRIT. NOCHT THAN THE STRENTH OF THE BODY IS ANE OF THE FIRST FOUNDEMENTIS OF BATAILL. AND SYNE NEXT THAT, ARMOURIS, FOR THAI TWA THINGIS AR BATHE NEDEFULL AND SPEDEFULL TO GEVE BATAILL, FOR BATHE AR NEDEFULL TO BATAILL. AND QUHA WILL WELE UNDERSTAND THE THINGIS BEFORE SAID, THARE IS ALWAYIS IN EVERILK EXTREMITEE THARE IS VICE AND NA VERTU. FOR QUHY, IN OURE GRETE HARDINESS THARE IS AY SURQUIDYE, AND PRIDE, AND EXCESS, AND IN RADDOUR THARE CUMMYS FAYNTNES, AND FAILLING OF HERT, AND CAUSLES DOUT AND DREDE, THAT MAKIS OFT TYMES MEKLE SCATHE. FOR OFT TYMES MEN DOUTIS, QUHARE NA DOUT IS, NA CAUS OF DREDE, FOR GIF THARE WAR A CAPITANE IN A FORTERESS WITH FYFTY MEN OF ARMES, AND OTHIR FYFTY COME TO ASSEGE THAME, AND FOR DREDE OF THAI FYFTY WITHOUT, THE FYFTY THAT WAS WITHIN LEFT THE PLACE AND FLED. AND ALSSUA IT IS SURQUIDY, GIF A CAPITANE, WITH ( L. ) MEN OF ARMES, WALD ASSAILZE THRE HUNDRETH ALS GUDE, THAT WAR FULE HARDYNES, AND NA VERTU MORALE. BOT THAN IS VERTU MORALE IN THE MYDLYN WAY THAT IS CALLIT FORCE OF STRENTH, THE QUHILK IS TILL

ASSAILE, OR TO DEFEND RYPLY AND SADLY, WITH GUDE DELIBERACIOUN, AND GUDE AVISEMENT, VERTUOUSLY: AND THAT IS CALLIT HARDYNES, VERTU, THAT MEN CALLIS VERTU MORALL, QUHILK IS TO THE PURPOS. AND ALSSUA THE VERTU OF FORCE IS ALS WELE IN FLEAND AS IN FOLOWAND OR BYDAND. FOR HE THAT IS VERTUOUS IN THE VERTU OF THAT FORCE, IS AY TEMPERIT THAT HE EXCEDIS NOCHT, BOT KNAWIS HIS TYME, BATHE TO ASSAILE OR BYDE, FLEE OR FOLOWE, AND THAT IS VERTU MORALL. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF FORCE BE VERTU CARDINALE. (MARG)(CAPITULUM XIJ)(END OF MARG) OF THE QUHILK HE SAIS, FIRST, THAT IT IS NOCHT VERTU CARDINALE. AND THE RESOUN IS THIS, FOR AS THE DURE TURNIS ABOUT APON THE HERRE, AND IS SUSTENYT BE THE CRUKIS, AND VYRIS AND REVYRIS, AND HALDIS IT NEVERTHELES IN HIS RYCHT REULE, THAT IS, PAS NOCHT HIS MESURE, SA KEPIS THE VERTU CARDINALE THE ACTIVITEE, OR PASSIBILITEE OF MANNIS GOVERNAUNCE IN HIS LYF, AND LEDIS HIM THE HYE WAY OF VERTU AND VERITEE. BOT NOWCHT EVERY MAN THAT IS VERTUOUS IN THE VERTU OF FORCE SETTIS THAME NOCHT TO POURSU BATAILL, NA ZIT NOCHT ALL MEN THAT PURSEWIS BATAILL IS NOCHT CLED WITH THAT VERTU OF FORCE, NA ZIT IS NOCHT ALL FORSY OF PURSUYNG OR DEFENDING OF DEDE OF ARMES IS NOCHT VERTU CARDINALE. BOT ZIT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR ARGUMENTIS, FORCE THAT MEN CALLIS STRENTH OF CURAGE, IS VERTU CARDYNALE, FOR SA IS IT HALDIN IN SCIENCE NATURALE OF PHILOSOPHY MORALL, BE ALL OURE MAISTERIS AND DOCTOURIS, AS SAIS SENECA, THE QUHILK MAID A SPECIALE TRETY IN A BUKE OF ALL THE FOUR VERTUES CARDYNALIS. AND ALSSUA, TULLIUS SAIS THAT ILK, IN A BUKE THAT HE MAID CALLIT RETORIK, THE QUHILKIS ALL HALDIS THAT SUPPOS A MAN, OR SUPPOS EVERY HARDY SPIRITIT MAN POURSU NOCHT ALWAYIS TO BATAILL, FOR THAT, IT FOLOWIS NOCHT NA THAI HAVE IN THAIR CURAGE THE VERTU OF FORCE, THAT IS STRENTH OF CURAGE. AND RYCHT SA, SUPPOS A KNYCHT HAVE BENE AT THE WERIS LANG TYME HONOURABLY UNREPROVIT, AND SYNE CUM TILL HIS HAME, AND DUELL THARE ( X OR XIJ ) ZERIS, AND REST HIM, FORTHY IT FOLOWIS NOCHT NA THE VERTU OF FORCE, THAT IS STRENTH OF SPIRIT, IS ALSWELE IN HIS CURAGE THAN AS BEFORE. AND TREULY WAR NOCHT STRENTH AND FORCE OF CURAGE IN A MAN, THE LAVE OF HIS VERTUES WAR OF LITIL VALOUR, FOR ELLIS MYCHT HE NOCHT PERSEVERE IN OTHIR VERTUES. AND ALSA ANE OTHIR RESOUN IS, FOR THARE IS NA VERTU SA PROFFITABLE FOR MANNIS SAULE AS THE VERTUES CARDINALIS, FOR THAI AR LORDIS AND PRINCIS, LEDARIS AND GOVERNOURIS, AND REULE OF ALL VERTUES AND GUDE THEWIS AS KINGIS, PAPE, OR PRINCIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF THE DUK OF THE BATAILL BE TANE, QUHETHIR GIF ANY SULD SAVE HIM, HAVE MERCI OF HIM, AND RANSOUN HIM. AND AS TO THAT POYNT HE ARGEWIS, FIRST, THAT NAY, IT SULD NOCHT BE, AND THE CAUS BE RESOUN HE SCHAWIS, SAYAND THAT WE SE NATURALY ALL CHEIF CONTRAIR DESTROYIS HIS CONTRAIR QUHEN HE HAS OF IT THE MAISTRY, AS FYRE AND WATER, CALDE AND HATE, NEVER MARE HAS ANE PITEE NA MERCI OF ANE OTHIR, QUHILL ANE BE CONSUMYT. RYCHT SA THE HUND AND THE WOLF, THE CAT AND THE MOUS. FORTHY HIM THINKIS THAT RYCHT SA THE MAN ERAR SULD DESTROY HIS INYMY MORTALL, SEN HE HAS KNAULAGE AND RESOUN. ALSSUA SAIS THE LAW CIVILE, THAT FRA A MAN BE TANE IN BATAILLE, HE IS BONDE AND SCLAVE, THAT MAN THAT TAKIS HIM MAY DO WITH HIM AT HIS WILL. BOT LAW CANOUN IS IN THE CONTRAIR OF THIS RESOUN, SAYAND (MARG)NOTA OF A PRISONER(END OF MARG) THAT, INCONTYNENT, THAT MAN IS ZELDIN PRISONER, AND IN PRISOUN, OR IN THE HANDIS OF HIS MAISTER ZELDIT, AND THE WORD SAID, MERCI IS AUCHT HIM BE RESOUN. FOR WAR IT NOCHT HIS WILL TO SAVE IN TYME, HE HAD NOCHT TANE FAYTH OF HIM. AND THE LAW CANOUN SAIS, SEN IT PLESIT HIM ANYS, IT SULD NOCHT DISPLES HIM EFTERWART, BUT NEW CAUS, ( QUIA QUOD SEMEL PLACUIT, AMPLIUS DISPLICERE NON DEBET. ) AND THUS HE DOIS HIM WRANG, AND HE SLA HIM EFTER THAT HE BE ZELDIT. AND ZIT ANE OTHIR MARE STARK RESOUN IS

FOR THE DECREIS SAIS THAT GIF A MAN VENCUS ANE OTHIR, HE SULD FORGEVE HIM AS HE WALD BE FORGEVIN. AND THAN WRANGIS HE HIM TO SLA HIM EFTER. AND ALSSUA, BATHE THE LAW OF GOD, AND MAN, AND THEOLOGY SAIS THAT GIF THE DUK OF THE BATAILL BE TANE, HE SULD HAVE MERCI AND GRACE, BOT GIF IT WAR SA THAT MEN WAR SEKER BE HIM TO (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) HAVE MARE STARK WERE, NABUT HIM. AND BE THIS CAUS, THE GUDE KING CHARLES OF NAPLES GERT PUT TO DEDE A CHIFTANE CALLIT CORRADIN, AND GERT STRIKE OF HIS HEDE, BE CAUS HE WIST WELE, AND HE HAD SCAPIT, HE WALD NOCHT HAVE CESSIT TO MAK HIM STARKARE WERE THAN BEFORE. AND THAT HE GERT DO BE LAW OF ARMES, AND SENTENCE IN JUDGEMENT. FOR ALL THE COUNSALE SAID HALELY, THAT ALS LANG AS HE LYVIT THE WERE SULD NEVER END, NA NEVER SULD BE GUDE PES IN THE REALME OF NAPLES. FOR CERTAYNLY, FRA A MAN BE TANE, HE THAT TAKIS HIM MAY, BE THE LAW CIVILE, DO AS HIM LYKIS WITH HIM. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF THAT A MAN BE TANE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XIV )(END OF MARG) PRISONARE, QUHETHIR SULD HE HALD PRISOUN WITH HIM THAT TAKIS HIM, OR WITH THE LORD THAT PAYIS HIM WAGE, THA IS TO SAY, GIF HE WAR A GRETE PRISONARE, AS A CHEF OF WERIS. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN HE ARGEWIS THUS, SAYAND AS BEFORE THAT FRA A PRISOUNARE BE TANE, THE TAKARE MAY DO WITH HIM QUHAT EVER HIM LYKIS, BE THE LAW CIVILE. AND SA, BE THAT RESOUN, THE TAKARE THAT IS SOWDIOURE, SULDE KEPE HIM PRISONARE. THE QUHILK RESOUN NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, IT IS HALDIN BE THE LAWIS OF ARMES, AND THE CUSTUMES OF THE WERIS, THAT THE LORD THAT PAYIS THE WAGIS, SULD HAVE ALL THE GRETE PRISONARIS AT HIS DISPOSICIOUN. AS BE THE DECREIS, SAYAND THAT, SEN THAI AR AT HIS WAGIS AND COSTIS, ALL SULD BE AT HIS WILL PRISONARIS AND PILLAGIS, TO PART AT HIS WILL, QUHARE HIM BEST THINKIS WORTHY. AND SUPPOS ONY WALD SAY THE CONTRAIR, THAI MAY NOCHT SUSTENE IT BE NA LAWIS WRYTYN. FOR GIF IT MYCHT BE SA THAT A GUDE PRISONARE SULDE BE

THE TAKARIS, HE SULD THAN HAVE ALS WELE A GUDE CASTELL, OR GUDE WALLIT TOUN, OR LORDSCHIP THAT HE MYCHT PER CAS WYN, AND RYCHT SA ANE OTHIR CHIFTANE, AND SA WAR THE LORDIS WYNNYNG RYCHT SMALL AT THE LAST, GIF ILKANE SULD HAVE ALL THAT HE WYNNIS. QUHARFORE, THE LAW HAS ORDANYT THAT THE LORD THAT PAYIS THE WAGIS SULD HAVE THE CONQUESTIS HALELY AT HIS WILL, AND DISPOSICIOUN, TO GEVE AND DEPART AT HIS LIST. FOR IT THAT HE WYNNIS HE WYNNIS WITH HIS AWIN FORCE, NA THROU HIS AWIN PRUDENCE, NA WIT, NA COSTIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR THE VASSALLIS SULD PAS TO THE WERIS ON THAIR AWIN COST, OR ON THAIR LORDIS COST. AND TO ANSUERE TO THIS POYNT, WE MON FIRST WIT HOW MONY POYNTIS CONTENIS THE ATH OF FEAUTEE, THE QUHILK, EFTER THE DECREIS, CONTENIS SEX POYNTIS, BE BATHE CIVILE AND CANOUN LAW. OF THE QUHILKIS SEX POYNTIS, THE FIRST IS THAT HE SALL NEVER BE QUHARE SCATHE IS DONE TO HIS LORDIS PERSONE. THE SECUND POYNT: THAT HE SALL NEVER BE AT SCATHE OF HIS SECRETIS, NA HIS COMMANDEMENTIS, OF THE QUHILKIS HIS LORD HALDIS HIM SEURE. THE THRID: THAT HE SALL NOCHT BE AT HIS SCATHE OF HIS JUSTICE, NA OF OTHIR THING THAT PERTENIS TILL HIS HONOURE, NA HIS HONESTEE. THE FERDE: HE SUERIS THAT, GIF THARE BE ONY THING THAT HIS LORD HAS ADO, THAT ETHE AND LICHTLY MAY BE DONE, HE SALL NOCHT HYNDER IT, NA GER IT BE LETTIT, OR TO BE DONE WITH GRETTER COST OR DEFICULTEE. THE FYFT: THAT HE SALL NOCHT BE AT HIS SCATHE OF HIS MOBLE GUDIS, NA HERITAGIS. THE SEXT IS, THAT HE SALL NOCHT MAK OF POSSIBLE THING INPOSSIBLE, THAT IS TO SAY, THAT GIF THARE BE ONY THING PERTENAND TILL HIS LORD THAT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO BE DONE, HE SALL NOCHT TRAIT IT TO BE IMPOSSIBLE TILL HIM AT HIS POWAR. THAN THUS THE VASSALL SUERIS THAT HE SALL NOCHT MAK IT THAT IS EITH, AND ESY TO BE DONE, HE SALL NOCHT MAK IT TO BE DONE WITH MARE DIFFICULTEE, OR TO MAK IT INPOSSIBLE TO BE DONE, BOT TO

MAK WERE, BUT HIS VASSALLIS, OR BUT THAIR HELP, IT IS BATHE WITH GRETARE DEFICULTEE, AND TO DO IT SA WELE AS WITH THAME IT IS UNPOSSIBLE TO THAIR LORD. AND THARFORE, AND HE MAK NOCHT WERE WITH HIS LORD, HE IS MANESUORNE, FOR HIS LORD, BUT MEN, IS BOT A PERSONE. ALSSUA, GOD SAIS IN HIS EWANGELE THAT HE THAT IS NOCHT WITH HIM IS AGAYNIS HIM, AND HE THAT GADERIS NOCHT WITH HIM SCAYLIS. AND THUS, GIF THE VASSALLIS BE NOCHT WITH THAIR LORD THAI AR AGAYNIS HIM, AND SCAILIS HIS GUDIS. ALSSUA, GIF THE VASSALL WILL NOCHT GA WITH HIS LORD BUT HIS WAGIS, QUHAT IS HIS LORDE, THAN, MARE BEHALDIN TILL HIM NA TILL ANE OTHIR SOWDIOURE? AND AS TO THAT, AS MEN MAY ARGU, SUPPOS A VASSALL SULD PAS WITH HIS LORDE, ON HIS AWIN COST, SUPPOS THE CAUS BE RYCHTWIS, ZIT GUDE FAITH WALD THAT HE HAD SUM KNAULAGE OF SONDE OF WAGE, BUT GIF IT WAR, BE THE CUSTUME OF THE CONTREIS, THAT THE VASSALLIS WAR SA CUSTUMYT, OR OBLIST BE CERTAYN CONDICIONIS OR ACORDANCIS OF OTHIR TYMES, AND THIS IS THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE DOCTOURIS. AND THIS IS THE RESOUN FOR QUHY, QUHETHIR THAT IT BE PES OR WERE, THE LORDIS TAKIS THAIR RENTIS AND FERMES OF THAIR MEN AND THAIR TENANDIS. AND THAN SULD HE LYVE APON THAI RENTIS, AND DEFEND HIS LANDIS AND POSSESSIONIS, AND PAY HIS WAGEOURIS WITH HIS MALIS AND RENTIS. BOT ZIT WILL WE NOCHT SAY NA GIF THE KING HAD NEDE TO HAVE HELP TO DEFEND HIS REALME FOR THE COMMON PROUFFIT OF THE CONTREE, AND THE DEFENCE OF HIS PLACIS, AND HIS PERSONE, NA ALL MEN SULD HELP HIM, GIF HE HAD NEDE, AND HAD NOCHT SUFFICIANDLY TO MAK WERE WITH. BOT SUPPOS THE KING WALD SETT HIM (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) TO MAK WERE APON A LORD OF HIS AWIN CONTREE, QUHETHIR IT WAR RYCHT OR WRANG HIS MEN SULD NOCHT BE BEHALDIN TO HELP HIM ON THAIRE AWIN COST. FOR DEFENCE OF THE KINGIS PERSOUN, AND HIS LANDIS, AND PLACIS, AND OF THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT OF THE REALME IS FER MARE PRIVILEGIT NA IS ONY RYCHTWIS QUERELE OF PURSUYNG, OR WERE MAKING TILL HIS AWIN LEGIS. BOT NATHELES, GIF IT HAPNYT THAT

HIM BEHOVIT TAK HELP OF HIS LEGIS, HE SULDE KEPE HIM WELE THAT HE TUKE THAT HELP SA CURTAISLY THAT IT WAR NOUTHIR DISHERISOUN, NA HERISCHIP TO THAME, NA FOR TO RICH HIM SELF, NA TO LAY IN TRESOUR. FOR GIF HE WALD SA DO, HE WALD BE CONDAMPNYT BE THE GRETE JUGE, THE QUHILK IS JUGE TO KINGIS. AND THARFORE GIF HE WILL BE GODDIS FRENDE, AND LUFE WELE HIS AWIN SAULE, HE SULD LYVE ON HIS AWIN RENTIS, AND MAK THAROF HIS COSTIS ON HIS WERIS. AND GIF THARE BE ONY OF HIS COUNSALE THAT GEVIS HIM COUNSALE TO MAK WERIS, AND TO PUT UP TAILLIES AND TYRRANYES APON HIS LEGIS, HE SULD NOCHT HERE HIM, BOT HALD HIM AS ANE UNWORTHY AND FALS COUNSAILOURE, AND FOR HIS INYMY MORTALL, FOR HE WALD GER HIM TYNE THE HERTIS OF HIS PEPLE, AND SLAKE FRA HIM THE GRETE LUFE THAT HIS FOLK HAS TO THAIR KING. AND THIS IS THE DOCTRYNE THAT THE NOBLE PHILOSOPHOUR ARESTOTIL GAVE TO KING ALEXANDER THE GRETE IN THE BUKE THAT MEN CALLIS THE SECRETE OF SECRETIS. AND BE CAUS, IN SUM OTHIR PARTY OF THIS BUKE, I THINK TO SPEKE MARE OF THIS MATER, THARFORE I PAS MARE LICHTLY AT THIS TYME. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR ONY LORDIS MEN AR (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BEHALDYN TO HELP THAIR LORDE AGAYNE THAIR KING, AS GIF THE (MARG)C( CAPITULUM XVJ ) (END OF MARG) KING OF SPAYNZE WALD MAK WERE AGAYNIS A BAROUN OF HIS REALME THAT IS HIS SUBJECT AND HALDIS HIS LAND OF HIM, THE QUHILK BAROUN CHARGIS HIS MEN TO RYS AND MAK WERE WITH HIM AGAYNE HIS KING, OR THAT THAI HELP HIM TILL HIS WERIS MAKING. TO THE QUHILK HE ANSUERIS, SAYAND, THAT THAI SULD HELP HIM AGAYNIS THAIR KING AND THAT THAI DO NA MYS IN THAT AGAYNIS THAIR KING. FORTHY THAT, SUPPOS THE BAROUN BE THE KINGIS MAN, THE BAROUNIS MEN AR NOCHT MEN TO THE KING, FOR MEN SAIS, HE THAT IS MAN TO MY MAN, SULD BE NOCHT ALS BE MY MAN. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, QUHEN THE BAROUN MAKIS HOMAGE TO THE KING, HE MAKIS NANE HOMAGE FOR HIS MEN TO THE KING, BOT FOR HIS AWIN PERSONE. ALSSUA QUHEN THE MAN MAKIS HOMAGE TO THE BAROUN OR OTHIR LORD, HE SUERIS TO BE WITH HIM AGAYNIS ALL PERSONE THAT MAY DEE AND LYVE, AND THARE MAKIS HE NANE EXCEPCIOUN OF THE KING: AND THAN WAR IT LYKE THING THAT THE MAN SULDE BE WITH HIS LORD AGAYNIS HIS KING. AND ZIT MARE, BE ALL RESOUN NATURALE A PURE MAN MAY ALSWELE HELP HIM SELF WITH HIS GUDIS AS A RICH MAN MAY WITH HIS GRETE GUDIS, QUHY SULD NOCHT, THAN, THE BAROUN HELP HIM SELFF AGAYNE HIS KING, AS THE KING AGAYNE HIM? AND NOCHT THAN, THAT MONY ARGUMENTIS MAY BE MAID IN THIS MATER, ZIT HALDIS ALL OURE DOCTOURIS THE CONTRAIR HALELY, AND THARFORE WILL WE NOCHT LANG PLEDE IN THE MATER CONTRAIR, FOR IT IS FUNDYN IN THE LAWIS THAT IT AW TOBE,SUPPOS MEN MAK THIR ARGUMENTIS. BOT THE CONTRAIR OPYNIOUN IS ALL VERRAY SUTHE, FOR QUHEN EVER A BAROUN RISIS TO MAK WERE ON HIS KING, OR REBELL HIM IN ONY THING TOCUM AGAYNIS HIM, HE FALLIS IN THE CRIME OF LESE MAGESTE, AND IN THE PAYNE OF IT, FOR WE MON GRAUNT THAT THE KING IS PRINCE OF ALL HIS REALME, AND LORD OF ALL MEN AND LORDIS. QUHARFORE THE FOLK OF HIS REALME MISDOIS MEKLE TO RYS AGAYNIS HIM. FOR QUHEN HE RISIS AGAYNIS HIS KING HE IS MANESUORNE. AND THARFORE HIS MEN SULD NOCHT HALD WITH HIM IN HIS SYN TO MANETENE HIM, NA SUSTENE HIM IN HIS MANESUERING. FOR THE LAW IN THE DECREIS SAIS IT IS NOCHT GUDE HELP QUHEN ANE HELPIS ANE OTHIR TO DO SYN. AND QUHEN IT IS ARGEWIT THAT THE BAROUNIS VASSALLIS SUERIS TO HELP HIS LORD AGAYNE ALL MEN, THAN IS HE MANESUORNE, TO THAT MAY IT BE ANSUERD THAT CERTAYNLY HE IS NOCHT MANESUORNE. FOR THE ATH IS UNDERSTANDIN GIF BE RESOUN IT MAY BE THAT HE HELP HIM, FOR THARE MAY NANE ATH BYND A PERSONE TO DO THING THAT IS FELOUN, NA AGAYNIS THE LAWE, AS BERIS WITNES THE DECREIS. AND ALL THIS THAT WE SAY OF THE KING WE SAY OF OTHIR PRINCIS THAT AR PRINCIS IN THAIR AWIN CONTREIS, HAFAND NANE ATOUR THAME IN SOVERAYNTEE, AS IS THE ERLE OF FOIS, THE QUHILK IS PRINCE OF BEARN, IN THE QUHILK HE HAS PRIVILEGIS OF EMPEROUR, FOR MEN,

SAIS HE HALDIS OF NA MAN, BOT OF GOD, AND OF THE SUERD. AND FORTHY, GIF HE WALD MAK WERE AGAYNIS HIS BAROUNIS, THE BAROUNIS MEN SULD NOCHT BE HALDYN TO HELP THAME AGAYNIS THE ERLE OF FOIS, FOR HE IS THAIR SOVERANE LORD AND PRINCE. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR, GIF TWA BAROUNIS HAS WERE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XVIJ ) (END OF MARG) AGAYN OTHIR, AND ALSA THE KING HAS WERE IN OTHIR KYNDE, QUHETHIR SULD THIR BAROUNIS MEN HELP ILKANE THAIR AWIN LORD IN HIS WERIS, OR HELP THAIR KING, AND HE REQUERE THAME, AS GIF TWA BAROUNIS OF FRAUNCE HAS WERE TOGEDER, AND THE KING OF FRANCE HAS WERE AGAYNIS THE INGLIS MEN, QUHETHIR SALL THAI OBEYE TO THAIR KING, OR TO THAIR LORD. AND AS TO THAT, IT IS SAID, FIRST, THAT IT SEMYS THAI SULD PAS FIRST TO THAIR LORD BAROUN, ILKANE, SEN THAI HAVE SUORNE TILL HIM, AND MAID HIM THE ATHE OF FIDELITEE. BOT, AS OTHIR TYMES, WE HAVE SAID THE CONTRAIR IS THE SUTH OPYNIOUN. FOR BE ALL OURE DOCTOURIS, THE VASSALLIS AR BEHALDYN TO OBEY TO THAIR SOVERANE LORDE, PRINCE, AND KING, AND LEVE THAIR LORD BAROUN, BE MONY AND GUDE RESOUNIS. AND FIRST, BE CAUS FOR THE KINGIS WERIS HAS REGARDE TO THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT OF ALL THE REALME, QUHILK IS MARE TO BE SENE TO, NA THE SINGLARE PROUFFIT OF THE BAROUN. ANE OTHIR RESOUN: FOR THE VASSALLIS AR BEHALDYN TO THAIR BAROUN IN SPECIALE JURISDICCIOUN MODIFYIT, AND TO THE KING IN GENERALE, THE QUHILK IS AUTORIZIT, WITH GRETE, AND HYE, AND RYCHT MYCHTI JURISDICCIOUN ABUNE OF SOVERAYNTEE, ABUNE THE SMALL JURISDICTIOUN OF THE BAROUN. THE THRID RESOUN IS: FOR QUHEN, IN THE PRESENCE OF A SMALL OFFICER, CUMMYS THE GRETE OFFICER OF THE PRINCE, THE AUTORITEE OF THE GRETE OFFICER RYALE SLOKIS AS THAN, AND GERRIS CESS THE AUTORITEE OF THE SMALLARE OFFICER. AND SA THE MANDEMENT OF THE KING CESSIS THE BAROUNIS MANDEMENT.

HERE MAKIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR GIF (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XIIX ) (END OF MARG) I AW LEFULLY TO HELP MY NYCHTBOUR IN ARMES, GIF ONY WALD SETT TO SLA HIM, AS GIF I, PASSAND THE WAY ENARMYT, FYNDIS MEN QUHILKIS WALD SLA MY NYCHTBOUR, MAY I LEFULLY DEFEND HIM OR NOCHT? AND ALSSUA, GIF HE PROFFERIS ME OF HIS GUDIS TO HELP HIM? THE QUHILK I WILL PREVE THAT I AW TO HELP HIM, BUT SILVER, FOR THE LAW IN THE DECREIS SAIS, ( QUI INJURIAM PROXIMI NON IMPEDIT, SIMILIS EST EI QUI FACIT). THAT IS TO SAY, QUHA LETTIS NOCHT THE INJURE OF HIS NYCHBOURE IS LYKE TO HIM THAT DOIS IT. AND ZIT MARE, THE LAW SAIS, (QUI POTEST HOMINEM SALVUM FACERE, ET NON VULT, IPSUM OCCIDIT). THAT IS, QUHA MAY SAUF A MANNIS LYF AND DOIS NOCHT, HE SLAIS HIM. AND AS TO THE ANSUERE OF THIS, I MAY WELE TAK SILVER AND WAGIS TO SAUF A MAN FRA PERILIS, OR TO KEPE HIM IN HIS REDDOUR. BOT TO SAY THE LELE LAUTEE, I AM NOCHT BEHALDIN TO PUT MY BODY IN PERILE OF DEDE FOR MY NYCHTBOUR, BOT GIF I WILL OF GUDE WILL, BOT GYF IT BE THAT I HAVE TANE HIS FEIS THARFORE. FOR BE THE LAWE OF NATURE, AND BE THE EWANGELE, I AW TO DO FOR HIM IN MY WORD AND GUDE WILL AT ALL MY POWERE, AND TO DO NATHING TILL HIM, BOT THAT I WALD WAR DONE TO ME, NOCHT PUTTAND MY SELF IN FEDE NA PERILE FOR HIM, BOT GIF ME LEST OF GUDE WILL, BUT FEE OR WAGE, AND THUS HALDIS THE DOCTOURIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT PERSOUNIS AR BEHALDYN (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XIX ) (END OF MARG) FOR TO DEFEND ILKANE OTHIR OF DETT. IN THE FIRST, HE SAIS THAT THE VASSALL IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND HIS LORDIS PERSONE, AND HE BE IN PRESENT PLACE QUHARE MEN WALD DO HIM SUPPRIS. THE QUHILK GIF HE DOIS NOCHT FURTHWITH, QUHEN HE FYNDIS HIM IN PERILE, BUT ONY CONDICIOUN OR ASKING OF FEE, OR OF WAGIS, HE TYNIS ALL THAT HE HALDIS OF HIS LORD IN FEE OR HERETAGE. ALSSUA THE BONDE IS BEHALDYN TO DEFEND HIS LORD GIF ONY WALD OURSET HIM OR WRANG HIM, OR DO HIM INJURE OR VILANY IN HIS PERSOUN, BUT ONY PAYMENT OF WAGE, NA LEVE ASKING AT ONY MAN, BE THE WRYTYN LAWIS. ALSSUA THE SONE IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND THE FADER, BUT LEVE OF LORD NA COURT, NA OF ONY ERDLY PERSONE, GIF ONY WALD SETT TO DO HIM OFFENCE, INJURE, NA VILANY IN ONY WIS. AND THAT AW THE SONE TO DO TO THE FADER, BATHE BE LAWIS OF GOD AND OF MAN, BE LAW OF NATURE AND OF THE WANGEL, AND BE ALL LAWIS WRYTTIN AND UNWRITTIN, BATHE OF CIVILE AND CANOUN. HERE MAKIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR A MAN AW ERAR TO HELP HIS FADER, OR HIS LORD NATURALE: AS GIF THE KING OF FRAUNCE GEVIS A CASTELL TO THE ERLE OF PERYGORTIS SONE, THE QUHILK FOR THIS CASTELL MAKIS HOMAGE TO THE KING. HAPNIS EFTER, BE AVENTURE, THAT THE KING AND THE ERLE OF PERYGORT HAS WERE TOGEDER. THE KING SENDIS TO THE SAID LORD, THAT HE CUM TO HIS SERVICE, AS HE IS OBLIST TILL HIS LORD. HIS FADER ON THE TOTHIR PARTY, SENDIS HIM MANDEMENT, UNDER ALL THE HYEST PAYNE AND CHARGE THAT HE MAY COMMYTT AGAYNIS HIM, THAT HE CUM TO HIS SERVICE. THAN HERE LYIS THE QUESTIOUN, TO QUHAM HE SALL PAS. AND FIRST AND FORMEST, MEN HALDIS THAT HE SULD GA TILL HIS FADER BE MONY RESOUNIS. THE FIRST IS THAT MANYFEST THING AND CLERE, IS THAT THE SONE SULD HELP THE FADER, AS SAID IS BE ALL LAWIS WRITTIN AND UNWRITTIN, AND BE LAWE OF NATURE, THAT IS HEDE OF ALL LAWIS, NA MAY NEVER VARY NA CHANGE FOR NA LAW, AND IT, THAT HE IS BEHALDYN TILL HIS LORDE, IS BOT VARIABLE THING AND CORRUPTIBIL, THE QUHILK IS NOCHT SA STARK BAND AS IS THE LAW OF NATURE. BOT NOCHTWITHSTANDING ALL THIR RESOUNIS, OURE LAWIS HALDIS THE OPYNIOUN CONTRAIRE, AND THAT THE FADER SULD HELP HIS LORD AGAYN HIS SONE, AND THE SONE AGAYN THE FADER. AND THE RESOUN IS, FOR SUPPOS THE SONE BE,

BE LAW OF NATURE OBLIST TO HELP THE FADER, NEVERTHELES THE FADER IS HALDIN, AND THE SONE BATHE, TO HELP THAIR LORDE THAT THAI HAVE ATH AND SACRAMENT TILL, ILKANE AGAYN OTHIR, AND THAI BE REQUERIT. FOR THAI MAY NOCHT BREK THAIR ATH, BOT GYF THAI BREK THE COMMANDEMENT OF GOD, AND THE LAUTEE OF HIS CORPS, FOR THE QUHILK BREKAND HE WAR DISHONOURIT AND CONDAMPNYT TILL HELL. ITEM, ANE OTHIR RESOUN FOR, AND ANE OTHIR TENAND HELD THE SAMYN LAND THAT THE SONE HALDIS, THAT MAN WALDE BE WITH THE LORD, AND SA BUT FAULT, THE LORD SULD TYNE HIS MAN. AND ZIT MARE, GIF THE SONE HELPIT THE FADER AGAYN THE LORD, THAN SULD THE LORDIS AWIN GUDIS MAK WERE APON HIM SELF. THE QUHILK WAR NOCHT WELE SITTAND, THAT I SULD MAK A MAN LORD OF LANDIS TO WARRAY MY SELF OF MYN AWIN GUDIS. AND ZIT NATHELES THARE IS MONY STARK RESOUN FOR THE TOTHIR PART, AS THE LAW OF NATURE WITH THE COMMANDEMENT OF GOD, THAT IS, ( HONORA PATREM ET MATREM). AND WITH THAT IS THARE GRETE HABUNDANT RESOUNIS, AS WE REDE IN SCRIPTURE THAT THE FADER AND THE SONE AR REPUTE JUNCT PERSOUNIS, THAT IS TO SAY, BOT A PERSONE. AND ALSSUA BE THE LAWIS OF NATURE THARE SULD NA PERSOUN HATE HIS AWIN PROPRE FLESCH NA HIS BLUDE. AND THARFORE IN VERITEE ME THINK THAT THE SONE SULD HELP THE FADER NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THE TOTHIR RESOUNIS, SA THAT THE SONE TRAIST FERMELY THAT HIS FADER HAVE VERRAY RYCHT. AND GIF MEN WALD SAYE HE MYCHT NOCHT HELP HIM, BOT GIF HE COMMYTTIT THE VICE OF INGRATITUDE AGAYNIS HIS NATURALE LORD OF THE FEE, AND THAN HIS FADER MAY DISHERIS HIM ON THE TOTHIR PART. FOR HE COMMYTTIS AGAYNIS HIM MARE CRUELLY THE VICE OF INGRATITUDE AND THAT MAY HE DO BE THE LAW CIVILE AND ALS BE LAW CANOUN. FOR GIF A MAN WALD MAK ANE ATH THAT HE SULD NOCHT HELP HIS FADER, QUHETHIR SULD THAT ATH BE KEPIT OR NOCHT? TREWLY I TRAIST IT AW NOCHT TOBE KEPIT, AS BERIS WITNES A DECRETALE. FOR ALL ATH AGAYNIS GUDE FAITH, GUDE CUSTUMES, AND GUDE THEWIS, OR AGAYN THE BIDDING OF GOD AND OUR ALL KYNDELYNES OF NATURE AR NOCHT TOBE KEPIT. FOR SUPPOS HE HAFFE ATH TILL HIS LORDE, THAT ATH BYNDIS HIM NOCHT AGAYN HIS FADER, SEN HE HAS ATH NATURALE AND CARNALE TILL HIS FADER, BATH BE GODDIS LAW AND MANNIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF A CLERK SULD ERAR HELP (MARG)(CAPITULUM XXIII)(END OF MARG) HIS FADER IN HIS WERIS, NA HIS BISCHOP, GIF HE HAD WERIS, AND ILKANE OF THAME REQUIRIS HIM. TO THE QUHILKIS HE ANSUERIS, THAT BE ALL OURE DOCTOURIS, HE SULD ERAR HELP HIS BISCHOP. FOR NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THE BAND OF NATURE IS STARK, ZIT IS THE BAND SPIRITUALL BETUIX MAN AND HIS FADER SPIRITUALE MARE STARK NA THE TEMPORALE BAND BETUIX HIM AND HIS FADER, AND BYNDIS MARE STRENTHILY NA TEMPORALE OR CARNALE BANDIS. FOR GIF THE TANE BE FADER TO THE BODY CARNALE, THE TOTHIR IS FADER TO THE SAULE SPIRITUALE THAT IS MARE NOBLE BUT COMPARISOUN. TO QUHAM ALL THE DYOCY SULD GEVE TREUTH AND FERM CREDENCE TILL HIS PRECHING, AND TECHING OF THE FAITH, AS GIF A COMMANDEMENT CUM FRA A BAILZE OR A SCHEREF TILL A LORD, AND SYNE EFTER CUM ANE OTHIR FRA THE SOVERANE LORD, HE SULD BE FIRST OBEYIT, AND THE TOTHIR LEFT. AND HERE ATOUR ZIT, GIF A MAN HALDIS BENEFICE OF THE KIRK TO DEFEND THE KIRK AND THE KIRK RYCHTIS, HOW SULD HE ASK LEVE AT HIS FADER? AND THARFORE WE SULD NOCHT MAK DOUT NA HE SULD HELP FIRST HIS BISCHOP. ALSSUA WE REDE IN OURE LAWIS, THAT GIF A CLERK HAS A BENEFICE IN A KIRK, AND GEVIS COUNSALE AGAYNE THE PREVILEGIES OR FREDOMES OF THAT KIRK, HE TYNYS HIS BENEFICE. AND RYCHT SA, GIF I HELP NOCHT MY PROPRE BISCHOP, I AM AGAYNIS HIM, ( QUIA QUI NON EST MECUM CONTRA ME EST ) FOR OURE LORD SAIS QUHA THAT IS NOCHT WITH ME IS AGAYNIS ME. BOT ZIT NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR RESONIS, I SAY FOR ME THAT HE AW WITH ALL HIS HERT AND ALL HIS POWAR, HELP HIS FADER FIRST, KEPAND HIS ORDRES, AND HIS PART TO THE KIRK, IN OTHIR THINGIS, EFTER THE ORDER, OFFICE, AND ESTATE THAT HE IS

ORDANYT TILL, BOT GIF IT WAR ALLANERLY TO THE SOCOURING OF THE CRISTYN FAITH, IN QUHILK CAS I SAY NOCHT NA HE SULDE PUT ALL IN AMITIE FOR THE FAITH BATH TO LEVE FADER, MODER, AND ALL HIS KYN, AND ABANDON ALL HIS GUDIS, LYF, AND BODY TO SAUF THE CRISTYN FAITH OF JHESU CRIST OURE SALVIOUR, FOR SA SULD HE HIMSELF AND ALL GUDE CRISTYN MAN, AND SPARE NOCHT TO THE DEDE TO TAK MARTERDOME GIF IT CUM TILL HAND. AND AS TO THIS POYNT, THARE IS A DECREE THAT CONFORTIS THIS MATER GRETELY, THE QUHILK SAIS THAT A MAN IN TYME OF NEDE IS MARE BEHALDIN TO HIS CARNALE FADER NA TILL HIS SPIRITUALE FADER, THAT IS IN THE TEMPORALE AND CARNAL HELP CORPORALE, FIRST AND FORMAST AND ERAST, BOT TILL HIS SPIRITUALE FADER HE IS BEHALDIN FIRST IN HYE HONOUR, REVERENCE, AND OBEDIENCE ANENT THE POYNTIS OF THE FAITH. AND SEN WE SPEKE HERE IN THIS PRESENT BUKE, OF BATAILL AND OF THE HELP CORPORALE, I SAY THAT A CLERK IS FIRST AND MARE BEHALDIN TILL HIS CARNALE FADER, NA TILL HIS SPIRITUALE HIS BISCHOP (ETC) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF A MAN MAY FOR HIS TEMPORALE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXIV ) (END OF MARG) GUDIS RYCHTWISLY CONQUEST MAK DEFENSABLE WERE. TO THE QUHILK I ANSUERE ZOW THUS THAT THARE IS NA WERE THAT MEN MAY LAUFULLY DIFFEND THE GUDIS THAT THAI HAVE LAWFULLY WONYN, AND CONQUEST. AND THAT OPYNIOUN APPROVIS ALL LAWIS, AND ALL OURE DOCTOURIS IN CIVILE AND CANOUN, AND WITH THAT ALL GUDE RESOUN TILL IT ACCORDIS, DOUTLES. BOT ANE OTHIR QUESTIOUN MARE STARK IS EFTER MOVIT, (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXV) (END OF MARG) THAT IS QUHETHIR, GIF A MAN MAY LEFULLY MAK WERE DIFFENSABLE, TO DIFFEND GUDIS WRANGWISLY CONQUEST, OR TO RECOVER THAME AGAYN, GIF THAI WAR TYNT, THAT WAR NOCHT RYCHTWISLY CONQUEST, NA DETFULLY POSSESSIT, TO THE QUHILKIS IT APPERIS, AS BE THE FIRST RESOUN OF LAW, THAT IT AW NOT TOBE, NA MAY NOCHT, BE LAW, BE DONE. FOR THE LAWIS SAIS THAT MEN MAY MAK WERE TO KEPE THAR

AWIN RYCHT, BOT NOCHT TO MANETENE WRANG. BOT AS TO THAT, GIF MY FADER HAD CONQUEST LANDIS, CASTELLIS, OR WALLIT TOWNIS WRANGWISLY, AND EFTER HIS DECESS, I ENTERIT IN POSSESSIOUN THAROF, NOCHT WITTAND OF HIS WRANGWIS TITLE, TREULY MYN IGNORAUNCE SALL SAVE MY CONSCIENCE AND HALD ME EXCUSIT. BOT AND I CONQUEST IT MY SELF, OR THAT I WIST THAT THE TITLE OF HIS CONQUEST WAR NOCHT RYCHTWIS, I SULD BE HALDIN TO MANETENE THAT QUERELE. AND GIF IT BEFELL THAT ANE OTHIR THAT HAD NA RYCHT WALD SETT TO CONQUEST IT APON ME, CERTAYNLY I MAY RYCHTWISLY DEFEND IT BE WERE. BOT, AND HE THAT IT APPERTENYT TO OF RYCHT, HAD CONQUEST IT FRA ME, TREWLY I, KNAWAND HIS RYCHT, AW NOCHT TO MAK DEFENS, THARFORE NA OTHIR WERE. ITEM, ANE OTHIR POYNT IS THAT GIF I HAVE A THING WRANGWISLY, AND THE PROPRE LORD THAT AW IT TAK IT FRA ME FORSABLYE, I MAY IN THAT CHAUDECOLE, TAK IT AGAYN, QUHILL THE RYCHT WAR KNAWIN. BOT, AND I BYDE QUHILL I BE CULIT, I MAY NOCHT DO IT, BUT ORDOUR OF JUST LAWE, SUPPOS THAT GUDE WAR NOUTHIR TANE BE VIOLENCE, FORS, NA REFT, I MAY NOCHT TAK IT AGAYNE, NA MAK NA WERE THARFORE, BE RESOUN GIF I OURSYTT ONY QUHILE, BOT GIF I PROCEDE BE ORDRE OF LAWE, AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT SYNDRY DOCTOURIS HALDIS SYNDRY OPYNIOUNIS, I TRAIST TREULY THAT THIS OPYNIOUN THAT I HAVE SAID IS SUTH. BOT ZIT HAVE WE ANE OTHIR RESOUN, THE QUHILK IS FULL RYCHTWIS, OF THIS MATER, FOR GIF A MAN HAD DEROBBIT ME OF MY DECREZ, AND ME THOCHT THAT JUSTICE WAR WAYKE, OR FAVOURABLE, OR OTHIR WAYIS UNTRAIST TO RECOVER RESOUN AT THAIR HANDIS, AND I MYCHT TAK IT FRA HIM THAT TUKE IT FRA ME, OR ONY OTHIR ON MYN AWIN AUTORITEE, OR ALSMEKLE OF HIS GUDIS AS IT WAR WORTH, AND THAT BE ALL THE GUDE OPYNIOUNIS OF ALL OURE DOCTOURIS, NA AS ANENT GOD MY CONSCIENCE SALL NOCHT BE CHARGIT THAREWITH. BOT THARE IS ANE OTHIR MANER OF POSSESSIOUNIS, THAT AR CALLIT PRECARIS, THAT CUMMYS FOR REQUEST, OR LORDIS GEVIN FOR THAIR TYME, OR THAIR WILL ENDURAND, THE QUHILK, QUHEN

THE TERME CUMMYS, THE LANDIS RETOURIS AGAYNE TO THE LORD. AS GIF I HAD LENT TO THE PROVEST OF PARIS MY HOUS TO DUELL IN FOR CERTAYNE TYME, AND AT THE TERMES END, HE WALD NOCHT DELYVER THE HOUS AT MY REQUEST, I MYCHT LAUFULLY, GIF I WAR OF POWER, FORSABILY PUT HIM OUT, BUT CLAME, OR CHALAUNCE OF LAWE. FOR QUHEN HE REFUSIS TO DELYVER ME MY POSSESSIOUN, IN SAMEKLE HE DESPOILIS ME. AND NOCHT FORTHY, THE DOCTOURIS MAKIS GRETE QUESTIONIS, AND HALDIS SYNDRY OPYNIOUNIS IN THIS THING, AND SPECIALY MEN OF KIRK. FOR IT HAPNIS OFT THAT MEN TAKIS LANDIS BE FORCE OR HOUSIS OF LANG TERMES, AND SYNE MAKIS TRANSPORT OF THAME, AND PUTTIS THAM IN OTHIR MENIS HANDIS, AND THAT IS A WERE, QUHETHIR THE LORD MAY MAK WERE ON HIM THAT IS ENTERIT UNDER A MANER OF A COLOURE OF RYCHT FRA HIM THAT MAID THE FORCE AND VIOLENCE OF THE FIRST TAKING AND CONQUEST IT FRA HIM BE FORCE OF ARMES. THARE IS A WERE APON THE QUHILK THE DOCTOUR MAKIS A DIFFERENCE, QUHETHIR THE LAST WIST OF THE VIOLENCE OF THE FIRST TAKARE. AND IT BE SA, TREULY HE IS BEHALDIN, AND HE MAY TO RECOVER IT AGAYNE OUT OF HIS HANDIS, ( QUIA LICITUM EST VIM VI REPELLERE ) FOR ALL LAWIS LEVIS MEN TO DEFEND FORCE BE FORCE,(ETC),(MARG)(NOTA)+ (END OF MARG) AND TO TAK IT BE FORCE OF ARMES, GIF HE MAY, AND PUT HIM SELF AGAYN IN HIS POSSESSIONIS, NOCHTGAYNSTANDING HIS TRANSPORT. BOT, AND HE THAT TAKIS THE POSSESSIOUN BE FORCE AND VIOLENCE LYIS LANG IN THAT POSSESSIOUN, AND SYNE MAKIS A TRANSPORT, THAN SEMYS IT TO MEN OF LAWE THAT HE SULD BE PLEDIT OUT BE FORME OF LAWE, BOT MYN OPYNIOUN IS TREWLY THAT HE MAY MAK WERE ON HIM, AND PUT HIM OUT BE FORCE OF ARMES. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR, GIF A PRESTE OR A (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXVI ) (END OF MARG) CLERK MAY BE FORCE OF ARMES DEFEND HIS TEMPORALE GUDIS, AS WE CALL PATRYMONYE, OR THE CORNE OF HIS GRANGEIS, OR THE WYNE OF HIS SELLARIS, QUHETHIR HE WAR IRREGULARE OR NOCHT, TO DEFEND HIM BE ARMES. AND FIRST I ANSUERE

THAT HE MAY DO IT AND NOCHT BE IRREGULARE, FOR QUHY, HE THAT WALD TAK FRA A CLERK HIS LYFING HE TAKIS FRA HIM HIS LYF. BOT CLERE THING IS THAT QUHA WALD TAK THE LYF FRA CLERK OR CHAPLAYNE, THAI MAY BE LAW DEFEND THAME BE ARMES AND NOCHT BE IRREGULARIS ( ERGO ETC ) AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, IT IS BATH RYCHT AND HONEST, AND OF GUDE CONSCIENCE, TO OPPOS A MAN AND GAYNSAY ALL INJURE OR VIOLENCE UNLAUCHFULLY USURPIT, NOCHT DETFULLY DONE, BOT CONDAMPNYT FOR SYN, AS AR THIFT, REF, OR SIK THINGIS. QUHAREFORE SULD NOCHT A PRESTE RESIST TO SIK THING, AND NOCHT THARFORE INCURR THE CRIME OF IRREGULARITEE, GIF ONY WALD OURTHRAW HIM, OR DEROUB HIM WRANGWISLY IN HIS JUST, LEFULL, AND HONEST DEFENS. AS BELANGAND THE ANSUERE OF THIS THING, THE DOCTOUR MAKIS A DISTINCTIOUN, THUS SAYAND THAT GIF A THEF WALD REVE A CHAPLANE HIS MANTILL, AND THE CHAPLAYNE WIST WELE OR DOWTIT THAT THE THEF, BUT MARE HELP, MYCHT DO IT, OR ELLIS HIM BEHUFIT TO SLA HIM, AND THAT THE PRESTE HAD LEVER SLA HIM NA LEVE HIM THE MANTILL, I TRAIST THUS, TREWLY, THAT HE SULD BE IRREGULARE. BOT AND THE CHAPLAYN WAR FER FRA ONY HERBRY, AND IT WAR SA GRETE CALDE OR WEDER THAT HE DOUTIT THAT, BUT HIS MANTILL, HE WALD DEE, AND AS THAN COUD NANE OTHIR REMEDE SETT IN HIS LYF, AND COUD NANE OTHIR WAY ESCAPE FRA THE THEF, BUT PREJUDICE OF HIS AWIN LYF, BOT TO SLA HIM, TREWLY IN THIS I TRAIST THE CHAPLAYNE IS NOCHT IRREGULARE. AND AS IN THE THING THE WERE STANDIS BETUIX NEDE, FORCE AND WILFULNESS, OF THE QUHILKIS THE TANE IS EXCUSIT ANENT GOD, AND THE TOTHIR NOCHT. ( QUIA VOLUNTAS ET PROPOSITUM DISTINGUNT MALEFICIUM ) THAT IS TO SAY THE WILL AND THE PURPOS IN MYSDEDIS MAKIS THE MAN FOULE OR CLENE. FOR TREULY IT WAR BETTER, QUHEN HE TUKE THE MANTILL, LEVE HIM THE COTE, WITH NA TO UNDO GODDIS HANDYWERK BOT GIF NECESSITEE FORSSIT GERT HIM DO IT AGAYNE HIS GUDE WILL. AND IN SIK LYKE CAS, IN ALL SIK MATERIS, I MAK MY DIFFERENCE AND DISTINCTIONIS BETUIX NEDE, FORS, AND WILFULNES.

AND BE CAUS THAT KINGIS AND PRINCIS MAKIS NA COMPT OF THIS MATER, I WILL PAS MARE SCHORTLY, AND ANE OTHIR TYME SPEKE THAROF. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR HARNES LENT, AND TYNT IN WERIS, SULD BE RESTORIT, AND RECOMPENSIT AGAYNE TO THE LENNARIS OF IT. AND AS TO THAT QUESTIOUN, GIF A KNYCHT OF ALMAYNE HAD BOROWIT FRA A FRANCHE KNYCHT HORS AND HARNES TO PAS TILL A BATAILL WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE AGAYNIS THE INGLIS MEN, AND THE SAID KNYCHT WAR TANE PRESONARE, AND TYNT ALL CLERELY, QUHETHIR HE BE BEHALDIN TO RESTORE AGAYNE THE THING OR THE VALOUR. TO THE QUHILK THING THE DOCTOURIS ANSUERIS, THAT TREWLY HE IS NOCHT BEHALDIN TO RESTORE AGAYNE A PENY THAROF, SEN HE DID TREULY ALL THAT HE SAID TO THE KNYCHT QUHEN HE MAID HIM REQUEST. BOT HAD HE DONE ONY BARAT, OR SUBTILITEE TILL HAVE GERT THE TOTHIR TROW THAT HE WALD HAVE PASSIT TO THE WERIS, AND PASSIT NOCHT, BOT PAST ANE OTHIR WAY, OR MAID OTHIR WAY OF CHANGE OR MERCHANDICE THAROF, TREWLY HE HAD BENE HALDIN TO RESTORE ALL AGAYNE. AND ZIT WALD SUM MEN SAY IT WAR A POYNT OF THIFT. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE NOW SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF HORS AND HARNES THAT IS HYRIT BE TYNT IN BATAILL PLACE, GIF THAI SULD BE RESTORIT AGAYNE, AS GIF A KNYCHT OFF FRANCE PASSIS IN SPAYNE IN PILGRIMAGE TO SANCT JAQUES, AND THARE FYNDIS THE KING OF SPAIGNE REDY TO PAS IN BATAILL ON HIS INYMYES, THE FRANCHE KNYCHT TAKIS IN GRETE CURAGE TO PAS TO THE BATAILL WITH THE NOBLE KING, AND HAS NA HARNES, NOR NANE HABILLIAMENT FOR BATAILL, BOT PASSIS TILL A MARCHAND OF HORS AND HARNES, AND HYRIS AT HIM ALS MONY AS MAY SUFFICE HIM TO THIS DAY, AND HAPNYS BE CAS OF FORTUNE, THE KNYCHT IS TANE PRISONARE, AND ALL TYNT, BATHE HORS, HARNES, AND OTHER HABILLIAMENT: QUHETHIR GIF THE MARCHAND SALBE PAYIT OF HIS HORS, AND OTHIR PENYWORTHIS

TO THE QUHILKIS THE DOCTOUR ANSUERIS, THAT CERTAYNLY HE AW TO HAVE NA PAYMENT, BOT ANERLY HIS HYRE FOR THE QUHILKIS THE HORS AND GERE WAS HYRIT, BOT GIF THARE HAD BENE OTHIR CONDICIONIS AND APPOYNTMENTIS MAID BETUIX THAME. AND ALL THIS IS APPROVIT BATHE BE THE LAWIS CIVILE AND CANOUN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN: GIF A KNYCHT PASSAND HIS LORDIS ERANDIS BE DEROBBIT AND DISTRUSSIT, QUHETHIR SALL THE KNYCHT, OR HIS LORDE AND MAISTER, HAVE ACTIOUN OF JUSTICE AGAYNIS THE DOARIS, AS THUS, GIF A LORD THAT HAS WERIS ON HAND SENDIS ANE OF HIS KNYCHTIS IN A PLACE TOBE KEPIT, AND GIVIS HIM NA WAGIS WITH HIM, NA MAKIS NANE OTHIR ACCORDANCE WITH HIM, AND IN HIS WAY, HE FYNDIS REVARIS THAT TAKIS FRA HIM ALL THAT HE HAS FORSABILY. THE QUESTIOUN THAN IS - QUHETHIR THE LORD THAT SENDIS HIM, OR THE KNYCHT SALL MAK THE CLAME IN JUGEMENT, TO FOLOW THE PARTY THAT IS REFT. THE ANSUERE IS THAT THE KNYCHT MAY MAK CLAME TO THE PARTY THAT REFT HIM BE WAY OF ACCIOUN OF THIFT. AND ALS HE MAY DEMAUND HIS SCATHIS AT THE LORD, BE WAY OF ACCIOUN OF DETT. BOT GIF IT HAPNYS HIM TO RECOVER HIS HARNES AT THE THEFIS HAND, HE MON DELIVER ALL THAT ACCIOUN TILL HIS LORD, GIF HE WILL HAVE HIS SCATHIS HALE MAID BE THE SAID LORD, FOR HE MAY NOCHT TAK PAYMENT IN TWA PLACIS NA HAVE TWA DETTOURIS OF A THING. AND, BE THE ACCIOUN THAT HE HAS TO THE THEFIS, THE SAID LORDE MAY RECOVER ON HIS BEHALF HIS SCATHIS, AND THUS SALL THE LORD BE HERD IN JUGEMENT ON THE KNYCHTIS RYCHT ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR GIF A MAN PASSIS TO THE WERIS, UNREQUERIT BE THE LORD, OR ONY ON HIS BEHALF, QUHETHIR GIF HE SALL BE PAYIT OF HIS WAGIS OR NOCHT, AS GIF A BAROUN HAS WERE WITH ANE OTHIR, AND SA CUMMIS A KNYCHT OF AVENTURE, OF HIS GENTRIS. AND CURTAISLY, BUT ONY REQUEST, CUMMYS TO HIS SOCOURS, AND TILL HIS HELP.

THE QUESTIOUN THAN IS, GIF HE SERVIS HIM IN HIS WERIS, AND BUT ONY CONDICIOUN, BOT PUT HIM IN HIS GENTRIS TO PAY HIM OR NOCHT PAY HIM, QUHETHIR GIF HE MAY ASK HIM PAYMENT, OR NOCHT. AND FIRST I SALL PREVE ZOW THAT HE AW NOCHT TO ASK HIM WAGIS. FOR BE THE LAWIS, HE THAT WILL PAY MARE NA HE AW, IT IS NA PAYMENT. IT IS GIFT, AND GIF HE BE NOCHT BEHALDIN NA OBLIST TILL HIM, IT IS LYKE AS HE COME OF PURPOS TO SERVE FOR NOUCHT. BOT ZIT NONGAYNSTANDING THIR ARGUMENTIS, I TROW TREWLY THAT GIF HE BE NOCHT OF HIS LIGNE, OR THAT HE BE OF SIK MYCHT THAT HE WILL DO IT FOR CHERITEE, OR PITEE, TRAISTAND THAT HE IS OURSET WRANGWISLY, HE MAY GRACIOUSLY ASK HIS WAGIS, COURTAISLY TO SUSTENE HIS ESTATE, AND FOR TO LYVE HONESTLY, BUT REPRUF. FOR THE LAW SAIS ( NEMO STIPENDIIS PROPRIIS TENETER MILITARE, ) AND IT SULD SUFFICE HIM THAT THE KNYCHT HAS OF HIS GENTRIS, DONE HIM GUDE SERVICE, TILL HIS HONOUR AND PROUFFIT. FOR GIF HE HAD DONE IT FOR CAUS OF LYGNAGE AND CHERITEE, OR OTHIR SPECIALE CAUS OF NERENESS, HE MYCHT NOCHT ASK HIM WAGIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A MARE STARK QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR GIF A KNYCHT SERVIS A KING IN HIS WERIS AGAYN HIS WILL, GIF HE AW TILL ASK HIM WAGIS, OR NOCHT, AS GIF THE KING OF FRAUNCE MAKIS WERIS AGAYNIS THE ALMAYNIS AND INGLIS MEN, AND HAPNYS TO CUM A KNYCHT OF OSTRECHE, THE QUHILK IS IN NATHING TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE BEHALDIN, BOT CUMMYS OF HIS AWIN PROPRE MOVEMENT TO SERVE THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND TO HELP HIM IN HIS WERIS, AND NEVERTHELES THE KING SAIS HE SETTIS NOCHT BY HIM, NA GEVIS NA FORS OF HIS HELP, BOT REFUSIS HIM IN ALL MANER OF WIS, AND NOCHT FORTHY HE WALD NOCHT LEVE TO PAS IN HIS SERVICE IN ARMES, AND TO HELP HIM AT HIS POWER, AND IN HIS DEDIS DOIS SA WORTHILY THAT ALL THE KINGIS PARTY OF FRAUNCE WAS THE BETTER OF HIM, FOR THE GRETE VAILLIANCE OF HIM. THAN SPERE I QUHETHIR HE MAY ASK HIS WAGIS OR NOCHT. TO THE QUHILK THARE IS

MONY DIVERS OPYNIOUNS AND ARGUMENTIS. AND FIRST HE SAIS THAT HE AW TILL HAVE HIS WAGIS, FOR THE LAWE SAIS IN A DECREE THAT MEN MAY GEVE A BENEFICE TILL A MAN AGAYNIS HIS WILL, AND ZIT NOCHT THAN, HE IS OBLIST IN KYNDENES TILL HIM THAT GEVIS IT TILL HIM. AND ZIT MARE STARK ARGUMENT: A MEDICINARE MAY GEVE HELE TILL A MAN THAT ASKIS IT NOCHT, NA WILL NOCHT OF IT, AND ZIT THE MEDICINARE SULD GEVE IT HIM, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND HIS CONTRADICTIOUN, GIF HE MAY ONY WIS. AND ZIT HE MAY LAWFULLY ASK HIS PAYMENT AND GER HIM BE PAYIT OF HIS TRAVAILL. ALSWELE MAY WE SAY OF THIS LYKE CAS. BOT NOCHT THAN, I WILL SAY ALL THE CONTRARY OF THIS, AND THAT IS ALL FOR CAUS OF THE CONTRADICTIOUN OF THE KING, THE QUHILK IN THE BEGYNYNG SAID THAT HE WALD NOCHT OF HIS SERVICE, AND THIS OPYNIOUN MAY BE PROVIT BE LAW CIVILE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A GRETE QUESTIOUN: THAT IS TO SAY, GIF THE KING OF SPAIGNE SENDIS SOCOURIS TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE, THE QUHILK OTHIR TYMES HAS SEND HIM SOCOURIS IN SYK LYKE CAS, QUHETHIR THAN MAY THE SPANGNOLLIS ASK WAGIS AT THE KING OF FRAUNCE? AS WE WALD SETT THE CAS, THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAS WERE WITH THE ALMAYNIS, AND THE KING OF SPAIGNE, WITTAND THIS SENDIS BUT ONY MESSAGE, OR REQUEST FRA THE KING OF FRAUNCE A GRETE OST OF MEN, BOT ANERLY FOR THAT HE IS BEHALDIN OF OTHIR TYMES THAT THE SAID KING OF FRAUNCE HAS SEND HIM SOCOURIS, THE QUHILKIS MEN OF ARMES SERVIS HIM IN HIS WERIS FOR CERTAYN LANG TYME - THAN QUHETHIR THAI MAY LAWFULLY ASK HIM THAIR WAGIS. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN RESOUN NATURALE SCHAWIS US THAT IT AW NOCHT TOBE. FOR BE RESOUN NATURALE ALL MAN IS BEHALDYN TO DO GUDE FOR GUDE. AND THUS, GIF I SEND THAME FOR SATISFACTIOUN AND PAYMENT OF ARE DONE DEDE AND SERVICE, I AW NOCHT TO ASK DOUBLE PAYMENT. FOR SEN THE ACCIOUN IS NATURALE, IT MAY NOCHT BE TURNYT IN ACCIOUN CIVILE, BE THE WRITTIN LAWIS. THAT IS TO SAY THAT

THAI MYCHT ASK PAYMENT FOR THAIR SERVICE, QUHILK WAS BEFORE TYME QUYTT. AND NOW AS TO THE ANSUERE OF THE FIRST QUESTIOUN: GIF THE KING OF SPAYNZEIS MEN MYCHT ASK WAGE AT THE KING OF FRAUNCE, A GUDE JURIST WALD SUSTENE GRETE QUERELE, AND GRETE ARGUMENT THARAPON. BOT AS BE MYN OPYNIOUN, IT SEMYS ME THAT THARE IS NA RESOUN THAREIN, AND SA IS THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE DOCTOURIS. FOR GIF THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAD OTHIR TYMES, OF HIS PROPRE MOTYF, SEAND THE NECESSITEE OF THE KING OF SPAYNE, SEND HIM SOCOURIS ON HIS AWIN COST HE MYCHT BE ACCIOUN IN JUGEMENT ASK HIM, IN HIS NECESSITEE, SYK LYKE SOCOURIS ON HIS COST. FOR A GUDE DEDE REQUERIS ANE OTHIR, AS SAIS RESOUN NATURALE, ( UNG BONTE AUTRE REQUIERT ) TREWLY MYN OPYNIOUN IS THAT HE AW NOCHT BE RESOUN TO ASK HIM SYK LYKE THING BE JUSTICE, NA HAS NA ACCIOUN RESONABLE FOR HIM IN JUGEMENT. FOR GYF A KNYCHT OF THE KING OF FRANCIS HOUS HAD GEVYN A COURSOUR TO THE PROVOST OF PARIS UNASKIT, BOT OF HIS AWIN PROPRE MOTYF AND GUDE GREE, TREWLY HE MYCHT NOCHT BE JUGEMENT COMPELL HIM TO GEVE ANE OTHIR SYKLYKE HORS. BOT ZIT NOCHT THAN BE NATURALE KYNDENES HE IS BEHALDIN TILL HIM IN ANE ALS GUDE REWARDE CUMMAND OF CURTASY AND KYNDENES, SUPPOS IT MAY NOCHT BE CLAMYT OF DETT. AND RYCHT SA SAY WE OF THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE AND OF SPANZE, THAT TREULY SUPPOS THE KING OF SPAYNZE SEND OF HIS AWIN PROPRE MOTYF SOCOURS OF MEN ON HIS AWIN COST, HE MAY NOCHT DEMAUND HIM GUDELY HIS MENNIS WAGIS, THARFORE, BOT OF GUDE WILL AND LYKING. NA ZIT ALSSUA THE KING OF FRAUNCE MYCHT NOCHT HAVE ACCIONE AGAYNIS THE KING OF SPAYNE TO COMPELL HIM TO SEND HIM SOCOURS BOT GIF HIM LYKIT. FOR GIF HE, OF HIS PURE AND SYMPLE WILL AND LYKING, SEND HIM HELP AND SOCOURS, IT STANDIS AGAYNE AT HIS WILL AND FREDOME TO QUYTE IT HIM OR NOCHT. NOCHTFORTHY I SAY, THAT TREULY

BE ALL NATURALE EQUITEE AND KYNDENES ATOUR ALL CIVILE ACCIOUN, HE IS NATURALY OBLIST TILL HIM IN THE LYKE COURTASY, ( PUIS QUE UNG BONTE UNG AUTRE REQUIERT PER ) OBLIGACIOUN NATURALL, SEN A BOUNTEE ASKIS ANE OTHIR BE OBLIGACIOUN NATURALE. AND SA GIF THE KING OF SPAYNZE AGAYNE OF HIS COURTASY, HIS GENTRIS, AND HIS KYNDENES HAS SEND TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE OF HIS AWIN PROPRE MOTYF SOCOURS IN SYKLIKE CAS, HE DOIS BOT HIS DETT, QUYTAND THE KYNDENES OF NATURALE EQUITEE IN THE QUHILK HE WAS BEHALDIN. AN SA HE MAY NOCHT COMPELL HIM TO PAY HIS MEN WAGIS BOT AT HIS LIST. AND HAD HE NOCHT SEND HIM SOCOURS AND COURTASY IN SIKLYKE CAS, TREULY HE IS AY BUNDIN AND OBLIST TILL HIM BE. NATURALE OBLIGACIOUN AY QUHILL HE HAVE PAYIT HIM, AND QUYTT HYM KYNDENESSE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A STARK QUESTIOUN: GIF A PROUD MAN OF ARMES PASSIS TO THE WERE FOR VAYNEGLORE, QUHETHIR MAY HE, BE THE LAW OF ARMES, ASK WAGE OR NOCHT. AS GIF A LADY IN HIR WEDDOWHEDE HAS FAIRE LANDIS AND LORDSCHIPPIS, AND IS WARRAID WITH A HAUTANE KNYCHT OF GASCOYNE. SA CUMMYS A GLORIOUS KNYCHT OF FRAUNCE WITH A PROUD COMPANY, AND SETTIS HIM FOR TO DEFEND THIS LADY WITH ALL POWER, AS HE THAT WALD BE GLORIFYIT IN ARMES, AND CALLIT WORTHY, PROVIT, AND HARDY IN THE MANETENYNG OF THE RICHTIS OF LADYES, AND NAMELY OF WEDOWIS, AND THARE DOIS ALS WORTHILY AS HART WALD THINK. QUHETHIR, EFTER LANG AND GUDE SERVICE, HE MAY ASK HIS WAGE OR NOCHT. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE ZOW TREWLY, THAT HE AW NOCHT TILL ASK WAGIS. FOR WE CAN NOCHT FYND BE NA WRITTIN LAWIS HOW HE MYCHT FOUNDE HIS PETICIOUN TO ASK WAGE AT THE SAID LADY. FOR FIRST HE MAY NOCHT SAY THAT THE LADY SEND FOR HIM NA CHARGIT HIM, NA THAT HE DOIS AT HIR COMMANDEMENT OR REQUEST ONY THING FOR THE QUHILK SCHO WAR DETTOUR TILL HIM, NA HE MAY NOCHT FOUND HIM APON

THE ACCIOUN THAT HE HAS DONE HIR PROFFIT NA THAT HE HAS DONE HIS DEVOIR WELE AND WORSCHIPFULLY IN HIR WERIS, FOR HE DID NOCHT HIS DEDIS OF HONOUR AT HIR REQUEST, NA FOR HIR SAKE, BOT FOR HIS AWIN LOS. AND SA DID HE HI AWIN SERVICE FOR HIS AVANCEMENT PRINCIPALY, BEFORE THE LADYES, AND TOBE RENOUNED A WORTHY MAN OF ARMES. AND THAT WAS HIS PRINCIPALE MOVEMENT, AND SA MAY HE RYCHT NOCHT ASK FRA THE LADY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXIV ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF A CAPITANE DOAND THE KINGIS BIDDING, TYNIS HIS GUDIS, QUHETHIR HE MAY LAUFULLY ASK THAME AT THE KING. AS GIF A CAPITANE KNYCHT OF LUMBARDY CUMMYS IN FRAUNCE, AS OFT AND MONY TYMES, DOIS AND LEDIS WITH HIM FIFTY MEN OF WERE, AND APPOYNTIS WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE FOR ( VJ ) FRANKIS FOR ILKE MAN IN THE MONETH, FOR CERTAYNE TYME, AND TAKIS HIS WAGE AT THE TRESOURER, AND PASSIS TILL HIS ORDINAUNCE QUHARE HE IS ORDANYT TOBE. AND THARE OUTHIR HE ASSAILIS OR HE IS ASSAILIT SA THAT HE TYNIS HIS PANNOUN AND HIS HAUBERGEOUN, HIS PLATIS AND HIS ACTOUN, AND HIS OTHIR HARNEIS, AND ALS HIS FALOUSCHIP TYNIST HAIR CURASS AND THAIR CAPELLINS, THAIR LEG HARNES AND THAIR ARVALESTRES. TO THE QUHILKIS THE DOCTOUR ANSUERIS SCHORTLY THAT THAI MAY NOCHT BE LAW ASK NATHING AT THE KING, SEN THAT HE HAS PAYIT THAME AL THAT HE PROMYTTIT THAME, AND THAI TUKE THAME TO THAIR AVENTURE, AS MEN OF WERE, THAI MON STAND TO THAIR FORTUNE. (MARG) (CAPITULUM XXXV) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF A MAN OF ARMES GAIS IN WERIS TO PELE AND TO RUB GERE, AND TO GADER RICHESS ANERLY, QUHETHIR HE MAY ASK WAGE AT THE PRYNCE, AS GIF THE MARSCHALL OF FRAUNCE BE THE KINGIS COMMANDEMENT PASS TO CALAIS IN THE WERIS AGAYNIS THE INYMYES OF THE REALME, AND AS HE PASSIS THROU THE CONTREE OF BERRY, OR OF TOURAYNE, THARE SEMBLYS TILL HIS ROUT A COMPANY OF CONTREE MEN UNCHARGIT,FOR ENTENCIOUN TO SPOILE,AND

