####**XI####-^V4^-^P1^-^L1^-----<00> ###DEFN###-----<00> -----OROI ##1##-a41 Stere4on 2esti t6o m5hko@ ka6i pl4ato@ ka6i b4aqo@ 24exon. ##2##-b41 Stereo5u d6e p4era@ 2epif4aneia. ##3##-g41 E2uqe5ia pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 2orq4h 2estin, 34otan pr6o@ p4asa@ t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj <2<3upokeim4enwj>2> 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi5hj gwn4ia@. ##4##-d41 2Ep4ipedon pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 2orq4on 2estin, 34otan a3i t5hj koin5hj tom5hj t5wn 2epip4edwn pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ag4omenai e2uqe5iai 2en 3en6i t5wn 2epip4edwn t5wj loip5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25wsin. ##5##-e41 E2uqe4ia@ pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon kl4isi@ 2est4in, 34otan 2ap6o to5u mete4wrou p4erato@ t5h@ e2uqe4ia@ 2ep6i t6o 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 2axq5hj, ka6i 2ap6o to5u genom4enou shme4iou 2ep6i t6o 2en t5wj 2epip4edwj p4era@ t5h@ e2uqe4ia@ e2uqe5ia 2epizeuxq5hj, 3h periexom4enh gwn4ia 3up6o t5h@ 2axqe4ish@ ka6i t5h@ 2efest4wsh@. ##6##-@t41 2Epip4edou pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon kl4isi@ 2est6in 3h periexom4enh 2oce5ia gwn4ia 3up6o t5wn pr6o@ 2orq6a@ t5hj koin5hj tom5hj 2agom4enwn pr6o@ t5wj a2ut5wj shme4iwj 2en 3ekat4erwj t5wn 2ep4ipedon. ^+^ ##7##-z41 2Ep4ipedon pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 3omo4iw@ kekl4isqai l4egetai ka6i 34eteron pr6o@ 34eteron, 34otan a3i e2irhm4enai t5wn kl4isewn gwn4iai 24isai 2all4hlai@ 25wsin. ##8##-h41 Par4allhla 2ep4iped4a 2esti t6a 2as4umptwta. ##9##-q41 34Omoia stere6a sx4hmat4a 2esti t6a 3up6o 3omo4iwn 2epip4edwn periex4omena 24iswn t6o pl5hqo@. ##10##-i41 24Isa d6e ka6i 34omoia stere6a sx4hmat4a 2esti t6a 3up6o 3omo4iwn 2epip4edwn periex4omena 24iswn t5wj pl4hqei ka6i t5wj meg4eqei. ##11##-ia41 Stere6a gwn4ia 2est6in 3h 3up6o plei4onwn 26h d4uo gramm5wn 3aptom4enwn 2all4hlwn ka6i m6h 2en t5hj a2ut5hj 2epifane4iaj o2us5wn pr6o@ p4asai@ ta5i@ gramma5i@ kl4isi@. 24Allw@: stere6a gwn4ia 2est6in 3h 3up6o plei4onwn 26h d4uo gwni5wn 2epip4edwn periexom4enh m6h o2us5wn 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 3en6i shme4iwj sunistam4enwn. ##12##-ib41 Puram4i@ 2esti sx5hma stere6on 2epip4edoi@ periex4omenon 2ap6o 3en6o@ 2epip4edou pr6o@ 3en6i shme4iwj sunest4w@. ##13##-ig41 Pr4isma 2est6i sx5hma stere6on 2epip4edoi@ periex4omenon, 35wn d4uo t6a 2apenant4ion 24isa te ka6i 34omoi4a 2esti ka6i par4allhla, t6a d6e loip6a parallhl4ogramma. ##14##-id41 Sfa5ir4a 2estin, 34otan 3hmikukl4iou meno4ush@ t5h@ diam4etrou perienexq6en t6o 3hmik4uklion e2i@ t6o a2ut6o p4alin 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, t6o perilhfq6en sx5hma. ##15##-ie41 24Acwn d6e t5h@ sfa4ira@ 2est6in 3h m4enousa e2uqe5ia, per6i 36hn t6o 3hmik4uklion str4efetai. ##16##-i@t41 K4entron d6e t5h@ sfa4ira@ 2est6i t6o a2ut4o, 36o ka6i to5u 3hmikukl4iou. ^+^ ##17##-iz41 Di4ametro@ d6e t5h@ sfa4ira@ 2est6in e2uqe5i4a ti@ di6a to5u k4entrou 2hgm4enh ka6i peratoum4enh 2ef' 3ek4atera t6a m4erh 3up6o t5h@ 2epifane4ia@ t5h@ sfa4ira@. ##18##-ih41 K5wn4o@ 2estin, 34otan 2orqogwn4iou trig4wnou meno4ush@ mi5a@ pleur5a@ t5wn per6i t6hn 2orq6hn gwn4ian perienexq6en t6o tr4igwnon e2i@ t6o a2ut6o p4alin 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, t6o perilhfq6en sx5hma. k26an m6en 3h m4enousa e2uqe5ia 24ish 25hj t5hj loip5hj <22> per6i t6hn 2orq6hn periferom4enhj, ^-^ 2orqog4wnio@ 24estai 3o k5wno@, 2e6an d6e 2el4attwn, 2amblug4wnio@, 2e6an d6e me4izwn, 2ocug4wnio@. ##19##-iq41 24Acwn d6e to5u k4wnou 2est6in 3h m4enousa e2uqe5ia, per6i 36hn t6o tr4igwnon str4efetai. ##20##-k41 B4asi@ d6e 3o k4uklo@ 3o 3up6o t5h@ periferom4enh@ e2uqe4ia@ graf4omeno@. ##21##-ka41 K4ulindr4o@ 2estin, 34otan 2orqogwn4iou parallhlogr4ammou meno4ush@ mi5a@ pleur5a@ t5wn per6i t6hn 2orq6hn gwn4ian perienexq6en t6o parallhl4ogrammon e2i@ t6o a2ut6o p4alin 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, t6o perilhfq6en sx5hma. ##22##-kb41 24Acwn d6e to5u kul4indrou 2est6in 3h m4enousa e2uqe5ia, per6i 36hn t6o parallhl4ogrammon str4efetai. ##23##-kg41 B4asei@ d6e o3i k4ukloi o3i 3up6o t5wn 2apenant4ion periagom4enwn d4uo pleur5wn graf4omenoi. ##24##-kd41 34Omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindro4i e2isin, 35wn o34i te 24acone@ ka6i a3i di4ametroi t5wn b4asewn 2an4alog4on e2isin. ##25##-ke41 K4ubo@ 2est6i sx5hma stere6on 3up6o 36ec tetrag4wnwn 24iswn periex4omenon. ^+^ ##26##-k@t41 2Okt4aedr4on 2esti sx5hma stere6on 3up6o 2okt6w trig4wnwn 24iswn ka6i 2isople4urwn periex4omenon. ##27##-kz41 E2ikos4aedr4on 2esti sx5hma stere6on 3up6o e24ikosi trig4wnwn 24iswn ka6i 2isople4urwn periex4omenon. ##28##-kh41 Dwdek4aedr4on 2esti sx5hma stere6on 3up6o d4wdeka pentag4wnwn 24iswn ka6i 2isople4urwn ka6i 2isogwn4iwn periex4o* menon. ###PROP###-----<00> ##1##-------a41 -E2uqe4ia@ gramm5h@ m4ero@ m4en ti o2uk 24estin 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj, 2epip4edwj, m4ero@ d4e ti 2en metewrot4erwj. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, e2uqe4ia@ gramm5h@ t5h@ ABG m4ero@ m4en ti t6o AB 24estw 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, m4ero@ d4e ti t6o BG 2en metewrot4erwj. -24Estai d4h ti@ t5hj AB sunex6h@ e2uqe5ia 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj. 24estw 3h BD: d4uo 24ara e2uqei5wn t5wn ABG, ABD koin6on tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AB: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton, 2epeid4hper 2e6an k4entrwj t5wj B ka6i diast4hmati t5wj AB k4uklon gr4aywmen, a3i di4ametroi 2an4isou@ 2apol4hyontai to5u k4uklou perifere4ia@. ^+^ -E2uqe4ia@ 24ara gramm5h@ m4ero@ m4en ti o2uk 24estin 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, t6o d6e 2en metewrot4erwj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2##-------b41 -2E6an d4uo e2uqe5iai t4emnwsin 2all4hla@, 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj, ka6i p5an tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. -D4uo g6ar e2uqe5iai a3i AB, GD temn4etwsan 2all4hla@ kat6a t6o E shme5ion: l4egw, 34oti a3i AB, GD 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj, ka6i p5an tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. -E2il4hfqw g6ar 2ep6i t5wn EG, EB tux4onta shme5ia t6a Z, H, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i GB, ZH, ka6i di4hxqwsan a3i ZQ, HK: l4egw pr5wton, 34oti t6o EGB tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. e2i g4ar 2esti to5u EGB trig4wnou m4ero@ 24htoi t6o ZQG 26h t6o HBK 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj <2<2epip4edwj>2>, t6o d6e loip6on 2en 24allwj, 24estai ka6i mi5a@ t5wn EG, EB e2uqei5wn m4ero@ m4en ti 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, t6o d6e 2en 24allwj. e2i d6e to5u EGB trig4wnou t6o ZGBH m4ero@ 25hj 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, t6o d6e loip6on 2en 24allwj, 24estai ka6i 2amfot4erwn t5wn EG, EB e2uqei5wn m4ero@ m4en ti 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, t6o d6e 2en 24allwj: 34oper 24atopon 2ede4ixqh. t6o 24ara EGB tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. 2en 35wj d4e 2esti t6o EGB tr4igwnon, 2en to4utwj ka6i 3ekat4era t5wn EG, EB, 2en 35wj d6e 3ekat4era t5wn EG, EB, 2en to4utwj ka6i a3i AB, GD. a3i AB, ^+^ GD 24ara e2uqe5iai 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj, ka6i p5an tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##3##-------g41 -2E6an d4uo 2ep4ipeda t4emnhj 24allhla, 3h koin6h a2ut5wn tom6h e2uqe5i4a 2estin. -D4uo g6ar 2ep4ipeda t6a AB, BG temn4etw 24allhla, koin6h d6e a2ut5wn tom6h 24estw 3h DB gramm4h: l4egw, 34oti 3h DB gramm6h e2uqe5i4a 2estin. -E2i g6ar m4h, 2epeze4uxqw 2ap6o to5u D 2ep6i t6o B 2en m6en t5wj AB 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ia 3h DEB, 2en d6e t5wj BG 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ia 3h DZB. 24estai d6h d4uo e2uqei5wn t5wn DEB, DZB t6a a2ut6a p4erata, ka6i peri4ecousi dhlad6h xwr4ion: 34oper 24atopon. o2uk 24ara a3i DEB, DZB e2uqe5ia4i e2isin. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 24allh ti@ 2ap6o to5u D 2ep6i t6o B 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 24estai pl6hn t5h@ DB koin5h@ tom5h@ t5wn AB, BG 2epip4edwn. -2E6an 24ara d4uo 2ep4ipeda t4emnhj 24allhla, 3h koin6h a2ut5wn tom6h e2uqe5i4a 2estin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##4##-------d41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia d4uo e2uqe4iai@ temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t5h@ koin5h@ tom5h@ 2epistaq5hj, ka6i t5wj di' a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai. ^+^ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h EZ d4uo e2uqe4iai@ ta5i@ AB, GD temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ kat6a t6o E shme5ion 2ap6o to5u E pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2efest4atw: l4egw, 34oti 3h EZ ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn AB, GD 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. -2Apeil4hfqwsan g6ar a3i AE, EB, GE, ED 24isai 2all4hlai@, ka6i di4hxqw ti@ di6a to5u E, 3w@ 24etuxen, 3h HEZ, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AD, GB, ka6i 24eti 2ap6o tux4onto@ to5u Z 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i ZA, ZH, ZD, ZG, ZQ, ZB. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AE, ED dus6i ta5i@ GE, EB 24isai e2is6i ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AD b4asei t5hj GB 24ish 2est4in, ka6i t6o AED tr4igwnon t5wj GEB trig4wnwj 24ison 24estai: 34wste ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o DAE gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o EBG 24ish <2<2est4in>2>. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o AEH gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o BEQ 24ish. d4uo d6h tr4igwn4a 2esti t6a AHE, BEQ t6a@ d4uo gwn4ia@ dus6i gwn4iai@ 24isa@ 24exonta 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj ka6i m4ian pleur6an mi5aj pleur5aj 24ishn t6hn pr6o@ ta5i@ 24isai@ gwn4iai@ t6hn AE t5hj EB: ka6i t6a@ loip6a@ 24ara pleur6a@ ta5i@ loipa5i@ pleura5i@ 24isa@ 34ecousin. 24ish 24ara 3h m6en HE t5hj EQ, 3h d6e AH t5hj BQ. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AE t5hj EB, koin6h d6e ka6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h ZE, b4asi@ 24ara 3h ZA b4asei t5hj ZB 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h ZG t5hj ZD 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AD t5hj GB, 24esti d6e ka6i 3h ZA t5hj ZB 24ish, d4uo d6h a3i ZA, AD dus6i ta5i@ ZB, BG ^+^ 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj: ka6i b4asi@ 3h ZD b4asei t5hj ZG 2ede4ixqh 24ish: ka6i gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ZAD gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o ZBG 24ish 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i p4alin 2ede4ixqh 3h AH t5hj BQ 24ish, 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3h ZA t5hj ZB 24ish, d4uo d6h a3i ZA, AH dus6i ta5i@ ZB, BQ 24isai e2is4in. ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ZAH 2ede4ixqh 24ish t5hj 3up6o ZBQ: b4asi@ 24ara 3h ZH b4asei t5hj ZQ 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i p4alin 24ish 2ede4ixqh 3h HE t5hj EQ, koin6h d6e 3h EZ, d4uo d6h a3i HE, EZ dus6i ta5i@ QE, EZ 24isai e2is4in: ka6i b4asi@ 3h ZH b4asei t5hj ZQ 24ish: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o HEZ gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o QEZ 24ish 2est4in. 2orq6h 24ara 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o HEZ, QEZ gwni5wn. 3h ZE 24ara pr6o@ t6hn HQ tux4ontw@ di6a to5u E 2axqe5isan 2orq4h 2estin. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti 3h ZE ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@. e2uqe5ia d6e pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 2orq4h 2estin, 34otan pr6o@ p4asa@ t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi5hj gwn4ia@: 3h ZE 24ara t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. t6o d6e 3upoke4imenon 2ep4iped4on 2esti t6o di6a t5wn AB, GD e2uqei5wn. 3h ZE 24ara pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2esti t5wj di6a t5wn AB, GD 2epip4edwj. -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia d4uo e2uqe4iai@ temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t5h@ koin5h@ tom5h@ 2epistaq5hj, ka6i t5wj di' a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##5##-------e41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia tris6in e2uqe4iai@ 3aptom4enai@ 2all4hlwn pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t5h@ koin5h@ tom5h@ 2epistaq5hj, a3i tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB tris6in e2uqe4iai@ ta5i@ BG, BD, BE pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t5h@ kat6a t6o B 3af5h@ 2efest4atw: l4egw, 34oti a3i BG, BD, BE 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. -M6h g4ar, 2all' e2i dunat4on, 24estwsan a3i m6en BD, BE 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj, 3h d6e BG 2en metewrot4erwj, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw t6o di6a t5wn AB, BG 2ep4ipedon: koin6hn d6h tom6hn poi4hsei 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ian. poie4itw t6hn BZ. 2en 3en6i 24ara e2is6in 2epip4edwj t5wj dihgm4enwj di6a t5wn AB, BG a3i tre5i@ e2uqe5iai a3i AB, BG, BZ. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn BD, BE, ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn BD, BE 24ara 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin 3h AB. t6o d6e di6a t5wn BD, BE 2ep4ipedon t6o 3upoke4imen4on 2estin: 3h AB 24ara 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon. 34wste ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@ 3h AB. 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3h BZ o25usa 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj: 3h 24ara 3up6o ABZ gwn4ia 2orq4h 2estin. 3up4okeitai d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o ABG 2orq4h: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o ABZ gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o ABG. ka4i e2isin 2en 3en6i 2epip4edwj: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h BG e2uqe5ia 2en ^+^ metewrot4erwj 2est6in 2epip4edwj: a3i tre5i@ 24ara e2uqe5iai a3i BG, BD, BE 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia tris6in e2uqe4iai@ 3aptom4enai@ 2all4hlwn 2ep6i t5h@ 3af5h@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2epistaq5hj, a3i tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##6##-------@t41 -2E6an d4uo e2uqe5iai t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25wsin, par4allhloi 24esontai a3i e2uqe5iai. -D4uo g6ar e2uqe5iai a3i AB, GD t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estwsan: l4egw, 34oti par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h AB t5hj GD. -Sumball4etwsan g6ar t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6a B, D shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h BD e2uqe5ia, ka6i 24hxqw t5hj BD pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 3h DE, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj AB 24ish 3h DE, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i BE, AE, AD. -Ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ <2<24ara>2> t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@. 34aptetai d6e t5h@ AB 3ekat4era t5wn BD, BE o25usa 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj: 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o ABD, ABE gwni5wn. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o GDB, GDE 2orq4h 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj DE, koin6h d6e 3h BD, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BD dus6i ta5i@ ED, DB ^+^ 24isai e2is4in: ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin: b4asi@ 24ara 3h AD b4asei t5hj BE 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj DE, 2all6a ka6i 3h AD t5hj BE, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BE dus6i ta5i@ ED, DA 24isai e2is4in: ka6i b4asi@ a2ut5wn koin6h 3h AE: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABE gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o EDA 2estin 24ish. 2orq6h d6e 3h 3up6o ABE: 2orq6h 24ara ka6i 3h 3up6o EDA: 3h ED 24ara pr6o@ t6hn DA 2orq4h 2estin. 24esti d6e ka6i pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn BD, DG 2orq4h. 3h ED 24ara tris6in e2uqe4iai@ ta5i@ BD, DA, DG pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t5h@ 3af5h@ 2ef4esthken: a3i tre5i@ 24ara e2uqe5iai a3i BD, DA, DG 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. 2en 35wj d6e a3i DB, DA, 2en to4utwj ka6i 3h AB: p5an g6ar tr4igwnon 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj: a3i 24ara AB, BD, DG e2uqe5iai 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. ka4i 2estin 2orq6h 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o ABD, BDG gwni5wn: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5hj GD. -2E6an 24ara d4uo e2uqe5iai t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ^-^ 25wsin, par4allhloi 24esontai a3i e2uqe5iai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##7##-------z41 -2E6an 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, lhfq5hj d6e 2ef' 3ekat4era@ a2ut5wn tux4onta shme5ia, 3h 2ep6i t6a shme5ia 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj 2est6i ta5i@ parall4hloi@. -24Estwsan d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi a3i AB, GD, ka6i e2il4hfqw 2ef' 3ekat4era@ a2ut5wn tux4onta shme5ia t6a E, Z: l4egw, 34oti 3h 2ep6i t6a E, Z shme5ia 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj 2est6i ta5i@ parall4hloi@. ^+^ -M6h g4ar, 2all' e2i dunat4on, 24estw 2en metewrot4erwj 3w@ 3h EHZ, ka6i di4hxqw di6a t5h@ EHZ 2ep4ipedon: tom6hn d6h poi4hsei 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ian. poie4itw 3w@ t6hn EZ: d4uo 24ara e2uqe5iai a3i EHZ, EZ xwr4ion peri4ecousin: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h 2ap6o to5u E 2ep6i t6o Z 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 2en metewrot4erwj 2est6in 2epip4edwj: 2en t5wj di6a t5wn AB, GD 24ara parall4hlwn 2est6in 2epip4edwj 3h 2ap6o to5u E 2ep6i t6o Z 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia. -2E6an 24ara 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, lhfq5hj d6e 2ef' 3ekat4era@ a2ut5wn tux4onta shme5ia, 3h 2ep6i t6a shme5ia 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj 2est6i ta5i@ parall4hloi@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##8##-------h41 -2E6an 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, 3h d6e 3et4era a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i 3h loip6h t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai. -24Estwsan d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi a3i AB, GD, 3h d6e 3et4era a2ut5wn 3h AB t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estw: l4egw, 34oti ka6i 3h loip6h 3h GD t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai. -Sumball4etwsan g6ar a3i AB, GD t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6a B, D shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h BD: a3i AB, GD, BD 24ara 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. 24hxqw t5hj ^+^ BD pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 3h DE, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj AB 24ish 3h DE, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i BE, AE, AD. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin 3h AB: 2orq6h 24ara <2<2est6in>2> 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o ABD, ABE gwni5wn. ka6i 2epe6i e2i@ parall4hlou@ t6a@ AB, GD e2uqe5ia 2emp4eptwken 3h BD, a3i 24ara 3up6o ABD, GDB gwn4iai dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in. 2orq6h d6e 3h 3up6o ABD: 2orq6h 24ara ka6i 3h 3up6o GDB: 3h GD 24ara pr6o@ t6hn BD 2orq4h 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj DE, koin6h d6e 3h BD, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BD dus6i ta5i@ ED, DB 24isai e2is4in: ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ABD gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o EDB 24ish: 2orq6h g6ar 3ekat4era: b4asi@ 24ara 3h AD b4asei t5hj BE 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AB t5hj DE, 3h d6e BE t5hj AD, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BE dus6i ta5i@ ED, DA 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj. ka6i b4asi@ a2ut5wn koin6h 3h AE: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABE gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o EDA 2estin 24ish. 2orq6h d6e 3h 3up6o ABE: 2orq6h 24ara ka6i 3h 3up6o EDA: 3h ED 24ara pr6o@ t6hn AD 2orq4h 2estin. 24esti d6e ka6i pr6o@ t6hn DB 2orq4h: 3h ED 24ara ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn BD, DA 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin. ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj di6a t5wn BDA 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@ 3h ED. 2en d6e t5wj di6a t5wn BDA 2epip4edwj 2est6in 3h DG, 2epeid4hper 2en t5wj di6a t5wn BDA 2epip4edwj e2is6in a3i AB, BD, 2en 35wj d6e a3i AB, BD, 2en to4utwj 2est6i ka6i 3h DG. 3h ED 24ara t5hj DG pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin: ^+^ 34wste ka6i 3h GD t5hj DE pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h GD t5hj BD pr6o@ 2orq4a@. 3h GD 24ara d4uo e2uqe4iai@ temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ ta5i@ DE, DB 2ap6o t5h@ kat6a t6o D tom5h@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ef4esthken: 34wste 3h GD ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn DE, DB 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. t6o d6e di6a t5wn DE, DB 2ep4ipedon t6o 3upoke4imen4on 2estin: 3h GD 24ara t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. -2E6an 24ara 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, 3h d6e m4ia a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i 3h loip6h t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##9##-------q41 -A3i t5hj a2ut5hj e2uqe4iaj par4allhloi ka6i m6h o25usai a2ut5hj 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj ka6i 2all4hlai@ e2is6i par4allhloi. -24Estw g6ar 3ekat4era t5wn AB, GD t5hj EZ par4allhlo@ m6h o25usai a2ut5hj 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj: l4egw, 34oti par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h AB t5hj GD. -E2il4hfqw g6ar 2ep6i t5h@ EZ tux6on shme5ion t6o H, ka6i 2ap' a2uto5u t5hj EZ 2en m6en t5wj di6a t5wn EZ, AB 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 3h HQ, 2en d6e t5wj di6a t5wn ZE, GD t5hj EZ p4alin pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 3h HK. ka6i 2epe6i 3h EZ pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn HQ, HK 2orq4h 2estin, 3h EZ 24ara ka6i t5wj di6a ^+^ t5wn HQ, HK 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. ka4i 2estin 3h EZ t5hj AB par4allhlo@: ka6i 3h AB 24ara t5wj di6a t5wn QHK 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h GD t5wj di6a t5wn QHK 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin: 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn AB, GD t5wj di6a t5wn QHK 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. 2e6an d6e d4uo e2uqe5iai t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25wsin, par4allhlo4i e2isin a3i e2uqe5iai: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5hj GD: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##10##-------i41 -2E6an d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn 25wsi m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4ecousin. -D4uo g6ar e2uqe5iai a3i AB, BG 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ t6a@ DE, EZ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn 24estwsan m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj: l4egw, 34oti 24ish 2est6in 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o DEZ. -2Apeil4hfqwsan g6ar a3i BA, BG, ED, EZ 24isai 2all4hlai@, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AD, GZ, BE, AG, DZ. ka6i 2epe6i 3h BA t5hj ED 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@, ka6i 3h ^+^ AD 24ara t5hj BE 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h GZ t5hj BE 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@: 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn AD, GZ t5hj BE 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@. a3i d6e t5hj a2ut5hj e2uqe4iaj par4allhloi ka6i m6h o25usai a2ut5hj 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj ka6i 2all4hlai@ e2is6i par4allhloi: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AD t5hj GZ ka6i 24ish. ka6i 2epizeugn4uousin a2ut6a@ a3i AG, DZ: ka6i 3h AG 24ara t5hj DZ 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AB, BG dus6i ta5i@ DE, EZ 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h AG b4asei t5hj DZ 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o DEZ 2estin 24ish. 2E6an 24ara d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn 25wsi m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4ecousin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##11##-------ia41 -2Ap6o to5u doq4ento@ shme4iou mete4wrou 2ep6i t6o doq6en 2ep4ipedon k4aqeton e2uqe5ian gramm6hn 2agage5in. -24Estw t6o m6en doq6en shme5ion met4ewron t6o A, t6o d6e doq6en 2ep4ipedon t6o 3upoke4imenon: de5i d6h 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou 2ep6i t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon k4aqeton e2uqe5ian gramm6hn 2agage5in. ^+^ -Di4hxqw g4ar ti@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ia, 3w@ 24etuxen, 3h BG, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou 2ep6i t6hn BG k4aqeto@ 3h AD. e2i m6en o25un 3h AD k4aqet4o@ 2esti ka6i 2ep6i t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon, gegon6o@ 26an e24ih t6o 2epitaxq4en. e2i d6e o24u, 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u D shme4iou t5hj BG 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h DE, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u A 2ep6i t6hn DE k4aqeto@ 3h AZ, ka6i di6a to5u Z shme4iou t5hj BG par4allhlo@ 24hxqw 3h HQ. -Ka6i 2epe6i 3h BG 3ekat4eraj t5wn DA, DE pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, 3h BG 24ara ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn EDA 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. ka4i 2estin a2ut5hj par4allhlo@ 3h HQ: 2e6an d6e 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, 3h d6e m4ia a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i 3h loip6h t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: ka6i 3h HQ 24ara t5wj di6a t5wn ED, DA 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj di6a t5wn ED, DA 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin 3h HQ. 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3h AZ o25usa 2en t5wj di6a t5wn ED, DA 2epip4edwj: 3h HQ 24ara 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6hn ZA: 34wste ka6i 3h ZA 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6hn QH. 24esti d6e 3h AZ ka6i pr6o@ t6hn DE 2orq4h: 3h AZ 24ara pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn HQ, DE 2orq4h 2estin. 2e6an d6e e2uqe5ia dus6in e2uqe4iai@ temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ 2ep6i t5h@ tom5h@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2epistaq5hj, ka6i t5wj di' a2ut5wn 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: 3h ZA 24ara t5wj di6a t5wn ^+^ ED, HQ 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. t6o d6e di6a t5wn ED, HQ 2ep4iped4on 2esti t6o 3upoke4imenon: 3h AZ 24ara t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. -2Ap6o to5u 24ara doq4ento@ shme4iou mete4wrou to5u A 2ep6i t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ e2uqe5ia gramm6h 25hktai 3h AZ: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ##12##-------ib41 -T5wj doq4enti 2epip4edwj 2ap6o to5u pr6o@ a2ut5wj doq4ento@ shme4iou pr6o@ 2orq6a@ e2uqe5ian gramm6hn 2anast5hsai. -24Estw t6o m6en doq6en 2ep4ipedon t6o 3upoke4imenon, t6o d6e pr6o@ a2ut5wj shme5ion t6o A: de5i d6h 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ e2uqe5ian gramm6hn 2anast5hsai. -Neno4hsqw ti shme5ion met4ewron t6o B, ka6i 2ap6o to5u B 2ep6i t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h BG, ka6i di6a to5u A shme4iou t5hj BG par4allhlo@ 24hxqw 3h AD. -2Epe6i o25un d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhlo4i e2isin a3i AD, GB, 3h d6e m4ia a2ut5wn 3h BG t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, ka6i 3h loip6h 24ara 3h AD t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. -T5wj 24ara doq4enti 2epip4edwj 2ap6o to5u pr6o@ a2ut5wj shme4iou to5u A pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2an4estatai 3h AD: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ^+^ ##13##-------ig41 -2Ap6o to5u a2uto5u shme4iou t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj d4uo e2uqe5iai pr6o@ 2orq6a@ o2uk 2anast4hsontai 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 2ap6o to5u a2uto5u shme4iou to5u A t5wj ^-^ 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj d4uo e2uqe5iai a3i AB, AG pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2anest4atwsan 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh, ka6i di4hxqw t6o di6a t5wn BA, AG 2ep4ipedon: tom6hn d6h poi4hsei di6a to5u A 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj e2uqe5ian. poie4itw t6hn DAE: a3i 24ara AB, AG, DAE e2uqe5iai 2en 3en4i e2isin 2epip4edwj. ka6i 2epe6i 3h GA t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@. 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3h DAE o25usa 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj: 3h 24ara 3up6o GAE gwn4ia 2orq4h 2estin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o BAE 2orq4h 2estin: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o GAE t5hj 3up6o BAE. ka4i e2isin 2en 3en6i 2epip4edwj: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. -O2uk 24ara 2ap6o to5u a2uto5u shme4iou t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj d4uo e2uqe5iai pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2anastaq4hsontai 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##14##-------id41 -Pr6o@ 36a 2ep4ipeda 3h a2ut6h e2uqe5ia 2orq4h 2estin, par4allhla 24estai t6a 2ep4ipeda. ^+^ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB pr6o@ 3ek4ateron t5wn GD, EZ 2epip4edwn pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estw: l4egw, 34oti par4allhl4a 2esti t6a 2ep4ipeda. -E2i g6ar m4h, 2ekball4omena sumpeso5untai. sumpipt4etwsan: poi4hsousi d6h koin6hn tom6hn e2uqe5ian. poie4itwsan t6hn HQ, ka6i e2il4hfqw 2ep6i t5h@ HQ tux6on shme5ion t6o K, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AK, BK. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o EZ 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ t6hn BK 24ara e2uqe5ian o25usan 2en t5wj EZ 2ekblhq4enti 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin 3h AB: 3h 24ara 3up6o ABK gwn4ia 2orq4h 2estin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o BAK 2orq4h 2estin. trig4wnou d6h to5u ABK a3i d4uo gwn4iai a3i 3up6o ABK, BAK dus6in 2orqa5i@ e2isin 24isai: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara t6a GD, EZ 2ep4ipeda 2ekball4omena sumpeso5untai: par4allhla 24ara 2est6i t6a GD, EZ 2ep4ipeda. -Pr6o@ 36a 2ep4ipeda 24ara 3h a2ut6h e2uqe5ia 2orq4h 2estin, par4allhl4a 2esti t6a 2ep4ipeda: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##15##-------ie41 -2E6an d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn 25wsi m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj o25usai, par4allhl4a 2esti t6a di' a2ut5wn 2ep4ipeda. -D4uo g6ar e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn a3i AB, BG par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn t6a@ DE, EZ 24estwsan m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj o25usai: l4egw, 34oti 2ekball4omena t6a di6a t5wn AB, BG, DE, EZ 2ep4ipeda o2u sumpese5itai 2all4hloi@. -24Hxqw g6ar 2ap6o to5u B shme4iou 2ep6i t6o di6a t5wn DE, EZ 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 3h BH ka6i sumball4etw t5wj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o H shme5ion, ka6i di6a to5u H t5hj m6en ED par4allhlo@ 24hxqw 3h HQ, t5hj d6e EZ 3h HK. ka6i 2epe6i 3h BH 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o di6a t5wn DE, EZ 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj di6a t5wn DE, EZ 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@. 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3ekat4era t5wn HQ, HK o25usa 2en t5wj di6a t5wn DE, EZ 2epip4edwj: 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o BHQ, BHK gwni5wn. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h BA t5hj HQ, a3i 24ara 3up6o HBA, BHQ gwn4iai dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in. 2orq6h d6e 3h 3up6o BHQ: 2orq6h 24ara ka6i 3h 3up6o HBA: 3h HB 24ara t5hj BA pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h 3h HB ka6i t5hj BG ^+^ 2esti pr6o@ 2orq4a@. 2epe6i o25un e2uqe5ia 3h HB dus6in e2uqe4iai@ ta5i@ BA, BG temno4usai@ 2all4hla@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ef4esthken, 3h HB 24ara ka6i t5wj di6a t5wn BA, BG 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. <22>. pr6o@ 36a d6e 2ep4ipeda 3h a2ut6h e2uqe5ia 2orq4h 2estin, par4allhl4a 2esti t6a 2ep4ipeda: par4allhlon 24ara 2est6i t6o di6a t5wn AB, BG 2ep4ipedon t5wj di6a t5wn DE, EZ. -2E6an 24ara d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn 25wsi m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj, par4allhl4a 2esti t6a di' a2ut5wn 2ep4ipeda: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##16##-------i@t41 -2E6an d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla 3up6o 2epip4edou tin6o@ t4emnhtai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn toma6i par4allhlo4i e2isin. -D4uo g6ar 2ep4ipeda par4allhla t6a AB, GD 3up6o 2epip4edou to5u EZHQ temn4esqw, koina6i d6e a2ut5wn toma6i 24estwsan a3i EZ, HQ: l4egw, 34oti par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h EZ t5hj HQ. ^+^ -E2i g6ar m4h, 2ekball4omenai a3i EZ, HQ 24htoi 2ep6i t6a Z, Q m4erh 26h 2ep6i t6a E, H sumpeso5untai. 2ekbebl4hsqwsan 3w@ 2ep6i t6a Z, Q m4erh ka6i sumpipt4etwsan pr4oteron kat6a t6o K. ka6i 2epe6i 3h EZK 2en t5wj AB 2estin 2epip4edwj, ka6i p4anta 24ara t6a 2ep6i t5h@ EZK shme5ia 2en t5wj AB 2estin 2epip4edwj. 36en d6e t5wn 2ep6i t5h@ EZK e2uqe4ia@ shme4iwn 2est6i t6o K: t6o K 24ara 2en t5wj AB 2estin 2epip4edwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h t6o K ka6i 2en t5wj GD 2estin 2epip4edwj: t6a AB, GD 24ara 2ep4ipeda 2ekball4omena sumpeso5untai. o2u sump4iptousi d6e di6a t6o par4allhla 3upoke5isqai: o2uk 24ara a3i EZ, HQ e2uqe5iai 2ekball4omenai 2ep6i t6a Z, Q m4erh sumpeso5untai. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti a3i EZ, HQ e2uqe5iai o2ud6e 2ep6i t6a E, H m4erh 2ekball4omenai sumpeso5untai. a3i d6e 2ep6i mhd4etera t6a m4erh sump4iptousai par4allhlo4i e2isin. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h EZ t5hj HQ. ^+^ -2E6an 24ara d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla 3up6o 2epip4edou tin6o@ t4emnhtai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn toma6i par4allhlo4i e2isin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##17##-------iz41 -2E6an d4uo e2uqe5iai 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn t4emnwntai e2i@ to6u@ a2uto6u@ l4ogou@ tmhq4hsontai. -D4uo g6ar e2uqe5iai a3i AB, GD 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn t5wn HQ, KL, MN temn4esqwsan kat6a t6a A, E, B, G, Z, D shme5ia: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AE e2uqe5ia pr6o@ t6hn EB, o34utw@ 3h GZ pr6o@ t6hn ZD. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i AG, BD, AD, ka6i sumball4etw 3h AD t5wj KL 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o C shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EC, CZ. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla t6a KL, MN 3up6o 2epip4edou to5u EBDC t4emnetai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn ^+^ toma6i a3i EC, BD par4allhlo4i e2isin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h 2epe6i d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla t6a HQ, KL 3up6o 2epip4edou to5u ACZG t4emnetai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn toma6i a3i AG, CZ par4allhlo4i e2isin. ka6i 2epe6i trig4wnou to5u ABD par6a m4ian t5wn pleur5wn t6hn BD e2uqe5ia 25hktai 3h EC, 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h AE pr6o@ EB, o34utw@ 3h AC pr6o@ CD. p4alin 2epe6i trig4wnou to5u ADG par6a m4ian t5wn pleur5wn t6hn AG e2uqe5ia 25hktai 3h CZ, 2an4alog4on 2estin 3w@ 3h AC pr6o@ CD, o34utw@ 3h GZ pr6o@ ZD. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3w@ 3h AC pr6o@ CD, o34utw@ 3h AE pr6o@ EB: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h AE pr6o@ EB, o34utw@ 3h GZ pr6o@ ZD. -2E6an 24ara d4uo e2uqe5iai 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn t4emnwntai, e2i@ to6u@ a2uto6u@ l4ogou@ tmhq4hsontai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##18##-------ih41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i p4anta t6a di' a2ut5h@ 2ep4ipeda t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai. -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estw: l4egw, 34oti ka6i p4anta t6a di6a t5h@ AB 2ep4ipeda t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. ^+^ -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar di6a t5h@ AB 2ep4ipedon t6o DE, ka6i 24estw koin6h tom6h to5u DE 2epip4edou ka6i to5u 3upokeim4enou 3h GE, ka6i e2il4hfqw 2ep6i t5h@ GE tux6on shme5ion t6o Z, ka6i 2ap6o to5u Z t5hj GE pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 2en t5wj DE 2epip4edwj 3h ZH. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon 2orq4h 2estin, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin 3h AB: 34wste ka6i pr6o@ t6hn GE 2orq4h 2estin: 3h 24ara 3up6o ABZ gwn4ia 2orq4h 2estin. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o HZB 2orq4h: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5hj ZH. 3h d6e AB t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin: ka6i 3h ZH 24ara t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. ka6i 2ep4ipedon pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 2orq4on 2estin, 34otan a3i t5hj koin5hj tom5hj t5wn 2epip4edwn pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ag4omenai e2uqe5iai 2en 3en6i t5wn 2epip4edwn t5wj loip5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25wsin. ka6i t5hj koin5hj tom5hj t5wn 2epip4edwn t5hj GE 2en 3en6i t5wn 2epip4edwn t5wj DE pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2axqe5isa 3h ZH 2ede4ixqh t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@: t6o 24ara DE 2ep4ipedon 2orq4on 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon. 3omo4iw@ d6h deixq4hsetai ka6i p4anta t6a di6a t5h@ AB 2ep4ipeda 2orq6a tugx4anonta pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon. -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i p4anta t6a di' a2ut5h@ 2ep4ipeda t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##19##-------iq41 -2E6an d4uo 2ep4ipeda t4emnonta 24allhla 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i 3h koin6h a2ut5wn tom6h t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai. -D4uo g6ar 2ep4ipeda t6a AB, BG t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estw, koin6h d6e a2ut5wn tom6h 24estw 3h BD: l4egw, 34oti 3h BD t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. -M6h g4ar, ka6i 24hxqwsan 2ap6o to5u D shme4iou 2en m6en t5wj AB 2epip4edwj t5hj AD e2uqe4iaj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h DE, 2en d6e t5wj BG 2epip4edwj t5hj GD pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h DZ. ka6i 2epe6i t6o AB 2ep4ipedon 2orq4on 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon, ka6i t5hj koin5hj a2ut5wn tom5hj t5hj AD pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2en t5wj AB 2epip4edwj 25hktai 3h DE, 3h DE 24ara 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h DZ 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon. 2ap6o to5u a2uto5u 24ara shme4iou to5u D t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj d4uo e2uqe5iai pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2anestam4enai e2is6in 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2ap6o to5u D ^+^ shme4iou 2anastaq4hsetai pr6o@ 2orq6a@ pl6hn t5h@ DB koin5h@ tom5h@ t5wn AB, BG 2epip4edwn. -2E6an 24ara d4uo 2ep4ipeda t4emnonta 24allhla 2epip4edwj tin6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hj, ka6i 3h koin6h a2ut5wn tom6h t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##20##-------k41 -2E6an stere6a gwn4ia 3up6o tri5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exhtai, d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj meta* lamban4omenai. -Stere6a g6ar gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj A 3up6o tri5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn t5wn 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB periex4esqw: l4egw, 34oti t5wn 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB gwni5wn d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalam* ban4omenai. -E2i m6en o25un a3i 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB gwn4iai 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in, faner4on, 34oti d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isin. e2i d6e o24u, 24estw me4izwn 3h 3up6o BAG, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj A t5hj 3up6o DAB gwn4iaj 2en t5wj di6a t5wn BAG 2epip4edwj 24ish 3h 3up6o ^+^ BAE, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj AD 24ish 3h AE, ka6i di6a to5u E shme4iou diaxqe5isa 3h BEG temn4etw t6a@ AB, AG e2uqe4ia@ kat6a t6a B, G shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i DB, DG. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h DA t5hj AE, koin6h d6e 3h AB, d4uo dus6in 24isai: ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o DAB gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o BAE 24ish: b4asi@ 24ara 3h DB b4asei t5hj BE 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i BD, DG t5h@ BG me4izon4e@ e2isin, 35wn 3h DB t5hj BE 2ede4ixqh 24ish, loip6h 24ara 3h DG loip5h@ t5h@ EG me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h DA t5hj AE, koin6h d6e 3h AG, ka6i b4asi@ 3h DG b4asew@ t5h@ EG me4izwn 2est4in, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o DAG gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o EAG me4izwn 2est4in. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o DAB t5hj 3up6o BAE 24ish: a3i 24ara 3up6o DAB, DAG t5h@ 3up6o BAG me4izon4e@ e2isin. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i a3i loipa6i s4unduo lamban4omenai t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isin. -2E6an 24ara stere6a gwn4ia 3up6o tri5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exhtai, d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##21##-------ka41 -34Apasa stere6a gwn4ia 3up6o 2elass4onwn <2<26h>2> tess4arwn 2orq5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exetai. -24Estw stere6a gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj A periexom4enh 3up6o 2epip4edwn gwni5wn t5wn 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB: l4egw, ^+^ 34oti a3i 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4asson4e@ e2isin. -E2il4hfqw g6ar 2ef' 3ek4asth@ t5wn AB, AG, AD tux4onta shme5ia t6a B, G, D, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i BG, GD, DB. ka6i 2epe6i stere6a gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj B 3up6o tri5wn gwni5wn ^-^ 2epip4edwn peri4exetai t5wn 3up6o GBA, ABD, GBD, d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isin: a3i 24ara 3up6o GBA, ABD t5h@ 3up6o GBD me4izon4e@ e2isin. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i a3i m6en 3up6o BGA, AGD t5h@ 3up6o BGD me4izon4e@ e2isin, a3i d6e 3up6o GDA, ADB t5h@ 3up6o GDB me4izon4e@ e2isin: a3i 36ec 24ara gwn4iai a3i 3up6o GBA, ABD, BGA, AGD, GDA, ADB tri5wn t5wn 3up6o GBD, BGD, GDB me4izon4e@ e2isin. 2all6a a3i tre5i@ a3i 3up6o GBD, BDG, BGD dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in: a3i 36ec 24ara a3i 3up6o GBA, ABD, BGA, AGD, GDA, ADB d4uo 2orq5wn me4izon4e@ e2isin. ka6i 2epe6i 3ek4astou t5wn ABG, AGD, ADB trig4wnwn a3i tre5i@ gwn4iai dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in, a3i 24ara t5wn tri5wn trig4wnwn 2enn4ea gwn4iai a3i 3up6o GBA, AGB, BAG, AGD, GDA, GAD, ADB, DBA, BAD 36ec 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in, 35wn a3i 3up6o ABG, BGA, AGD, GDA, ADB, DBA 36ec gwn4iai d4uo 2orq5wn e2isi me4izone@: ^+^ loipa6i 24ara a3i 3up6o BAG, GAD, DAB tre5i@ <22> peri4exousai t6hn stere6an gwn4ian tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4asson4e@ e2isin. -34Apasa 24ara stere6a gwn4ia 3up6o 2elass4onwn <2<26h>2> tess4arwn 2orq5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exetai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##22##-------kb41 -2E6an 25wsi tre5i@ gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi, 35wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai, peri4exwsi d6e a2ut6a@ 24isai e2uqe5iai, dunat4on 2estin 2ek t5wn 2epizeugnuous5wn t6a@ 24isa@ e2uqe4ia@ tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai. -24Estwsan tre5i@ gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK, 35wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai, a3i m6en 3up6o ABG, DEZ t5h@ 3up6o HQK, a3i d6e 3up6o DEZ, HQK t5h@ 3up6o ABG, ka6i 24eti a3i 3up6o HQK, ABG t5h@ 3up6o DEZ, ka6i 24estwsan 24isai a3i AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK e2uqe5iai, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AG, DZ, HK: l4egw, 34oti dunat4on 2estin 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, ^+^ HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai, tout4estin 34oti t5wn AG, DZ, HK d4uo 3opoiaio5un t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isin. -E2i m6en o25un a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK gwn4iai 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in, faner4on, 34oti ka6i t5wn AG, DZ, HK 24iswn ginom4enwn dunat4on 2estin 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai. e2i d6e o24u, 24estwsan 24anisoi, ka6i ^-^ sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj QK e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj Q t5hj 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj 24ish 3h 3up6o KQL: ka6i ke4isqw mi5aj t5wn AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK 24ish 3h QL, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i KL, HL. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AB, BG dus6i ta5i@ KQ, QL 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj B gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o KQL 24ish, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AG b4asei t5hj KL 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i a3i 3up6o ABG, HQK t5h@ 3up6o DEZ me4izon4e@ e2isin, 24ish d6e 3h 3up6o ABG t5hj 3up6o KQL, 3h 24ara 3up6o HQL t5h@ 3up6o DEZ me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i HQ, QL d4uo ta5i@ DE, EZ 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o HQL gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o DEZ me4izwn, b4asi@ 24ara 3h HL b4asew@ t5h@ DZ me4izwn 2est4in. 2all6a a3i HK, KL t5h@ HL me4izon4e@ e2isin. poll5wj 24ara a3i HK, KL t5h@ DZ me4izon4e@ e2isin. 24ish d6e 3h KL t5hj AG: a3i ^+^ AG, HK 24ara t5h@ loip5h@ t5h@ DZ me4izon4e@ e2isin. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i a3i m6en AG, DZ t5h@ HK me4izon4e@ e2isin, ka6i 24eti a3i DZ, HK t5h@ AG me4izon4e@ e2isin. dunat6on 24ara 2est6in 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. $-^P187^-^L1^ <3<####PBF&####-----<00> ###11AP### ##22A## <00> -----24Allw@ -24Estwsan a3i doqe5isai tre5i@ gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK, 35wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izone@ 24estwsan p4anthj metalamban4omenai, periex4etwsan d6e a2ut6a@ 24isai e2uqe5iai a3i AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AG, DZ, HK. l4egw, 34oti dunat4on 2estin 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai, tout4esti p4alin 34oti a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai. -e2i m6en o25un p4alin a3i pr6o@ to5i@ B, E, Q shme4ioi@ gwn4iai 24isai e2is4in, 24isai 24esontai ka6i a3i AG, DZ, HK, ka6i 24esontai ^+^ a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izone@. e2i d6e o2u, 24estwsan 24anisoi a3i pr6o@ to5i@ B, E, Q shme4ioi@ gwn4iai, ka6i me4izwn 3h pr6o@ t5wj B 3ekat4era@ t5wn pr6o@ to5i@ E, Q: me4izwn 24ara 24estai ka6i 3h AG e2uqe5ia 3ekat4era@ t5wn DZ, HK. ka6i faner4on, 34oti 3h AG met6a 3ekat4era@ t5wn DZ, HK t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi. l4egw, 34oti ka6i a3i DZ, HK t5h@ AG me4izon4e@ e2isi. sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj B t5hj 3up6o HQK gwn4iaj 24ish 3h 3up6o ABL, ka6i ke4isqw mi5aj t5wn AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK 24ish 3h BL, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AL, LG. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AB, BL dus6i ta5i@ HQ, QK 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AL b4asei t5hj HK 24ish 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i a3i pr6o@ to5i@ E, Q shme4ioi@ gwn4iai t5h@ 3up6o ABG me4izon4e@ e2isin, 35wn 3h 3up6o HQK t5hj 3up6o ABL 2estin 24ish, loip6h 24ara 3h pr6o@ t5wj E gwn4ia t5h@ 3up6o LBG me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i LB, BG dus6i ta5i@ DE, EZ 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o DEZ gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o LBG me4izwn, b4asi@ 24ara 3h DZ b4asew@ t5h@ LG me4izwn 2est4in. 24ish d6e 2ede4ixqh 3h HK t5hj AL: a3i 24ara DZ, HK t5wn AL, LG me4izon4e@ e2isin: 2all6a a3i AL, LG t5h@ AG me4izon4e@ e2isi: poll5wj 24ara a3i DZ, HK t5h@ AG me4izon4e@ e2isin. t5wn AG, DZ, HK 24ara e2uqei5wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai: dunat6on 24ara 2est6in 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^>3> $-^P33^-^L6^ ####**XI#### ###PROP### ##23##-------kg41 -2Ek tri5wn gwni5wn 2epip4edwn, 35wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izon4e@ e2isi p4anthj metalamban4omenai, stere6an gwn4ian sust4hsasqai: de5i d6h t6a@ tre5i@ tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4assona@ e25inai. -24Estwsan a3i doqe5isai tre5i@ gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK, 35wn a3i d4uo t5h@ loip5h@ me4izone@ 24estwsan p4anthj metalamban4omenai, 24eti d6e a3i tre5i@ tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4assone@: de5i d6h 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK stere6an gwn4ian sust4hsasqai. ^+^ -2Apeil4hfqwsan 24isai a3i AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AG, DZ, HK: dunat6on 24ara 2est6in 2ek t5wn 24iswn ta5i@ AG, DZ, HK tr4igwnon sust4hsasqai. sunest4atw t6o LMN, 34wste 24ishn e25inai t6hn m6en AG t5hj LM, t6hn d6e DZ t5hj MN, ka6i 24eti t6hn HK t5hj NL, ka6i perigegr4afqw per6i t6o LMN tr4igwnon k4uklo@ 3o LMN ka6i e2il4hfqw a2uto5u t6o k4entron ka6i 24estw t6o C, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LC, MC, NC: l4egw, 34oti 3h AB me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ LC. e2i g6ar m4h, 24htoi 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj LC 26h 2el4attwn. 24estw pr4oteron 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj LC, 2all6a 3h m6en AB t5hj BG 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e CL t5hj CM, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BG d4uo ta5i@ LC, CM 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj: ka6i b4asi@ 3h AG b4asei t5hj LM 3up4okeitai 24ish: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o LCM 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h m6en 3up6o DEZ t5hj 3up6o MCN 2estin 24ish, ka6i 24eti 3h 3up6o HQK t5hj 3up6o NCL: a3i 24ara tre5i@ a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK gwn4iai tris6i ta5i@ 3up6o LCM, MCN, NCL e2isin 24isai. 2all6a a3i tre5i@ a3i 3up6o LCM, MCN, NCL ^+^ t4ettarsin 2orqa5i@ e2isin 24isai: ka6i a3i tre5i@ 24ara a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK t4ettarsin 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in. 3up4okeintai d6e ka6i tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4assone@: 34oper 24atopon. o2uk 24ara 3h AB t5hj LC 24ish 2est4in. l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 2el4attwn 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ LC. e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw: ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en AB 24ish 3h CO, t5hj d6e BG 24ish 3h CP, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h OP. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj BG, 24ish 2est6i ka6i 3h CO t5hj CP: 34wste ka6i loip6h 3h LO t5hj PM 2estin 24ish. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h LM t5hj OP, ka6i 2isog4wnion t6o LMC t5wj OPC: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h CL pr6o@ LM, o34utw@ 3h CO pr6o@ OP: 2enall6ac 3w@ 3h LC pr6o@ CO, o34utw@ 3h LM pr6o@ OP. me4izwn d6e 3h LC t5h@ CO: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h LM t5h@ OP. 2all6a 3h LM ke5itai t5hj AG 24ish: ka6i 3h AG 24ara t5h@ OP me4izwn 2est4in. 2epe6i o25un d4uo a3i AB, BG dus6i ta5i@ OC, CP 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h AG b4asew@ t5h@ OP me4izwn 2est4in, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o OCP me4izwn 2est4in. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h m6en 3up6o DEZ t5h@ 3up6o MCN me4izwn 2est4in, 3h d6e 3up6o HQK t5h@ 3up6o NCL. a3i 24ara tre5i@ gwn4iai a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK tri5wn t5wn 3up6o LCM, MCN, NCL me4izon4e@ e2isin. 2all6a a3i 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4assone@ 3up4okeintai: poll5wj 24ara a3i 3up6o LCM, MCN, ^+^ NCL tess4arwn 2orq5wn 2el4asson4e@ e2isin. 2all6a ka6i 24isai: 34oper 2est6in 24atopon. o2uk 24ara 3h AB 2el4asswn 2est6i t5h@ LC. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e 24ish: me4izwn 24ara 3h AB t5h@ LC. 2anest4atw d6h 2ap6o to5u C shme4iou t5wj to5u LMN k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h CP, ka6i 35wj me5iz4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetr4agwnon to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC, 2eke4inwj 24ison 24estw t6o 2ap6o t5h@ CR, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i RL, RM, RN. ka6i 2epe6i 3h RC 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u LMN k4uklou 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ 3ek4asthn 24ara t5wn LC, MC, NC 2orq4h 2estin 3h RC. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h LC t5hj CM, koin6h d6e ka6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h CR, b4asi@ 24ara 3h RL b4asei t5hj RM 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h RN 3ekat4eraj t5wn RL, RM 2estin 24ish: a3i tre5i@ 24ara a3i RL, RM, RN 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in. ka6i 2epe6i 35wj me5iz4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC, 2eke4inwj 24ison 3up4okeitai t6o 2ap6o t5h@ CR, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AB 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn LC, CR. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o t5wn LC, CR 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ LR: 2orq6h g6ar 3h 3up6o LCR: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AB 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ RL: 24ish 24ara 3h AB t5hj RL. 2all6a t5hj m6en AB 24ish 2est6in 3ek4asth t5wn BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK, t5hj d6e RL 24ish 3ekat4era t5wn RM, RN: 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn AB, BG, DE, EZ, HQ, QK 3ek4asthj t5wn RL, RM, RN 24ish 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i LR, RM dus6i ta5i@ AB, BG 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h LM b4asei t5hj AG 3up4okeitai 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o LRM gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o ABG ^+^ 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h m6en 3up6o MRN t5hj 3up6o DEZ 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e 3up6o LRN t5hj 3up6o HQK. -2Ek tri5wn 24ara gwni5wn 2epip4edwn t5wn 3up6o LRM, MRN, LRN, a34i e2isin 24isai tris6i ta5i@ doqe4isai@ ta5i@ 3up6o ABG, DEZ, HQK, stere6a gwn4ia sun4estatai 3h pr6o@ t5wj R periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn LRM, MRN, LRN gwni5wn: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. $-^P189^-^L1^ <3<####PBF&####-----<00> ###11AP### ##23##-----<00> -2All6a d6h 24estw t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou 2epe6i mi5a@ t5wn ^-^ pleur5wn to5u trig4wnou t5h@ MN, ka6i 24estw t6o C, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h CL. l4egw p4alin, 34oti me4izwn 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ LC. e2i g6ar m4h, 24htoi 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj LC 26h 2el4attwn. 24estw pr4oteron 24ish. d4uo d6h a3i AB, BG, tout4estin a3i DE, EZ, d4uo ta5i@ MC, CL, tout4esti t5hj MN, 24isai e2is4in. 2all6a 3h MN t5hj DZ ke5itai 24ish. ka6i a3i DE, EZ 24ara t5hj DZ 24isai e2is4in: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h AB 24ish 2est6i t5hj LC. 3omo4iw@ d6h o2ud6e 2el4attwn: poll5wj g6ar t6o 2ad4unaton me5izon. 3h 24ara AB me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ LC. ka6i 2e6an 3omo4iw@, 35wj me5iz4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC, 2eke4inwj 24ison pr6o@ 2orq6a@ t5wj to5u k4uklou 2epip4edwj 2anast4hswmen 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ CR, sustaq4hsetai t6o pr4oblhma. ^+^ -2all6a d6h 24estw t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou 2ekt6o@ to5u LMN trig4wnou ka6i 24estw t6o C, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LC, MC. l4egw d6h ka6i o34utw@, 34oti me4izwn 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ LC. ^-^ e2i g6ar m4h, 24htoi 24ish 2est6in 26h 2el4attwn. 24estw pr4oteron 24ish. d4uo o25un a3i AB, BG d4uo ta5i@ MC, CL 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i b4asi@ 3h AG b4asei t5hj ML 24ish: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o MCL 24ish 2est4in. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o HQK t5hj 3up6o LCN 2estin 24ish. 34olh 24ara 3h 3up6o MCN d4uo ta5i@ ABG, HQK 2estin 24ish. 2all6a a3i 3up6o ABG, HQK t5h@ 3up6o DEZ me4izon4e@ e2isin. ka6i 3h 3up6o MCN 24ara t5h@ 3up6o DEZ me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i DE, EZ d4uo ta5i@ MC, CN 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h DZ b4asei t5hj MN 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o MCN gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o DEZ 2estin 24ish. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i me4izwn: 34oper 24atopon. o2uk 24ara 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj LC. 3ec5h@ d6e de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 2el4attwn. me4izwn 24ara. ka6i 2e6an pr6o@ 2orq6a@ t5wj to5u k4uklou 2epip4edwj p4alin 2anast4hswmen t6hn CR ka6i 24ishn a2ut6hn 2apoq4wmeqa, 35wj me5izon ^+^ d4unatai t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC, sustaq4hsetai t6o pr4oblhma. -l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 2el4attwn 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ LC. e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw. ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en AB 24ish 3h CO, t5hj d6e BG 24ish 3h CP, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h OP. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj BG, 24ish 2est6i ka6i 3h CO t5hj CP. 34wste ka6i loip6h 3h OL loip5hj t5hj PM 2estin 24ish. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h LM t5hj PO, ka6i 2isog4wnion t6o LMC tr4igwnon t5wj PCO trig4wnwj. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h CL pr6o@ t6hn LM, 3h CO pr6o@ t6hn OP, ka6i 2enall6ac 3w@ 3h LC pr6o@ t6hn CO, o34utw@ 3h LM pr6o@ t6hn OP. me4izwn d6e 3h LC t5h@ CO: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h LM t5h@ OP. 2all6a 3h LM t5hj AG 2estin 24ish: ka6i 3h AG 24ara t5h@ OP 2esti me4izwn. 2epe6i o25un d4uo a3i AB, BG d4uo ta5i@ OC, CP 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i b4asi@ 3h AG b4asew@ t5h@ OP me4izwn 2est4in, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o OCP me4izwn 2est4in. 3omo4iw@ d6h k26an t6hn CR 24ishn 3ekat4eraj t5wj CO, CP 2apol4abwmen ka6i 2epize4ucwmen t6hn OR, de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h 3up6o HQK gwn4ia t5h@ 3up6o OCR me4izwn 2est4in. sunest4atw d6h pr6o@ t5hj LC e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj C t5hj m6en 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj 24ish 3h 3up6o LCS, t5hj d6e 3up6o HQK 24ish 3h 3up6o ^+^ LCT, ka6i ke4isqw 3ekat4era t5wn CS, CT t5hj OC 24ish, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i OS, OT, ST. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AB, BG d4uo ta5i@ OC, CS 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ABG gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o OCS 24ish, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AG, tout4estin 3h LM, b4asei t5hj OS 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h LN t5hj OT 24ish 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i ML, LN d4uo ta5i@ SO, OT 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o MLN gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o SOT me4izwn 2est4in, b4asi@ 24ara 3h MN b4asew@ t5h@ ST me4izwn 2est4in. 2all6a 3h MN t5hj DZ 2estin 24ish: ka6i 3h DZ 24ara t5h@ ST me4izwn 2est4in. 2epe6i o25un d4uo a3i DE, EZ d4uo ta5i@ SC, CT 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h DZ b4asew@ t5h@ ST me4izwn, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o DEZ gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o SCT me4izwn 2est4in. 24ish d6e 3h 3up6o SCT ta5i@ 3up6o ABG, HQK. 3h 24ara 3up6o DEZ t5wn 3up6o ABG, HQK me4izwn 2est4in. 2all6a ka6i 2el4attwn: 34oper 2ad4unaton.>3> $-^P37^-^L8^ ####**XI#### ###PROP### ##23^1^L^2##-----L5hmma -36On d6e tr4opon, 35wj me5iz4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC, 2eke4inwj 24ison labe5in 24esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ CR, de4icomen o34utw@. 