GADER GERE AND RICHESS ANERLY, NATHELES, IT BAFALLIS THAT GUDE DEDIS OF ARMES AR DONE AND TOWNIS AR WONNYN, IN THE QUHILK CONQUEST THAI DO THAIR DEVOIR AS OTHERIS DOIS: QUHETHIR GIF THAI MAY, BE LAW OF ARMES, ASK TO BE PAYIT OF THAIR WAGIS FOR THE TYME OF THAIR SERVICE OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN, NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND THAT SUM MEN WALD SAY THAT GUDE DEDE ASKIS REWARDE, CERTAYNLY I SAY THAI MAY BE NA LAW RECOVER WAGIS, FOR THE FILTH OF THAIR UNDERTAKING WAS IN THE BEGYNNYNG UNHONEST, UNLEFULL, WRANGWIS AND CONDAMPNYT. AND BE ALL LAWIS THARE MAY NA PETICIOUN BE FOUNDIT QUHARE THE FOUNDEMENT IS UNRESONABLE, AND BATHE UNLEFULL AND UNHONEST, AND BE ALL LAWE CONDAMPNYT. QUHARE HE SAIS SCHORTLY THAT ALL SIK MEN WAR BETTER AWAY, NA TOBE WITH A PRINCE IN HIS WERIS FOR THARE FOLOWIS NA GRACE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR GIF CLERKIS MAY PAS IN WERIS AND BATAILLIS LEFULLY OFF THE QUHILKIS THE MAISTERIS AND DOCTOURIS MAKIS GRETE SPECH. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN SAIS ANE OPYNIOUN, THAT CLERKIS MAY PAS IN ARMES, AND IN WERIS DEFENSABLE LEFULLY, THAT IS TO SAY, FOR TO DEFEND, ( QUIA OMNIA JURA PERMITTUNT ET DICUNT QUOD VIM VI REPELLERE LICITUM EST ) NOCHTTHAN THAI HALD NOCHT THAT THAI SULD BERE ARMES DEFENSIVES WITH ARMES INVASIVES, TILL INVADE NA MAN, BOT TO DEFEND ALLANERLY. BOT ANE OTHIR OPYNIOUN HALDIS THAT THAI MAY US ALL ARMES, BATHE ARMES INVASIVES AND DEFENSIVES, THAT IS TO SAY, BATHE ARMOURIS, AS PLATIS, AND MAILLE, TO KEPE THAIR CORPS, WITH ARMES INVASIVES, AS SPERE, SUERD, AX, AND KNYF TO DEFEND THE CORPS WITH, AND TO REPELL AND GAYN STAND FORCE BE FORCE OF ARMES AND WAPNIS. FOR QUHILUM TO KEPE AND DEFEND MANNIS GUDIS AND HIS CORPS, MAKAND DEFENCE HIM BEHOVIS TO DO HIS FALOWE OFFENS. ANE OTHIR OPYNIOUN IS, THAT AT THE SENDING

FOR OF THE PAPE, THAI MAY DO BATHE THE TANE AND THE TOTHIR, FOR HIS IS PRINCE ATOUR ALL CRISTYN FOLK, AND SPECIALY ATOUR ALL CLERKIS IN CRISTYNDOME. BOT EFTER THE TOTHIR OPYNIOUN, THE BISCHOPIS AND OTHIR CLERKIS, THE QUHILKIS HALDIS ERLEDOMES, BARONRYIS, AND CASTELLIS UNDER FIEE OF THE KING AR BEHALDYN TO PAS WITH HIM IN HIS BATAILLIS. AND THAI MAY WELE SAY TO THE KINGIS FOLK, TAKIS STRIKIS AND INPRISONYS BOT THAI MAY NOCHT SAY SLA SLA FOR THAN WAR THAI IRREGULARIS. NOW LAT US SE, THAN, IN THIS CAS, GIF THE DOCTOURIS OPYNIOUN BE SUTHE THAT SAIS COMMONLY THAT, GIF A MAN OF KIRK BE ASSAILIT, HE SULD FLEE OUT OF THE FELDE AND LEVE THE KING. THAN SULD WE SAY THAT THE BISCHOP SULD FLEE OUT OF THE FELDE, AND LEVE HIS KING. BOT CERTAYNLY I SAY, NAY FOR HE SULD UNDERSTAND THAT HE AW TO DO ALL THAT HE MAY GUDELY BUT SCHAME DO, FOR WE SAY THAT WE MAY WELE AND DETFULLY DO IT THAT WE MAY DO. BOT IT MAY NOCHT BE DONE WELE AND DETFULLY, THAT HE LEFT HIS KING. AND THARFORE I SAY THAT A BISCHOP AW ERAR SLA HIS INYMY NA FLEE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXVIAQ ) (END OF MARG) HERE MOVIS THE DOCTOUR A STARK QUESTIOUN EFTER THE LAWIS. AND SETT WE THE CAS, THAT THE DUK OF BRYTAIGNE SEND GOLD IN ALMAYNE FOR TO SOULDE MEN OF ARMES, FOR THE SPACE OF ANE ZERE, TO KEPE HIS CONTREE. AND HE MAKIS ACCORDAUNCE WITH A COMPANY, FOR CERTAYNE PRICE, FOR ALL THE ZERE. AND QUHEN HE IS SOULDIT, THE CHYFTANE TAKIS HIS VOYAGE OUT OF ALMAYNE, AND CUMMYS RESONABLE GRETE JOURNEIS TOWARDE BRITAYNE, DAY BY DAY. BOT ZIT OR HE CUM, THE INYMYES OF THE DUK HAS TANE HIS CONTREE, AND PUT IT IN SUBJECTIOUN, AND ALL DESTROYIT IT. AND BE CAUS THAT THE DUK SEIS THAT NA REMEDE MAY BE SETT AS THAN WITH SA FEW FOLK, HE BIDDIS HIM TURNE HAME AGAYNE IN HIS CONTREE OF ALMAYNE. THE QUHILK CHIFTANE SAIS, RYCHT GLADLY WALDE HE DO THAT, SA THAT HE WAR PAYIT OF HIS WAGIS FOR A ZERE, FOR HIM AND HIS MENZE, FOR ON THAT CONDICIOUN WAS HE THARE CUMMYN. THAN HERE

STANDIS THE WERE OF LAW, QUHETHIR HE AW OF LAWE TOBE PAYIT FOR ALL THE ZERE OR ANERLY FOR THE TYME THAT HE HAS SERVIT HIM ANERLY. THE QUHILK I WILL PROVE THAT HE AW TOBE PAYIT FOR ALL THE ZERE UTTERLY. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT, GIF ANE ADVOCATE IN PARLEMENT OF PAPE EMPEROUR, OR KING HAS BEGONNE TO DO HIS OFFICE OF A ZERE, HE SULD HAVE ALL HIS ZERIS WAGIS FULLELY. AND RYCHT SA SAY WE OF ANE ADVOCATE OF PARTY, GIF HE DEIS IN THE ZERE OF HIS SERVICE. SUPPOS THE ZERE BE NOCHT ALL PAST, OR BOT BEGONNYN, HIS SALL HAVE HIS FULL FEIS AND SALARE. RYCHT THUS SAY WE OF TESTAMENT, AND THINGIS LEFT TO MEN BE TESTAMENT. FOR GIF THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAD LEFT TO THE PROVEST OF PARIS A THOUSAND ZERELY, TILL HIS WAGIS FOR ILKE ZERE, FOR HIS LYF TYME, SUPPOS IT HAPPYN HIM TO DECESS IN MYDDIS, OR IN THE FIRST MONETH OF THE ZERE, HIS SERVANDIS WILL HAVE THAT ZERIS WAGIS THAT THAI AR ENTERIT IN, ( ETC ) NOW SAY WE SUM THING FOR THE TOTHIR PARTY, FOR BE ALL RESOUN IT SULD SUFFICE TO PAY A MAN FOR HIS SERVICE MAID, AND NOCHT TOBE MAID, SEN THE PRINCIPALE CAUS OF THE SERVICE TOBE MAID IS FAILLIT IN NOUTHIR OF THAIR DEFAULTIS. AND THE RESOUN QUHY IS THIS: SEN HE WAS FEIT AND HYRIT TO DEFEND THE CONTREE, AND THE CONTREE WAS ALL TYNT OR HE COME, THAN MAY HE NOCHT DEFEND. SA CESSIS THE CAUS OF IT SELF, AND BE GUDE RESOUN, SA MON THE ACTIOUN EFFECTIVE ( CUR LE CONTRAIRE SEROIT INPOSSIBLE ) FOR THE CONTRAIR WAR A THING INPOSSIBLE. AND ALSA LAW WILL NOCHT THAT A MAN THAT IS DISPOILIT WRANGWISLY OF HIS GUDIS BE VEXT IN JUGEMENT, QUHILL HE BE RESTORIT. AND FOR TO SAY ALL THE RESSOUNIS FOR THE TA PART AND THE TOTHIR, THAT MYCHT BE ALLEGIT IN THIS MATER, AND IN ALL OTHIR QUESTIOUNIS IN THIS BUKE IT WAR A LANGSUM PROCESS, AND THAREFORE WE LEVE SUM PART OF OURE RESOUNIS, TO CUM TO THE EFFECT OF OURE MATER THE SONER. AND AS TO THE PRINCIPALE ANSUERE, TREWLY ME THINK THAT IT MYCHT WELE SUFFICE THE CAPITANE TOBE CONTENT AND PAYDE OF HIS WAGE FOR

THE TYME THAT HE HAD SERVIT, AND WITH HIS WAGIS ALSSA OF THE TYME THAT HE MYCHT BE AGAYNE IN HIS CONTREE. AND AS LANGING THE ARGUMENTIS THAT I HAD MAID, THAI AR NOCHT MEKLE CONTRAIR TO THIS OPYNIOUN, FOR THE CASIS AR NOCHT LYKE. FOR ADVOCACY AND SERVICE OF PRINCIS IN OFFICE FRA THAI ENTRE IN THE ZERIS SERVICE THAI SALL HAVE, BE CUSTUM PRIVILEGIT, ALL THAT ZERIS SERVICE TO THE ENDE, SUPPOS THAI DEE IN THE ZERE. AND AS LANGAND GUDIS LEFT IN TESTAMENT, THAT IS LEFT FOR THE FAVOUR THAT MEN HAS TO THE PERSOUNIS. BOT WAGE IS GEVIN ANERLY FOR SERVICE GUDELY MAID, OR TOBE MAID GIF IT MYCHT BE. AND SEN IT MAY NOCHT BE, THE PAYMENT CESSIS WITH THE IMPOSSIBILITEE OF THE SERVICE. FOR IT WAR ANE UNRESONABLE THING TO PAY FOR ANE SERVICE THAT WAR INPOSSIBLE TO BE MAID. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, IN QUHAT TYME THE WAGIS SULD BE PAYIT TO THE SOULDIOURIS, QUHILK, AS I TRAIST, BE NOCHT DECLARIT BE NA WRITIN LAW. FOR SUM HALDIS THAT THE WAGIS SULD BE PAYIT TILL ADVOCATIS AND PROCURATOURIS, SERGEANTIS AND OFFICERIS, IN THE FIRST ENTREE, SUM SAIS IN MYDDIS OF THAIR SERVICE, SUM SAIS IN THEND. AND, AS IN THIS MATER, ALL OPYNIOUNS BY PUT, ME THINK THAT WE SULD MAK DISTINCTIOUN IN THIR PERSOUNAGIS, FOR THARE IS SUM MEN AS MEN OFWERE, THAT MON HORS THAME, ARM THAME, AND ALS HABILLIZE THAME, WITH THAIR WAGIS, AND ZIT BY THAIR LYFING WITH THE REMAYNAND, THE QUHILK IS BATHE NEDEFULL AND SPEDEFULL TO BE PAYIT IN THE BEGYNNYNG, OR ELLIS THAI MYCHT NOCHT MAK SERVICE. OTHIR IS THARE, THAT TAKIS CERTANE PENSIOUN IN THE ZERE OF A LORD, AND TAKIS THAIR LYFING AT HIS COURT, AND THAIR LYVEREE GOWNIS ANYS OR TWIS IN THE ZERE, AND NEDIS SIK MEN TOBE PAYIT IN THE FIRST BEGYNNYNG OF THAIR ENTREE? BOT IN THE ZERIS END? NEVERTHELES, GIF THAI HAVE NEDE IN THE MENE TYME, I SAY NOCHT NA THAIR LORD SULD HAVE SUM CONSIDERACIOUN, AND GEVE THAIM SUM PART IN THE MYD TERM, (&C) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF A MAN OF WERE GAIS TO PLAY AND DISPORT HIM WITH LEVE OF HIS CONSTABLE FOR CERTAYNE TYME, QUHETHIR GIF HE AW TO BE PAYIT OF HIS WAGIS IN THE MENE TYME. AS GIF A MAN OF ARMES THAT IS PAYIT FOR A ZERE OF HIS WAGIS ASKIS LEVE FOR A MONETH OR MARE TO PAS HAME TO HIS WYF AND HIS BARNIS, TO SEE AND VISYTE THAME. QUHETHIR SULD HE BE ALLOWIT OF THAT MONETHIS WAGES, OR TYNE THAME, SEN HE IS FRA THE WERIS. AND AS BE RESOUN, IT IS SENE THAT HE AW NOCHT TO HAVE THAME. THE RESOUN QUHY IS FOR SEN THE KING PAYIS HIS WAGIS TO BE SERVIT IN HIS WERIS, THAN GIF A MAN GAIS AT HIS AWIN PLESAUNCE TILL HIS DISPORT, HE AW TO DEFALK FOR THE MENE TYME, AS EFFERIS. FOR WAGIS AR NOCHT ORDANYT TO BE GEVIN TO PERSOUNIS NOCHT RESIDENT, AS IS IN DISTRIBUCIOUN OF WAGIS IN COLLEGIS, IS NOCHT GEVIN BOT TO THAME THAT RESYDIS. APON THE TOTHIR PARTY IT IS ANSUERD THUS, SEN IT IS SA THAT THE MAN OF ARMES ASKIT LEVE AT HIS LORD AND CHEIF TO PAS HAME AND VISYTE WYF AND BARNIS, AND THE LORD GRANTIT IT HIM FOR A MONETH, IN SAMEKLE THE LORD DID HIM GRACE TO RESPYTE HIM IN THE MENE TYME. FOR A SERVAND THAT GAIS WITH HIS LORDIS LEVE IS RESPITIT AS RESIDENT QUHILL THE TERME OF HIS LEVE CUM AGAYNE. AND THARFORE AS FOR ME, I SAY, AS ALL OURE DOCTOURIS AND GUDE RESOUN SCHAWIS, THAT SEN HE WAS FEIT AND CONDICIOUN MAID WITH HIM FOR THE HALE ZERE AT A TYME, THE LEVE OF THAT MONETH DEVIDIS NOCHT THE WAGIS OF THE ZERE, SEN HE PASSIT WITH LEVE, NA IN HIS CONDICIOUN OF FEYNG WAS DIVISIOUN MAID OF HIS WAGEING, BOT IN BLOK, AND SOMME, FOR ALL THE ZERE SIK A SOMME, HE AW NOCHT TO TYNE HIS MONETHIS WAGIS, BOT AND HE HAD BENE HYRIT AND WAGIT FOR EVERY MONETH SEVERALY FOR A CERTAYNE, QUHILL HE WAR IN HIS SERVICE IN HIS WERIS, I SAY TREULY THAT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND HIS LEVE, HE SULD BE PAYIT OF THAT MONETHIS WAGIS THAT HE WAS ABSENT FRA HIS SERVICE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A MARE STARK QUESTIOUN: THAT (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXIX ) (END OF MARG) GIF A KNYCHT WAR FEIT WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE FOR CERTANE SOMME OF GOLD FOR HIM, AND CERTANE NOMBRE OF MEN OF ARMES, FOR A ZERE, AND PAYIT OF ALL HIS WAGIS THAROF, GIF HE WALD SYNE ASK LEVE AT THE KING TO PAS AWAY IN OTHER CONTREIS, OR TILL ANE OTHIR LORD, WITHIN THRE MONETHIS EFTER, QUHETHIR HE AW TO BE ALLOWIT TILL HIM HIS WAGIS OF THAI THRE MONETHIS, OR NOCHT. AS GIF A KNYCHT HAD MAID CONDICIOUN WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE TO SERVE HIM FOR A ZERE IN HIS WERIS, AND HAD WELL AND TREULY SERVIT HIM FOR THRE MONETH OF THAT ZERE, AND EFTER FALLIS IN HIS HERT TO PAS OF THE CONTREE, HE ASKIS HIS WAGIS AT THE KINGIS TRESOURER FOR THAI THRE MONETHIS. THE TRESOURAR SAIS, NAY, THAT HE AW NOCHT TO PAY HIM FOR THAI THRE MONETHIS. FOR QUHY, SEN HE HAD FEIT HIM FOR ALL THE HALE ZERE, TRAISTAND TO HAVE HIS SERVICE FOR THE TYME, AND MYCHT IN THE TYME THAT HE FEIT HIM HAVE HAD OTHERIS AT WILL AND WALE, OF QUHILKIS HE HAS GERT THE KING BE MISSERVIT, QUHARFORE, HE AW NOCHT TO HAVE BOT THE HALE ZERIS WAGE, OR NOCHT, SEN HE HAS BROKIN CONDICIOUN TO THE KING, THE KING IS FREE OF HIS CLAME. AND TO ANSUERE SCHORTLY TO THIS THING, IN THIS CONTRACT THARE IS BOT ANE OBLIGACIOUN FOR A ZERIS SERVICE. AND SEN THE KNYCHT IN HIS DEFAULT HAS LOUSIT THAT OBLIGACIOUN, THE KING IS FREE TO GEVE HIM OUCHT, OR NOCHT, AT HIS LYKING, FOR MORTIFYIT AND ADNULLIT IS THE CONDICIOUN BUT CULP OF THE KING, THE QUHILK IS FOUNDIT IN GUDE RESOUN, AND IN LAW WRYTTYN. FOR GIF IN SIK LIKE CAS, A CLERK HAD PURCHAST (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) A BENEFICE HAFAND CURE OF SAULIS, AND, IN HIS AWIN DEFAULT, WILFULLY, HE HAD CUTTIT HIS AWIN TONG, THAT HE MYCHT NOUTHER PRECHE, NA TECHE, NA SYNG MESSE, NA SERVICE DO TO GOD NA HALY KIRK, IT WAR BATHE GUDE SKILL AND RESOUN THAT HE TYNT THE BENEFICE. AND ALL THUS SAY WE OF THE KNYCHT, THAT AW TO TYNE ALL THE ZERIS FEE. AND ZIT GIF IT HAPNYT HIM IN HIS WAY PASSING TOBE DEROKIT AND DISTURSIT OF HIS HORS AND HARNEIS, AND OTHER HABILLIAMENT, AND WALD CUM AGAYN TILL HIS SERVICE, HE SULD NOCHT BE RESSAVIT, FOR THE EVILL END THAT HE MAID OF HIS SERVICE GERRIS HIM TYNE THE FAVOURIS THAT HE HAD OF BEFORE. FOR THE SERVICE IS NA WORTH THAT MAKIS NOCHT A GUDE END. AND AL THUS THE FIRST GUDE DEDE MELLIT WITH THE LAST EVILL DEDE TURNIS BATHE TOGEDER IN VICE, (&C). HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR, GIF A MAN OF ARMES THAT IS WAGIT WITH A LORD FOR ALL THE ZERE, GIF HE MAY PUT ANE OTHIR IN HIS STEDE, OR NOCHT: AS GIF A LORD HAD FEIT A NOBLE MAN OF ARMES FOR A ZERE TILL HIS SERVICE, AND HE HAD, BE CAS OF AVENTURE, HAPNYT TO BE NEDEFULLY SEND FOR TO CUM AND SE HIS AWIN PLACE FOR GRETE CAUS, HE REQUERIS THE LORD THAT HE WALD RESSAVE IN HIS STEDE ANE OTHIR MAN WORTHY OF ARMES, TO SERVE FOR HIM FOR THE TYME TOCUM, IN ALL FORME AND MANER AS HE SULD DO. THE LORD ANSUERIS, NAY, THAT HE HAS CHOSYN HIM FOR HIS ( SIC ) AND LEAUTEE, AND FOR HIS KNAWIN MANFULNES, AND GUDE GOVERNAUNCE, AND THAT HE WILL NOCHT TAK IN HIS STEDE A STRANGEARE THAT HE KNAWIS NOCHT. THAN ANSUERIS THE SOULDIOURE, CERTAYNE SCHIR ZE DO ME ALL WRANG, FOR BE THE LAWIS FOR RESONABLE EXCUSACIOUN, AND CAUS INEVITABLE THAT NANE OTHIR MAY DO BOT MY SELF, I AM FORSIT TO PAS TO MY PLACE, AND BE THE LAW I MAY PUT ANE ALS WORTHY IN ZOUR SERVICE AS MY SELF. ZE AW NOCHT TO LETT ME, BOT AW, BE THE LAW, TO LEVE ME TO PAS: FOR SA AM I COUNSAILIT BE WORTHY MEN OF THE TOUN. ITEM, ANE OTHIR RESOUN: QUHEN I WAS FEIT WITH ZOW, I HAD NOCHT ADO IN MY AWIN HOUS, AND NOW SEN SYNE, A TYRANE MAN IS RYSYN IN THE LAND, QUHILK MAKIS ME WERE TO MY PLACE, AND MY MENZE, THE QUHILK, BOT I REMEDE, I AM LYKE TO TYNE UP ALL, BATHE WYF, BARNIS, AND MENZE, LAND, LYTHE, AND PLACE. QUHARFORE SEN I AM, BE THE LAWE, MAIST BEHALDIN TO SOCOUR MYN AWIN THING, ME THINK ZE SULD NOCHT WARNE ME LEVE, LEVAND ANE ALS SUFFICIAND IN MY STEDE TO DO ALL THAT I AW TO DO, AND IT

IS SA THAT THE THING BELANGIS MY SELF, AND I AM BE NATURALE RESOUN, AND ALS BE THE ORDRE OF CHERITEE MARE BEHALDYN TO MY SELF NA TILL ONY OTHIR, THE NECESSITEE, NATURE, AND CHERITEE, LOUSIS MY BAND TO ZOW, NOCHT BREKAND MY LEAUTEE, BE ALL LAWIS BATHE OF NATURE, OF GOD, AND OF MAN. THAN ANSUERIS THE LORD THUS, FREND, THOU KENNIS AND WATE QUHAT CONDICIOUN THOU HAS MAID TO ME AND HOW STRAYTELY THOU ART OBLIST TO ME, THE QUHILK THOU HAS SUORNE BE THY LAUTEE, AND THE FAITH THOU HALDIS OF THY GOD, AND THY CRISTYNDOME, AND TO THAT THING TO BE KEPIT THOU HAS MAID THE GRETE ATHE. HOW THAN MAY THOU CUM AGAYNE THINE ATHE, AND THY LAUTEE, ON THYNE AWIN MOVEMENT AND AUTORITEE? ALSSUA, THOU MAY KEPE THYNE ATHE, AND NOCHT TYNE THY SAULE, FOR ATHE AGANIS SAULE HELE IS NOCHT TOBE KEPIT, NA FOR TO DO DEDELY SYN. QUHAREFORE THOU AW TO KEPE ME THY CONDICIOUNS, AND ATH, AND HECHT. TO THE QUHILK THE NOBLE DOCTOURE ANSUERIS, SAYAND, THAT HIM THINKIS THAT THE MAN OF ARMYS HAS ALL RYCHT, FOR SEN HIS CAUS IS NEDEFULL, AND RESONABLE, LAUFULL, NATURELL, AND CHERITABLE, AND SEN THAT HE WILL SETT FOR HIM ANE ALS SUFFICIENT AS HIM SELF, THE LORD SULD BE CONTENT. BOT TO LAUTEE OF THE LORDIS PARTY, CONSIDERAND THE JUREMENT OF THE MAN OF ARMES THAT MAY NOCHT LOUS HIS FAITH, BUT LEVE OF HIS LORDE, AND THAT HE HAS A SUFFICIENT MAN OF WERE, IN QUHAM HE TRAISTIS ALSMEKLE AS HIM SELFF, TO KEPE HIS PLACE, HIS MENZE, AND HIS GUDIS, THE DOCTOUR CONCLUDIS THAT THE MAN OF ARMES SALL BYDE AND SERVE HIS LORDE, AND SEND HIS CAMPIOUN TO THE KEPING OF HIS HOUS AND HIS GUDIS. AND AS TO THE RESOUNS ON BATHE THE PARTIS, I WILL NO MARE ANSUERE, BOT LEVIS THAME TO THE HERARIS OF THIS BUKE TO DISPUTE AS AMANG THAME QUHILK THAIM THINK OF THIR TWA THINGIS SULD HAVE THE MAISTRY. FOR AS FOR ME, ME THINK THE LORD HAS THE RYCHT, BE CAUS OF THE CONDICIOUN, AND THE ATHE BYNDIS ALL, (ETC)

HERE SPERIS HE: GIF A CAPITANE HAS MAID HIS MOUSTRIS (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLI ) (END OF MARG) OF HIS MEN BEFORE A PRINCE OR CHIFTAYNE, QUHETHIR HE MAY LEFULLY, EFTER THE MOUSTRIS, SEND AWAY PART OF HIS MEN. AS WE WALD SETT THE CAS, THAT A CAPITANE OF LOMBARDY WAR RESSAVIT IN WAGIS WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND THE QUHILK CAPITANE OBLISS HIM TO HALDE IN HIS COMPANY TO THE KING A HUNDER MEN OF ARMES. AND QUHEN HE CUMYS TO THE MOUSTRIS, HE SCHAWIS THAME ALL, AND TAKIS WAGIS FOR THAME, AND GERRIS WRYTE THAME IN THE CONSTABLIS BUKE THAT HE IS PAYIT FOR A ZERE. AND WITHIN A MONETH EFTER, HE SENDIS HAME PART, HE CHANGIS OTHIR PART, AND BREKIS HIS COMPANY SUBTILY, THAT THE KING WATE NOCHT, NA THE CONSTABLE. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN: GIF HE MAY LEFULLY, BUT LEVE, SEND OF HIS MEN THAT HE HAS MOUSTRIT, AND FECHE OTHIR, ANDE CHANGE AND BREK HIS COMPANY AT HIS LIST, BUT LEVE OF THE PRINCE, OR OF HIS CONSTABLE. TO THE QUHILK HE ANSUERIS THAT HE MAY DO IT BUT LEVE OF PRINCE, OR ELLIS WAR IT A HARD THING. FOR IT MAY SUFFICE TO THE KING THAT HE SERVE HIM WITH ALSMONY FOLK AS HE HAS HECHT HIM, THAT IS TO SAY ANE HUNDRETH MEN OF ARMES AS HE MAID HIM CONDICIOUN, FOR BE HIS CONDICIOUN HE NAMYT NA MAN TO HIS SERVICE, NOUTHIR JOHNE, NA WILLIAME, NA OTHIR NAME BUT ANNERLY ANE HUNDRETH MEN OF ARMES, SUFFICIENT AND COMPETENT. FOR OFT TYMES HAPNYS THAT SUM MEN OF HIS COMPANY AR FULL OF VICIS, RYOTOUS AND EVILL THEWIT, THE QUHILKIS WALD DISTROUBLE ALL THE LAVE, THE QUHILK WAR SPEDEFULL FOR ALL PARTIS THAT THAI WAR REMOVIT. SUM IS DRONKYNSUM, FERE, AND FELOUN, SUM HICHTY, HAUTAYNE, AND PRESUMPTUOUS, SUM STARK THEEF, SUM A GRETE LEARE, SUM FULL OF OTHIR VICIS, SA THAT SPEDEFULL WAR HE CHANGIT THAME, AND FOR THE BETTER, AS HE SEIS HIS AVANTAGE. FOR BE CAUS OF THE MISGOVERANCE OF SIK ANE UNGRACIOUS CREATURE, ALL A HALE COMPANY MAY TAK BATHE SCATHE AND SCHAME, THE QUHILK WAR THE KINGIS SCATHE. FOR HE TAKIS AWAY A LURDAN AND PUTTIS IN A GUDE MAN, THE KING IS THE BETTER AND ALL THE COMPANY. FOR A KING SETTIS NOCHT BY, SA THAT HE HAVE HIS NOMBRE, AND OF ALS GUDE. FOR HE MAY NOCHT KNAW WELE ALL THE NAMES OF HIS MEN OF WERE, NA SPECEALY THAT HE PAYIS ZERELY WAGIS TO, NA MAY NOCHT GOVERNE ILKE COMPANY SPECIALY, HIM SELF, THAT IS UNDER HIM. AND THARFORE COMMYTTIS HE THE GOVERNAUNCE OF EVERY COMPANY TILL A SPECIALE CAPITANE THAT HE TRAISTIS IN, AND REFERRIS HIM TO THAIR GOVERNAUNCE OF PARTICULARE COMPANYIS, AND IN GENERALE, TILL HIM SELF AND HIS CONSTABLE AND MARESCALLIS, AND OTHER GRETE MEN. FOR SA WAS BATTAILLIS WOUNT IN ALDE TYMES TO BE GOVERNYT: SUM GOVERNYT TEN, SUM (L), SUM ANE HUNDRETH, SUM FYVE HUNDRETH, SUM A THOUSAND, AND SYNE ILKANE OF THAI PARTICULER COMPANYES ANSUERED TO THE PRINCE, OR TO THE DUKE OF THE BATAILL, AND SA WAS ALL WELE GOVERNYT. AND IN THE SAMYN WYS DID OURE LORD JHESUS CRISTE. HE MAKIS SUM CURATIS, AND VICARIS OF A KIRK, SUM PERSOUNIS, SUM DENYS, SUM ARCHDENES, SUM BISCHOPIS, SUM ARCHEBISCHOPIS, SUM CARDYNALIS, SUM PATRIARCHIS, AND HIM SELF PRINCE AND GOVERNOUR OUR ALL, AND HIS APOSTOLIS IN HIS NAME, TO PRECHE AND TECHE HIS LAWIS AND HIS CRISTYN FAITH. AND ILK ANE TO BE TILL OTHIR SUBORDINATE, AND TO BE ALL GOVERNYT IN UNITEE, AND SA SULD ALL GUDE OST BE GOVERNYT, AND THUS TO THE PURPOS, I SAY, SA THAT THE CAPITANE DO IT NOCHT FOR SUBTILTEE OF DECEPCIOUN, OF BARATE, I TRAIST IT MAY LEFFULLY BE DONE. BOT SEN HE MYCHT HAVE LEVE OF THE KING, OR OF HIS CONSTABLE TO DO IT, ME THINK IT WAR BETTER HE DID IT WITH LEVE, FOR CHANGEING OF MEN THAT WATE THE KINGIS SECRETIS, AND THE SECRETIS OF HIS OST MAY DO GRETE SCATHE, GIF THAI FOR CRABBITNES WALD PAS TO THE KINGIS ADVERSARIS, AND THIS OPYNIOUN MAY BE WELE PROVIT BE OURE DOCTOURIS IN DECREIS. FOR THE CAPITANE, SUPPOS HE BE BE THE KING AND HIS COUNSALE CHOSYN, SA IS NOCHT THE COMPANY THAT HE BRINGIS, ILKANE BE THAME SELF, FOR THAIR WIT NA WISDOME, BOT AS TRAVAILLOURIS, TO TAK THE PAYNE AND THE TRAVAILL OF THE WERIS UNDER THE OBEDIENCE OF THAIR OURMEN, TO MAK SERVICE AND BERE ARMES, TO DEFEND AND ASSAILE AS A LABOUROURE, THE QUHILK ANE OTHIR PERSOUN, WELE CHOSIN, MAY SUFFICE INSTEDE OF ANE OTHIR. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF A MAN OF ARMES BECUMMYS (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLII ) (END OF MARG) SEKE IN THE WERIS, GIF HE SULD BE PAYIT OF HIS WAGIS: AS THUS, GIF A CAPITANE PASS WITH HIS FOLK BEFORE BAYONNE, EN BORDELAZ, IN GYENNE, AND LOGIS HIM IN A VILLAGE QUHARE THE CONTREE FOLK FOR THE DESPYTE OF THAME HAS ENPOYSOUND ALL THAIR WYNIS, AND THAIRE BREDE, THAT THAI HAD LEFT IN THAT VILLAGE, SA THAT THE CAPITANE AND HIS COMPANY, OR THAI WAR AVERRIT THAROF, THAI WAR ALL ENPOYSOUND, NOCHT TO THE DEDE, BOT TO LANG SEKENES FOR A HALE ZERE FOLOWAND, THAN I SPERE, QUHETHIR THAI SULD BE PAYIT OF THAT ZERIS WAGIS. AND BUT MARE ARGUMENT OR PROCESS, I TROW TREULY THAT THAI AW TO BE PAYIT, CONSIDERAND THE CAS, FOR AS IS USIT AMANG THE CHANOUNIS PREBENDARIS OF PARIS, THAT SUPPOS HE BE SEKE HE SALL NOCHT TYNE HIS DISTRIBUCIOUNS COTIDIANIS, FORTHY SA THAT HE BE WOUNT IN HIS HELE, AND IN HIS LEGE POUSTEE TO BE COTIDIANE AT GODDIS SERVICE, FOR SIK DISTRIBUCIOUNS AR NOCHT GEVIN TO NANE BOT TO THAME THAT AR PRESENT AT THE SERVICE OF GOD OF ALL THE HOURIS, AND THE HIE MESS DAYLY. FOR THE DOCTOURIS SAIS THAT HE THAT IS SEKE IS REPUTE PRESENT, FOR WAR THAI NOCHT SEKE, THAI WAR AT THE SERVICE. AND ALS THAI HAVE THE SEKENES IN THAIR LORDIS SERVICE, THAT EXCUSIS THAME. FOR WAR THAI HALE THAI WALD SERVE WITH GUDE WILL, QUHILK GUDE WILL, BE THE LAWE, IS REPUTE TILL A PERSONE FOR GUDE DEDE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, HOW THE GUDIS SULD BE DEPARTIT THAT AR WONNYN IN BATAILL, AND IN WERIS AS THUS, IT IS TO WIT, FIRST AND FORMEST, QUHAT PERSONE IT IS THAT HAS MAID THE CONQUEST OF THE GUDE IN ARMES BE THE LAWE CIVILE, AND IN QUHAT KYND OF WERIS THAT LAW OF ARMES IN CIVILE BUKIS TAKIS PLACE, THE QUHILK IS SUBTILE

TO UNDERSTAND, FOR QUHY, IT SULD BE FIRST WRTTIN, GIF THE SAID WERIS BE MAID BE COMMANDEMENT OF A PRINCE HAFAND POWER AND AUTORITEE DE JUGE, DECERNE, AND COMMAND WERIS, AS WE HAVE SPOKYN IN THE BEGYNNYNG OF OURE PRESENT BUKE OF THE BATTAILLIS, AND GIF THAI WERIS BE JUST AND RYCHTWYS OR NOCHT. BOT SUPPOS A BAROUN MAK RYCHT WERE OF DEFENCE AGAYNE ANE OTHIR BAROUN. FOR ILKE MAN IN HIS AWIN DEFENS MAKIS RYCHT WERE, FOR ALL LAWIS LEVIS ALL MANER OF MAN, TO DEFEND HIM SELF, AND HIS GUDIS AND LANDIS. BOT SUPPOS THAT BAROUN IN (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) HIS RYCHT DEFENS TAK THE TOTHIR BAROUN PRISOUNARE, HIS CORPS IS NOCHT FORFFET TILL HIM FORTHY. BOT HE MAY HALD HIS PERSOUN QUHILL HE CUM TO THE PRESENCE OF THE SOVERANE KING OF THE REALME, AND THARE ASK LAW AND JUSTICE OF HIM THAT AGAYN THE LAW HAS VEXT HIM. AND THIS IS THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE MAISTRIS THE DOCTOURIS. BOT GIF THE BAROUN THAT TAKIS HIM HALDIS HIM IN HIS PLACE, THARE QUHARE HE HAS BATHE HYE AND LAW JUSTICE, JURISDICTIOUN, ANDE POWAR TO DO JUSTICE, IN THAT CAS, SEN HE HAS FUNDYN HIM HERYAND HIS LAND, AND SLAAND HIS MEN, AND DEROBBAND THE CONTREE, SUPPOS HE WAR A FULL GRETE LORD, HE MYCHT GER HIS JUGE, SHIREF, OR BAILZE DO JUSTICE ON HIM, AL WAR HE MARE GRETE MAISTER OR GRETTER LORD NA HIM SELF THAT TAKIS HIM AND JUGIS HIM. AND SUPPOS MEN WALD ARGU THIS MATER, SAYAND HOW MYCHT HE BE BATHE JUGE AND PARTY? THARETO I ANSUERE IN DOUBLE WIS: FIRST FOR CAUS THAT, IN DEFENDAND HIS LANDIS: HE HAS TANE HIM AND PRESOUND HIM, SA THAN MAY HE, OF HIS PROPRE AUTORITEE AS LORD OF THE JURISDICTIOUN, HE MAY JUGE HIM BE THE PRIVILEGE OF DISSENSIOUN. SECUNDLY HE MAY GER JUSTIFY HIM BE WAY OF PERMISSIOUN OF JUSTICE, BE THE AUTORITEE OF THE LAW, BE THE QUHILK HE KEPAND, AND GERRAND KEPE HIM THE TERMES OF LAW, HE MAY NOCHT FAILE NA MAK FAULT IN, SEN LAW LEVIS IT TO BE DONE. FOR IN MY DEFENDANT APON MEN THAT ASSAILIS ME, I MAY DO TO THAME IT THAT THAI PROPOSIT TO DO TO ME, FOR THAT IS BOT TEMPORAUNCE OF DIFFENCE, RESONABLE, AND WELE MESURIT. BOT SUPPOS WE THAT HE, THAT IS THE DEFENDOUR, HAVE NOUTHER LAND NA ZIT JURISDICTIOUN NERE BY QUHARE HE TAKIS HIM. QUHETHIR GIF HE MAY ENPRISOUN HIM. TO THAT I SAY, NAY, FOR SEN HE HAS NA PRISOUN NOR NA JURISDICTIOUN, HE MAY NOCHT, BUT LEVE OF THE SOVERANE, ENPRISOUN HIM THARE. AND GIF HE PASSIS MESURE IN HIS DEFENDAND, AND USURPIS, MAKAND HIM TO PRISOUN QUHARE HE HAS NA POWER, USURPAND APON OTHIR LORDIS FREDOME, AND APON HIS KING, TO THAT OURE DOCTOURIS SAIS, GIF A MAN BE ASSAILIT IN HIS HOUS OR BE THE WAY, AND HE MAY TAK HIM, HE MAY ENPRISOUN HIM IN THE PRISOUN OF THE KIRK QUHILL HE GETT HIS GUDE AGAYNE, AND HIS SCATHIS HALE, GIF HE ONY HAS SUSTENYT, AND SUPPOS IT WAR A KIRK MAN THAT TUKE HIM, HE MYCHT GER HALD HIM IN PRISOUN QUHILL HE WAR RESTORIT, AND NA CHARGE TO FOLOW EFTER. BOT AS TILL OUR PURPOS, OF GUDIS WONNYN IN THE WERIS, SUM HALDIS OPYNIOUN THAT THE GUDIS THAT AR WONNYN IN WERIS, MOBLEIS, AR THAIRIS THAT WYNNIS THAME, OTHIR SAIS, NAY, SAYAND THAT THAI SULD PRESENT THAME TO THE DUK OF BATAILL, THAT IS THE CONSTABLE, OR THE PRINCIS DEPUTE QUHAT EVER HE BE, AND THARE HE SULD DEPART THAI MOBLE GUDIS TO HIS MENZE, EFTER AS HIM THOCHT THAI WAR OF WORTHYNES. BOT AS OF GUDIS WONNYN APON INYMYES, BOT ONY QUESTIOUN, AR THAIRIS THAT WYNNIS THAME, THAT IS TO SAY MEUBLEIS. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR GIF A (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLIIII ) (END OF MARG) MAN MAY LEFULLY HALD THE GUDIS THAT HE TAKIS FRA A THEF THAT HAS REFT HIM, OR WALD HAVE REFT HIM BE THE WAY. AS THUS, I AM IN MY TRAVAILL PASSAND TO FRAUNCE, AND METIS IN MY WAY A THEF, THE QUHILK WALD REVE ME THE HORS THAT I RYDE ON, AND MYN OTHIR GERE THAT IS NEDEFULL TO ME, THAT I MAY NOCHT FORGA GUDELY, AND I DEFEND ME SA AGAYNE THAT THEF THAT I DYNG HIM WELE, AND TAKIS FRA HIM IT THAT HE WALD HAVE TANE FRA ME, BATHE HORS, AND OTHIR GERE. THAN IS THIS THE QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR I MAY LEFULLY HALD THIS GUDIS THAT I TAK FRA HIM THAT WALD HAVE REFT ME. AND BE RESOUN ME THINK THAT IT SULD BE SA, AND THE RESOUN QUHY IS FOR LAW LEVIS ALL RYCHTWIS DEFENCE QUHEN IT PASSIS NOCHT THE TERMES OF THE OFFENS. AS GIF A MAN WALD GEVE ME A NEF STRAKE, AND I WALD GEVE AGAIN A STRAKE WITH A SUERD OR A SPERE, THAT PASSIS THE TERMES OF THE OFFENS, FOR GIF HE WALD STRIKE ME WITH HIS HAND, AND I STRIKE HIM AGAYNE WITH MY NEVE, THAT IS SUM PART MARE LIKE TO RESOUN. AND, THARFORE, GIF THE THEF WALD REVE MY HORS AND MY GERE, AND I TAK FRA HIM HIS HORS AND HIS GERE, ME THINK I PAS NOCHT THE TERMES OF RESOUN. AND SUPPOS HE RAID ON A BETTER HORS NA I DID, ME THINK I SULD NOCHT LEVE HIM HIS HORS, FOR AND I LEFT HIM HIS HORS, HE MYCHT, EFTER THAT I HAD TANE HIS GERE AND DONGIN HIM, HE MYCHT PAS, THROU SPEDE OF HORS, TILL HIS FALOUSCHIP, OR FRENDSCHIP, AND SEMBLE MARE COMPANY, AND CUM AND OURSETT ME, AND PUT ME TO NOCHT. AND THARFOR TREULY ME THINK THAT ALL THAT I MAY GETT APON HIM, UNSLAAND HIM, ME THINK I SULD TAK FRA HIM, AND NEVER GEVE HIM A PENYWORTH THAROF. BOT AS TO THIS MATER, IT IS TO WIT THAT SIK A CAS AS THIS IS NOCHT A THING THAT IS PRIVILEGIT AS IS RYCHTWIS WERE, FOR IN RYCHTWIS WERE ALL THAT A MAN MAY GET OF HIS FAA IS WELE WONNYN. BOT I SPERE AT THE, QUHAT RYCHT HAS A THEF TO TAK MY GERE OR I HIS GERE? I MAY LEFULLY DEFEND ME FRA HIS EVILL, BOT NOCHT LEFULLY TAK HIS GERE, NA HE MYN, BUT DEDELY SYN. NEVERTHELES I SAY NOCHT NA IT IS LEFULL TO TAK HIS GERE, AND HIS HORS, AND KEPE THAME QUHILL HE BE QUYTE OF HIS EVILL, FOR ALL THAT IS BOT MY DEFENCE. BOT I AM BEHALDYN TO PRESENT THAME TO THE LORD OF THE JUSTICE OF THAT CONTREE, AND ASK HIM LAW AND RESOUN, AND TO MEND MY SCATHE, AND TO HALD ME HARMLES OF THE THEF AND HIS PARTY. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR TWA CITEIS, THE QUHILKIS KNAWIS THAME NOCHT, HALDAND OF NA SOVERANE LORDE, MAY MAK WERE, THE TANE AGAYNE THE TOTHIR AS MEN WALD SAY, FLORENCE, OR PYS, OR GENUIS, OR VENYS, OR SYKLYKE. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN, GIF THE GUDIS OR LANDIS THAT ILKANE WYNNIS ON OTHIR IS RYCHTWISLY WONNYN, AND OF RYCHT MAY REMAYNE WITH THE WYNNARIS. AND AS THE FIRST ANSUERE, ME THINK IT AW NA MAY NOCHT BE WELE WONNYN, NA WELE, NA LAWFULLY HALDYN. AND THE CAUS QUHY: FOR GUDIS MAY NOCHT BE RYCHTWISLY WONNYN IN WERE, BOT GIF THE WERE BE DECRETE OF LAW, WAR DECERNIT, AND JUGIT RYCHTWIS QUHARE THE GUDIS AR WONNYN. HOW THAN MAY THAI CITEIS THAT AW OF RYCHT TO BE SUBJECTES TO THE EMPIRE, SUPPOS THAI BE BE FORS HALDIN FRA HIS JURISDICTIOUN, HOW MAY THAI, BEAND UNDER SUBJECTIOUN, JUGE ONY WERE TO BE RYCHTWIS, SEN IT EFFERIS THE EMPEROUR TO JUGE THAME, AND THE INHABITANTIS OF THAME? OF THE QUHILKIS IT IS TO BE WELE UNDERSTANDIN THE CITEIS THAT AR IN LUMBARDY. FOR THAI THAT BE FORS OF POWER HAS LANG TYME OCCUPYIT JURISDICTIOUN IMPERIALE, AND BE PRESCRIPCIOUN OF TYME IS PAST DATE, AND IS ACCUSTUMYT TO JUGE THE WERIS TO BE RYCHTWYS OR WRANGWIS, NOCHTGAYNSTANDING THAT THAI WAR BEHALDIN TO KEPE OBEDIENCE TO THAIR SOVERANE. ZIT SAY I THAT THE GUDIS THAT THE TANE WYNNIS ON THE TOTHIR IS THAIRIS THAT WYNNIS. AND ZIT NOCHT THAN PRESCRIPCIOUN AGAYN OBEDIENCE PASS NEVER TYME, FOR THARE IS A DECREET THAT SAIS THAT THE CITEE SULDE BE WELE PUNYST THAT REVENGIS NOCHT HIR BURGEIS SUPPRESIT, OR OPPREST WRANGWISLY. FOR SUPPOS I BE REBELLOUR, NOCHT RYCHTWISLY, TO MY LORD, ZIT MAY I LEFULLY DEFEND ME AGAYNE OTHIR THAT WALD SUPPRIS ME WRANGWISLY, AND SA MAY THAI CITEIS ILK ANE AGANIS OTHIR. AND THARFORE IN DEFAULT OF SOVERANE THAI MAY JUGE WERE TO BE RYCHTWIS OR NOCHT IN THAMESELF. AND THUS UNDERSTAND WE THE LAWIS CIVILE, AND THE DECREIS, AND THUS MAY A JUGE CONTENT, AND RYCHTWISLY JUGE PES OR WERE IN THAI CITEIS, SUPPOS

THAI HAVE NA SOVERANE TO QUHAM THAI WEY, BOT ANERLY GOD ALLANE, THE QUHILK IS SOVERANE TILL ALL MEN. BOT ANE OTHIR WERE OF LAW IS, QUHETHIR, GIF THE FOLK THAT AR TANE IN SIK WERIS BE BONDIS TO THAME THAT TAKIS THAME, OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THAT, THE ANCIEN LAWIS ORDANYT THAT QUHASA WAR TANE IN SIK WERIS, THAI WAR SLAVIS AND BONDIS TO THAIR TAKARIS, AND MYCHT BE SAULD IN THE MERCATE BE THAIR TAKARIS AS COW OR OX, OR HE MYCHT SLA HIM GIF HE LYKIT, OR DO ONY OTHIR THING WITH HIM THAT HIM LIST. BOT NOW IN THIR WERIS GIF A CRISTYN MAN TAK ANE OTHIR, QUHETHIR GIF HE MAY THUS DO, I SAY TREULY, NAY. FOR THAI ALDE LAWIS AR NOCHT NOW ON DAYS USIT AMANG CRISTYN FOLK, FOR IT IS NOUTHER GODLYKE NA MANLYKE TO BE DONE, NA TO BE THOLIT TO SELL A CRISTYN CREATURE THAT WAS BOUCHT OUT OF THRALDOME BE THE PRECIOUS BLUDE OF JHESU CRIST OURE LORD SOVERANE. AND SEN HE HAS MAID MAN FREE, HE SULD THRILL HIS BROTHER. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN, BE THE LAWIS THAT NOW IS, MAY SLA HIS PRISOUNARE AT HIS AWIN WILL. AND AS TO THAT POYNT, I TRAIST THAT A MAN MAY IN BRETHE AND HETE, IN FELDE QUHEN HE HES A PRISOUNARE NEWLY TANE, HE MAY SLA HIM AT HIS AWIN WILL. BOT QUHEN HE HAS TANE HIM AND LED HIM HAME, BUT NEW CAUS HE AW NOCHT TO SLA HIM, AND GIF HE DOIS, HE AW TO ANSUERE BEFORE GOD, AND BEFORE THE JUSTICE AND THE LORD. FOR QUHY TO SLA IN THE FELDE OF BATTAILL IT IS PERMYTTIT BE THE LAWE, AND BE THE LORD OF THE BATAILL DECRETIT, BOT OUT OF BATAILL NANE HAS POWER BOT THE LORD AND THE JUSTICE, BOT GIF IT BE IN DEFENS. FOR THE PRINCE MAY MOVE WERE BE LAW, AND OTHIR WAYIS SLAY BE JUGEMENT ORDINARE. BOT HE THAT IS NOW IN PRISOUN AND HAS MAID NANE OTHIR CAUS EFTERWART, SULD NOCHT BE LAW, BE THAN PUT TO DEDE AT THE IRE OF HIS TAKARIS. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT QUHEN A MAN IS IN PRISOUN, THAN MERCI IS AUCHT HIM BE RESOUN, AND THAN QUHA HAFAND JURISDICTIOUN SLAIS A MAN BUT

JUSTICE, TYNIS HIS JURISDICTIOUN: ( QUIA PRIVELEGIUM MERETUR AMITTERE QUI PROMISSA SIBI ABUTITUR POTENTE ) NEVERTHELES GIF THE PRINCE THINKIS THAT THROU SIK A MAN THE WERE WALD BE CONTINEWIT, AND THE PES BROKYN, IT WAR THAN SPEDEFULL THAT SIK A MAN WAR PUT OFF FOR THE BETTER, BOT THAT MAY NOCHT DO HIS TAKARE, BUT GRETE CAUS NEW MAID. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR GIF A MAN MAY BE JUGEMENT ASK GOLD OR SILVER AT HIS PRISONARE FOR RANSOUN OR OTHIR RICHESS, TO THE QUHILK I SAY, NAY. FOR THE LAW SAIS, QUHEN A MAN IS PRISONARE MERCI IS AUCHT HIM, HOW SULD HE THAN PAY RANSOUN? FOR SEN MERCI IS AUCHT HIM, IT MON BE PAYIT HIM, FOR IT WAR A WRANG MERCI TO GER HIM PAY RANSOUN. AND NEVERTHELES, SUPPOS HIS MAISTER UNLEFULLY ASK HIM FYNAUNCE, ZIT MAY HE LEFULLY PAY FYNAUNCE, BUT CHARGE, TO SAUF HIS LYF AND HIS HELE. AND THAN SEN IT IS UNLEFULL TO BE ASKIT FINAUNCE, HOW MAY IT BE THAT, BE THE LAW OF ARMES, MEN SULD TAK FYNAUNCE OF THAIR PRISONARIS, AND HOW MAY MEN DEFEND IT LAUFULLY? AND THARFORE AS FOR THE TOTHIR PART FOR THE LAW WRITTIN SAIS THAT QUHEN WERE IS DECERNIT AND JUGIT RYCHTWIS BETUIX TWA PRINCIS, ALL THAT A MAN MAY WYN OF HIS INYMY IS WELE WONNYN, AND OF GUDE RYCHT HE MAY HALD IT. AND THARFORE, SEN HE HALDIS THE PERSONE IN HIS PRISOUN, AND TO LAT HIM GA HE MAY HAVE HIS GUDIS, QUHY SULD HE NOCHT TAK THAME BUT BLAME OR REPRUF? ITEM, AND A MAN HAD APON HIM IN BATAILL ALL HIS RICHESS, IN JOWELLIS AND HARNEIS, THAY WAR FRELY CONQUEST TILL HIM THAT TAKIS HIM, BE THE WRYTIN LAW. QUHARFORE THAN MAY HE NOCHT ALSWELE GER HIM SEND AND FECHE THAME TILL HIM, OR HE LAT HIM PAS FRA HIM? ALSSUA, BE THE WRITTIN LAWE, GUDE CUSTUM AND USAGE IS APPROVIT, AND IT IS CLERE THING ALL CRISTYN FOLK, LYTILL AND MEKLE, HAS THIS CUSTUME TO TAK RANSOUN AND FINAUNCE, ILKANE FRA OTHIR. LAT US SE THAN BE QUHAT LAW

OR RESOUN IT MAY BE SUSTENYT TO TAK FYNAUNCE. BOT FIRST I SAY TREWLY THAT, BE THE LAWE, QUHEN A PRISONARE IS TANE, MERCI IS AUCHT HIM AND THAT HIS MAISTER AW TO DO HIM GRACE, THAT IS TO SAY THAT HIS MAISTER AW TO KEPE HIM HALE, AND FERE OF HIS PERSONE, THAT NANE DO HIM WRANG, NA UNCOURTASY OF HIS PERSONE, NA IN HIS HONOUR , NA TO DEFOULE HIM IN HIS PERSOUN, SEN HE HAS HIM IN KEPING, AND AT HIS MERCI, AND SULD MYNESTER HIM LYFING SUFFICIANDLY EFTER HIS ESTATE, AT HIS POWER, AND MAK HIM GUDE AND FREE CHERE QUHILL HE IS WITH HIM, AND GUDE COMPANY FOR THE HONOUR OF GOD LOVAND HIM, THAT HAS GEVIN HIM GRACE AND FORTUNE TO HAVE VICTORYE OF HIS FAA. AND GIF HIM THINKIS HE WILL HAVE SUM COURTASY FOR HIS SAUFING AND KEPING, AND COSTIS MAKING, TAK IT SA GENTILY AND FAVOURABILY AND SA COURTASLY, EFTER HIS POWER AND POSSIBILITEE, AND EFTER THE CUSTUM OF THE CONTREE, AND THE USAUNCE OF THE WERIS, THAT IT BE NOUTHIR DISHERISOUN NA HERISCHIP TILL HIM, NA HIS WYF, NA HIS BARNIS NA FRENDIS, FOR RESOUN AND LAW WILL THAT THAI HAVE SUM THING TO LYVE ON, EFTER THAT HE HAVE PAYIT HIS RANSOUN OF QUHILK GIF HE DOIS THE CONTRAIR HE IS NOCHT GENTILL, NA COURTAS, NA WORTHY MAN OF WERE, BOT ERAR SULD BE REPUTE ANE UNCONNAND TYRANE MAN, UNWORTHY TO BE AMANG GUDE MEN OF ARMES. BOT GOD WATE, AND SEIS HOW DAYLY THE MEN OF WERE THAT NOW AR, HOW THAI DO ALL THE CONTRAIR, AND HOW THAI GER THE PURE CREATURIS PAY FINAUNCE UNRESONABLE, QUHILKIS AR BOT PORE LABOURARIS OF THE CORNIS AND WYNIS, AND OTHIR PORE LABOURARIS THAT MYNISTERIS OF THAIR LABOUR LYFING TO ALL THE STATIS OF THE WARLDE, OFF THE QUHILK IT IS GRETE DOLOUR AND PITEE TO HERE AND SEE THE CRUELL MARTERDOME THAT IS DONE APON THAME DAYLY, BUT PITEE, NA MERCI, NA CHERITEE, THE QUHILKIS CAN NOUTHIR EVILL DO, NA EVILL SAY, NA EVILL THINK, TO NANE ERDLY MAN NA WOMMAN. BOT DOIS GUDE TILL ALL FOLK BATHE PAPE, KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS, AND ALL OTHIR LORDIS AND ESTATIS HAS BATHE METE, DRINK AND

CLETHING THROU THAME, AND NANE HAS PITEE OF THAME AND THARFORE MON WE ZIT MARE SPEKE OF THAME IN THIS CHAPITER. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF FOR THE WERIS THAT IS BETUIX THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE AND OF INGLAND, QUHETHIR GIF THE FRANCHE MEN MAY LEFULLY TAK AND ENPRISOUN THE PURE LABOURARIS OF INGLAND, AND TAK THAIR GUDIS AS GIF THE KINGIS MEN OF FRAUNCE MAY FOR OCCASIOUN OF THE WERIS OF THE REALMES, OURRYN THE LANDIS OF INGLAND AND TAK THE PURE LABOURARIS PRISOUNARIS, AND ESCHETE THAIRE GUDIS THAT DOIS NA MAN SCATHE, AND DOIS GUDE TILL ALL MEN, AS MERCHANDIS AND TRAVAILOURIS BETUIX REALMES, THAT SERVIS REALMES, AND BRINGIS IN ANE THINGIS THAT AR NEDEFULL AND THAT IS NOCHT IN ANE OTHIR, THROU THE QUHILKIS LABOURARIS MERCHANDIS AND MEN OF CRAFT, ALL THE WARLD IS SUSTEYNIT. AND AS TO THE FIRST SICHT, IT SEMYS THAT NAY FOR QUHY THARE SULD NA MAN BERE ANE OTHERIS SYNNIS. FOR QUHY THAN SULD THE PURE LABOURARIS, MERCHANDIS, AND MEN OF CRAFT BERE THE CHARGE OF THE LORDIS SYN? ITEM ANE OTHIR RESOUN, QUHY SULD BE IMPUT TILL ONY MAN A FAULT OF MISDEDE OF A THING THAT HE ENTERMETTIS HIM NOCHT WITH? BOT ALL MEN SEIS AND WATE THAT THE PURE LABOURERIS, AND SIK MEN, ENTERMETTIS THAME NOCHT WITH JUGEING, NA ORDANYNG, NA GOVERNYNG OF WERIS. QUHY THAN SULD THAI BE BLAMYT THARFORE, SEN THAY IN NA WAY ENTERMETTIS THAME THARWITH, NA HAS NA JOY, NA PLESAUNCE NA GEVIS NA GUDE WILL THARETO? FOR THAI DESYRE NATHING SA MEKLE AS TO LYVE IN PES EVER. BE QUHAT RESOUN, THAN, SULD MEN OUR-RYN THAME? ITEM BE ALL LAW RESOUN NATURALE AND MORALE VERTU, ILKE MAN SULD BE JUGIT, AND DEMAYNIT EFTER HIS ESTATE AND QUALITEE, AND SA SULD BE SERVIT. BOT ALL THE WARLD WATE WELE THAT THIR PURE FOLK HAS NA CHARGE, NA TAKIS NA LYFING, NA PARTAGE OF THE WERIS, NA OF THE WYNNYNG OF ARMES. QUHY THAN SULD THAI BE OPREST BE WERE, OR DEDE OF ARMES? FOR SUPPOS

THE WERE WAR NEVER SA CRUELL, ZIT WILL NA MEN OF WERE NOUTHIR SLA PRISOUNARIS, MEN OF RELIGIOUN, NA PURE PRESTIS NA HERMETIS, NA ZIT DEROB THAME, NA REVE THAME THAIR GUDIS, FOR QUHY THAI MELL THAME NOCHT THAREWITH, NA THAIR CRAFT, NA CURE IS NOCHT IN ARMES OF ERDLY WERIS. AND SA IN THE SAMYN WIS DOIS NOCHT THE PURE LABOURARIS, NA MERCHANDIS. ITEM, EFTER THE HONOUR OF ARMES AND WARLDLY LOS, QUHAT HONOUR OR LOS MAY A WORTHY MAN OF ARMES WYN TO OUTHIR SLA, OR ENPRISOUN A PURE CREATURE THAT NEVER MAID WERE, NOR NEVER BARE HARNEIS, NA WAPPIN, NA CAN NOUTHIR PUT ARMOUR ON HIM SELF, NA APON OTHIR MAN SAMEKLE AS A HAUBERGEOUN TO PUT ON HIM, WATE NOCHT QUHAT SYDE SULD BE BEFORE QUHAT BEHYND, NA CAN NOCHT BOUCHE ON BASSINET, NA LEG HARNAIS, BRASSERE NA CURASS? NA QUHAT HONOUR WAR IT TO SLAA A SELY PURE MAN INNOCENT, THAT CAN NOCHT ELLIS DO BOT SITT ON THE FELDE, WITH HIS CATALL OR HIS SCHEPE AND ETE A SELY PECE OF BREDE BOT ONY KYCHYN, AND IN THE SCHARP SCHOURIS HYDE HIM IN THE BUSKIS? QUHAT CAUS MAKIS THIR SELY CREATURIS FOR TO BE WARRAYIT? AND ZIT, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THIR RESOUNIS, OURE MAISTERIS AND DOCTOURIS SAID THAT GIF THE PEPLE SUBJECT TO THE KING FAVOURIS HIM AND HIS OPYNIOUNIS AGANIS THE KING OF FRAUNCE, THE MEN OF WERE OF FRANCE MAY LEFULLY TAK THAIR GUDIS, AND WARRAY THAME, AND TAK LYFING OF THAIR GUDIS, AND TAK THAIR PERSOUNS, AND QUHAT THAT THAI MAY GET OF THAME, AND OF THAIRIS. NA IS NOCHT BEHALDYN AS TO GODWART, TO RESTORE AGAYN NATHING THAT THAI TAK OF THAIRIS, FOR QUHEN THE SUBJECTIS OF THE REALME AR MICHTY AND FULL OF GUDIS, IT MAKIS THE PRINCIS AND WARRYOURIS WANTOUNE, ANDE MARE WILFULL TO MAK WERE TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE. AND THARFORE AR THE FRANCHE MEN HALDIN TO TAK THARE THAIR GUDIS THAT THAI BE NOCHT SA MYCHTY, NA FORCY TO MANETENE THAIR WRANGWIS WERIS AGANIS THE REALME OF FRAUNCE. FOR QUHEN MEN TAKIS THE BRANDIS FRA THE GRETE FYRE, IT SLOKIS THE SONAR. BOT AND THE

PEPLE OF INGLAND FAVOURE NOCHT THE WERIS AGAYN FRANCE NA WILL NOCHT MANETENE THAME, NA FORTHIR THAME IN THAIR WERIS, TREULY THE FRANCHE MEN IN THAT CAS AR NOCHT BEHALDIN TO MAK WERE ON THAME NA TO TAK THAME PRISONARIS, NA MAK ESCHETE OF THAIR GUDIS IN NA MANER OF WIS BE NA RESOUN. QUHILKIS GIF THAI DO THE CONTRAIRE, THAI AR BEHALDIN TILL ANSUERE BEFORE GOD, AND THE WARLD BE VERAY LAW AND JUGEMENT, AND BE NATURALE RESOUN. AND QUHEN THE WERIS AR JUGIT OPINLY TOBE RYCHTWIS, AND BROKYN UP, AND PROCLAMYT BETUIX THE TWA REALMES, THAN MAY THE WARRAYOURIS, WITH ALL FORCE AND POWER, WYN ALL THAT THAI MAY LEVEFULLY AND FORSABILY GET, BE FORS OF ARMES IN OPYN WERE, APON ONY THINGIS THAT BELANGIS THE REALMES OR THAIR POWER, AND GIF INNOCENT FOLK TAKIS SCATHE, THAN, IN SIK OPYN WERIS, THE PRINCE NA THE WERE MEN MAY NOCHT DO WITH, NA SET REMEDE, QUHEN ALL GAIS TILL ALL. FOR AS OTHIR TYMES I HAVE SAID BEFORE, A GUDE GARDENARE MON QUHILUM TAK THE GUDE HERBIS AMANG THE EVILL, QUHEN HE WEDIS HIS HERBARE. FOR THE EVILL HERBIS MAY NOCHT BE GUDELY RUGGIT UP BE THE RUTIS, BOT SUM OTHIR OF THE GUDE HERBIS THAT AR NERE THAIM, NEXT NYCHTBOURIS, MON BE RUGGIT UP WITH THAME THAT AR SA OUR NERE TOGEDER. AND SA MAY IT BE UNDERSTANDIN BE THE MEN OF WERE THAT MAY NOCHT DESTROY THE WIKKIT MEN OF WERE THAT AR THAIR INYMYES, BOT QUHILUM THE GUDE FOLK HAS SCHATHE, BATHE IN BODY AND GUDIS, BOT THAN STANDIS THARE THE WISDOME AND THE VAILLAUNCE OF A NOBLE MAN OF ARMES, TO CONSIDER IN HIS HERT IN THE WERIS, THE STATE, AND THE QUALITEE OF THE PERSOUNS, AND EFTER THAIR DESERTIS DO THAME HUMANETEE, GENTRIS AND CURTAISY, AND, NAMELY, THE SYMPLE PURE CREATURIS THAT WE HAVE BEFORE SAID OF (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XLIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF IT BE LEFULL THING AND WORSCHIPFULL IN THE WERIS, THAT A KING OR A PRINCE OURTHRAWE ANE OTHIR WITH CAUTELE AND SUBTILITEE IN WERIS,

QUHILK IS HIS INYMY. AND AS TO THAT POYNT I PREVE ZOU FIRST THAT NAY, IT SULD NOCHT BE. AND THE RESOUN IS: FOR SUPPOS THE WERE BE RYCHTIWIS AND RESONABLE ZIT BE THE WRITTIN LAW, AS THARE IS LAW, SA IS THARE ORDOUR OF LAWE. AS SUPPOS A MAN AUCHT ME TEN MERKIS, ZIT AW I NOCHT BE CAUTELE NA SUTELTEE TO TAK HIS GUDIS THARFORE FORSABLY, BUT ORDOUR OF LAW, NA TO SLA HIS PERSOUN, NA PUT HIM OUT OF HIS HOUS, OR HIS HERITAGE. BOT I SULD PLENZE ME TILL HIS JUGE, AND ASK RYCHT AND LAW OF HIM, BE RYCHTWIS, JUGEMENT, AND NOCHT BE FORS BARAT, NA MALE ENGYNE TO OURCUM HIM. ALSSUA ALL KINGIS AND PRINCIS WATE WELE THAT OURE LORD JHESU CRIST IS KING OF KINGS, AND HE SAIS THAT IN THIS ERDE QUHEN HE WAS, NOUTHIR WALD HE PRECHE, NA TECHE, NA RYCHT NOCHT DO IN HIDDILIS. BOT ALL THING THAT HE DID HE DID OPINLY, IN PLAYNE AUDIENCE. AND SEN ALL HIS DEDIS HE DID FOR OURE INSTRUCTIOUN, ME THINK RYCHT SA THAT OTHIR KINGIS AND PRINCIS SULD NOCHT DO IN HIOILIS NA WITH CAUTELIS, NA BARAT TILL OUR CUM ANE OTHIR KING, ALSET HE WAR THAIR INYMY. FOR GOD REPROVIS ALL DEDIS DONE IN MYRKNES AND OBSCURITEE, NA WITH DISSAIT, NA SUBTILITEE. AND SEN IT IS AGANIS GOD AND HIS DOCTRINE, ME THINK BE ALL MEN IT SULD BE FORBORNE. AND ZIT A MARE RESOUN AND STARK: FOR ALL GUDE CREATURE THAT TRAISTIS THAT THAIR QUERELE IS GUDE SULD HAVE THAIR TRAIST IN GOD ANERLY, AND NOCHT IN SUTELTEE OF THAIR AWIN ENGYNE, THROU MALICE, OR BARAT. FOR GOD FORTHERIS ALL GUDE RYCHT, AND THARFORE SAIS THE KING DAVID, THE HALY PROPHET, ( NON IN ARCU MEO SPERABO, NEC GLADIUS MEUS SALVABIT ME ) SAYAND HE TRAISTIT NOUTHIR THAT BOW, NA SUERD SULD SAVE HIM BOT GOD AND HIS GUDE QUERELE, ALSSUA BE THE HALY WRYTT A MAN SULD NOCHT DO TILL ANE OTHIR, BOT AS HE WALD HE DID TILL HIM. AND ALL MAN WATE WELL THAT HE IS NOCHT IN WARLD THAT WALD THAT HIS NYCHTBOUR OURCOME HIM WITH SUTELTEE, NA WITH BARATE, IN WERE NA PES. HOW MAY THAN A MAN DO TILL OTHIR SIK DISSAIT, UNGREVAND GOD, ALLSET HE WAR OUTHIR

KING OR EMPEROURE? AND ZIT, ALL THIR RESOUNS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, I HALD ALL THE CONTRAIR. FOR TREWLY I SAY, THAT FRA THE WERIS BE DECLARIT RYCHTWIS, AND JUGIT AS SA, AND NOTIFYIT TO THE INYMYES OF A PRINCE OR KING, BE ALL LAWIS OF ARMES I AM BEHALDIN, WITH ALL MANER OF SUTELTEE AND ENGYNE, AND BARAT THAT MY WIT CAN DEVIS, BUT DEDELY SYN, THAT IS TO SAY NOCHT BREKAND GUDE FAITH, AND NAMELY FRA TREWIS BE GEVIN OUR, AND DIFFIAUNCE MAID. FOR OURE LORD JHESUS HIM SELF GEVIS US TECHING THAREAPON, QUHEN HE SAID TO JOSUE HOW HE SULD SETT ANE ENBUSCHMENT BEHYND HIS INYMYES, AND THROU THAT ENBUSCHMENT HE SULD VENCUS THAME ALL BUT DREDE. BOT TO MARE CLERELY UNDERSTAND THIS MATER TREULY, GIF I SEND FOR MYN INYMY TO DESIRE SPECHE OF HIM, FOR ONY CAUS OF TRETY, OR SEURTEE, OR OTHIR WAYIS, AND I DISSAVE HYM UNDER THAT ASSURAUNCE QUHILK I HECHT HIM SEKERLY, THAT HE SALL SEURLY CUM AND GANG UNHARMYT OF ME OR ONY OF MYN, OR OF MY WITTING OR PURCHAS, TREULY AND I OUTHIR TAK HIM OR PRISOUN HIM, OR OTHIR WAYIS DO HIM ONY VIOLENCE OR GREF IN ONY WYS, I BREK MY LAW AND BREVIS MYN HONOUR, AGAIN GOD AND GUDE FAITH. OR ZIT GIF I TUKE TREWIS WITH MYN INYMY, AND UNDER THAI TREWIS TUKE A CASTELL OR WALLIT TOUNE, OR ELLIS OUR RAID HIS LANDIS, AND DESTROYIT OR DISPOILIT THAME, I KEPE NOCHT MY LAUTEE NA MYN ATHE, NA MYN HONOURE, AND AW TO RESTORE HIM, AND MAK HIS SCATHIS HALE, AND MAK HIM GRETE AMENDIS. BOT THARE IS OTHIR SUTELTEIS YNEW THAT MEN MAY US TO BARATE THAIR INYMYES, AS TO LAY ENBUSCHIS OUT OF TREWIS, OR ZIT GER SPY THAME, AND SE QUHEN THAY AR IN DISARAY, AND WATE THAME AT THE WANLAS, OR ZIT, IN BATAILL, DISSAVE THAME, TO GEVE THAME THE SONNE IN THAIR FACE, OR THE WYND, AND THE POUDER IN THAIR FACE, OR TO GEVE THAME THE WERR FELDE, OUTHIR LAWAR OR IN A MYRE, QUHARE THAI MAY NOCHT WELE SEMBLE, NA TO HELP THAME SELFF, OR TO FYND WAYES TO STRYKE DOUNE THAIR BANNER OR THAIR STANDART. BOT ZIT, I HALD THAT A KING SULD NOCHT HAVE SAMEKLE TRAIST

IN GODDIS HELP, BOT HE SULD HELP HIM SELF IN ALL MANER GUDELY BUT FAITH BREKING OR OF SYN COMMYTTING, FOR THE LAW WRITTIN SAIS ( QUOD LICITUM EST INIMICO INIMICUM DECIPERE DOLOSE DUMMODO NON RUMPATUR FIDES. ) BOT A PRINCE SULD FIRST SETT HIM IN RYCHTWIS QUERELE, AND SYNE SULD PURVAY HIM OF WIS COUNSALE BEFORE ALL THING, AND SYNE OF GUDE WORTHY MEN OF WERE AND OF GUDE RENOUNE. AND SYNE TO DO GUDE DILIGENCE, AND PRAY GOD TO HELP HIM ITHANDLY AND LYVE CLENELY, AND SETT HIS TRAIST ALL IN GOD WITH HIS AWIN GUDE GOVERNAUNCE. FOR THE WYS MAN SAIS ( FACIAT HOMO QUOD IN SE EST, ET DEUS IMPLEBIT ) LAT MAN DO THAT IN HIM IS, AND SYNE TRAIST IN GODDIS HELP, AND HE SALL SUPPLEE HIS GUDE RYCHT. (MARG)( CAPITULUM XLX)(END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR BATAILL MAY BE LEFULLY DONE ON A FESTUALE DAY. AND FIRST I ARGU THAT IT AW NOCHT TO BE. FOR THE FESTUALE DAY IS ORDANYT TO SERVE GOD APON ANERLY, AND BE THAT WAY SULD NANE OTHIR WERIS BE DONE THAT DAY, BOT THAT WAR GODLYKE, AS SAIS THE DECREIS. BOT HERE I MAY PREVE AGANIS THIS, THAT BATAILL MAY WELE BE DONE ON A FESTUALE DAY, FOR THE PEPLE OF GOD OFT TYMES GAVE BATAILL IN FESTUALE DAYES. AND THARFORE I SAY TREWLY THAT FOR CAUS OF NECESSITEE IN FESTUALE TYMES MAY BE DONE BATAILL. FOR AND THE KING OF INGLAND COME AGAIN THE KING OF FRAUNCE, PROFFERAND HIM THE BATAILL ON A FESTUALE DAY, THE KING OF FRAUNCE BEHOVIT FOR HIS HONOUR ON NEDE FORCE TO GEVE HIM BATAILL QUHAT DAY THAT EVER IT WAR. AND THIS DOCTRYNE GAFE US OURE LORD JHESUS CRIST, QUHEN HE HELIT A SEKE MAN ON A FESTUALE DAY. FOR THE QUHILK CAUS THE MEDICINARIS MAY LEFULLY DO THAIR CRAFT OF MEDICYNE TO SEKE FOLK ON THE HALY DAY. BOT CERTAYNLY, BOT GIF NECESSITEE CONSTREYNIT TO GEVE BATAILL IN HALY DAY, I SAY AS ALL THE OPYNIOUNS OF OURE DOCTOURIS AND MAISTRIS SAIS THAT IT AW NOCHT TO BE DONE. BOT I SE NOCHT THAT MEN OF WERE SETTIS THAME TO KEPE THE HALY DAY FOR THAI LETT NOUTHIR

HALY DAY, NA OTHIR DAY, TO RYDE AND TAK PLACIS, OR MAK PILLERYIS OR OTHIR FORRAGIS, DO MARE THE SONDAY OR THE HALY DAY NA OTHIR WOLK DAYES ALSET IT WAR PASCHE DAY ALS ERE AS FASTYN EVIN DAY. BOT AND THAT DILIGENCE WAR DONE FOR THE SPEDE AND THE GUDE OF THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT, IT WERE WELE DONE. BOT GOD WATE HOW MONY IS NOW IN LAND THAT SETTIS THAIR HERT AND THAIR BESY CURE FOR THE UTILITEE OF THE COMMOUN PROFFIT. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR, QUHETHIR, GIF A MAN BE AWAND (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LI) (END OF MARG) ME GUDIS, AND I BE OF POWER TO TAK MY PAYMENT BE DEDE OF WERE, QUHETHIR AW I TO MAK PERSECUCIOUN AGAYNE HIM IN JUGEMENT. AS THUS, SUPPOS WE THAT A BAROUN DOIS WRANG TILL A KNYCHT OF LANG TYME, AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THE KNYCHT HAD LANG TYME ASKIT RESOUN AND JUSTICE OF THE SAID BAROUN, HE COUD NANE GET, AND SA THIS SEAND, THAT HE COUD NOCHT BE SERVIT OF JUSTICE, HE ASSEMBLIT HIM A GRETE ROUT OF MEN OF ARMES, AND PAST TO THAT LORDIS LANDIS, AND TUKE ALSMEKLE LARGELY OF HIS GUDIS, AS THE SOUME THAT THE BAROUN HELD WRANGWISLY FRA HIM. AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THIS SAID KNYCHT HAD TANE SATISFACTIOUN AND ASSITHEMENT OF THE BAROUNS GUDIS, SONE EFTER THIS, THE SAID KNYCHT FYNDIS THE SAID BAROUN AT THE TOUN OF PARIS, AND GERRIS SUMMOUND HIM BEFORE THE KING AND THE COUNSELE, AND MAKIS HIM QUESTIOUN, ASKAND HIM TO RESTORE AND REFORM THE WRANG THAT HE HALDIS HIM. THE BAROUN ANSUERIS AGAYNE, SAYAND THAT GIF HE AUCHT HIM OUCHT, HE HAS TANE RYCHT GUDE ASSYTHEMENT THARFORE. FOR THOU HES CUMMYN APON ME IN FERE OF WERE AND TANE AT THYNE AWIN HAND ALSMEKLE OR MARE NA I HELD OF THYNE. THE KNYCHT ANSUERIS AGAYNE SAYAND, CERTANE, SCHIR BAROUN, IT THAT I TUKE OF ZOURIS IS SCANTLY THE COSTIS OF THE MEN THAT I LED WITH ME TO WAKYN ZOW TO DO ME RESOUN. AND SUPPOS I HAD FER MARE TANE OF ZOURIS, IT PASSIS BOT IN DISPENS OF THE PERSUYTE OF THE PRINCIPALE. AND SEN IT IS FOR ZOUR FAULT OF ZOUR FRAWART WILL, THAT YE WILL NOCHT DO ME RESOUN, NA PAY ME IT THAT YE AW ME, NA BE NA LAW IT SULD NOCHT BE PUT IN MY COUNT, NA ALLOWIT THAT IS NOCHT DELYVERIT ME IN PAYMENT. FOR QUHY IN MY RYCHT PERSEWAND, IT IS AS THING RYCHTWISLY CONQUEST TO ME OF RYCHTWIS WERE, FOR LAW CIVILE AND LAW OF ARMES GEVIS THAT PRIVILEGE OF WERE TO THAME THAT AR OPPREST WRANGWISLY AND CAN GET NA REMEDE. THAN ANSUERIS THE BAROUN, REPLICAND THIS ARGUMENT, SAYAND THAT GUDE LAW, NA GUDE FAITH, WALD NOCHT THOLE THAT A THING SULD BE TWIS PAYIT, QUHARFOR, SEN HE HAD PAYIT HIMSELF OF ALSMEKLE SOUME OR MARE, HOW MYCHT THAT BE, THAT LAW WALD SUFFER TO MAK A NEW PAYMENT? AND THARFOR, SEN, IN ONY MANER OF WYS, ZE HAVE TANE ANYS ZOUR PAYMENT, IT MAY NEVER BE, BE LAW, THAT ZE SULD HAVE ANE OTHIR PAYMENT. AND AS TO THIS DEMAUND, BE THE LAW OF ARMES WE MAY SAY THUS, THAT TREULY, GIF THE GUDIS THAT THE KNYCHT TUKE WAR THE PROPRE GUDIS OF THE BAROUN, AND HE HAD TANE SUFFICIANDLY TO BE HIS PAYMENT, I TRAIST HE SULD NANE OTHIR PAYMENT GET. BOT GIF THAI WAR HIS PURE MENNIS GUDIS, THE QUHILKIS AUCHT HIM NOCHT, HE AW TO BE PAYIT OF THE BAROUNE OF ALL HIS SOUME OF LENTH THAT HE WAR SCATHIT OF, OR ELLIS, THAT HE GERT HIM BE QUYTE OF HIS PURE MENNIS CLAME, AND PUT THAIR SOUME IN HIS PAYMENT. AND GIF THE GUDIS THAT HE HAD TANE WAR OTHIR NYCHTBOURIS GUDE THAT HE HAD NA CLAME TO, NA AUCHT HIM NOCHT, NA PERTENYT NOCHT TILL HIM IN NATHING, HE AW TO BE PAYIT AGAINE OF ALL HIS RYCHTWIS CLAME, AND HE AW TILL ANSUERE TO THAI NYCHTBOURIS THE QUHILKIS NOUTHIR HAD WERE TO HIM, NA HE TO THAME, AND TO CONTENT THAME AGAYNE IN ALSFER AS THAI WAR DAMAGIT THROU HIM IN THAT. FOR QUHY, THAI NYCHTBOURIS MAY RECOVER THAIR GUDIS AGAYNE, AND THAN WAR HE UNPAYIT. AND SA, IN THE CAS THAT THE GUDIS WAR THE BAROUNS, OR HIS TENANDIS, HE SULD BE CONTENT THAI QUITE CLAMAND HIM IN TYME TOCUM, TO NOCHT RECLAME HIM OF THAI GUDIS, HE AW TILL ALLOW THAI GUDIS AS PAYMENT OF HIS COSTIS AND SCATHIS, IN ALSFERR AS THAI MYCHT REKE ( ETC. ) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A STARK QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR, (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LII ) (END OF MARG) AND A KNYCHT BE DEDE IN BATAILL, GIF HIS SAULE BE SAUF OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THAT IT WAR LYKE THAT IT WAR NOCHT SAUF. FOR CLERKIS HALDIS OPYNIOUN THAT QUHA EVER THAT SERVIS IN ARMES AND IN WERIS MAY NOCHT PLES GOD, FOR ARMES MAY NOCHT BE SERVIT BUT SYN. ITEM, GIF A CLERK DEIS IN BATAILL, HE SULD NOCHT BE PUT IN CRISTYN BERIS, FOR QUHY, HE DOIS AGAYN THE COMMANDEMENT OF THE KIRK. AND THE RESOUN IS, FOR A MORTALL MAN THAT DEIS IN IRE AND IN EVILL WILL IS LYKE THAT HE WAR DEDE BATHE BODY AND SAULE, SEN HE DEIS OUT OF CHERITEE. AND RYCHT SA MAY MEN THINK OF A KNYCHT. NOCHTTHAN AS LANGAND THIS MATER, WE MAY MAK THRE CONCLUSIOUNS. THE FIRST CONCLUSIOUN IS THAT TREWLY QUHAT EVER KNYCHT OR OTHIR MAN THAT DEIS IN BATAILL AGAYN THE SARRAZENIS, OR OTHIR GODDIS INYMYES, OR INYMYES OF THE FAITH, OR INYMYES OF THE VERRAY PAPE, SA THAT HE BE OUT OF DEDELY SYN, IN OTHIR WIS HE PASSIS FURTH WITH IN PARADIS, FOR SA SAIS OURE LAWIS, AND OURE FAITH SA HOLDIS. THE SECUND CONCLUSIOUN IS THAT GIF A MAN DEIS IN A JUST BATAILL, SUSTENAND A RYCHTWIS CAUS AND QUERELE, WELE CONFESSIT IN OTHIR THINGIS, I SAY TREWLY HE SALBE SAUF. THE THRID CONCLUSIOUN IS THAT GIF A MAN DEIS IN A WRANGWIS CAUS, MANETENAND A FALS OPYNIOUN, TREULY HE IS CONDAMPNYT, BOT GIF THE MERCI OF GOD GA BETUENE, THE QUHILK IS REDY TO ALL SYNNARIS. FOR WE HALD BE OURE CRISTYN FAITH THAT ALL CREATURE HUMANE THAT DEIS IN DEDELY SIN PASSIS TILL HELL BUT REDEMPCIOUNE, IN PERPETUALE DAMPNACIOUNE (ETC). HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR RYCHTWIS MEN OR SYNNARIS AR IN BATTAILL THE STARKARIS. AND FIRST HE PROVIS

THAT THE SYNNARIS AR MARE STARK IN BATAILLIS. FOR WE REDE OF A WIKKIT THEF THAT HAD NANE IN HIS COMPANY, BOT ALL THEVIS, AND REVARIS, AND PASTOURIS, WAS ALL HIS TYME KING AND SYRE OF BABILONE, AND OUR THREW ALL HIS NYCHTBOURIS, AND GREVIT AY THE GUDE AS HIM LIST, AND FAVOURIT AND NURISIT EVILL FOLK. ITEM, ALEXANDER THE CONQUEROUR, QUHILK WAS KING OF ALL THE WARLDE WAS A GRETE TYRANE, HEICHTY, HAUTANE, AVARICIOUS MISDOARE, LUXURIUS AND RYCHT VICIOUS. THE QUHILK DISTROYIT AND SLEW NEREBY ALL THE KINGIS OF THE WARLD. NA WAS NANE SA RYCHTWIS THAT HE WALD THOLE IN GOVERNAUNCE. ITEM, ANE OTHIR WIKKIT MAN CALLIT ASSUR. PUT HE NOCHT ALL THE PEPLE OF GOD IN PRISOUN BE FORCE OF ARMES? AND DESPOILIT, AND DESROBBIT ALL THE TEMPLIS THAT WAR ORDANYT TO THE SERVICE OF GOD? AND ALL THE HALY RYCHTWIS FOLK THAT HE MYCHT OURTAK HE PUT TO DEDE, AND MARTERIT THAIM, NA HAD NOUTHIR MERCI OF GUDE NA EVILL, AND HE BATHE STARK, HARDY, AND RAMPAND AS A LYOUN. AND ZIT WAS HE MAISTER, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT HE WAS A GRETE SYNNARE. AND JONATHAS, ALSSUA, WAS A WORTHY AND HARDY MAN IN ARMES, AND ZIT WAS HE A GRETE SYNNARE. ITEM, THE EMPEROUR AUTOVIEN, WAS HE NOCHT A WIKKIT MAN AND A GRETE LECHOUR? AND ZIT WAS HE HARDY, AND A STOUT MAN OF ARMES, AND CONQUEST GRETE CONTREIS TO THE IMPIRE OF ROME, AND ALMAIST ALL HALE THE WARLD PUT UNDER THAIR SUBJECTIOUN. ITEM, OLOFERNE, THE QUHILK WAS STOUT AND HARDY MAN AND MYCHTI OF WERE IN ARMES, THAT IN HIS TYME FAND NANE HIS PERE, AND MAIST TYRANE WAS APON THE PEPLE OF OURE LORDE, OFF THE QUHILKIS MATERIS I MYCHT FYND A THOUSAND ARGUMENTIS. BOT IT WAR OUR CONTRARYSUM TO REHERS. QUHARFORE I WILL PAS MARE LYCHTLY. AND AS TO THE CONTRAIR PARTY, AS DAVID, THE QUHILK WAS BOT OF LYITILL STATURE TO GRETE GOULYAS, BE HIS GRETE BOUNTEE HE VENCUST THAT GRETE GOULYAS, WITH NA HELP BOT GODDIS HELP, AND HIS SLONG AND HIS SLONG STANIS. ITEM, WE HAVE IN THE ALDE TESTAMENT, HOW ANE OF GODDIS SERVANDIS CHASSIT A THOUSAND AND ( IJ, XMQ, ) THAT IS TO SAY, MEN OF GUDE LYF CHAST OF SYNNARIS THAT WAS AGAIN THE PEPLE OF GOD, ANE CHASSIT A THOUSAND OTHIR, AND TWA CHASSIT TEN THOUSAND SYNNARIS, FOR THAT GOD WAS IN THAIR HELP. ITEM, QUHEN THE PEPLE OF GOD SULD HAVE FOUCHTYN WITH THE INYMYES OF GOD OF THE GENERACIOUN OF BENJAMYN, FOR TO HAVE REVENGIT THE SCHAME THAT THAI HAD DONE TO OURE LORDE. THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL WAS DISCOMFYTE TWYS, OR THRIS BE CAUS THAI WAR NOCHT IN GUDE ESTATE OF CONFESSIOUN, AND EFTER THAT THAI HAD SCHRYVIN THAIM, AND PUT THAME IN GUDE ESTATE, THAI WAN THAIR INYMYES. AND PUT THAME TO CONFUSIOUN, AND DISCONFITURE, QUHEN THAI HAD ASKIT MERCI OF THAIR SYNNIS. AND ZIT WITH THAT, OUR DECREIS, SPEKAND OF THE REALME OF BRITONIS, THAT GIF THE INGLISHMEN BE ENCLYNYT TO THE SYN OF THE FLESCHE, HABANDOUND TOGEDER, AND GEVE THAME TO THAT DELYTE, THARE SAL CUM OF THAT FOLK, PEPLE VILLAIN AND WAYKE IN THE FAITH, AND EVILL TILL ARRESTE FRA BATAILL, BOT FLOWAND AND UNTRAIST IN ALL THAIR DEDIS. AND THARFOR, SAIS OURE HALY SCRIPTURE, THAT PEPLE IN SYN AND EVILL LYF AR NOCHT BE MEKLE SA HARDY, SA VICTORIUS, NA SA HAPPY AS OTHERIS THAT AR CLENE CONFEST, CONTRYTE, AND IN GUDE ESTATE TO THE SAULE BEHUFE. FOR SIK A GUDE MAN IN BATAILL IS MARE HELPLYKE IN SIK ESTATE NA AS A THOUSAND SIK OTHIR MAY BE IN EVILL ESTATE. FOR THAI HYNDER MARE NA FURTHER, FOR THE UNHAP AND THE MISFORTUNE OF THAIR WIKKIT SYN. FOR FEW MEN IN WERIS AND BATAILLIS, BEAND IN THE STATE OF GRACE, IS MARE VICTORIUS NA AR GRETE MULTITUDE, FULL OF SYN AND WIKKITNES. FOR ALL GUDE GRACE, GUDE FORTUNE, AND GUDE VICTORY CUMMYS FRA GOD, AND OF HIS GRACE. BOT GIF, QUHILOM, GUDE CREATURIS AR PUT TO THE WERRE THAT IS FOR SUM PUNYCIOUN, THAT GOD WILL PUNYS THAME FOR SUM FAULTIS BYPAST, OR OTHIR WAYIS BE THE ORDYNAUNCE OF HIS SECRETE COUNSALE OF HEVIN, AS TO GEVE HIM PUNYCIOUN, TO PROVE HIS PACIENCE, THAT HE MAY BE MARE GLORIUS CROWNYT IN HEVIN, TILL ASSAY HIS VERTU OF PACIENCE IN HIS ADVERSITEE. FOR OURE LORD PROVIS GUDE MEN IN THE CHEMMYNE OF MEKENES, AS GOLD OR SILVER IS PROVIT IN THE FURNAS THAT IS OFT TYME MOLTIN TO PROVE GIF IT BE FYNE, TO PUT IN THE LORDIS WERK, AS WAS PROVIT HALY SANCT LOWIS OF FRANCE, THE NOBLE KING, THE QUHILK GOD THOLIT, BE PERMISSIOUN, HIM TO BE LED AWAY PRISONARE WITH THE TRAYTOURIS MISTROWARIS UNFAITHFULL SARRAZENIS, EFTER THAT HE HAD BENE DISCOMFYTE IN FELDE, THE QUHILK WE TRAIST, AS BE OURE JUGEMENT, WAS TO PROVE HIS PACIENCE, AND TO BE MARE GLORIFYIT IN HEVIN, (ETC) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, FOR QUHAT CAUS IS THARE SA (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LIV ) (END OF MARG) MEKLE WERE IN THIS ERDE? TO THE QUHILKIS I ANSUERE THE, THAT ANERLY FOR THE MEKLE SYN AND TRESPASS OF MAN, THE QUHILK GOD THOLIS, TO PUNYS THAME OF THAIR MISDEDE, ALL THIR WERIS AND BATAILLIS. FOR THIS SAIS THE HALY SCRIPTURE, ( QUICQUID PATIUNTUR PECCATA NOSTRA MERUERUNT, QUIA, SI NULLA REGNARET INIQUITAS, NULLA DOMINARETUR ADVERSITAS. ) FOR THE MEN OF WERE AR CALLIT THE SCURGE AND THE WAND OF GOD ORDANYT TO PUNYS SYNNARIS, THROU THE PERMISSIOUN AND THOLAUNCE OF GOD, QUHILKIS PUNYSS THAME THAT IS HERE SYNNARIS, AND MAKIS EXECUCIOUN OF GODDIS JUSTICE HERE, RYCHT EVIN AS DOIS THE INYMYES OF HELL EXECUCIOUN OF GODDIS RYCHTWIS JUGEMENT IN THE TOTHIR WARLD. AND GIF THAT GUDE MEN THAT AR LUFIT WITH GOD BE TORMENT HERE WITH TYRANNIS, THAT IS PUNYCIOUN AND PURGATORIE OF THAIR SMALL SYNNIS, THAT THAI MAY BE MARE GLORIOUSLY REWARDIT IN HEVIN, AND NOCHT TO REMAYNE LANG IN PURGATORE QUHEN THAI GA HYNE. AND ALSSUA WIKKIT MEN HAS OFT TYMES IN THIS WARLD WELTH, AND WITHGANG, VICTORY, AND WARLDIS HONOURE, SA THAT, FRA THAI PASSE HYNE, THAI HAVE RESSAVIT THAIR REWARD, GIF THAI ONY SMALL DEDIS GUDE HAS HERE DONE, TO BE THE MARE CRUELLY PUNYST IN HELL QUHEN THAI PAS HYNE. AND THARFORE AR THE WIKKIT MEN OF WERE BOT TORMENTOURIS OF GUDE MEN, AND EXECUTOURIS OF GODDIS WILL. AND QUHILUM SUM DOIS WERIS FOR RYCHTWIS QUERELIS, AND GUDE CAUS TO MANETENE, GAIS IN BATAILLIS. BOT GAIS IN WERIS AND IN BATAILLIS FOR THE SYNNIS AND THE WIKKITNES OF THE WARLDE, AND MAKIS UNRYCHTWIS WERIS FOR PRIDE OR ORGUILLE OF THAIR HERTIS, AS DOIS CHIFTAYNIS BUT PRINCE OR SOVERANE LORD, AS DOIS ZONE PARTIS OF LOMBARDY, OF THE GELF AND THE GYBBLYN, THE REDE ROS AND THE QUHITE, AND ZIT THAI WATE NOT FORQUHY NA QUHAT CAUS, FOR THE FADER WILL BE OFT AGAYNE THE SONE, AND THE SONE AGANIS THE FADER. THE QUHILKIS WERIS CUMMYS BOT OF OUTRAGE AND FELLOUN HERTIS THAT AR SETT IN WIKKITNES, BUT CAUS OR RESOUN THAT GUDE IS. AND OFT TYMES, ALSSUA, CUMMYS SIK WERIS FOR COVATIS OF WARLDIS GUDIS, TO HAVE GRETE DOMINACIOUN, OR GRETE LORDSCHIPPIS, FOR THARE IS SYNDRY KYNDE OF FOLK THAT, HAD THAI ALL THE WARLD, ZIT SCANTLY WALD THAI BE CONTENT, BOT FOR WARLDIS GUDE, WALD OCCUPY TOWNIS, CITEIS AND REALMES OF OTHIR MENNIS, AS DID KING ALEXANDER, QUHILK THOCHT THARE WAS NANE WORTHY IN WARLD TO BE A KING, NA TO HAVE LAND NA LORDSCHIP, BOT HE. AND COMMOUNLY OUT OF THIS COVATIS PARTIS AND PROCEDIS ALL VICIS OF THIS WARLD, AND ALL TYRANNYES. AND ZIT OFT TYMES CUMMIS WERIS FOR THE SYN OF DISOBEISAUNCE. FOR MONY AR, THE QUHILKIS, FOR THAIR PRIDE AND SURQUIDY, THINKIS THAI SULD NOCHT BE UNDERLOUTIS TO NANE ERDLY PRINCE, QUHILKIS AR AND WAS BOT VASSALLIS, AND UNDER OBEISANCE OF ALL TYMES. AND OF THIS WRECHIT DISOBEYSAUNCE CUMMYS UNTREUTH AND UNLAUTEE. AND SA BE SYN CUMMYS ALL WERIS IN THIS WARLD. (ETC) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: GIF THAT A MAN BE HALDIN IN A TOUR IN PRISOUN, QUHETHIR MAY HE LEVEFULLY BREK PRISOUN, AND SCAPE GIF HE MAY, OR OUT OF ONY OTHIR FERME PRISOUN. AS THUS: GIF A KNYCHT IN THE WERIS TAKIS ANE OTHIR PRYSONARE, AS OFT TYMES BEFALLIS, AND PUTTIS HIM IN A CLOS PRISOUN TOURE, OR CASTELL, QUHETHIR, GIF HE DOIS AGAYN RESOUN AND LAW OF ARMES, TO BREK PRISOUN AND ESCAPE, GIF HE MAY, BE CAUTELE OR

SUBTILITEE. AND, AS BE THE FIRST FACE, IT SEMYS THAT BE RESOUN HE AW NOCHT TO DO IT. FOR QUHY, BE THE LAWIS HE IS IN HIS MERCI, AND, MERCI IS AUCHT HIM, QUHAT NEDE WAR HIM THAN STELE AWAY? ITEM, THARE SULDE NA MAN, BE THE HALY SCRIPTURE, DO TILL HIS NYCHTBOURE BOT THAT HE WALD WAR DONE TO HIM. BOT THARE IS NA MAN SA SYMPLE OF WIT THAT WALD THAT ANE OTHIR MAN HAD BROKIN HIS PRISOUNE AND ESCAPIT FRA HIM. QUHARFORE IT AW NOCHT LEFULLY BE DONE, A MAN TO BREK HIS MAISTERIS PRISOUN. FOR HE IS HIS LORD AND MAISTER, AY QUHILL HE HAVE PAYIT HIM, OR ACORDIT WITH HIM. ALSSUA, FRA A MAN HAVE GEVIN HIS FAITH TILL HIS MAISTER, HE AW NOCHT TO BREK IT, AND HOW MAY HE ESCHAPE BUT BREKING OF HIS ATH AND HIS FAITH, AND BUT SCHAME? BOT AS TO THE CONTRAIR PARTY, IT IS ANSUERD THAT A MAN IS FREE GIF HE MAY ESCHAPE. AND THE CAUS QUHY IS FOR ALL MANKYNDE, BE THE LAW OF NATURE, AS SAIS HALY SCRIPTURE, DESYRIS NATURALY TO BE AT FREDOME AND LIBERTEE. AND ALS THE LAWE OF NATURE IS HEDE AND MAISTRESS OF ALL LAWIS, AND IN ALL TYME IS JUST AND LELE, AND VARYIS NEVER, SUPPOS OTHIR LAWIS AND CONSTITUCIOUNS VARYE, THAT AR MAID BE MANNIS ORDYNANCE. FOR LAW OF NATURE IS GODDIS AWIN LAWE. AND SA, SUPPOS HE ESCAPE, HE DOIS NA MYS, SEN HE DOIS BOT EFTER THE LAWE OF GOD. ITEM, IT IS WELE KEND BE ALL LAWIS THAT ANE OBLIGACIOUN MAID BE FORCE AND VIOLENCE HAS NA STRENTH. QUHARFORE, SEN IT IS NOTOUR THING THAT HE HAD MAID THAT PROMESS THROU FORS AND VIOLENCE, QUHARFORE HE IS NOCHT BEHALDIN TO KEPE THAT ARRESTE BOT GIF HIM LIST. BOT, AS FOR UTTER ANSUERE TO THIS QUESTIOUN, TREULY AS TO MYN AVIS, LAWE AND GUDE FAITH AVIDIS THAT, GIF A KNYCHT WAR ARESTIT, AND MAID PRISONARE IN BATAILL TILL HIS INYMY, AND PUT IN PRISOUN, BOT GIF HE MAK ANE EXPRESS ATH BE THE FAITH OF HIS BODY, LELELY AND TREULY TO HALD PRISOUNE AND NOCHT ESCAPE QUHILL HE BE ACCORDIT WITH HIS MAISTER, HE IS BEHALDIN TILL ESCAPE GIF HE MAY IN ONY WIS. BOT,

GIF HE BE OBLIST IN THE CONTRAIR EFTER HIS TAKING, LAW WILL THAT HE KEPE GUDE FAITH, OR ELLIS HE FORFETTIS TO GOD AND MAN AND TO THE WARLD. BOT AND HIS MAISTER, ATOUR HIS LEFULL AND RESONABLE PRISOUN, DO HIM SUM OUTRAGEUS INJURE OR OTHIR INHUMANITEE, HE IS NOCHT BEHALDIN TO HALD PRISOUN, GIF HE MAY ONY WIS ESCHAPE. FOR GIF HE BE HALDIN IN SA STRAYTE PRISOUN THAT HE BE IN PERILE OF MALADY PERPETUALE, OR OF DEDE, OR THAT HE BE BUT ESMENTIS OF HIS PERSOUN SIK AS NATURE ASKIS, TREULY HE MAY ESCHAPE LEFULLY BUT REPRUF, AND HE MAY, OR ZIT AND HE PEROFFER RESONABLE RANSOUN, AND TO MAK SEKIR THARFORE, AND HIS MAISTER FORSAKE IT, HE MAY LEFULLY ESCAPE. FOR HE IS NOCHT HALDYN TO PUT HIM SELF IN POVERTEE, NA HIS WYF, BARNIS, NA OTHIR FRENDIS, FOR HIS FYNAUNCE PAYING. ALSSUA, GIF HIS MAISTER BE SA CRUELL THAT OUTHIR BE HE DYNG, OR SLA HIS PRISONARIS, HE AW NOCHT TO BYDE IN PRISOUNE AND HE MAY FYND ONY WAY TO ESCAPE. FOR IT IS NA FERLY, QUHEN A MAN SEIS HIS NYCHTBOURIS HOUS BYRN, SUPPOS HE BE RAD FOR HIS AWIN. ITEM, GIF HIS MAISTER HAVE SIK A NAME THAT HE BE CUSTUMYT TO HALD PRISOUNARIS SA LANG THAT OUTHIR THAI PAY ALL THAT HE WILL SET ON THAME, OR ELLIS TO GER THAME DEE IN PRISOUN, IN THAT CAS, I SAY, HE MAY ESCAPE GIF HE MAY LEFULLY. AND THUS ONY OF THIR CASIS HE MAY ESCHAPE, OTHIR WAYIS NOCHT. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR GIF A KNYCHT HAVE SUORNE TO HALD PRISOUN TILL HIS MAISTER, AND HIS MAISTER, EFTER HIS ATHE MAID TILL HIM, PUTTIS HIM IN CLOS PRISOUN FERME, QUHETHIR IS HE BE HALDIN TO HALD PRISOUN IN SIK KYND, OR TILL ESCAPE LEFULLY, GIF HE MAY. AS THUS: A KNYCHT HAS LAWFULLY, IN DEDE OF ARMES AND LEFULL WERE, TANE ANE OTHIR KNYCHT PRISOUNARE, AND GERRIS HIM SUERE GRETE ATH TO HALD PRISOUN QUHILL HE BE CONTENT OF HIM, AND THAT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, HE PUTTIS HIM IN FERME PRISOUN, IN ANE HOUS OF HIS CASTELL, AND IN A STARK

TOURE, WITH GUDE WACHE AND WARDE APON HIM NYCHT AND DAY: QUHETHIR, GIF HE BE EXCUSIT TO ESCAPE, AND HE MAY. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE THUS, THAT, TREWLY, ME THINK THAT HE MYSDOIS NOCHT IN NATHING. FOR QUHY, SEN HE GERRIS HIM FIRST MAK HIM OBLIGACIOUN AND FAITH TO KEPE PRISOUN, IT IS LYKE THAT HE TRAISTIT IN HIS LEAUTEE. AND GIF HE EFTERWART GERRIS PUT HIM IN FERME PRISOUN, IT IS LYKE THAN THAT HE TRAISTIS NOCHT IN HIS LEAUTEE, NA IN HIS FAITH. AND SEN HE HAS NA TRAIST IN HIS LEAUTEE NA FAITH, QUHATKYN FAITH SULD HE KEPE HIM, OR BREK HIM? ALSSUA, SEN HE TUKE ANYS AITH OF HIM TO HALD PRISOUN, AND SYNE EFTER THAT, CLOSIS HIM AND KEPIS HIM IN FERME PRISOUN, IT IS LYKE THAT HE PASSIS FRA THE FIRST APPOYNTMENT AND OBLIGACIOUN, AND BE THAT, SUPPOS IT BE NOCHT SPOKYN IN WORD, HE SCHAWIS IT IN DEDE BE THE MANERIS THAT HE HALDIS TILL HIS SAID PRISONARE. BOT, AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN, I SAY, THAT, GIF A MAN HAS TANE A PRISONARE IN LAWFULL WERE, LAWFULLY PRISONARE, AND GERRIS HIM SUERE TO HALD PRISOUN IN QUHAT MANER THAT HIS MAISTER LYKIS TO PUT TILL HIM, SA THAT HE OFFER HIM RESONABLE FINAUNCE, AND THAT HE GEVE HIM LYFING, SIK AS HE MAY, EFTER THAIR ESTATIS BATHE IN THE CONTREE, SIK AS MAY BE FUNDYN, AND THAT HE BE NOCHT IN SA HARD PRISOUN THAT HE BE IN PERILE TO BE MAID OUTHIR CREPILL, OR MORTALL INFIRMITEE TAK IN PRISOUN, OR TO DEE UTTERLY, I SAY HE AW TO HALD FERME PRISOUN, AS HE IS OBLIST, SEN HE IS HIS PRISONARE IN LAUFULL WERE, QUHILL HE HAVE CONTENT HIM OF FYNAUNCE RESONABLE, SEN HE SAVIT HIS LYF. FOR PRISONARIS AR NOCHT ORDANYT TO HALD SA FREEPRISOUN THAT THAI BE LED TO HUNTING AND HAUKING, NA SIK DISPORTIS, BOT TO BE KEPIT AS PRISONARIS SULD BE KEPIT, AND NOUTHIR TO PLAY AT CHESS, NA TABLEIS, IN TAVERNIS, NA IN HALLIS, NA CHAUMERIS. NOCHTTHAN, TREWLY, QUHEN ANE HONOURABLE KNYCHT, LORD OR WORTHY MAN OF ARMES IS TANE LAUFULLY AND HONOURABLY DEFENDAND HIS LEGE LORD, OR A RYCHTWIS WERE, MAYNTENAND GUDE FAITH, AND HONOUR OF ARMES, THAT HE WAR NOBLY DEMAYNIT IN PRISOUN, AND

HALDIN MARE WORSCHIPFULLY NA OTHIR CRUELL OR TYRANE MEN, BREKARIS OF PES, OR DOARIS OF GRETE INJURIS TO THAIR INYMYES OF THE PARTY CONTRAIR. FOR, AS THAI DEMAYNE PRISOUNARIS, IN THAIR DANGERE BEAND, RESOUN WALD THAI WAR DEMAYNIT. BOT A NOBLE KNYCHT THAT AY HAS GOVERNYT HIM NOBLY, AS WORTHY MAN OF WERE BUT OUTRAGE, SULD BE HALDIN IN FREE PRISOUN WITH PLESAUNCE AND DISPORTIS, AND BLITHNES, FESTAND HIM FOR HONOUR OF NOBLESS. FOR OFT TYMES MONY NOBLE MEN AR BAKKIT IN BATAILL, AND DISCOMFYTE, THAT DID FULL WORTHILY AND HONORABILY THAIR DETTIS IN BATAILL, SUPPOS THAT FORTUNE BE AGANIS THAME AS THAN. BOT SYNDRY FOLK GEVIS BLAME AND LAK TO THAME THAT TYNIS A BATAILL, AND HONOUR AND LOS TO THAME THAT WYNNIS IT. BOT, TREULY, IT MAY FALL FULL WELE THAT THAI THAT TYNIS THE BATAILL HAS SERVIT NA BLAME THARFORE, BOT WYS MEN OF WERE GEVIS AY THE LOVING TO GRETE GOD. BOT ZIT, SAY I THAT, BE ANE OTHIR OPYNIOUN, THAT ALL ATHE AND PROMESS MAID IN PRISOUN, THRET OR NOCHT THRET, SULD BE TREULY KEPIT, SA THAT IT WAR POSSIBLE, AND NOCHT AGANIS THE FAITH NA IN PREJUDICE OF THE SAULE BEHUFE. AND SEN MEN MAY KEPE STRAYTE PRISOUN AND NOCHT TYNE THE SAULE, METHINK IT SULD BE KEPIT, AND GIF HIM THINK IT HARD TO THOLE, KEPE HIM THE BETTER IN TYME TO CUM THARFRA. FOR SEN HE MAKIS HIS ATHE TO KEPE TREULY QUHAT PRISOUN THAT LYKIS HIS MAISTER, THARE HE TYNIS THE PRIVELEGE OF LAWE THAT HE HAD OF FREDOME TO ESCAPE GIF HE MYCHT. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN OF WERE ASSURIS ANE OTHIR FRELY TO CUM, AND SPEKIS NOCHT OF HIS WAY GANGING, QUHETHIR GIF HE - AS GIF A BAROUNE HAS WERE AGANIS A KNYCHT, WITH GRETE INYMYTEE ON EVERY SYDE, THE FRENDIS ON BATHE THE PARTIS DESYRIS ACCORDAUNCE TO BE MAID BETUIX THAME, AND TO TRAVALE IN THE MATER, TRETIS THE BAROUN TO SEND HIS ASSURAUNCE, DURAND FOR CERTANE DAYES, TO THE KNYCHT TO SAUFLY AND SURELY CUM TILL HIS SPECHE. THE KNYCHT MISTRAISTAND NA THING, BOT TREULY HAFAND HIS

FYAUNCE IN THE BAROUNIS SAUF CONDYT, CUMMYS TO HIS SPECHE. AND QUHEN THAI HAVE SPOKYN TOGEDDER, THE KNYCHT WALD PAS AGAYN TILL HIS PLACE, THE BAROUN GERRIS LAY HANDIS ON HIM, AND ARRESTIS HIM AS HIS PRISOUNARE, THE KNYCHT ASKIS THE CAUS FOR QUHY, THE BAROUN SAIS, FOR QUHY THAT HIS LETTER OF ASSURAUNCE IS EXPIRIT, AND THE DATE PASSIT, FOR QUHY HE HAD NA LETTER OF HIM OF ASSURAUNCE, BOT ANERLY TO CUM AND SPEKE WITH HIM, BOT NOCHT TO RETURN AGAYN, AND BE ALL LAWIS AND RESOUN, MEN SULD IN SIK THINGIS CONFORME THAME TO THAIR WRITTIS, AND THARFORE SEN THE WRYTT SAIS THAT ANERLY HE WAS ASSURIT TOCUM, AND NOCHT TO GANG, HE KEPAND THE POYNTIS OF HIS WRYTT, HE MAY NOCHT BE REPROVIT, FOR HE DOIS WELE THAT KEPIS HIS CONDICIOUNS. AND THUS SPERIS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR THE BAROUN WRANGIS THE KNYCHT OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THE FIRST FACE, IT SEMYS THAT HE WRANGIS HIM NOCHT, FOR QUHY AS BEFORE SAID IS, HE KEPIS HIS WRITT, AND WAX NOCHT EXCEDAND THE TERMES OF HIS ASSURAUNCE. QUHARFORE HE MAY NOCHT OF RESOUN BE REPRUFIT. ALSSUA, ZIT A MARE STARK RESOUN: BE AL LAWIS OF ARMES, AND OTHERIS LAWIS, FRA TYME WERE BE ORDANYT AND ENTERIT, ALL MAN OF WERE MAY DISSAVE HIS INYMY BE BARAT AND SLICHT, SA THAT THAREIN BE NA DEDELY SYN TO SLA THE SAULE, NA TO DO MISDEDIS. THAN GIF THE BAROUN WITH SUBTILITEE OR SLYCHT, THE BAROUN MYCHT, NOCHT BREKAND A POYNT OF HIS SAUF CONDYT, TO BEGILE HIM, ME THINK HE HAS ALL RYCHT, AND NANE SULD BLAME HIM. AND ZIT, NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND THAT SUM MEN OF ARMES WILL NOCHT HALD THIS OPYNIOUN, I SAY TREULY, BE BATHE LAW OF ARMES, AND LAW OF NATURE, THAT HE AW TO BE HALDIN FREE OF PASSAGE ALSWELE AS OF HIS COME. FOR THARE IS NA MAN NATURALE BOT THAY MAY, BE CLERE UNDERSTANDING, KNAW THAT QUHA EVER BE ASSEURIT SURELY TOCUM AND SPEKE, IT IS UNDERSTANDIN, SEN HE MAY NOCHT HERE BYDE, THAT HAME AGAYNE BEHUFIS HIM GANG ON NEDE FORS. FOR IT WAR A SYMPLE ASSURAUNCE, GIF A MAN SULD UNDER FYAUNCE, AND HOPE OF SEKIR FAITHFULNES, CUM TILL A

LORDIS PRESENCE, AND SYNE GER SLA HIM QUHEN HE COME THARE, THE ASSURANCE WARE LYTILL WORTH. ITEM, IT HAS BENE AND IS THAT ALL MEN OF WERE, IN ESPERAUNCE OF GUDE FAITH, HAS AY CONTYNEWIT SIK MANER OF GOVERNAUNCE THROU SAUF CONDITIS, OR ELLIS HOW SULD THAI BE CALLIT SAUF CONDYTIS BOT GIF THAI CONDYTE THAIR MAISTERIS SAUFLY AND SURELY? FOR MEN WALD NEVER TRAIST TO CUM APON THAI SAUF CONDYTIS, BOT GIF THAI MYCHT BATHE CUM AND GANG SUERLY. THAN GIF BE THE BENEFICE OF SAUF CONDYTE VAILLIS NOCHT, NEVER MAN WALD TRAIST EFTER IN SAUF CONDYT, GIF QUHEN HE PASSIS HE SULD NOCHT REPAS AGAYNE TILL HIS HAME, FOR IT SULD BE UNDERSTANDIN THAT ASSEURAUNCE SULD BE HALE IN IT SELF, FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT A CONDICIOUN ORDANYT FOR GUDE TO THE PARTY SULD NOCHT TURNE IN PREJUDICE OF EVILL. ALSSUA SE THE ENTENCIOUN OF THE TAKAR OF THE SAUF CONDYT AND QUHARE HE TAKIS IT, AND GIF HE TAKIS IT IN SEKIR PLACE, IT SULD BE UNDERSTANDIN THAT IT SULD BE SEUR AND TRAIST TILL HIM, QUHILL HE CUM IN SEUR PLACE AGAYNE, OR ELLIS IT TYNIS THE VERTU OF SAUF CONDYT. FOR AS IT IS UNDERSTAND TO SEURLY CUM TO SPECHE, SA IS UNDERSTANDIN TO SEURLY BYDE, AND SEURLY RETOURNE, TREWLY GUDE FAITH AND RESOUN WALD IT, OR ELLIS IT SULD NOCHT BE CALLIT SAUF CONDYT, BOT FALS CONDYT. ITEM, WE HALD IN HALY WRYTT THAT ALL ATH OR OBLIGACIOUN SULD BE TANE IN THE FASSOUN AND ENTENCIOUN THAT HE THAT RESSAVIS IT UNDERSTANDIS IT, THAT IS TO SAY, HE THAT IT IS MAID TO. AS GIF A MAN HECHTIS TILL HIS MAISTER TO PAS WITH HIM TO THE HALY GRAVE, AND QUHEN HE IS REDY, SENDIS EFTER HYM TO PAS TO THE SCHIP, AND HE SAY THAT HE UNDERSTUDE NOCHT THAT HE SULD PAS BE SEE, TILL SA FER A HALY GRAF, AND THARE SA MONY SA NERE IN THE CONTREE THAT MAY PAS LAND GATE, THAN QUHETHIR THIS ATHE SULD BE UNDERSTANDIN BE THE ENTENCIOUN OF THE MAKARE, OR OF THE TAKARE. AND TREULY, I TRAIST THAT IT SULD BE TANE BE THE ENTENCIOUN OF THE LORD THAT TAKIS THE ATHE, BE ALL

LAWIS. FOR AND ANE ATH OR OBLIGACIOUN SULD BE TANE EFTER THE ENTENCIOUN AND JUDGEMENT OF HIM THAT MAKIS THAN SULD NEVER PROMESS NA OBLIGACIOUN BYND A FALS MAN, NA HE WALD GET ANE OUTGATE. AND THUS SAY WE, BE OURE LAWIS, THAT THE SAUF CONDYT SULD BE UNDERSTANDIN AT THE INTENCIOUN OF HIM THAT IT IS MAID TILL, AND NOCHT BE HIS ENTENCIOUN THAT MAKIS IT, OR ELLIS HE WALD GEVE LYTILL TRAIST IN THAT SAUF CONDYT, AND NOCHT TRAIST HIS PERSONE IN IT, GIF HE SULD NOCHT BE SURE IN HIS AGAINCUMMYNG, AND THARE BEYNG, ALS WELE AS PASSING. AND AS FOR ME AND OTHIR MAISTERIS AND DOCTOURIS, ME THINK THIS THE RYCHT OPPIN, AND THE BEST WAY, SUPPOS, PERAVENTUR, MEN OF ARMES WILL NOCHT HALD THIS MANER AMANG THAME. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN THAT HAS A SAUF CONDYT QUHETHIR HE MAY LEDE A GRETTER MAN NA HIM SELF IN HIS SAUF CONDYT. AS THUS, ANE INGLIS KNYCHT PRISONARE HAS SAUF CONDYT OF THE KING OF FRAUNCE TO THE NOMBRE OF ( X ) PERSONIS, ARMYT OR UNARMYT ON HOR OR ON FUT, QUHAT ESTATE THAT EVER THAI BE, HE FYNDIS ANE OTHIR BAROUN OF INGLAND IN A CASTELL HALDAND THE INGLIS FAY, THE QUHILK UNDIR CONFIAUNCE OF HIS SAUF CONDYT, HE LEDIS WITH HIM TILL HUNTYNG AND HAUKING AND OTHIR DISPORTIS WENAND THAT UNDER HIS SAUF CONDYT HE MAY LEDE HIM AS ANE OF HIS SAID NOWMER, AND SA PASSAND TO SANCT DENYS IN FRAUNCE, THE MARESCHALL OF FRAUNCE METIS THAME IN THE WAY, AND TAKIS THE SAID BAROUN PRISONAR TO HIM. AND SA RYSIS NOYS AND DEBATIS APON THAT QUESTIOUN: THE KNYCHT ALLEGIS TILL HIS SAUF CONDYT FOR ( X ) PERSOUNS, SAYAND THAT THE KINGIS SAUF CONDUCT SULD SAUF HIM: THE MARESCHALL OF FRAUNCE ALLEGIS FOR HIM THAT A SYMPLE KNYCHT MAY NOCHT LEDE A BAROUN QUHILK IS GRETTAR NA HE APON HIS SAUF CONDYT. FOR SAIS OURE LAWIS, FOR AND I HAD GEVIN POWER TO MY PROCURATOUR IN PARLEMENT TO LEDE A PROCESS FOR ME,

TO ASK ANE HUNDRETH FRANKIS THAT IS AWAND ME, AND I ASK AT ANE OTHIR MAN A THOUSAND, SUPPOS I HAVE PUT IN HIS PROCURACIOUN AND GENERALLY ALL OTHIR CAUSIS AND DETTIS ZIT MAY BE NOCHT LAWFULLY MAK THAT PETICIOUN OF A GRETARE SOUM, BOT GIF IT WAR CONTENYT UNDER HIS POWER OF PROCURATOUR SPECIALE. ALSSUA THE KING GEVAND ZOW POWAR BE HIS SAUF CONDYT TO LEDE ( X ) PERSOUNS WITH ZOW IN ZOUR SAUF CONDYT, AND ZE LEDE A GRETARE LORD NA ZOURE SELF, THAN IS THAT LORD THAT IS GRETAR NA ZE UNDER ZOW THARE, THE QUHILK IS NOCHT WELE SITTAND THAT A GRETE LORD SULD BE IN ONY WIS SUBDYT TILL A SYMPLE KNYCHT. FOR SA ZEDE ORDOUR BAKWART QWHEN THE LESS LEDIS THE MARE, FOR IT WAR FER MARE SEMELY THAT HE HAD ZOW UNDER HIM NA YE HELD HIM UNDER ZOW. THAN ANSUERD THE KNYCHT, SAYAND THAT HE GAIS NOCHT UNDER HIS SAUF CONDYT, BOT UNDER THE SAUF CONDYT OF THE KING, HE AND ALL THE LAVE THAT I HAVE POWER TO LEDE. AND SEN ZE DISTRUBLE ME, ZE BREK THE KINGIS SAUF CONDYT. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, THE KING HAS NOCHT NAMYT THE NAMYS OF THE TEN PERSOUNS THAT HE GAFE ME SAUF CONDYT FOR, BOT QUHAM THAT ME LYKIT TO TAK IN MY NOMBRE. AND THAN SAID THE MARESCHALL GUDE SCHIR THAN MYCHT ZE LEDE UNDER ZOUR SAUF CONDYT THE KING OF INGLAND ZOUR AWIN LARD, OUR ALL THE REALM OF FRAUNCE, FOR THAN MYCHT ZE NOCHT SAY THAT THE SAUF CONDYT WAR ZOURIS QUHEN A GRETARE NA ZE PASSIS BE VERTU OF THE SAUF CONDYT. BOT NEVERTHELES THE CONTRAIR IS SUTHE, FOR THE SAUF CONDYT IS ZOURIS UNDER THE QUHILK MAY NOCHT BE CONTENYT GRETTAR NA ZE LEFULLY, QUHARFORE I SAY THE PRISONARE IS MYN. THAN IS IT TO DECLARE QUHA HAS THE RYCHT. AND AS TO THAT POYNT, CERTAYNLY I SAY THAT THE KNYCHT MAY NOCHT LEDE THE BAROUN UNDER HIS SAUF CONDYT. AND THAT THE BAROUN IS THE MARESCHALLIS PRISONARE: FOR TREULY THE WRITTYN LAW SAIS THAT UNDER A CLAUS OF GENERALITEE MAY NOCHT BE NA GRETTARE PERSOUNS CONTENYT NA THE PRINCIPALE

MAISTER TO QUHAM THE SAUF CONDYT IS GRAUNTIT AND GEVIN AND HIS NAME THARE IN WRITTIN. AND THIS OPYNIOUN I TRAIST THARE IS NA MAN OF ARMES THAT WILL SAY THE CONTRAIR, FOR IT IS THAIR PLESAUNCE ERAR TO FYND FAULTIS NA SEURTEE IN ALL MANER OF SAUF CONDYTIS AND SEURTEIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN: GIF A MAN BE TANE APON ANE OTHERIS SAUF CONDYT, TRAISTAND IN IT THAT IT SULD SAUF HIM AND LEDE HIM SEURLY TO AND FRA HIS TRYSTIS, QUHETHIR, IN THAT CAS, HE AW TO PAY HIS RANSOUN AND QUYTE HIM OUT ON HIS AWIN COSTIS. AS GIF A CAPITANE PERTENAND TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE WALD TAK ON HIS FAITH TO GEVE SAUF CONDYT OUR ALL THE CONTREE OF GASCOYNE, AND APON THAT CONDYT THE SENESCALL OF BORDEOUX, QUHILK IS ANE INGLIS LORD, TRAISTAND THAREIN, CUMMYS TILL A TRYST TO LORDIS OF FRAUNCE, TO A CITEE CALLIT AGEAM, QUHILK BE THE WAY IS TAKIN AND LED PRISONARE AWAY WITH FRANCHE MEN. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN - QUHETHIR GIF THE CAPITANE BE HALDIN TO DELYVER HIM ON HIS AWIN COSTIS AND EXPENS. AND AS TO THAT, IT SEMYS THAT HE AW NOCHT TO DELYVER HIM, FOR QUHY, THE SENESCALL SULD NOCHT HAVE BENE SA NYCE NA SA SYMPLE THAT HE SULD TRAIST THAT SIK A SYMPLE CAPITANE MYCHT GEVE HIM SIK A SAUF CONDYT QUHILK MYCHT SUFFICE HIM TO PAS THROU THE WERE MEN OF THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE. ITEM, A WYS MAN OF WERE SULD WELE WIT THAT A SYMPLE CAPITANE SULD HAVE NA POWER TO GEVE SAUF CONDYT BOT FOR HIS AWIN PROPRE COMPANY THAT IS UNDER HIM. AND SA, SEN THAT CAPITANIS MEN HAS NOCHT TANE HIM, QUHY SULD HE DIFFRAY HIM OR PAY HIS COSTIS? ALSSUA, THE LAW SAIS THAT A SYMPIL MAN MAY NOCHT GEVE PRIVELEGE NA FREDOME TILL A MAN OF MARE ESTATE NA HE IS. THAN QUHAT PRIVILEGE OR FREDOME MAY A SYMPLE CAPITANE GEVE TILL A GRETE LORD TO PAS OUR THE REALME OF FRAUNCE QUHARE HE IS NA MAISTER? ITEM, SUPPOS THE CAPITANE WALD OBLISS

HIM BE HIS LETTRES OBLIGATORIS, ZIT MAY HE NOCHT BYND BOT FOR HIS AWIN FOLK. FOR IT IS ANE OBLIGACIOUN OF NA VALOUR, TO OBLISS A MAN TILL A THING THAT IS OUR POWER TILL HIM. BOT BE THE CUSTUMES OF THE WERIS, A CAPITANE MAY NOCHT TRAISTLY OBLISS HIM TO DIFFRAY A LORD, FOR IT PASSIS HIS POWER, AND THARFORE THE OBLIGACIOUN IS NOCHT WORTH. ALSSUA THE SENESCHALL, THE QUHILK AW TO BE A WYS MAN, SULD WELE KNAWE THAT A SYMPLE CAPITANE HAS NA POWER TO GEVE SAUF CONDYT TO NA MANER OF MAN THAT IS INYMY TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE TO PAS THROU HIS REALME, BUT LEVE OF THE KING, OR OF THAME THAT HAS POWER OF HIM IN GENERALE - AS LIEVETENAND, CONSTABLE, OR MARESCHALL. AND SEN HE HAS TANE SAUF CONDYT OF HIM THAT NA POWER HAS, LAT HIM STAND TILL HIS HAP AND SETT OF AS HE MAY: HIM SELF IS TO WITE. BOT ZIT WILL I NOCHT SAY NA THE CAPITANE HAS THE WYTE IN SUM PARTY THAT SULD GER ONY HONOURABLE MAN GEVE FIANCE OR TRAIST TILL HIS SAUF CONDYT, WITTAND WELE IT MYCHT NOCHT SUFFICE FOR SIK A MAN. QUHARFOR, ME THINK HE AW TO HELP WITH GUDE COUNSALE AND GUDE TRETY AT HIS GUDELY POWAR, TO TRETE GUDE CONCORDE OF RESOUNABLE FYNAUNCE, AND RANSOUN, AND TO HELP AT ALL HIS POWER TO MAK HIS DELYVERAUNCE, BATHE AT THE PARTYES HAND AND AT THE KINGIS AND HIS COUNSALE, SEN HE THROU IGNORAUNCE AND SYMPLESS GAFE THE SAUF CONDYT, WENAND IT WALD BE OBEYDE. HE WAS THE MARE TILL EXCUS THAT HE DID IT NOCHT MALICIOUSLY. QUHAREFORE, I CAN NOCHT SAY THAT HE AW TO PAY HIS RANSOUN, NA TO DELYVER HIM OF PRISOUN. AND GIF THE SENESCALL WALD SAY THAT HE HAS BROKYN HIS LAWIS TILL HIM AND HIS SAUF CONDYT, AND THAT HE AW FOR TO DIFFRAY HIM, I SAY NAY, SEN HE TRAISTIT THAT HIS LETTRES HAD BENE OF VALU, AND HIS MEN WAS NOUTHIR TAKARIS NA CONSENTARIS, NA HIM SELF NOUTHIR BOT DID ALL HIS POWERE TO HELP TO TRETE HIS DELYVERAUNCE. AND SEN HE MYCHT NANE OTHIR WAYIS

DO HE IS TO EXCUS BE A REULE OF THE LAWIS. BOT AND THE CAPITANE HAD GERT HIM TRAIST THAT HE HAD POWER OF THE KING, OR OTHIR POWER HAFAND, TO ASSEURE HIM OF ALL FRANCHE MEN, AND OF THAT, HAD MAID HIM PROMESS BE HIS FAITH. THAN WALD I SAY THAT HE WAR FALS AND EVILL, BOT GIF HE GERT DELYVER HIM. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR A QUESTIOUN: GIF A MAN SULD RETOURNE AGAYN IN PRISOUN APON HIS FAITH TRAISTAND (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) TO DEE IN PRISOUN. AS THUS: A KNYCHT LYIS IN A LORDIS PRISOUN FOR FAULT OF FRENDIS, THE QUHILKIS TRETIS WITH THE LORD HIS MAISTER THAT HE WALD ALARGE HIM FOR ( XV ) DAIS, TO GA SPEKE WITH HIS FRENDIS FOR TO MAK HIS FYNAUNCE, AND THAT WITHIN THE SAID TERME GIF HE CONTENT HIM NOCHT OF TEN ( MQ ) FLURYNIS, HE PUT HIM IN HIS WILL TO PUT HIM TO QUHAT DEDE THAT HIM LIST BUT ONY REMISSIOUN OR MERCI, AND THARAPON HE OBLIST HIM BE HIS LAUTEE AND FAITH, AND SCHORTLY TO SAY THE TERME COME AND THE FYNAUNCE NOCHT GOTTYN. THE SAID KNYCHT IS IN A DIFFERENCE: TO ENTER TO SAUF HIS ATH, OR TO ABSENT HIM TO SAUF HIS LYF. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR AW HE ERAR TO SAUFF HIS LYF AND BREK HIS ATHE, OR TO SAUF HIS ATHE AND HIS HONOURE AND TYNE HIS LYF. AND AS TO THAT, BE OURE LAWIS AND BE HALY WRITT, ME THINK HE AW TO ENTER AGAYN TO HIS MAISTER, AND SAUF HIS ATHE. FOR OUR LORD GOD SAIS IN THE EWANGELE THAT WE SULD NOCHT DREDE HIM THAT HAS POWER TO SLA THE BODY, BOT WE SULD DREDE HIM THAT HAS POWER TO SLA THE SAULE. ALSSUA, TO SAVE THE LYF OF OURE BROTHIR CRISTYN, WE AW TO DO ALL THAT WE MAY BUT DEDELY SYN. BOT SEN THE LYF MAY NOCHT BE SAUF BUT COMMISSIOUN OF DEDELY SYN, THAN SULD HE ERAR AUTRE THE LYF NA BREK HIS ATH. AND ZIT, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT SYNDRY OF OURE MAISTERIS SAIS THAT HE SULD PUT ALL IN AVENTURE AND RETOURN TO HIS FAITH, I SAY ALL THE CONTRAIR, FOR TREWLY HE BREKIS NOCHT HIS FAITH THAT

CHANGIS IT IN A BETTER. BOT SEN IT IS BETTER TO DELAY THE ATHE AND PAY THE LORD, NA ENTER AND HE FOR BRETHE OF IRE MAK END OF THE KNYCHT. AND BE THIS RESOUN, FOR THE LAW SAIS ( QUOD JURAMENTUM CONTRA BONOS MORES COMPULSUM NON EST SERVANDUM ) THAT IS TO SAY THAT ANE ATH AGANIS GUDE CUSTUMES AND GUDE THEWIS OF GUDE MEN COMPELLIT IS NOCHT TO BE HALDIN NA KEPIT. BOT ILKE MAN WATE WELE THAT A MAN TO OBLISS HIM TO THE DEDE IS AGAYNIS ALL GUDE CUSTUMES, QUHARFORE IT AW NOCHT TO BE KEPIT. ALSSUA BE ALL THE LAWIS, A MAN IS NOUTHIR LORD NA SYRE OF HIS AWIN BODY NA OF HIS LYF NA LYMMIS. QUHARFORE, SEN THAI AR NOCHT HIS, HOW SULD HE OBLISS HIM TO THE DEDE OR TO TYNSALE OF THE LESTE MEMBER OF HIS BODY? FOR AND A MAN DEMEMBRIT HIM SELF, THE JUSTICE WALD PUNYS HIM MARE CRUELLY NA HE HAD DONE IT TO ANE OTHIR MAN, FOR THE GRETE INHUMANITEE OF THE DEDE. AND RYCHT SA, AND A MAN SLA HIM SELF, GOD WILL FER MARE CRUELLY PUNYS HIM IN HELL NA ONY OTHIR THAT JUSTICE SLAIS AND HIS BODY TO THE GEBAT AND HIS GUDES FORFFET. AND THUS HAS HE NA POWERE TILL OBLISS HIM TO DEDE LYF NA LYM. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN: THE HALY WRYTT SAIS THAT HE THAT MAY SAUF A MANNIS LYF AND DOIS NOCHT, HE SLAIS HIM, AND THUS GIF A MAN PASS WILFULLY TO CONSENT TILL HIS AWIN DEDE, HE SLAIS HIMSELF, THE QUHILK HE IS NOCHT BEHALDYN TO DO, AS SAID IS. QUHARFORE TREWLY, (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) I SAY HE IS NOCHT BEHALDYN TO CUM AGAYNE TILL HIS ENTREE, BOT GIF HE WAR ASSEURIT OF HIS LYF. BOT AS LANGAND THE RANSOUN, THAT HE AW TO PAY DOUTLES. AND OF THIS OPYNIOUNE IS OURE DOCTOURE JOHNE ANDRESOUN ( ETC ) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF A PRINCE AW TO REFUS (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXI ) (END OF MARG) A PASSAGE THROU HIS CONTRE TILL ANE OTHIR PRINCE FOR CAUSIS RESONABLE. AS THUS THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAS QUERELE TO MAK WERE APON THE KING OF UNGARY FOR CERTANE RYCHTIS THAT HE PRETENDIS, AND THINKIS TO PAS WITH GRETE POWER TO THAT CONTREE IN ALL GUDELY HASTE, AND TO TAK HIS WAY THROU THE LANDIS OF THE EMPIRE, THROU ALMAYNE, AND SPECIALY THROU THE CONTREE OF HOSTRICHE, AND THARAPON SENDIS LETTRES TO THE DUK OF HOSTRICHE, SCHAWAND HIM HIS CAS PRAYAND HIM OF PASSAGE AND OF FAVOUR OF LYFING TILL HIS FOLK FOR THE COST, AND THAT HE SALL GER HIS FOLK SA GRACIOUSLY GOVERANE THAME IN HIS CONTREE, AND THROU HIS CONTREE PASSAND, THAT HE SALBE CONTENT OF THAIR SOBIR AND GRACIOUS GOVERNAUNCE. TO THE QUHILK THE DUKE ANSUERIS, THAT OF SIK WERIS HE HAS NOCHT ADO, NA OF THE PASS SETTIS HE NOCHT, NA LYKIS NOCHT, BOT GIF HE WALD GEVE HIM HOSTAGE TO REFORME ALL HARMES AND SCATHIS THAT SULD BE DONE THROU HIS MEN IN HIS CONTREE OF HOSTRICHE FOR CAUS OF THE SAID PASSAGE. TO THE QUHILK THE KING OF FRAUNCE ANSUERD THAT HE AW NOCHT BE NA LAW OF ARMES TO DO THAT, BOT FREE PASSAGE BUT SCATHE TO THE CONTREE SULD NOCHT BE DENYIT. THE DUK OF HOSTRECHE ALLEGIS THAT HE IS A PRINCE, AND FREE IN HIS CONTREE, AND NA MAN AW TO PAS THROU HIS CONTREE BERAND ARMES IN FERE OF WERE BUT HIS LEVE. AND FORTHY HE WILL NOCHT, BUT AT HIS AWIN PLESAUNCE GRAUNT LEVE TO PASSE. ITEM THE DUK ALLEGIS ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN THAT, SUPPOS THAT HE WALD GEVE LEVE AND GUDE WILL, IT IS WELE TO WIT THAT SIK A MULTITUDE OF FOLK MAY NOCHT PAS THROU A CONTREE BUT GRETE SCATHE DOAND, BE QUHAT RESOUNE THAN SULD HE CONSENT AS HE SAIS TILL HIS AWIN SCATHE OF DESTRUCTIOUN OF HIS CONTREE, UNMAID SEKIR TO BE AMENDIT? AND, TO BE SEKIR OF THIS AMENDIS, TO GEVE GUDE HOSTAGE HIM THOCHT GRETE RESOUN. NOCHT THAN THE KING OF FRAUNCE ANSUERIS SAYAND THAT HE AW NOCHT BE LAW OF ARMES NA OTHIR LAWIS TO GEVE NANE HOSTAGE. AND THE RESOUN QUH IS, FOR QUHEN EVER ONY PRINCE PASSIS FOR RYCHTWIS CAUS AND GUDE QUERELE IN FERE OF WERE HE AW NOCHT

TO BE STOPPIT, BOT FRELY TO HAVE PASSAGE THROU ALL REALMES BUT QUESTIOUN, DOAND NANE OUTRAGE NA EXCESS, AND THAT HE ALLEGIS BE THE LAW WRYTTIN, SA THAT HE PAS CURTASLY, SEN IT IS NECESSITEE TO BE DONE. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, SAIS THE KING, FAIRE SCHIR, IT IS MY PURPOS TO PAS THROU THE CONTREE BATHE CURTAISLY AND SUETELY, NOCHT GREVAND NA PERSONE, AND TO PAS THROU THE COMMOUN WAY OF PASSAGE MAID AND ORDANYT FOR ALL MANER OF CRISTYN MAN THAT LYKIS TO PAS IN PUBLYK MANER. QUHARFORE, SCHIR, GIF LAW WILL THAT I HAVE PASSAGE, LYKIS IT ZOW THAT I HAVE IT? I REQUERE ZOW BUT ONY HOSTAGE SEN LAWE LEVIS IT. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE ZOU THUS: THAT TREULY THE KING AW NOCHT TO GEVE HIM HOSTAGE, BOT BE THE RIGOUR OF LAWE HE AW TO HAVE PASSAGE AS IS SAID BEFORE. FOR THE LAW CANOUN SAIS IN THE DECREIS THAT THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL MAID WERE APON THE AMORREOS, FOR CAUS THAT THAI WALD NOCHT GEVE THAME PASSAGE THROU THAIR CONTREE, THE QUHILK IS APPROVIT BE THE LAWIS IN THE DECREIS AS CAUS LAWFULL AND RESONABLE, SEN THAI MAID OFFER TO PASSE SOBIRLY AND CURTAISLY. AND SEN THAI WALD NOCHT GEVE THAME PASSAGE CURTAS WITH GUDE WILL, THAY TUKE THE PASSAGE OF FORCE, AND MAID GRETE WERE APON THAME, AND PASSIT AGANIS THAIR WILL. FOR, BE ALL LAWIS, PASSAGIS COMMOUNS AR ORDANYT TILL ALL CREATURE THAT CURTASLY WILL PAS, AND BE PRIVILEGE SPECEALE, SULD BE DENYIT TO NA MAN, FOR LUFE NATURALE AND CHERITEE REQUERIS IT. AND ZIT MARE, SEN IT IS THE KINGIS RYCHT WAY OR PASSAGE TO PAS THARE AWAY TO UNGARY, AND THE DUK LETT HIM OF HIS VOYAGE, THE KING OF FRAUNCE MAY ASK HIM HIS SCATHIS OF ALL HIS CLAMYS OF HIS VOYAGE, AND HAVE GUDE CAUS AND QUERELE TO MAK WERE APON HIM, BE THE TITLE OF FAULT OF PASSAGE IN LYKE CAS AS DID THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL APON THE AMORIS.

HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF MEN OF HALY KIRK SULD (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXII) (END OF MARG) PAY ONY TAILLES OR IMPOSICIOUNS. AS THUS THE EMPEROUR WILL MAK WERE APON THE CITEIS OF LOMBARDY, AND BE CAUS THE WAY IS RYCHT LANG AND FER, AND GRETE COSTIS REQUERIS, HE GERRIS MAK TAILLES AND IMPOSICIOUNS APON ALL SUBJECTES OF THE EMPIRE: THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN QUHETHIR GIF THE PRELATIS OF HALY KIRK THAT HALDIS CASTELLIS AND WALLIT TOWNIS, AND GRETE LORDSCHIPPIS OF THE EMPIRE, QUHETHIR THAI AW TO MAK CONTRIBUCIOUN TO THIR TAYLLES AND IMPOSICIOUNS OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THAT MATER, I WILL NOCHT MAK LANG PROCESS TO THE ANSUERE BE CAUS THAT IT IS DECLARIT IN THE LAWIS CANOUNE CLERELY AND PLAYNLY THAT PRELATIS NA MEN OF KIRK AW NOCHT TO PAY TAILLES NA IMPOSICIOUNS TO MAK WERIS APON NA CRISTYN BLUDE. AND THE RESOUN IS, FOR IT WAR TO PRESUME, AND ALS IT MAY BE CLERELY PROVIT, THAT THAI WAR THAN PARTICIPAND AND CONSENTAND TO EFFUSIOUN OF MANNIS BLUDE, THE QUHILK WAR AGANIS GOD AND GUDE CONSCIENCE, AND MYCHT BE CAUS AND OCCASIOUN TO MAK THAME IRREGULARIS. AND MONY OTHIR UNLEFULL THINGIS IT SULD INBRING. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR GIF THAT HALY KIRK MAY MOVE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXIII ) (END OF MARG) WERE AGAYNIS THE JOWIS, GODDIS INYMYES, OR NOCHT. AND BE CAUS THAT WE HAVE BEFORE DECLARIT QUHETHIR HALY KIRK MAY MOVE WERE AGANIS THE SARRAZENIS. NOW WE WILL DECLARE QUHETHIR IT MAY MAK WERE AGAYN THE JOWIS OR NOCHT LEFULLY AND LAUFULLY. AND FIRST, I ANSUERE THAT IT MAY BE LEFULLY AND LAWFULLY MAID WERE AGANIS THAME. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT WE HAVE NANE SAMEKLE A FA, NA SA EVILL A PESTILENCE AS A FAMILIER INYMY. AND MEN MAY WELE WIT AND UNDERSTAND THAT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THAI AR UNDER US, SERVANDIS AND SUBJECTIS, ZIT AR THAI OURE MORTALL INYMYES. BOT THAI CAN NA BETTER DO BOT BE IN TRIBUTE UNDER CRISTYN NACIOUN, QUHARFORE THAN MAY NOCHT, NA SULD NOCHT THE PAPE MAK WERE AGAINIS THAME AND BATAILLIS? ALSSUA THE HALY SCRIPTURE SAIS, AND MEN MYCHT FYND ONY PEPLE OF ONY CITEE THAT (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) ANOURNYT THE FALS GODDIS, AND MAID TO THAME SACRIFICE AND OBLACIOUN, AND WE MYCHT HAVE KNAWLAGE THAROF, WE SULD SLA ALL THAT KYNDE OF MEN, AND BRYN THAIR CITEE, THAT NEVER NANE MA OF THAT NACIOUN SULD BE FUNDYN DWELLAND THAREIN SEN THAI HAD DONE SAMEKLE HOURTE AND SCHAME TO THE VERRAY GOD, JHESUS GODDIS SONE OF HEVYN, OURE LORD. AND THARFORE, SEN IT IS SUTHE AND CERTANE THAT WE KNAW PERFITELY WELE THIR FALS JOWIS, QUHILKIS WERE THE MURTHERARIS OF OURE SOVERANE LORD SAVYOURE AND REDEMPTOUR OF CRISTIN MAN, NOUTHIR TROWIS PERFITELY IN THE RYCHT FAITH, NA DO THAI TILL OURE SOVERANE LORDE HONOUR SERVICE NA OBSERVAUNCE, TO THE HALY TRINITEE, NA TO THE BLESSIT VIRGYN MARYE, BOT EXPRESSLY REVYIS THAME, AND DOIS ALL THE VITUPER THAI MAY TO HALY KIRK AND TO THE SACRAMENT. THAN QUHAREFORE SULD THAI BE THOLIT, NA MEN SULD MAK WERE ON THAME AND DESTROY THAME? ZIT ANE OTHIR STARK RESOUN IS, FOR QUHY THE JOWIS AR INYMYES OF THE FAITH, AND TILL OURE SOVERANE LORD JHESUS CRIST AND HIS DERE MODER THE VIRGYN MARY, AND OUT OF THE FAITH AND OF THE GRACE OF GOD, AND SUBGETTIS TO SYN. BOT, BE RESOUN, QUHAT FAVOUR OR FREDOME, HONOURE OR FORBERING SULD ONY MAN HAVE, THAT WAR A SUBDYT TO A KING OR A PRINCE, AND SYNE MAID OBEDIENCE AND SERVICE, AND MAID PES WITH HIS INYMYES AGANIS HIS FREDOMES BUT LEVE OF HIMSELF? ITEM, JOWIS SCHAWIS MANIFESTLY THAT THAI AR OURE (MARG)OFF THE JOWIS(END OF MARG) INYMYES EXPRESSE. FOR NOUTHIR ETE THAI OF OURE METIS, NA DRINK THAI OF OURE DRYNKIS, AS OF WYNE, THE QUHILK IS A TAKYN OF EVILL WILL THAI HAVE TILL US, THAT THAI WALD HAVE US ALL UNDONE. ALSSUA ANE OTHIR RESOUN, FOR QUHY THAT THAI, BUT RESOUN OR CONSCIENCE NOCHT HAFAND THAROF, ADO WITH USURIS AND BARAT, SUBTILITEE AND TRECHERY. IN ALL THE WAYIS THAT THAI CAN YMAGYNE, THAI FORS THAME NYCHT AND DAY TO BEGYLE CRISTYN FOLK, AND TO WYN FRA THAME WITH SLICHTIS THAIR GOLD AND GUDIS, AND NOUTHIR WILL THAY

LABOUR THE ERDE TO MAK CORNIS NA WYNIS, BOT AY LYFIS OF THE LABOURIS OF CRISTYN FOLK, AND WITH THAME UNDER TREWIS AND TRIBUTIS. AND THUS, THROU SUTELTEE AND TRYCHERY, SETTIS THAME TO CONQUEST LANDIS AND HERITAGIS FRA CRISTIN FOLK, WITH WYLIS AND FALSHEDE, TO MAK THAME PURE AND DISHERIS THAME. THAN WALD I SPERE, FOR QUHAT CAUS OR RESOUN SULD SIK FOLK BE SUSTENYT AMANG CRISTYN FOLK? BOT NOW AS FOR ANSUERE TO THIS QUESTIOUN, I HAVE OFT SAID BEFORE, THAT OURE LORDE, THROU HIS BENIGNE CLEMENCE, HYE GRACE AND MEKLE HABUNDAUNCE OF MERCI, DESYRIS MARE THE CONVERSIOUN OF A SYNNARE NA THE DEDE, SAYAND, ( NOLO MORTEM PECCATORIS, SED POCIUS UT CONVERTATUR ET VIVAT. ) AND ALSSUA, HE THOLIS NOCHT THAIR AMENDEMENT NA CONVERSIOUN ANERLY TO CUM BE HIS GRACE AND PACIENCE, BOT ALSSUA OF SYNNARIS THAT AR CRISTYN AND HAS TANE THE HALY SACRAMENT OF BAPTESME, BYDIS THAIR CONVERSIOUN FRA THAIR SYN, AND LENNYS THAME LANG LYF AND SUSTENTACIOUN, TO GEVE US ANE EXAMPLE TO THOLE THAME, NURIS AND SUSTENE, IN HOPE OF CONFIRMACIOUN, AS MONY AND SYNDRY AR AY TURNAND FRA THAIR ERROURE TO THE CRISTIN FAITH AND BAPTESME OFT TYMES, AND ALSSUA, HE SAIS HIM SELF IN THE HALY EWANGELE THAT THE TYME SALCUM THAT THARE SALBE BOT A PASTOUR AND A SCHEPE FAULDE, WITH A FLOK BUT DIVISIOUN, FOR ALL SALL CONVERT TILL OURE FAITH. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN, THAI AR THOLIT IN REMEMBRANCE OF THE PASSIOUN OF CRIST QUHILK MAID OURE SALVACIOUN, (MARG) ( NOTA DE JUDEIS ) (END OF MARG) AND TO VERIFY HIS SAWE THAT HE SAID TO THAME, THAT FRA THE HALYEST OF ALL HALY COME IN ERDE, THAIR UNCTIOUN SULD THAN CESS. AND ALSSUA HE SAID THAT THE SEPTER WAND SULD NOCHT BE AWAY TANE FRA THE PRINCIS OF JOWRY QUHILL THE SAYNDE OF GOD, THE QUHILK WAS TO BE SEND FRA THE FADER OF HEVYN, WAR CUMMYN, QUHILKIS BATHE AR VERIFYIT IN THAME. AND FORTHY AR THAI THOLIT. BOT BE CAUS THAI MAY NOCHT TO US HARME, BOT AR UNDER CRISTYN FOLK AS BONDIS AND SLAVIS, MEN REKKIS NOCHT OF THAME. BOT ZIT WATE WE WELE THAI HATE US DEDELY, AND LUFIS US NOCHT, AND WE LUFE THAME BOT LYTILL, NA DOIS THAME BOT LITILL GUDE. HERE SPERIS THE AUTOUR QUHETHIR GIF A MAN MAY (MARG)( APITULUM LXIV) (END OF MARG) LEFULLY DEFEND HIS WYF BE WERE IN DEDE OF ARMES. AS GIF A MANIS WYF WAR BE EVILL MEN ASSAILIT OF VILANY, QUHETHIR HIR HUSBAND AW TO DEFEND HIR AND MAK WERE APON HIR DISTROUBLARIS OR NOCHT BUT LEVE OF JUSTICE. TO THE QUHILK I ANSUERE ZOW TREULY THAT HE AW TO DEFEND HIR BE ARMES BOT ONY LEVE OF COURT. AND THARETO IS ALLEGIT RESOUN THAT IS LAWFULL, FOR QUHY, THE INJURE THAT IS DONE TO THE WYF IS PERTENAND TILL HIR HUSBAND, AND HE SALBE FOR HIR PART HERD IN JUGEMENT, AND HAVE REDRESS AND REFORMACIOUN OF LAWE FOR (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) HIR. ITEM, AND GIF A MAN FYNDIS ANE UNHONEST FOULE CREATURE HAFAND CONVERSACIOUN WITH HIS WYF, HE MAY AVOW IT BE THE LAWE TO SLA HIM FURTHWITH FOR THE FYLTH OF THE SYN OF ADULTERY, AND HE SALL HAVE NA PUNYCIOUN OF LAW THARFORE. BOT AND IT WAR A PERSONE HONEST AND HONOURABLE, HE AW NOCHT TO SLA HIM. NEVERTHELES AND HE SAW OR PERSAVIT HIM MAK GRETE REPAIRE TILL HIS HOUS, AND UNLYKLYNES HE MYCHT MAK HIM INHIBICIOUN AND EXHORTACIOUN TO NOCHT MAK SIK UNLIKLY REPAIRE, AND GIF HE COME THARE ATOUR, HE MYCHT SLA HIM BE THE LAWE, FOR SA IS THE HALY SACRAMENT OF MARIAGE FAVOURIT BE THE LAWE. FOR THE MAN AND HIS WYF AR REPUTE AS TO GODWART BOT A FLESCH. AND GOD HIM SELF IS THE GARDIEN OF MARIAGE, AND WAS BORNE UNDER THE UMBRE OF MARIAGE, AND THARFORE BIDDIS HE IN HIS COMMANDEMENT THAT NA MAN DESYRE HIS NYCHTBOURIS WYF, FOR THE WYF IS TO THE HUSBAND HALDYN ANE OF THE CONJUNCT PERSOUNS. HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR HOW THE TA BROTHIR AW (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXV ) (END OF MARG) TO DEFEND THE TOTHIR BE WERE AND IN ARMES, AS GIF A BROTHIR FAND FOLK INVADANT HIS BROTHIR GERMANE, HE AW

TO DEFEND HIM. AND SUPPOS HE SLEWE HIM THAT WALD OURTHRAW HIS BROTHIR, HE SALL HAVE NA PUNYCIOUN THARFORE BE LAW, NA ZIT ALSSUA TO DEFEND HIS SISTER, FOR THAI AR ALL CONJUNCT PERSOUNS. FOR THE LAW HAS REGARDE TO THE GRETE TENDERNESS THAT NATURE GEVIS TO THE TA BROTHIR TO DEFEND THE TOTHIR, OR HIS SISTER, FOR SA SAIS THE RYCHT LAWIS BATHE OF MAN AND OF GOD AND NATURE. BOT IT IS MARE DOUTOUS OF THE DEFENS OF OTHIR COUSYNIS. AS GERMANIS, OR SYK LYKE THINGIS, QUHILK AR NOCHT SA NERE OF BLUDE, NA AR NOCHT CALLIT CONJUNCT PERSOUNS. NOCHT THAN OURE MAISTERIS THE DOCTOURIS SAIS THAT MEN MAY LEFULLY DEFEND ALL THAME THAT AR OF OURE PROPRE CONSANGUINITEE, AND TO MAK BATAILL FOR THAME IN THAIR DEFENS RYCHTWIS, AS BE THE LAWIS WE REDE. AND THE RESOUN THAT THAI PRETEND IS THIS, HE SAIS THAT QUHASA DOIS ME ANE INJURE HE DOIS IT TO MY FRENDIS. NEVERTHELES, SUPPOS BE NATURE SUM MEN WALD FAVOUR THAT OPYNIOUN, ZIT THAN HE WALD NOCHT BE HERD IN JUGEMENT. AND ZIT A STARKARE RESOUN, A MAN MAY BE THE LAWIS DEFEND HIS GUDIS TEMPORALE, AND GIF HE BE NOCHT OF POWER ALLANE, HE MAY ASK HELP OF HIS FRENDIS, AND FOR THAT HELP DO THAME HELP ANE OTHIR TYME. AND ALSSUA GIF A FRENDE MAY HELP ANE OTHIR TO SAUF HIS GUDIS, BE MARE STARK RESOUN HE MAY HELP HIM TO SAUFF HIS LYF. AND ZIT MARE, GIF ONY MAN FOR ONY CRIME WAR CONDAMPNYT TO THE DEDE, HIS FRENDIS SALBE HERD IN JUGEMENT TILL APPELE TO ANE HYAR JUGE FOR HIS DEFENS, FOR RYCHTWIS DEFENS IS AY PRIVILEGIT. AND SUPPOS HE WAR NOCHT OF BLUDE SYB COUSINGAGE, ZIT SULD BE HERD IN JUGEMENT AS FRENDE FOR FRENDE. BOT AS LEFAND THE OPYNYOUNS OF OURE MAISTRIS AND DOCTOURIS, THE QUHILKIS AR OUR SUBTIL TO UNDERSTAND, I SAY TREWLY THAT, AND I SAW MEN OURTHRAW MY COUSYNG GERMANE, BEAND IN MY PRESENCE, I AW TO DEFEND HIM AS MY PERSONE, AND SALL NOCHT BYDE LAWE, NA HAVE PUNYCIOUN THARFORE. BOT AND THE INJURE WAR DONE HIM OR I COME AND OUT OF MY PRESENCE, GIF I PAST EFTERWART AND TUKE REVENGEAUNCE THARE APON, IT WALD BE CALLIT BEFORE THOCHT FELOUNY, AND NOCHT DEFENS. BOT AS IN MY PRESENCE DONE, I SALBE EXCUSIT TO DEFEND MY FRENDE, BE ALL OURE LAWIS. BOT AND I PERSEWIT AND FOLOWIT HIM EFTERWART, I SULD BE PUNYST, BE THE OPYNIOUN OF ALL OURE DOCTOURIS. AND SEN A MAN SULD NOCHT BE PUNYST IN THE FIRST CAS, TO DEFEND HIS FRENDE IN HIS PRESENCE INJURIT, SA IS HE NOCHT BOUNDE TO NA SUBJECTIOUN OF LAW THARFORE. FOR SUPPOS A RELIGIOUS MAN WALD SLA MY FADER OR MY BRODER, AND I, MAKAND DEFENS FOR HIM, SLEW THE RELIGIOUS MAN OR HURT HIM, I SULD NOCHT BE CURSIT. AND RYCHT SA, SAY I, THAT I MAY DO AS LANGAND MY WYF, MY BROTHIR, MY SISTER, OR MY SONE OR MY DOUCHTIR. BOT I DAR NOCHT SAY THAT I NA SULD BE CURSIT GIF I DID IT IN DEFENS OF ONY OTHIR COUSING FERRAR OF, AS SAID IS, FOR AS BE GUDE CONSCIENCE WE SULD GA STRAYTLY IN DEDE OF OURE CONSCIENCE, FOR GIF I BE A KIRK MAN, I SULD NOCHT LAW THE PRIVILEGE OF THE KIRK. BOT ZIT HAVE WE TILL UNDERSTAND OF PERSOUNS THAT AR IN NATHING BEHALDIN TILL US OF BLUDE NA LYGNAGE, QUHETHIR GIF I MAY DEFEND THAME, BUT PAYNE OR PUNYCIOUN OF LAW. TOUCHAND THE QUHILK DEBATE THARE IS GRETE REGARDE AND AVIS. FOR GIF A MAN HAS SEND EFTER ME, AND FEIT ME, FOR HIS GUDIS, TO BYDE WITH HIM AND KEPE HIM, AND TO BERE HIM COMPANY. TREWLY BE THE LAW I AW TO DO MY BODY FOR HIM, AND DEFEND BUT CLAME OF CHALANGE OF LAW, SA THAT THE SAID DEFENS BE MAID SONE INCONTYNENT EFTER THE INJURE. FOR EFTER THAT THE INJURE WAR DONE, AND A PERSONE WAR STABLIST IN HIS SPIRITIS, AND HIS BLUDE CAULDE, THAN WAR IT NOCHT DEFENCE, BOT OFFENS AND ALDE FORE THOCHT FEDE. FOR I DO BOT MY DETT TO DEFEND HIM IN THE TYME, SEN I AM FEYT TO BERE HIM COMPANY AND DEFEND HIM. AND THAN ALSSUA, GIF ANE OF MY NYCHTBOURIS WAR ASSAILIT, I MYCHT THROU PERMISSIOUN

OF LAW HELP TO DEFEND HIM, AND I MYCHT SUPPOS THAT I HAD NA WAGIS OF HIM NA HYRE NA COMPANY, FOR THE LAW FAVOURIS FOR CHERITEE DEFENS FAVOURABLE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A BAROUN HALDIS OF TWA (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXVI ) (END OF MARG) LORDIS HIS LANDIS, AND THAI TWA LORDIS HAS WERE TO MAK IN SYNDRY PLACIS, TO QUHILK OF THAIM TWA SULD HE MAK EREST SERVICE? AS THUS, PUT THE CAS THAT THE DUK OF SAVOYE HALDIS HANDIS OF THE KING OF FRANCE, AND OF THE EMPEROUR OF ALMAYNE WITHALL. THE KING OF FRANCE HAS WERE APON THE INGLIS MEN, AND THE EMPEROUR HAS WERE AGANIS THE KING OF UNGARY. AND BATHE THE KING OF FRANCE AND THE EMPEROUR SENDIS HIM MESSAGE ON A DAY TO CUM TO THAIR SERVICE. TO QUHAM SULD WE SAY HE SULD OBEYE? AND AS BE THE FIRST VISAGE IT SEMYS THAT HE SULD NOUTHIR OBEY TO THE TANE NA TO THE TOTHIR, AND THE RESOUN IS FOR HE MAY NOCHT PAS IN TWA PLACIS, AND THE LAW SAIS THAT THING IMPOSSIBLE OBLISS NA MAN. NA THARE IS NA OBLIGACIOUN WORTH THAT IS OBLIST TILL IMPOSSIBLE THING, AND THUS MON HE BYDE AT HAME, SEN THE TA MANDEMENT STOPPIS THE TOTHIR, AS BE THE LAWIS CIVILE IS CLERELY DECLARIT. ITEM, OURE LORD JHESUS SAIS THAT NA MAN MAY SERVE WELE TWA LORDIS, BOT HE MON DESPIS THE TANE, AND THUS IS HE EXCUSIT BE RESOUN OF IMPOSSIBILITEE. BOT, AS IT SEMYS US BE LAW WRITTIN, HE SULD MAK FIRST SERVICE TILL HIM THAT HE TUKE FIRST LAND OF. OTHIR SAIS THAT HE MAY HELP QUHAM HIM LYKIS BEST. BOT AS TO LAUTEE AND EQUITEE, WE HALD THAT HE SULD SEND TILL HIS LAST LORDE, THAT HE IS LAST OBLIST TO, HIS SONE, OR A CHIFTANE, OR CAPITANE WITH SIK POWAR AS HE MYCHT GUDELY. AND HE SULD PAS TILL HIS FIRST LORD THAT HE MAID FIRST ATHE TILL, IN PROPRE PERSOUN, AND THIS I TRAIST BE THE VERAY WAY, (ETC). BOT HERE SPERIS HE NOW, GIF THAI TWA LORDIS THAT HE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXVII ) (END OF MARG) HALDIS HIS LANDIS OF HAS WERE ILKANE AGANIS OTHIR, TO QUHILK OF THAME SULD HE EREST PAS TILL, SEN HE HAS ATH OF FIDELITEE TO THAME BATHE? OFF THIS SUM HALDIS OPYNIOUN THAT HE MAY BE WITH QUHAM HIM BEST LYKIS, AND BE THIS RESOUN THARE IS A LAW IN CIVILE THAT SAIS THAT GIF A BONDE BE OBLIST TO TWA LORDIS, AND THAI TWA LORDIS BE IN DEBATE, HE HAS FREDOME BE THE LAW TO GA TO THAME THAT BEST HIM LYKIS. BOT AS FOR ME, I SAY THAT TREWLY ME THINK BE ALL GUDE FAITH AND GUDE EQUITEE, HE SULD DO AS IS SAID IN THE CHAPITER BEFORE SAID, THAT IS TO SAY, TO SEND SUM SUFFICIAND MAN TILL HIS LAST LORD WITH SYK POWER AS HE MYCHT GUDELY, AND PAS IN PROPRE PERSONE TILL HIS FIRST ATHE AND JUREMENT OF FIDELITEE. AND AS TO THE LAW THAT SPEKIS OF THE TWA BONDIS, THAT IS UNDERSTANDIN GIF HE CUMMYS IN PRESENCE QUHARE TWA LORDIS DEBATIS ACTUALITER, HE MAY CHES HIM THARE QUHAM TO HIM LYKIS EREST TO GA, AND THAT HE BEST FAVOURIS, AND HELP HIM AGAYN THE TOTHIR. QUHARFORE IT IS GUDE TO LORDIS TO DO WELE TO THAIR MEN THAT THAI BE LUFIT OF THAIM, TO SET LYF AND GUDE FOR THAME IN TYME OF NEDE. FOR SEN THE PURE MAN SEIS HE MAY NOCHT SEND HIS PROCURATOUR OR DEPUTE TO HELP THE TANE, AND GA IN PERSONE TO THE TOTHIR, THE TYME IS SA SCHORT HE MAY NOCHT BE AVISIT TO SETT REMEDE. QUHARFOR HE CHESIS QUHAM HE LUFIS BEST, AND HELPIS TO SAVE HIM. BOT SEN THE TOTHIR HAS LAISER TO BE AVISIT, AND TO SET HIS SUBSTITUTE WITH THE TANE AND HIM SELF WITH THE TOTHIR, ME THINK HE SULD DO IT. HERE SPERIS OURE AUTOUR, GIF A BURGEIS BE BURGEIS IN TWA SYNDRY CITEIS THE QUHILKIS MAKIS WERE ON OTHIR, QUHILK SULD HE HELP? AS GIF A MAN WAR BURGEIS IN PARIS AND IN COLOYNE SUR LA REYNE. AND IN EVERY SOMER SESOUN HELD IN THE TANE, AND IN THE WYNTER IN THE TOTHIR, AND HAD HERITAGE AND MERCHANDICE IN BATHE, TO

THE QUHILK SULD HE HELP IN THAIR NECESSITEE OF WERIS? TO THAT QUESTIOUN I SAY AS BEFORE THAT HE AW IN PROPER PERSONE TO BYDE WITH HIS FIRST FAITH, AND SEND HIS SONE OR HIS SUBSTITUTE TO THE TOTHIR, TO KEPE LAUTEE IN BATHE THE PLACIS AT HIS POWERE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A BONDE MAY BE CONSTREYNIT (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXVIII) (END OF MARG) TO PAS IN WERE QUHEN IT LYKIS THAIR LORDE. AND AS TO THAT, TREWLY I SAY YHA, THAT HE MAY BE CONSTREYNIT. FOR THAI AR OBLIST TO SERVE THAIR LORD AT HIS WILL ANDE LYKING, EFTER THE DECRETE OF ALL THE LAWIS, SA THAT THAI MAY DO THAT LEFULLY AND LAUFULLY. BOT THARE IS FEW OF SIK MEN IN FRAUNCE, BOT IN LOMBARDY AND IN AVINGNON THARE IS MONY, AND IN ARRAGOUN. BOT THARE IS A MANER OF BONDIS CALLIT LIBERTOUNS, THE QUHILKIS AR UNDER CERTANE CONDICIOUN OF BONDAGE TO MAK CERTAYNE LABOURAGE ON THE FELDE, BATHE ON CORNIS AND WYNIS, AND NOCHT ELLIS. AND AS OF THAIM, I TRAIST THAI MAY NOCHT BE CONSTREYNIT TO PAS IN WERIS. FOR EFTER THAIR NATURE AND CONDICIOUN, MEN MAY NOCHT MAK NEW FASSOUN OF SERVITUTE, NA SUBJECTIOUN LANGAND SYK KYNDE OF MEN. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT FOLK MAY NOCHT BE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXIX) (END OF MARG) COMPELLIT TO PAS IN WERIS. AND AS TO THAT HE ANSUERIS, SAYAND THAT MEN OF AGE PASSIT DATE OF ( LX ) ZERE, SEKE MEN, BLYND MEN, DEF MEN, DUM MEN, WOOD MEN, OUR ZONG MEN THAT MAY NOCHT BERE ARMES. BOT AND A MAN OF GRETE AGE WAR OTHIR WAYIS PROUFFITABLE, AS TO BE OF GUDE COUNSALE AND CONDUYTE OF WERIS, ZIT TRAIST I THAT HIS PRINCE MYCHT COMPELL HIM TO BE WITH HIM, AND GEVE HIM GUDE COUNSALE AND OTHIR HELP. AND ALSSUA AS OF A DUM MAN, AND HE WAR STARK AND STURDY, AND MYCHT WELE BERE ARMES SUPPOS HE COUD NOCHT SPEKE, ZIT MYCHT HE BE PUT IN GUDE CONDUYTE AND GOVERNAUNCE OF OTHERIS, AND DO GRETE GUDE. QUHARFORE, AND IT PLESIT TO THE PRINCE, HE MYCHT WELE PASSE. BOT AS FOR WOMEN, CERTAYN, ALBE THAI

NEVER SA WELE WITTY NA HARDY, THAI SULD NOCHT BE COMPELLIT (MARG) ( NOTA) (END OF MARG) TO THE WERIS, ALL WAR THAI NEVER SA MICHTY, BOT WELE MAY THAI BE COMPELLIT TO SEND THAIR FOLK, WITH A SUBSTITUTE OR A CHIFTANE OR CAPITANE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN HAS BENE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXX ) (END OF MARG) WOUNDIT BE ANE OTHIR, AND HE FOLOW HIM EFTERWART, AND (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) DYNG HIM RYCHT WELE, QUHETHIR SALL HE BE PUNYST THARFORE OR NOCHT? TO THE QUHILK ME THINK THAT NAY, THAT HE AWE NOCHT TO BE PUNYST THARFORE. AND THE RESOUN IS FOR HE HAS NOCHT PAST THE TERMES OF JUST DEFENS, FOR SEN HE HAS WOUNDIT AND HURT HIM, HE HAS DONE RYCHT, SA TILL HIM LAW WILL NOCHT THAT HE BE PUNYST. FOR SUPPOS IN HIS DEFENCE HE HAD SLAYN HIM, LAW WALD HAVE HALDIN HIM EXCUSIT. ITEM, QUHAT THAT A MAN DOIS IN HETE OF BRETHE OF IRE SULD EXCUS HIM THAT DOIS IT. ITEM, HE HAS DONE THIS REVENGEAUNCE DURAND HIS BRETH AND HETE OF BLUDE. FOR HAD HE BYDYN QUHILL ON THE MORNE, HE MYCHT NOCHT HAVE BENE EXCUSIT. BOT THE LAW CIVILE IS IN THE CONTRAIR OF THIS, SAYAND THAT, SEN HE FLED QUHEN HE HAD HURT HIM, HE SULD NOCHT HAVE FOLOWIT HIM TILL HURT HIM FLEAND. BOT NOCHT THAN, THE LAW WILL THAT HE BE PUNYST THAT HURT HIM, BOT IN QUHAT MANER OF QUHAT PUNYCIOUN, THAT IS IN THE OPYNIOUN OF THE DOCTOURIS. BOT AS I TRAIST HE SULD BE BOT FAVORABILY AND GRACIOUSLY PUNYST, SEN IT WAS SUM PART IN HIS DEFENS, AND FOR CAUS MAID, AND THAT HE WAS IN HIS HETE. ( CAR LEZ PHILOSOPHEZ DIENT QUE LEZ PREMIERES MOVEMENS NE SONT PAS EN NOTRE PUISSANCE, ETC.) THE PHILOSOPHORIS SAIS THAT THE FIRST MOVEMENTIS OF MAN IS NOCHT AT HIS POWER TO RESIST, AND THIS OPYNIOUN HALDIS DOCTOURIS, SAYAND, ALSSUA, THAT HAD HE SLAYN HIM IN THE PLACE QUHARE HE SET ON HIM FIRST HE HAD BENE EXCUSIT BE THE LAWE, AND SULD HAVE HAD NA PUNYCIOUN THARFORE. BOT SEN HE PURSEWIT HIM EFTERWART QUHEN HE WAS FLEAND, SUM PUNYCIOUN SULD HE HAVE. FOR THAN HAD HE GUDE

RYCHT, AND PRESUMPCIOUN OF DEFENS OF HIS LYF GERT HIM SLA HIM. FOR LAW LEVIS ERAR TO SLA NA TO BE SLAYN. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: GIF A BONDE (MARG)( CAPITULUM LXXI ) (END OF MARG) MAKIS HOMYCIDE OR SLAUCHTER BE THE COMMANDEMENT OF HIS LORD, GIF HE AW TO BERE PUNYCIOUN. AS THUS, A LORDE HAS A WIKKIT WYF OF EVILL NATURE, HE TELLIS TILL HIM ANE OF HIS CHIEF BONDIS QUHILK IS A STARK MAN, AND CHARGIS HIM UNDER PAYNE OF HIS LYF TO SLA HIS LADY HIS WYF, OR ELLIS DOUTLES IT SALL COST HIM HIS LYF. THAN SPERIS HE, QUHETHIR, GIF THAT BONDE SLAIS THE LADY FOR DREDE TO TYNE HIS LYF, QUHETHIR GIF HE SALL BERE ONY PUNYCIOUN THARFORE IN JUGEMENT. AND AS THARTO IT SEMYS THAT HE SULD BERE PAYNE AND PUNYCIOUN. FOR THE WRITTIN LAW SAIS THAT A BONDE SULD NOCHT DO FOR HIS LORD THING THAT IS DEDELY SYN, BOT SEN SLAUCHTER IS DEDELY SYN, IT IS CLERE THING THAT HE SULD BE PUNYST THARFORE. ITEM, THE LAWE SAIS IT IS BETTER ALL THE EVILL OF THE WARLD TO SUFFER NA TO CONSENT TO DO DEDELY SYN, AND SA, TO KEPE THIS MORTALE LYF OF HIS BODY THAT SA SCHORT QUHILE LESTIS, HE SULD NOCHT CONSENT TO THE SYN OF THE SLAUCHTER OF THE LADY. AND THAROF, LO, HERE THE FIRST RESOUN. FOR SEN HE MAY NOCHT OTHIR WAYIS ENDURE NA ESCHAPE THE DEDE, HE SETTIS HIM TO FULFILL HIS MAISTERIS BIDDING, AND THARFORE HAS HE NA CHARGE, BOT THE CHARGE ALL HALE LYIS APON HIS MAISTERIS CONSCIENCE. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT GIF A MAN WALD SLA ANE OTHIR, AND HE MAY NOCHT OTHIR WAYIS ESCHAPE THE DEDE BOT TO SLA HIM, THAN TREWLY HE IS EXCUSIT BE THE LAW TO SLA HIM GIF HE MAY, AND SALL HAVE NA PUNYCIOUN THARFORE NA CHARGE OF CONSCIENCE BE THE LAWIS. AND ZIT ANE OTHIR OPYNIOUN SAIS THAT, SEN THE LORDE IS IN SIK WILL TO THE SLAUCHTER OF HIS LADY GIF THE BONDE MAY SLA HIR, AND HE WILL SETTIS BY THE DEDE OF THE LADY, AND ANTERIS HIS AWIN LYF, HE DOIS EFTER ANE OF THE DEDIS OF CHERITEE, THAT ERAR HE PUTTIS HIS AWIN LYF IN

PERILE NA TO SLA THE SAKELES LADY. AND AS OF THIR TWA OPYNIOUNS, WE SULD CONSIDER THE PAYNE CIVILE OF THE WARLD. WE WALD COUNT IT LYTILL IN THE REGARDE OF THE PERPETUALE PAYNE OF THE TOTHIR WARLD. AND THUS TRAIST I THAT THE LAST OPYNIOUN IS BEST, CONSIDERAND THE INNOCENCE OF THE LADY THAT HAS NOCHT MAID CAUS OF DEDE, SUPPOS THE LORD HATE HIR, AND TILL HIM TO SLA ANE INNOCENT PERSONE BUT CAUS, I TRAIST HE SYNNIS DEDELY, AND SULD PAS TILL HELL AND HE DEIDE IN THAT ESTATE BUT REDEMPCIOUN. FOR THARE SULD NANE OBEDIENCE BE MAID TILL HIS LORD AGAYN THE COMMANDEMENT OF GOD, BOT HE SULD OBEYE TILL HIS COMMANDEMENT THAT SAIS, ( NON OCCIDES NE OCCIES PONIT, ) SLA NOCHT BE THE HALY FAITH. AND GIF IT BEFELL THAT HIS LORD SLEW HIM FORTHY THAT HE WALD NOCHT SLA THE LADY, I SAY HE DEIS VERRAY MARTIR AND GAIS TILL HEVIN BUT ONY DREDE, FOR ALL THE FAITH IS IN THE COMMANDEMENTIS FOUNDIT. THUS KEPAND GODDIS BIDDING, GIF HE BE SLAYN HE DEIS FOR THE FAITH, AND SA IS HE MARTIR. HERE SPERIS HE QUHETHIR A BONDE AW TO DEFEND HIM (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXII ) (END OF MARG) FRA HIS LORD. AS THUS, GIF A LORD HAS A BONDE TO QUHAM HE MAKIS COMMANDEMENT TO DO THING THAT IS AGAYNIS GOD AND GUDE FAITH, AND TO THIS THE BONDE SAIS HE WILL NOCHT DO THAT THING, FOR THE QUHILK INOBEDIENCE THE LORD WALD SETT ON HIM TO SLA HIM, AND HE DEFENDIS HIM, QUHETHIR GIF THIS DEFENS BE RESOUNABLE OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THAT, IT IS LYKE THAT HE SULD NOCHT DEFEND HIM, FOR BE THE LAW THE BONDE AW RYCHT NOCHT TO DO, BUT LEVE OF HIS LORDE, AND SA, BE THE LAW, HE AW TILL OBEY HIM, AND NOCHT DEFEND HIM, NA REBELL TILL HIM. BOT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THIS RESOUN, WE SAY THE CONTRAIR, FOR, BE THE LAWIS, A LORD AW NOCHT TO SLA HIS BONDE, BE LAW NATURALE, AND A LORDE MAY NOCHT TAK FRA HIS BONDE IT THAT HIM EFFERIS BE LAW OF NATURE. BOT CLERE THING IS THAT, BE LAWE OF NATURE, ALL MAN IS BEHALDYN TO SAUF HIS AWIN LYF, FOR ALL CREATURE NATURALY RESISTIS TO THE DEDE. QUHARFOR, GIF HIS LORD WALD TAK THE LYF FRA HIM, BUT DREDE HE IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND HIM, AND TO REVENGE HIS DEDE AT ALL HIS POWERE AGAYN HIM THAT WALD SLA HIM. ITEM, MARE STARK RESOUN, FOR, GIF A MAN GAYNSTUDE NOCHT HIS DEDE, AND REVENGIT HIM AGAYNIS HIM THAT WALD SLA HIM, WE WALD SAY HE WAR CONSENTAND OF HIS AWIN DEDE, AND THAN WAR HE HOMYCIDE, AND MAN SLAARE, AND, BE THE LAW, AW TO BE PUT TO DEDE FOR HIS CONSENTING TILL HIS AWIN DEDE, AND HE DEFEND HIM NOCHT. AND SA SULD HE BATHE BE CONDAMPNIT EFTER HIS DEDE, AND THUS FORFFET HE BATHE THE BODY AND THE SAULE, IN SYK LIKE CAS AS HE HAD SLAYN HIM SELF. QUHARFORE WE CONCLUDE THAT LAWFULLY HE MAY DEFENDE HIM. HERE SPERIS HE ANE OTHIR QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR GIF ANE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXIII ) (END OF MARG) ABBOT WALD SLAA ANE OF HIS MONKIS, QUHETHIR AW HE TO DEFEND HIM AGAYN HIS ABBOT, AND TO REVENGE HIM. TO THE QUHILK HE ANSUERIS, FIRST THAT NAY, HE AW NOCHT TO DO IT, FOR SIK MEN AS MONKIS AR REPUTE AS DEDE FRA THE WARLD AWAY, AS SAIS THE DECREIS AND THE CIVILE LAWIS BOT CLERE THING IS, BUT QUESTIOUN, THAT BE ALL LAWIS A DEDE MAN SULD MAK NA REVENGEAUNCE, AND SA THAN SULD NOCHT A MONK DEFENDE HIM. ITEM, WE SAY BE THE LAW THAT A MONK HAS NA SELF WILL, BOT ANERLY THE WILL OF HIS ABBOT THAT HE ORDANIS HIM. AND THAN APPERIS IT BE LAW CLERELY THAT HE SULD NOCHT REBELL HIM, NA GAYNSTAND HIM, NA REVENGE HIM THAT AGANIS HIM, BUT HIS LEVE AND GUDE WILL. AND IT IS WELE TO TROW THAT AGAYN HIM SELFF HE WILL NOCHT GEVE HIM NOUTHIR LEVE NA GUDE WILL, TO REVENGE AGAYN HIM. AND THARFORE AS TO THIS DEBATE, WE THINK THAT GIF THE ABBOT WALD OUTHIR OURTHRAW HIS MONK, AND SCHAPE HIM TO DYNG OR SLA, AND THE MONK MYCHT NOCHT OTHIR WAYIS ESCAPE THE DEDE, HE AW OF LAW NATURALE TO DEFEND HIM AGANIS HIS ABBOT, OR ONY OTHIR PERSOUN THAT WALD PUT HIM TO DEDE, BUT ONY LEVE NA CONSENT OF ONY PERSONE. FOR QUHY, LAW NATURALE HAS

GRAUNTIT THAT PRIVILEGE TILL ALL CREATURE NATURALE, TO GAYNSTAND AND RESIST TO THAIR UNDOYNG. AND ALSSUA ALL THE LAWIS OF THE WARLD ACCORDIS THAME THARETO. FOR WE SE NATURALY ALL KYNDE OF BESTE OR FOULE THAT IS FORMYT BE NATURE, THAT NATURALY THAI DEFENDE THAME SELF AT THAIR POWER AND STRENTH. AND THAN, QUHY SULD NOCHT A MAN THAT HAS RESOUN AND KNAULAGE RESIST AND GAYNSTAND HIS DEDE? HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR GIF THE SONE SULD DEFEND HIM AGAYNE HIS FADER, GIF HE WALD SLA HIM, AND BE LAW WE THINK NAY, FOR QUHY, BE THE LAW CIVILE THE FADER HAS HIS BARNIS ALL UNDER HIS POWER AND CURE, FOR QUHY, HE MAY DO QUHAT HE WILL WITH THAME. ITEM, THE LAWE LEVIS THE FADER FOR CERTANE CAUS AND RESOUNS EXPRESS IN THE LAW TO SELL HIS SONE, THAN ALS WELE MAY HE SLA HIM, OR ONY OTHIR WYS THAT HIM LEST DO WITH HIM. ITEM, OURE LORD IN THE ALDE TESTAMENT GEVIS A CLERE ENSAMPLE TILL US THAT WE MAY MAK SACRIFICE OF OURE BARNIS, AS HE MAID COMMANDEMENT TILL ABRAHAM THAT HE SULD DO WITH HIS SONE YSAAC, AND TECHIT HIM ALL THE FACIOUN AS IS CONTENYT IN THE BIBLE. ITEM, IT IS CLERE THING THAT THE SONE SULD BE CHASTISIT BE THE FADER, NA AW NOCHT THE SONE TO REVENGE HIM AGANIS HIS FADER. AND AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN. TREULY THE FADER MAY BATHE SELL AND WEDSETT HIS BARNE FOR CERTANE CAUS, AND ALSSUA CHASTIS HIM MESURABILY. BOT AND HE WAR SA CRUELL IN HIS CHASTISEMENT THAT HE WALD EXCEDE MESURE TO SLA HIM, AND HE MYCHT NOCHT FLEE FRA HIS FADER, NA OTHIR WAYIS ESCHAPE, I SAY, TREULY HE AWE TO SAVE HIS LYF AND DEFEND HIM, AND REVENGE HIM AGAYN HIS FADER. AND THE RESOUN IS THIS, FOR THE RYCHT THAT THE FADER HAS ATOUR THE SONNE CUMIS ( DE JURE GENTIUM, ) THAT IS FOR TO SAY, OF THE LAW OF THE PEPLE, THAT IS NOCHT LAW NATURAL, BOT OF LAW CIVILE, AND MANNIS LAW MAID BE MANNIS WIT. BOT THE LAWE OF DEFENS OF A MANNIS PERSON CUMMYS OF THE LAW OF NATURE, TO THE QUHILK THARE IS NA LAW OF MAN THAT MAY MAK PREJUDICE, FOR LAW OF NATURE IS THE LAWE OF GOD, THE QUHILK IS HEDE AND PRINCIPALE OF ALL LAWIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN MAY RYCHTWISLY (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXV ) (END OF MARG) DEFEND HIM FRA HIS JUGE AND AGANIS HIM. AND AS BE THE FIRST VISAGE, IT IS SENE THAT NAY HE AWE NOCHT TO DO IT. FOR THE LAWE SAIS THAT A MAN AW NOCHT TO DEFEND HYM AGAYN HIS JUGE. ITEM, THE LAW CANOUN SAIS IN THE DECREIS THAT HE THAT MAKIS RESISTENCE AGANIS HIS JUGE HE MAKIS AGANIS HIS GOD, THE QUHILK HAS ORDANYT BATHE JUGE AND JUSTICE TO BE. AND THUS SULD NA MAN GAYNSTAND HIM IN SA FER AS HE DOIS RYCHTWISLY. BOT HERE AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE AS BEFORE, THAT GIF A JUGE WALD BE WAY OF DEDE, AND NOCHT BE WAY OF LAWE, SETT HIM TO OURTHRAW A MAN WRANGWISLY, AND HE MYCHT NOCHT OTHIR WAYIS ESCHAPE THE DEDE, NA MYCHT NOCHT FLEE, IN THAT CAS HE MAY LEFULLY AND LAUFULLY DEFEND HIM. AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT A GLOS OF LAW CIVILE SAIS THE CONTRAIR ZIT TREULY, AS BE THE LAW OF NATURE QUHILK IS UNMUTABLE AND UNVARIABLE, AND FOUNDEMENT OF ALL LAWIS, I SAY HE MAY DEFEND HIM LEFULLY, AND SAUF HIS LYF AGAIN HIS JUGE AND HE WALD INVADE HIM BE WAY OF DEDE. BOT SAUFAND A MANNIS LYF, HE MYCHT GET REMEDIS, ALSET HIS JUGE WALD WRANGWISLY OURTHRAWE HIM. FOR HE MAY APPELE TO THE SOVERANE COURT, AND GET RESOUN AND LAW OF THE JUDGE, SUPPOS HE HAD DONE HIM WRANG (ETC). HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN, BANIST OUT OF A (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXVI ) (END OF MARG) REALME, WAR FUNDIN AGAYN CUMMYN IN THE REALME ATOUR HIS BANNYSCHING, AND MEN WALD SETT ON HIM TO TAK HIM OR SLA HIM, GIF HE MYCHT DEFEND HIM RESONABLY AND LEFULLY,OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THE FIRST VISAGE, HE PREVIS THAT NAY, HE AW NOCHT TO REVENGE HIM. AND BE THIS RESOUN, FOR THE LAWE SAIS THAT MEN SULD NOCHT GAYNSTAND TILL A RYCHTWIS VIOLENCE. AND SEN THIS IS CLERE

THING, THAT BE LAW HE MAY OUTHIR TAK HIM OR SLA HIM, QUHARFORE HE AW NOCHT TO GAYNSTAND HIM. FOR SUTHE IT IS THAT THE PRINCE HAS GEVIN BIDDING AND POWER TO ALL PERSONE THAT MAY OUR TAK HIM TO TAK HIM OR TO SLA HIM WITH FORCE OR VIOLENCE, AND THIS POWER IS GEVIN GENERALLY TO ALL PUBLYK PERSOUN, THAT IS TO SAY, ALL COMMOUN OFFICER. BOT IN THIS CAS, QUHA EVER MAY BE MAISTER, OUR HIM IS A COMMOUN OFFICER TO THE KING, BE HIS CRY. QUHARFORE HE AW NOCHT TO DEFEND HIM AGANIS HIS TAKARIS. BOT AS LANGAND THIS MATER, QUHAT EVER THING THAT THIR DOCTOURIS SAIS, THE QUHILKIS ASSIGNYS MONY RESOUNS AND SUBTILE ARGUMENTIS, I SAY, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THAIR ARGUMENTIS, THAT THE MAN IS BEHALDIN TO DEFEND HIS LYF, AND AW TO SAUF HIM FRA THE DEDE BATHE LEFULLY AND LAWFULLY. FOR SULD HE COWARDLY LY DOUNE AND LAT THAME SLA HIM THAN WAR HE BATHE CAUS OF HIS DEDE CORPORALE AND SPIRITUALE. BOT ZIT SAY I NOCHT NA AND HE SLEW ONY MAN IN HIS DEFENCE HE SULD BE PUNYST AS MAN SLAAR, SEN HE WAS BE JUSTICE BANNYST THE CONTREE. BOT AND HE MYCHT ESCHAPE FRA THAME, BUT PREJUDICE OF HIS LYF, HE SULD NOCHT SLA HIS PERSEWARIS BOT FOR TO SAUF HIS LYF, GIF HE MYCHT NA BETTER DO, I SAY TREULY THAT, AND THAI WALD SLA HIM, HE SULD DEFEND HIM. AND ERAR GIF ONY SULD BE SLAYN HE SULD SLA NA BE SLAYN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A PRESTE BE ASSAILIT BE HIS INYMYES, BERAND GODDIS BODY ON HIM TILL A SEKE MAN, QUHETHIR HE AW TO LAY FRA HIM THE SACRAMENT AND DEFEND HIM BE WERE DEFENSABLE, AND LEVE IN PERILE THE SEKE BODY BUT SACRAMENT TO DEE IN PERILE OF HIS SAULE, HE BEAND REDY TO GEVE THE SACRAMENT, THAI STRIKE ON HIM. AND SULD HE GEVE THE SACRAMENT, HE TYNIS HIS LYF, AND SULD HE NOCHT GEVE THE SACRAMENT, THE SAULE IS IN PERILE OF THE SEKE MAN. AND AS TO THE OPYNIOUN OF DOCTOURIS, TREWLY, THAI SAY, THAT BETTER WAR TO THE PRESTE TO GEVE THE SACRAMENT TO THE SEKE

MAN AND SUSTENE THE DEDIS WOUNDIS, NA TO PUT THE SAULE IN PERILE, AND DEFEND. THE RESOUNS QUHY AR THIR: THE SACRAMENT OF THE ALTARE IS NECESSARY TO THE SALVACIOUN OF MAN. THAN GIF THE SEKE MAN GETTIS NOCHT HIS SACRAMENT HIS SAULE IS CONDAMPNYT PERPETUALY. BOT WE SAY ALL THAT, FOR TO SUSTENE THE TEMPORALE DEDE, MEN SULD NOCHT GER A PERSONE BE DAMPNYT PERPETUALY. THAN SULD THE CHAPELLANE ERAR SUSTENE THE DEDE NA TO GER THE SEKE MANNIS SAULE BE CONDAMPNYT AND TO TAK IT IN PACIENCE FOR THE LUFE OF GOD AND FOR CHARITEE. ITEM, BE THE LAWIS OF GOD, A MAN SULD LUFE HIS NYCHTBOURE AS HIM SELF. BOT THAN GIF HE LUFIS BETTER HIS AWIN LYF NA HIS NYCHTBOURIS SAULE HELE, HE KEPIS NOCHT THE COMMANDEMENT, FOR, DOUTLES, THARE IS NA MAN BOT HE WALD HIS NYCHTBOURE SETT HIS TEMPORALE LYF TO SAVE HIS SAULE THAT OTHIR WAYIS SULD BE PERIST AND DAMPNYT PERPETUALY. QUHARFORE HE SULD DO AS HE WALD HIS NYCHTBOURE DID TILL HIM, OR ELLIS HE DOIS NOCHT EFTER THE HALY WRITT OF THE GRETE COMMANDEMENT OF THE LAWE, THAT IS TO SAY - LUFE THY GOD OUR ALL THING, AND THY NYCHTBOUR AS THY SELF. ITEM THE WRYTTIN LAW SAIS THAT QUHEN TWA EVILLIS CONCURRIS TOGEDER THAN SULD WIS MEN TAK THE LESTE EVILL OF THE TWA. BOT, SEN LESS EVILL IS THE TEMPORALE DEDE NA THE SPIRITUALE, THE PRESTE SULD ERAR WILL THAT NA HIS AWIN LYF. FOR SUM TYME MON HE DEE, AND TO DEE WELE IS GRETE GRACE AND FAIRE FORTUNE, BOT HE THAT DEIS IN SIK CAS DEIS WITH GOD, AND HIS SAULE IS SAUF, AND DEIS WELE FOR CHARITEE, AND GAIS IN PARADIS, AND THUS HE SULD ERAR CHES THE DEDE NA TO LEVE GOD AND THE SEKE MAN, AND TO DEFEND HIM BE ARMES. AND HERE AS TO THIS OPYNIOUN, CERTAYNLY IT PLES NOCHT MEN. FOR QUHY THIS OPYNIOUN HALDIS THAT GIF A MAN DEIS NOCHT RESSAVAND THE SACRAMENT OF THE ALTARE, THAT HE IS DAMPNYT THE QUHILK OPYNIOUN IS NOCHT SUTHE, FOR MONY HALY MEN AR DECESSIT IN THE CRISTYN FAITH, NOCHT RESSAVAND AT THAIR ENDING THE BODY OF GOD. FOR THARE WAS NANE BOT UNTREUTHFULL

MEN THAT WAS THAIR TORMENTOURIS TO GEVE THAME THE SACRAMENT, AS SANCT PETIR, SANCTE PAULE, SANCT JOHNE, SANCT ANDROW, SANCT GEORGE, SANCT STEPHAN, WITH MONY A THOWSAND HALY MEN, AS HERMYTIS AND OTHERIS, THAT HAD FLED FRA THE TYRANY OF WIKKIT KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS, AND LYVIT IN DESERTIS QUHILL THAI WAR DEDE, AND NOUTHIR SPAK WITH PRESTE NA CLERK NA TUKE SACRAMENT, AND ZIT WATE WE WELE THAI AR HALY SANCTIS IN PARADIS, BE THE GRETE AND UNNOWMERABLE MYRACLEIS THAT THAI HAVE MAID SENSYNE IN THIS ERDE. BOT NEVERTHELES, I SAY NOCHT NA TO MANNIS SAULE HELE THE SACRAMENT OF GODDIS BODY IS NECESSARIE AND SPEDEFULL. BOT GIF THARE WAR ONY MYSTROWAND MEN, AS EVILL CRISTYN MEN, THAT MYCHT TAK IT AND THAI WALD, AND HAS BATHE KIRK, AND PRESTE, AND SACRAMENT, AND REDY SERVICE AT HIS AWIN COMMANDEMENT, I SAY, AND HE TAK IT NOCHT, HE IS CONDAMPNYT GIF HE LEVIS IT UNTANE FOR DESPISING OF THE SACRAMENT, AS DOIS JOWIS, LOLLARDIS, AND UNFAITHFULL MEN. BOT SUPPOS A FAITHFULL MAN BE OURSETT, AND OUR THRAWIN WITH SUDAYN DEDE, AND FAYN WALD HAVE IT AND HE HAD LAISER, AS BE SEE OR BE LAND, WITH THEVIS OR REBARIS, OR IN BATAILL, OR SUDAYNE PASSIOUN OF DEDE OUR TAK HIM, HE SALL NOCHT BE FORTHY CONDAMPNYT SUPPOS HE TAK NOCHT THE HALY SACRAMENT OF GODDIS BODY. AND THARFORE SAY I THAT THIS SACRAMENT IS NOCHT NECESSAIRE IN THE LAST DAY TO MANNIS SALVACIOUN, SA THAT HE BE OTHIR WAYIS FERME IN THE TREUTH. BOT, AS BELANGAND THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTESME, THAT IS NECESSAIR BUT ONY WERE. FOR BUT BAPTESME MAY NANE BE SAVIT, AS BE THE NEW TESTAMENT. AND IN LYKE CAS AS OF THE SACRAMENT, I SAY OF THE BAPTISME. FOR GIF A NEW BORNE BARNE WAR IN PERILE OF DEDE, AND A PRESTE WAS IN THE PLACE REDY TO GEVE HIM THE HALY UNCTIOUN OF BAPTESME, AND HIS INYMYES COME ON HIM TO SLA HIM, AND THAT THAI PRESSIT HIM SA NERE THAT OUTHIR HIM BEHUFIT TO BE SLAYNE OR ELLIS TO LEVE THE BARNE UNHOVIN, CERTAYNLY, I SAY THAT

HE SULD ERAR TAK IN PACIENCE THE DEDE NA TO LEVE THE BARNE UNBAPTISIT. FOR AS OTHIR TYMES WE HAVE SAID, IT WAR BETTER THE TEMPORALE DEDE NA THE SPIRITUALE: FOR THE TA WAY IS SALVACIOUN TO BATHE THE SAULIS, AND IN THE TOTHIR CAS THE SAULE OF THE TANE IS TYNT. AND THIS IS THE OPYNIOUN OF OURE DOCTOURIS, BE A CHAPTER IN THE DECREIS CALLIT ( DUO MALA ETC ) AND THUS IS LESS EVILL THE PRESTIS DEDE, THAT IS BOT A LYTILL SCATHE SEN HIS SAULE IS SAUF, NA THE TYNSALE OF HIS SAULE FOR HIS NEGLIGENCE, AND THE BARNIS SAULE BATHE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR GIF BE WAY OF MARK A MAN MAY BE ENPRISOWNYT THAT MAID NA CAUS OF EVILL, THAT IS TO SAY, GIF THAT, QUHEN A MAN OF THE REALME OF FRANCE MAY NOCHT GET LAW NA RESOUN OF A MAN OF PROVINCE THAT HALDIS HIS GUDIS WRANGWISLY FRA HIM, HE GETTIS A LETTRE OF LEVE TO TAK ONY MAN OF THAT CONTREE, MARCHAND OR OTHIR, THAT HE MAY OURTA, AND HALDIS HIM PRISONER QUHILL THAT GUDE BE PAYIT AGAYNE TILL HIM. AND THUS MAY MEN MOVE WERE, TO GER RESOUN BE DONE TO MEN THAT WRANGWISLY HALDIS OTHIR MENNIS GUDIS IN STRANGE REALMES QUHARE LAW MAY NOCHT BE GOTTIN OF THAME. THAN IS THIS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR SIK LEVE MAY BE LEVEFULLY GEVIN BE A KING, AND WERE THAREFORE, MAID ( ETC ) TO THE QUHILK MATER, WE SAY THAT THIS THING IS NOCHT IN OURE LAWIS COMMANDIT NA ORDANYT TO BE DONE. BOT QUHILOM IT IS THOLIT, SUPPOS IT BE RYCHT HEVY TO THOLE BE THE LAWE THAT ANE INNOCENT MAN THAT MAID NEVER CAUS OF EVILL SULD BE PUNYST FOR ANE OTHERIS TRESPAS, THE QUHILK MAY NEVER BE THOLIT BE GUDE LAWE NA RESOUN, BOT IT IS CONDAMPNYT BE LAWE AS THING UNRESONABLE. BOT JUSTICE HAS ORDANYT THAT, GIF A MAN OF PARIS HAS ASKIT JUSTICE AT A MAN OF FLORENCE BEFORE A COMPETENT JUGE, AND HE THINK THAT THE JUGE WRANGIS HIM IN HIS JUGEMENT, AND DOIS HIM NOCHT RYCHT LAW NA JUSTICE TILL HIS OUR MAN, HE SULD APPELLE, AND ASK THAT FALS JUGEMENT TO BE ANNULLIT, AND NEW

SENTENCE TO BE GEVIN FOR HIS RYCHT OF THAT HYAR JUGE. AND, GIF THAT HYAR JUGE DOIS HIM NA RYCHT, HE SALL APPELE TO THE KING, AND HE SALL GER DO HIM LAWE AND REDRESS OF THAT FALS JUGEMENT. BOT TO SAY THAT A GUDE LELE MAN SULD BE DESTROYAT FOR OTHIR MENNIS DEDE, TREWLY ME THINK IT NA RESOUN, NA I CAN FYND BE NA LAWIS TO DEFENDE THAT OPYNIOUN. BOT SEN IT IS A THING BROCHT UP AMANG LORDIS AND MEN OF GUDE TOWNIS, WE MAY MAK SUM COLOUR THARAPON TO COVER THE CUSTUME THAT THE LORDIS AND OTHERIS HAS BROCHT UP IN THAT MATER. AS GIF, FOR CAUS THAT A MERCHAND OF INGLAND HAS DISSAVIT ANE OTHIR AND CUMMYN AND DUELLIS IN PARIS OR IN FLANDERIS, THE KING GERRIS ARRESTE THAT MAN, AND PUT HIM IN PRISOUN QUHILL THAT THING BE AMENDIT AND PAYIT: AS GIF ANE YNGLISH MAN HATIT A MERCHAND OF INGLAND, AND HE WALD GET A GRETE SOUME OF HIS GUDE, AND CUM AND DUELLE IN BRUGES OR DANSKYN, AND THE KING OF INGLAND WALD GER ARRESTE THE MERCHANDIS OF FLAUNDRIS IN LONDON QUHILL THAT MANNIS GUDE WAR RESTORIT AGAYN, GIF NANE OTHIR LAW COUD BE GOTTYN AND RYCHT SA OF DANCEKYN, OR GIF A MERCHAND OFF FRANCE WALD BEGYLE ANE OTHIR, AND PAS IN INGLAND, WENAND FOR CAUS OF THE WERIS TO BE HALDIN THARE AND NOCHT DO RESOUN, AND THE KING OF FRAUNCE RYCHT SA GERT ARRESTE IN BRUGES OR IN THE ROCHELL THE INGLIS MERCHANDIS QUHILL THAT FAULT WAR AMENDIT. AND TREWLY THIS IS A POYNT OF FORS AND OF WERE, FOR IN LAW WRITTIN WE FYND IT NOCHT, FORTHY IT IS COMMENDABLE THAT A PRINCE FYND LAWIS OF SUBTILITEIS TO GER LAW AND RESOUN BE DONE QUHARE MEN FLEIS THE LAW, AND SETT REMEDIS TILL ALL NEW WERIS OF WRANGIS THAT CUMMYS DAYLY BEFORE HIM IN HIS COURT, SA THAT HE AND HIS COUNSALE BE PRISIT AND HONOURIT, AND HAS LOS FOR THE GRETE JUSTICE AND EQUITEE THAT CUMMYS FRA HIM TILL ALL MEN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, HOW AND IN QUHAT MANER SULD MARC BE GEVIN? THAT IS TO SAY AS THUS, THARE

CUMMYS BEFORE THE EMPEROURE A MAN SAYAND THAT, AS HE COME WITH HIS MERCHANDICE FRA MYLLAN TILL AST IN ALMANE, THARE WAS TANE FRA HIM ( XMQ ) PECIS OF GOLDE BE THE DUK OF SAVOYES MEN, MARCHANDIS OR OTHIR, OF THE TOUNE OF GENEVER, AND THARE FYNDIS THE COUNSALE OF THE EMPEROURE THAT THARE IS A MAN IN AST IN ALMAYNE THAT AW TILL A MERCHAND OF SAVOYE DUELLAND IN THE TOUNE OF GENEVER ( X ) THOUSAND DUCATIS, THE QUHILKIS THAI ARRESTE, AND PUTTIS IN THE HAND OF JUSTICE QUHILL THAI GUDIS BE RESTORIT AGAYNE THAT WAS TANE FRA THE MERCHAND OF AST. AND THUS, BE THE WAY OF PYNYCIOUN OF INNOCENT MEN THAT MAID NA CAUS OF EVILL, THE PRINCIS MON PRATIK THE GRANTING OF MARK TO GER RESOUN BE DONE. THAN AT THE REQUEST OF THAT INNOCENT MARCHAND OF GENEVER IN SAVOYE, THE DUK OF SAVOYE GERRIS SPERE AND INQUERE STRAYTLY QUHA HAS MAID THIS REF OR DISTRESS, AND FYNDIS THE DOARIS AND PUNYSIS THAME RYCHT WELE THARFORE, AND THUS BE UNRYCHTWISNES CUMMYS QUHILUM RESOUN THAT ELLIS WALD NOCHT CUM. AND THUS SULD KINGIS OR PRINCIS HERE THE PARTIES RESOUNS THAT THAI HAD GUDE FAITH FOR THAIM - OR HE GRANTIT LETTRES OF MARK, AND FOR QUHAT OCCASIOUN HE SPERIT THE RESOUNS FIRST, THAT IT WAR NOCHT THROU SUBTILITEE OF MALICE, BUT GUDE FAITH, OR GUDE OCCASIOUN AND LYKLYNES OF GUDE FAITH. AND THIS IS AY UNDERSTANDIN, GIF THAI LORDIS OF THE JUSTICE DEFENDIS MALICIOUSLY THE REF, AND IS NOCHT WILFULL TO MAK REFORMACIOUN AND REDRESS, AND ZIT SULD A PRINCE OR HE GEVE LETTRE OF POWER TO TAK MARK, HE SULD WRYTE TO THE LORD OF THAT PLACE OR TO THE JUSTICE, AND DECLARE THAIM THE WRANG, AND ASK FIRST LAW AND RESOUN. AND GIF NA LAW COUD BE GOTTYN, THAN IS THE MARK TO BE GRAUNTIT RESONABILY, GIF THAI WILL NOCHT DO JUSTICE ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, HOW SULD MARK BE GEVIN AGANIS A CITEE THAT HAS NA LORD NA SOVERANE PRINCE ATOUR THAME, THAT THAI AVOW TILL, BOT THAME SELF? AS GIF THE CITEE OF FLORENCE HAS GRETE SOUMES OF GUDIS OF A MERCHAND

OF PARIS, HOW SULD MARK BE GRANTIT THEREAPON AGAYN THE CITEE OF FLORENCE? FOR AS BEFORE SAID IS, MEN SULD FIRST PAS WITH LETTRES OF INSTAUNCE, ASKAND FIRST JUSTICE AT THAIR LORD AND SOVERANE. FOR NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THAI AW OF RYCHT TO BE OBEYSAND AND SUBJECTES TO THE EMPIRE, ZIT DO THAI IT NOCHT, NA WILL NOCHT OBEY TILL HIM IN NA MANER OF WIS. AND TO SAY THAT A NOBLE MARCHAND OF PARIS SULD PAS BEFORE THAIR POTESTATE OF FLORENCE, TO ASK RESOUN AND MOVE PLEDE BEFORE HIM THAT IS A SOUTARE, OR A SKYNNARE, OR A TAILLOURE, QUHILK AR SA FULL OF PRIDE THAT THAI WERE THE GOLD AND THE SYLK, AS THAI WAR THE KNYCHTIS OR GRETE LORDIS. TREWLY, I TRAIST, THARE SULD BE SMALL REDRESS, AND BOT ANE UNPROUFITABLE PLEDE, CONSIDERAND THAT IT IS A MAN OF THE SELF TOUNE THAT HAS THE GUDIS. AND THIS IS THE QUESTIOUN THAN, QUHAT SALL THE KING OF FRAUNCE DO TO THIS MERCHAND THAT ASKIS HIM LETTRE OF POWERE OF MARK? CERTAYNLY, ME THINK, GIF THE KING HAS NA WERE OPIN AGAYNIS THAME, HE SULD FIRST WRYTE TO THE POTESTATE OF FLORENCE, AND TELL HIM THE CAS, AND ASK HIM REFORMACIOUN AND REDRESS BE LAWE AND JUSTICE: QUHILK GIF HE DOIS FORMABILY, THE KING AW TO BE CONTENT. BOT AND THE KING WAR SUFFICIENTLY INFORMYT THAT HE DID BOT SCORNYT THE MERCHAND, AND MOWIT THE LETTRES OF THE KINGIS, AND DID NA LAWE, NA MAID NA REDRESS, SEN THAI HAVE NANE OTHIR SOVERANE, AS THAI HALD, BOT AR LORDIS IN THAME SELF, THAN SULD THE KING GRAUNT LETTRES OF MARK AGANIS THE FLORENTYNIS, THAT QUHARE EVER THAI MYCHT BE OURTANE WITHIN THE BOUNDIS OF FRAUNCE, THAT THAI WAR ARRESTIT AND THAIR GUDIS, QUHILL THE MERCHAND OF PARIS WAR CONTENT BATHE OF THE PRINCIPALE, AND OF THE SCATHIS AND COSTIS. THE QUHILK OCCASIOUN IS IMPUT TO THE EMPEROURIS, THAT THE FORESAID CITEE IS NOCHT OBEYSAND TO THE EMPIRE, FOR AND THE EMPEROURIS DID THAIR DETT THAI SULD GER IT OBEYE AS OTHIR DOIS ( ETC )

HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF ILKE LORD MAY GEVE LETTRE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXI ) (END OF MARG) OF LEVE TO TAK MARK, AS LORDIS, SYMPLE LORDIS. TO THE QUHILKIS HE ANSUERIS SCHORTLY, THAT NAY, NOCHT ILKE LORD. AND THE RESOUN QUHY HE ASSIGNIS SAYAND THAT MARK IS IN SUM PART HALDYN AS A KYNDE AND MANER OF WERE. AND SEN NA MAN, LORD NA OTHIR, MAY NOCHT JUGE WERE TO BE MOVIT PRINCIS, THARE MAY NA LORD NA OTHIR JUGE GEVE LETTRE OF POWERE TO TAK MARK, BOT ANERLY PRINCIS AND KINGIS THAT HAS NA SOVERANE LORDE ABONE THAME IN THAT PART, BOT BE CAUS THAT, AS THE WARLD IS NOW GOVERNYT MONY HAS JURISDICCIOUN AND SEIGNOURY BE WAY OF DEDE, AND NOCHT BE WAY OF LAWE, AND TAKIS TO THAME BATHE JURISDICCIOUN RYALE AND IMPERIALE, SUPPOS THAI HAVE BOT LYTILL EVIN. BOT AS TO THE KING OF FRANCE, HE MAY AND AW TO DO AND US ALL POWAR AND PRIVILEGIS RYALL AND IMPERIALE, BUT PREJUDICE OF THE EMPIRE, NA THAT MAN MAY SAY THAT HE OCCUPYIS ONY FREDOME THAROF. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN APON THIS MATER PRECEDAND, HOW IT MAY BE SUSTENYT THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAS NA SOVERANE, NA THAT HE IS IN NATHING SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE. THAN MON WE SE BE QUHAT RESOUN IT AW TO BE SA. FOR FIRST AND FORMEST, I SALL PREVE THAT HE AW OF LAW AND RESOUN TO BE SUBJECT. FOR THE WRITTIN LAW SAIS THAT IN ALL THIS WARLD THARE SULD BE BOT A LORD AND A PRINCE ALLANERLY. THAN MON THAT BE ON NEDE FORCE THE EMPEROUR, FOR HE IS AND AWE TO BE KING OF KINGIS, AND SOVERANE ATOUR ALL ERDLY KINGIS AND NACIOUNS OF THE WARLD, AND FORTHY THE LAWIS WRITTIN CALLIS HIM PRINCE AND SOVERANE LORDE OF ALL THE WARLD. AND SPECIALY AND EXPRESSELY ALL THE LAWIS CIVILE SAIS THAT ALL THE NACIOUNS THAT AR IN THIS WARLD, BATHE CRISTYN AND HETHIN, JOWIS AND SARRAZENIS, AND ALL OTHIR MISTROWARIS CREATURIS AR ALL SUBJECT TO THE IMPIRE, AND WITH THAT, ALL THE PRINCIS

OF THE WARLD RYCHT SA AR SUBJECT TO THE EMPEROURE. ANDE THAROF MAKIS NANE EXCEPCIOUN, NOUTHIR OF THE KING OF FRAUNCE NOR NANE OTHIR LORD OF ALL THIS WARLD. ITEM, ( LEZ LOYZ DIENT ) - ALSSUA THE LAWIS SAIS THAT THE GRETE GOD OF HEVIN MAID TWA LUMYNARIS IN THE HEVIN THAT AR CALLIT THE GRETE LUMYNAR AND THE SMALL LUMYNAR, THE QUHILKIS ARE THE SONNE AND THE MONE, THAT ILLUMYNIS ALL THE WARLD, THAT IS TO SAY, THE SONNE APON THE DAY, AND THE MONE APON THE NYCHT, AS TO THE COMPARISOUN OF THE QUHILKIS, HE HAS MAID TWA GRETE PRINCIS IN THIS WARLD TO THE GOVERNANCE OF THE WARLDE, THE QUHILKIS AR THE TWA GRETE DIGNITEIS AS AR THE PAPE AND THE EMPEROUR, THE PAPE APON THE DAY, THAT IS TO SAY, TO SCHYNE IN GOVERNAUNCE OF SPIRITUALITEE OF OURE SAULIS AND OF THE CRISTYN FAITH, AND OF ALL THE GOVERNAUNCE OF THE HALY KIRKIS, ANDE THE EMPEROURE TO BE GOVERNOUR OF ALL ERDLY TEMPORALE MUNDANE THING, OFF THE QUHILKIS TWA DIGNITEIS THARE IS GRETE LANGAGE MAID IN HALY WRITT, SA THAT NA MAN MAY DENY NA THIS IS SUTHE AUTORITEE. THAN, SEN BE THE ORDYNAUNCE OF GOD THARE IS BOT THE TWA SUERDIS, THE QUHILKIS OURE LORD SAID IN THE TYME OF HIS PASSIOUN SUFFICIT, HOW MAY THAN BE SUSTENYT THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE BE NOCHT SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE? ITEM ZIT A STARK RESOUN, WE SE IN ALL GOVERNAUNCE OF ALL THING THAT IS IN THIS WARLD, WE SE A HEDE AND PRINCIPALE GOVERNOUR. FOR QUHY, BE WAY OF NATURE BATHE AND OF GUDE GOVERNAUNCE, THARE IS AY IN PLURALITEE CONFUSIOUN. AND NAMELY IN PLURALITEE OF PRINCIS, FOR, AS SAIS OURE AUTOUR - THE SOVERANE PHILOSOPHOUR ARESTOTILL, PLURALITEE OF PRINCIS AR ALL EVILL, AND THARFORE SULD THARE BE BOT A PRINCE. AS GIF A BATAILL WAR SETT, AND THARE WAR MONY MAISTERIS AND PRINCIS GOVERNAND, BOT GIF THAI OBEY ALL TILL A HEDE, IT IS SENE OFT TYMES NOCHT WELE CUM TO PROPOS. AND GIF IN THE GOVERNAUNCE OF ANE HOUSHALD THAR WAR NA