2ekke4isqwsan a3i AB, LC e2uqe5iai, ka6i 24estw me4izwn 3h AB, ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep' a2ut5h@ 3hmik4uklion t6o ABG, ka6i e2i@ t6o ABG 3hmik4uklion 2enhrm4osqw t5hj LC e2uqe4iaj m6h me4izoni o24ushj t5h@ AB diam4etrou 24ish 3h AG, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h GB. 2epe6i o25un 2en 3hmikukl4iwj t5wj AGB gwn4ia 2est6in 3h 3up6o AGB, 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o AGB. t6o 24ara ^+^ 2ap6o t5h@ AB 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn AG, GB. 34wste t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG me5iz4on 2esti t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ GB. 24ish d6e 3h AG t5hj LC. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC me5iz4on 2esti t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ GB. 2e6an o25un t5hj BG 24ishn t6hn CR 2apol4abwmen, 24estai t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LC me5izon t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ CR: 34oper pro4ekeito poi5hsai. ##24##-------kd41 -2E6an stere6on 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn peri4exhtai, t6a 2apenant4ion a2uto5u 2ep4ipeda 24isa te ka6i parallhl4ogramm4a 2estin. -Stere6on g6ar t6o GDQH 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn periex4esqw t5wn AG, HZ, AQ, DZ, BZ, AE: l4egw, 34oti t6a 2apenant4ion a2uto5u 2ep4ipeda 24isa te ka6i parallhl4ogramm4a 2estin. -2Epe6i g6ar d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla t6a BH, GE 3up6o 2epip4edou to5u AG t4emnetai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn toma6i par4allhlo4i ^+^ e2isin. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5hj DG. p4alin, 2epe6i d4uo 2ep4ipeda par4allhla t6a BZ, AE 3up6o 2epip4edou to5u AG t4emnetai, a3i koina6i a2ut5wn toma6i par4allhlo4i e2isin. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h BG t5hj AD. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3h AB t5hj DG par4allhlo@: parallhl4ogrammon 24ara 2est6i t6o AG. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 34ekaston t5wn DZ, ZH, HB, BZ, AE parallhl4ogramm4on 2estin. -2Epeze4uxqwsan a3i AQ, DZ. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h m6en AB t5hj DG, 3h d6e BQ t5hj GZ, d4uo d6h a3i AB, BQ 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ t6a@ DG, GZ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn e2is6in o2uk 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj: 24isa@ 24ara gwn4ia@ peri4ecousin: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o ABQ gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o DGZ. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i AB, BQ dus6i ta5i@ DG, GZ 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ABQ gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o DGZ 2estin 24ish, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AQ b4asei t5hj DZ 2estin 24ish, ka6i t6o ABQ tr4igwnon t5wj DGZ trig4wnwj 24ison 2est4in. ka4i 2esti to5u m6en ABQ dipl4asion t6o BH parallhl4ogrammon, to5u d6e DGZ dipl4asion t6o GE parallhl4ogrammon: 24ison 24ara t6o BH parallhl4ogrammon t5wj GE parallhlogr4ammwj. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i t6o m6en AG t5wj HZ 2estin 24ison, t6o d6e AE t5wj BZ. ^+^ -2E6an 24ara stere6on 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn peri4exhtai, t6a 2apenant4ion a2uto5u 2ep4ipeda 24isa te ka6i parallhl4ogramm4a 2estin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##25##-------ke41 -2E6an stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 2epip4edwj tmhq5hj parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estai 3w@ 3h b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn b4asin, o34utw@ t6o stere6on pr6o@ t6o stere4on. -Stere6on g6ar parallhlep4ipedon t6o ABGD 2epip4edwj t5wj ZH tetm4hsqw parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@ to5i@ RA, DQ: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AEZF b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EQGZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o ABZU stere6on pr6o@ t6o EHGD stere4on. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3h AQ 2ef' 3ek4atera t6a m4erh, ka6i ke4isqwsan t5hj m6en AE 24isai 3osaidhpoto5un a3i AK, KL, t5hj d6e EQ 24isai 3osaidhpoto5un a3i QM, MN, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw ^+^ t6a LO, KF, QX, MS parallhl4ogramma ka6i t6a LP, KR, DM, MT stere4a. ka6i 2epe6i 24isai e2is6in a3i LK, KA, AE e2uqe5iai 2all4hlai@, 24isa 2est6i ka6i t6a m6en LO, KF, AZ parallhl4ogramma 2all4hloi@, t6a d6e KC, KB, AH 2all4hloi@ ka6i 24eti t6a LY, KP, AR 2all4hloi@: 2apenant4ion g4ar. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6a m6en EG, QX, MS parallhl4ogramma 24isa e2is6in 2all4hloi@, t6a d6e QH, QI, IN 24isa e2is6in 2all4hloi@, ka6i 24eti t6a LQ, MW, NT: tr4ia 24ara 2ep4ipeda t5wn LP, KR, AU stere5wn tris6in 2epip4edoi@ 2est6in 24isa. 2all6a t6a tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2est6in 24isa: t6a 24ara tr4ia stere6a t6a LP, KR, AU 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6a tr4ia stere6a t6a ED, DM, MT 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 3osaplas4iwn 24ara 2est6in 3h LZ b4asi@ t5h@ AZ b4asew@, tosautapl4asi4on 2esti ka6i t6o LU stere6on to5u AU stereo5u. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h 3osaplas4iwn 2est6in 3h NZ b4asi@ t5h@ ZQ b4asew@, tosautapl4asi4on 2esti ka6i t6o NU stere6on to5u QU stereo5u. ka6i e2i 24ish 2est6in 3h LZ b4asi@ t5hj NZ b4asei, 24ison 2est6i ka6i t6o LU stere6on t5wj NU stere5wj, ka6i e2i 3uper4exei 3h LZ b4asi@ t5h@ NZ b4asew@, 3uper4exei ka6i t6o LU stere6on ^+^ to5u NU stereo5u, ka6i e2i 2elle4ipei, 2elle4ipei. tess4arwn d6h 24ontwn megeq5wn, d4uo m6en b4asewn t5wn AZ, ZQ, d4uo d6e stere5wn t5wn AU, UQ, e24ilhptai 2is4aki@ pollapl4asia t5h@ m6en AZ b4asew@ ka6i to5u AU stereo5u 34h te LZ b4asi@ ka6i t6o LU stere4on, t5h@ d6e QZ b4asew@ ka6i to5u QU stereo5u 34h te NZ b4asi@ ka6i t6o NU stere4on, ka6i d4edeiktai, 34oti e2i 3uper4exei 3h LZ b4asi@ t5h@ ZN b4asew@, 3uper4exei ka6i t6o LU stere6on to5u NU <22>, ka6i e2i 24ish, 24ison, ka6i e2i 2elle4ipei, 2elle4ipei. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AZ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o AU stere6on pr6o@ t6o UQ stere4on: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##26##-------k@t41 -Pr6o@ t5hj doqe4ishj e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5hj doqe4ishj stere5aj gwn4iaj 24ishn stere6an gwn4ian sust5hsasqai. -24Estw 3h m6en doqe5isa e2uqe5ia 3h AB, t6o d6e pr6o@ a2ut5hj doq6en shme5ion t6o A, 3h d6e doqe5isa stere6a gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj D periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn 3up6o EDG, EDZ, ZDG gwni5wn 2epip4edwn: de5i d6h pr6o@ t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj A t5hj pr6o@ t5wj D stere5aj gwn4iaj 24ishn stere6an gwn4ian sust5hsasqai. -E2il4hfqw g6ar 2ep6i t5h@ DZ tux6on shme5ion t6o Z, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u Z 2ep6i t6o di6a t5wn ED, DG 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 3h ZH, ka6i sumball4etw t5wj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o H, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DH, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj ^+^ pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj A t5hj m6en 3up6o EDG gwn4iaj 24ish 3h 3up6o BAL, t5hj d6e 3up6o EDH 24ish 3h 3up6o BAK, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj DH 24ish 3h AK, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u K shme4iou t5wj di6a t5wn BAL 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h KQ, ka6i ke4isqw 24ish t5hj HZ 3h KQ, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h QA: l4egw, 34oti 3h pr6o@ t5wj A stere6a gwn4ia periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn BAL, BAQ, QAL gwni5wn 24ish 2est6i t5hj pr6o@ t5wj D stere5aj gwn4iaj t5hj periexom4enhj 3up6o t5wn EDG, EDZ, ZDG gwni5wn. -2Apeil4hfqwsan g6ar 24isai a3i AB, DE, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i QB, KB, ZE, HE. ka6i 2epe6i 3h ZH 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj 3upokeim4enwj 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@: 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o ZHD, ZHE gwni5wn. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o QKA, QKB gwni5wn 2orq4h 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i KA, AB d4uo ta5i@ HD, DE 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h KB b4asei ^+^ t5hj HE 24ish 2est4in. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h KQ t5hj HZ 24ish: ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin: 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h QB t5hj ZE. p4alin 2epe6i d4uo a3i AK, KQ dus6i ta5i@ DH, HZ 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AQ b4asei t5hj ZD 24ish 2est4in. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h AB t5hj DE 24ish: d4uo d6h a3i QA, AB d4uo ta5i@ DZ, DE 24isai e2is4in. ka6i b4asi@ 3h QB b4asei t5hj ZE 24ish: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o BAQ gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o EDZ 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o QAL t5hj 3up6o ZDG 2estin 24ish <2<2epeid4hper 2e6an 2apol4abwmen 24isa@ t6a@ AL, DG ka6i 2epize4ucwmen t6a@ KL, QL, HG, ZG, 2epe6i 34olh 3h 3up6o BAL 34olhj t5hj 3up6o EDG 2estin 24ish, 35wn 3h 3up6o BAK t5hj 3up6o EDH 3up4okeitai 24ish, loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o KAL loip5hj t5hj 3up6o HDG 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i KA, AL dus6i ta5i@ HD, DG 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h KL b4asei t5hj HG 2estin 24ish. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h KQ t5hj HZ 24ish: d4uo d6h a3i LK, KQ dus6i ta5i@ GH, HZ e2isin 24isai: ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin: b4asi@ 24ara 3h QL b4asei t5hj ZG 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i QA, AL dus6i ta5i@ ZD, DG e2isin 24isai, ka6i b4asi@ 3h QL b4asei t5hj ZG 2estin 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o QAL gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o ZDG 2estin 24ish>2>. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o BAL t5hj 3up6o EDG 24ish. ^+^ -Pr6o@ 24ara t5hj doqe4ishj e2uqe4iaj t5hj AB ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj A t5hj doqe4ishj stere5aj gwn4iaj t5hj pr6o@ t5wj D 24ish sun4estatai: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ##27##-------kz41 -2Ap6o t5h@ doqe4ish@ e2uqe4ia@ t5wj doq4enti stere5wj ^-^ parallhlepip4edwj 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 2anagr4ayai. -24Estw 3h m6en doqe5isa e2uqe5ia 3h AB, t6o d6e doq6en stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o GD: de5i d6h 2ap6o t5h@ doqe4ish@ e2uqe4ia@ t5h@ AB t5wj doq4enti stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj t5wj GD 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 2anagr4ayai. -Sunest4atw g6ar pr6o@ t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj A t5hj pr6o@ t5wj G stere5aj gwn4iaj 24ish 3h periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn BAQ, QAK, KAB, 34wste 24ishn e25inai t6hn m6en 3up6o BAQ gwn4ian t5hj 3up6o EGZ, t6hn d6e 3up6o BAK t5hj 3up6o EGH, t6hn d6e 3up6o KAQ t5hj 3up6o HGZ: ka6i gegon4etw 3w@ m6en 3h EG pr6o@ t6hn GH, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AK, 3w@ d6e 3h HG pr6o@ t6hn GZ, o34utw@ 3h KA pr6o@ t6hn AQ. ka6i di' 24isou 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h EG pr6o@ t6hn GZ, o34utw@ 3h BA ^+^ pr6o@ t6hn AQ. ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o QB parallhl4ogrammon ka6i t6o AL stere4on. -Ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EG pr6o@ t6hn GH, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AK, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o EGH, BAK a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o HE parallhl4ogrammon t5wj KB parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o m6en KQ parallhl4ogrammon t5wj HZ parallhlogr4ammwj 34omoi4on 2esti ka6i 24eti t6o ZE t5wj QB: tr4ia 24ara parallhl4ogramma to5u GD stereo5u tris6i parallhlogr4ammoi@ to5u AL stereo5u 34omoi4a 2estin. 2all6a t6a m6en tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoia, t6a d6e tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoia: 34olon 24ara t6o GD stere6on 34olwj t5wj AL stere5wj 34omoi4on 2estin. ^+^ -2Ap6o t5h@ doqe4ish@ 24ara e2uqe4ia@ t5h@ AB t5wj doq4enti stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj t5wj GD 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon 2anag4egraptai t6o AL: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ##28##-------kh41 -2E6an stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 2epip4edwj tmhq5hj kat6a t6a@ diagwn4iou@ t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn, d4ixa tmhq4hsetai t6o stere6on 3up6o to5u 2epip4edou. -Stere6on g6ar parallhlep4ipedon t6o AB 2epip4edwj t5wj GDEZ tetm4hsqw kat6a t6a@ diagwn4iou@ t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn t6a@ GZ, DE: l4egw, 34oti d4ixa tmhq4hsetai t6o AB stere6on 3up6o to5u GDEZ 2epip4edou. -2Epe6i g6ar 24ison 2est6i t6o m6en GHZ tr4igwnon t5wj GZB trig4wnwj, t6o d6e ADE t5wj DEQ, 24esti d6e ka6i t6o m6en GA parallhl4ogrammon t5wj EB 24ison: 2apenant4ion g4ar: t6o d6e HE t5wj GQ, ka6i t6o pr4isma 24ara t6o periex4omenon 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn GHZ, ADE, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn HE, AG, GE 24ison 2est6i t5wj pr4ismati t5wj periexom4enwj 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn GZB, DEQ, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn GQ, BE, GE: 3up6o g6ar 24iswn 2epip4edwn peri4exontai t5wj te pl4hqei ka6i t5wj meg4eqei. 34wste 34olon t6o AB stere6on d4ixa t4etmhtai 3up6o to5u GDEZ 2epip4edou: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##29##-------kq41 -T6a 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2isin e2uqei5wn, 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in. -24Estw 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ t5h@ AB stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a GM, GN 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai a3i AH, AZ, LM, LN, GD, GE, BQ, BK 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn 24estwsan t5wn ZN, DK: l4egw, 34oti 24ison 2est6i t6o GM stere6on t5wj GN stere5wj. -2Epe6i g6ar parallhl4ogramm4on 2estin 3ek4ateron t5wn GQ, GK, 24ish 2est6in 3h GB 3ekat4eraj t5wn DQ, EK: 34wste ka6i 3h DQ t5hj EK 2estin 24ish. koin6h 2afhjr4hsqw 3h EQ: loip6h 24ara 3h DE loip5hj t5hj QK 2estin 24ish. 34wste ka6i t6o m6en DGE tr4igwnon t5wj QBK trig4wnwj 24ison 2est4in, t6o d6e DH parallhl4ogrammon t5wj QN parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o AZH tr4igwnon t5wj MLN trig4wnwj 24ison 2est4in. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o m6en GZ parallhl4ogrammon t5wj BM parallhlogr4ammwj 24ison, t6o d6e GH t5wj BN: 2apenant4ion g4ar: ka6i t6o pr4isma 24ara t6o periex4omenon 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn AZH, DGE, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn AD, DH, GH 24ison 2est6i t5wj pr4ismati t5wj periexom4enwj 3up6o d4uo ^+^ m6en trig4wnwn t5wn MLN, QBK, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn BM, QN, BN. koin6on proske4isqw t6o stere4on, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o AB parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o HEQM: 34olon 24ara t6o GM stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 34olwj t5wj GN stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj 24ison 2est4in. -T6a 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2isin e2uqei5wn, 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##30##-------l41 -T6a 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o2uk e2is6in 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn, 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in. -24Estw 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ t5h@ AB stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a GM, GN 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai a3i AZ, AH, LM, LN, GD, GE, BQ, BK m6h 24estwsan 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn: l4egw, 34oti 24ison 2est6i t6o GM stere6on t5wj GN stere5wj. -2Ekbebl4hsqwsan g6ar a3i NK, DQ ka6i sumpipt4etwsan 2all4hlai@ kat6a t6o R, ka6i 24eti 2ekbebl4hsqwsan a3i ZM, HE 2ep6i t6a O, P, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AC, LO, GP, BR. 24ison d4h 2esti t6o GM stere4on, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o AGBL ^+^ parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o ZDQM, t5wj GO stere5wj, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o AGBL parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o CPRO: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ AGBL ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai a3i AZ, AC, LM, LO, GD, GP, BQ, BR 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2isin e2uqei5wn t5wn ZO, DR. 2all6a t6o GO stere4on, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AGBL parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o CPRO, 24ison 2est6i t5wj GN stere5wj, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o AGBL parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o HEKN: 2ep4i te g6ar p4alin t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ AGBL ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai a3i AH, AC, GE, GP, LN, LO, BK, BR 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2isin e2uqei5wn t5wn HP, NR. 34wste ka6i t6o GM stere6on 24ison 2est6i t5wj GN stere5wj. -T6a 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o2uk e2is6in 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn, 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 34oper 24edei ^-^ de5icai. ^+^ ##31##-------la41 -T6a 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in. -24Estw 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn t5wn AB, GD stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AE, GZ 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@: l4egw, 34oti 24ison 2est6i t6o AE stere6on t5wj GZ stere5wj. -24Estwsan d6h pr4oteron a3i 2efesthku5iai a3i QK, BE, AH, LM, OP, DZ, GC, RS pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ta5i@ AB, GD b4asesin, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ t5hj GR e2uqe5ia 3h RT, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj RT e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj R t5hj 3up6o ALB gwn4iaj 24ish 3h 3up6o TRU, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en AL 24ish 3h RT, t5hj d6e LB 24ish 3h RU, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw 34h te RX b4asi@ ka6i t6o YU stere4on. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i TR, RU dus6i ta5i@ AL, LB 24isai e2is4in, ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoion t6o RX parallhl4ogrammon t5wj QL parallhlogr4ammwj. ka6i 2epe6i p4alin 24ish m6en 3h AL t5hj RT, 3h d6e LM t5hj RS, ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin, 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoi4on 2esti t6o RY parallhl4ogrammon t5wj AM parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o LE t5wj SU 24ison t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoion: tr4ia 24ara parallhl4ogramma to5u AE stereo5u tris6i parallhlogr4ammoi@ ^+^ to5u YU stereo5u 24isa t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoia. 2all6a t6a m6en tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoia, t6a d6e tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion: 34olon 24ara t6o AE stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 34olwj t5wj YU stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj 24ison 2est4in. di4hxqwsan a3i DR, XU ka6i sumpipt4etwsan 2all4hlai@ kat6a t6o W, ka6i di6a to5u T t5hj DW par4allhlo@ 24hxqw 3h IIAATSS, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 3h OD kat6a t6o IIAA, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6a WY, RI stere4a. 24ison d4h 2esti t6o YW stere4on, o35u ^+^ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o RY parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o WQQ, t5wj YU stere5wj, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o RY parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o UF: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ RY ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai a3i RW, RU, TSS, TX, SSTT, SOO, YQQ, YF 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2isin e2uqei5wn t5wn WX, STTF. 2all6a t6o YU stere6on t5wj AE 2estin 24ison: ka6i t6o YW 24ara stere6on t5wj AE stere5wj 2estin 24ison. ka6i 2epe6i 24ison 2est6i t6o RUXT parallhl4ogrammon t5wj WT parallhlogr4ammwj: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ RT ka6i 2en ta5i@ a2uta5i@ parall4hloi@ ta5i@ RT, WX: 2all6a t6o RUXT t5wj GD 2estin 24ison, 2epe6i ka6i t5wj AB, ka6i t6o WT 24ara parallhl4ogrammon t5wj GD 2estin 24ison. 24allo d6e t6o DT: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h GD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DT, o34utw@ 3h WT pr6o@ t6hn DT. ka6i 2epe6i stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o GI 2epip4edwj t5wj RZ t4etmhtai parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estin 3w@ 3h GD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DT b4asin, o34utw@ t6o GZ stere6on pr6o@ t6o RI stere4on. di6a t6a a2ut6a d4h, 2epe6i stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o WI 2epip4edwj t5wj RY t4etmhtai parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estin 3w@ 3h WT b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn TD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o WY stere6on pr6o@ t6o RI. 2all' 3w@ 3h GD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DT, o34utw@ 3h WT pr6o@ t6hn DT: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o GZ stere6on ^+^ pr6o@ t6o RI stere4on, o34utw@ t6o WY stere6on pr6o@ t6o RI. 3ek4ateron 24ara t5wn GZ, WY stere5wn pr6o@ t6o RI t6on a2ut6on 24exei l4ogon: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o GZ stere6on t5wj WY stere5wj. 2all6a t6o WY t5wj AE 2ede4ixqh 24ison: ka6i t6o AE 24ara t5wj GZ 2estin 24ison. -M6h 24estwsan d6h a3i 2efesthku5iai a3i AH, QK, BE, LM, GN, OP, DZ, RS pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ta5i@ AB, GD b4asesin: l4egw p4alin, 34oti 24ison t6o AE stere6on t5wj GZ stere5wj. ^-^ 24hxqwsan g6ar 2ap6o t5wn K, E, H, M, P, Z, N, S shme4iwn 2ep6i t6o 3upoke4imenon 2ep4ipedon k4aqetoi a3i KC, ET, HU, MF, PX, ZY, NW, SI, ka6i sumball4etwsan t5wj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6a C, T, U, F, X, Y, W, I shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i CT, CU, UF, TF, XY, XW, WI, IY. 24ison d4h 2esti t6o KF stere6on t5wj PI stere5wj: 2ep4i te g6ar 24iswn b4ase4wn e2isi ^+^ t5wn KM, PS ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai pr6o@ 2orq4a@ e2isi ta5i@ b4asesin. 2all6a t6o m6en KF stere6on t5wj AE stere5wj 2estin 24ison, t6o d6e PI t5wj GZ: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, 35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o24uk e2isin 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn. ka6i t6o AE 24ara stere6on t5wj GZ stere5wj 2estin 24ison. -T6a 24ara 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 34oper 24edei ^-^ de5icai. ##32##-------lb41 -T6a 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ a3i b4asei@. -24Estw 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AB, GD: l4egw, 34oti t6a AB, GD stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ a3i b4asei@, tout4estin 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GD stere4on. -Parabebl4hsqw g6ar par6a t6hn ZH t5wj AE 24ison t6o ZQ, ka6i 2ap6o b4asew@ m6en t5h@ ZQ, 34uyou@ d6e to5u a2uto5u t5wj GD ^+^ stere6on parallhlep4ipedon sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o HK. 24ison d4h 2esti t6o AB stere6on t5wj HK stere5wj: 2ep4i te g6ar 24iswn b4ase4wn e2isi t5wn AE, ZQ ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@. ka6i 2epe6i stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o GK 2epip4edwj t5wj DH t4etmhtai parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h GZ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o GD stere6on pr6o@ t6o DQ stere4on. 24ish d6e 3h m6en ZQ b4asi@ t5hj AE b4asei, t6o d6e HK stere6on t5wj AB stere5wj: 24estin 24ara ka6i 3w@ 3h AE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GD stere4on. -T6a 24ara 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ a3i b4asei@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##33##-------lg41 -T6a 34omoia stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhla 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. -24Estw 34omoia stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AB, GD, 3om4ologo@ d6e 24estw 3h AE t5hj GZ: l4egw, 34oti t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GD stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei, 24hper 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn GZ. -2Ekbebl4hsqwsan g6ar 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ ta5i@ AE, HE, QE a3i EK, EL, EM, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en GZ 24ish 3h EK, t5hj d6e ZN 24ish 3h EL, ka6i 24eti t5hj ZR 24ish 3h EM, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o KL parallhl4ogrammon ka6i t6o KO stere4on. ^+^ -Ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i KE, EL dus6i ta5i@ GZ, ZN 24isai e2is4in, 2all6a ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o KEL gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o GZN 2estin 24ish, 2epeid4hper ka6i 3h 3up6o AEH t5hj 3up6o GZN 2estin 24ish di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn AB, GD stere5wn, 24ison 24ara 2est6i <22> t6o KL parallhl4ogrammon t5wj GN parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o m6en KM parallhl4ogrammon 24ison 2est6i ka6i 34omoion t5wj GR <22> ka6i 24eti t6o EO t5wj DZ: tr4ia 24ara parallhl4ogramma to5u KO stereo5u tris6i parallhlogr4ammoi@ to5u GD stereo5u 24isa 2est6i ka6i 34omoia. 2all6a t6a m6en tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa 2est6i ka6i 34omoia, t6a d6e tr4ia tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa 2est6i ka6i 34omoia: 34olon 24ara t6o KO stere6on 34olwj t5wj GD stere5wj 24ison 2est6i ka6i ^+^ 34omoion. sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o HK parallhl4ogrammon, ka6i 2ap6o b4asewn m6en t5wn HK, KL parallhlogr4ammwn, 34uyou@ d6e to5u a2uto5u t5wj AB stere6a sumpeplhr4wsqw t6a EC, LP. ka6i 2epe6i di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn AB, GD stere5wn 2estin 3w@ 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn GZ, o34utw@ 3h EH pr6o@ t6hn ZN, ka6i 3h EQ pr6o@ t6hn ZR, 24ish d6e 3h m6en GZ t5hj EK, 3h d6e ZN t5hj EL, 3h d6e ZR t5hj EM, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn EK, o34utw@ 3h HE pr6o@ t6hn EL ka6i 3h QE pr6o@ t6hn EM. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn EK, o34utw@ t6o AH <22> pr6o@ t6o HK parallhl4ogrammon, 3w@ d6e 3h HE pr6o@ t6hn EL, o34utw@ t6o HK pr6o@ t6o KL, 3w@ d6e 3h QE pr6o@ EM, o34utw@ t6o PE pr6o@ t6o KM: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o AH parallhl4ogrammon pr6o@ t6o HK, o34utw@ t6o HK pr6o@ t6o KL ka6i t6o PE pr6o@ t6o KM. 2all' 3w@ m6en t6o AH pr6o@ t6o HK, o34utw@ t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o EC stere4on, 3w@ d6e t6o HK pr6o@ t6o KL, o34utw@ t6o CE stere6on pr6o@ t6o PL stere4on, 3w@ d6e t6o PE pr6o@ t6o KM, o34utw@ t6o PL stere6on pr6o@ t6o KO stere4on: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o EC, o34utw@ t6o EC pr6o@ t6o PL ka6i t6o PL pr6o@ t6o KO. 2e6an d6e t4essara meg4eqh kat6a t6o sunex6e@ 2an4alogon 25hj, t6o pr5wton pr6o@ t6o t4etarton triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper pr6o@ t6o de4uteron: t6o AB 24ara stere6on pr6o@ t6o KO triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper t6o AB pr6o@ t6o EC. 2all' 3w@ t6o AB pr6o@ t6o EC, o34utw@ t6o AH parallhl4ogrammon pr6o@ t6o HK ka6i 3h AE e2uqe5ia pr6o@ t6hn EK: 34wste ka6i t6o AB stere6on ^+^ pr6o@ t6o KO triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn EK. 24ison d6e t6o <22> KO stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj, 3h d6e EK e2uqe5ia t5hj GZ: ka6i t6o AB 24ara stere6on pr6o@ t6o GD stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h 3om4ologo@ a2uto5u pleur6a 3h AE pr6o@ t6hn 3om4ologon pleur6an t6hn GZ. -T6a 24ara 34omoia stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj 2est6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##33^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner4on, 34oti 2e6an t4essare@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 25wsin, 24estai 3w@ 3h pr4wth pr6o@ t6hn tet4arthn, o34utw t6o 2ap6o t5h@ pr4wth@ stere6on parallhlep4ipedon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ deut4era@ t6o 34omoion ka6i 3omo4iw@ 2anagraf4omenon, 2epe4iper ka6i 3h pr4wth pr6o@ t6hn tet4arthn triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper pr6o@ t6hn deut4eran. ##34##-------ld41 -T5wn 24iswn stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: ka6i 35wn stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isa 2est6in 2eke5ina. -24Estw 24isa stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AB, GD: l4egw, 34oti t5wn AB, GD stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@. ^+^ -24Estwsan g6ar pr4oteron a3i 2efesthku5iai a3i AH, EZ, LB, QK, GM, NC, OD, PR pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ta5i@ b4asesin a2ut5wn: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ 3h GM pr6o@ t6hn AH. -E2i m6en o25un 24ish 2estin 3h EQ b4asi@ t5hj NP b4asei, 24esti d6e ka6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj 24ison, 24estai ka6i 3h GM t5hj AH 24ish. t6a g6ar 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ a3i b4asei@ <22>. ka6i 24estai 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP, o34utw@ 3h GM pr6o@ t6hn AH, ka6i faner4on, 34oti t5wn AB, GD stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -M6h 24estw d6h 24ish 3h EQ b4asi@ t5hj NP b4asei, 2all' 24estw me4izwn 3h EQ. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj 24ison: me4izwn 24ara 2est6i ka6i 3h GM t5h@ AH <22>. ke4isqw o25un t5hj AH 24ish 3h GT, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw 2ap6o b4asew@ m6en t5h@ NP, 34uyou@ d6e to5u GT, stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o FG. ka6i 2epe6i 24ison 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj, 24ecwqen d6e t6o GF, t6a d6e 24isa pr6o@ t6o a2ut6o t6on a2ut6on 24exei l4ogon, 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on, o34utw@ t6o GD stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on. 2all' 3w@ m6en t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on, o34utw@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin: 2iso7uy5h g6ar t6a AB, GF stere4a: 3w@ d6e t6o GD stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on, o34utw@ 3h MP b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn TP b4asin ka6i 3h GM pr6o@ t6hn GT: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ 3h MG pr6o@ t6hn GT. 24ish d6e 3h GT t5hj AH: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ 3h MG pr6o@ t6hn AH. t5wn AB, ^+^ GD 24ara stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -P4alin d6h t5wn AB, GD stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipeponq4etwsan a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@: l4egw, 34oti 24ison ^-^ 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj. -24Estwsan <22> p4alin a3i 2efesthku5iai pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ta5i@ b4asesin, ka6i e2i m6en 24ish 2est6in 3h EQ b4asi@ t5hj NP b4asei, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@, 24ison 24ara 2est6i ka6i t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ t5wj to5u AB stereo5u 34uyei. t6a d6e 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj. -M6h 24estw d6h 3h EQ b4asi@ t5hj NP <22> 24ish, 2all' 24estw me4izwn 3h EQ: me5izon 24ara 2est6i ka6i t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ to5u to5u AB stereo5u 34uyou@, tout4estin 3h GM t5h@ AH. ke4isqw t5hj AH 24ish p4alin 3h GT, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw 3omo4iw@ t6o GF stere4on. 