CHEIF, TREWLY, QUHEN THE HEDE SCULE FAILIS, THE GOVERNAUNCE EFTERWART IS SENE FULL SMALL. AND ALSSUA, BE THARE NOCHT A PATROUN IN A SCHIP, TO QUHAM ALL ANSUERE AND OBEYE, THE SCHIP IS NOCHT LYKE TO CUM TO GUDE HAVIN. AND AS TO THIS, OURE LORD GOD GAVE US ANE ENSAMPLE QUHEN HE LED HIS PEPLE IN THE DESERTIS AND FED THAME WITH HEVINLY FUDE, ZIT MAID HE A PRINCE AND LEDARE OF THAME TO GOVERNE THAME - THAT WAS MOYSES, TO QUHAM HE GAVE ANERLY THE GOVERNAUNCE, QUHILK WAS HEDE. AND WITH THIS HE GAVE ANE OTHIR ENSAMPLE QUHEN HE GAVE THE GOVERNAUNCE OF ARCHANOE TILL NOE AND MAID HIM CHEF HEDISMAN TO GOVERNE THE SCHIP. AND THUS CALLIS ALL WYS MEN THE RYCHT GOVERNAUNCE OF WIT AND WISDOME. AND THUS GIF THAT ALL WYS MEN, THE PRINCIS OF THE WARLD, CONFORMYT THAME NOCHT TO GOD IN THIS CAS, IT WAR NOCHT LYKE THAT THAI FOLOWIT THE TRADE OF OURE LORD, QUHILK ALL HIS ACCIOUN WAS OURE INSTRUCTIOUN. AND ALL WRITTIS OF PROPHECY, AND LAWIS OF THE FAITH AND THE EWANGELE WAS WRITTIN FOR OURE DOCTRYNE AND TECHING ( QUIA OMNIS CHRISTI ACCIO EST NOSTRA INSTRUCCIO. ET OMNIA * SUNT ) FOR ALL HIS WRITTIS AND ALL HIS WERKIS WAS FOR OURE INSTRUCTIOUN AND TECHING. AND GIF IT WAR SA, THAT EVERY MAN SULD LYVE EFTER HIS APPETITE AND SINGULARE DESIRE, THE WARLD SULD NOCHT BE WELE GOVERNYT. FOR EFTER THE CONDICIOUN OF THE PEPLE QUHILKIS AR SUM WELE, SUM EVILL INCLYNDE, SUM WALD DO JUSTICE, SUM INJURE, SUM GREVE HIS NYCHTBOURIS BUT CAUS, AND PREVE TO BE A PASSE MAISTER, SA THAT, BOT GIF THARE WAR A SOVERANE TO QUHAM ALL MEN SULD HAVE RECOURS TO SETT REMEDE OF LAWE, ALL THE WORLD WALD WORTH TO NOCHT, BUT REULE OF GUDE GOVERNAUNCE, QUHILK WAR AGAYNE THE MAKARE ALMYCHTY. AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THIR RESOUNS AR STARK AND GUDE, ZIT WILL WE SAY SUM THING FOR THE TOTHIR PARTY, AND THAT THE KING OF

FRAUNCE IS IN NATHING SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, TO THE QUHILK APPROBACIOUN MEN SALL FYND GUDE RESOUNS AND MONY IN ANE OTHIR PLACE OF THIS ILKE BUKE, SUPPOS IT WAS PUT THARE TILL ANE OTHIR PURPOS. AND HERE THE RESOUN, IN THE QUHILK HE FOUNDIS HIM. FOR QUHY, SUTHE IT IS QUHA WILL SEKE THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE INHABITACIOUN OF FRAUNCE THAI SALL FYND THAT THE FRANCHMEN ARE CUMMYN OF THE GRETE TROYE. FOR AS THE STORYES SAIS, QUHEN THE GRETE TROYE WAS DESTROYIT, THAI COME FIRST TO THE REALM OF PANOUM, THE QUHILK IS NOW CALLIT THE REALM OF UNGARY, AND THARE THAI BIGGIT, IN A CONTREE CALLIT SYTIE, A CITEE CALLIT SINCAMBRE, EFTER THE QUHILK NAME OF THAT CITEE THAT THAI BIGGIT, THAI WAR CALLIT SINCAMBRYANIS. AND THARE, DREDELES, THAI OCCUPYIT THAT DUCHERY HONOURABLY WELE, TO THE SPACE OF ( XV ) HUNDER ZERIS, IN SAMEKLE HYE AND GRETE HONOURE THAT THAIRE DUK OF SYNCAMBRIANIS WAS GOVERNOUR OF ALL THAI CONTREIS, AND WAS LORDE AND SYRE OURE ALL THAI CONTREIS NERE ABOUT HIM, FOR ALL THE SPACE OF THE TYME BEFORE NAMYT. AND MEN REDIS SELDYN IN STORIES A NACIOUN OF SUDANE AVENTUROUS BEGYNNYNG TILL HAVE HAD SA HONOURABLE AND LANG ENDURING, NA LESTING AS THAI THARE HAD, QUHILL ON A TYME THAT THE EMPEROUR CALLIT VALENTYNIAN, HAD WERE AGANIS A KYNDE OF MEN CALLIT ALAYNIS, THE QUHILKIS WAS OF SYK MYCHTIS THAT THE EMPEROUR MYCHT NOCHT OUR-CUM THAME. AND SA SEND HE TO THE DUK OF SYNCAMBRE, AND REQUERIT HIM TO BE IN HIS HELP, AND BRING WITH HIM THE SYNCAMBRIANIS, AND SA THAI DID GLADLY. THE QUHILK EMPEROUR, THROU THE HELP AND THE VAILLIAUNCE OF THAI SYNCAMBRIANIS, OUR-THREW AND UNDID, AND PUT DOUN ALL THAT NACIOUN OF ALANIS, AS WELE IS KEND AND SUTHELY APPROVIT BE ALL THE MAIST TREW AND ALDE STORIES. AND THROU THAT SERVICE THE EMPEROUR FRED THAME AND CALLIT THAME FRANCHE MEN, THAT IS TO SAY FREE MEN FRA ALL SUBJECTIOUN, AND SERVITUTE OF TRUAGE

THE QUHILK THAI PAYIT OF BEFORE TO THE EMPIRE. AND QUHAT SUM EVER OTHIR ALLEGEAUNCE OR INTERPRETACIOUN SUM INVIOUS FOLK WALD MAK AGANIS THE FREDOME OF FRAUNCE, TRAIST WELE IT IS TRWE THAT THUS THAI WAN THAIR FREDOME, AND WAR CALLIT FRANCHEMEN BEFORE THE TYME THAT THAI COME IN FRAUNCE TO DUELL, FOR FRAUNCE WAS CALLIT THAN GALLIA. AND THAT NAME OF FREDOME THAI GAT BE THE MOUTH OF THE EMPEROUR VALENTYNIAN FORESAID QUHILK GAVE THAME THAIR FREDOME. AND THUS, QUHEN THAI COME IN FRAUNCE TO DUELL, THAI CHANGIT THE NAME THAT FRAUNCE HAD THAN, AND CALLIT IT EFTERWART FRAUNCE, AS IT IS ZIT AND LYKE EVER TO BE. AND AS AT THE FIRST CUMMYNG, THAI CONQUEST FIRST BURGONE, QUHILK WAS THAN CALLIT A REALME, AND CALLIT THE KING RYKE OF BURGOYNE, AND SA DOUNWART IN GALLY, AND WAN ALL, AND WAS LORDIS HYDIRTILLIS, AND THIS WAS BEFORE THAT GALLY WAS CRISTYN, NA ZIT NA WAS MONY A ZERE EFTER THIS. AND SYNE, BEHALD THAT THE EMPEROURE THAT THAN WAS HAD NA SUPERIORITEE OF GALLY, NA WAS NOCHT UNDER NA SUBJECTIOUN NA TRUAGE TILL HIM. AND THIR AR TWA GRETE POYNTIS: THAT THAI WAR CONQUESTABLE, SEN NOUTHIR THAI HELDE OF GOD NA OF THE EMPIRE. AND THUS WAN THAI THIS REALME OF GALLY, THAT NOW IS FRAUNCE, THROU FORCE OF ARMES WORTHILY, QUHILK WAS UNDER SUBJECTIOUN OF NA MAN, BOT HABIL TILBE CONQUEST BE THE SUERD, THE QUHILK THAI CONQUEST AND HALDIS ZIT AS FREID BE THE EMPEROURE. THAT POWER THAN HAD, QUHILK FREDOME THAI HAVE AY SENSYNE MANETENED, AND HALDIN AY BETTER AND BETTER WORTHILY, BE WIT, WISDOME AND STRENTH OF ARMES. AND THARFORE QUHA WALD WELE CONSIDER WALD NEVER SAY THAT THE REALME OF FRAUNCE WAR SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, NA THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE OCCUPYIS WRANGWISLY THE PRIVILEGIS IMPERIALIS. AND OF THIS MATER MOVIS THE DOCTOURIS MARE TO SPEKE BE CAUS OF THE TYRANE LOMBARDIS, THE QUHILKIS WILL NOCHT OBEY TO THE

EMPEROUR, SAYAND THAT SEN THE KING OF FRAUNCE OBEYIS NOCHT BOT OCCUPYIS THE FREDOMES OF THE EMPYRE ALSWELE MAY THAI OCCUPY THAME BE THE SAMYN RESOUN AND THUS WALD THAI COVER THAIR MALICIOUS TYRANNY. AND GIF ONY JURIST OR LEGIST WALD ALLEGE THAT THARE IS NANE EMPEROURE THAT MAY MAK ALIENACIOUN OF THE PRIVILEGIS IMPERIALIS, I ANSUERE HIM THAT I TRAIST WELE NOW HE SAIS SUTHE SEN EFTER THAT THE EMPIRE ZEDE BE ELECTIOUN. BOT BEFORE THAT TYME, IT ZEDE ALL BE LYNE OF HERITAGE AND SUCCESSIOUN, AND THAN MYCHT THAI DO AS OTHIR LORDIS DOIS WITH THAIR PROPRE HERITAGIS. FOR ELLIS WAR IT LITILL OF VALURE THE PRIVILEGE THAT THE EMPEROUR HAS GEVIN TO THE HALY KIRK OF ROME OF ALL THE PATRYMONYE OF THE KIRK WITH THE ILIS IN THE SEE AND OTHIR FREDOMES MONY. AND THARFORE, SAIS THE DOCTOURIS THAT IT WAR GRETE FOLY TO SAY THAT THE DONACIOUN NE WAR NOCHT GUDE THAT THE EMPEROURIS HAS MAID IN THE TYME THAT THE EMPYRE PASSIT BE SUCCESSIOUN OF LYGNE. FOR ALL THE DOCTOURIS AND THE LAWIS ACCORDIS IN THAT, THAT THE EMPEROURE IS VERAY LORD OF ALL THE PATRYMOYNE OF THE EMPIRE, WITH THE APPERTENENCE, AND HAS VERRAY DONACIOUN AND SEIGNOURY THAROF, AND MAY, BE THE LAWIS, BATHE GEVE PRIVILEGIS, AND MAK LAWIS AND ALIENACIOUNS, FOR SA SAIS THE LAWIS CIVILE. THAN MON WE BATHE HALD THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE IS RYCHTWISLY PRIVILEGIT, AND THE PAPE VERRAY LORD OF THE PATRYMOYNE OF HALY KIRK. THAN MAY WE SAY LAUFULLY THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE IS LAUFULLY PRIVILEGIT, AND HIS REALME, BE EMPEROURIS HAFAND POWER, AND THE FREDOME OF FRAUNCE CONFERMYT AND ALSSUA THAT THE HALY KIRK IS RYCHTWISLY FEFT OF THE PATRYMOYNE AND PRIVILEGIS GEVIN BE THE EMPEROUR CONSTANTYNE, OF THE QUHILKIS THE PAPE IS VERRAY LORD TEMPORALE AND SPIRITUALE . FOR GIF THE EMPEROUR MYCHT NOCHT GEVE PRIVILEGIS AND LORDSCHIPPIS, THAI TYMES, TO THAME THAT WAS WORTHY AND THAT MAID HIM

GUDE CAUS AND SERVICE TO THE DEFENS, CONQUEST AND MANETENYNG OF THE RICHTIS OF THE EMPIRE, AS DID THE FORESAID SYNCAMBRIANIS, QUHA WALDE DO HONOUR OR SERVICE TO THE EMPEROUR, NA MANETENE HIS FREDOMES NA POSSESSIOUNS? NA MAY NA WYS MAN SAY NA THE SUERD OF POWERE IMPERIALE IS GEVIN TO THE EMPEROUR. AND THAT IS IN SIGNIFICACIOUN AND TAKENYNG THAT HE HAS POWER OUR ALL TEMPORALITEE, TO CHASTYS AND PUNYS MYSDOARIS, AND OF DONACIOUN, AND OF SEIGNOURY TO TAK VENGEAUNCE OF GODDIS INYMYES, GIF THAI WALD INVADE THE CRISTIANITEE. AND TO DO AND GEVE HONOURE, WORSCHIP AND GLORE TILL WORTHY AND NOBLE MEN, EFTER THAT HE HAD PROVIT THAME AND KNAWIN THAIR WORTHYNES, TO MAK THAME GIFT AND REWARDE, AND WARLDLY HONOUR AND WORSCHIP THARFORE, AND WITH LORDSCHIPPIS OF THE ERDE AVAUNCE THAME, TO GER THAME, QUHAT THROU HONOURIS AND PRIVILEGIS, QUHAT THROU GIFTIS AND LORDSCHIPPIS, BE MARE CURAGEUS TO DO SERVICE TO THE EMPIRE AND TO THE HALY KIRK IN TYME TO CUM. ITEM, THE KING OF FRAUNCE AND THE REALME, WITH THE PEPLE, LORDIS AND NOBLIS OF FRAUNCE WAS FRED, PRIVILEGIT AND ANOBLYD TO MARE HYE FREDOME, AND WORTHY HONOUR AND LOS BE CHARLES MAIGNE THE EMPEROURE AND KING OF FRAUNCE, AS OTHIR TYMES I HAVE SPOKYN IN THIS BUKE SUPPOS IT WAS TILL OTHIR PURPOS. THE QUHILKIS THAR WAS FYVE SYNDRY KINGIS OF FRAUNCE, EFTER HIM SUCCEDAND, DOUNE BE LYNE OF HERITAGE. THE QUHILKIS ALL WAS EMPEROURIS AND KINGIS BATHE OF FRAUNCE, AND HELDE THE SAID KING REALM AND PEPLE AY IN THAIR FORESAID FREDOME, BUT QUESTIOUN OR DEMAUND, THAT NEVER MAN, EFTERWART MYCHT, NA MAY FYND NA CRONIKIS NA WRITTIS THE CONTRAIR, AND EVER HAS BENE IN THIS FREDOME FRA THE FIRST KING THAT EVER BARE CROUNE IN FRAUNCE. AND HERE ATOUR, THE PAPE BERIS WITNES IN HIS DECRETALIS THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE HALDIS OF NANE ERDLY KING OF THE WARLD NA TEMPORALE

AND TO SAY THAT THE PAPE WALD LEE IN HIS LAWIS OF HALY KIRK, AND GIF ONY ENVIOUS ADVERSARE OF FRAUNCE WALD SAY THAT, PERAVENTURE, THE PAPE THAT MAID THAT DECRETALE WAS FRANCHE BORNE, I ANSUERE HYM TREULY THAT WAS HE NOCHT. FOR HE WAS, BUT DOUT, BORNE OF THE TOUNE OF SENES QUHILK IS OF THE TONG OF LOMBARDY. ITEM, PAPE INNOCENT, QUHILK MAID THE GLOS OF THE DECRETALIS, SAIS THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE IS NOCHT SUBJECT TO NA KING OF THIS ERDE, NOUTHIR EMPEROUR NA OTHIR, BOT HE IS THE PAPIS MAN, THE QUHILK THE NOBLE DOCTOUR JOHAN DE LIGNAN REHERSIS IN HIS BUKIS. THE QUHILKIS RESOUNS AND ALLEGEANCIS I SAY, NOCHT FOR FLECHING NA FLATERY, BOT FOR GROUND OF LAWTEE AND OF VERITEE. AND ZIT I SAY MARE NA BEFORE, THAT IT IS NOCHT EXPEDIENT, NA PROFFITABLE FOR THE FAYTH OF GOD NA HALY KIRK NA FOR THE CRISTIANITEE THAT HE WAR SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, AND MY CAUS IS THIS. FOR QUHY, WE FYND IN HALY WRITT ( XXII ) ANTEPAPIS, OF THE QUHILKIS THARE IS FEW THAT WAS OF THAME NA THE EMPEROURIS THAT WAS IN THAIR TYMES SUSTENYT THAME AGAYN THE RYCHT PAPE IN THAIR SCISME. AND SUPPOS THAT SUM OF THE TREW VERRAY PAPIS WAS FRANCHEMEN, ALL THE VERRAY PAPIS WAS NOCHT OF FRAUNCE. AND THARFORE, AND THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAD BEEN SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, AND THE SUBJECT HAD BENE ALS EVILL TO THE HALY PAPATIS AS THE MAISTER MAN WAS, THE CRISTYN FAITH HAD STANDIN IN SYMPLE STATE, FOR CERTAYNLY ALL THE WARLD HAD BENE THE WERR. ITEM, SE QUHAT GRETE JUREMENTIS THE EMPEROURIS EFTER CHARLIS MAIGNE HAS MADE TO THE PAPE, AGANIS THE UNFAITHFULL INYMYES OF GOD, AND BEFORE HIM ALSSUA ALL BOT THAI OFF FRAUNCE. AND ZIT FRAUNCE HAS KEPIT A BETTER PART TO THE PAPIS NA THE EMPEROURIS HAS DONE. AND QUHA WILL BEHALD AND SE THE STORIES AND CRONYKIS OF THAI TYMES, SE QUHAT CONQUESTIS EMPEROURIS HAS MAID FOR THE FAITH, AND THE HONOUR OF

THE REVERENCE OF ALMYCHTY GOD, AND ZE SALL FYND FULL FEWE. BOT SE QUHA WAN THE DAULPHYNAGE OF FRAUNCE, OR THE PRINCIPATE OFF ORANGE, THE CONTREE OF VIENNE, THE REALME OF ARRAGOUN, THE REALME OF ARLE AND OF NERBOUN AND OF CARCASSOUNE, THE PARTIES, LANDIS AND LORDESCHIPPIS OF THE KNYCHTIS OF GENUIS OF BORDEAULX, OF GIROUNDE, AND OF BARSSALONE, DE NAVARRE, DE LYONS, AND OF MOUNT PARTUS, AND THE MAIST FORS OF ALL THE OUT MERCHIS OF THE REALMES OF SPAYNE. CERTAYNLY NANE OTHIR BOT GUDE KING CHARLES MAIGNE AND HIS SUCCESSOURIS, KINGIS OF FRAUNCE, NOCHT CONQUEST FRA CRISTYN BLUDE, BOT OUT OF THE HANDIS OF SARRAZENIS THAT OCCUPYIT THAME IN THAI TYMES, AS ALL MEN THAT LYKIS TO HERE OR REDE ALDE STORIES MAY CLERELY SE. THAN WAR IT LYKE TO BE UNSEMAND THAT THIS MAIST CRISTIN REALME WAR IN ONY THING SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE THAT LYTILL GUDE OR NOCHT HAS DONE TO THE AUGMENTACIOUN OF THE CRISTYN FAITH, BOT AY MANETENAND SCISME, AS SAID IS, AGAIN THE KIRK. BOT FRAUNCE HAS AY KEPIT AND MANETENYT THE FAITH OUR ALL CRISTIANITEE, AND THE PAPE AND THE HALY KIRK, AY SUSTENYT OF JHESUS CRIST IN THAIR RYCHT, AND AY BENE PROTECTOUR AND DEFENDOUR TO THAME. AND TREWLY THAN, BE THE ORDOUR OF GUDE POLICYE, IT WAR UNWORTHY THAT THAI SULD BE LORDIS THAT HAS AY MISGOVERNYT, AND THAI THAT HAD EVER WELE AND LOVABLY GOVERNYT WAR SUBJECTIS. BOT SIK MEN AR WORTHY TO BE LORDIS QUHILKIS CAN WELE GOVERNE THAME SELF AND OTHERIS, AND KEPE THAME FRA FAILLEING. AND SYNE LAT ONY QUHA LYKIS TO REDE OR SE STORIES OF ALDE ANCESTRY, AND THAI SALL NEVER FYND THAT EVER FRAUNCE SUSTENYT OUTHIR SCISME OR HERISY. BOT TREULY I HAVE RED IN STORIES THAT MA NA ( X ) EMPEROURIS THAT ALL WAS MANETENOURIS OF FALS SCISMATIKIS AND HERITYKIS, ANDE HERYTIKIS AND SCISMATICKIS THAME SELF. THAN WAR IT WORTHY, GOD WATE, TO GEVE TO SIK MEN THE SUPERIORITEE AND SOVERANITEE

OF SIK A MAIST NOBLE REALME TO THAME THAT COUD NEVER WELE GOVERNE THAME SELF IN VERTU? ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR THE KING OF INGLAND BE SUGET TO THE EMPEROUR, OR THE KINGIS OF SPAYNE, AND FOR LEZ WERRIS OF SPAYNE. AS OF INGLAND, I ANSUERE, THAT EFTER THE OPYNIOUN OF DOCTOURIS IN ALDE GLOSS SUM JURIST WALD SAY THAT THAI AR NOCHT SUBGET TO THE EMPIRE. BOT BECAUSE THAT SYNDRY FOLK REDIS APON A SYDE OF THE LEF AND NOCHT ON THE TOTHIR, HAD THAI RED ALL THAT I HAVE SENE, THAI WALD HAVE UNDERSTANDIN OTHIR WAYIS IN THE ALDE STORIES FOR, AS WE HAVE OTHIR TYMES SAID, EFTER THE COURS OF THE LAW COMMOUN, ALL REALMES SULD BE SUBJECT TO THE EMPIRE, BOT GIF THAI BE SPECIALLY PRIVILEGIT BE EMPEROURIS POWER HAFAND, OR ELLIS THAT THAI BE FRED BE THE AUTORITEE OF HALY KIRK. AND SA, EVER HELP ME GOD, DICIT DOCTOR, I SAW NEVER STORYE, NA STATUTE, NA PRIVILEGE, NA DECREE, NA DECRETALE, THAT EVER SAID NA DECLARIT PRIVILEGE OF EXEMPCIOUN TO THE KING OF INGLAND FRA THE OBEYSAUNCE OF THE EMPIRE. AND QUHA WALD SEE WELE AND CONSIDER THE GLOS THAT SUM FAVOURABLE TO THAT PART ALLEGIS, THAI SALL FYND BOT FULL SMALL FOUNDEMENT IN THE CONTRAIRE. FOR SUM SAIS QUHILUM THAT HE MANETENYS HIS EXEMPCIOUN BE FORS AND MAISTRY, SUM SAIS HE HALDIS IT BE PRESCRIPCIOUN OF ALDE TYMES, SUM SAIS OTHIR WAYIS. BOT SUTHFASTLY, ALL MEN OF GUDE UNDERSTANDING MAY WELE KNAW THAT BUT DOCUMENTIS ALL THIS IS NOCHT. FOR PRESCRIPCIOUN AGAYN SOVERANITEE IS NOCHT WORTH AGAYN OBEISAUNCE HALDIN ON FORS, AS BE THE VERITEE OF SUTHFAST WRITTIN LAWE. THAN GIF HE MAY SCHAWE NA PRIVILEGE GEVIN BE NANE EMPEROUR POWER HAFAND, HE IS SUBJECT DOUTLES TO THE EMPIRE. FOR I AM CERTANE THAT IN THE TYME OF PAPE INNOCENT THE THRID OF THAT NAME, THE KING JOHAN OF INGLAND RAIS AGAYN THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND ALL THE REALM OF FRAUNCE WAS DIVIDIT IN TWA PARTIS. AND WAS AGAYNIS THE KING OF FRAUNCE,

PHILIPPE AND HIS SONE LOWIS, THE ERLE OF FLANDRIS, AND THE ERLE OF BOULOIGNE, AND ALS THE EMPEROUR OTHE THAT IN THAT TYME WAS EMPEROUR, WITH GRETE NOMBRE AND QUANTITEE OF MEN OF ARMES, AND ALL THAI PARTIES TOGEDIR AGAYNE THE NOBLE KING PHILIP. BOT THE KING OF INGLAND, JOHNE, HELDE A FELDE BE HIM SELF, AND THE TOTHIR LORDIS BE THAIM SELF, AND SA BEFELL THAT THE NOBLE KING PHILIPPE PASSIT AGAYNIS THE ERLLIS OF FLANDRIS, AND OF BOLOIGNE, AND THE POWER OF THE EMPEROUR, AND HIS SONE LOWIS AGANIS THE KING OF INGLAND, HE AND HIS WELE WILLARIS WITH HIM. BOT THE NOBLE KING DISCOMFYTE THAME ALL, AND BROCHT THE LORDIS ALL PRISOUNARIS TO PARIS, AND SLEW GRETE NOMBRE OF THE EMPEROURIS MEN, AND OF FLEMMYNGIS AND PICARDIS. AND THE NOBLE LOWIS, THAT PAST AGAYNE THE KING OF INGLAND, PUT HIM IN SIK POYNT THAT HE WIST NOCHT QUHARE TO HYDE HIM, AND PUT HIM FORSABLY OUT OF THE LAND, AND THARE WAS THE SAID KING JOHAN OF INGLAND FAYN TO PUT HIM IN THE HANDIS OF THE PAPE, AND LEFT THE EMPEROURE, AND BECOME MAN TO THE PAPE AND TO THE HALY KIRK. AND OBLIST HIM EVER ILKE ZERE TO PAY TO THE PAPE OF TRIBUTE A THOUSAND TROYES MARKIS OF SILVER, AND TREULY I WILL THAT ALL MEN WIT THAT THIS I FAND WRITTIN BE A NOTABLE DOCTOUR CALLIT THOLOMEANE. AND THARFOR, ALL THIS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, I CAN NOCHT SUTHELY SAY NA TROWE NA THE KING OF INGLAND IS VERAY SUBGET TO THE EMPIRE, FOR NATHING THAT I CAN FYND BE WRITT, PRIVILEGE, NA EXEMPCIOUN. FOR WE MAY UNDO NA GAYNSAY THE COMMOUN LAWE UNDEFAMYT. AND ALSSUA AS LANGAND THE KING OF SPAYNE, I CAN NOCHT FYND HIM PRIVILEGIT BE NA LAW THAT IS WRITTIN, NA OTHIR CERTIFICACIOUN. BOT SUTHE IT IS THAT MONYE KINGIS USIS AND JOYS PRIVILEGIS IMPERIALE, AS JUGEAND WERIS TO BE MAID, GEVAND POWER BE LETTRE TO TAK MARK, HALDAND AND MANETENAND BEFORE THAME BATAILLIS IN BARRIERIS CLOS, AS BATAILLIS IN LISTIS, IN QUHAT NOMBRE THAIM LIST, THE QUHILKIS THRE POYNTIS MAY NOCHT PERTENE, BUT PRIVILEGE AND SPECIALE LEVE, TO NA MAN THAT HALDIS

UNDER SOVERANITEE OF ONY OTHIR PRINCE IN ERDE. FOR WERE GENERALE MAY NA MAN DECRETE NA JUGE, BOT HE BE SOVERANE LORD OF THAT REALME THAT WERE DECRETIS AND JUGIS. BOT AS OF THE KING OF FRAUNCE, I MAK NA DOUT THAN HE IS FREE SOVERANE OF THE REALME OF FRAUNCE AND MAY DO ALL ZONE THRE THINGIS BUT CHARGE, AS I HAVE BEFORE SAID AND PREVIT REASONABLY AS I TRAIST. BOT SUPPOS AS THE WARLD IS NOW GOVERNYT, BATHE SYNDRY KINGIS DUKIS, AND SYMPLE ERLLIS DOIS ALL THRE THIR THINGIS, IT MAKIS THAME NOCHT THE MARE TO HAVE RYCHT, BOT THAI SCHAWE OTHIR WAYIS PRIVILEGE OF PAPE OR EMPEROUR, BE EXEMPCIOUN SPECIALY GEVIN. FOR THARE IS BATHE SMALL LORDIS AND CITEIS, AND OTHERIS THAT US IT, BUT ONY RYCHT KNAWIN TILL US, BOT OF THAIR AWIN AUTORITEE AND PRESUMPCIOUN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXIIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF A BURGEIS HALDIS CHANGE IN PARIS, WAR REFT CUMMAND TO PARIS BE THE WAY OF HIS GUDIS AND HIS PERSONE PUT IN PRISOUN, QUHETHIR GIF THE KING AW TO GEVE LEVE TO TAK MARK THARFORE AGANIS THAME THAT REFT HIM AND EMPRISOUNYT HIM, AS GIF A BURGESS OF MILLANE OR OF NAPPLES HALDIS BANK AND CHANGE IN PARIS, AND THARE HAS HIS FACTOURIS AND VARLETIS LABOURAND HIS WYNIS AND HIS CORNIS, AND KEPAND HIS HOUS. AND, AS THIS LUMBARD PASSIS FRA A HAME TILL ANE OTHIR, HE IS TANE BE THE FOLK OF FLORENCE OR OF GENUIS, AND DISPOILIT AND ENPRISOUNYT, QUHETHIR GIF THE KING AW TO GEVE LETTER OF POWAR TO TAK MARK APON THAME THARFORE. TO THE QUHILK I SAY FIRST, NAY, THAT HE AW NOCHT TO DO IT. FOR QUHY, SUPPOS HE HAVE HOUS AND GUDIS THARE AT PARIS, HE IS NOCHT BURGES OF PARIS BE THE PROPOSICIOUN THAT I MAK. FOR QUHY, HE AW NOCHT TO JOYS THE PRIVILEGIS OF THE CITEE, SEN HE IS ANE ALIENE, SEN THE OFFENCE TOUCHIS TO THE REALME, AND TO THE CITEE ANERLY OF THAIR PROPRE BURGES. AND AS BELANGAND THIS CAS THARE MON BE MAID A DISTINCTIOUN, THAT IS TO SAY THAT GIF THE SAID MERCHAND PAYIS OTHIR TAILLES AND SUBSIDIS TO THE KING OR NOCHT

AND GIF HE DOIS, WE SAY, BY A REUGLE OF THE CANOUN LAWE THAT HE THAT DOIS TO THE PRINCE AND THE REALME SUM PROFFIT, AND MAKIS COST SUM, JOYS SUM PART OF THE PRIVILEGIS, THAT HE AW TILL HAVE LETTRE OF MARK. AND GIF HE PAYIS NA THING TO THE KING OF SIK THINGIS, WE SAY HE SULD NOCHT JOIS THE PRIVILEGIS. BOT GIF THE KING HAD TANE HIM TILL HIS BURGES, AND PRIVILEGIT HIM SPECIALY OF HIS GRACE AND FAVOUR, IN THAT CAS HE AW TILL HAVE THE PRIVILEGE, FOR THAN IN THAT CAS THE INJURE TOUCHIS TO THE KINGIS PERSONE (MARG) (CAPITULUM LXXXV ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF A CLERK OF THE REALME OF INGLAND WAR STUDYAND IN PARIS IN THE UNIVERSITEE, QUHETHIR MYCHT HE BE TANE AND HALDYN PRISONARE, CONSIDERAND THAT THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE AND INGLAND HAS WERE AGAIN OTHERIS. AS THUS THE PAPE AND THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE HAS PRIVILEGIT THE SCOLARIS TO BE SEUR, OF QUHAT NACIOUN THAT EVER THAI BE, THAT STUDYIS IN THE UNIVERSITEE OF PARIS. SA CUMIS THARE A LICENCIATE OF LONDON, INGLIS MAN BORNE, TILL PARIS TO BE DOCTOUR IN CANOUN OR THEOLOGYE. AND BE THE WAY, METIS HIM A FRANCHE KNYCHT THAT ALL HIS GUDIS TAKIS FRA HIM, AND LEDIS HIM SELF PRISONARE AWAY. THAN IS HERE THE QUESTIOUN, QUHITHER HE AW TO BE PRISOUNARE AND PAY FYNAUNCE OR NOCHT. THE CLERK ALLEGIS AND COMPLENZEIS TO THE KING AND THE PARLEMENT, SAYAND AS BEFORE, THAT THE LAW LEVIS ALL CLERKIS TO VAKE IN SCOLIS AND IN STUDYIS TO LEZ SCIENCES AND LITERATURE, AND FORBEDIS THAT ONY BE SA HARDY TO DO THAME ONY GREF, DISPLESANCE, OR MOLESTACIOUN, BOT ALL HONOURE AND REVERENCE. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT QUHAT WIKKIT MAN WAR HE THAT WALD MAK DISTRUBLAUNCE, LETTING OR HYNDERING TO THE WORTHY SCOLARIS, THE QUHILKIS LEVIS FADER AND MODER, KYN AND CONTREE, AND ALL WARLDLY AND TEMPORALE PLESAUNCE, TO TAK THE PAYNE AND TRAVAILE TO NYCHT AND DAY STUDY IN SCIENCIS, AND IN VERTU AND WISEDOME, QUHAT WAR HE THAT HAD SA HARD A HERT NA HE WALD

HAVE MERCI OF THAME QUHILKIS LEVIS ALL RICHESSIS AND DELYTIS WARLDLY TO VAKE THAREAPON AMANY STRANGE INYMYES AS THAI WAR BANYST MEN? MENAND THAT QUHASA DID THE CONTRAIR HE WAR UNGENTILL, UNCURTAS, AND UNCONNAND. NEVERTHELES THE KNYCHT THAT TUKE HIM AND MAID HIM PRISONARE ALLEGIS, ON THE TOTHIR PART, THAT THE WERIS AR OPYN BETUIX THE REALMES, AND JUGIT TO BE MAID. AND AS LANGAND ZOUR LAWIS WE HAVE NOCHT ADO, WE AR FRANCH MEN, AND MELLIS US NOCHT WITH EMPOROURIS LAWIS, NA WITH ZOUR EMPEROURIS THAT YOUR LAWIS MAID, NA WE WILL NATHING DO FOR HIS LAWIS. THE CLERK ANSUERIS REPLYAND, SAYAND GUDE SCHIR, THE LAWIS IS NOCHT ELLIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BOT GUDE FAITH AND RESOUN, ORDANYT BE VERTU AND WISDOME OF WIS MEN TO GOVERNE THE PEPLE IN POLICY, AND SUPPOS ZE SET NOUTHIR BY EMPEROURE NA EMPEROURIS LAWIS, THE KINGIS LORDIS AND NOBLES, WIS MEN OF FRAUNCE, WILL NOCHT LETT, FORTHY TO GOVERNE THAME BE VERTU WISDOME, RESOUN AND POLICY, IN LAWTEE AND GUDE FAITH REULIT WITH EQUITEE, AND ORDANYT BE WIS MEN. AND ZIT ALSSUA, QUHEN CHARLIS MAYGNE, WITH CONSENT OF THE PAPE, TRANSPORTIT THE STUDY OUT OF ROME AND BROCHT IT TO PARIS, THE QUHILK THE GENERALE SCULE, AND MAIST WORTHY, AND MAIST OF AUTORITEE AND LOS OF THE WARLD, THE PAPE AND THE SAID KING, WITH MONY OTHIR PAPIS AND KINGIS SEN SYNE, HAS GEVIN TO THE STUDY OF PARIS SA MONY NOTABLE PRIVILEGIS THAT CLERKIS SULD JOYS THARE, AND, WITH THAT BROCHT WITH THAME MONY NOTABLE AND WORTHY CLERKIS OUT OF ROME FOR TO MAK THE INSTRUCTIOUN OF THE BEGYNNYNG OF THE SAID STUDY, THE QUHILKIS CLERKIS HAD ALL LANGAGIS, BATHE EBREW, GREIC AND LATINE. AND GERT THAME BE SA ASSEURIT OF THAIR HERE BEYNG THAT NA MAN DURST DISTRUBLE THAME UNDER GRETE PAYNIS. AND THARE WAS NANE EXCEPCIOUN MAID NOUTHIR OF INGLIS NA FRANCHE, FRENDE NA FA. AND THAN SEN THE PRIVILEGIS AR GENERALE, QUHY MAY I NOCHT ALS WELE CUM UNDISTRUBLIT AS OTHERIS, SEN BATHE THE PAPE AND THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE

HAS ASSEURIT THAME? THAN ANSUERIS AGAYNE THE KNYCHT SAYAND, FAIRE SCHIR THE THINGIS AR NOCHT IN TERMES AS THAI WAR WOUNT. THE REALME WAS THAN IN PES THAT NOW AR IN WERIS, AND THE WERE IS ALL OPIN, AND JUGIT BE THE KINGIS TO BE OPIN, AND SA IS EVERY MAN AT HIS AVANTAGE, AND NA MAN TO PAS BUT LEVE AMANG THAME THAT FA IS. QUHAREFORE ZOUR RESOUNS AR OF NA VALURE. FOR QUHY, ZE MAY DAYLY WRYTE TO ZOUR FRENDIS THE SECRETIS OF THE REALME, AND THE KINGIS PRIVETEIS, AND WARNE HIS INYMYES THAROF, BE THE QUHILK THE KING MYCHT HAVE AND SUSTENE GRETE SCATHE THARFORE AND NOW MON WE SE QUHAT JUSTICE AND RESOUNE WALD IN THIS MATER. AND FIRST WE MON SAY THAT SUPPOS THE KING HAD DECRETIT AND JUGIT OPIN WERE, AND HE HAD NOCHT MAID SPECIALE INHIBICIOUN BE LETTRES OR CRY PUBLYK THAT NA MAN OF INGLAND, CLERK NA OTHIR, SULD CUM IN HIS REALME DURAND THE WERIS, BUT LEVE ASKIT AND OPTENYT, AND THAT HE WAR NOCHT CUMMYN FEYNYNGLY, UNDER COLOUR OF STUDY, TO BE A SPY, ME THINK GUDE FAITH AND LAW WALDE NOCHT THAT HE SULDE BE PRISONARE BE THE GENERALE PRIVILEGIS OF THE KING CHARLES MAIGNE AND OF THE PAPE. FOR AND THE KING HAD MAID ONY SPECIALE INHIBICIOUN, OR THAT A FEYNYT MAN WAR SA CUMMYN, UNDER FALS COLOUR, THAN WAR THARE NA DOUT THAREIN. BOT IT IS NOCHT SPEDEFULL NA LEFULL IN TYME OF WERE GENERALE TILL ONY MEN TO BRING IN THE KINGIS INYMYES IN HIS REALME UNDER ONY COLOUR THAT MAY BE. FOR AND THE ARCHEBISCHOPRYKE OF RANIS OR ROWAN VAKIT, AND THE CHANOUNS WALD CHES ANE INGLISMAN TO BE ARCHEBISCHOP THE KING MAY GER GAYNCALL THE ELECTIOUN, AND SALBE HERD WITH THE PAPE THARAPON, BE ALL OURE DOCTOURIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR A QUESTIOUN: QUHETHIR THE SERVANDIS SULD JOIS THE PRIVILEGIS OF THAIR MAISTERIS, AS GIF A CLERK HAD BROCHT WITH HIM TWA OR THRE OF MYCHTI BURGEIS SONIS UNDER HIM OUT OF INGLAND IN FRAUNCE, QUHETHIR GIF THAI AW LEFULLY TO BE PRISONARIS, OR THAI AW TO

BE FREE AS THAIR MAISTER. AND, BE THE FIRST VISAGE, IT SEMYS THAT THAI AW TO BE PRISOUNERIS. THE RESOUN IS, FOR SUPPOS THE PRIVELEGE SAY THAT CLERKIS STUDYAND SULD BE PREVILEGIT - IT SPEKIS NATHING OF THAIR SERVANDIS. BOT THIS RESOUN NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, TREWLY GUDE FAITH AND LAW WILL THAT THE MAISTER, HIS SERVANDIS, AND HIS GUDIS SULD GANG ALL A GATE, AND JOIS ALL A PRIVILEGE. FOR IT IS NOCHT SEMAND THAT THE MEMBRIS SULD NOCHT HAVE THE PRIVILEGE OF THE CORPS, SEN, BE LAW, ALL IS COMPTIT A THING, THE MAISTER AND HIS SERVANDIS. FOR BUT SERVANDIS MAY NANE SYK MEN BE. (MARG) (CAPITULUM LXXXVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR ZIT A QUESTIOUN LANGAND THE SAMYN MATER : QUHETHIR GIF A BURGES OF LONDON HAS A SONE AT THE SCOLE IN PARIS THAT IS BEFALLIN SEKE, AND THE CHILDE WRITIS TILL HIS FADER PRAYAND HIM TO CUM TILL HIM, AND VYSYTE HIM, FOR HE IS IN PERILE OF DEDE. THE BURGES, THE QUHILK IS SARE DISESIT OF HIS BARNE, TAKIS HEDE TO NA WERIS, NA HAS NA MYNDE THAT HIM SULDE MISTER NANE ASSEURAUNCE, AND CUMMYS TO PARIS TO SE AND VISYTE HIS SEKE SONE, AND THARE METIS HIM A MAN OF ARMES AND KNAWIS HIM, AND TAKIS HIM, AND GERRIS PUT HIM IN PRISOUN. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN QUHETHIR HE AW TO BE PRISONARE OR NOCHT. TO THE QUHILK IT IS SENE AS BE THE FIRST ADVIS THAT HE AW NOCHT TO BE PRIVILEGIT BE THE PRIVILEGE OF HIS SONE BE LYKELYNESS. FOR SUPPOS FOR GRETE VAILLIANTIS AND HONOURABLE DEDE OF ARMES A BONDE MAN WAR SA WORTHY FUNDYN THAT HE WAR MAID KNYCHT IN ARMES. THROU THE QUHILK ORDRE, SUPPOS NA MENCIOUN NA LANGAGE BE MAID IN THE TYME, HE IS ANOBLYT AND FRED OF BONDAGE, AND MAID GENTILL MAN FRA THYNE FURTH. BOT IT FOLOWIS NOCHT, FORTHY, THAT HIS SONIS AR ANOBLYT, NOUTHIR ANE NA ALL. AND, FORTHY, IN LYKE CAS IT IS NOCHT LYKE THAT FOR THE PRIVILEGE OF THE CLERK STUDYAND, THE FADER SULD JOYS THE PRIVILEGE. BOT HERE TILL ANSUERE TO THIS QUESTIOUN, I SAY TREULY THAT BE THE LAW WRITTIN, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT

THE MEN OF WERE WILL NOCHT BE CONTENT OF THIS ANSUERE, THAT THE FADER AW NOCHT TO BE PRISONARE. FOR QUHY, THE LAW OF NATURE MAY NOCHT BE BAKKIT AND PUT DOUNE BE NA STATUTE, NA CONSTITUCIOUN OF MANNIS LAW. FOR LAW OF NATURE IS THE FIRST AND PRINCIPALE, PERMAYNIS FOR EVER UNDEFOULIT, BUT MUTACIOUN, OR ONY CHANGEING, OR ONY GAYNSAYING. AND SEN IT IS SA THAT THE FADER IS BEHALDIN BE LAW OF NATURE TO VISYTE THE SONE IN HIS MALADY, AND TO HELP HIM, SUPPOWELL HIM AND NORIS HIM, AND DO HIM ALL HUMANITEE THAT MAY BE DONE, OR ELLIS HE SULD BE REPUTE UNKYNDE AND UNCHERITABLE, AND SULD FORFFET THE NAME OF FADER, AND BE THAT, THE RYCHT HE HAS TILL HIS SONE. AND THE RESOUN IS THIS, FOR THARE IS NANE SA GRETE LUFE IN THIS WARLD AS IS THE LUFE OF THE FADER TO THE SONE, BE LAWE OF NATURE. AND SEN THE FADER DOIS TO THE SONE IT THAT HE AW TO DO, BE THE WAY OF NATURE, QUHA SULD BE HE THAT SULD REPROVE HIM, NA ZIT BLAME HIM, OR SCATHE HIM THARFORE, NA DO HIM ONY INJURE? ALSSUA THARE SULD NA MAN DO TILL HIS NYCHTBOUR BOT THAT HE WALD WAR DONE TILL HIM. AND IT IS EITH TO WIT THAT NA MAN WALD BE CONTENT THAT ONY OTHIR LETTIT HIM TO VISYTE HIS CHILDE AND HE WAR SARE SEKE NA TO DO HIM INJURE NA VILANY BE THE WAY CUMMAND, AND ZIT MARE, BE THE WAY OF NATURE, A MAN IS HALDIN TO FEDE HIS BARNIS, AND GOVERNE AND NORIS, OR ELLIS HE IS TO BE CURSIT BE THE LAW CANOUN. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN, ZIT, I ANSUERE, THAT CERTAYNLY THE STUDY OF PARIS IS SA PRIVILEGIT THAT QUHASA EVER BRINGIS TO SCOLARIS STUDYAND OUTHIR CLETHING, OR BUKIS OR ELLIS GOLD OR SILVER, AND OTHIR LYFIS FUDE, HE AW TO FRELY CUM AND GANG, BUT VEXACIOUN, OR DISTRUBLAUNCE, OR ONY INJURE IN BODY OR IN GUDIS, FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT QUHEN A THING PRINCIPALE IS GRANTIT, ALL THE NEDEFULL PERTINENCE TILL IT IS GRAUNTIT, ( QUIA CONCESSO PRINCIPALI, CONCEDUNTUR ACCESSORIA ) THUS MAY WE SAY, THAT QUHEN PRIVILEGE IS GRAUNTIT TO THE MAISTER, ALL HIS NEDEFULL THINGIS AR PREVILEGIT BE THAT PRIVILEGE. AND THUS HALDIS OURE DOCTOURIS SA THAT THARE WAR NOUTHIR

FRAUDE, BARAT NA MALENGYNE IN THE MATER, THAT THARE WAR ONY FEYNIT THING TO SPY, OR OTHIR WAYIS TO YMAGYNE SUM DISSAIT OR TRYCHERY IN TYME OF THE WERIS. NOCHTTHAN, I TRAIST, THAT MEN OF ARMES WALD NOCHT BE CONTENT OF THIS. (MARG) (CAPITULUM LXXXVIII ) (END OF MARG) AND TREULY, I SAY, RYCHT SA GIF HIS AWIN BROTHIR COME TO VISYTE HIM, TO BRING HIM GOLD OR SILVER, CLETHING OR OTHIR THING, OR ONY OTHIR SERVAND OF HIS FADERIS SUPPLEIT THAIR FAULTE, ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A STUDYARE MAY BE TANE FOR MARK AND HALDYN PRYSONARE: AS GIF THE KING FOR RESONABLE CAUS HAD GRAUNTIT LETTRE OFF MARK TILL A MAN OF PARIS, AND THARE WAR GUDIS HALDIN WRANGWISLY FRA HIM BE A BURGES OF FLORENCE, AND SA BEFELL THAT THARE WAR A SCOLAR IN PARIS AT THE STUDY OF FLORENCE, QUHETHIR GIF HE MYCHT LEFULLY BE ARRESTIT AND HALDYN PRISONARE FOR MARK OF THAT CAUS. TO THE QUHILK, TREULY, I ANSUERE SCHORTLY AS BEFORE WAS ANSUERD ANENT THE FADER AND THE SONE, AND BROTHIR, AND SERVANDIS, THAT NOUTHIR AW THAI TO THOLE HIM BE ARRESTIT, NA PRISOUNYT NA NANE OTHIR THAT, BE CAUS OF HIS NECESSITEIS BRINGAND, CUMMIS TILL HIM AS BEFORE SAID IS SA THAT THARE BE NA TROMPERY. AND THE RESOUNIS FOR MARK SULD HAVE ALL SYK PRIVILEGE AS JUGIT OPYN WERE SULDE HAVE. BOT I HAVE SUFFICIANDLY SPOKYN OF THAT OF BEFORE, HOW SUPPOS THARE COME TILL A KNYCHT HIS BRETHIR, OR SERVANDIS OR COUSING GERMANIS, NA OTHERIS FOR MARK SULD NOCHT BE TANE, NA ARESTIT NANE SULD THE CLERKIS OF THE STUDY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM XXXX ) (END OF MARG) ZIT HERE MARE FURTHERLY SPEKIS THE DOCTOUR OF PRISOUNYNG: QUHETHIR GIF A WITLES MAN, THAT IS TO SAY WOOD, OUT OF HIS WIT, MAY BE TANE AND HALDYN PRISONERE, AND RANSOUNYT IN WERIS. AS GIF A DUK OF INGLAND CUMMYS WITH A GRETE MULTITUDE OF PEPLE IN ARMES TO MAK WERE APON THE KING OF FRAUNCE FOR THE DUCHERYE OF GYENNE, THE QUHILK DUK, BEAND IN THE

SAID DUCHERYE WITH HIS MEN, TAKIS A WOODNES AND A RAMYSDNESS IN HIS HEDE, SA THAT, UNWITTAND HIS OST, HE PASSIS FRA HIS COMPANY IN THE WODDIS, AND WYNIS AND WILDERNES HIM ALLANE BUT COMPANY, AND SA IS RECOUNTERIT BE A KNYCHT OF FRAUNCE, QUHILK KNAWIS HIM WELE, AND TAKIS HIM AND LEDIS HIM TILL HIS CASTELL, SAYAND, BUT DREDE HE SALL PAY HIM ANE HUNDRETH THOUSAND FRANKIS OR HE SCAPE OUT OF HIS HANDIS. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN QUHETHIR HE AW TO BE PRISONARE AND PAY RANSOUN, OR NOCHT. TO THE QUHILK IT SEMYS THAT IT WAR NA QUESTIOUN, FOR QUHY, QUHEN HE COME OF HIS CONTREE OF INGLAND, HE COME AS INYMY TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND TO MAK HIM WERE, AND ZIT HIS MEN AR CONTYNUAND TO MAK WERE ON THE KING AND HIS LANDIS, QUHARFORE RESOUN AND LAW OF ARMES WALD THAT HE WAR PRISONERE, NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND THAT HE BE WANERIT IN HIS WIT, FOR THE LAW SAIS, FRA TYME A MAN BE RESSAVIT IN SERVICE HE IS PRESUMYT AY TO BE SERVAND QUHILL HE BE RELESCHIT OF HIS SERVICE. THUS, SEN HE WAS INYMY IN HIS HELE AND HIS LEGE POUSTEE, AND WALD RYCHT SA BE AND HE WAR HALE, QUHY SULD HE NOCHT BE SA HALDIN IN HIS WOODNES INYMY? BOT ZIT, NOCHTGAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR RESOUNS, ME THINK ALL THE CONTRAIR IS SUTHE. FOR MEN FYNDIS IN THE LAW THAT A MAN WANERIT OUT OF HIS WIT, SUPPOS HE HAD BENE A FA BEFORE, NOCHT THAN, FOR THE TYME THAT HE IS OUT OF HIS WIT, HE SULD NOCHT BE HALDIN AS INYMY. FOR QUHY, HE WALD BE ALS EVILL AS HE IS BATHE TILL FADER, BROTHER, EME, OR COUSING GERMANE AS HE IS TILL HIS FAIS, AND ALSSUA TILL HIMSELF. FOR OFT TYME A WOODMAN SLAIS HIMSELF, AND RYVIS HIS CLATHIS, AND HIS AWIN HARE, AND HIS AWIN PROPRE FLESCHE, FOR HE HAS NA KNAULAGE OF WIT NA RESOUN MARE THAN A BESTE. AND THAREFORE SAIS THE LAW, THAT SIK MEN MAY NOCHT DO WRANG IN NA WIS, NA INJURE TO NA MAN. FOR INJURE MAY NOCHT BE DONE BOT OF FREE WILL, BE KNAULAGE AND LIBERE ARBITRAGE. BOT ALL THAT A WOODMAN DOIS HE DOIS THROU WOODNES AND RAGE, AND THROU MOVING OF ANE EVILL SPIRIT OF FUROUR, QUHILKIS EXCUSIS HIM. FOR SUPPOS HE SLEW IN THAT RAGE A THOUSAND MEN, HE SULD NOCHT BE PUNYST BE JUSTICE. AND THARFOR, IN THAT RAGE, HE SULDE NOCHT BE REPUTE INYMY TO NA MAN OF THE WARLD, NA ZIT PRISONARE. ALSSUA, AND I HAD HECHT A MAN A NOBLE SUERD, BEAND IN HIS HELE, SULD I, AND HE WAR WOOD, DELYVER HIM MY SUERD, OR ELLIS I WAR OF MYN ATHE MANESUORNE? CERTAYNLY, I SAY, NAY, AND I SALL PROVE THAT BE THE LAWIS. ALSSUA, A MAN THAT WATE NOCHT QUHAT IS FAITH, QUHAT NANE, HOW SULD MEN ASK FAITH OF HIM OR ONY RESOUN? FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT QUHATEVER SIK MEN DOIS, IT IS COMPERIT TO THE DEDE OF A BESTE. OR, AS A SCLATE FELL OF A HOUS AND SLEWE A MAN, QUHAT PUNYCIOUN SULD MEN ORDANE TO DO FOR THAT SCLATE? AND ALSSUA, LAT MEN BEHALD QUHAT NOBLESS OR WERE IT WAR TO TAK A WOODMAN OR QUHAT GENTRIS IT WAR TO PUT HIM IN PRISOUN. A SEKE MAN THAT MAY NOCHT OUR HIMSELF IN SYK A RAGE AND MALADY. BOT ERAR SULD ALL NOBLESS HELP TO CHERIS THAME, AND CONFOURT THAME, AND HELP TO HELE THAME, AND SOCOUR THAIR LYF AND HELE. AND THAIRFORE, IN SIK MANER AS I HAVE ARGEWIT, I CONCLUDE THAT HE AW NOCHT, NA MAY NOCHT BE NA LAW BE PRISOUNARE NA PAY NA FYNAUNCE, BOT THE KING SULD GER DELYVER HIM TILL HIS FRENDIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR: GIF THAT A MAN OF WERE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXI ) (END OF MARG) HAD PUT A WOODMAN IN PRISOUN, AND HE WORTHE HALE, QUHETHIR EFTER HIS RECOVERING OF HELE, HE MYCHT BE MAID PRISOUNER NEWLY BE HIM THAT HAD HALDIN HIM IN PRISOUN, AND GER HIM PAY RANSOUNE LEFFULLY. AND AS TO THAT IT SEMYS THAT ZHA, IT MAY BE LEFFULLY DONE. FOR QUHY, THE LAW SAIS THAT SIK MEN MAY NOCHT MAK TESTAMENT, NA MARIAGE, NA MARE NA A MAN OF RELIGIOUN. FOR THAT REQUERIS OBLIGACIOUN AND TREW CONSENT, WITH WIT SEKER AND WELE SETT, NA ZIT HE MAY NOUTHIR TAK NA GEVE BAPTESIME. FOR HE HAS NA SEKER WILL, WITHOUTYN THE QUHILK, SIK THING MAY NOCHT BE GEVIN, SEN THAI AR OF PERFYTE ELDE AND OF DISCRECIOUN. BOT SET WE THE CAS THAT THE SEKENES LEVE HIM, MAY HE NOCHT THAN DO ALL THAT IS BEFORESAID? CERTAYNLY, ZA. BE THE LAW WRITTIN THAN, BE THE SAMYN RESOUN, HE MAY GEVE HIS FAITH AS PRISONERE. LAT US THAN SE QUHAT RESOUN WALD IN THIS MATER. AND FIRST WE MON CONSIDER A REUGLE IN THE LAW WRITTIN, QUHILK SAIS THAT A THING THAT IS NOCHT OF VALEW BE THE LAW AS GROUND OF RYCHT IN THE BEGYNNYNG, THE SUCCESSIOUN OF TYME MAY NEVER MAK IT RYCHT, SEN IT HAD NA RYCHTWIS FOUNDEMENT IN THE FIRST BEGYNNYNG. BOT SEN I HAVE BEFORE PROVIT THAT THE FIRST FOUNDEMENT OF THE RYCHT THAT HE CLAMYS TILL WAS NOCHT GUDE, HOW SULD THE SUCCESSIOUN BE GUDE? FOR POSSESSIOUN OF EVILL FAITH MAY NEVER CUM TO GUDE FAITH THROU PROCESS OF TYME. ALSSUA, ALL NOBLE MEN AR BEHALDIN TO DO NOBLESS TILL A NOBLE LORDE, AND THAN QUHAT NOBLESS WAR IT TO TAK HIM PRISOUNARE EFTER HIS GREF AND MALADY, SEN GOD HAD SEND HIM HELE, CONSIDERAND THAT HE WAS IN SIK PITOUS PROVERTE OF HIS PERSONE AND WIT? QUHAT NOBLESS WAR IT THAN OF A WOODMAN HELIT TO MAK A PRISONARE? ALSSUA, ALL SEKE MAN IS GODDIS PRISOUNARE, AND SEN GOD HAS LATTYN HIM TO BORGH, GEVAND HIM HIS HELE, IT WAR EVILL SITTAND THAT MAN SULD EFTER MAK PRISONER OF HIM UNDER THE SAUF CONDYT OF HIS LORD AND OURIS BATHE. WE THINK THAT WAR ALL AGAYN THE NATURE OF NOBLESS AND NATURE. AND TREULY WALD MEN OCCUPY THAME TO DISPUTE THIS MATER TO THE UTTEREST, BE ALL RESOUNS THAT MEN MAY FYND, BATHE BE LAW WRITTIN AND LAW OF NATURE, THAI SULD HAVE MEKIL ADO. AND THARFORE I WILL MAK SCHORT MY PART THAROF, FOR TREULY, AS BE OWRE MAIST NOTABLE DOCTOURIS, THAT QUHEN HE WAR CUMMYN AGAYN TILL HIS WITT AND GUDE KNAULAGE, AND HE WALD PERSEVERE IN HIS EVILL WILL TO THE WERIS MAKING, AS BEFORE, TILL ESCHEW EVILL, I SAY HE SULD BE HALDYN

PRISOUNARE. BOT, AND HE WALD HECHT TO PAS IN HIS CONTREE, AND LEVE THE WERIS, AND MAK NO MARE WERE TO THE KING, NA HIS CONTREE, I WALD SAY HE AW NOCHT TO BE HALDIN PRISONARE, BOT GIF HE WAR CONSTREYNYT BE HIS SOVERANE LORD TO CUM IN WERIS ANE OTHIR TYME. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF QUHETHIR ANE ALDE MAN (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXII ) (END OF MARG) PASSIT AGE OF LAWE AW TO BE TANE PRISOUNARE, AND TO BE CONSTREYNIT TO PAY FYNAUNCE: AS THUS, GIF A FRANCHE KNYCHT, IN THE TYME THAT BORDEAUX WAS INGLIS, HAD RUNNYN BEFORE BORDEAULX TO SCOURE THE CONTREE AND TAK PRISOUNERIS, AND HAPNIT TO METE WITHOUT THE TOUNE, CUMMAND FRA A CHAPELL QUHARE HE HAD HERD MESSE, NEREBY A MYLE WITHOUT, NEREBY THE TOUNE, A SELY ALDE BURGES MAN OF THE AGE OF ANE HUNDRETH ZERIS, QUHILK WAR MICHTY AND RICHE, WITH A LYTILL STAFF IN HIS HAND, AND SPERIT AT HIM, GUDE MAN, QUHYNE AR ZE? AND HE ANSUERDE, NOCHT MYSTRAISTAND HIM, SCHIR, CERTAYNLY, I AM OF THE TOUNE OF BORDEAUX. THE KNYCHT SAIS, THAN ARE ZE, GUDE SCHIR, MY PRISONERE. FOR ZE AR ALL AT THE INGLIS FAYE, AND I AM A FRANCHEMAN. AND THUS, SEN ZE AR AT OPYN WERE AGANIS OURE KING ZE AR LAWFULL PRISONER. THE GUDE ALDE MAN SAIS CERTAYN, SCHIR, I AM A MAN QUHILK MAID NEVER WERE, NA MELLIS ME NOCHT THAREWITH, QUHARFORE I ASK ZOW MERCI FOR GODDIS SAKE, AND LEDIS ME BEFORE THE KING, AND DO ME NA WRANG, BOT DO ME RICHT LAWE, AND GIF I AW TO BE PRISOUNARE THAT I BE PRISOUNARE, AND GIF I AW NOCHT TO BE IT, THAT ZE WALD HALD ME FREE MAN. THE GENTILL KNYCHT, QUHILK HERD THE GUDE AULDE BURGES SPEKE SA RESONABLY, GRANTIT HIM HIS ASKING. AND THUS AR THAI CUMMYN BEFORE THE KING, QUHARE THE KNYCHT PROPONIS HIS PROPOSICIOUN, SAYAND THAT IT IS NOCHT UNKEND HOW THE TOUNE OF BORDEAUX HAS BENE OF LANG TYME OCCUPYIT BE HIS INYMYES. AND THAT HE MAID HIS COURS BEFORE THE TOUNE AS OTHIR TYMES HE HAD DONE TO GET HIS AVANTAGE, AND THARE HE MET SIK A NOTABLE BURGES, THE QUHILK IS MYCHTI TO PAY ( X ) OR ( XIJ ) THOUSAND FRANKIS, AND TUKE HIM AND ARRESTIT HIM PRISONER, THE QUHILK HE ASKIS TO BE ADJUGIT TILL HIM AS HIS PRISOUNAR, AND TO DEMAYNE AS PRISOUNER AW TO BE DEMAYNIT. THAN ANSUERIS THE RYCHE BURGES, SCHIR, CERTAYNLY I KNAWE WELE THAT THE WERE IS BETUIX THE KINGIS, QUHILK HAS LESTIT OUR LANG, AND, GOD WALD, AND WAS BEGONNYN OR I WAS A BARNE AND ZIT IS NOCHT ALL ENDIT. BOT TO SAY THAT I EVER IN MY LYF BARE ARMOURIS NA SUERD NA KNYF BOT IT WAR TO KERNE MY METE WITHE, NA THAT EVER HARNEIS COME APON MY BODY. AND GIF ZE TRAIST ME NOCHT, MAKIS INFORMACIOUN, AND ZE SALL FYND THAT I WAS NEVER BOT I HAVE AY COUNSAILE AND CONFOURT TO THE KING OF INGLAND TO HERE TRETY, AND MAK PES AND CONCORD WITH THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND WAS NEVER BLITHE OF THE WERIS, BOT AY SOROUFULL AND DISPLESIT THAT THE WERIS LESTIT SA LANG. ALSSUA, SCHIR, BE THE LAWIS OF ARMES, ANE ANCIEN MAN AS I AM AW NOCHT TO BE COMPELLIT TO PAS IN WERIS, NA AW NOCHT TO BE TANE PRISOUNARE. FOR I AM PASSIT DATE OF RESONABLE AGE. ALSSUA, ZE SULD NOCHT MAK WERE AGANIS MEN THAT MAKIS NANE TO ZOW, NA THAT GEVIS NOUTHIR COUNSALE CONFOURT NA HELP AGANIS ZOW, ON THAIR FREE WILL. BOT, SUPPOS ON FORCE MEN BE CONSTREYNIT AGAYNE THAIR WILL TO MAK WERE, THAT MAKIS NOCHT BOT THAI SULD BE EXCUSIT, AND GIF ZE FYNDE THAT EVER I HELPIT THE KING OF INGLAND BE MY PERSONE NA OF MY GUDIS, BOT AGANIS MY WILL, I AM CONTENT TO REMAYNE PRISONARE. AND THARFOR, TO THE ANSUERE OF THIS QUESTIOUN, I SAY, THAT A MAN PASSIT DATE OF AGE AW NOCHT TO BE TANE PRISONER IN WERIS, BOT GIF HE HAD BENE IN HIS TYME A COUNSAILOUR AND HELPAR AGAYNIS THE PARTY ADVERS. BOT AND HE HAD BENE OUTHIR IN COUNSELE CONFOURT OR HELP, I SAY HE MYCHT BE HALDIN PRISONER, FOR QUHILUM ANE ALDE MAN IN HIS COUNSALE IS WORTH ANE HUNDRETH IN DEDE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A BARNE MAY BE TANE (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXIII ) (END OF MARG) PRISOUNARE AND PAY FYNAUNCE, AS GIF ANE INGLIS BARNE WAR TAKYN PRISONARE BE A FRANCHE MAN DURAND THE WERIS, QUHETHIR GIF HE AW TO HALDE HIM, AND GER HIM PAY RANSOUN LEFULLY, OR HE SULD ZELDE HIM AGAYN, AND DELYVER HIM AT REQUEST OF FRENDIS. AND FIRST IT SEMYS THAT HE AW TO PAY FYNAUNCE. FOR SEN WERE IS OPNYT BETUENE REALMES, ALL MEN OF WERE AR FREE TO DO THAIR SPEDE APON THE KINGIS INYMYES, BUT EXCEPCIOUN OF LYTILL OR MEKLE INYMY. FOR HE THAT HAS POWARE APON THE MAIST HAS POWER APON THE LESTE. THAN SEN HE HAS POWER TO TAK THE GRETTEST PRISOUNARIS, THAN SULD THAI HAVE POWER APON THE SMALLEST, SEN ALL AR INYMYES. AND BE THE LAW OF ARMES HE MAY TAK, AND HALD PRISOUNERE, AND GER PAY FYNAUNCE THE FADER OF THE BARNE, TAK BE THE LYKE CAS, THAN SULD HE BE LAWE TAK THE SONE. ITEM, MARE STARK RESOUN ZIT. THE MAN OF ARMYS THAT MAY TAK AND INPRISOUN THE MASTER MAN, HE MAY TAK LEFULLY BE THE LAW HIS GUDIS, AND THE LAW SAIS THAT THE BARNIS AR CONTENYT WITHIN THE GUDIS OF THE FADER. AND THUS MAY HE TAK ALSWELE THE SONE AS THE FADER, FOR THE FADER HAS THE SONE IN HIS POWAR, AND MAY SELL HIM OR WEDSETT HIM AT HIS LYKING QUHEN HIM NEDIS. AND THUS MAY HE BE PRISOUNARE. APON THE TOTHIR PART, IT IS ALLEGIT BE LAW OF NATURE, AND ALL OTHIR LAWIS AND JUSTICE ACCORDIS IN THAT, THAT INNOCENCE SULD NOCHT SAKELES BE GREVIT. BOT SUTHE THING IS THAT THIS BARNE IS ALL INNOCENT OF THIS WERIS, FOR NOUTHIR GEVIS HE COUNSALE, CONFOURT, NA HELP TILL HIS FADER, NA OTHIR OF THE PARTY TO MANETENE NA FURTHIR THE WERIS, QUHAREFORE HE AW NOCHT TO BE GREVIT BUT CAUS, AND THUS AW HE NOCHT TO BE PRISONARE. AND ZIT MARE, WE HAVE SAID BEFORE THAT QUHEN A MAN HELPIS TO MANETENE HIS LORDIS WERIS, OUTHIR WITH HIS PERSONE, OR HIS GUDIS, OR HIS COUNSALE, IT WAR GRETE RESOUN THAT HE HAD PUNYCIOUN AND HE WAR TANE. BOT SEN THIS INNOCENT NOUTHIR HELPIS NA FORTHERIS WITH HIS PERSONE,

NA HIS GUDIS, NA HIS COUNSALE, HE AW NOCHT TO BERE PUNYCIOUN. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT NOCHT HAS NOCHT PAYIS. AND AS TO THIS DEBATE, I SAY, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT NEW MEN OF WERE MAKIS NEW LAWIS AGAYNIS THE ANCIENE NOBLE CUSTUMES OF CONTREIS AND PRINCIS THAT MAIST WORTHY WAR IN THAIR TYMES, I SAY THAT IT IS NOUTHIR HONOUR NA HONEST, GUDELY NA GODLYKE, BOT AGAINIS ALL GUDE FAITH AND GUDE CUSTUM TO TAK PRISOUNARIS OUTHIR ANCIENE MEN, OR INNOCENT BARNIS, OR WOMEN, OR TO GER THAME PAY RANSOUN. FOR SEN THARE IS NA VAILLIAUNCE NA WORSCHIP THARIN, TREULY IT SITTIS NOCHT TO NOBLE MEN OF ARMES FOR TO MELL THAME THARWITH. BOT MARE HONOUR WAR TO KEPE THAME FRA HARMES. AND TREWLY QUHA EVER DOIS THE CONTRAIRE SULD BE ERAR CALLIT CRUELL AND PILLARDE, NA WORTHY MEN OF ARMES. AND ALSSUA I TRAIST THAT QUHAT EVER HE BE THAT USIS SIK THING, SALL NOCHT BE FORTUNYT, NA HAPPY TO HONOUR NA RICHESS IN WERIS. BOT THE KING SULD BE THAIR BELDE, AND THAIR PROTECTOUR. AND THAN SALL HIS HONOUR AND LOS GROW, AND GOD SALL HELP HIM TO HAVE VICTORYE OF HIS INYMYES THROU PRAYER OF THAI INNOCENTIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR GIF A BLYND MAN (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXIIII ) (END OF MARG) IN WERE TYME MYCHT LEFFULLY BE TANE AND HALDIN PRISONARE, AND PAY FYNAUNCE, AS GIF ANE UNWORTHY LYMMARE, THAT SETTIS NOCHT FOR HONOUR BOT FOR PILLERY, HAD TANE A BLYND MAN, AND PUT HIM IN PRISOUNE, AND HIS FRENDIS PLEYNIS TO THE KING, AND ASKIS LAWE. AND AS TO THIS MATER I ANSUERE THAT, GIF A BLYND MAN MAKIS HIM TO BE A HELPARE OR FURTHERAR, OUTHIR WITH CONFOURT, COUNSALE, OR WITH HIS GUDIS, OR A SPY, OR OTHIR WAY INGERIS HIM TO GREVE THE PARTY ADVERS, AT HIS POWER, I SAY HE SULDE HAVE WER NA ANE OTHIR THAT MYCHT SE, BATHE IN BODY AND IN GUDIS, AND IT HAPNYT HIM TO BE TAKIN PRISONARE. OFF THE QUHILK GEVIS US ANE ENSAMPLE OURE LORDE, IN HALY WRITT, FOR EFTER THAT CAYM HAD SLAYN HIS BROTHIR ABEL THE RYCHTWIS, THARE WAS A BLYND MAN CALLIT LAMETH, THE QUHILK WAS CUSTUMYT TO PAS TO THE WOD, WITH BOW AND AROWIS, AND HID HIM IN A BUSK. AND QUHEN HE HERD ONY WILDE BESTE STALKAND BESYDE HIM, BE AVYS OF HIS FELE, HE WALD SCHUTE, AND OFT SLEWE VENYSOUN AND BROCHT HAME. AND SA APON A DAY HE SITTAND IN A BUSK HYD, BYDAND THE VENYSOUN COME STALKAND BY HIM STILLELY, BUT WORDIS CAYM. AND THEN LAMETH, WERAND IT WAR A WILDE BESTE, SCHOT AT HIM AND SLEWE HIM. THAN SAIS OURE LORDE IN HALY WRITT, THAT THE SYN OF THE SLAUCHTER OF ABEL THAT CAYM MAID SALBE PUNYST, BOT THE SYN OF THE SLAUCHTER OF CAYM THAT LAMETH MAID SALBE PUNYST ( LXXVIJ ) TYMES. AND THE CAUS IS, FOR HE SETT HIM TO DO A THING THAT COME NOCHT TILL HIS NATURE, NA EFFERIT HIM NOCHT TO DO BE HIS CONDICIOUN. BOT TREULY AND A BLYND MAN HAD BENE TANE PRISONER, SUPPOS HE HAD GUDE YNEUCH, AND HE HAD NOUTHIR GEVIN HELP, CONFOURT, NA COUNSALE IN THE WERIS, HE AW NOCHT TO BE HALDIN PRISOUNARE. BOT NEVERTHELES, AND HE HAD MEKLE GUDE, AND GAVE TAILLIES AND TRIBUTIS TO MANETENE THE INGLIS WERIS, SUPPOS A FRANCHE MAN TUKE HIS GUDIS, BOT GIF GRACE WAR DONE HIM OF SUM PART, HE MYCHT NOCHT BE LAW OF ARMES BE COMPELLIT TO GEVE AGAYNE THAI GUDIS. AND ALSSUA, GIF THARE WAR A MAN BECUMYN BLYND, QUHILK OTHIR TYMES HAD BENE A MAN OF WERE, AND HAD GEVIN HELP, CONFOURT, AND COUNSALE BATHE WITH BODY, COUNSALE, AND GUDIS, AND SIK A MAN WAR TANE PRISONARE, ME THINK TREULY THAT HE MYCHT WELE BE HALDYN PRISOUNER, AND PAY RANSOUN. ITEM, IT THAT I SAY AS BELANGAND THE BLYND MAN I SAY IN LYKE FASSOUN OF A DEF MAN OR A DUM MAN. FOR SYK MEN AR NOCHT HALDYN AS WARLDIS MEN, NA MEN OF WERE. BOT THAI AR CALLIT IN THE LAW MISERABLE PERSONIS, THAT IS TO SAY PERSONIS THAT MERCI IS AUCHT TO MERCIABLE PERSONIS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR GIF AMBASSADOURIS (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXV) (END OF MARG) COME IN FRAUNCE TO THE KING, AND BROCHT WITH THAME

THE KINGIS INYMYES, GIF THAI MAY LEFFULLY LEDE THAME WITH THAME THROU HIS REALM, OR NOCHT. AS THUS, THE KING OF SCOTLAND SENDIS AMBASSADOURIS TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE, THE QUHILKIS ARRYVIS AT CALES, AND HYRIS WITH THAME HORS AND CARTIS, AND CHARIOTIS TO LEDE THAIR GERE WITH TO PARIS, TO THE KING, AND THUS BE THE WAY THARE METIS THAME A FRANCHE CAPITANE, QUHILK KENNIS THAME WELE, AND TAKIS ALL THE SAID GUDIS WITH THE LEDARIS THAT AR WITH THAME OF CALES AND HALDIS THE GUDIS AS A CHET, AND THE PERSONIS PRISOUNERIS. THE AMBASSADOURIS PASS TO PARIS, AND COMPLENZEIS TO THE KING, THE SOULDYOURIS AR CALLIT, AND THAIR CAPITANE, BEFORE THE KING TO THAIR ANSUERE: SAYAND THAT THAI AR THE KINGIS INYMYES, AND THAT THAI TRAISTIT WELE DO NA NOCHT DISTROUBLIT THE KINGIS AMBASSADOURIS. AND BE CAUS THIS MATER IS SUM PART DIFFICILE, I WILL ANSUERE SCHORTLY, BUT LANGER PROCESS. I SAY THAT AMBASSADOURIS OF STRANGE PRINCIS SULD NOCHT BE STROUBLIT WITHIN A KINGIS REALME, BOT AR ASSEURIT, AND ALL THAIR GUDIS, AND THAIR COMPANY, NA DO THAME NANE INJURE. AND MARE, SUPPOS THAI WAR OBLIST TILL ONY MERCHAND OF PARIS IN ( XXQTQIQ ) THOUSAND LIB, HE MAY NOCHT AS THAT TYME, BE THE LAWIS WRITTYN, MAK THAME NA QUESTIOUN NA DEMAUND, SA MEKLE AR THAI PRIVILEGIT BE THE LAWIS. NOR NA JUSTICE MAY COMPELL THAME, SEN THAY AR LEGATIS OF PRINCIS, AND CUMMYN IN THE KINGIS REALME. NA THARE AW NA JUGE TO GER SUMMOUND THAME IN JUGEMENT, NA VEX THAME IN NA MANER OF WYS, BOT GIF THAI HAD DONE ONY MYSDEDE IN THE WAY, EFTER THAI BE CUMMYN IN THE REALME. AND THARFORE TREULY IN THE FORESAID CAS THE SOULDIOURIS SULD HAVE RYCHT NOCHT, BOT ZELDE AGAYN ALL HALELY THAT THAI HAD TANE. FOR SIK LORDIS AND AMBASSADOURIS PERAVENTURE HAD NECESSITEE OF HORS AND MULIS, CHARIS AND CHARIOTIS FOR TO BRING AND CARY THAIR HONOURABLE THINGIS THAT WAR NEDEFULL TO THAME, AND PERAVENTURE SUM GIFTIS OR PRESENTIS TO THE KINGIS MAJESTEE. QUHARFORE, BE RESOUN THAI SULD BE FREE AND UNHARMYT. AND MARE, SUPPOS

THAT MARK HAD BENE GRAUNTIT BE THE KING, FOR ONY CAUS RESOUNABLE, AGANIS THAT REALME QUHARE THAI LEGATIS DUELLIS, DURAND THE TYME OF THAIR LEGACY, THAI SALL NOCHT BE CLAYMYT, NA CHALANGIT, NA HARMYT IN NA MANER, NOUTHIR BE LAW CIVILE NA CANOUN, NA LAW OF ARMES NA CUSTUM. BOT AND THAI HAD MAID ONY FAULT THAME SELF IN THE WAY, THAY MAY BE OF THAT THING PUNYS AND CHALANGIT BE LAW IN JUGEMENT. BOT, ZIT, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR RESOUNS, GENTRIS NA GUDE FAITH WALD NOCHT THAT ONY AMBASSADOURIS WAR SA UNVERTY, NA SA FOLILY AVISIT, TO BRING A KINGIS INYMYES IN HIS REALME AND LEDE THAME THROU HIS LAND TO SE HIS SECRETIS, (ETC), FOR TREULY IT IS GRETE EXCESS AND GRETE MISGOVERNAUNCE (ETC). HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A BISCHOP OF INGLAND (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXVI ) (END OF MARG) MYCHT BE IMPRISOUNYT BE A FRANCHE MAN OF ARMES, AS GIF, FOR OCCASIOUN OF THIS WERIS, A BISCHOP, OR ABBOT, OR MONK, OR PRESTE MYCHT BE ENPRISOUNYT BE THE LAW OF ARMES. AND SCHORTLY I SAY NAY, FOR THE WERE IS JUGIT AND ORDANYT BETUIX THE TWA KINGIS, AND THAME THAT GEVIS THAME SOCOURIS, HELP, CONFOURT, AND COUNSAILE, THAT AR HIS SUBJECTIS, ANDE FAVOURIS HIS QUERELIS, AND MANETENYS THE WERIS, BOT SUTHE THING IS THAT THE BISCHOPPIS AND MEN OF KIRK AR NOCHT SUBJECTIS TO NA TEMPORALE PRINCIS NA KINGIS SECULERIS. QUHY THAN AND QUHAREFORE SULD CLERKIS, OR MEN OF KIRK BE INPRISOUNDE, NA PAY RANSOUN, SEN THAI DO NOCHT OF THIR FORESAID THINGIS? ITEM, WE SAY THAT THE STATE AND OFFICE OF MEN OF KIRK IS DEPARTIT AND DISSEVERIT FRA THE TEMPORALE, AND FRA ALL WERIS, FOR THE SERVICE OF GOD, TO THE QUHILK THAI ARE DOWIT, MAKIS THAME UNHABLE TO THE WERIS OR TO BERE ARMES. FOR, AS SAIS THE LAWIS, CLERKIS SULD BE CURSIT THAT BERIS ARMOURIS, AND ALL OTHIR HARNES OF TEMPORALE BATAILLIS, OR OF WERIS, AND ALSSUA IT WAR GRETE VILANY TO THE SERVANDIS OF GOD TO BE MAID PRISOUNARIS TO TEMPORALE MEN, SEN THAI DO GODDIS SERVICE, AND TECHIS THE HALY FAITH TO CRISTIN MEN, AND ASSOILZEIS

THAME OF THAIR SYNNIS, AND GEVIS THAME THE HALY SACRAMENTIS OF MANNIS SALVACIOUN, THE QUHILKIS SULD HAVE NANE OTHIR ARMOURIS TO DEFEND THAIM WITH, BOT GUDE LYF AND VERTUOUS GOVERNANCE, QUHILKIS AR CALLIT THE ARMOURIS OF JUSTICE, WITH PRAYERIS IN TERIS, AND IN GRETING FOR THE SYNNIS OF THE WARLD. AND, AS SAIS THE DECREIS, MEN SULD ASK AT THAME BOT ANERLY PRAYERIS, TECHING OF THE FAITH, AND MINISTRACIOUN OF SACRAMENTIS. AND GIF ONY WALD SAY AGANIS THIS THAT SIK MEN OF KIRK GEVIS TRIBUTIS AND TAILLIES OF THAIR GUDIS TO THE KING OF INGLAND, TO MANETENE THE WERIS, I ANSUERE HIM THAT TREULY THAT IS SARE AGAYN THAIR WILL. FOR BE ALL LAWIS WRITTIN, KIRK MEN AW NOCHT TO PAY TAILZEIS NA TRIBUTIS TO THE WERIS, BOT ON FORS THAI WILL COMPELL THAME TO PAY, QUHETHIR IT BE LAW OR NANE, AND TAKIS IT BE WAY OF DEDE, OF THE QUHILK THAI HAVE NA WIT. BOT AND A PRESTE AND A CLERK PASS IN THE WERIS WITH HIS MAISTER, AND HE BE TANE, SUPPOS THEY GER HIS MAISTER PAY FOR HIM, THARE IS NA GRETE CHARGE, SEN HE MELLIS HIM THARWITH. AND RYCHT SA SAY WE, GIF THARE WAR ANE UNCHERITABLE PRELATE, QUHILK WAR IN ARTARE, AND A COUNSAILOUR TO MAK WERE, SUPPOS HE PAY FYNAUNCE, IT WAR NA WRANG. FOR IT IS NANE OFFICE OF PRELATE TO COUNSALE WERE, BOT ERAR TO TRETE PES, QUHARFORE TO TAK FYNAUNCE OF HIM. BOT NOCHT TO PUNYS HIM OTHIR WAY, THAI HAVE NA POWAR, NOR NANE ERDLY TEMPORALE PRINCE. BOT AND THE KING HAD GERT TAK ONLY SIK PRELATE WERRYOURE, AND HE GERT SEND HIM TO THE PAPE TO PUNYS, HE DID HIS DETT. BOT TO PYTT THE MEN OF KIRK, NA PRISOUN THAME, NA OTHIR WAYIS TO PUNYS THAIR PERSOUNS WAR BOT CRUELTEE, AND NA WERE RESOUNABLE. AND AS TO THE INGLIS MEN THAT AR IN BORDEAUX, AND IN PLACIS OF GUYANE, THAI AR GENTILL AND COURTAS TO MEN OF KIRK, AND DOIS NANE INJURIS TO THAIR PERSOUNS. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF ONY KIRK MAN MAY LEFULLY (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXVI ) (END OF MARG) BE TANE PRISONER FOR MARK. AS GIF A CLERK WAR OBLIST TILL

A KNYCHT OF FRAUNCE IN CERTANE SOUMES OF MONEYE, AND HE WALD NOCHT PAY, BOT GEVE HIM DELAYIS AND OURSETTIS. AND HE, THAT KNYCHT, ASKIT AT THE KING LETTRE OF MARK, THE KING SENDIS TILL HIS BISCHOP, AND ASKIS LAW AND RESOUN OF HIS CLERK, THE BISCHOP FAVOURIS THE CLERK AND CONSENTIS TO THE TRYCHERY: QUHETHIR IN THIS CAS THE KING AW TO GEVE HIM LETTRE OF MARK BE LAW OR JUSTICE. TO THE QUHILK I ANSUERE, AS OTHIR TYMES I HAVE SAID, TOUCHAND MARK, SUPPOS IT WAS TILL OTHIR PURPOS, THAT THARE SULD NA LETTRE OF MARK BE GEVIN BE NA PRINCE AGAINS MEN OF KIRK, FOR HE IS NA JUGE TO THAME. BOT GIF SIK A CAS HAPNYT, THE PARTY SULD SEND TO THE PAPE, AND ASK HIM REMEDE OF LAWE, FOR HE IS HIS JUGE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF PILGRYMYS MAY BE TANE, (MARG) ( CAPITULUM LXXXXVIII ) (END OF MARG) AND HALDYN PRISOUNERIS BE ONY WERE. AND AS TO THAT POYNT, I ANSUERE SCHORTLY, THAT ALL PILGRYMES TO QUHAT VOYAGE THAT EVER THAI PAS IN THE SERVICE OF GOD AND HIS SANCTIS, THAY AR ALL IN THE PROTECTIOUN AND SALVEGARDE OF THE PAPE, AND MAY BATHE TRAVAILL IN WERE AND PES, AMANG FRENDIS AND FAIS, BUT IMPEDYMENT OR QUESTIOUN, SA THAT THARE BE NA COVERIT MALICE UNDER, AS TO SPY. FOR THAI AR REPUTE FOR THE TYME AS KIRK MEN THAT MAKIS VOWIS OF VAIGIS FOR THE LUFE OF GOD. AND TREWLY ALL PILGRYMES SULD BE ASSEURIT OF ALL MEN OF WERE. FOR, BE THE LAW IN THE DECREIS, ALL MANER OF MAN THAT DISTRUBLIS THAME AR CURSIT BE THE AUTORITEE OF THE COURT OF ROME, SEN THAI AR IN THE PAPIS PROTECTIOUN, FOR THAI INCUR THE PAYNE OF INOBEISAUNCE, AND SYNNIS DEDELY, AND THAIR BISCHOP MAY LEFULLY CURS ALL SIK MEN QUHILL THAI CUM TILL AMENDEMENT. AND ZIT HAVE THAI MA PREVILEGIS, FOR THAI SULD NOUTHIR PAY TOLL NA TEME, AUCHT NA CUSTUME, NA PAYAGE, QUHILL THAI AR ON THAIR VOYAGE. NA SULD NA MAN SELL THAME DERROR PENYWORTHIS NA WONT WAS TO BE IN THE CONTREE. NA THAME NEDIS NOCHT TO ASK SAUF CONDUYT SUPPOS THAI PAS THROWE LAND OF INYMYES, FOR HE THAT IS LORD AND SYRE

OF ALL THE WARLD HAS GEVIN THAIM HIS SAUF CONDUYT, THAT IS TO SAY THE PAPE, BE THE HALY LAWIS OF THE DECREIS. AND THUS SAY WE TREULY, THAT, AND THE MICHTYEST MARCHANT IN LONDON PASSIT IN PILGRYMAGE TO ROME, OR SANCT JAMES, OR TO THE HALY GRAVE, OR TO SANCT ANTONE, SANCT DENYS, OR TILL OTHIR VIAGE THROU FRAUNCE, BUT ONY SAUF CONDUYTE, THROU OUT THE MEN OF WERE IN WERE TYME, HE AW NOCHT TO BE PRISONARE, NA PAY RANSOUN, NA BE DISTROUBLIT. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT PERSOUNS OR THINGIS (MARG) (CAPITULUM IIIJXQXQ & XIX) (END OF MARG) IN TYME OF WERE NEDIS NA SAUF CONDUYT, AS MEN OF KIRK, (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) WOMMEN, BLYND MEN, DEF MEN, DUM MEN, WOODMEN. AND ZIT, WITH THIR, SULD LABOURARIS OF THE ERDE, AS PLEWMEN, HAROW MEN, WYNE MEN, AND ALL LABOURARIS AND DELVARIS OF THE ERDE, BE THE LAWIS, AND BE THE PROPRE NATURE OF THAIR OFFICE AND LABOUR, SULD BE FREE, AND NEDE NA SAUF CONDUYT BE ALL LAWIS, AS SUM PART WE HAVE SAID BEFORE. AND THE RESOUN OF THE LABOURARIS IS FOR THAI TRAVAILE FOR ALL THE WARLD, AND FOR THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT OF EVERY MAN. AND SEN THAI AR COMMOUN SERVANDIS TILL ALL MEN, ALL MEN SULD HAVE THAME ASSURIT IN THAIR CRAFT AND LABORAGE, BATHE BE LAW OF NATURE, MANNIS LAW, AND LAW WRITTIN. FOR SEN THAIR OFFICE IS COMMOUN, AND MAKIS LIFING AND GRATHIS, METE AND CLATHE TILL ALL THE WARLD, ALL MANER OF MAN SULD DEFEND THAME AS HE WALD DEFEND HIS AWIN LYF, FOR THAI MAK NA WERE. HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF THE AS AND THE OX IN (MARG) ( CAPITULUM C) (END OF MARG) TYME OF WERIS SULDE BATH JOIS A PRIVILEGE. AS GIF A PURE MAN LABOURAR HAS HIS TWA OXIN AND HIS AS, AS GIF BATHE SULDE HAVE A PRIVILEGE. AND, AS BE A WIS, HE SAIS, NAY, FOR THE PRIVILEGE WAS SPECIALY NAMYT TO THE OX, QUHAT RESOUN THAN HAS THE AS TILL IT? BOT THIS RESOUN IS LYTILL WORTH, OR NOCHT, FOR WE SULD FIRST BEHALDE QUHAT RESOUN IS THE OX PRIVILEGIT FOR. FOR GIF A PURE MAN HAS ANE OX ANERLY AND NO MA, AND HE HAVE ANE AS THARWITH, THE OX

MAY NOCHT WELE DRAWE IN THE PLEUCHE BOT GIF HE HAVE A FALOWE, THE PURE MAN PUTTIS TILL HIM IN STEDE OF THE TOTHIR OX HIS AS. NOW THAN, SEN HE OCCUPYIS IN WERK THE TOTHIR OXIS PLACE, QUHY WAR IT NOCHT RESOUN HE SULD JOYS HIS PRIVILEGE? BOT QUHAT SALL WE SAY TO THAME THAT LABOURIS THAIR LANDIS WITH MULIS, AS THAI DO IN THE LANDIS ABOUT VENYS? AND HOW THAI DO IN BURGONE THAT MASTE LABOURIS WITH HORS, AND IN MONY OTHIR CONTREIS OF FRAUNCE? I SAY SUTHEFASTLY THAT, QUHAT BEST THAT EVER MAN MAK HIS LABOURAGE WITH, THAT BESTE SULD JOYS THE PRIVILEGE OF THE OX, SEN HE DOIS THE OFFICE. FOR THE LABOURAGE OF THE ERDE IS SA PRIVILEGIT FOR THE WYNNYNG OF MANNIS SUSTENAUNCE THAT, BE RESOUN OF THAIR OFFICE, AND NOCHT BE RESOUN OF THAIR BODY, THAI SULD JOYS THE PRIVILEGE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF THE VARLET OF THE LABOURARE, THAT IS FOR TO SAY HIS HYRE MAN THAT DRYVIS THE PLEUCHE, SULD JOYS THE PRIVILEGE OF THE MAISTER, OR SERVIS HIM IN OTHIR SERVICE PERTENAND TILL HIS LABOUR. AS SEN THE VARLET MAKIS LABOUR, HE SULD JOIS THE PRIVILEGE TO PAS SEURLY AND SEKIR AMANG MEN OF ARMES, BUT HARME IN BODY NA IN GUDIS. AND AS SEMYS FIRST, HE SULD NOCHT HAVE THE SAMYN PRIVILEGE, FOR IT IS NOCHT NAMYT BOT TO THE MAISTER. NEVERTHELES, GUDE FAITH WALD THAT HE JOYSIT THE SAMYN PRIVILEGE. FOR QUHY, QUHEN A LABOURER IS ASSURIT, IT IS NOCHT ANERLY UNDERSTANDIN THAT HIS PERSONE IS ASSEURIT, AND NOCHT HIS GOODS. FOR LITILL THAN WAR WORTHE THE PRIVILEGE, GIF HE SULD SPARE MY PERSONE, AND DRYVE MY GUDIS, AND PRISOUNE MY SERVANDIS. QUHARFORE I SAY THAT HE AW TO HAVE THE PRIVILEGE OF HIS MAISTER. FOR QUHY AND HIS SAID MAISTER DID A CRIME OF MURTHIR, OR THIFT, OR REF, OR SIK THING, AND HE HELPIT HIM, SULD HE NOCHT BERE THE SAMYN PUNYCIOUN THAT HIS MAISTER BERIS? I TRAIST NANE WILL SAY THE CONTRAIR. THAN, SEN HE MON BERE HIS PART OF THE PAYNE, HE SULDE BERE ALSWELE HIS PART OF THE PROUFFIT

AND ZIT MARE, WAR THE CUSTUME THAT IS IN PROVENCE THAT WOMEN BARE THE SEDE TO THE LABOURE, AND LED THE BESTIS TO THE WATER, AND TO THE PASTURE, QUHEN THE LABOURER WAR OTHIR WAYIS VEXT. ALSET IS WER THE CUSTUM OF MEN OF WERE TO TAK WOMEN PRISONERIS, ZIT SULD NOCHT SIK LABOURARIS WYFIS BE TANE PRISOUNERIS, BE CAUS OF THE PRIVILEGE OF LABOURE. BOT SIK PRIVILEGIS AR BOT SYMPLY KEPIT NOW ON DAIS. BOT NEVERTHELES, THE LAW CIVILE SAIS THAT THE KNYCHTIS WYF BERIS THE PRIVILEGE OF HYR MARYT HUSBAND. AND SA SULD ALL WOMMEN BERE PRIVILEGIES OF THAIR MARYT HUSBANDIS, BE THE WRITTIN LAWIS. BOT AS LANGAND THE PRIVILEGE OF LABOUR, IT WAS GEVIN BE THE PAPE. AND THARFOR SULD ALL NOBLES AND GENTILIS AND MEN OF WERE KEPE THAT PRIVILEGE THAT SUSTENIS ALL MENIS LYFIS, AND HALDIS UP THE WARLD. AND SA BYNDIS THE PAPE ALL CRISTYN CREATURE BE HIS LAW CANOUN, IN HIS DECRETALIS, ALWAYIS TO KEPE THAT PRIVILEGE TO THE LABOURARIS, OR, GIF THAI DO NOCHT, THAI AR CURSIT OF THE DEDE, AND MAY BE CURSIT OPINLY BE THAIR BISCHOPIS IN HALY KIRK, QUHARE ALL PRINCIS, LORDIS, CAPITANES AND KNYCHTIS SULD SETT THAIR BESY CURE, AND THAIR HERTIS GUDELY WILL, TO KEPE THE LABOURARIS, SA THAT THAIR DEDE HAVE BETTER PROSPERITEE. OR ELLIS TRAIST WELE, QUHEN THAI WENE BEST TO DO, THAI SALL MYSFARE THROU THE VENGEAUNCE OF THE CLAMOUR OF THE PURE PEPLE QUHILKIS DEIS OF HUNGER ON THAIR PROPRE GROUND FOR FAULT OF JUSTICE, AND ALL IN DEFAULT OF GOVERNAUNCE OF THE COMMOUN PROUFFIT. FOR, IN THIR WERIS THAT NOW REGNIS IN FRAUNCE, THARE IS NA WERIS MAID BOT TO PURE LABOURARIS, AND TILL OXIN AND KYIS, QUHILK IS NA WERE BOT PILLERY. BOT THIS IS NOCHT THE NOBLE FASSOUN OF THE WERIS THAT WORTHY KNYCHTIS AND WORTHY MEN OF ARMES WAS WOUNT TO LEDE IN THE ANCIEN CUSTUMES, THE QUHILKIS KEPIT AS THAME SELF THE PORE LABOURERIS WOMMEN, AND MEN OF KIRK, WEDOWIS, MAIDENIS, FADERLES AND MODERLES BARNIS, AND ALL PORE, AND PECEABLE, AND MISERABLE PERSONS, AND MANETENYT JUSTICE, POLICI, AND COMMOUN PROUFFIT. BOT, GOD WATE,

ALL IS NOW PERVERTIT IN THE CONTRAIR, AS REVING OF LABOURARIS, BIRNYING OF KIRKIS, FORSYNG OF WOMMEN, DISTRESSING OF MERCHANDIS, DEROBBING OF PRESTIS, AND COMMITTING OF ALL THE SEVIN DEDELY SYNNIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR IN TYME OF WERE, MEN OF ARMES MAY LEFFULLY LEDDER CASTELLIS OR TOWNIS DURAND THAIR TREWIS, AS SUM TYME MEN MAKIS TREWIS IN TYME OF WERIS IN HOPE OF TRETY, OR OTHIR WAYIS. AND, AS TO THIS MATER, SUM SAIS THAT, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND SIK TREWIS, MEN AN BEHALDYN TO DO THAIR PROUFFIT IN ALKYN MANER, NOCHT BRISSAND THAIR HECHT AND PROMESS TO MAK WERE DURAND THE TYME. FOR SUPPOS THAI STELE A PLACE AND HALD IT, THAI MAK NA WERE. AND THARFORE, AS TO THAT, ME THINK THIS OPYNIOUN NOUTHIR LELE NA TREWE. BOT, OR I ANSUERE TO THIS MATER UTTERLY, ME THINK I SULD DECLARE FIRST QUHAT IS TREWIS, AND FIRST I SAY ZOU, THAT TREWIS IS A KINGIS ASSEURAUNCE GENERALE THE QUHILK INCLUDIS IN IT THRE POYNTIS, AS SAIS OURE MAISTRIS THE DOCTOURIS. THE FIRST POYNT IS, THAT IT ASSEURIS THE PERSONIS. THE SECUND POYNT IS, THAT IT ASSEURIS THE GUDIS. THE THRID POYNT THAT IT INCLUDIS IS, GUDE HOPE OF PES, TRETY, AND GUDE CONCORDE. NOW LAT US BEHALD WELE THAN, QUHEN A PLACE, CASTELL, OR WALLIT TOUNE IS TANE BE LEDDERING, QUHAT SURETEE THE PERSOUNS AR IN, FIRST AND FORMAST, SYNE, QUHAT SEURTEE THE GUDIS AR IN EFTERWART, QUHEN THE INYMYES HAS ALL IN THAIR HANDIS, AND SYNE SE QUHAT ESPERAUNCE OF PES, TRETY, OR OF GUDE CONCORDE THARE SULD BE. FOR SEURTEE RYALL SULD BE BUT BARAT AND MALE ENGYNE, FIABLE AND TRAIST AS STELE. FOR A KINGIS WORD IS A GRETE THING. FOR NEVER SULD WORD OF FIABILNESS OF A KING BE BROKIN BE NA WAY, FOR A KINGIS WORD SULD STAND AND NOCHT BE FRUSTRIT, AS SANCT DAVID SAIS, ( QUOD QUE PROCEDUNT DE LABIIS MEIS NON FACIAM IRRITA. )QUHAT THING IS IT TO BREK A KINGIS TREWIS - NANE MAY ESTYMY THE DISHONOUR

AND SCATHE IT IS TO THE REALME. QUHARFORE MEN MAY WELE SE THAT IT IS BOT FALS CONTRUFIT MALICE OF COMMOUN THEFIS AND REVARIS TO SAY THAT TREWIS MAY BE KEPIT, AND PLACIS UNDER THAI TREWIS LEDDERIT, NA IS NA CLERK THAT MAY GUDELY SUSTENE THAT OPYNIOUN. FOR EVER IN TREWIS, AND IN SAUF CONDUYTIS, MEN PUTTIS BUT ONY FALSHEDE, BARAT OR MALICE. BOT THIS OPYNIOUN OF TRECHERYE CUMMYS OF PILLARDIS THAT NEVER WALD HAVE PES NA CONCORDE IN THIS WARLDE AMANG CRISTYN FOLK. FOR IN TYME OF PES THAI CAN NOCHT LYVE, AND RYCHT AS THAI WALD HAVE HERE NA PES IN THIS WARLDE, RYCHT SA TRAIST I THAI SALL NANE HAVE IN THE TOTHIR WARLD. FOR TREULY A PLACE TANE IN SIK MANER AW TO BE RESTORIT AGAYNE BE THE KING ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, HOW AND IN QUHAT MANER MEN SULD BE PUNYST THAT BRISS THE KINGIS TREWIS BUT HIS CONSENT, OR BREKIS THE PES ACCORDIT UTTERLY AND ENDIT. AND AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT SUM MEN HALDIS THAT, FOR THE FIRST TYME, QUHASA BREKIS TREWIS OR PES SULD BE DUNGYN NAKIT THROU THE TOUNE, AND EFTER THAT, PUNYST AS THE CAUS REQUERIT, BOT AND IT WAR SA, THARE SULD BE MONY BREKARIS OF TREWIS, GIF THAI MYCHT GET GUDE, FOR TO BE QUYTE FOR A DYNGING. QUHARFORE, I SAY, TREULY, THAT HE THAT BREKIS TREWIS OR PES, SUPPOS IT BE BOT FOR ( VSQ ) OF PRICE, THARE FOLLOWIS, BE THE LAW CIVILE, PAYNE CAPITALE, THAT IS TO SAY THE HEDE, FOR THAT IS A THING SPECIALY AND EXPRESSELY DETERMYNIT IN THE LAWE, FOR GIF A KING BE A RIGOROUS MAN, AND WELE SETT TO KEPE LAW AND JUSTICE, IS NANE SA GRETE BOT HE WILL SARE DREDE TILL OFFEND HIM, NA TO BREK HIS COMMANDEMENT. BOT AND HE BE LATHE, AND OUR SETTAND, AND FAVOURABLE IN PUNYCIOUN OF MYSDOARIS, TRAIST WELE HE IS FOSTERAR AND MANETENAR OF ALL MYSDOARIS OF HIS REALME, AND AW TO GEVE COMPT TO THE HIEST JUGE OF THAIR ALLARIS MYSDEDIS THAT GAIS AWAY UNPUNYST FRA JUSTICE, THROU HIS NEGLIGENCE.

(MARG) ( CAPITULUM CIIIJ ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF ONY GRETE LORD, OR OTHIR ALS THAT DREDIS HONOURE, SULD TRAIST IN ONY SAUF CONDYT THROU MENNIS COUNSALE, THAT IS TO SAY, TO AUNTRE HIM IN THE POWER OR PLACIS OF HIS FAIS, QUHARE THAI WAR STARKARE NA HE. TO THE QUHILK NA WIS MAN CAN WELE ANSUERE. FOR QUHY, TO CONSALE A GRETE LORD OR ONY OTHIR MAN TO PUT HIM IN THE WILL OF MEN THAT HE KNAWIS NOCHT THAIR LAUTEE NA THAIR FASTNESS, THAT AR HIS MORTALL INYMYES, NOCHT GAYNSTANDING THAT BE WAY OF LAWE ALL SAUF CONDUCT SULD BE TRAIST AND SEURE, BOT QUHETHIR THAT MEN BE TRAIST OR SEURE, THAT IS IN WERE, FOR MONY ANE, WENAND TO BE SEKIR, HAFE BENE DISSAVIT, BETRAISIT AND UNDONE, FOR THAIR LYCHT TRAISTING IN MEN THAT THAI KNEW NOCHT THAIR LAUTEE, AND SYNE HAD NOCHT TO HALD THAME BY, BOT THAIRE FRENDIS TO REPROVE THAME QUHEN THAI WAR TYNT, THAT WAS A SYMPLE AMENDIS FOR SA GRETE (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) A MISCHEF AND DAMAGE. QUHARFORE TILL A WIS MAN ALL THE LETTRES OF ASSEURANCE AND SAUF CONDITIS OF THE WARLD IS NATHING IN COMPARISOUN OF HIS PREDICIOUN, THE QUHILK PUTTIS LYF LAND AND HONOUR IN WERE FOR A LETTRE OF PAPER WITH A LYTILL WAX. AND SULD I SAY THE CONTRAIR, I SAID AGAYNE MY CONSCIENCE, FOR I SULD BETTER WIT THE SUTH NA THAI MEN THAT FIRST ORDANYT SAUF CONDYTIS, AND ORDANYT THE LAWIS THAT AR CALLIT CAPITALE LAWIS IN SIK MATERIS, AND HOW MEN SULD NOCHT LICHTLY TRAIST IN NA SAUF CONDITIS, ADIN THE WARLD THAT WALKIS NOW. FOR THARE IS SAMEKLE FALSHEDE, BARAT AND TRECHERYE IN THE WARLD, THAT MEN WATE NOCHT QUHAM IN TO TRAIST, FOR THE WARLD IS WORTHIT SA SUBTILE IN FALSHEDE THAT NANE IS OR FEW THAT MAY KEPE THAME THARWITH BUT A FALL OR A LAK. FOR EVERY MAN SETTIS FOR HIS SINGULER PROUFFIT, AND TO DISSAVE OTHIR, NA THE WARLD IS FEST IN SIK FREMMYT UNKYNDENES THAT THAI THINK NA SCHAME ILKANE TO BEGYLE OTHIR, AND TO LE OPYNLY, NA TO BREK LAUTEE MONY ANE. AND TREULY, THE WARLD IS CUMMYN IN SIK A CUSTUM THAT IT THAT WAS WONT TO BE CALLIT LAW IS NOW

CALLIT CAUTELE AND SUBTILITEE TO DISSAVE HIS FALOW. FOR THE QUHILK GUDE FAITH IS TYNT, FOR THARE IS NANE THAT MAY TRAIST ANE OTHIR. AND THIS IS THE CAUS FOR QUHY I SAY THIS, FOR MY LORDIS COUNSALE, QUHILK AND I WAR OF HIS COUNSALE, I SULD NEVER GEVE HIM COUNSALE TO TRAIST IN SAUF CONDYT HIS PERSOUN AMANG HIS ANCIENE CAPITALE AND MORTAL INYMYES. FOR QUHEN A CAPITALE AND MORTALE INYMY HALDIS IN HIS POWER THE PRINCIPALE PARTY ADVERS, HE MAY FYND ANE HUNDRETH MANERIS TILL UNDO HIM, AND SYNE FYND ANE EXCUSACIOUN AND A CAUS QUHY, QUHAT THING THAT EVER BETYDE. FOR MEN MAY GER A KNAVE MOVE A RYOTE OR A NOYSE THAT NANE MAY DO WITH, OR POYSONIS OR OTHIR MANER OF MURDERIS IN HYD MANER, OF THE QUHILKIS MEN MAY FYND MONY EXCUSACIOUN, THAT, QUHEN ALL CUMMIS TILL HEIP, AR BOT A SYMPLE MENDIS OR RECOMPENSACIOUN TILL SYK A TYNSALE AS OF A GRETE LORDE. AND FORTHIR, THAI MAY PUT FYRE, OR WITH A SCHOTE IN AT A WYNDOW, OR BE A FULE GER GEVE A STAB WITH A KNYF, OR BE A WOODMAN, A RAMYSDE FULE THAT FOR LYTILL GUDE WALD SETT HIS LYF IN PERILE. SYNE WALDE MAN SAY, QUHEN IT WAR DONE, QUHA MYCHT DO THAREWITH? AND QUHEN A LORD IS DEDE HE GETTIS FEW FRENDIS, AND LYFAND MEN GETTIS AY FRENDIS. AND ALS THE LAWE SAIS, THAT IN SIK MYSTY AVENTURIS IS LYTILL REMEDE OFT TYMES NA REPARACIOUN. AND THARFORE, SAIS THE LAWIS, THAT FOR THE SEURTEE OF A MANIS PERSONE THARE CAN NA MAN DEVIS SUFFICIAND PLEGIS NA SEKIRNES. FOR GIF TRECHERY AND FALSHEDE BE MAID TILL UNDO A LORD OR ONY OTHIR PERSONE, SUPPOS HE HAVE PLEGIS OR HOSTAGIS, THAI CAN NOCHT BRING HIM AGAYN FRA DEDE TO LYVE. AND QUHAT PROUFFITIS IT TO THE DEDE LORDE QUHEN OTHIR WAR PUT TO DEDE FOR HIM, AND HE NOCHT LYVE AGAYN? NA QUHAT AMENDIS MAY MEN OF WISDOME ESTYMY CONDIGNE, FOR THE LYF OF A MAN THAT WAR ACCEPTABLE TILL HIM AND TILL HIS FRENDIS, SEN THE EWANGELE SAIS, QUHAT PROFITIS IT TO WYN ALL THE WARLD, AND TO TYNE HIS AWIN SAULE, QUHEN HE HAD MAID THE CONQUEST?

(MARG) (CAPITULUM CV) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHETHIR GIF A CRISTYN KING MAY GEVE A SAUF CONDYT TILL A KING SARRAZENE TO CUM IN CRISTYN LANDIS. AND AS TO THAT POYNT I ANSUERE THE THAT TREWLY, ME THINK THAT NA CRISTYN MAN IS BEHALDYN TO KEPE THAT SAULF CONDYT. AND RESOUN QUHY IS, FOR MAN MAY NOCHT GEVE GENERALE ASSEURAUNCE AGAIN THE INYMYES OF GOD. FOR FIRST, THE PAPE NA THE EMPEROUR AR NOCHT HALDYN TO KEPE HIS SAUF CONDUCT, NA ZIT NANE OTHIR KING. QUHA SULD THAN KEPE IT, FOR THAI AW HIM NANE OBEYSAUNCE? BOT QUHETHIR HIS AWIN LEGIS AR BEHALDYN TO KEPE HIS ASSURAUNCE IN THAT POYNT IT IS TO WIT. AND FIRST IT SEMYS THAT NAY, FOR AS WE HAVE SAID IT IS CLERE THING THAT SARRAZENIS AR THE INYMYES OF ALL CRISTIANITEE, AS HALY WRYTT AND LAW BERIS WITNES, AND GIF A CRISTYN MAN RESSAVIT OR COMMONYT WITH THE INYMY OF GOD, BUT LEVE OF THE SOVERANE LORD, HE COMMYTTIT DEDELY SYN. AND AS WE HAVE OTHIR TYMES SAID, A SUBJECT IS NOCHT HALDYN TILL OBEY HIS LORD IN THING THAT BELANGIS TYNSALE OF SAULE, QUHAREFORE THE SUBJECTIS AR NOCHT BEHALDIN TO OBEY IN THAT THAIR LORD. FOR BE NA LAWIS NA HALY WRITT, THAR HAS NA CRISTIN MAN NOUTHIR MANDEMENT NA COMMANDEMENT TO COMMOUN WITH THAME. ITEM, MARE STARK RESOUN, EVERY PERSONE THAT CONTRAIRIS THE COMMANDEMENT OF HIS MAISTER IS MANESUORNE. BOT ONY MAN THAT GEVIS OUTHIR RESSET OR FAVOURE TO GODDIS INYMYES, HE DOIS AGAIN THE PRECEPT OF THE KIRK, AND THE BIDDING OF GOD, TO FAVOUR NA RESSET THE INYMYES OF THE FAITH, NA TO ENTERCOMMOUN WITH THAME IN NA WIS, AND THUS AR NOCHT HIS SUBGECTIS BEHALDYN TO OBEYE IN THAT TO THAIR LORD. ITEM THE SARRAZENIS HALDIS NOCHT ANERLY ON WERE ANE KING CRISTYN, BOT ALL CRISTYN KINGIS. THUS, SEN THAI AR GENERALE AND COMMOUNE INYMY TO ALL, ANE ANERLY MAY NOCHT GEVE THAME SAUF CONDUCT, FOR THE LAWE SAIS THAT THE THING THAT TOUCHIS ALL SULD BE APPROVIT AND CONFERMYT BE ALL. BOT IN THIS MATER,

WE MON FIRST AND FORMAST HAVE EYE TO THE CAUS QUHY THIS SAUF CONDYT WAS GEVIN, FOR, AND IT WAS GEVIN FOR CAUS RESONABLE, AND IT WAR GIF A KINGIS BROTHIR OF SARRAZINIS WAR PRISONER, AND HE COME TO MAK HIS FINAUNCE, OR THAT THE KING THAT GEVIS THE SAUF CONDYT WALD TRETE THE LOUSING OF HIS BROTHIR QUHILK HAD BENE TANE PRISONER IN THE WERIS AGANIS THAT KING SARRAZENE, OR TO MAK TRETY, GIF ONY KING SARRAZENE WALD BE AT THE FAITH, THAT HE WALD BE ASSEURIT TO CUM TO COMMOUN WITH CRISTYN FOLK, OF THE FAITH, AND TO TAK THE HALY UNCTIOUN OF BAPTESME, AND OTHIR CAUS THAT WAR LEFULL AND RESONABLE, THAT WAR THAN ACCEPTABLE, AND TO BE THOLIT, BOT AND HE HAD GEVIN IT FOR OTHIR SINGULER CAUS, HE SULD NOCHT BE OBEYIT IN THAT, NA ZIT HE SULD CUM WITH POWER OF MEN THAT MYCHT GREVE THE CONTREE QUHARE HE COME GIF HIM LEST ON FORS. AND GIF THE KING SARRAZENE COME THUS ON ANE UNPROFITABLE TITLE, THE SUBJECTIS OF THAT KINGIS REALME, OR OTHERIS, MYCHT TAK HIM PRISONNARE AND RANSOUN HIM, OR HALD HIM AND DO WITH HIM AS WITH THE OTHIR INYMYES OF THE FAITH OF JHESUS CRIST, BUT LAK OF DISOBEISAUNCE, NA THAT ONY MYCHT REPROVE THAME OF DISOBEYSAUNCE, NA OF PERJUREMENT, FOR SA MAY THAI AVOW IT BE THE COMMON LAW WRITTIN, ( ETC ) FOR THE LAW SAIS MARE, THAT GIF A MAN MAY FYND ONY MAN BERAND LETTRES THAT AR AGAYN THE PUBLYK PROUFFIT OF THE COMMOUN, QUHA SA FIRST GETTIS THAIM MAY BREK THAIM OR BRING THAIM TO THE JUSTICE, QUHETHIR HIM LYKIS BETTER. AND BE THE LAWIS ALL GUDE CRISTYN MAN SULD PUT OF THE COMPANY OF GUDE CRISTIN FOLK ALL MYSTROWAND MEN, ALL HERYTIKIS SCISMATIKIS AND ALL LOLLARDIS, AT ALL POWER. AND NAMLY, ALL PRINCIS THAT POWER HAS AR OBLIST THARETO, BE THE LAWIS WRITTIN, (MARG) ( CAPITUL CVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF TWA LORDIS IN WERE HAD GEVIN TREWIS AND SEURTEE FOR CERTAYN TYME, ILKANE TILL OTHIR, AND THE TANE OF THAME HAD BROKYN TREWIS,

QUHETHIR GIF THE TOTHIR MAY LEFULLY BREK AGAYN TILL HIM, AS GIF THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE AND INGLAND HAFE MAID TREWIS SUORNE TO BE KEPIT FOR THE SPACE OF ( IIII ) OR ( V ) ZERIS, AND CAS FELL THAT THE KING OF INGLANDIS MEN TUKE PLACIS, AND BRAK THE TREWIS WITHIN THRE MONETHIS OR FOUR, QUHETHIR GIF THE KING OF FRAUNCE MYCHT LEFULLY BREK AGAYN TILL HIM, AND IT SEMYS WELE THAT SA SULD HE DO. FOR A GUDE REQUERIS ANE OTHIR, AND RYCHT SA, ANE EVILL, BE THE COMMOUN LAWIS. AND ALS A REUGLE GENERALE IS THAT QUHA BREKIS FAITH, FAITH SULD NOCHT BE KEPIT TO THAME. ALSSUA THE LAW SAIS THAT A VIOLENCE BYDIS ANE OTHIR, AND BIDDIS BODIS. BOT NOCHT FORTHY, WE WILL SUM THING AWAY FOR THE TOTHIR OPYNIOUN, OR ELLIS WAR IT NA WERE OF LAWE, FOR SEN IT IS SA THAT THE KING OF INGLAND, DURAND THE TYME OF THE TREWIS, IS FALS AND MANESUORN, HE HAS COMMYTTIT DEDELY SYN. THAN QUHAT WIT WAR IT TO THE KING OF FRAUNCE, SUPPOS THE KING OF INGLAND WAR MANESUORNE, THAT HE SULD BREK HIS LAUTEE TO MANESUERE HIM FOR COMPANY, AND TO COMMYTT ALSSUA DEDLY SYN? FOR HALY WRYTT SAIS IT IS A FULIS AUTORITILEE TO SAY, HE HAS BROKYN TO ME, THAREFORE I SALL BREK TILL HIM. THAN, GIF A MAN HAD PUT FYRE IN MY HOUS, SULD I PUT FIRE IN HIS IT WAR NA WISEDOME. FOR GIF HE BREKIS, AND I HALD MY FAITH, THAN HAS HE LAK AND DISHONOUR, AND I HAVE HONOUR, AND WORSCHIP OF FAITH KEPING. MEN SULD KEPE FAITH BATHE TO FRENDE AND FA. AND SUPPOS MY FA BREK TO ME FAITH, I WILL NOCHT FOLOW HIS ERROUR, FOR ALL ATHE AW TO BE KEPIT SA THAT IT MAY BE KEPIT BUT PREJUDICE TO THE SAULE. BOT THE ATHE THAT THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAS MAID FOR TO KEPE TREWIS MAY BE KEPIT BUT PREJUDICE TO THE SAULE BEHUFE, NA FORTHY, SALL HE NOCHT BE CONDAMPNYT. QUHARFORE HE AW TO KEPE THAT ATHE. AND THARFORE AS TO THIS DEBATE, CERTAYNLY I SAY, THAT, GIF THE KING OF INGLAND HAS BROKIN THE TREWIS, HE IS FALS AND MANESUORNE. BOT SEN HE HAS BROKIN THE BAND FIRST, THE KING

OF FRAUNCE IS LOUSSE OF HIS PROMESS, AND IS NOCHT HALDYN, BOT HE WILL, TO HALD THE HECHT THAT HE HAS MAID HIM, AND BUT ONY BREKING OF ATH OR MANESUERING. FOR THE LAW WILL THAT, SEN HE HAS BROKIN THE CONDICIOUNS MAID BETUIXT THAME, HE IS LOUSSE ON THE TOTHIR PART, AND FREE OF HIS BAND, NA HAS NA MARE OBLIGACIOUN TILL HIM BOT ON FREE WILL, BOT HE IS ASSOILZEIT OF HIS ATHE, BE THE LAW WRITTIN, AND HE MAY MAK HIM WERE, BUT DEDELY SYN, AND DESTROY HIS LANDIS, AND CONTREIS, BUT DISHONOUR OR FAITH BREKING. AND THARFOR, MY CONCLUSIOUN IS THAT HE AW TO HALD NA TREWIS, BOT TO DO HIS BEST TO WERRAY HIM, BUT CHARGE OF SYN OR SCHAME, FOR THE BREKING OF HIS FAITH LOUSIS AND FRETHIS HIM ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE, QUHETHIR IT BE MARE EXPEDIENT TO MAK BATAILL BEFORE METE OR EFTER METE. AS GIF THE KING OF FRANCE WAR BEFORE THE GRETE CITEE OF ALEXANDRIE, WITH ALL HIS POWER OF KNYCHTIS AND LORDIS THAT HE MYCHT BE, AND THE SOVERANE OF BABILONE HAD SETT HIM DAY OF BATAILL TO FECHT WITH HIM, THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR BETTER COUNSALE WAR TO GYVE HIM BATAILLE FASTAND, OR EFTER METE QUHEN MEN AR FULL AND BLITHE. AND AS TO THE FIRST ADVYS IT SEMYS THAT BETTER WAR TO FECHT BEFORE METE AND FASTAND, FOR ALL SIK GRETE ACTIOUNS THAT AR DOUTOUS STANDIS IN THE WILL AND THE GRACE OF GOD, QUHARFOR ALL PRINCIS, AND LORDIS AND OTHERIS SULD SETT THAIR ORDYNAUNCE AND ALL THAIR GOVERNAUNCE IN HIM, PRAYAND HIM TO GUYDE IT AS LORD AND SYRE OF ALL BATAILLIS AND DEDIS HONOURABLE, FOR OF HIM CUMMYS VICTORY AND VAILLIANTIS, AND BE CAUS THAT MEN AR BETTER SETT TO GODDIS SERVICE BEFORE NA EFTER METE AS US AND CUSTUM IS IN ALL LANDIS TO MAK PRAYERIS AND SERVICE TO GOD BEFORE METE ERAR NA EFTER METE, THAT MEN BE FILLIT FULL OF METIS AND DRINKIS. AS WE HAVE ANE EXAMPLE OF MOYSES, QUHILK FASTIT FOURTY DAYES BEFORE THAT HE RESSAVIT THE HALY FAITH AND LAWIS OF GOD,

AND SYNE THAI WAR GEVIN HIM. ANE OTHIR EXAMPLE WE HAFE OF OURE SALVIOUR JHESUS CRIST, THE QUHILK BEFORE THAT HE WALD TAK THE BATAILL FOR MANNIS SALVACIOUN, HE FASTIT ( XL ) DAYES TO HAVE VICTORY AND MAISTRY OF THE INYMY OF HELLE. AND GOD THE FADER, TO GER MAN LYVE VERTUOUSLY, ORDANIT ADAM OURE FOREFADER TO FORBERE AND HALD CERTANE ABSTINENCE, QUHILK SIGNIFYIS THAT GLUTONY IS A PERILOUS PESTILENCE, AND OFT TYMES REVIS RESOUN FRA (MARG) NOTA (END OF MARG) THE MANNIS WIT AND MAKIS HIM BESTLY, QUHILK IS CONTRAIR TO BATAILL. ITEM, A MAN FASTAND IS MARE WIS, MARE SUBTILE, AND BETTER TEMPERIT NA FULL. QUHARFORE THAN, IS HE MARE VIRTUOUS IN BATAILL TO FECHT, AND HAS BETTER MYNDE AND BETTER MEMORE IN ALL HIS WERKIS AND DEDIS. AND ALL THIR THINGIS AR REQUERIT IN BATAILL NEDELY. QUHARFORE CLERE THING IS IT THAT BETTER IS BEFORE NA EFTER NONE, ( ETC ) ITEM, SAULE, QUHEN HE FAUCHT AGAYN THE INYMYES OF THE PEPLE OF ISRAEL, HE ORDANYT UNDER THE PAYNE OF DEDE THAT NA MAN THE DAY OF BATAILL SULD ETE NA DRINK, QUHILL EFTER THAT THE SONNE WAR GANE TO REST. AND SA WAS IT KEPIT, AND THE BATAILL WAS WONNYN. BOT ZIT, ALL THIR RESOUNS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, WE MON SUM THING ALLEGE FOR THE CONTRAIR PARTY. FOR, AS WE REDE IN THE HALY WRITT, QUHEN THE PROPHET WAS SA WAYKE THAT HE MYCHT NO MARE TRAVAILL, HE ETE AND DRANK HIS REPAS, AND EFTER THAT, IN THE FORS AND PYTHE OF THAT METE, HE TRAVAILIT ( XL ) DAIS AND FOURTY NYCHTIS, BUT ONY REFECTIOUN. AND ALSSUA, (MARG) (NOTA ) (END OF MARG) SAIS SANCT DAVID THE PROPHET THAT THE WYNE BLITHIS THE MANNIS HERT AND COMFORTIS HIM. AND ALS MEN MAY SE BE EXPERIENCE THAT BATHE BESTE AND MAN IS MARE STARK AND FORCY BE FERR TO TRAVAILL AND LABOUR QUHEN THAI AR WELE FED NA QUHEN THAI AR CUTYT, QUHARFORE I SAY, AS MY ENTENCIOUN SERVIS ME, THAT GIF THE FOLK HAD BENE WELE AT ES BEFORE THE DAY OF BATAILL, AND HALDIN AT ES AND WELTH OF METE AND DRINK, AND OUT OF OUR GRETE CALDE AND HETE GOVERNYT, AND WELE RESTIT, I TRAIST IT WAR BETTER FECHT IN BATAILL BEFORE METE NA EFTER METE,

FOR MONY CAUSIS BEFORE NAMYT. BOT AND THAI WAR NEDE BESTAD OF LYFING, AND NOCHT HALDIN AT ES NA AT REST, I WALD COUNSALE THAT THAI WAR REFRESCHIT WITH BATHE METE AND DRINK RESOUNABILY, AND RECONFORTIT. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE, QUHETHIR GIF BATAILL IN LISTIS MAY BE LEFULLY HALDYN BEFORE THE LADYES. AS THUS: THE KING OF FRAUNCE IS IN WERIS APON GODDIS INYMYES, AND TWA KNYCHTIS OF FRAUNCE ILKANE APPELLIS OTHIR OF BATAILL BEFORE THE QUENE: QUHETHIR GIF THIS BATAILL MAY LEFFULLY BE DONE OR NOCHT BEFORE THE QUENE, SEN SCHO IS IN HIS ABSENCE GOVERNAND THE REALME. AND THE TANE OF THE KNYCHTIS SAIS TO THE TOTHIR THAT HE IS TRAYTOUR TO THE KING, AND THAREAPON HAS GEVIN HIS GAGE OF BATAILL. THE DAY OF BATAILL IS SETT, THE QUENE CUMMYS THARE AS JUGE TO SYTT AND DETERMYN THE MATER BE HIR AND HIR COUNSALE. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR THIS MAY LEFULLY BE OR NOCHT. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN I ANSUERE, FIRST, THAT SCHO MAY NOCHT BE JUGE IN THIS CAS. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT IT SITTIS NOCHT TILL A WOMMAN TO MELL HIR WITH THE THINGIS THAT PERTENIS TO JUGEMENT OF MEN BE THAIR NATURE, AND THIS IS LAWE COMMOUN, AND NAMELY, IN FETE OF JUGEING OF WERIS, AND SEN WOMEN BE THE LAW COMMOUN AR REPELLIT, AND BY PUT, US THINK THAT THE QUENE MAY NOCHT BE JUGE IN THE CAS. ITEM, BE LAW OF NATURE, IT AW NOCHT TO BE. AND, FIRST, BE A PERSUASIOUN OF ARGUMENT, TO CUM BETTER TO MY PURPOS, I SAY THAT A THING THAT IS OF LAWAR CONDICIOUN MAY NOCHT BE JUGE TILL ANE THING THAT IS OF HYAR CONDICIOUN. BUT SUTHE IT IS THAT MAN IS OF HYAR NATURE AND CONDICIOUN, AND MARE NOBLE NA THE WOMMAN IS. QUHAREFORE SCHO MAY NOCHT JUGE THE MAN. AND ZIT MARE STARK RESOUN SAIS THAT THE LAW WILL NOCHT THAT A PERSOUN THAT IS SUBGET TILL A SOVERANE BE JUGE BUT ORDYNANCE OF JUGEMENT PERTENAND TO THE SOVERANE. BOT SEN IT IS CLERE THING THAT THE WOMMAN IS SUBJECT TO THE MAN,

AND SA MAY SCHO NOCHT BE JUGE IN THING THAT TOUCHIS THE SOVERANITEE. AND NOW AS TO THIS MATER, I ANSUERE THAT CERTAYNLY AS IS BEFORE ALLEGIT BE THE LAWIS, THARE SULD NA WOMMAN BE JUGE OF THING THAT PERTENIS TO MANNIS JUGEMENT, AND SPECIALY OF BATAILLIS NA OF WERIS, BUT ORDINAUNCE OR SPECIALE COMMISSIOUN OF THE PRINCE. AND THIS IS LAW WRITTIN. OR OTHIR WAYIS, WE MAY SAY, GIF OF ALDE TYMES BE CUSTUMES OF THE COUNTREIS THAT MEN USIS COMMONLY, IT IS THAN LEFULL AND RESONABLE THAT WOMMEN HALD JUGEMENT, FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT CUSTUM GEVIS OFT TYME JURISDICTIOUN. AND GIF ONY MAN WALD MAK ANE ARGUMENT SAYAND THAT LADYES NA GENTILL WOMMEN CAN NOCHT WELE JUGE IN DEDE OF ARMES, QUHARFORE IT IS NOCHT SEMAND TO SETT A PERSONE TO BE JUGE IN MATERIS THAT THAI KEN THAME NOCHT IN, TO THE QUHILK ARGUMENT IT IS SONE ANSUERD - THAT IS SMALL DEFICULTEE, FOR ILKE WELE WITTIT PERSONE MAY WELE UNDERSTAND THAT QUHARE EVER A QUENE BE, SCHO IS NOCHT BUT LORDIS, BAROUNS, KNYCHTIS AND SQUIARIS, AND WORTHY MEN OF WERE AND OF ARMES QUHILKIS CAN GEVE HIR HONOURABLE COUNSALE IN SIK MATERIS. QUHARFORE I CONCLUDE THAT A QUENE MAY WELE BE JUGE IN GAGE OF BATAILL, AND NAMELY, SEN GOVERNAUNCE WAS LEFT TILL HIR. AND SUPPOS IT HAD NOCHT BENE SPECIALY COMMYTTIT TILL HIR, EFTER THE CUSTUM OF THE CONTREE ONY WOMMAN MAY BE JUGE IN HIR AWIN LORDSCHIPPIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE, GIF THAT THE QUENE JOUNELLE OF NAPPLES MICHT RYCHTWISLY AFFAILE THE KING LOWIS OF CICILE. AND AS TO THIS MATER, WE AR CUMMYN NOCHT ANERLY FOR THE DECLARACIOUN OF THIS WERE BE LANGAND QUENE JOUNELLE. FOR SUM OF THE WYS MEN OF THE COUNSALE OF PROVENCE SAIS THAT THE SAID QUENE JOHANNE MYCHT NOCHT PUT BY THE LYNE OF THE SUCCESSIOUN FRA THE RYCHT AIRIS TO THE KING LOWIS. AND THARFORE, FIRST OF ALL, WE MON SE AND CONSIDER QUHETHIR THE DIGNITEE

ROYAL MAY CUM BE SUCCESSIOUN TO WOMMEN, AND THARBY MAY WE WIT QUHETHIR THE SUCCESSIOUN OF THE REALME OF NAPPLES MAY CUM TO THE QUENE JOUNELLE, AND IN THAT GUF SCHO MYCHT LEFULLY * THE KING LOWIS BE THAT RYCHT. BOT AS OF THIS MATER, WE AR OUT OF WERE OF FRAUNCE, FOR THE OPYNIOUN OF THOLOMIEN. EFTER THE DECESS OF KING PHILIPPE OF FRAUNCE, IT WAS DETERMYNIT BE HALE CONSENT AND DETERMINACIOUN OF THE REALME, THAT NEVER WOMEN SULD SUCCEDE TO THE RYALTEE OF FRAUNCE. AND THARFOR SEND THAI OUT OF FRAUNCE FER OF TO FECHE HAME CONTE PHILIPPE OF VALOIS TO BE KING, BE CAUS THAT HE WAS NEREST OF THE LIGNIE MALE OF THE BLUDE RYALL OF FRAUNCE, AND EXCLUDIT THE KINGIS AWIN SISTER OF FRAUNCE, QUHILK WAS QUENE OF INGLAND, AND HIR (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BARNIS. BOT AS OF OURE REALME OF NAPPLEIS, THARE IS MARE REGARDE, FOR THE REALME OF FRAUNCE IS NOCHT SUBJECT TO NA MAN IN THIS ERDE, BOT GOVERNIS BE NATURE, AND THE REALME OF NAPPLES IS HALDIN PROPERLY OF THE PAPE, AND OF HALY KIRK, AS OF THE VERRAY PATRIMMOYNE OF THE PAPE, AND THE CHEF TILL IT IS SANCT PETIR AND SANCT PAULE. AND IS AY GOVERNYT BE CONDICIOUNS, THE QUHILKIS IS FOUNDIN IN WRITTIS OFF ALDE STORIES, THAT QUHAT EVER HE BE THAT IS KING OF NAPPLES MON IN HIS BEGYNNING MAK SPECIALE AITH AND OBLISSING TO THE PAPE AS SPECALE LORD SOVERANE TILL HIM, TO KEPE ALL CONDICIOUNS AND COVENANTIS THAT WAS WOUNT TO BE KEPIT TILL HIM AS HEDE AND SOVERANE. AND THUS IS THE PAPE FULL LORD AND SOVERANE PRINCE OF NAPPLEIS, BATHE IN SPIRITUALITEE AND IN TEMPORALITEE. THAN MAY THE PAPE, AND HE WILL, GEVE GUDE CONSENT TO THE QUENE JOUNELLE, AND GUDE WILL TO PUT THE KING LOWIS IN THE RYCHT LIGNIE OF SUCCESSIOUN OF THE KYNRIKE OF NAPPLES. AND AS TO THE ARGUMENT IN THE CONTRARY, THAI THAT AR ADVERSARIS TO THE SAID KING LOWIS AND QUENE JOUNELLE, IN QUHILK THAI SAY THAT THE LADYES MAY NOCHT BE THE LAWIS AFFAILLS TO THAME NA BARNIS. THAT IS TILL UNDERSTAND, TO TAK AT THAIR PLESAUNCE

A CHILDE, AND MAK HIM THAIR AIRE, TAKAND HIM FOR A CONQUEST BAIRN, QUHEN THAI HAVE NANE OF THAIR AWIN GENERACIOUN, QUHILK IS CALLIT IN THE LAWIS ADOPCIOUN, THAT IS TO SAY, NERE THAREBY, FOR FAULT OF LANGUAGE, A CONQUEST BARNE BE FAVOUR AND LUFERENT, QUHILK THAI ALLEGE A LADY MAY NOCHT BE THE LAWIS MAK TILL HIR. BOT THIS ARGUMENT IS LYTILL GUDE WORTH TO BYND THE PAPE BE THE EMPEROURIS LAWIS, TO QUHILKIS HE IS NOCHT SUBJECT. FOR NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT, BE THE LAW CIVILE, A LADY MAY NOCHT MAK A TENNAND OF HIR AUCTORITEE TILL HIR SOVERANE BUT HIS LEVE, OR ELLIS SCHO FORFETTIS TILL HIM, ZIT NOCHT THAN THE PAPE, QUHILK GOVERNIS BE THE LAWIS OF GOD AND HALY KIRK, MAY GEVE CONSENT TO MAK QUHAM HYM LYKIS, SEN HE IS SOVERANE LORD BATHE IN SPIRITUALITEE AND TEMPORALITEE, AND MAY DISPENS WITH THE PARTY. FOR ALL LAWIS AR TILL HIM OPYN, TO BYND AND LOUS AT HIS WILL, AND IT IS BOT OF PERMISSION AND THOLAUNCE THAT HE THOLIS MONY POYNTIS TO BE DONE IN THE EMPEROURIS LAWIS, ( ETC ) BOT ZIT, THARE IS ANE OTHIR ARGUMENT THAT THE PARTY CONTRAIR THINKIS MARE STARK, AS THUS: THAI WAR THAI TYMES IN WERE OF TWA ELECTIOUNS QUHA SULD BE PAPE, SUM SAID PAPE CLEMENT, SUM JOHNNE. BOT THAI GRAUNT WELE THAT EFTER THE DECESS OF THE TWA SISTERIS, LADYES OF DURAS, AND OF ARTALIS, THE PAPE, QUHASA BE PAPE IN THE TYME, MAY GEVE THE RICHTIS OF THAI TWA SISTERIS TO QUHAM HIM LIST, OR TO KING LOWIS GYF HIM LYKIS. BOT TO THIS ARGUMENT THARE IS A GUDE ANSUERE, FOR HAD THE MODER BENE DEDE - THE QUENE JOUNELLE, THAN MYCHT THIS RESOUN HAVE HAD FETE TO STAND ON. BOT SEN THE QUENE WAS ON LYVE, AND IN LEGE POUSTEE, THIS ARGUMENT HAS NA FOUNDEMENT. FOR QUHEN THE QUENE JOUNELLE SAW THE FALS FEYNED TRAISOUNS OF THAI TWA LADIES HOUSBANDIS, LORDIS OF DURAS, AND OF ARTAIS, THE QUHILKIS WALD AVOW A FALS PAPE, AND MAK THAIR ADOPCIOUN BE HIM, WITH HIS CONSENT THAT WAS NOCHT RYCHT PAPE, BOT IT IS WELE KEND THAT QUENE JOHNNET,

QUHILK HELDE OF THE RYCHT PAPE CLEMENT, GERT DECLARE THAME AS ERRATYKIS AND TRAYTOURIS SCISMATYKIS, AND UNDO ALL THAT WAS WROCHT AGANIS HIR. AND MAID NEW ADOPCIOUN BE THE VERRAY PAPE CLEMENT, QUHILK WAS FOUNDYN TRAIST, TREW AND FAITHFULL, BE THE QUHILK SCHO GERT GEVE HIM, BE THE VERRAY PAPE CLEMENT, ALL THE RYCHTIS OF THE SAID REALME, AND GERT THE PAPE DEPRIVE THAME OF ALL THE RYCHTIS AND COLOURE OF RYCHTIS THAT THAI PRETENDIT TO HAVE, FOR EVERMORE, BATHE HIM AND HIR, AND ALL OTHIR THAT PRETENDIT TO HAVE RYCHT IN THE SAID REALME. AND SUTHE IS, AND WELE IS KEND THAT THE PAPE CLEMENT WAS THAN VERRAY PAPE. AND THE SAID QUENE JOUNELLE WAS DECLARIT OF HIS OBEDIENCE OF LANG TYME BUT VARYING. AND AS OF PROVENCE, THARE WAS NEVER DOUT, BOT THAI HELP EVER WITH THE RYCHTWIS PAPE. AND SEN, THAT REALME IS GOVERNYT BE CONDICIOUNS OF THE PAPE, AND UNDER HIS OBEDIENCE, AND THARFORE, FOR DOUT THAT THE REALME SULD BE MYSGOVERNYT, THE PAPE HASTIT TO MAK PROVISIOUN OF A KING, FOR THE GOVERNAUNCE OF WOMMEN BUT MEN CUMMYS OFT TYMES TO CONFUSIOUN. AND ZIT WE SULD NOCHT ANERLY WILL THAT THE PAPE SULD SE FOR HASTY PROVISIOUN, AND REMEDE OF MISGOVERNAUNCE OF REALMES SUBJECT TO HIM, BOT ALSWA OF ALL REALMES AND REGIOUNS IN CRISTYNDOME HE SULD HELP TILL AMEND THE GOVERNAUNCE, QUHEN NEDE WAR, AND TO REFORME DEDELY SYN AND VICIS, AND MAIST SPECIALY APON THE EMPIRE, QUHILK FOR CAUS HE MAY CHANGE AT HIS WILL. BOT TREWLY, AS TO THE SUCCESSIOUN THAT THE PAPE HAS MAID WITH THE CONSENT OF THE QUENE JOWNELLE, I TRAIST IT BE BATHE LELE AND LAUFFULL, HALY AND JUST, AND SALL TAK GUDE INCREMENT AND MAK GRACIOUS END, GOD WILLAND, ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF IT BE LEUFULL AND LAUFULL TO VAGE BATAILL IN LISSIS, AS QUHEN A MAN APPELLIS ANE OTHIR OF BATAILL IN LISSIS, THAT IS TO SAY IN BARRERIS. (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG)

AND BE CAUS THIS MATER IS RYCHT DOUTOUS TO KNAUE, FOR PERILE OF THE SAULE BEHUFE, IT IS SPEDEFULL AND RYCHT PROFFITABLE THAT IT BE DECLARIT TILL IGNORAUNT MEN THAT AR NOCHT EXPERT IN THE LAWIS, FOR THE GRETTEST CLERKIS AR IN GRETE DOUT AND QUESTIOUN IN THAT MATER. AND THARFORE I WILL SETT ME TILL ENQUERE ALL THE CAS THAT LAW LEVIS GAGE OF BATAILL IN. BOT BEFORE OR I SCHAW THIR CASIS, I WILL FIRST PROVE OPYNLY THAT GAGE OF BATAILLE BE ALL LAWIS IS FORBEDYN EXPRESSELY, BATHE IN GODDIS LAW AND MANNIS LAWE, IN COMMOUN LAWE AND CANOUN LAWE, AND ALS, BE GUDE RESOUN NATURALE, QUHILK IS CALLIT LAWE OF NATURE, AND ALS, BE THE LAW CIVILE TO GEVE GAGE OF BATAILL OR TO TAK. AND FOR SIK QUERELE, TO FECHT IS A THING CONDAMPNYT BATHE AND REPROVIT BE ALL LAWIS. AND FIRST AND FORMAST, I PREVE IT BE RESOUN NATURALE. FOR GAGE OF BATAILL CUMMYS AY OF FORETHOCHT FELOUNY. BOT NATURALY ALL MANER OF CREATURE NATURALE HAS A PASSIOUN OF NATURE THAT IS CALLIT THE FIRST MOVEMENT, THAT IS, QUHEN A MAN OR BESTE IS SUDAYNLY STERT, THAIR NATURALE INCLINACIOUN GEVIS THAME OF THAIR COMPLEXIOUN TO A BRETHE, AND A SUDAYN HETE OF IRE OF VENGEANCE QUHILK EFTERWART STANCHIS EFTER THAT HETE. BOT BATAILL TAKING CUMIS OF LANG FORSET AND FORETHOCHT PURPOS OF MALICE THAT IS NOCHT NATURALE TO MAN. ITEM IT IS A THING REPROVIT OF GOD AND OF HIS LAWIS, AND CONDAMPNYT. FOR QUHY, ALL THING THAT MEN TEMPTIS GOD THROU IS CONDAMPNYT BE THEOLOGYE, AS SAIS SALAMON ( INVENITUR AB HIIS QUI NON TEMPTANT ILLUM, ) ITEM, ( ACHAS PETE TIBI SIGNUM A DOMINO DEO TUO IN PROFUNDUM AUT IN EXCELSUM, ET DIXIT ACHAS NON PETAM, ET NON TEMPTABO DOMINUM ) THUS, SEN IT IS CONDAMPNYT OF GODDIS LAW, QUHY SULD IT BE THOLIT? FOR THE MEN WENYS THAT GOD, FOR THAIR CRABITNES, WILL HELP TO SAVE THE MAN THAT HAS GUDE RYCHT AGAYN THE TOTHIR, AND GER HIM WYN, AND THAT IS AGAYNE THE HALY SCRIPTURE. FOR HE SAIS EXPRESSELY, HE WILL NOCHT THE DEDE OF THE SYNFULL MAN, BOT ERAR THAT HE LYVE, AND

MEND HIS LYF. THAN IS NOCHT TO PRESUME THAT HE WILL DO AGAIN HIS SAWE. FOR IT IS CONDAMPNYT BE ALL LAWIS TO INQUERE BE EXPERIENCE QUHAT GOD WILL DO TILL A SYNFULL MAN. AND, ALS THE HALY SCRIPTURE SAIS, THAT THE IRE OF MAN SCHAWIS NOCHT THE RYCHTWIS JUGEMENT OF GOD. ITEM, IT IS ZIT MARE AGAYN NATURE, FOR OFT TYMES THE STARKARE HAS THE WRANG, AND PUTTIS THE WAYKAR TO THE WER. FOR IT IS AGAYNE NATURE THAT THE WAYKARE WAN THE STARKARE. ALS IT WAR ALSMEKLE TO SAY THAT GOD SULD FOR MANNIS QUERELE SCHAW THE RYCHT, AS GOD SULD AT SYNFULL MANNIS REQUEST KYTHE MIRACLE, AND THAT IS OPYN TEMPTING OF GOD, THE QUHILK IS AGAIN GODDIS LAWE. AND THAT IT IS AGANIS MANNIS LAWE I SALL PREVE. FOR MANNIS LAWE WILL NEVER CONSENT THAT ANE INNOCENT BE PUNYST, AND ANE THAT IS CULPABLE PAS UNPUNYST FOR THAT WARE AGAIN ALL GUDE FAITH, QUHILK IS THE FOUNDEMENT OF MANNYS LAWE. ITEM, BE THE LAW CIVILE I SALL PREVE THAT IT IS CONDAMPNYT. FOR THE LAWE CIVILE SAIS, THAT NA MAN SULD BE JUGE IN HIS AWIN CAUSE, FOR THAN WAR HE BATHE JUGE AND PARTY, QUHILK IS EXPRESS AGAYNE ALL LAWIS BATHE CIVILE AN CANOUN. ALSSUA, IT IS FORBODYN BE THE LAWE, THAT ONY MAN SULD BE WITNES IN HIS AWIN CAUSE, THE QUHILK HE INGERIS HIM TO BE THAT WAGIS BATAILL, SEN HIS AWIN PERSONE IS A PRUF, AND LAW CIVILE HAS ORDANYT ALL FOLK TO MOVE PLEDE FOR THAIR ACCIOUN, AND TO LEDE SUFFICIENT PROVIS THAREAPON, ANE OR TWA OTHERIS NA HIMSELF OF UNSUSPECT LAUFULL WITNES. AND THUS IS IT CLERE THAT IT IS AGAIN THE LAW CIVILE. BOT THAT IT IS AGANIS THE LAW CANOUN OF HALY KIRK I SALL WELE PREVE, FOR QUHY, THE LAW CANOUNE BIDDIS US LYVE BE THE ORDYNAUNCE AND COMMANDEMENT OF HALY KIRK, AND NOCHT EXCEDE THAT COMMANDEMENT, AND OF OURE HALY FADER THE PAPE OF ROME. BOT OURE HALY FADER AND HIS LAWIS REPRUFIS AND CONDAMPNIS ALL PURGACIOUN VULGARE, THAT IS TO SAY BE FYRE, OR WATERE, OR BLUDE, AND EXPRESSELY CONDAMPNIS AND FORBIDIS THAT MANERIS OF PROVIS, OF BATAILLIS

IN LISS OR JUSTIS OF WERE, FORBEDAND THAT NEVER BE THAT FORME MEN SULD PROCEDE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, IN HOW MONY SYNDRY CASIS LAW THOLIS VAGEING OF BATAILL, SEN IT IS PLAYNLY PROVIT THAT BE ALL LAWIS, BATHE GODDIS LAW AND MANNIS LAW CANOUN LAWE, CIVILE LAW AND NATURALE LAWE IT IS A THING CONDAMPNYT AND REPROVIT TO VAGE BATAILL. THAN WILL HE SCHAW IN HOW MONY MANERIS THAT THE WARLD HAS ORDANYT BE THAIR US AND CUSTUM THAT IS ALL CONTRARY TILL (MARG) ( PRIMUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) ALL THIR FORESAID LAWIS, HOW THAI DEVISIT AND ORDANYT CERTANE CASIS THE QUHILKIS THE LAW THOLIS, BOT NOCHT LEVIS MEN AT THE PLESAUNCE OF PRINCIS AND THAIR APPETITE OF THAIR CURAGIS TO WAGE BATAILLIS. AND AS TO THAT I HAVE HERD THE DOCTOURIS, AND I FYND BOT FEW OF ANCIENE LAWIS OF EMPEROURIS, THAT PUTTIS BOT TWA CASIS. THE FIRST IS, THAT, GIF THE KINGIS OF FRAUNCE AND INGLAND HAD MAID PES TOGEDIR, AND THARE HAD A FRANCHE MAN SLAYNE ANE INGLIS MAN, IN THE TYME OF PES, EFTER IT WAR WELE AND CLERELY KNAWIN TILL ALL MEN, AND HE WAR SUMMOND AT INSTAUNCE OF PARTY BEFORE THE KING, AND THE FRANCHE MAN ALLEGIT THAT HE DID IT IN HIS DEFENCE, AND THARE WAR NA PROVIS OTHIR NA HIM SELF, THE LAWE IN THIS CAS LEVIS BATAILL TO BE GAGIT THAREAPON. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXII ) (END OF MARG) ANE OTHIR CAS IS, GIF A MAN OF A KINGIS HAD WOUNDIT ANE OTHIR UNDER TREWIS MAID BETUIX KINGIS, AND HE WALD ALLEGE THAT HE DID IT IN HIS DEFENS, RYCHT SA SULD IT BE (MARG) ( SECUNDUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) THOLIT, GIF IT MYCHT BE ON NA WYS OTHIR WAYIS PROVIT. AND TREULY THIR AR ALL THE CASIS THAT OURE MAISTERIS THE DOCTOURIS SCHAWIS IN THE LAWIS OF EMPEROURIS. AND ZIT AR THIR CALLIT THE LAWIS OF THE EMPEROURE FREDERYK. BOT ZIT IS THARE OTHIR LAWIS CALLIT LAWIS EXTRAVAGANIS, THAT IS FOR TO SAY LAWIS VAGABOUNDIS, THAT AR NOCHT INCORPORIT IN OTHIR BUKIS OF LAWIS OF LOMBARDY, THE QUHILKIS AR CALLIT LAWIS LOMBARDES, THE QUHILKIS US IN THAT CONTREIS, AND OTHERIS EFTERWART TAKIS THE CUSTUMES FRA THAME, QUHILKIS

PUTTIS MONY OTHERIS CASIS IN QUHILKIS MEN MAY WAGE BATAILL IN LISSIS BE THAIR CUSTUMES, AND SA ENTER IN CLOS BARRIT FELDE OF BATAILL, AS NOW IS USIT BE PRINCIS COMMOUNLY BE US AND CUSTUM, AND NOCHT BE LAWIS, THE QUHILKIS CASIS CUMMYS EFTERWART, ILKANE SEVERALY BE THAME SELF. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE PUTTIS THE DOCTOUR THE THRID CAS IN THE QUHILK LAWIS THOLIS BATAILL IN LISSIS, AS GIF A MAN CUMMYS BEFORE (MARG) ( TERTIUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) HIS PRINCE, SAYAND ON HIS FALOWE, THAT WAS SETT FOR HIS UNDOYNG AND SLAUCHTER, AND THAT SALL HE PREVE ON HIM, TELLAND THE MANER HOW HE WALD HAVE POYSOUNDE HIM, OR OTHIR WAYIS BE SUBTILITEE PUT HIM TO DEDE, AND NANE WATE IT BOT HE HIMSELF, NA MAY NOCHT OTHIR PROVIS GETT AS TO THAT MATER: BE THAI CUSTUMES HE AW TO DEFEND HIS QUERELE BE GAGE OF BATAILL, AND ENTER IN CLOS BARRERIS AS CUSTUME IS ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXIV ) (END OF MARG) HERE PUTTIS THE DOCTOUR THE FERDE CAS IN THE QUHILK BATAILL IN LISTIS IS PERMYTTIT: AS THUS, IN LOMBARDY, MEN THOLIS GAGE OF BATAILL TO PAS GIF A MAN CHALANGIS HIS WYF (MARG) ( QUARTUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) THAT SCHO HAS YMAGYNIT AND DEVISIT HIS DEDE, OUTHIR BE POYSOUN, OR TRESOUN, OR OTHIR SUTELTEE, OR IN SUM SECRETE MANER DEVISIT HIS DEDE, AND ANE OF HIR FRENDIS CUMMYS QUHEN SCHO IS ACCUSIT OF THIS IN JUGEMENT, SAYAND THAT IT IS FALS AND UNTREWE, AND THAT SALL HE DEFEND WITH HIS BODY, FOR THE HONOURE OF THE LADY, OR OTHIR WOMMAN QUHAT EVER SCHO BE, THAT IS AND WAS EVER HALDYN HONOURABLE, AND NA PRUFF THAROF MAY BE HAD. IN THIS CAS THE LAW THOLIS THE LADYES FRENDIS TO APPELLE THE HUSBAND OR OTHIR THAT ACCUSIS HIR OF THIS CRIME MORTALLE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXV ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOURE ANE OTHIR CAS EFTER THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDYE, IN THE QUHILK, LAW THOLIS BOT NOCHT LEVIS BATAILL IN LISTIS BE VAGIT. THAT IS TO SAY, GYF ONY (MARG) ( QUINTUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) MAN HAS SLAYNE ANE OTHIR SECRETELY AND HIDLYNES, THAT NA MAN WATE, BOT BE PRESUMPCIOUN VEHEMENT AND INEVITABLE

AND HE WALD GRAUNT QUHEN HE MYCHT NA FORTHIR, AND SAY HE WALD HAVE SLAYN HIM, AND THAT HE DID IT IN HIS DEFENDAND. THE LAW LEVIS HIM TO DEFEND BE BATAILL IN LISTIS, GIF ONY MAN WILL ACCUS HIM THAROF AND PUT HIS BODY THARFORE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE PUTTIS THE DOCTOUR THE SEXT CAS IN THE QUHILK LAW LOMBARD THOLIS THAT BATAILL BE VAGIT IN LISTIS, THAT IS (MARG) ( SEXTUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) FOR TO SAY, THAT QUHETHIR IT BE IN TYME OF WERE OR PES, OR TREWIS OR NA TREWIS, QUHAT EVER HE BE THAT SLAIS A MAN MURTHERABILY AND SECRETLY, SUPPOS HE SAY HE DID IT IN HIS DEFENS, HE SALBE HERD TO DEFEND HIM BE BATAILL GAGIT IN A CLOS FELDE CALLIT BARRIERIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK THE LAW LOMBARD LEVIS A MAN TO VAGE BATAILL IN (MARG) ( SEPTIMUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) LISTIS, THAT IS FOR TO SAY, THAT GIF ANE MAN SULD BE AIRE TILL ANE OTHIR, AND HAVE THE SUCCESSIOUN OF HIS GUDIS FOR FALT OF NERAR AIRIS OF HIS FRENDSCHIP, AND HE HAD BENE MURDERIT SECRETLY BE ONY WIKKIT MEN. AND MEN HAD HIM SUSPECT OF THE GERRYNG SLA HIM BE HIS MENYS, OR HIS GIFTIS AND HIS COUNSALE, SA THAT THE GUDIS OR HIS HERITAGIS SULD CUM TILL HIM, AND HE WAR ACCUSIT THAROF BE ONY OF THE FRENDSCHIP: HE MYCHT DEFEND HIM BE GAGE OF BATAILL, TO DEFEND HIS IGNORAUNCE AND INNOCENCE OF THAT CRUELL DEDE ( ETC ) (MARG) (CAPITULUM CXVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE PUTTIS THE DOCTOUR THE AUCHTAND CAS IN THE QUHILK LAW LEVIS A MAN TO DEFEND HIM BE BATAILL IN LISTIS, IN THE LANDIS OF LOMBARDYE, AS THUS, GIF A LORD HAS A (MARG) ( OCTAVUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) BONDE MAN THAT IS ACCUSIT OF THIFT THE QUHILK MAY NOCHT BE PROVIT BE OPYN PRUF, GIF THE BONDE MAN WALD, OR HIS LORDE FOR HIM, DEFEND HIS INNOCENCE AND IGNORAUNCE, HE MAY BE THOLIT BE THE LAWIS OF ARMES OF LOMBARDYE TO DEFEND HIM BE GAGE OF BATAILL IN LISTIS.

(MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK THE LAWIS OF ARMES OF LOMBARDY PERMYTTIS AND THOLIS VAGEING OF BATAILL IN LISSIS, AS THUS, GIF A MAN HAS (MARG) ( NONUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) DESPYTE AT ANE OTHIR, AND WALD GLADLY FYND A FAULT TILL HIM OF CRIME FAMOUS, AND AS MEN KENNIS IN THE LANDIS OF LOMBARDYE MEN AR RYCHT JELOUS OF THAIR WYFIS, GIF A MAN WALD ACCUS ANE OTHIR OF THE CRIME OF ADULTERY, QUHILK IS CRIME MORTALL IN THAT CONTREE, TILL HAVE HAUNTIT A MARYTE WOMAN, AND HE WALD PURGE HIM THARE OF HIS INNOCENCE, THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDYE LEVIS HIM TO VAGE BATAILL IN THAT KYNDE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXX ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK MEN MAY VAGE BATAILL IN LISTIS BE THOLAUNCE OF THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDY. AS THUS, GIF A WOMAN BE (MARG) ( DECIMUS CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) SUSPECT OF ADULTERYE SECRETE, AND THAROF WAR ACCUSIT BE HER HOUSBAND, OR ONY OF HIS FRENDIS, AND SUM OTHIR OF HIR FRENDIS WALD TO SAUF HIR HONOUR, GAYNSAY THE CRIME AND PUT HIS BODY THARFORE, THAT KNEWE THE GUDENES AND THE WORTHYNES OF THE WOMAN - OR LADY, OR QUHAT SCHO WAR, THE QUHILKIS AR OFTTYMES BLAMYT FOR ENVY AND DESPYTE, BUT CAUS OF CRIME, MARE NA IS BLAMYT FOR ONY SUTHFAST CRIME, OR CAUS IN DEDE BOT BE SUSPECIOUN. ITEM, GIF THE WOMMAN HAD NEVER BENE MARYTE, NA HAD HUSBAND, ALSWELE IS THE LAWE OPNYT FOR HIR, GIF ONY WALD SETT CRIME ON HIR, SUPPOS THE CHARGE BE NOCHT SA GRETE AS IT IS FOR MARYTE WOMEN, GIF ONY FRENDE ON HIR BEHALF WALDE DEFEND HIR HONOUR, BE THE LAW LOMBARD, HE SALBE THOLIT TO VAGE BATAILL TO DEFEND HIR HONOUR. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXI ) (END OF MARG) AND ZIT FORTHIRMARE PUTTIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK THE LAW LOMBARD PERMYTTIS AND THOLIS A MAN VAGE BATAILL IN LISTIS. AS THUS, GIF A MAN HAD TANE (MARG)(UNDECIMUS CASUS BELLI)(END OF MARG) POSSESSION OF ONY GUDE MOBLE OR UNMOBLE, AND BENE IN PESABLE POSSESSIOUN ( XXX ) ZERIS, AND EFTER THAT, A MAN

WALD SAY THAT HE HAD OPTENYT THAT GUDE BE A FALS WIKKIT MANER, AND UNLEFULLY, ANDE THAR APON WILL CAST HIS GAGE OF BATAILL, BE THAIR LAWIS LOMBARDES HE SULD BE HERD. BOT ALL GODDIS AND MANNIS LAWIS AR IN THE CONTRAR, FOR EFTER ( XXXTQIQ ) ZERIS HE AW NOUTHIR TILL ANSUER BATAILL NA OTHIR PROCESS, FOR THE TYME PRESCRYVIS OF LAWE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXII ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK GAGE OF BATAILLE IS THOLIT BE THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDY. (MARG)(DUODECIMUS CASUS BELLI)(END OF MARG) AS GIF TWA MEN HAS A DEBATE TOGEDER, AND THE TANE OF THAME PRODUCIS HIS WITNES, ANDE THAI DEPONIS, AND THE TOTHIR PRODUCIS THE SAMYN WITNES, AND THAI DEPONE, AND IN THAIR DEPOSICIOUNS AR FUNDYN VARIABLE ONY OF THAME, FOR FAVOUR OR FEDE, OR AW OR MEDE, AND ONY OF THE TOTHIR WITNES WILL APPELLE HIM THAT VARYIS OF BATAILL, HE IS THOLIT THARTO. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK THE LAWE LEVIS BATAILL TO BE VAGIT BE THE CUSTUMES (MARG) ( XIIJUQSQ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) OF LOMBARDY. AS THUS, GIF A MAN CUMMYS TILL A MERCHAND THAT IS MYCHTY AND ZONG, AND SAIS HIM THAT HIS FADER AUCHT HIM A THOUSAND NOBLEIS, OR OTHIR GRETE SOUME OF GOLD, AND THAT HE IS HIS HERITAIR, AND HAS HIS GUDIS AND HIS RICHESS, SAYAND ALSSUA THAT HE HAS TYNT HIS EVIDENCIS AND OBLIGACIOUNS, AND HE DENY IT, THE TOTHIR SALBE HERD AND THOLIT BE THE CUSTUMES TO VAGE BATAILL ON HIM, (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXIV ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS IN QUHILK GAGE OF BATAILL IS THOLIT BE THE CUSTUMES OF THE SAID (MARG) ( XIIIJUQSQ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) LOMBARDY. AS THUS, GIF ONY MAN WALD SAY ON ANE OTHIR THAT HE HAD PRIVELY PUT FYRE BE A FYRE BALL OR OTHIR WAYIS, IN HIS HOUS IN THE CONTRE, AS GRANGIS BERNIS OR STAKKIS OF CORNE, OR HAY OR WOD OR OTHIR THINGIS, AND HE DENY IT, THE TOTHIR MAY MAK APPELLACIOUN.

(MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXV ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK BE THE SAID CUSTUMES OF LOMBARDY IT IS THOLIT TO VAGE BATAILL IN LISTIS. AS THUS, GIF A MAN HAS DESPYTE (MARG) ( XVTQUQSQ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) AT HIS WYF, FOR HATERENT OF HIR, OR LUFERENT OF ANE OTHIR, AND HE WALD WYN FRA HIR HIR DOWAR, AND HE PROPONE AGANIS HIR, OR GER ACCUS HIR OF ONY CRIME OF ADULTRY, AND SCHO WALD SAVE HIR HONOUR AND PURGE HIR THAROF, HIR FRENDIS THAT LUFIS HIR AND KENNIS THE GUDENES AND THE WORTHYNES OF HIR PERSONE MAY VAGE BATAILL FOR HIR INNOCENCE AND SALBE HERD ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXVI ) (END OF MARG) AND ZIT THE LAWIS OF ARMES OF LOMBARDY THOLIS VAGE BATAILL IN ANE OTHIR CAS. AS THUS, GIF A MAN ACCUSIS ANE OTHIR THAT, FOR DESPYTE AND EVILL WILL, AND VILANY, (MARG) ( XVJ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) HE HAS FUNDYN THE WAY TO LY WITH HIS WYF AGAYN HIR WILL TO DEFOULE HIR AND SCHAME HIR. AND ONY OF HIR BRETHIR OR OTHIR FRENDIS OR CONSINGIS WILL SETT THAIR BODY THAREFORE, THAI SALBE HERD AND ADMYTTIT BE SAMYN CUSTUMES. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXVII ) (END OF MARG) AND ZIT IS THAIR ANE OTHIR CAS IN THE QUHILK THE LAW LOMBARDE THOLIS BATAILL IN LISTIS BE VAGIT, THAT IS FOR TO SAY THAT, GIF A MAN HATIS ANE OTHIR, AND SAIS THAT HE IS (MARG) ( XVIJ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) MANESUORNE, AND BE THAT WALD MAK HIM UNHABLE TO STAND IN PRUF NA WITNES, GIF HE OR ONY OF HIS WALD DEFEND HIS HONOUR AND SCHAW HIS INNOCENCE, HE SALBE THOLIT BE THE SAID CUSTUMES. (MARG) ( XVIIJUQSQ CASUS BELLI ) (END OF MARG) AND ZIT ANE OTHIR CAS IN QUHILK LAW LOMBARD THOLIS BATAILL IN LISTIS. AS THUS, GIF A MAN SAIS TILL ANE OTHIR THAT HE WAS IN LAWFULL POSSESSIOUN OF ONY THING, AND THAT THE TOTHIR HAD EVILL AND FALSLY PUT HIM FURTH OF HIS POSSESSIOUN, AND THE TOTHIR SAIS THAT HE HAD THE SAID POSSESSIOUN BEFORE HIM OF THE SAID THING, AND THAT WILL HE DEFEND, SAYAND THAT HE HAD POSSESSIOUN BEFORE HIM AND THAT HE PUT HIM OUT EVILL AND FALSLY OF HIS

POSSESSIOUN, THAI SALBE BATHE HERD AND THOLIT BE THE LAWIS OF LOMBARDY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR HOW THAT THE BATAILLIS IN BARRIERIS AR NOCHT AY DONE BE THE PRINCIPALE PERSONIS, (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BOT BE THAIR DEPUTIS, SOULDIOURIS, OR CAMPIONIS. AS THUS, IT IS ETHER TO WIT THAT MONY OF SIK BATAILLIS PARTICULERIS AR NOCHT AY MAIDE BE THE PRINCIPALE PARTIS CONTRAIRIS. FOR QUHY THARE IS SUM TYME CERTANE RESOUN, AND CAUS RESONABLE, THAT EXCUSIS THE PARTIS TO NOCHT DO THE BATAILLIS BE THAIR AWIN PERSONIS, AS GIF A MAN WAR OUR ZONG, WITHIN ELDE OF TUTRY AND CURATRYE IN WARDE. ALSSUA, ALL PERSONES OF DIGNITEE SULD PUT A CAMPIOUN FOR THAME, OR A MAN PAST GRETE AGE THAT FOR ELDE WAR EXCUSIT, OR ELLIS THAT A MAN WAR SEKE THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT BERE ARMES, OR GIF A MAN WALD ALLEGE CUSTUM OF CONTREE THAT HE MYCHT PUT A CAMPIOUN FOR HIM, OR GIF A FULE MAN WALD OURTHRAW A WOMAN, OR GIF A BONDE MAN WALD ALLEGE THAT HIS LORD HAD FRED HIM, AND THARTO WALD OFFER HIS PERSONE TO FECHT WITH HIS AWIN LORD, HE SALL NOCHT BE HERD AGANIS HIM, SUPPOS HE WALD VAGE BATAILL, SAYAND THAT OF ALL BONDAGE AND THRALDOME HE HAD FRED HIM, AND HAD NANE OTHIR WITNES BOT HIS PERSONE, BOT HE SULD PUT A CAMPIOUN FOR HIM SIK AS EFFERIT. ITEM, A CLERK, AND HE WAR APPELIT IN BATAILL, HE AW NOCHT TILL ANSUERE IN PERSONE, NA ZIT BE A CAMPIOUN, BOT AT HIS AWIN LIST. FOR THE LAWIS CANOUN AR ALL IN THE CONTRAIR, AND THEOLOGYE, THAT, SUPPOS HE WALD, THAI WILL NOCHT THOLE HIM. FOR SUPPOS HE WAR SA FULE HARDY THAT HE WALD SETT ON AVENTURE, THE PRELATE ORDINARE WALD CURS HIM, AND DEPRIVE HIM BATHE OF OFFICE AND BENEFICIS. AND ZIT MON WE WELE UNDERSTAND IN QUHAT NATURE CUMMYS THIR PARTICULERE BATAILLIS. FOR IT IS CLERE THING TILL UNDERSTAND THAT THAI SCHAW A FIGURE EFTER THE NATURE OF JUGEMENT. FOR AS JUGEMENT IS DONE BEFORE A JUGE BE A PROVOUR AND A DEFENDOUR AND WITNES, SA

IS THE BATAILL IN LISTIS. FOR THE WITNES AR THE WAPNIS, AND ARMOURIS, AND GRETE STRAKIS QUHILL ANE BE DOUNE. AND THAT MAN PROVIS BEST HIS CAUS, FOR HIS WITNES IS APPROVIT BE THE GRETE JUGE, IN QUHAT KYNDE GOD WATE. BOT SYNE CUMMYS THE SENTENCE THAT IS TERRIBLE FOR THE TANE. AND ZIT AS LANGAND ANE ERLE, AND HE BE APPELIT OF BATAILL, HE AW NOCHT TILL ANSUERE IN PERSONE, BOT HE SALL ANSUERE BE A CAMPIOUN IN HIS STEDE, AND FECHT IN FELDE FOR HIM, WITH HIM THAT CLAMYS HIM OR APPELIS HIM. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHETHIR THE CAMPIOUNS IN FELDE FECHTAND SULD MAK ANE ATHE, AND GIF THAI SULD SUERE ANE ATHE, IN QUHAT KYNDE OR MANER THAI SULD SUERE, AND IN QUHAT FORME. AND AS BE THE FIRST ADVYS, HE HALDIS THAT THAI AW NOCHT TO SUERE. FOR QUHY IT THAT THE MARE MAY NOCHT DO, IT IS TO PRESUME THAT THE LESSE MAY NOCHT DO THAT, AS WE FYND NOCHT IN NA WRITTIS, THAT BATAILLIS GENERALES BETUIX TWA KINGIS MAKIS NANE ATHE, QUHARFOR THAN SULD THIR BATAILLIS PARTICULERIS MAK ONY ATH? BOT THIS ARGUMENT IS BOT LYTILL WORTH, FOR THE TANE IS GENERALE, AND ILKE MAN IN GENERALE MAY NOCHT BE CHARGIT WITH ATHE, NA NOCHT ILKE MAN KNAWIS NOCHT THE FOUNDEMENT NA THE PROVES, FOR SIK WERE IS ORDANYT BE COUNSALE, AND JUGIT BE KINGIS TO BE MAID THAT TAKIS THE WERIS ON THAIR CONSCIENCE, AND THAT IS GRETE ATHE YNOUCHE. ITEM, BATAILL PARTICULERE IS AY FOR HID CAUS THAT MAY NOCHT BE KYD OPYNLY. FOR AND IT WAR KEND, THAT NEDIT THARE NA BATAILL. AND THARFORE GER THAI THE PARTIES SUERE, THAT THAI MAY BE KEND WENAND THAME SELF TILL HAVE RYCHTWIS CAUS AND QUERELE. AND THIS IS CALLIT IN LAWIS OF LOMBARDY THE JUREMENT OF CALUMPNY, THAT IS GEVIN IN THE ENTREE OF ALL PLEDIS. FOR THE PROVOUR SUERIS THAT HE TRAISTIS THAT HE HAS RYCHTWIS CAUS. AND THE TOTHIR SUERIS THAT HE TROWIS TILL HAVE RYCHT DEFENS. AND RYCHT IN THE SAMYN WIS DOIS MEN IN BATAILL CLOSIT. BOT THARE IS SUTELTEE AND MANER TO TAK THIS

JUREMENT. FOR GIF A MAN PROPONIS AGANIS ANE OTHIR THAT HE HAS SLAYN HIS FADER, HE SULD SUERE BE HIS ATHE THAT IT IS SA SUTHELY, BE ALDE DOCTOURIS. BOT, BE THE OPYNIOUN OF THE DOCTOURIS OURE MAISTERIS MODERNIS, IT IS NOCHT SA UNDERSTANDIN NOW. BOT IT MAY SUFFICE TO SAY, BE HIS LAUTEE, AND BE THE ATH OF HIS BODY, AND BE THE SAYNTIS OF GOD, I WENE I HAVE RYCHTWIS QUERELE AGANIS THE, FOR I TRAIST THOU HAS SLAYN OUTHIR FADER, BROTHIR OR COUSING. BOT AND A MAN SAID TILL ANE OTHIR, I HAVE GRETE SUSPICIOUN AGANIS THE, THAT THOU SLEWE MY FADER, BRODER OR COUSYNG, OR THAT THOU HAS DEFOULIT MY BED WITH MY SPOUSIT WYF, AND THAT SALL I PREVE APON THE, AS LAW OF ARMES WILL. THAN SULD HE NOCHT MAK HIS ATHE SAYAND HE WATE IT WELE. BOT HE SULD SAY HE TRAISTIS FERMLY IT BE SA, NA HE SULD NOCHT SUERE THAT HE HAS JUST CAUS AGANIS HIM, FOR THAT QUERELE OF SUSPICIOUN THAT HE HAS AGANIS HIM. BOT HE SULD SAY BEFORE THE PRINCE, THAT HE TRAISTIS THAT HE HAS GUDE QUERELE, AND NAMAND THE CAUS. BOT THE PRINCE OR JUGE SULD BE WELE AVISIT IN THAT MATER, FOR GIF THE PROVOUR ALLEGIS THAT HIS FADER OR HIS FRENDE HAD BENE SLAYN SIK A DAY, OR SIK A NYCHT, IN SIK A PLACE, AND THE DEFENDOUR MYCHT PREVE BE SUFFICIENT WITNES THAT HE WAS THAT DAY IN ANE OTHIR PLACE FERR FRA THYNE, HIS APPELLACIOUN WAR OF NA VALOUR, FOR IT WAR INPOSSIBLE TILL HIM TO BE IN TWA PLACIS. AND ALSSUA ALL PRINCIS AND JUGIS OF BATAILLE SULD BE WELE AVISIT AND WELE COUNSAILIT IN QUHAT KYNDE THAI GEVE BATAILL IN LISTIS THOLAUNCE TO PAS. FOR GIF THAI GEVE LEVE OF BATAILL TILL FULIS AND SOTTIS THAT FOR A LYCHT CAUS, BOT ONY RESOUN OR RYCHT, OR JUST CAUS QUHARFORE BATAILL IS THOLIT, IT IS A GRETE LAK TO THAME. FOR THAI SULD NOCHT ADMYTT ILKE FOULE CAUS THAT UNKNAWAND MEN WALD FOR LYTILL EVIN ALLEGE, FOR FEDE OR DESPYTE, ENVYE OR FOR MEDE, OR OTHIR CAUS OF LYCHT EVYN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN PAST THE DATE OF AGE MYCHT PUT LEFULLY A CAMPIOUN FOR HIM IN FELDE, AND

NOCHT TO FECHT IN PROPRE PERSONE, AS WE HAVE OF BEFORE OF LORDIS AND ALL PERSONIS OF DIGNITEE, HOW THAI MAY PUT CAMPIOUNS FOR THAME, AND OF SYNDRY OTHIR PREVILEGIT PERSONIS. AS, GIF HE MAY SETT ANE FOR HIM, GIF THAT MAN SULD BE QUHAT KYN A MAN THAT HIM LIST AT HIS PLESAUNCE. THE QUHILK CAMPIOUNS AR LYKNYT IN BATAILL OF BARRIERIS AS PROCURATOURIS AR IN PLEDIS AND PROCESS OF JUSTICE ORDINARE, OR AS ADVOCATIS, AND OF THAME BERIS THE FIGURE, THE QUHILK OFFICE OF PROCURATOUR ILKE PERSONE MAY BERE THAT LAW LEVIS EXPRESSELY, AND SA IS IT OF CAMPIOUNS. FOR QUHA EVER LYKIS TO BE A PROCURATOUR, SA THAT HE BE HABLE THARFORE, MAY BE IT, BOT GIF STATUTE OR CUSTUME, OR OTHIR LAWIS OF THE CONTREE GAYNSTAND, AS TO MAK A THEF, OR ANE INFAMYT PERSONE, THE QUHILKIS MAY NOCHT BE CAMPIOUNS. AND THE RESOUN IS, FOR SUPPOS A DEFAMYT MAN WAR VENCUST IN BATAILL, MEN WALD SAY IT WAR NOCHT THE RYCHTWIS QUERELE OF THE TOTHIR PART THAT GERRIS HIM WYN THE FELDE. BOT THE SYN OF THE TOTHIR PART THAT PUTTIS HIM ABAK, AND GERRIS HIM TYNE THE FELDE, THE CAUS AND THE HONOURE. FOR OFTTYMES INNOCENTES HAS SCATHE FOR EVILL COMPANY, AND SA ME THINK THAT ANE INFAMOUS PERSONE SULD NOCHT BE TANE FOR CAMPIOUN. (MARG)(CAPITULUM CXXXV)(END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF CAMPIOUNS MAY FECHT BE THAIR AWIN CONSENT, BUT CLOS FELDE OF BARRIERIS, AND BUT JUGE TO JUGE THE CAUS. AND AS TO THAT MATER, SUPPOS SUM MEN WALD SAY THAT IT MYCHT BE, SEN THE PARTIES AR ACCORDIT THARTO, CERTIS, I SAY, NAY, THAT IT MAY NOCHT BE. FOR BE THE LAWIS WE SAY THAT, IT MAY BE, THAT, BE THE LAW MAY BE. BOT, BE THE LAWE, THE CAS APPERTENIS TO THE PRINCE, BUT ORDYNAUNCE AND LEVE OF QUHAM THE BATAILL MAY NOCHT BE JUGIT NA PERMYTTIT. AND THUS AW THE

LORD TO KEPE THE FELDE, AND SE THAT RYCHT WAR DONE TILL EVERY PART, SEVERALY AND JUNCTLY, EFTER THE DISCRECIOUN OF HIM AND HIS COUNSALE, AND THAT THE PARTIES BE SOURE OF ALL OTHERIS EVILL-WILLARIS THAT TAKIS PART IN THAT CAS. AND QUHEN THAI AR IN FELDE, FRA THE CRY BE MAID, THARE NA MAN SPEKE, NA TAKIN NA SIGNE MAK, UNDIR GRETE PAYNIS, BUT LEVE OF THE PRINCE, THE QUHILK SULD DISCRETLY JUGE AT THE PARTING QUHA HAS THE VICTORY OR THE LYKLYARE, AND SA TO PROCEDE FURTH TO THE CONCLUSIOUN, EFTER THE LAWIS OF ARMES OF THE CONTREE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXXI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A CAMPIOUN BREKIS HIS SUERD, QUHETHIR GIF MEN SULD GEVE HIM ANE OTHIR, AS GIF A MAN WALD INQUERE AMANG MEN OF ARMES GIF GUDE FAITH AND CUSTUM WALD THOLE THAT BE DONE, THE QUHILK BE THE LAWIS OF INGLAND IS A GRETE WERE, AS HE SAIS. BOT AS TO THE MANER OF THE ARMOURIS, I CAN NOCHT SET NA FASSOUN FOR CHANGIS EFTER THE CUSTUMES OF REALMES. BOT AS TO THE WAPNIS, HE SPERIS GIF RESOUN AND GUDE FAITH WALD, QUHEN ANE HAD BROKYN HIS WAPPIN, GIF HE SULD HAVE ANE OTHER, OR GIF HIS WAPPIN SCHOT OUT OF THE BARRIERIS BE ONY

CAS OF AVENTURE. AND, AS BE SEMBLAUNCE, IT SEMYS THAT SA SULD IT BE. AND THE RESOUN QUHY IS FOR, AS WE HAVE SAID BEFORE, THE ARMOURIS AR FIGURIT THE WITNES, AS IN PROCESS OF LAW ORDINARE, BE THE MOYEN OF THE QUHILKIS ILK ANE OF THAME THINKIS TO PROVE HIS ENTENCIOUN, AND QUHA THAT BEST WITNES HAS AND BEST SCHAWIS FOR THE MAISTER BERIS THE PRIS AWAY. AND SEN IT IS SA, IN LAWIS ORDINAIRE, THAT QUHEN I HAVE LED A CERTANE OF WITNES, GIF ME THINK I MISTER MA, I SALL HAVE LEVE TO PRODUCE MA, AY QUHILL TWYS, THRIS OR FOUR TYMES, GIF NEDE BE. AND GIF ANE OF MY PROVIS FAILIS ME IN LISSIS QUHY SULD I NOCHT BE PRIVILEGIT TO BRING ANE OTHIR? AS, GYF MY WAPIN FAILIS, I SULD GER GET ANE OTHIR. BOT AS TO THIS MATER TO ANSUERE, PROPERLY BE RESOUN IT IS NATHING LYKE. FOR GIF THE SUERD OR OTHIR WAPPIN OF THE TA PART FAILIS,OR FALLIS

FRA HIM, OR THAT HIS PARTY ADVERS TAKIS IT FRA HIM OF FORS OR SLYCHT, THROU HIS FOLY OR MISGOVERNAUNCE, IT WAR NA RESOUN HE HAD ANE OTHIR. BOT, AND HIS SUERD FOR SUM ALDE FAULT, OR NEW BEAND, IN THE SELF WAPIN, NOCHT IN HIS DEFAULT, WAR BROKIN IN THE FELDE FECHTAND, ME THINK IT WAR WELE ACCORDAND TO RESOUN THAT HE HAD ANE OTHIR, SEN IT WAS NOCHT FOR MALE ENGYNE. BOT IN SIK CAS, EXTRAVAGANTES THAT COMMYS OF AVENTURE OFT TIME, MEN TAKIS THAME BE US AND CUSTUM ANCIENS OF CONTREIS, AND AS IT SEMYS TO THE PRINCE AND HIS COUNSALE MAIST SPEDEFULL BE RESOUN. (MARG) (CAPITULUM CXXXII) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE,GIF IT BEFALLIS THAT THE JUGE MAY NOCHT GETT BE RYCHT KNAULAGE QUHA HAS THE BETTER QUHA THE UNLYKLIAR ON THE FIRST DAY, FOR SCHORTNES OF TYME, QUHETHIR GIF THAI AW TO CUM AGAYN APON THE MORNE TO FORNYS THE REMAYNAND OF THE BATAILL. AND AS THARETO, TREULY, I SAY, THAT THAI AW TO CUM AGAYNE ON THE MORNE IN THAT CAS, FOR ALL JUSTICE IS SETT WITH CONTINUACIOUNE OF DAIS, FOR THAT IS THE COMMOUN OPYNIOUN OF ALL, BOT GIF THE PRINCE OR HIS JUGE MAK OTHIR APPOYNTMENT OF THAIR ACCORDE, OR CONTYNUACIOUN TILL SUM OTHIR CERTANE DAY EFTERWART. FOR IT IS UNDERSTANDIN IN ALL BATAILL CLOS THAT IT SULD GA TO THE UTTEREST, BOT GIF THE PRINCE PUT HIS POWER BETUIX THE PARTIES BE GRACE, FAVOUR OF ACCORDAUNCE, OR DELAYES, OR ELLIS THAT THE PARTIES OR THE FRENDIS ON AITHIR SYDIS SETT REMEDE OF GUDE ACORDE AND FRENDSCHIP. OR ELLIS THAT THE MANER OF THE BATAILL BE TANE UNDER CERTANE CONDICIOUN OF TAYLLID STRAKIS. BOT IN ALL SIK BATAILLIS MORTALE THE PRINCIS AND THAIR JUGIS SULD BE AY MISERICORDES, AND FULL OF CLEMENCE AND PITEE OF MANIS BLUDE SCHEDDING AND OF PERDICIOUN OF BATHE SAULIS AND LYFIS, THE QUHILKIS IN ALL SYK DEDIS OF ARMES STANDIS IN GRETE WERIS.

HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHILK OF THE TWA CAMPIOUNS, THE PROVOUR OR DEFENDOUR SULD STRYKE THE FIRST STRAKE, SEN THAI AR IN CLOS FELDE, AND BE ORDYNAUNCE OF JUSTICE SULD FEICHT. FOR, AS WE HAVE SAID OF BEFORE THIS, IN OURE OTHIR WERIS OF LAW, THAT THIS BATAILL IN CLOS FELDE IS FIGURIT TO THE SEMBLAUNCE OF A PLEDE THAT IS MAID BEFORE A JUGE ORDYNARE IN A PLEDE HOUS, AND HAS THE PROCURATOURIS AND ADVOCATIS AT THAIR AWIN PLESAUNCE TO SPEKE FOR THAME, AND THAT IN SIK PROCESS THE PROVOUR, THAT IS THE DEMANDOUR THAT MAKIS THE CLAME, SULD SPEKE FIRST AND MAK HIS CLAYME,AND THE TOTHIR SULD ANSUERE HIM. RYCHT SA SULD, BE THE SAMYN MANER, THE DEMANDOUR THAT IS PROVOUR FIRST STRYKE, AND THE DEFENDOUR ANSUERAND HIM AGAYNE, AS THE CAUS REQUERIS, BE ANE OTHIR STRAKE. ITEM, A MARE STARK RESOUN ZIT SALL WE MAK, FOR, AS MEN WATE, HE THAT MAKIS THE DEMAUND AND QUESTIOUN, HE IS THE ASSAILLOUR, AND HE THAT ANSUERIS IS THE DEFENDOUR. NOW GIF HE THAT IS DEFENDOUR STRAKE FIRST, HE GAIS AGAYN THE NATURE OF THE CLAME. FOR THAT WAR NA DEFENS, BOT ERAR ASSAILING. QUHARFORE WE SAY THAT THE DEMAUNDOUR, THAT IS THE PROVOUR, SULD FIRST STRIKE, FOR THARE IS NA DEFENS BOT QUHAR THARE IS FIRST STRAKIS GEVIN. BOT TREULY AS IN MATERIS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT THE RESOUNS AR GUDE AND FAIR, AND THAT MONY OF THE WYS DOCTOURIS HALDIS THIS OPYNIOUN, ZIT ME THINK IN THIS MATER THAT IN ALL CAS IT SULD NOCHT BE SA CONCLUDIT. FOR, BE ALL LAWIS, THE LAW OF NATURE HAS PREROGATYF, AND PREEXCELLENCE. FOR THARE IS NA MAN IN THE WARLD THAT BE NATURALE RESOUN SULD BYDE HIS DEDE, SEAND IT CUM TILL HIM, BOT HE SULD PREVENE IT, AND HE MYCHT. AND SEN A MAN SEIS HIS FA CUM TO GEVE HIM MORTALL WOUNDIS, BOT HE WALD, BE WAY OF NATURALE DEFENCE, PREVENE THE STRAKIS, AND GEVE HIM THE DEDELY STRAKIS FIRST THAT HE SCHAPIS TILL HIM, FOR, AND HE BAID THE STRAKE WILFULLY, PERAVENTURE THE STRAKE MYCHT BE SA GRETE THAT IT WALD BE HIS DEDE. AND ALL MAN IS HALDIN

TO DEFEND HIM AT ALL POWER FRA THE DEDE, BE ALL LAWIS. THARFORE ME THINK HE AW NOCHT TO BYDE THE FIRST STRAKE OF THE DEMANDOUR PROVOUR, FOR IT IS TO SE THAT THE PROVOUR HAS BEGUNNYN HIS CLAME FERR YNOUCHE QUHEN HE HAS FIRST MAID HIS CLAME, GEVYN HIS GAGE, AND CUMMYN BODYN IN FELDE, AND SYNE SCHAPIS HIM STRAKIS IN MANER AND FERE AS HE WALD SLA HIM. FOR AND A MAN OF SUDANE CHANDEMELLAY SAW ANE OTHIR DRAWE HIS WAPPIN AND CUM ON HIM DRYVAND IN FERE OF WERE, IT WAR LYKE AS HE SCHUPE TO SLA HIM. AND SUPPOS THE TOTHIR GAVE HIM THE FIRST STRAKE, AND SLEWE HIM WITH THE FIRST STRAKE, ZIT SULD IT BE CALLIT DIFFENCE, BE GUDE RESOUNE, BE THAME THAT SAWE AND KNEWE THE AVENTURE, SEN HE SCHUPE HIM ON HIM WITH SYK A FERE AND IN SYK MANER. BOT AS TO THE RESOUN IN THE CONTRARYE THAT SAIS THAT, IN JUSTICE ORDINARE, THAT BEFORE A JUGE A MAN SULD MAK HIS CLAYME BE A LIBELL IN WRYTT. TREULY THE LIBELL NA THAI WORDIS AR NOCHT SA PERILOUS TO BIDE AS AR THE STRAKIS OF WAPYN, SUERD, SPERE OR KNYF. QUHAREFORE, SUPPOS HE DREDDE THAME MARE, AND SETT HIM TO PREVENE THAME, HE IS EXCUSIT. FOR MEN SAIS COMMONLY THAT WORD IS AS WYND, BOT DYNT IS AS DEVILL. AND THARFOR QUHEN TWA CAMPIOUNS AR IN CLOS FELDE OF BARRIERIS, AND THE PROCESS BE ALL CUMMYN TO POYNT, REDY TO THE CONCLUSIOUN, AND THE CRYIS BE MAID, AND THAI HAVE SAID ON THE PRINCIS BEHALVE - LAT THAME GA TOGEDER, AND DO THARE DEVOIRE, GOD SCHAW THE RYCHT, THAN ILKE MAN WATE QUHAT HE HAS ADO. AND THAN, GIF ONY OF THAME MAY OUR HIS FALOW, BE ONY HABILITEE OR STRENTHE, OR SUTELTEE AND OTHIR ENGYNE, BARATE OR CAUTELE, SA THAT IT BE NOCHT SIGNIFYIT HIM BE NANE OTHIR EFTER THE CRY MAID, HE MAY, BE ALL LAWIS, SEN HE DEFENDIS HIM, PUT HIS FALOW TO THE WER, GIF HE MAY AT ALL HIS POWER, SEN THAI AR LEVIT OF THE PRINCE BE THE CRY THAT BIDDIS ILKE MAN DO HIS DEVOIRE. AND THAN MAY HE THAT IS DEFENDOUR CHES HIM THE BEST OF THE FELDE AND MAIST AVANTAGIUS. BOT AS TILL ALL GUDE

RESOUN OF UTERAST CONCLUSIOUN OF UNDERSTANDING OF THIS POYNT, BE ALL OPYNIOUNS OF MAIST WORTHY AND WIS MEN OF WERIS AND OF LAWIS, I TRAIST THE DEFENDOUR SULD BYDE QUHILL HE PERSAVE THE PROVOUR STEP FURTH TO CUM TOWART HIM, AND THAN BEGYNNIS THE DEFENCE, OR THAT HE MAK SEMBLAUNCE TO STEP FURTH ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXXIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN BE VENCUST IN BATAILL CLOS, SUPPOS THE KING REMYTT HIM HIS ACCIOUN, QUHETHIR GIF HE AW TO CONTENT THE PARTY OF THE EXPENS RESONABLE. AS THUS, QUHEN A BATAILL IS SETT DONE AND BEGUNNYN IN FELDE, THE PARTIES FECHTIS LANG, THE TANE HAS ALLUTERLY THE UNLIKLYAR, AND AT THE POYNT OF PERDICIOUN, THE PRINCE SEIS THAT, AND HAS PITEE, AND CRYIS HORO, HORO. THARE CUMMYS THE VAINCUR, ASKAND JUGMENT OF RYCHT, AND THE KING ANSUERIS, I JUGE THE TO HAVE THE HONOUR OF VICTORYE, AND I GEVE HIM HIS LYF, FOR THUS PLESIS IT ME. THAN ASKIS HE HIS EXPENS OF COSTIS AND SCATHIS, THAN HERE LYIS THE QUESTIOUN. SEN THE KING JUGIT NA EXPENS TILL HIM, THAI SAY HE AW TO HAVE NANE EXPENSIS. BOT THE WYNNARE SAIS ZIS, HE AW TILL HAVE HIS EXPENS BE THE LAWIS, FOR QUHARE THE PRINCIPALE GAIS THE ACCESSOUR FOLOWIS, QUHARFORE, SUPPOS IT WAS NOCHT SPOKIN, IT WAS UNDERSTANDIN BE THE SENTENCE, FOR THE TANE DRAWIS THE TOTHIR, AND GIF THE JUGE HAS LEFT THROU NEGLIGENCE TO JUGE THE EXPENS, HE AW IN PAYNE OF HIS NEGLIGENCE TO PAY THAME HIM SELF. BOT AS FOR CONCLUSIOUN IN THIS MATER, TREULY, BE ALL GUDE RESOUN AND GUDE FAITH, THE VENCUST MAN, SEN HE HAS GRACE OF HIS LYF SULD PAY TO THE VENCUSOUR HIS COSTIS RESONABLE. FOR SUPPOS THE KING HAD NA MYNDE IN THE TYME, IT FOLOWIS NOCHT THAT, SUPPOS HE GAVE HIM HIS LYF THAT IS AT HIS WILL AND GRACE TO GEVE QUHARE HIM LYKIS, BOT HE MAY NOCHT BE RESOUN WITHHOLD IT THAT IS PERTENAND OF RYCHT TO THE TOTHIR PARTYE, BOT HE WRANG HIM AND THAN ( ETC )

(MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXXVI ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR,HOW SULD HE BE PUNYST THAT IS VENCUST IN BARRIERIS, AND GRAUNTIT HIS ERROUR IN THE CLOSOUR? AS GIF A KNYCHT APPELIS ANE OTHIR, SAYAND THAT HE IS TRAYTOUR TILL HIS SOVERANE LORD HIS KING AND QUHEN THE BATAILL WAR IN THE STOURE OF THE MAIST HETE OF THE FECHTING, THE APPELOUR CRYIT UP TO THE PRINCE, SAYAND, HE WALD NOCHT TYNE HIS SAULE, AND THAT HE HAD MAID A LESING OF THE SAID KNYCHT, AND THAT ALL THAT HE HAD SAID WAS UNTREW, AND FEYNYT THING FOR DESPYTE AND INVY, AND OTHIR FEDE. THAN IS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHAT PUNYCIOUN HE SULD HAVE BE THE LAW OF ARMES THAT IS TO SAY IN BODY, AND IN GUDIS, AND IN HONOUR? TO THE QUHILK IS ANSUERD THAT HE SULD HAVE THE PAYNE OF TALYOUNE, BE THE LAW CIVILE. THAT IS FOR TO SAY, THAT SIK PUNYCIOUN AS THE TOTHIR SULD HAVE THAT THE CRIME IS PUT ON, SIK PUNYCIOUN SALL HE HAVE THAT PUTTIS ONY CRIME TILL ONY PERSONE AND MAY NOT PREVE IT. AND THUS SULD THE VENCUST MAN IN BARRIERIS BE PUNYST EFTER THE DEMERITIS OF THE CAUS, THE QUHILK SULD NOCHT BE FORGEVIN WITH SIK ACCESSOIRIS OF EXPENS, SCATHIS AND INTERESS AS EFFERIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXXIIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN HAD BENE IN BARRIERIS VENCUST OF ONY CAUS, QUHETHIR GIF HE SULD THOLE LAW THARFORE IN JUGEMENT ORDINAR EFTERWART. AS GIF THIS FORNAMYT VENCUST MAN HAD BENE THUS PUNYST AND DISHONOURIT IN BARRIERIS, GIF ANE OF HIS NYCHTBOURIS FOR INVYE WALDE GER SUMMOND HIM IN JUGEMENT, AND GER ACCUS HIM OF THE CRIME OF MANESUORNE. AND AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN, IT SEMYS THAT NAY, IT AW NOCHT TO BE. FOR IT THAT IS ANYS CLAMYT AND CORREKKIT BE JUSTICE SULD NOCHT CUM AGAIN TO BE NEWLY CORREKKIT NA RECONDAMPNYT IN ANE OTHIR JUSTICE. FOR THARE AW NA MAN TO BE PUNYST BE DOUBLE PENAUNCE FOR A CRIME. FOR TO THIS IS ACCORDAND BATHE THE HALY LAWIS, AND THE LAWIS OF MAN, AND OF GOD. NA GOD GAFE NOCHT JUGEMENT

TWIS OF A FORFAUTOUR. FOR BE ALL LAWIS, GIF A CRIME OR CAUS MYCHT EFTER IT WAS ANYS JUGIT CUM AGAIN IN JUGEMENT, THARE SULD BE NANE END OF PROCESS NA PLEDIS, THE QUHILK LAW WILL NOCHT, BOT IN THE CONTRAIR SCHAPIS THAME TO SCHORT ALL CAUSIS, AND TO LESSE ALL EXPENS AND TRAVAILIS OF PARTIES EFTER THE POSSIBILITEE OF LAW. BOT NEVERTHELES THE TOTHIR PARTY MAY THUS ALLEGE - SCHIR JUGE, WE AR HERE IN JUGEMENT ORDINAR, AND IN LAW WRYTTYN. AND AS TO THAT, THAT THE PARTY HAS ALLEGIT, I GRAUNT THE RESOUNS AR ALL GUDE AND TREWE, SA THAT THE DETERMINACIOUN AND DECISIOUN OF THE QUESTIOUN OF LAWE HAD BENE BEFORE A JUGE ORDINARE, AND THE CRIME CORREKKIT THARE. BOT ZE WATE THAT BATAILL IN FELDE CLOS OF BARRIERIS IS NOCHT APPROVIT BE THE LAWIS CANOUN NA CIVILE, NA THEOLOGY NA BE LAW OF NATURE, BOT ANERLY THOLIT AT THE PLESAUNCE OF PRINCIS. QUHARFORE, SUPPOS IT HAVE THARE IN SYK MANER ENDIT, IT IS NOCHT LAWFULLY PUNYST. AND THUS I ASK ZOW RYCHT LAW AND RESOUN, AS ZE THAT AR JUGE ORDYNARE AND AW TO KEPE US THE LAWIS. FOR THE JUGEMENT EXTRAORDINAR SALL NOCHT LETT THE JUSTICE ORDYNARE AS I SALL GEVE ZOW BE EXAMPLE. AND IT BEFELL THAT A LORDIS SONE OF THIS CONTREE HAD REFT ME CERTANE GUDIS AND DONGIN MY PERSOUN RYCHT WELE, SUPPOS THE FADER HAD DUNGIN HIM AGAIN, AND SEND ME MY GUDIS, THE JUSTICE WALD NOCHT FORTHY TO PUNYS HYM FOR THE REF RYCHT AS A REVARE AW TO BE PUNYST. AND SA IS IT IN THIS CAS, FOR SUPPOS THARE WAS A COLOUR OF JUSTICE EXTRAORDINARE, IT LETTIS NOCHT THE ORDYNARE. AND HERE AS TO THIS CAS, ME SEMYS NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND ALL THIR RESOUNS, AND THE PRINCE HAD PUNYST HIM, AND THE PARTY WAR CONTENT, THARE MYCHT NA JUSTICE IN HIS REALME DO JUSTICE AGAIN TILL HIM OF THAT MAN. FOR THE REMISSIOUN OF THE PRINCE SAUFIS HIM, QUHETHIR IT BE EXTRAORDINARE OR ORDINARE, BOT AND THE PARTY HAD MAID A PRIVATE APPOYNTMENT AND ACCORDANCE WITH HIM BY THE PRINCE, HE SULD NOCHT BE FOR THAT FRED FRA THE JUSTICE ORDINARE.

FOR SEN THE CUSTUM IS THUS OUR ALL THE WARLD, NOW QUHETHIR IT BE LAW OR NANE. ( QUOD PRINCIPI PLACET IN LEGE HABET VIGOREM. ) QUHAT THING THAT PLES THE PRINCE IN PRIVELEGIS EXTRAORDINARIS, AND GRACIS, AND REMISSIOUNS IS THOLIT AND HAS STRENTH IN THE LAWE. AND THARFORE, SEN IT PLESIS THAIM, THE BEST IS TO LAT IT PAS THROU DISSIMILACIOUN (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXXXVII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A KNYCHT APPELLIS ANE OTHIR OF BATAILLE, QUHETHIR GIF HE MAY REPENT HIM EFTERWART, AND CONCORDE WITH THE PARTIES, BUT LEVE NA PERMISSIOUN OF HIS PRINCE, AT HIS PLESAUNCE. TO THE QUHILK QUESTIOUN IT SEMYS THAT IT MYCHT WELE BE. FOR QUHY BE THE LAW WRITTIN, A MAN THAT ACCUSIS ANE OTHIR MAY CESSE QUHEN HIM LEST FRA ACCUSACIOUN OF THAT CRIME, BEFORE THAT THE JUGEMENT HAVE DETERMYNIT THARAPON, AND NAMELY OF ACCUSACIOUN DONE FOR HETE OF CRABITNES IN IRE, APON ONY PERSONE, SA THAT IT BE CESSIT OR THE ACCUSOUR BE OBLIST TO UNDERLY THE PAYNE OF TALYOUN. AND AS TO THIS QUESTIOUN, I ANSUER BE A DISTINCTIOUN, MAKAND DIFFERENCE OF A BATAILL VAGIT BEFORE PERSONIS NA POWAR HAFAND TO RESSAVE GAGE OF BATAILL. SUPPOS IN HETE AND IRE A KNYCHT HAD APPELLIT ANE OTHIR OF CRIME MORTALL, AND THARE APON TANE WITNESS, AND THE GAIGIS TANE IN HANDIS TO BERE IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PRINCE, OR OF CONSTABLE OR MARSCHALL, AND IN THE TYME THE KNYCHT APPELLOUR WAR BETTER AVISIT, AND HAD BENE OTHIR WAYIS OF THE CONTRAIR, OR WAR APPESIT OF HIS IRE, OR THAT HE HAD DRUNKYN OUR STARK WYNE, OR SUM OTHIR WAY HAD IN FOLY AND LICHTNES MAID HIS APPELLACIOUN, OF THE QUHILK EFTERWART HE REPENTIT HIM, AND TRETY COME BETUENE THAME AND ACCORDIT THAME. IN THIS CAS HE MAY RENOUNCE BUT HIS PRINCIS LEVE, AND NEVER BE THAROF NOCHT. THAN IT IS SUM PART DISHONOURABLE TILL HIM TO BE CALLIT SA LYCHT WITTIT THAT HE SULD MAK SA SUDANE ANE APPELLACIOUN, AND SYNE TO REPENT AND GAYNCALL HIS

PROPOSICIOUN, AND, BE ALL RESOUN, HE AW AMENDIS, AND TO PAY THE COSTIS TO THE PARTY THAT HE SA SCLANDERIT. BOT AND IT WAR A THING DONE BEFORE THE PRINCE, OR HIS LEUTENANT, OR CONSTABLE, OR MARSCHALL, AND GAGE GEVIN, AND DAY AND PLACE SETT, IT MYCHT NOCHT BE REVOKIT AND GAYNCALLIT BUT LEVE OF THE PRINCE AND GRETE DETERMINACIOUN OF COUNSALE. FOR THE GAGE OF THAT BATAILL IS A LIBELL IN COURT ORDYNARE. AND FRA LITISCONTESTACIOUN BE, THE PLEDE IS BEGUNNYN ( ETC ) AND THAN MAY IT NOCHT BE LEFT BUT LEVE OF THE JUGE, AND OCCORDAUNCE OF PARTIS, AND RYCHT SA SULD IT BE IN BATAILL WAGIT. BOT AS TO THAT POYNT, ALL PRINCIS AND JUGIS SULD BE REDY TO ALL ACORDIS AND FRENDSCHIPPIS AND TRETYS, FOR SA BIDDIS HALY WRITT, AND IT IS THE WILL OF GOD, TO QUHILK ALL JUGIS SULDE ACCORDE. (MARG) ( CAPITULA CXXXVIII ET CXXXIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPEKIS THE DOCTOUR OF ARMES THAT AR IN BLASOUNS AND OF BANERIS AND PENOUNS. NOW EFTER THAT HE HAS DETERMYNIT OF BATAILLIS, BATHE IN GENERALE, AND IN SPECIALE, THAN WILL HE DECLARE THE ARMES THAT ALL PRINCIS AND NOBLEIS AND OTHIR GENTILLIS AW TO WERE, AND OF THAIR COLOURIS AND DISCRIPCIOUNS. AND FYRST, QUHETHIR A MAN THAT IS NOCHT OF THAIR LYGNIE MAY BERE LEVEFULLY THAIR ARMES AT HIS PLESAUNCE, THE QUHILK MATER IS NOCHT LYCHT TO DECLARE, BOT OF GRETE DIFFICULTE, FOR MONY CAUSIS. AND, FIRST, MEN SULD UNDERSTAND THAT SUM ARMES WAS GEVIN OF POWER OF AUTORITEE OF EMPEROURIS, KINGIS AND PRINCIS, TO LORDIS AND OTHERIS BAROUNS, OR TO THAIR PREDICESSOURIS, THE QUHILKIS AR OF ALDE TYME AND OF ALDE ANCESTRYE, THAT NANE SULD BERE BOT THAI WAR CUMMYN OF THAT LIGNIE, THAT IS TO SAY, IN THE REALME OF THE EMPEROURE, KING OR PRINCE THAT GAFE THE SAID ARMES. FOR, AND THE KING OF FRAUNCE HAD GEVYN A LYONN OF GOLD TO BERE TILL A LORD OF HIS CONTREE, QUHAT WRANG DOIS THAT LORD TILL ANE OTHIR LORD OF SPAIGNE, OR OF ALMANE, THAT THE EMPEROURE OR KING OF SPAYNE HAD GEVIN IT TILL? BOT THARE IS OTHIR MANER OF ARMES, THE QUHILKIS ILKE MAN THAT BERIS THAME

TUKE AT THAIR AWIN PLESAUNCE, TO MAK DIFFEREUNCE AND KNAULAGE AMANG LORDIS, GENTILIS, AND NOBLE MEN OF ARMES, TO KNAW ILKANE BE OTHIR. AND ALL NAMYS AND SURNAMYS OF MEN WAS FOUNDYN FOR THE SAMYN CAUS, OR ELLIS ALL SULD HAVE BENE IN CONFUSIOUN, THAT NANE SULD HAVE HAD KNAULAGE OF ANE OTHIR. AND THIS NAME MAY ILKE MAN TAK AND GEVE HIS BARNE AT HIS AWIN PLESAUNCE, OR THE GODFADER, OR GOD MODER, OR FRENDES MAY GEVE NAMYS TO THAIR FRENDIS. AND RYCHT SA IN THE SAMYN WYS IS IT OF ARMES, THAT, IN THE BEGYNNYNG, QUHEN THE WERIS BEGAN, TILL HAVE SUM DEFFERENCE AMANG NOBLEIS, SIK ARMES WAS SUM ASSIGNYT BE PRINCIS AND LORDIS, SUM WAS TANE AT THE PLESAUNCE OF PARTYE, SUM BE THAIR FRENDIS CONSENT AND COUNSALE, SA THAT MEN OF HONOUR AND OF ESTATE SULD BE KNAWIN BE THAIR ARMES, THE QUHILKIS AR CALLIT THAIR TAKENYS IN ARMOURY. AND THUS IN WERE TYME, NEW MEN OF ARMES THAT HAS NANE ARMES OF PROPERTEE, MAY IN THIS WIS TAK ARMES AT THAIR LYKING, SYK AS THAME LEST, BOT NOCHT TO TAK NANE OTHERIS ARMES. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXL ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, GIF A MAN MAY TAK ANE OTHERIS ARMES AT HIS LYKING. AS THUS: A MAN HAS TANE TO BERE IN HIS ARMES A LOW OF GULES IN A CHAMP OF SILVER. ANE OTHIR OF THAT ILKE TOUNE HAS TANE THE SAMYN EFTER THAT HE HAS IT WYNTERIS AND ZERIS. THAN SPERIS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHIR THE FIRST MAY GAYNSTAND THIS ARMES, AND PLENZE TO THE PRINCE, AND GER THIS BE REFORMYT AND FORBORNE. AND FIRST HE SAYS NAY, FOR QUHY, ONY MAN MAY TAK LEFFULLY, AS BEFORE SAID IS, ANE OTHIR MANNIS NAME, AND CALL HIS BARNE IN THE SAMYN TOUN, FOR IT BEFALLIS OFTTYMES THAT SYNDRY MEN AR CALLIT BE A NAME IN THE SAMYN TOUNE, AND MAY DO IT BUT LAK. AND QUHY THAN MAY THAI NOCHT ALSWELE TAK TWA ANE ARMES, OR THRE, OR ALSMONY AS LYKIS? BOT THE COUNTRE PARTY SAIS AGAYNE THAT IT IS A COMMOUN US AND CUSTUME IN MANNIS LAWE, AND APPROVIT BE OTHIR LAWIS, THAT

QUHASA EVER MAY FIRST TAK WILDE FOULE, OR FYSCH, OR WYLDE BESTE IN THE WILDERNESS, IT IS HIS BE THE LAWE. AND THAN SEN THIS NOBLE MAN HAS FIRST TANE SIK A BESTE, OR SIK A FOULE, OR SIK A FISCHE TO BERE IN HIS SCHELDE, AND ON HIS COTE OF ARMES, AND ON HIS BANER PANNOUNE OF ARMES, OR IN BLASOUN APON HIS HERAULDE OR PERSEVANDIS BREST, OR OTHIR WAYIS TO PAYNT IN HALL OR CHAUMER AT HIS LYKING, QUHY SULD ONY OTHIR TAK IT EFTERWART TO BERE, THAT WAR IN TOUNE, OR IN THE SAMYN CONTREE QUHARE IT WAR BORNE? AND ALS IT WAR MARE THAIR SCATHE NA THAIR PROUFFIT, FOR IT WALD QUHILOM MER MEN THAT HAD GRETE DEDIS ADO, QUHEN THAI WEND TO CUM TO THAIR AWIN MAISTER IN WERE FARE THAI MYCHT FAILZE, AND OTHIR WAYIS IN SUNDRY WYS MYCHT ERR IN THAIR DEDIS, THAT MYCHT HYNDER BATHE THE PARTIS THAT NEDIT NOCHT, NA IS NA POYNT OF GUDE GOVERNAUNCE NA GUDE POLICY IN DEDIS OF ARMES. AND AS LANGAND THIS QUESTIOUN, THE DOCTOURE (MARG) NOTA (END OF MARG) MAKIS SIK A CONCLUSIOUN THAT, GIF A GENTILL MAN OR LORD HAD TANE ANE ARMES AT HIS PLESAUNCE AND BORNE IT LANG TYME OPYNLY, KEND IN DEDE OF ARMES AND IN WERIS, OR OTHIR WAYIS IN TYME OF PES, THAT IT WAR KYD AND KNAWIN TILL HIM AND HIS LIGNAGE, THARE AW NANE OTHIR IN THAT CONTREE TO TAK THE SAMYN TO BERE. NA THE PRINCE OR LORD OF THAT CONTREE SULD NOCHT LAT THAME BERE IT ON NA WIS. FOR THAN WAR THE PRINCIPALE CAUS OF ARMES TAKING ALL FORLETYN, FOR THE PRINCIPALE CAUS OF ARMES TAKING IS FOR TO KNAWE THE PERSONAGIS OF NOBLE MEN IN BATAILL, OR IN ARMES, OR IN TOURNAYMENTIS. OR TO KNAW A LORD IN FELDE BE ANE OTHIR, WITH HIS MEN AND HIS FRENDIS, AND WELE WILLARIS SULD DRAW TILL HIM AND KNAWE HIM BE HIS TAKIN, AND SA SULD THE DIVERSITEE OF ARMES MAK THE KNAULAGE OF THE DIVERSITEE OF PERSOUNAGIS. AND GIF IT BE HAPNYT ONY LORDE OR OTHIR MAN TO BE SLAYN IN FELDE, AND SA MAGGLIT THAT HIS VISAGE MYCHT NOCHT BE KNAWIN, BE HIS COTE OF ARMES HE SULD BE KNAWIN, AND BROCHT TO CRISTYN BERIS. AND ALSSUA THAT

BE THE DEFFERENCE OF ARMES, EVER FURTH QUHILL THE WARLD LESTIS, MEN SULD KNAW BE THE TAKYNYNG OF THAIR ARMES THAIR SEPULTURIS QUHARE THAI AR BERYIT, AND QUHA WAS IN THAI TYMES MAIST HONOURABLE AND WORTHY MEN, AS OFT TYME MEN SEIS APON THAIR SEPULTURIS BE THAIR FRENDIS MAID EFTER THAIR DECESS,AND SUM BE THAME SELF OR THAI BE DEDE, BE THE QUHILKIS QUHEN ALL THE LYGNIE IS FAILIT, AND THE SURNAME, ZIT WILL THE VALLIAUNCE OF THAME BE KNAWIN BE THAIR ARMES, THE QUHILKIS IN ARMES AR CALLIT TAKENIS. FOR AND SYNDRY LORDIS OR GENTILIS TUKE ALL ANE ARMES OR TAKENIS, IT WAR BOT A CONFUSIOUN. AND A MARE GRETE RESOUN: FOR BE ALL GUDE CUSTUMES OF NOBLESS, LORDIS AND GENTILIS MAKIS THAIR SELIS EFTER THAIR ARMES, AND GIF ANE SULD BERE ANE OTHERIS ARMES IN HIS SELE, MEN SULD NOCHT WIT QUHAIS IT WAR. ITEM, ALL KINGIS SULD KEPE THAT NA MAN DO TILL OTHIR DISHONOUR, SCHAME, NA VILANY, NA INJURE, NA NEW NOVELLITEIS. AND IT IS TO PRESUME, GIF ONY MAN WALD NEWLY TAK ANE ALDE ARMES OF ANE OTHERIS, THAT IT WAR FOR DISPYTE OR INJURE, TO DESPIS HIM, TO PROVOKE NOIS AND DEBATIS, FOR ALDE FEDE OR ENVY, THE QUHILK THE PRINCE SULD STANCHE. AND AS TO THE ARGUMENT, IT IS NA THING LYKE TILL A MAN TO BE CALLIT LYKE NAME TILL ANE OTHIR OR SYNDRY IN A TOUNE, FOR QUHY, FOR SIK CAUS MEN HAS GERT GEVE ILKE MAN HIS SURNAME THAT MAKIS THE DIFFERENCE. BOT, AND MONY MEN BARE ANE ARMES, HOW SULD ONY MAN, HARRALDE OR OTHIR, KNAW MEN NA GEVE THE HONOURE OF GUDE DEDE TILL HIM THAT HAD HONOURABILY DESERVIT IT, OR TO GEVE LAK AND DISHONOUR TILL COWARTIS, OR FLEARIS FRA BATAILLIS. AND THARFORE, IN ALL SIK DEBATIS THE PRINCE SULD GER SETT REMEDE, AND GIF ONY COMPLAYNT WAR, SE BE HARRALDIS AND MEN OF KNAULAGE QUHA HAD RYCHT QUHA WRANG, AND DO JUSTICE. (MARG) (CAPITULUM CXLI) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR,GIF A FRANCHE KNYCHT SAW A DUCHEMAN OF ALMANE BERAND HIS ARMES BUT DIFFEREUNCE, AND HE HIM OF WERE TO FECHT WITH

HIM, OR FORBERE THE ARMES, QUHETHIR AW HE TO BE ADMYTTIT BE PRINCE OR NOCHT TO FEICHT IN BARRIERIS WITH HIM? AS GIF A KNYCHT OF ALMANE WALD CUM TO SE NOBLESS IN FRAUNCE, AS TOURNAYMENTIS OR OTHIR WASSELAGE, AND THAT HE FAND A KNYCHT IN FRAUNCE AT THE TOURNAYMENT THAT BARE THE SAMYN ARMES THAT HE BERIS, AND THUS HE MAID QUESTIOUN BUSTOUSLY, SAYAND, HE TRAISTIT HE WRANGIT HIM AND HIS LIGNIE TO BERE THAI ARMES, SPERAND BE QUHAT TITLE OF RYCHT HE BARE THAME. THE KNYCHT OF FRAUNCE ANSUERD, SAYAND THAT HE TRAISTIT THAT HE MYCHT BERE LEFULLY THE TAKYN OF ARMES THAT HIS FADER AND FOREFADER AND ALL HIS ANCESTRIS HAD OF SA LANG TYME BORNE, THAT THARE WAS NA MEMORYE IN THE CONTRARYE. THE DUCHE KNYCHT REPLYIS AGAYN, SAYAND, GUDE SCHIR, SOPPOS ZOUR FADER AND ANCESTRIS HAVE BORNE THAME SIK A TYME MY KYN AND ANCESTRIS AR OF ELDAR BEGYNNYNG NA ZOURIS, AND ALS AR MARE NOBLE OF LIGNIE. QUHAREFORE, SEN ZE AND ZOURIS HAS TANE THAME EFTER US, AND ZE AR NOCHT OF SA GRETE NOBLESS OF ALDE ANCESTRY, ME THINK ZE SULD DEFERR TILL US, AND NOCHT WE TO ZOW. QUHARFORE, I SAY, ZE BERE THAME EVILL AND WRANGWISLY, AND THAT I SALL PREVE WITH MY PERSONE. AND WITH THAT, THE FRANCH MAN SAIS THAT HE DOIS HIM NA WRANG THAT BERIS THE ARMES THAT HIS ANCESTRES HAS OF SA LANG TYME BORNE, AND THAT HE DENYIS HIS WRANG, AND THAT SALL HE DEFENDE. THAN IS THIS THE QUESTIOUN, QUHETHYR THE KING AW TO GEVE LEVE TO THIR TWA KNYCHTIS TO FEICHT, OR NOCHT. AND AS TO THE FIRST VISAGE IT SEMYS THAI SULD BE THOLIT, BE THE RESOUNS THAT THE DUCHE KNYCHT ALLEGIS. BOT THE DOCTOURIS ACCORDIS NOCHT TO THAT OPYN FOR AS WE HAVE BEFORE SAID, THAI AR NOCHT OF A REALME, NA OF A PRINCE HALDAND, QUHARFOR THE NACIOUNS MAKIS THE DEFFERENCE SUFFICIAND, SA THAT IT WAR NOCHT DONE FOR DESPYTE NA OTHIR BARATE. FOR GIF A TRAVAILAND KNYCHT OF FRAUNCE HAD TANE SIK ARMES, AND HE WAR A WIKKIT MAN OF LYF,A TYRAN AND UNHONOURABLE,THAT

MYCHT DEFAME THE ARMES IN FERR CONTREIS, THE DUCHE KNYCHT MYCHT HAVE SUM COLOUR AND RESOUN THAREFFOR, GIF THE FRANCHE KNYCHT PAST IN BURGONE, OR BARRY, OR LORANE, AND BRYNT AND SLEWE AND REFT, AND FORSIT WOMMEN AND HAD RENOUNE TO BE A WIKKIT MAN OF LYF, AND MEN WIST NOCHT HIS SURNAME NA OF QUHAT CONTREE HE WAR, AND THE TOTHIR KNYCHTIS ARMES WAR KEND OUR ALL THAI CONTREIS, AND SUM MEN MYCHT TRAIST THAT IT WAR HE. AND IN THIS CAS THE DUCHE KNYCHT HAD RESOUN TO ASK HIM TO BE DEPRIVIT OF HIS ARMES AT THE KING OF FRAUNCE, AND THE KING TO GRAUNT IT HIM, GIF THE SAID DUCHE KNYCHT AND HIS LIGNIE WAR APPROVIT MEN OF HONOUR, AND THARAPON GRAUNT HIM LEVE OF BATAILL IN LISTIS AS SAID IS, GIF HIM LYKIS. FOR THE CAUS EFTER THE CUSTUMES MAY BE THOLIT. (MARG) (CAPITULUM CXLII) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, HOW THAI SULD BE PUNYST THAT BERIS OTHERIS ARMES WRANGWISLY, IN ENTENCIOUN TO DO MYSUNDERSTONG OF THAME COVERTLY. AS GIF A SOULDIOUR OF SYMPLE STATE TUKE THE ARMES OF A KNYCHT NOBLE OF FRAUNCE, THAT WAR OF GUDE RENOUNE BATHE IN HONOUR OF ARMES, AND OTHIR WAYIS OF ALDE ANCIENETEE, AND THAT KNYCHT OF DUCHE LAND HAD TANE THAI ARMES NEWLY, IN ENTENT TO BE MARE PRISIT AND HONOURIT, AND TO BE HYAR AVANSIT, AND TAK MARE WAGIS. IN FAITH, I TRAIST THAT THE KING AT THE PERSUYT AND REQUEST OF PARTYE, THE KING AW TO PUNYS HIM BE LAW OF ARMES. AS, IN THE LYKE MANER, GIF A MAISTER ARMOUREUR OF PARIS THAT HAD RENOUNE TO BE THE BEST OF THAT CRAFT THAT WAR IN FRAUNCE, AND IN HIS WERKIS HAD A TAKYN THAT HIS WERKIS WAR KNAWIN BY, AND ANE OTHER OF TROYES IN CHAMPAIGNE TUKE THAT ILKE TAKYN, SA THAT FOR THE RENOUNE OF THE PARISIEN, HIS WERKIS SULD BE THE BETTER SAULD, AND RYCHT SA OF COULTELLIN, OR ONY OTHIR CRAFT, OR OF NOTAIRIS, GIF ANE DOIS FALSET UNDER THE SAILIGNE OF ANE OTHIR,I SAY,ALL SIK MEN SULD BE WELE AND CRUELLY

PUNYST BE JUSTICE. AND GIF THE CONTRARY WAR THOLIT, IT WAR GRETE DAMAGE TO THE REALME. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT ARMES AR MAIST NOBLE BE THE COLOURIS, AND QUHAT COLOURIS AR MAIST NOBLE IN ARMES. BOT BE CAUS THE PRINCIS AND LORDIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) BERIS ARMES OF MARE NOBLESS NA OTHERIS, AND THAT THE DOCTOURIS HAS SPOKYN IN OTHIR TYMES AND OTHIR PLACIS OF PRINCIS ARMES, AND OF THAIR BANERIS, QUHARFORE, I WILL NOCHT HERE MAK QUESTIOUN NA DOUT THE QUHILK ARMES AR THE MAIST NOBLEZ, AND THE MAIST RYCHES, FOR QUHY THAT ALWAYIS COMPARISOUN IS ODIOUS. BOT IT PLESIS ME TO SPEKE SUM THING OF COLOURIS OF ARMES, AND OF THAIR DISCRIPCIOUNS, AND AS THE DOCTOURIS SAIS THAT SUM OF THAME IS MARE NOBLE NA OTHERIS, FOR THE REPRESENTACIOUN THAT THAI MAK BE THAIR PROPRE NATURE. AND BE THIS CAUS, WE SAY THAT COLOUR OF GOLD IS THE MAIST NOBLE COLOUR THAT IS IN THIS WARLD HERE. AND THE RESOUN QUHY IS FOR BE THE NATURE OF GOLD IT IS CLERE AND SCHYNAND RICHE, VERTUOUS AND CONFORTAND. FOR OURE MAISTERIS, DOCTOURIS, AND MEDICINARIS AND PHILOSOPHOURIS GEVIS THE GOLD IN SYNDRY WIS IN MEDICYNE TO FOLK THAT AR DEBILITEZ IN THAIR NATURE THAT THAI CAN GET NANE OTHIR REMEDY FOR SOVERANE REMEDE, AND IS LYKNYT BE HIS CONDICIOUN AND HIS NATURE TO THE SONNE, THE QUHILK IS THE MAIST NOBLE PLANET THAT EVER GOD MAID, AND BERIS LYCHT TILL ALL THE WARLD, AND ENCRESCEMENT AND CONFOURT TILL ALL NATURALE CREATURIS. AND THE LAWIS SAIS THAT, OF ALL THINGIS THAT GOD MAID, THE CLARITEE AND LICHT IS THE MAIST NOBLE. AND THARFORE THE HALY WRYTT SAIS THAT THE SANCTIS IN HEVYN SCHYNIS AS THE SONNE. AND ALSSUA OURE SOVERANE LORD, QUHEN HE TRANSFIGURIT HIM BEFORE HIS APOSTOLIS, HIS VISAGE APPERIT TO THAME AS THE SONNE IN SOMERIS DAY, BRYCHT. AND BE THAT CAUS THE GOLD IS COMPERIT TO THE SONNE, AS THE PROPRE EFFECT OF THE SONNE, THE QUHILK IS KING

AND LORD OF ALL PLANETIS, AND ALSSUA IS FIGURIT BE HALY WRYTT BE THE VISAGE OF OURE LORD. AND BE THAT CAUS THE ANCIEN PRINCIS IN ALD LAWIS OF ARMES ORDANYT THAT NA NOBLE MAN SULD BERE GOLD IN HIS ARMES BOT PRINCIS KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS FOR THE NOBLESS OF HIM. AND THUS CONCLUDE WE THAT THE MAIST NOBLE COLOUR IS GOLD. AND SUPPOS SUM IGNORAUNT MEN WALD SAY GOLD IS METALL AND NA COLOURE, THAT MAKIS NOCHT, FOR LARGELY TO TAK COLOURIS, BE ALL OUR MAISTERIS AND PHILOSOPHOURIS ALL METALLIS, ALL LOW AND LYCHTNES THAT LEMYS AND GEVIS SYCHT TO THE EYNE IS OF THE NATURE OF COLOURIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLIIII ) (END OF MARG) THE SECOUND COLOURE THAT IS IN ARMOURY IS CALLIT BE THIR MAISTERIS PURPRE, THE QUHILK HE CALLIS HERE REDE COLOUR, THE QUHILK REPRESENTIS THE LOWE OF FYRE, THE QUHILK IS THE MAIST CLERE AND LYCHT EFTER THE SONNE, AND THE MAIST NOBLE OF ALL THE ELEMENTIS, THE QUHILK COLOUR SULD NANE IN ARMES WERE BOT ANERLY KINGIS OR PRINCIS, BE THE ALDE CUSTUMES OF PRINCIS AND FADERIS OF ARMES OF ALDE TYMES. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLV ) (END OF MARG) THE THRID COLOUR IS ASURE, THE QUHILK BE HIS FIGURE AND COLOUR REPRESENTIS THE AYER, THE QUHILK IS NEXT THE FYRE THE MAIST NOBLE ELEMENT. FOR IT IS IN IT SELF LIGNIE AND SUTILE AND PENETRATYF, RESSAVAND THE LYCHT THROU IT, AND HABLE TILL RESSAVE ALL INFLUENCES OF THE PLANETIS, AND OF THE HEVYNLY CONSTELLACIOUNS, OF NATURE THROU THE QUHILKIS ALL THIS ERDE IS GOVERNYT AND ALL NATURE. AND SUM CALLIS THE COLOUR AZURE HAFAND THE COLOUR OF THE FIRMAMENT, SAYAND THAT ASURE IS A HEVYNLY COLOUR. IT MAKIS NOCHT, FOR THARE IS BOT LYTILL BETUENE, NOCHT THAN THE LIFT IS NOCHT COLOURIT. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLVI ) (END OF MARG) ANE OTHIR COLOUR IS THE QUHYTE COLOUR, THE QUHILK NEXT THE ASURE, IS THE MAIST NOBLE COLOUR THAT WAS COUNTIT IN ARMOURY IN ANCIEN CRONIKIS, BE CAUS THAT

IT IS MAIST NERE THE NATURE OF LYCHT AND CLARITEE, AND FOR THE CLERENESS OF IT. IT IS SIGNYFYIT TO THE VERTU OF PURITEE OF CLENESS AND INNOCENCE AND SYMPILNESS. AND AS TO THAT, THE HALY SCRIPTURE SAIS THAT THE CLETHINGIS OF JHESU CRIST APPERIT AY TO THAME OF QUHITE COLOUR, AS SNAW. AND THIS COLOURE OF QUHITE REPRESENTIS THE WATER, THE QUHILK EFTER THE AIRE IS THE MAIST NOBLE ELEMENT. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLVII ) (END OF MARG) ANE OTHIR COLOUR IS IN ARMOURY THAT CALLIT IS BLAK, THE QUHILK REPRESENTIS THE ERDE. AND BE IT IS SIGNYFYIT DOLOUR, FOR IT IS FERREST FRA LICHTNES AND CLARITEE THAT BETAKENIS BLITHNES, AND CUMMYS NEREST TO MYRKNESS. AND THAREFORE, QUHEN ONY PEPLE OR FOLK WILL MAK DULE FOR ONY OF THAIR FRENDIS DEDE OR ONY BATAILL TYNT, OR OTHIR GRETE MISAVENTURE, MEN MAKIS THAIR DULE IN THAT CLETHING, FOR IT IS THE LAWEST OF DEGREE OF ALL THE FOUR ELEMENTIS, AND IS SIGNIFYIT BE IT HUMILITEE. AND FOR THAT CAUS IN TAKENYNG OF HUMILITEE, THE RELIGIOUS MEN AR CLED IN BLAK WEDE COMMONLY, TO SCHAWE MEKENES IN HERT AND PUT AWAY ALL LUST OF VANITEE AND VANE GLORE WARLDLY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLVIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SCHAWIS THE DOCTOUR CERTANE THINGIS AND DOCUMENTIS TOUCHAND CLOS BATAILL THAT WE CALL BATAILL IN LISTIS. AND FIRST, BE CAUS THAT CLOS BATAILL IS RYCHT (MARG) ( PRIMA REGULA BELLI CLAUSTRALIS ) (END OF MARG) PERILOUS AND MYSTY TO BE JUGIT BE IGNORAUNT MEN THAT AR NOCHT INSTRUCT IN THE LAWIS MYN ADVYS IS THAT THARE SULD NA PRINCE NA LORD HALD FELDE OF BATAILLE IN LISSIS, BOT GIF HE HAD GUDE WIS COUNSALE OF WELE UNDERSTANDAND MEN OF LAWE, THAT IS FOR TO SAY OF DOCTOURIS IN CANOUNE AND CIVILE TO GEVE HIM GUDE COUNSALE, FOR COMMOUNLY THE CASIS AR SA SUBTILE TO JUGE, THAT SECULERE MEN, FOR COVATIS AND AVARICE OF WARLDIS WYN, GEVIS OFT TYME COUNSALE TO PRINCIS THAT SOUNDIS MARE TO THE DESYRE OF WYNNYNG OF WARLDIS

GUDE NA IT DOIS TO RESOUN, OR TO RYCHTWIS QUERELE. AND ALS THAI WATE QUHAT CASIS AR IN THE LAWIS CONDAMPNYT UTTERLY AND REPROVIT, AND QUHAT CASIS AR THOLIT AND PERMYSIT AT THE PLESANCE OF PRINCIS AND WATE ALSSUA QUHAT CASIS AR PRIVILEGIT IN THE LAW, QUHILK NOCHT. AND THE LAWIS SAIS THAT ADVOCATIS AR PROCURATOURIS OF MANNIS LIGNAGE. AND ANE OTHIR RESOUNE QUHY I HAVE SETT THIS REUGLE, IS FOR COMMONLY THE CLERKIS AR MARE SAD OF COUNSALE, AND MARE CAULDE OF COMPLEXIOUN, AND MARE TEMPERIT IN THAIR CURAGE, AND FERRAR CAN SE IN THE GROUND OF A MATER NA SECULERIS , FOR SECULARIS AR HATE OF BLUDE AND IN IRE, AND OFT TYMES THAI GEVE THAIR COUNSALE AND JUGEMENT AGAIN RESOUN, WITH THE WRANG, OUTHIR FOR FEDE OR FRENDSCHIP, LUFERENT OR HATERENT, OR FOR MEDE, OR FOR IRE OR BRETH, OR OTHIR SINGULAR APPETITE FOR HONOUR OR RICHESS, OR LORDSCHIP OR REDDOUR, OR OTHERIS, AND ERAR AR ENCLYNYT TO MAK WERE NA TRETY AND CONCORDE, AND TO GER BATAILL IN BARRIERIS BE, NA TO SLOKE IT AND APPES IT. FOR IRE LETTIS THE MANNIS MYNDE TO JUGE AND DETERME VERITEE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CXLIX ) (END OF MARG) HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR REUGLE AND DOCTRYNE APON THE GOVERNAUNCE OF CLOS BATAILL, THAT NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT BE MALICE OR HETE, WOODNES, RAMAGE, OR PRIDE ORGUILLOUS, OR BE INCLINACIOUN AVARICIUS, APPELLACIOUN OF BATAILL BE MAID, AND THE PARTY RESSAVIS THE GAGE OF BATAILL, THE PRINCE SULD BE WIS IN HIS AUDIENCE GEVING, AND OF GUDE THOLEMUDENES TO SUETELY HERE THE CAUS THAT THE APPELLOUR CHALANGIS THE APPELLAND OF, AND WELE COPY AND UNDERSTAND ALL THE MATER BEFORE OR HE GEVE HIS CONSENT, AND GIF THE CAUS MOVIS OF DETT, OR OF FEDE, OR OF ONY OTHIR SINGULAR CAUS, HE SULD CALL COUNSALE, AND INQUERE HOW AND QUHARE, AND IN QUHAT PLACE AND FOR QUHAT CAUS, AND OF QUHAT TYME, AND ALL THE CIRCUMSTANCIS. AND, GIF THE PRINCE MAY, BE ONY

WAY, GET KNAULAGE OF OTHIR PRUF OR WITNES OR OTHIR PRUF BE INSTRUMENT OR OBLIGACIOUN, OR TO DRAW OUT OF THE PARTY BE INQUISICIOUN OF CONFESSIOUN AND OTHIR MANER OF PRUFIS, AND GIF THE PRINCE MAY PERSAVE, BE ONY WAY, THAT ONY KNAULAGE MAY BE GOTTYN BE ONY WAY OF THE WARLD, THE PRINCE SULD NOCHT THOLE PASSE BATAILL. OR SUPPOS NA WITNES WAR, BOT ANERLY THAT THE PARTY ALLEGIT WITNES ZIT SULD HE ASSIGNE DAY TILL PRODUCE THAI PRUFIS BEFORE THE JUSTICE ORDINARE, FOR QUHEN PRUF IS OFFERIT OR ALLEGIT, ALL WAGE OF BATAILL IS SLOKIT, BE ALL LAWIS OF CANOUN AND OF CIVILE. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CL ) (END OF MARG) TO THE THRID REUGLE AND DOCTRINE OF BATAILL IN LISTIS IS THIS, THAT THE PRINCE IN NA CASE SULD JUGE BATAILL TO BE, BOT QUHARE THARE IS NA PRUFIS ALLEGIT NA PRODUCIT, AND THAT IS LAW COMMOUN, AND RESOUNABLE CUSTUM. BOT HE SALL SUERE BE HIS FAITH THAT HIS CAUS CAN NOCHT BE PRUFIT IN NA WAY BOT BE HIS PERSOUN. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CLI ) (END OF MARG) THE FERDE DOCTRINE TECHING, AND REUGLE OF BATAILL IN BARRIERIS IS THAT A PRINCE SULD HAUE GUDE COUNSAILE TO GER PROPONE BEFORE HIM THE MANER OF THE APPELLACIOUN, AND THE CAUS AND OCCASIOUNS THAT THE APPELLOUR ALLEGIS IN HIS APPELLACIOUN. AND GIF HIM THYNKIS RESOUNABLE THE CAUS OF THE APPELLACIOUN, HE SULD ADMYTT THAME TO THE BATAILL. AND GIF THAI WAR NOCHT RESONABLE, SLOKE IT OUT, AND GEVE NA CONSENT THARETILL, NA THOLAUNCE. FOR GIF FULIS THROU THAIR FOLY BE SA DAFT THAT THAI WAGE BATAILL FOR LYTILL, EVYN AS TO SAY QUHETHIR GROWIS BETTER WYNIS IN BURGOYNE OR IN GASCOYNE, OR QUHETHIR IS THARE FAIRAR LADYES IN FLORENCE OR IN BARSALONGNE, OR IN QUHAT CONTREE IS THARE BEST MEN OF ARMES, IN FRAUNCE OR IN LOMBARDY, AND THE TAPART CAST GAGE OF BATAILL ON THE TOTHIR APON THIR GRETE WERIS OF LAWE, OR TO SAY HIS HORS RYNNYS FASTAR NA HIS, OR THAT HIS HORS IS BETTER NA HIS, OR SYK LYKE THING, OR THAT HE LUFIS HIS LADY BETTER NA HE DOIS OR THAT

HE DAUNCIS OR SYNGIS BETTER NA HE DOIS, OR FOR SYK MANER OF TROMPERYIS, A PRINCE SULDE NOCHT JUGE NA THOLE BATAILL TO BE, BOT HE SULD, BEFORE THE PEPLE, IN PRESENCE OF HIS COUNSALE, PUNYS SYK TROMPOURIS, THAT OTHERIS TUKE ENSAMPLE THAREBY IN TYME TO CUM, TO GAGE BATAILL FOR SIK FULE CAUSIS, ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CLII ) (END OF MARG) THE FYFT DOCTRINE IS THAT, FOR NA WORDIS OF HETE AND SUDANE IRE OF CHAUDECOLE, OR OF CHAUDE MELLENCOLY, NA INJURIOUS LANGAGE, THARE SULD NA PRINCE THOLE NA CONSENT GAGE OF BATAILL IN LISTIS TO PAS. FOR WORDIS MAY BE SAID FOR HETE OR FOR BRETH, OR FOR GUDE WYNE, OR OTHIR WAYIS IN LICHTNES, THAT SONE EFTER HE MAY REPENT. BOT AND THE WORDIS BE INJURIOUS AND DISHONOURABLE, CRIMYNOUS OR DEFAMATOIRIS, AND HE PERSEVERE IN HIS OUTRAGEOUS LANGAGE, AND LYKIS NOCHT TILL AMEND, BOT STAND IN HIS PURPOS EFTER THAT THE IRE SALBE PAST, ELLIS THE PRINCE SULD NOCHT JUGE BATAILL TO BE. FOR GIF HE DOIS HE JUGIS AGAIN THE LAWIS WRITTIN OPYNLY, ( ETC ) (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CLIII ) (END OF MARG) THE SEXT DOCTRINE IS THAT, BE CAUS THARE IS SUM MEN SA HICHTY, HAUTAYN, AND ORGUILLOUS AND FULL OF SURQUEDRY, THAT THAI HAVE NA TRAIST NA FYAUNCE IN GOD NA HIS SANCTIS, BOT IN THAIR AWIN PROPRE PYTHE, AND VERTU OF CORPS AND STRENTHE OF MEMBRIS, NA HAS NA WILL NA THOCHT ON GOD TO MEND THAIR MYSDEDIS, NA TO TAK COUNSALE AT GUDE MEN OF LYF AND OF DEVOCIOUN, NA TO MAK GUDE ORDYNAUNCE FOR THAME SELF, SUPPOS THE PRINCE SULD JUGE THE BATAILL TO BE THOLIT, TO BE DONE TO THE UTTERAST. AND THARFORE, THE KING SULD ASSIGNE CERTANE DAY OF BATAILL AND HOURE, TO THE APPELLOURE, AND HE SULD GER SCHAW HIM THE GRETE PERILE IN THE QUHILK HE PUTTIS HIM IN BATHE OF BODY AND OF SAULE, AND MONYS HIM AND EXHORT HIM ON GODDIS BEHALF THAT ALL BEFORE THAT EVER HE SCHAPE

HIM FOR HORS, HARNAIS, NA OTHIR PROVISIOUN FOR THE BATAILL, THAT FIRST HE SCHAPE HIM TO SE FOR A GUDE CONFESSOURE, THAT, BE A GUDE WIS CLERK, WELE LETTERIT AND WELE INSTRUCT IN THE FAITH, AND OF GUDE COUNSALE AND CONSCIENCE, THAT HE MAY DISCHARGE HIS CONSCIENCE TO, AND SCHRIVE HIM WELE AND PUT HIS SAULE FIRST IN GUDE ESTATE, AND HIS GUDE IN ORDINANCE, AS HE WALD MAK HIS TESTAMENT TO GA TO DEDE, AND AS WYS MAN AW TO DO, QUHILK, GIF HE DOIS NOCHT, THE KING SULD SAY HIM THAT SEN HE TRAISTIT NOCHT IN GODDIS HELP, HE SULD NOCHT TRAIST THAT HE WAR A GUDE CRISTYN MAN, AND THAT HE SULD HAVE THE LESS FAVOUR OF HIM. AND THAN SULD HE ORDANE HIM A TERME, WITHIN QUHILK HE SULD PUT HIM IN GUDE ESTATE OF THE SAULE TO GODWART, AND SYNE SPERE HOW THAI HAD DONE AT THAIR CONFESSOURE, AND SA SULD HE DO TO THE TOTHIR. AND THIS IS A TAKYN THAT A PRINCE IS WYS, AND LUFIS WELE GOD, THAT BEGYNNIS AT HIM TO DISPONE ALL HIS GOVERNAUNCE AND DEDIS. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CLIIII ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT CONDICIOUNS SULD BE IN ALL GUDE EMPEROURE, FOR THE EMPEROURIS ESTATE SULD (MARG)(IMPERATOR)(END OF MARG) BE THE HYEST OF THE WARLD IN TEMPORALITEE. AND SEN HE IS THE MAIST EXCELLENT AND HIE IN WARLDLY HONOUR AND DIGNITEE, SA SULD HE SETT HIM TO BE THE MAIST HYE AND EXCELLENT ATOUR ALL OTHIR PRINCIS, IN VERTEW, IN JUSTICE, AND ALL EQUITEE AND BOUNTEE. AND FIRST HE SULD NEVER PRESS HIM TO CUM TO THE CROUNE OF THE EMPIRE OF FORCE, NA WRANGWIS TITLE OF ELECTIOUN, NOUTHIR BE VIOLENCE NA USURPACIOUN, SYMONY, SCISME, NA CORRUPCIOUN. AND HE SULD NOCHT SETT HIM TO BY THE ELECTOURIS OF THE EMPIRE, NA OTHIR WAYIS UNLEFULLY TRETE HIM. THE QUHILKIS ELECTOURIS AR THIR, - THE ARCHEBISCHOP OF MAGUNTINENCES, THE QUHILK IS ARCHECHANCELLAR OF ALL GERMANY AND ALMAYNE. AND THE SECUND ELECTOUR OF THE EMPIRE IS THE ARCHEBISCHOP OF COLOYNE APON THE RYNE, THE QUHILK IS ARCHECHANCELLAR OF ALL THE EMPIRE OUR ALL

THE LANDIS OF ITALY. THE THRID IS THE ARCHEVESQUE DE TREVEZ, THE QUHILK IS ARCHCHANCELLAR OF ALL THE REALME OF ARLE. THE FERDE IS THE KING OF REVENNE, THE QUHILK WAS WONT TO BE DUK AND MARQUIS OF BRANDEFORT. THE FYFT WAS THE DUK DAFFAUXOUNE. THE SEXT THE DUC DE BAVIER, AND SYNE EFTER HIM THE COUNTE PALATYN, AS IS CONTENYT IN CERTANE VERSIS THAT FOLOWIS, HERE IN WRYTT EFTERWART, BE VERSIS IN LATINE, - QUHILK IS HERE MEMOURIT BOT NOCHT WRITTIN (MARG) ( UNDEVERSUS ) (END OF MARG) * * * * (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) AND THUS, QUHEN THIR ( VIJ ) ELECTOURIS HAS CHOSIN HIM LAUFULLY, HE SULD PRESENT HIS ELECTIOUN BEFORE THE PAPE, AND MEKELY ASK THE CONFIRMACIOUN OF HIS ELECTIOUN. AND GIF THE PAPE APPREVIS HIM, HE MAY THAN ASK THE CROUNE IMPERIALE, AND HIS OTHIR DEWITEIS. AND THIS MANER OF OFFICE SULD DO THE CARDINALE ON THE PAPIS RYCHT HAND, TO QUHAM IT APPERTENIS BE ALDE CUSTUMES. BOT THE PAPE GEVIS HIM THE CROUNE IN THE CITEE OF ROME, AND GEVIS HIM CROUNE OF GOLD IN THE KIRK OF SANCT PETER AT THE ALTARE OF SANCT MARK. BOT EFTER THAT HE HAVE TANE THAT COROUNE, HE SULD NOCHT BYDE IN ROME BOT A DAY AND ANE NYCHT. AND ON THE MORNE HE SULD STERE OF THE TOWNE, AND LY IN A PLACE IN A MOUNTAIGNE WITHOUT THE WALLIS OF THE TOUNE THAT IS CALLIT MOUNT MORE, IN LATINE ( MONS LAURUS ) AND QUHEN HE IS IN THE HICHT OF THE MOUNT, HE SULD SAY WITH ANE HYE VOCE, ALL THAT WE SE IS OURIS. AND SYNE SULD HE TAK ANE OTHIR CROUNE OF IRYN, AND THAT SULD GEVE HIM THE ARCHEBISCHOP OF COLOIGNE. AND SYNE GEVE HIM THE GRETE CITEE OF AST IN ALMAYNE, QUHARE

KING CHARLES LYIS. AND SYNE SULD HE HAVE A CROUNE OF SILVER, AND THAT SULD GEVE HIM THE ARSBISCHOP OF MILLAN, IN THE GRETE KIRK OF MYLLAN. AND THUS BE THE GOLD IS BETAKENIT THE NOBLESSE SOVERAYNE OF ALL METALL, AND THE EMPEROUR NOBILEST OF ALL ERDLY PRINCIS. SEN HE IS MAIST NOBLE OF PRINCIS, IT SITTIS WELE HE HAVE CROUNE OF THE NOBILAST OF ALL METALLIS, AND THE STELE SIGNIFYIS FORCE, QUHILK HE SULD HAVE ATOUR ALL ERDELY PRINCIS. AND SEN THE SILVER BETAKENIS PURITEE, CLENNESS AND INNOCENCE IN KEPING OF JUSTICE, LAUTEE AND GUDE LYFING, THE QUHILK SULD BE IN HIM ATOUR ALL OTHIR ERDELY PRINCIS. BOT THE CAUS QUHY HE SULD DUELL BOT A NYCHT IN ROME IS NOCHT WRYTIN IN THE LAWIS. BOT SUM MEN SAIS THE CAUS IS FOR THE PAPE IS BATHE LORD OF TEMPORALE AND SPIRITUALE, AND WILL NOCHT THOLE THE EMPEROUR MAK NA RESIDENCE LANGER NA HE HAVE DONE HIS DEDE.AND ALS, THAT HE SULD NOCHT OCCUPY THE PAPIS JURISDICTIOUN NA OF THE SENATOURIS, OF QUHILKIS APPERTENIS TO THE PAPE THE CITEE AND THE COMMOUNS. AND AS TO THE THINGIS THAT SULD BE IN A GUDE EMPEROURE, QUHILKIS HE SULD HAVE IN HIM, HERE FOLOWIS EFTER - FIRST AND FORMAST, THAT HE BE FULL OF TRAISTNES AND WORTHYNES, AS GUDE CATHOLYK ANENT GOD AND HALY KIRK, AND TO KNAW THE HYE WORSCHIP AND HONOUR THAT HE HAS FOR IT. ANDE THARTO, THAT HE MAK THE ATH THAT IS CUSTUMABLE TO BE MAID THARFORE TO THE PAPE AND HIS SUCCESSOURIS. THAT IS FOR TO SAY, THAT HE SALBE LELE AND TREW TO OURE HALY FADER THE PAPE AND HIS SUCCESSOURIS. AND THAT HE AT ALL HIS POWER SALL HALDE THAIR WORSCHIP AND ESTATE, AT OUTHE AND AT HICHT. AND THAT HE SALL AT ALL HIS POWER KEPE AND DEFEND THAIR LYFIS MEMBRIS, HONOUR AND ESTATE FOR EVERMARE HIS LYF DURAND, AGAYN ALL MORTALL. AND THAT NEVER CONSENT, NA MAK NANE ORDINAUNCIS NA JUGEMENTIS IN ROME OF THINGIS THAT MAY BE APPERTENAND TO THE PAPE, NA TO THE ROMANIS, THE QUHILKIS POYNTIS OF HIS ATHE AR FULL WELE WRITTIN IN THE BUKIS OF THE LAW CANOUN. AND ALS ZIT, HE SUERIS

THAT GIF ONY THINGIS THAT LANGIS THE RYCHTIS, OR OF LANDIS OF THE PATRYMOYNE OF SANCT PETRE AND OF HALY KIRK CUMMYS TILL HIM HE SALL ZELDE THAME AGAYNE TO THE PAPE, AND THAT HE SALL DEFEND THE LANDIS AND PATRIMONY OF HALY KIRK OF SANCT PETRE AT ALL HIS POWER. AND BE THE FORME OF HIS ATHE, ME THINK TREULY, THAT HE IS ADVOCATE OF HALY KIRK, FOR I CAN NOCHT SE A MARE PROPRE DECLARACIOUN IN THE LAWIS OF ANE ADVOCATE NA AR THE PROPRIETEIS OF THE EMPEROURIS JUREMENT. FOR HE THAT IS CATHOLYK TO GOD ANDE HALY KIRK, HE MON BE EVER JUST AND RYCHTWIS TO THE WARLD TO TEMPRE HIS ATHE, BUT HETE, BUT WILFULNES OF A DISORDINATE LUST OR PLESAUNCE WARLDLY, BUT FAVOUR MYSORDANYT WITH GUDE AND WIS COUNSALE. AND AS IN HIS GOVERNAUNCE AND DEDIS TOUCHAND HIS AWIN PERSONE, HE SULD EFTER THE LAWIS CIVILES THAT AR HIS LAWIS, MAID OF HIM AND HIS PREDECESSOURIS. FOR HE THAT MAKIS LAWIS, AND SYNE IS TRANSGRESSOUR HIMSELF OF HIS AWIN PROPRE LAWIS THAT HE MAKIS, HE SCHAWIS HIM SELF TO BE A FULE, OR ELLIS HIS LAWIS TO BE LYTILL WORTH. AND THARETO SAIS THE LAWIS CANOUN, KEPE THE LAWIS THAT THOU HAST ORDANYT TO BE KEPIT. FOR, NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT HIS LAWIS MAY NOCHT BYND HIM SELF THAT IS EMPEROUR, NEVERTHELES, HE SULD LYVE EFTER HIS LAWIS SEN (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) LAWIS AR BOT REUGLIS OF VERTUES, MAID FOR THE GOUERNAUNCE OF THE BRUKLE MANKYNDE THAT EVER IS REDY TILL EXCEDE IN VICIS. AND GIF HE BE SIK AS THE LAWIS SAIS, IN HIS PERSONE, HE MAY NOCHT GUDELY NA LEFULLY BE CALLIT BE TWA NAMYS BOT HE DESERVE THAME. FOR FIRST AND FORMAST, HE IS CALLIT IN THE WRYTIN LAWIS PRINCE OF ALL THE WARLD AND LORD, AND SYNE IS HE CALLIT THE SONE OF HALY KIRK, THE QUHILK MEN MAY NOCHT CALL HIM A MARE HONOURABLE NAME, NA MARE GRETE HONOUR DO HIM EFTER THE LAWIS. SYNE SAIS THE DOCTOURIS, THAT BE CAUS HE SERVIS THE PAPE AT HIS MESS UMQUHILE, THAT FORTHY IS HE CALLIT HAFAND OFFICE OF DYAKYN, THAT IS, THE NEXT ORDER NEXT PRESTEHEDE AND REDIS THE EWANGEL AT THE MESSE, THE QUHILK IS A GRETE

DIGNITEE. FOR THARE IS NANE BOT ANE OTHIR IN ALL CRISTIANITEE, THAT IS THE EMPEROUR OF CONSTANTYNOBLE. BOT HE IS BOT IN GUYS OF A KING, AND QUHEN HE IS CROWNYT TAKIS BOT A CROUNE ALLANERLY, BUT MARE, NA NOCHT TELLAND QUHAT VERTUE HE IS OF, NA QUHAT SERVICE HE SULD MAK. BOT IT IS SUFFICIAND YNOUCHE TO ME TO TELL AS NOW THAT THE EMPEROURE AW TO LYVE BE THE LAWIS BATHE CANOUNE AND CIVILE. AND THAROF IS MEKLE SPECHE IN THE LAWIS, QUHA WALD WELE TAK HEDE. AND ALS, ANE EMPEROUR MAY MAK TESTAMENT OF HIS MEUBLES, BOT HE MAY NOCHT MAK HERITAGE OF THE EMPIRE, NA LEVE IT TILL HIS AYRE, BOT EVER GAIS BE THE FORESAID ELECTIOUN, AND BE THE PAPIS APPROBACIOUN AND CONFIRMACIOUN PERPETUALY. (MARG) ( CAPITULUM CLV ) (END OF MARG) HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR, QUHAT THINGIS EFFERIS TILL ALL GUDE PRINCE TO DO, AND QUHAT SULD BE IN THAME. AS (MARG) OFF KINGIS (END OF MARG) NOW, SEN HE HAS SUM PART DECLARIT QUHAT PROPERTEIS SULD BE IN ANE EMPEROURE, NOW WILL HE DECLARE QUHAT PROPRIETEIS A GUDE KING SULD HAVE IN HIM - THAT IS THE MAIST HYE DIGNITEE EFTER THE EMPEROURE. AND ZIT WILL OURE MAISTERIS SAY THAT THE NAME OF KING IS MARE NA THE NAME OF EMPEROURE BE EXCELLENCE, FOR OURE LORD JHESU CRIST IN THIS ERDE HERE CALLIT HIM, NOCHT EMPEROURE, BOT THOLIT HIM TO BE CALLIT KING OF KINGIS AND LORD OF LORDIS, AS OURE HALY WRITT BERIS WITNES. AND ALSSUA HE WAS CALLIT A KINGIS SONE, FOR HE IS CALLIT IN HALY WRITT, THE SONE OF DAVID KING. AND THAT, SAIS CLERKIS - THAT HE IS OF KINGIS, BE THE GRETTAR EXCELLENCE OF LYNAGE. ANDE ZIT ALSSUA SANCT PETER MENYT BE HIS TECHING, THAT THE NAME OF KING WAS MARE EXCELLENT NA THE NAME OF EMPEROURE, QUHEN HE SAID TILL HIS DISCIPLEIS THAT THAI SULD BE SUBGETTIS TILL ALL CREATURE HUMAYNE. FOR THE HONOUR OF GOD ZOUR KING, AND SPECIALY TILL ALL KINGIS, FOR THE HONOUR OF HIM, AS TO THE HIEST DEGREE AND MAIST EXCELLENT. AND THIS APPROVIS THE PAPE GUILASIUS, IN HIS EPISTOLE THAT HE SEND TO THE EMPEROUR ANASTASIUS, SAYAND THAT HE WALD HE

WIST QUHAT THINGIS GOVERNIS THE WARLD, THAT IS FOR TO SAY, TWA DIGNITEIS, THE DIGNITEE SPIRITUAL AND PONTIFICAL, AND THE DIGNITEE ROYALE, BE THE QUHILKIS HE SCHAWIS, AS SEMYS THAT THE DIGNITEE ROYALE, SEN IT IS THE TA PART OF THE GOVERNAUNCE OF THE WARLD, IS MARE EXCELLENT NA IS DIGNITEE IMPERIALE. BOT NOCHT THAN, THIR RESOUNS AR BOT WAYKE. FOR THE DIGNITEE ROYALL IS A GENERALE NAME BATHE TO KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS, BOT THE DIGNITEE IMPERIALE IS BOT SPECIALY AND ANERLY GAYNAND FOR EMPEROURE, AS MAIST EXCELLENT OF ALL RYALTEE. FOR MEN MAY TREULY CALL ALL EMPEROURIS KINGIS AND DUKIS, ERLLIS AND KNYCHTIS, MEN MAY, SA THAI BE ANYS MAID KNYCHTIS, CALL THAME ALL KNYCHTIS, BOT FOR THAT IS NOCHT KNYCHTHEDE MARE GRETE NA THE FORENAMYT DIGNITEIS. AND AS KNYCHTHEDE MAY BE IN ALL KINGIS AND EMPEROURIS, DUKKIS AND ERLLIS, NOCHT LAKKAND THAIR HONOUR, SA MAY RYALTEE AND NAME OF KING BE IN ALL EMPEROURIS, NOCHT LAKKAND THAIR HONOUR. AND IN TAKENYNG THAT THAIR DIGNITEE IS MARE GRETE AND EXCELLENT, THAI AR CROWNIT WITH THRE CROWNIS QUHARE OTHIR KINGIS AR CROWNIT BOT WITH ANE, AND THAI AR CALLIT KINGIS OF ROMAYNIS EFTER HIS ELECTIOUN, AND MARE GRETE AUTORITEE AND STATE IS IN HIS CONFIRMACIOUN AND CROUNYNG NA IN ONY KINGIS CROWNYNG. AND THUS TO TURN (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) TILL OURE PURPOS: QUHAT GUDE PROPRIETEIS AND CONDICIOUNS SULD BE IN A KING. AND FIRST AND FORMAST, HE SULD CUM TO HIS REALME THROU RYCHTWIS TITLE OF RYCHT SUCCESSIOUN. FOR AND HE DO NOCHT, THE END MAY NOCHT BE GUDE, NA THE GOVERNAUNCE HONOURABLE. AND THARFORE IS THE SUCCESSIOUN OF KINGIS ORDANYT, THAT THE FIRST BIRTH SULD BE KING EFTER HIS FADER, AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND THAT IT IS A CLERE THING EFTER THE ROYALIS STATUTIS, WE FYNDE MONY FAIRE ENSAMPLIS IN THE LAWIS AND HALY WRITT THAROF. FOR MEN SULDE UNDERSTAND THAT THE FIRST BIRTH AY SUCCEDIS TO THE RYALL DIGNITEE. BOT THE CAUS QUHY THAT RIALTEE IS CALLIT DIGNITEE, THARE IS SYNDRY OPYNIOUNS THAREAPON. FOR, BE ALDE LAWIS OF THE ALD TESTAMENT, THE FIRST BIRTH

AW NOCHT TO WERE WEDIS THAT THE TOTHIR BRETHIR MYCHT NOCHT LEFULLY BERE. OTHIR SAIS THAT THE ELDEST BROTHER GAFE AY TILL HIS OTHIR BRETHIR HIS BENESOUN ON FESTUALE DAIS. AND ALSSUA, OR THE FADER DECESSIT, HE TUKE HIS FADERIS BENEDICCIOUN. OTHIR SAIS THAT THE FIRST BIRTH HAD DOUBLE PORCIOUN OF METIS THAT WAS BROCHT TO THE BURDE, AND THAT HE SAT ON HIS FADERIS RYCHT HAND AT THE TABLE. OTHERIS SAIS THAT EVER ILKE ZERE THE FIRST BYRTHE HAD ALL THE FIRST LAMMYT LAMMYS THAT WAS IN THAT ZERE CASTIN AND LAMMYT OF HIS FADERIS, TO DO QUHAT HIM LYKIT WITHE. BOT TO SCHAW CLERELY THAT THE FIRST BORNE SULD NOCHT BE CHEF LORD OF ALL THE LAVE, I HAVE MYN YMAGINACIOUN STARKLY RYCHT APON THE BENEDICCIOUN THAT THE FADER GAVE TO THE SONE, SAYAND, ( DE RORE CELI ET DE PINGUEDINE TERRE ERIT BENEDICCIO TUA ) THAT IS TO SAY OF THE DEW OF HEVIN, AND OF THE FATNESS OF THE ERDE SALL BE THY BENEDICCOUN. AND SYNE EFTER, HE SAID, BE THOU LORD AND SYRE OF THY BRETHIR. BE THE QUHILKIS WORDIS BETAKENIS THAT HE SULD BE LORD AND SYRE OF ALL THE HOUSHALDE. AND THARFOR, GIF ONY THAT AW NOCHT TO BE LORD AND KING THROU POWER OR FAVOUR OF THE PEPLE, PUTTIS HIM TO BE KING, OR FOR FAVOUR AND HELP OF THE NOBLEIS OF THE REALME, IT SALL NOCHT BE FOR HIS PROWE AT THE LAST. NA, HIS REALME SALL NOCHT PROSPER BUT GRETE MYSAVENTURE AND GRETE PESTILENCIS, AS WE MAY SE BE MONY ENSAMPLEIS OF HALY WRITT. AND FIRST, QUHEN THE SONE OF KING SALOMON THAT SULD HAVE BENE KING EFTER HIM WAS CASTIN OUT OF HIS LORDSCHIP BE SUM OF THE LIGNIE OF JUDAS, QUHILKIS MAID THAIR KING OF ANE THAT WAS CALLIT ROBOAM SONE OF NABUTHE, THE THING DISPLESIT SA TILL OURE LORD THAT HE THOLIT THAME TO BE ALL PUT TO CONFUSIOUN, AND SYNE HE SEND THE PROPHET HABIOUN FOR TILL AVERT HIM, AND AVIS HIM OF HIS SYN. AND BAD THE PROPHET THAT HE SULD NOUTHIR ETE NA DRINK WITH THAME OF THAIR METIS. AND NOCHT GAYNSTANDAND, HE DID NOCHT GODDIS BIDDING, AND TUKE THE METIS AND DRINKIS THAT THAI GAVE HIM. AND THARFOR A FELLOUN AVENTURE BETID

HIM, FOR A LYOUN IN HIS GAYNCUMMYNG SLEW HIM AND ETE HIM, FOR HE DID NOT GODDIS BIDDING. AND THUS, SEN HE TUKE THE REALME WRANGWISLY, AND WAS SIK VENGEAUNCE TANE FIRST ON THAME, AND SYNE ON HIM THAT COMMOUNYT WITH THAME, IT IS TO PRESUME THAT IT DISPLESES GOD GRETELY THE WRANGWIS OCCUPACIOUN OF REALMES BE UNRYCHTWIS TITLE. TRAISTIS WELE THAT HE IS NOCHT LUFIT WITH GOD, BOT IS REPUTE AS TO GODWART A THEF OR REVARE PUBLIK, REFAND OTHIR MENNIS RICHTIS FRA THAME THROU GRETE COVATIS AND WIKKIT AVARICE. FOR THE QUHILK GREDYNES OF GUDE AND WARLDIS HONOUR, AND VANITEE THAT IS SA SCHORT AND BRUKLE, THAI WALD MURDRE AND SLA BATHE BROTHIR AND SISTER, KYN AND FRENDSCHIP, AND TYNE BATHE SAULE AND LYF, AS MONY HAS DONE IN LUMBARDY, IN SPAYNE AND IN YTALY BETYMES BYGANE, AND DOIS DAYLY. AND EVER IT BEFALLIS THAME FOULE AT THE HYNDER END, AS IT IS GUDE RESOUN, SEN IT IS OF THE RYCHTWIS PUNYCIOUN OF GOD, AND VENGEANCE OF THAIR WIKKIT GOVERNAUNCE. AND THARFOR, QUHEN A KING CUMMYS RYCHTWISLY TO DIGNITEE RYALE, HE SULD BE SA VERTUOUS AND SA WIS IN GOVERNAUNCE, AND SPECIALY THAT HE BE GODLY, AND DEVOTE TO GOD AND HALY KIRK, AND THAT THAI GOVERNE THAME TILL HALY KIRK AS SONE TO MODER. FOR THAI AR VERRAY SONIS OF HALY KIRK ALL GUDE KINGIS, FOR AS THE MODER BRINGIS FURTH THE BARNE CARNALY, SA DOIS (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) THE HALY KIRK THE PRINCIS SPIRITUALY, FOR THAI AR CRISUMMYT, AND WITH HALY UNCTIOUNE ANNOYNTIT, AND REGENERIT BE NEW GENERACIOUNE MAID BE THE HALY MODER KIRK, AS SAIS THE HALY SCRIPTURE. AND THUS AR THAI BEHALDIN TO KEPE THE KIRKIS RICHTEIS, AND TO HELP TO DEFEND AND KEPE IT FRA ALL TEMPORALE INYMYES, AND TO MAK TEMPORALE WERE FOR IT AGAYNE ALL HERETYKIS AND OTHIR SCISMATYKIS, AND REBELLOURIS AND DISTROUBLARIS OF IT. FOR GOD HAS COMMYTTIT THE DEFENS OF THE KIRK IN THAIR HANDIS, AND THAI MON THAROF GEVE COMPT APON THE DAY OF DOME AND GRETE JUGEMENT. AND THUS, EFTER THAT A KING BE A GUDE (MARG) ( NOTA BENE ) (END OF MARG) CATHOLYK IN HIS PERSONE TO GODWART, THAN SULD HE BE

TECHIT IN GUDE GOVERNAUNCE OF POLICY OF HIS PEPLE AND HIS REALME. FOR THAT IS THE CAUS THAT HE TAKIS THE NAME OF KING, FOR HE SULD FIRST TAKE, AND KEPE TILL HIMSELF THAT TILL HIS PERSONE APPERTENIS, AND SYNE TILL OTHERIS QUHAT TO THAME SULD APPERTENE OF GUDE RESOUN. FOR QUHAT LOVING WAR IT TILL HYM TO GOVERNE WELE OTHIR MEN, AND MAK A FULE OF HIM SELF? AND ALSSUA, IT IS NOCHT TO PRESUME THAT A KING SULD WELE GOVERNE OTHERIS THAT CAN NOCHT GOVERNE HIS AWIN PERSONE. AND NAMELY GIF A KING LYFIS EFTER THE LUSTIS OF THE WARLDE AND APPETITE OF HIS FLESCH, HE IS NOCHT WORTHY TO BERE NAME OF KYNG. BOT QUHEN A KING CAN VERTUOUSLY GOVERNE HIS PERSONE IN GUDELY MANER, WITH GODLYKE CONVERSACIOUN, AND CAN OUR CUM AND PUT DOUNE THE BESTIALE APPETITIS OF SENSUALITEE THAT IS CALLIT WARLDLY LUSTIS OF THE FLESCHE, THE QUHILKIS ENCLYNIS A MAN AGAYNE ALL VERTUES, SYK PRINCE TAKIS RYCHTWISLY THE NAME OF PRINCE, AND OF PRELACY. FOR AS HE IS PREFERRIT ALL OTHERIS IN HONOURE AND EXCELLENCE TO THE WARLDWART, SA SULD HE BE IN VERTUES AND IN GUDELYNES TO GODWART. AND SYNE THE THRID POYNT, EFTER THAT HE BE IN HIS PERSONE NOBLE AND VERTUOUS, SYNE IN HIS GOVERNANCE IN POLICYE AND REGEMEN OF JUSTICE GLORIOUS, HE SULD EFTER THAT BE TILL HERE WIS COUNSALE WELE ENCLYNIT, SOBIR, TEMPERIT, AND GRACIOUS OF HIS PRELATIS AND BAROUNS, AND OTHIR WIS AND VERTUOUS MEN. FOR AS WE REDE IN HALY SCRIPTURE, THE KING ROBOAM TYNT HIS REALME BE CAUS HE WALD NOCHT TAK COUNSALE NA TROW COUNSALE OF THE PRESTIS OF THE LAWIS. THE FERDE POYNT THAT A KING SULD HAVE OF HIS PROPRIETEE: HE SULD GLADLY ENCLYNE HIS ERE TILL ALL WIS TECHING AND TO LERE AY WISDOME AND GUDE THEWIS, GUDE VERTUOUS AND GUDE GOVERNAUNCE. FOR SUPPOS HE BE NEVER SA WYS, ZIT MAY HE FYND EVERMARE TO LERE NEWLY NEDEFULL AND SPEDEFULL THINGIS, AND SULD THINK NA SCHAME TO LERE SCIENCIS AND OTHIR GUDE THINGIS. FOR PLATOUN SAID IN WRYTTIS, - THAT IS ANE OF THE WISAST PHILOSOPHOURIS, THAT THAN SULD THE WORLD BE HAPPY AND

WELE FORTUNYT QUHEN PRINCIS SETT THAME TO LERE WISDOME, VERTUES AND SCIENCIS, FOR QUHARE WIS MEN AR KINGIS, HAPPY AR THE REALMES. AND TO THAT SAIS VALERIUS, THAT IT IS NOCHT LYTILL MISCHEF TO THE LAND QUHEN THE LORD IS NOCHT WIS NA WELE UNDERSTANDAND. AND THAR TO ACORDIS WELE HALY WRITT, SAYAND, THAT UNHAPP CUMMYS TO THES LANDS OF QUHILK THE KING IS A BARNE. BOT THE UNDERSTANDING IS NOCHT ALLANERLY OF A BARNE OF ZOUTHEDE, BOT OF ANE ALDE KING FULL OF BARNEHEDE, BUT WIT, WISDOME AND VERTEW. AND THAREFORE SAIS HE EFTERWART, WARYIT BE THE BARNE OF ANE HUNDRETH ZERE AULDE, SAYAND IT IS NOCHT SPEDEFULL TILL A REALME TO HAVE A SYMPLE KING NA A NYCE, FOR DIGNITEE RYALL WITH NYCETEE NA SYMPILNES ACCORDIS NOCHT WELE TOGEDER, FOR GRETE HONOUR EFFERIS WELE TO BE GOVERNYT AND STERIT BE GRETE WITT. AND TREULY, I TRAIST THAT IN DIGNITEE ROYALL, FOR ANE HONOUR THARE IS A HUNDER PAYNIS AND TRAVAILIS. AND OF THIS RECOUNTIS VALERIUS LE GRAND, THAT THARE WAS A KING THAT, AGAYN HIS WILL, WAS CHOSYN BE THE COMMOUN CONSENT OF THE REALME THAT THAI WALD HAVE HIM KING, QUHETHIR HE WALD OR NOCHT. AND QUHEN THE DYADEME WAS PRESENTIT TILL HIM, HE TUKE IT IN HIS HAND, AND SAID THAT ALL MEN MYCHT HERE, WITH TERIS FALLAND OF HIS EYNE, O DYADEME. QUHAT, THOU ART NOBLE, AND MARE NOBLE NA WELE BELUFIT. AND MEN WIST QUHAT GRETE CHARGE AND LYTILL PROUFFIT, QUHAT MEKLE PERILE AND WRECHITNES FOLOWIS THE, SUPPOS THOU WAR LYAND ON THE ERDE, HE WALD NOCHT UPTAK THE WITH THY CHARGIS AND PERILIS. AND THUS IT IS NA FERLY, SUPPOS A MAN HAVE GRETE DREDE TO TAK THE CHARGE OF THE GOVERNAUNCE OF A REALME, SEN HE MON GEVE COMPT ON HIS LAST DAY OF ALL THE MISGOVERNAUNCE OF THE REALME, AND FAULTIS OF EXECUTIOUN OF JUSTICE. FOR ALL KINGIS THAT AR PERFYTELY FEFT SULD HAVE ( X ) OR ( XIJ ) GRETE CITEIS IN HIS REALME, AND ALSMONY PRINCIS WITH THAIR SUBJAIS. AND QUHARE THARE IS NOCHT SYK ANE ORDYNAUNCE THE REALME IS MISORDANYT, EFTER GUDE CUSTUMES OF POLICY. AND BE THIS CAUS MEN SAIS

THAT THE KING OF NAVARRE IS NOCHT PROPERLY KING EFTER THE ANCIENNES ORDYNANCIS AND CUSTUMES OF EMPEROURIS AND KINGIS, FOR HE HAS BOT A CITEE IN HIS CONTREE. BOT NOCHT THAN, HE IS HALDIN AS KING PRIVILEGIT BE CUSTUME. AND ZIT AW A KING TO HAVE THE VERTEW OF JUSTICE IN HIM, FOR BE ALL LAWIS, IT IS THE VERAY PROPER CONDICIOUN OF A VERTUOUS KING TO DO JUSTICE, QUHILK GIF HE DOIS NOCHT, HE TYNIS BE THE LAW THE PRIVILEGE OF KING. AND THAT AW HE TO DO OF THE RICHE TO THE PURE, OF THE MYCHETY TO WAYKE, OF THE GRETE TO THE SMALL, BUT EXCEPCIOUN OF PERSONIS, AND BUT ONY DREDE OF ERDLY MAN. NA FOR AVARICE, NA FOR PRAYERIS NA FAVOURIS HE SULD NEVER VARY, NA DECLYNE HIS HERT FRA JUSTICE. AND OF THIS MATER SPEKIS THE STORYES OF A JUST PRINCE CALLIT SALLAR, THE QUHILK IN HIS JUGEMENT WAS SA RYCHTWIS THAT FOR NA CORRUPCIOUN HE WALD NEVER CHANGE, DECLYNE, NA VARY IN JUGEMENT. AND QUHEN IT BEFELL THAT HIS AWIN SONE HAD FORFFETT BE JUSTICE HIS TWA EYNE, HE WALD NOCHT DO HIM GRACE, BOT WALDE GAR PUT THAME BATHE OUT. AND QUHEN THE GRETE COUNSALE SAW THE GRETE DESYRE AND HYE CURAGE THAT HE HAD TO DO JUSTICE, THAI MAID HIM SIK INSTAUNCE TO DO HIM SUM GRACE, THAT ALL THE PEPLE AND THE COUNSALE HALELY ON KNEIS REQUERAND HIM THAI MYCHT OPTENE NOCHT ELLIS AT HIS HAND, BOT, SEN THE LAW WALD THAT TWA EYNE WAR TYNT, HE GRAUNTIT THAT, IN STEDE OF THE TANE OF HIS SONIS EYNE, ANE OF HIS EYNE SULD BE PUT OUT. AND THUS THE NOBLE PRINCE, THAT HAD BOT A SONE, HAD LEVER MAK HIM BLYND NA FORFETT THE FAVOUR OF OURE LORD GOD FOR FAULT OF EXECUCIOUN OF JUSTICE. AND THIS TELLIS VALERIUS THE NOBLE. AND NOW QUHAT MERVAILL IS, THAT QUHEN GOD HIM SELF HAS LICHTIT IN THIS WARLD AND TANE MANNIS FLESCH TO TECHE US THE RYCHT WAYIS OF LAWIS, BATHE IN WORD AND DEDE, QUHAT BLAME SERVE WE NOW, BATHE KINGIS PRINCIS AND OTHERIS, THAT BREKIS GODDIS BIDDING, QUHEN THAI THAT WAS PAGANIS THAT WE CALL UNCRISTYN MEN, AND WIST OF NA CRISTYNDOME, KEPIT JUSTICE AND LAWTEE SA (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) WELE IN THAIR DAIS? FOR NEVER IN NA STORIES THAT I REDE

OF CRISTYN PRINCIS, I FYND NANE OF SA HYE CORAGE, AND FERME WILL AND PURPOS TO KEPE JUSTICE, AS I HAVE FUNDYN OF THE PAYENIS. AND I HAVE RED THE MAIST PART OF BATHE CRISTYN AND HETHYN, AND OF THE ALDE TESTAMENT AND OF THE NEW. BOT BECAUS I AM A PRESTE, I SULD NOCHT OUR HYELY EXHORT KINGIS AND PRINCIS TO DO JUSTICE, BOT ERAR TO MERCI AND TO GRACE. FOR THAT IS A KINGIS PROPRE CONDICIOUN, TO AY JUSTICE WITH MERCI MELLE, EFTER AS HE SEIS CAUS PITEABLE, AND AS THE CAS REQUERIS, FOR THAT IS CLEMENCE, THAT IS THE FAIREST POYNT OF A KINGIS CROUNE. AND THARE, SAIS HE, THAT A KING AUCHT WELE TO BE WIS, FORTHY THAT BE WISDOME ALL THIS WARLD IS GOVERNYT. FOR THE WISDOME OF A KING, THROU HIS VERTU AND DISCRECIOUN, KNAWIS THE QUALITEE OF HIS CONTREE, THE CONDICIOUN OF HIS FOLK, THE CONDICIOUN OF THE CAUS, AND THE STATE OF THE PERSONIS, AND THE ENTENCIOUN OF THE DOARIS, THE QUHILK AS CLERKIS SAIS, SALL JUGE EVERY MAN. FOR THE WILL AND THE PURPOS OF A PERSONE MAKIS OF THAIR DEDIS DISTINCTIOUN, AND THIS KNAULAGE MAKIS A KING QUHILUM TO DO RIGOROUS JUSTICE, QUHILUM MERCIABLE OR FAVOURABLE, BE GUDE CONSIDERACIOUN. AND TREWLY, I SAY, AND HE KEPE WELE THIR TERMES, HE IS A WORTHY PRINCE, AND WORTHY TO BE A KING AND TILL HAVE SUPERIORITEE AND SOVERANITEE, AND VICTORY OF HIS FAIS. AND THARFORE THE DOCTOUR SETTIS HERE CERTANE POYNTIS OF DOCTRINE TOUCHAND A ZONG PRINCE IN RYME QUHILKIS SPEKIS THUS: A KING THAT WILL BE ANE WORTHY WERRYOURE, HE SULDE BE WIS, FAIRE AND CURAGEUS. AND THAT HE BE LORD OF HIS SUBJECTIS, AS TO THE QUAILE THE SPERHAUK, AND THAT HE BE MISERICORDE AND RIGOROUS IN JUSTICE AS CAS REQUERIS. AND THAT, GIF HE WILL BE WELE FORTUNYT IN ARMES, BE AY FIRST. ITEM, WITH THIS A KING SULD BE OF GRETE TEMPERAUNCE OF LUSTIS, AND NATURALE DESYRIS AND INCLYNACIOUNS, BATHE IN WORD, AND IN ALL HIS DEDIS. AND HE SULD BE LARGE AND LIBERALE, HE SULD BE CHARITABLE AND PITOUS TO PURE PEPLE. AND HE SULD LUFE WELE HIS FOLK, AND CHERIS THAME IN GUDELYNES AMOROUSLY, AND

RECONFOURT THAME. BOT ALL THIS SULD BE MESURIT WITH TEMPERANCE IN MYDLYN WAY, NOCHT OUR MEKLE NA OUR LYTILL. FOR A PRINCE OR A LORDE THAT CAN NOCHT PUT MESURE IN HIS LARGESS, TO BE WYS IN LARGESSE, AND IN ALL HIS OTHIR DEDIS OF VERTU, HE IS COMPTIT NOCHT WYS. FOR TEMPERAUNCE IS CALLIT THE FERDE PRINCIPALE VERTEW CARDINALE, QUHILK SULD BE KEPIT IN A THING ANERLY. BOT IN ALL DEDIS WORDIS AND THOUCHTIS, FOR THAT IS HIS MESURE IN ALL THINGIS THAT HIM EFFERIS TO DO, FOR TO GEVE, BUT CAUS RESOUNABLE, OUTRAGEUS GIFTIS, OUR MESURE BUT GRETE NECESSITEE, IS NOCHT LARGESS, NA ZIT LIBERALITEE TILL A PRINCE, NA CALLIT VERTU, BOT IT IS COMPTIT BE WIS MEN GRETE VICE. FOR IT CUMMYS AY OF ANE EVIL BOURGEOUN THAT IS CALLIT PRODIGALITEE, QUHILK MEN CALLIS FULE LARGESS. OR IT CUMMYS OF PRIDE AND HIENES IN HERT TO PASS OTHERIS IN FREDOME. OR ELLIS IT CUMMYS OF GRETE FOLY AND WAN WITT, OR IT CUMMYS OF GRETE SUBTILITEE OF A FALS CURAGE, TO DRAW A GRETTER DRAUCHT OF DECEPCIOUN. AND THUS MAY NOCHT THIS VICE ACCORDE BE NA WAY TILL A PRINCE NA KING, FOR IT ANERDIS MARE TO SYN NA TO GUDE THEWIS. AND HERE ATOUR, HE SULD BE TEMPERIT IN HIS WORD, THAT NANE UNFITTAND WORD PART FRA HIS MOUTH, AND BE MESURIT THAT HE THINK ALWAYIS BEFORE OR HE SPEKE WITH GUDE DELIBERACIOUN, AND NAMELY IN HIS COUNSAILE AND IN HIS PERLEMENT. FOR ALL MEN TAKIS KEPE TILL A KINGIS WORD, QUHILK SULD BE FERME BUT VARIAUNCE, AND OF ALL THING, QUHEN HE IS BEFORE HIS INYMYES. ITEM, IT EFFERIS WELE TILL A KING, OR A PRINCE OR OTHIR LORDIS TO BE WELE MESURIT IN THAIR MANER OF ETING AND DRINKING, AND ALSSUA IN HIS CLETHING, AND HIS PLAYINGIS AND DISPORTIS, AND IN HIS MENSTRALSY OF TONG OR OTHIR WAYIS. TO THE QUHILKIS TO GEVE GRETE GIFTIS IS THING TYNT, BOT CURTASLY TO DO THAME GUDE, BUT EXCESS, BE MESURE, IS BOT WELE DONE. AND ZIT, HERE ATOUR, HE SULD BE WELE MESURIT IN HIS BRETHE, AND NOCHT TO BE SONE MOVIT TILL IRE. NA THAT EVER MARE OUR ALL THING, THAT HE GER MAK NANE EXECUCIOUNE OF HIS

VENGEAUNCE IN THE HETE OF HIS IRE. FOR IRE GERRIS OFT MEN EXCEDE INTO THE TYME OF THAIR BRETHE, THAT THAI FORTHINK EFTERWART. AND QUHEN AVENGEAUNCE IS TANE OF DEDE OR OTHIR UNRECOVERABLE THING, IT IS A GRETE LAK TILL A PRINCE, AND SYNE, SULD THAI BE OF REPENTAUNCE, QUHEN THAI MYCHT SETT NA REMEDE. FOR THE LAW SAIS THAT IRE LETTIS THE MANNIS CURAGE TO DISCERNE BETUIX RYCHT AND WRANG. AND THAT IRE MAKIS NOCHT MAN TILL HAVE HIS QUERELE MARE RYCHTWIS TO GODWART. AND THARFORE SULD A PRINCE TAK GUDE HEDE QUHAT HE DOIS IN HIS BRETH AND IRE. AND THARFORE ORDANYT THE ALDE LAWIS, THAT QUHEN A KING GEVIS A SUDANE SENTENCE OF DEDE, THAT EXECUCIOUN OF THAT SENTENCE SULD BE DELAYIT FOR ( XXXTQIQ ) DAYES EFTER, FOR QUHY, THAT IN THAT SPACE HE MYCHT BE CULIT OF HIS IRE RIGOROUS, AND PERAVENTURE, CHANGE HIS SENTENCE AND DO GRACE. FOR THE LAW SAIS IT IS LESSE EVILL TO LAT A MYSDOARE (MARG) ( NOTA ) (END OF MARG) PAS UNPUNYST. ITEM A PRINCE SULD BE AMESURIT TO TAK DELYTIS FLESCHLY, NOCHT VAILLABLE. FOR, QUHEN A MAN IS OUR DELYTABILY NURIST AND GOVERNYT IN HIS ZOUTHEDE, HE MAY NOCHT DURE LANGSUMLY IN THE TRAVAILIS OF WERIS. AND THARFORE SAY WE, THAT THE CHYVALRYE THAT IS NOW ON DAYES REGNAND, IS NOCHT LYKE TO THAME OF THE TYME BYGANE, FOR, AS WE REDE IN ANCIENES STORIES, THE KNYCHTIS AND LORDIS DELYTIT THAME NOCHT IN THAI TYMES IN DELICIOUS METIS NA DRINKIS, BOT IN RUDE BEF AND BACOUN AND GRETE METIS, AND LAY HARD, AND MARE IN HARNES NA IN FETHIR BEDDIS, AND MARE IN PAVILLIOUNS, TENTIS AND BASTILLES NA IN CASTELLIS AND TOWNIS, STARK OF WALLIS, AND DRANK BOT CLERE WATER OFT TYMES, AND AY THAI WAR BETTER, MARE WAKIR, AND HABLE TO THE WERIS. AND THROU HARDNESS OF LYFING, AND CUSTUME, THAI BARE IT LYCHTLY BUT ONY DISES. BOT NOW FOR THE DELICIOUS METIS, AND FETHIR BEDDIS, AND SMALL SCHETIS OF OURE LORDIS AND PRINCIS THAT THAI AR USIT TILL, GERRIS THAME THAT THAI MAY NOCHT ENDURE THE WERIS LANGSUMLY. ITEM, A PRINCE OR A KING SULD NOCHT OUR LICHTLY TROW ALL TALIS NA SUDAYN TYDINGIS. FOR MONY

LEARIS OFT TYMES FLECHIS LORDIS WITH FALS TALIS, AND SETTIS THAME IN WRANG AND EVILL PURPOS. AND THAT IS OUR GRETE PERILE IN PRINCIS AND GRETE LORDIS, TO GEVE SUDANE CREDENCE TILL ONY MANNIS TALE QUHILL HE WAR WELE INFORMYT OF THE SUTHEFASTNES. AND HE SULD BE WELE AND RYPLY AVISIT OR THAT HE WRITE TO THE PAPE ONY MATERIS, OR TILL ONY STRANGE PRINCIS, FOR ONY LYCHT MENNIS COUNSAILIS, OR ONY SMALL WRECHIT MANNIS. AND QUHEN HE WRYTIS, HIS WRITTIS SULD BE WELE AND STATELYKE DEVISIT AND DYTIT, BE WIS CLERKIS, AND MEN OF COUNSALE, AND EXPERT IN THE LAWIS, AND PURPOSLYKE, AND SYNE BE NOTABLE GUDE WRITARIS AS EFFERIS BATHE TO THE RYALTEE OF HIM THAT SENDIS THE WRITTIS AND OF HIM THAT THAI WRYTTIS AR SEND TO, AND SULD WELE AVIS FOR QUHAM HE WRYTIS, THAT THAI BE WORTHY PERSONIS. AND ALSSUA FOR QUHAT THING HE WRYTIS, THAT IT BE NOCHT A WRECHIT THING THAT HE WRYTIS FOR. AND ALS THAT HIS PETICIOUN BE BATHE RYCHTWIS AND HONOURABLE, FOR QUHEN PRINCIS PRAYIS FOR UNWORTHY PERSONIS, GOD IS OFFENDIT AND DISPLESIT THARAT. AND SYNE THE PAPE OR PRINCIS THAT HE WRYTIS TILL WILL HALD HIM FOR ANE UNWIS PRINCE THAT THE LETTRES SEND FOR SIK A PERSONE.AND WILL NOCHT SA GLADLY GRANT HIM HIS ASKING IN TYME TOCUM. AND THUS SALL THE RENOUN OF A PRINCE PAS OUR ALL THE CRISTYNDOME, AND GEVE HIM LOS AND HONOUR THAT EXCEDIS ALL WARLDIS RICHESS, THROU THE QUHILK HE SALBE PRISIT AND REDOUBTIT, BATHE WITH FAIS AND FRENDIS, AND HALDIN FOR WIS PRINCE, AND SYNE SALL HE BE LUFIT OF GOD, AND WYN THROU THAT THE JOY OF PARADIS. AND ZIT MARE, SULD A KING BE TEMPERIT AND MESURIT IN HIS CONVERSACIOUN, AND NOCHT REPAIR AMANG FOLK IN PLACIS PUBLIC OUR OFT TYMES. FOR ONY THING THAT COMMOUNS SEIS OUR OFT THAI PRIS ALL THE LESSE. AND QUHEN IT IS SELDYN SENE IT GEVIS FOLK IN MARE GRETE DESYRE TO SE IT AGAYNE, AY MARE AND MARE. AND FOR THIS CAUS THE GRETE SOULDANE OF BABILONE CUMMYS BOT THRIS IN THE ZERE IN PUBLIK AUDENCE FURTHWART. AND THAN, QUHEN HE CUMMYS FURTHWART ON THRE

FESTUALE DAYES, HE CUMMYS RYDAND WITH SIK A STATE AND SOLEMPNITEE THAT ALL THE PEPLE DESYRIS AND PRESS THE MARE TO SE HIM NA HE RADE EVERY DAY, OR EVERY WOLK OR MONETH. BOT GIF IT BE QUHEN THAT HE RYDIS IN WERE FARE, AND THAN ALL HIS PEPLE AND CHYVALRYE MAY SE HIM. AND SUPPOS I MYCHT ZIT COMPILE AND GADER TOGEDIR MONY VERTUES AND PROPRIETEIS THAT SULD BE IN A PRINCE, AND ALS MONY THINGIS OF MYSGOVERNAUNCE THAT HE SULD ESCHEW. BOT IN GUDE FAITH, THE DOCTOUR SAIS THAT HE WAS SA IRKIT OF WRYTING THAT HE MYCHT NOCHT, AS NOW, NA MARE TAK ON HAND AS TO PUT IN THIS BUKE OF BATAILLIS. BOT, AND GOD GEVE HIM LYVE DAYES, HE SAIS IN CONCLUSIOUN OF HIS BUKE, HE SALL COMPILE A TRETY OF PROPRIETEIS OF GUDE CONDICIOUNS, BATHE OF TEMPORALE MEN AND OF MEN OF KIRK, THAT SALBE GUDE AND PROUFFITABLE FOR ALL MEN THAT ON LUKIS, BATHE LANGAND THE GOVERNAUNCE OF THAIR OFFICE AND DIGNITEIS, AS MAY BE COMPYLIT BE THE FOUNDEMENT OF HALY WRITT AND EFTER THE LAWIS WRITTYN. BOT HERE HE PRAYIS TO GOD MEKELY THAT HE SEND GRACE AND GUDE GOVERNAUNCE TO THE PRINCE THAT HE HAS COMPILIT THIS WRYTT FOR, AND MAID THIS BUKE TILL, THAT IS TO SAY KING PHILIP OF FRAUNCE, AND GEVE HIM GRACE SA TO REULE HIS REALME AND HIS RYALL MAGESTEE AND ESTATE, THAT GOD BE PAYIT OF HIM AND BRING HIM TILL HIS EVER LESTAND JOYE OF PARADIS AT HIS ENDING, AND ALL HIS FRENDIS AND WELE WILLARIS. ( IN NOMINE PATRIS, ET FILII, ET SPIRITUS SANCTI. AMEN. ETC. ) (COLOPH) ( EXPLICIT LIBER BELLORUM, SED POTIUS DOLORUM, UT RECITAT DOCTOR IN PLURIBUS. ETC. ) END OF THE FIRST VOLUME (END OF COLOPH)