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ 3h MG pr6o@ t6hn AH, 24ish d6e 3h AH t5hj GT, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ 3h GM pr6o@ t6hn GT. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3h EQ <22> pr6o@ ^+^ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on: 2iso7uy5h g4ar 2esti t6a AB, GF stere4a: 3w@ d6e 3h GM pr6o@ t6hn GT, o34utw@ 34h te MP b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn PT b4asin ka6i t6o GD stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on. ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o AB stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on, o34utw@ t6o GD stere6on pr6o@ t6o GF stere4on: 3ek4ateron 24ara t5wn AB, GD pr6o@ t6o GF t6on a2ut6on 24exei l4ogon. 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj <2<34oper 24edei de5icai>2>. -M6h 24estwsan d6h a3i 2efesthku5iai a3i ZE, BL, HA, QK, CN, DO, MG, RP pr6o@ 2orq6a@ ta5i@ b4asesin a2ut5wn, ka6i 24hxqwsan 2ap6o t5wn Z, H, B, K, C, M, D, R shme4iwn 2ep6i t6a di6a t5wn EQ, NP 2ep4ipeda k4aqetoi ka6i sumball4etwsan to5i@ 2epip4edoi@ kat6a t6a S, T, U, F, X, Y, W, STT, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6a ZF, CW stere4a: l4egw, 34oti ka6i o34utw@ 24iswn 24ontwn t5wn AB, GD stere5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@. -2Epe6i 24ison 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj, 2all6a t6o m6en AB t5wj BT 2estin 24ison: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ ZK ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ <2<35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o2uk e2is6in 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn>2>: t6o d6e GD stere6on t5wj DY ^+^ 2estin 24ison: 2ep4i te g6ar p4alin t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ RC ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ <2<35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o2uk e2is6in 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn>2>: ka6i t6o BT 24ara stere6on t5wj DY stere5wj 24ison 2est6in <22>. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ZK b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn CR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u DY stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BT stereo5u 34uyo@. 24ish d6e 3h m6en ZK b4asi@ t5hj EQ b4asei, 3h d6e CR b4asi@ t5hj NP b4asei: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u DY stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BT stereo5u 34uyo@. t6a d' a2ut6a 34uyh ^+^ 2est6i t5wn DY, BT stere5wn ka6i t5wn DG, BA: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u DG stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@. t5wn AB, GD 24ara stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -P4alin d6h t5wn AB, GD stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipeponq4etwsan a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@: l4egw, 34oti 24ison 2est6i t6o AB stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj. -T5wn g6ar a2ut5wn kataskeuasq4entwn, 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h EQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn NP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@, 24ish d6e 3h m6en EQ b4asi@ t5hj ZK b4asei, 3h d6e NP t5hj CR, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ZK b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn CR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u GD stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u AB stereo5u 34uyo@. t6a d' a2ut6a 34uyh 2est6i t5wn AB, GD stere5wn ka6i t5wn BT, DY: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ZK b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn CR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u DY stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BT stereo5u 34uyo@. t5wn BT, DY 24ara stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin <2<35wn d6e stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn t6a 34uyh pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2esti ta5i@ b4asesin a2ut5wn, 2antipep4onqasi d6e a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isa 2est6in 2eke5ina>2>. 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BT stere6on t5wj DY stere5wj. 2all6a t6o m6en BT t5wj BA 24ison 2est4in: 2ep4i te g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ <22> t5h@ ZK ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ <2<35wn a3i 2efest5wsai o2uk e2is6in 2ep6i t5wn a2ut5wn e2uqei5wn>2>. t6o d6e DY stere6on t5wj DG stere5wj 24ison 2est6in <2<2ep4i te g6ar ^+^ p4alin t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4ase4w@ e2isi t5h@ CR ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ ka6i o2uk 2en ta5i@ a2uta5i@ e2uqe4iai@>2>. ka6i t6o AB 24ara stere6on t5wj GD stere5wj 2estin 24ison: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##35##-------le41 -2E6an 25wsi d4uo gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi 24isai, 2ep6i d6e t5wn koruf5wn a2ut5wn met4ewroi e2uqe5iai 2epistaq5wsin 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousai met6a t5wn 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqei5wn 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj, 2ep6i d6e t5wn mete4wrwn lhfq5hj tux4onta shme5ia, ka6i 2ap' a2ut5wn 2ep6i t6a 2ep4ipeda, 2en o35i@ e2isin a3i 2ec 2arx5h@ gwn4iai, k4aqetoi 2axq5wsin, 2ap6o d6e t5wn genom4enwn shme4iwn 2en to5i@ 2epip4edoi@ 2ep6i t6a@ 2ec 2arx5h@ gwn4ia@ 2epizeuxq5wsin e2uqe5iai, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4ecousi met6a t5wn mete4wrwn. -24Estwsan d4uo gwn4iai e2uq4ugrammoi 24isai a3i 3up6o BAG, EDZ, 2ap6o d6e t5wn A, D shme4iwn met4ewroi e2uqe5iai 2efest4atwsan a3i AH, DM 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousai met6a t5wn 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqei5wn 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj, t6hn m6en 3up6o MDE t5hj 3up6o HAB, t6hn d6e 3up6o MDZ t5hj 3up6o HAG, ka6i e2il4hfqw 2ep6i t5wn AH, DM tux4onta shme5ia t6a H, M, ka6i 24hxqwsan 2ap6o t5wn H, M shme4iwn 2ep6i t6a di6a t5wn BAG, EDZ 2ep4ipeda k4aqetoi a3i HL, MN, ka6i sumball4etwsan ^+^ to5i@ 2epip4edoi@ kat6a t6a N, L, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LA, ND: l4egw, 34oti 24ish 2est6in 3h 3up6o HAL gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o MDN gwn4iaj. -Ke4isqw t5hj DM 24ish 3h AQ, ka6i 24hxqw di6a to5u Q shme4iou t5hj HL par4allhlo@ 3h QK. 3h d6e HL k4aqet4o@ 2estin 2ep6i t6o di6a t5wn BAG 2ep4ipedon: ka6i 3h QK 24ara k4aqet4o@ 2estin 2ep6i t6o di6a t5wn BAG 2ep4ipedon. 24hxqwsan 2ap6o t5wn K, N shme4iwn 2ep6i t6a@ AB, AG, DZ, DE e2uqe4ia@ k4aqetoi a3i KG, NZ, KB, NE, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i QG, GB, MZ, ZE. 2epe6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QA 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn QK, KA, t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ KA 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn KG, GA, ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QA 24ara 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn QK, KG, GA. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o t5wn QK, KG 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QG: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ QA 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn QG, GA. 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o QGA gwn4ia. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o DZM gwn4ia 2orq4h 2estin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o AGQ gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o DZM. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o QAG t5hj 3up6o MDZ 24ish. d4uo d6h tr4igwn4a 2esti t6a MDZ, QAG d4uo gwn4ia@ dus6i gwn4iai@ 24isa@ 24exonta 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj ka6i m4ian pleur6an mi5aj pleur5aj 24ishn t6hn 3upote4inousan 3up6o m4ian t5wn 24iswn gwni5wn t6hn QA t5hj MD: ka6i t6a@ loip6a@ 24ara pleur6a@ ta5i@ loipa5i@ pleura5i@ 24isa@ 34ecei 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h AG t5hj DZ. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h AB t5hj DE 2estin 24ish ^+^ <22>. 2epe6i o25un 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AG t5hj DZ, 3h d6e AB t5hj DE, d4uo d6h a3i GA, AB dus6i ta5i@ ZD, DE 24isai e2is4in. 2all6a ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o GAB gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o ZDE 2estin 24ish: b4asi@ 24ara 3h BG b4asei t5hj EZ 24ish 2est6i ka6i t6o tr4igwnon t5wj trig4wnwj ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o AGB gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o DZE. 24esti d6e ka6i 2orq6h 3h 3up6o AGK 2orq5hj t5hj 3up6o DZN 24ish: ka6i loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o BGK loip5hj t5hj 3up6o EZN 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o GBK t5hj 3up6o ZEN 2estin 24ish. d4uo d6h tr4igwn4a 2esti t6a BGK, EZN <22> d4uo gwn4ia@ dus6i gwn4iai@ 24isa@ 24exonta 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj ka6i m4ian pleur6an mi5aj pleur5aj 24ishn t6hn pr6o@ ta5i@ 24isai@ gwn4iai@ t6hn BG t5hj EZ: ka6i t6a@ loip6a@ 24ara ^+^ pleur6a@ ta5i@ loipa5i@ pleura5i@ 24isa@ 34ecousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h GK t5hj ZN. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h AG t5hj DZ 24ish: d4uo d6h a3i AG, GK dus6i ta5i@ DZ, ZN 24isai e2is4in: ka6i 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousin. b4asi@ 24ara 3h AK b4asei t5hj DN 24ish 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AQ t5hj DM, 24ison 2est6i ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AQ t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ DM. 2all6a t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ AQ 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn AK, KQ: 2orq6h g6ar 3h 3up6o AKQ: t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ DM 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn DN, NM: 2orq6h g6ar 3h 3up6o DNM: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AK, KQ 24isa 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn DN, NM, 35wn t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AK 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ DN: loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KQ 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ NM: 24ish 24ara 3h QK t5hj MN. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i QA, AK dus6i ta5i@ MD, DN 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i b4asi@ 3h QK b4asei t5hj MN 2ede4ixqh 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o QAK gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o MDN 2estin 24ish. -2E6an 24ara 25wsi d4uo gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi 24isai ka6i t6a 3ec5h@ t5h@ prot4asew@ <2<34oper 24edei de5icai>2>. ##35^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner6on, 34oti, 2e6an 25wsi d4uo gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi 24isai, 2epistaq5wsi d6e 2ep' a2ut5wn met4ewroi e2uqe5iai 24isai 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousai met6a t5wn 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqei5wn 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj, a3i 2ap' a2ut5wn k4aqetoi 2ag4omenai 2ep6i t6a 2ep4ipeda, 2en o35i@ e2isin a3i 2ec 2arx5h@ gwn4iai, 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in. ^-^ 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ <3<####*XIa####-^V4^-^P207^-^L3^-ia41 <00> ###PROP### ##36##-E6an tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 25wsi, t6o periex4omenon 3up6o t5wn tri5wn stere6on 24ison 24estai t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ m4esh@ stere5wj 2isople4urwj m4en, 2isogwn4iwj d6e t5wj proeirhm4enwj. -24estwsan tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon a3i A, B, G, 3w@ 3h A pr6o@ t6hn B, o34utw@ 3h B pr6o@ t6hn G. l4egw, 34oti t6o 3up6o t5wn A, B, G periex4omenon stere6on 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ B stere5wj 2isople4urwj te ka6i 2isogwn4iwj. ke4isqw t5hj A 24ish 3h AE, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj ED e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj shme4iwj t5wj D tuxo4ushj stere5aj gwn4iaj e2uqugr4ammwj 24ish stere6a gwn4ia e2uq4ugrammo@ 3h periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn ZD, DH, HD, DE, ZD, DQ, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en B 24ish 3h HD, t5hj d6e G 24ish 3h QD, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o DK stere4on, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj B 24ish 3h LM, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj ML e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj L t5hj stere5aj gwn4iaj e2uqugr4ammwj t5hj periexom4enhj 3up6o t5wn QD, DE ED, DH, HD, DQ 24ish stere6a gwn4ia e2uq4ugrammo@ 3h periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn ML, LN, NL, LC, CL, LM, 34wste 24ishn e25inai t6hn m6en 3up6o t5wn QD, DE t5hj 3up6o t5wn NL, LM, t6hn d6e 3up6o t5wn QD, DH t5hj 3up6o t5wn NL, LC, t6hn d6e 3up6o t5wn HD, ^+^ DE t5hj 3up6o t5wn CL, LM, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj B 24ish 3ekat4era t5wn CL, LO, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o LP stere4on. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h A pr6o@ t6hn B, o34utw@ 3h B pr6o@ t6hn G, 24ish d6e 3h m6en A t5hj DE, 3h d6e B 3ekat4eraj t5wn CL, LO, 3h d6e G t5hj DQ, 3w@ 24ara 3h DE pr6o@ ML, o34utw@ 3h OL pr6o@ t6hn DQ. ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn QD, DE, OL, LM a3i pleura6i 2antipep4onqasin: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o DQ QR parallhl4ogrammon t5wj OLMS. ka6i 2epe6i 24isai gwn4iai 2ep4ipedo4i e2isin a3i 3up6o t5wn QD, DE, OL, LM, 2ep6i d6e t5wn koruf5wn a2ut5wn met4ewroi gramma6i 2efes5asin a3i HD, CL, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousi g6hn m6en 3up6o t5wn QD, DH t5hj 3up6o t5wn OL, LC, t6hn d6e 3up6o t5wn HD, DE t5hj 3up6o t5wn CL, LM ka6i 2afhjrhm4enai e2is6in 24isai e2uqe5iai a3i HD, CL, a3i 24ara 2ap6o t5wn H, C 2ep6i t6a di6a t5wn QD, DE, OL, LM 2ep4ipeda k4aqetoi 2ag4omenai 24isai 24esontai. t6a d6e 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda, 35wn t6a 34uyh 24isa 2est4i, 24isa 2est6in 2eke5ina. 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o DK t5wj LP. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en DK t6o 3up6o t5wn A, B, G, t6o d6e LP t6o 2ap6o t5h@ B. t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn A, B, G periex4omenon stere6on 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ B stere5wj 2isople4urwj m4en, 2isogwn4iwj d6e t5wj proeirhm4enwj:34oper 24edei de5icai. ##37##-------lz41 -2E6an 25wsin 3osaidhpoto5un e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon, ka6i t6a 2ap' a2ut5wn 34omoia ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imena stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2an4alogon 24estai. ka6i 2e6an t6a 2ap' a2ut5wn 34omoia ka6i ^-^ 3omo4iw@ ke4imena stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2an4alogon 25hj, ka6i a35utai 2an4alogon 24esontai. -24estwsan 3osaidhpoto5un e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 3h AB, GD, EZ, HQ, 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ HQ, ka6i 2anagegr4afqw 2af' 3ek4asth@ t5wn AB, GD, EZ, HQ 34omoia ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imena stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AK, GL, EM, HN. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o GL stere4on, o34utw@ t6o EM stere6on pr6o@ t6o HN stere4on. pepoi4hsqw g6ar 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 34h te ^+^ GD pr6o@ t6hn C ka6i 3h C pr6o@ t6hn O. 3w@ 24ara 3h pr4wth pr6o@ t6hn tet4arthn, tout4estin 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn O, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ pr4wth@, tout4esti t6o AK, pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ deut4era@, tout4esti t6o GL: 3w@ d6e 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ, o34utw@ 34h te HQ pr6o@ t6hn P ka6i 3h P pr6o@ t6hn R. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn R, o34utw@ t6o EM pr6o@ t6hn HN. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ, 2all' 3w@ m6en 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 34h te GD pr6o@ t6hn C ka6i 3h C pr6o@ t6hn O, 3w@ d6e 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ, o34utw@ 34h te HQ pr6o@ t6hn P ka6i 3h P pr6o@ t6hn R, di' 24isou 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn O, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn R. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn O, o34utw@ t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o GL stere4on, 3w@ d6e 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn R, o34utw@ t6o EM stere6on pr6o@ t6o HN stere4on. 3w@ 24ara t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o GL stere4on, o34utw@ t6o EM stere6on pr6o@ t6o HN stere4on. -24estw d6h p4alin 3w@ t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o GL stere4on, o34utw@ t6o EM stere6on pr6o@ t6o HN stere4on. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ. pepoi4hsqw g6ar 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn ST, ka6i 2anagegr4afqw 2ap6o t5h@ ST t5wj HN 34omoion ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t6o ST. 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn ST, ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o GL stere4on, o34utw@ t6o EM stere6on pr6o@ t6o SU stere4on. t6o EM 24ara pr6o@ 3ek4ateron t5wn HN, SU t6on a2ut6on 24exei l4ogon. 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o HN t5wj SU, ka6i 3om4olog4o@ 2estin 3h HQ t5hj ST. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h HQ t5hj ST. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn ST, 24ish d6e 3h ST t5hj HQ, 3w@ 24ara 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##38##-------lh41 -2E6an k4ubou t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn a3i pleura6i d4ixa tmhq5wsi, di6a d6e t5wn tom5wn 2ep4ipeda 2ekblhq5hj, 3h t5wn 2epip4edwn koin6h tom6h d4ixa teme5i t6hn to5u k4uklou di4ametron, ka6i a2ut6h d4ixa tmhq4hsetai 3up6o t5h@ to5u k4uklou diam4etrou. ^+^ -k4ubou g6ar to5u AB t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn t5wn GD, AE, BZ, HQ a3i pleura6i d4ixa tetm4hsqwsan a3i GD, DA, AE, EG, BZ, ZH, HQ, QB kat6a t6a K, L, M, N, C, O, P, R, di6a d6e t5wn tom5wn 2ep4ipeda 2ekbebl4hsqw t6a KM, PC, NL, OR, ka6i 2estw t5wn 2epip4edwn koin6h tom6h 3h ST, di4ametro@ d6e to5u k4ubou 24estw 3h BA. l4egw, 34oti 3h ST d4ixa t4emnei t6hn to5u k4ubou di4ametron, ka6i a34uth d4ixa tmhq4hsetai. 3up6o t5wn to5u k4ubou diam4etrwn. -2epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i GS, SA, BT, TH. 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h GE t5hj DA, ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en GE 3hm4iseia 3h GN, t5h@ d6e DA 3hm4iseia 3h LA, 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h GN t5hj LA: 24esti d6e ka6i 3h SN t5hj SL 24ish. d4uo d6h a3i GN, NS dus6i ta5i@ LA, LS 24isai e2is4i: ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o GNS gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o SLA 24ish: b4asi@ 24ara 3h GS b4asei t5hj SA 24ish, ka6i t6o GNS tr4igwnon t5wj ALS trig4wnwj 24ison 24estai, ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@ 24isai 24esontai, 3uf' 36a@ a3i 24isai pleura6i 3upote4inousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o t5wn GS, SN gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o t5wn LS, SA. koin6h proske4isqw 3h 3up6o t5wn NS, SA. a3i 24ara 3up6o t5wn GS, SN, NS, SA ta5i@ 3up6o t5wn LS, SA, AS, SN 24isai e2is4in. 2all' a3i 3up6o t5wn LS, SA, AS, SN dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4i: pr6o@ d4h tini e2uqe4iaj t5hj NS ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2uthj shme4iwj t5wj S d4uo e2uqe5iai a3i SG, SA m6h 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh ke4imenai t6a@ 2efec5h@ gwn4ia@ dus6in 2orqa5i@ 24isa@ poio5usi t6a@ 3up6o t5wn GSN, NSA. 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ 24ara 2est6in 3h GS t5hj SA. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h BT t5hj TH 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ 2est4i. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3ekat4era t5wn GB, AH t5hj EQ, 2all6a ka6i par4allhloi, a3i d6e par6a t6hn a2ut6hn e2uqe5ian m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj o25usai par4allhloi e2is4in, a3i GB, AH 24ara 24isai te ka6i par4allhlo4i e2isi. ka6i 2epezeugm4enai e2is4in a3i GA, BH, ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en GA 3hm4iseia 3h SA, t5h@ d6e BH 3hm4iseia 3h BT. a3i SA, BT 24ara 24isai te ka6i par4allhlo4i e2isi: ka6i 2epezeugm4enai e2is6in a3i ST, AB. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h m6en SU t5hj UT, 3h d6e AU t5hj UB: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##39##-------lq41 -2E6an 25hj d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h, ka6i t6o m6en 24exei b4asin tr4igwnon, t6o d6e parallhl4ogrammon, dipl4asion d6e 25hj t6o parallhl4ogrammon to5u trig4wnou, 24isa 24estai t6a pr4ismata. -24Estw d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h t6a ABGDEZ, HQKLMN, ka6i t6o m6en 2ex4etw tr4igwnon b4asin t6o KLN, t6o d6e parallhl4ogrammon t6o BGDE, ka6i 24estw t6o BGDE to5u NKL trig4wnou dipl4asion. l4egw, 34oti 24isa 2est6i t6a pr4ismata. peplhr4wsqw g6ar t6a par4allhla 2ep4ipeda t6a AD, HL. 2epe6i o25un t6o BD parallhl4ogrammon to5u NKL trig4wnou 2est6i dipl4asion, 24esti d6e to5u NKL trig4wnou dipl4asion t6o NL parallhl4ogrammon, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BD t5wj NL. 2ep6i 24iswn o25un b4asewn t5wn BD, NL 2iso7uy5h 2esti stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a AD, HL. 24isa 2est6in 2all4hloi@. 2all6a to5u m6en AD 34hmis4u 2esti t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma, to5u d6e HL 34hmisu t6o HQKLM pr4isma. ka6i t6o ABGDEZ 24ara pr4isma t5wj HQKLMN pr4ismati 24ison 2est4in: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ---<22> ####XIIa####----<22> ###PROP### ##1##-T6a 2en to5i@ k4ukloi@ 34omoia pol4ugwna pr6o@ ^-^ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn diam4etrwn tetr4agwna. -24estwsan k4ukloi o3i ABGD, HQKL, ka6i 2en to5i@ ABGD, HQKL 34omoia pol4ugwna 24estw t6a ABGDE, HQKLM, di4ametroi d6e t5wn k4uklwn 24estwsan a3i BZ, QN. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QN tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o HQKLM pol4ugwnon. 2epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i BE, AZ, QM, HN. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ AE, o34utw@ 3h QH pr6o@ t6hn HM, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn BAE, QHM a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABE tr4igwnon t5wj HQM trig4wnwj: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o t5wn AEB gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o t5wn HQM. 2all' 3h m6en 3up6o ^+^ AEB t5hj 3up6o AZB 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e 3up6o HMQ t5hj 3up6o HNQ 2estin 24ish. 24esti d6e 2orq6h 3up6o t5wn BAZ 2orq5hj t5hj 3up6o QHN 24ish. loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o AZB loip5hj t5hj 3up6o HQN 2estin 24ish. 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABZ tr4igwnon t5wj HQN trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h BZ pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h QN pr6o@ QH. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h BZ pr6o@ t6hn QN, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn QH. ka6i 2epe6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QN tetr4agwnon diplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZB pr6o@ t6hn QN, 24exei d6e ka6i t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o HQKLM pol4ugwnon diplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn HQ, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BZ pr6o@ t6hn QN, o34utw@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn HQ, ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QN tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o HQKLM pol4ugwnon: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2##-O3i k4ukloi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn diam4etrwn tetr4agwna. -24estwsan k4ukloi o3i ABGD, EZHQ, di4ametroi d6e a2ut5wn a3i BD, ZQ. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon. e2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, 24htoi pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion 26h pr6o@ t6o me5izon. 24estw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o F, ka6i t5wj EZHQ k4uklwj 24isa 24estw t6a FX, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ. t6o EZHQ 24ara tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u EZHQ k4uklou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QE perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a K, L, M, N shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EK, KZ, ZL, LH, HM, MQ, QN, NE. 34ekaston 24ara t5wn EK, KZ, ZL, LH, HM, MQ, QN, NE tr4igwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4uklou. 34ekaston 24ara t5wn EKZ, ZLH, HMQ, QNE t5wn trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 24htoi 34hmisu to5u kaq' a3ut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4uklou. ^+^ toia4uth@ d6h ginom4enh@ t5h@ diair4esew@ lhfq4hsetai toia5uta tm4hmata 2ap6o to5u 34olou k4uklou, 36a 24estai 2el4assona to5u X xwr4iou. lel4hfqw ka6i 24estw t6a EK, KZ, ZL, LH, HM, MQ, QN, NE. d4uo o25un megeq5wn 2an4iswn 2ekkeim4enwn to5u te EZQ k4uklou ka6i to5u X xwr4iou 2af4hjrhtai 2ap6o to5u me4izono@ me5izon 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ ka6i to5u kataleipom4enou me5izon 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@, ka6i to5uto 2ae6i geg4enhtai, ka6i katal4eleiptai xwr4ion, 36o 24elasson 24estai to5u X. loip6on 24ara t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon me5iz4on 2esti to5u F xwr4iou. 2eggegr4afqw d6h e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj EKZLHMQN polug4wnwj 34omoion pol4ugwnon t6o ACBOGPDR. 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o F xwr4ion, 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ t6o ACBOGPDR pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN, 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o F xwr4ion, o34utw@ t6o ACBOGPDR pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est4in, 3w@ 3o ABGD pr6o@ t6o 2en a2ut5wj pol4ugwnon, o34utw@ t6o X xwr4ion pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon. me4izwn d6e 3o ABGD k4uklo@ to5u 2en a2ut5wj polug4wnou: me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o F xwr4ion to5u EKZLHMQN polug4wnou. 2all6a m6hn ka6i 24elasson t6o F: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion. -l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ me5izon. e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ t6o F. 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o F xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon. 3w@ d6e t6o F xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion: 3w@ 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion: 34oper 2ad4unaton d4edeiktai. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, ^+^ o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elasson. 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon. ##3##-P5asa puram6i@ tr4igwnon 24exousa b4asin diaire5itai e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa, ka6i t6a d4uo pr4ismata t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@ me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu. -24estw puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en 24estw t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. l4egw, 34oti 3h ABGD puram6i@ diaire5itai e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa. tetm4hsqwsan a3i pleura6i t5h@ puram4ido@ d4ixa kat6a t6a E, Z, H, Q, K, L shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, EH, HL, ZQ, QK, KL, LQ. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AZ t5hj ZD, 3h d6e BQ t5hj QD, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5hj ZQ. p4alin 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AE t5hj EB, 3h d6e AZ t5hj ZD, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h BD t5hj EZ. parallhl4ogrammon 24ara 2est6i t6o EBZQ. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h m6en EB t5hj ZQ, 3h d6e EZ t5hj BQ. 2all' 3h m6en BE t5hj EA 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e BQ t5hj QL. ka6i 3h m6en AE 24ara t5hj ZQ 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e EZ t5hj QD. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h AZ t5hj ZD 24ish. 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoi4on 2esti t6o AEZ tr4igwnon t5wj ZQD trig4wnwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o AZQ tr4igwnon t5wj ZDK trig4wnwj 24ison te ka6i 34omoi4on 2estin. t6o d6e AEH tr4igwnon t5wj ZQK trig4wnwj 24ison te ka6i 34omoi4on 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn a3i EZ, ZH par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn t6a@ QD, DK ke5intai m6h 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj o25usai, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ periecousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o EZH gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o QDK gwn4iaj. 2epe6i o25un d4uo a3i EZ, ZH dus6i ta5i@ QD, DK 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o EZH gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o QDK 24ish 2est4in, b4asi@ 24ara 3h EH b4asei t5hj QK 2estin 24ish. 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoi4on 2esti t6o EZH tr4igwnon t5wj QDK trig4wnwj. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ m4en 2esti t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Z shme5ion, 24ish te ka6i 3omo4ia 2est6i ^+^ t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o D shme5ion. ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Z shme5ion, 3omo4ia 2est6i t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o D shme5ion. di4hjrhtai 24ara 3h ABGD puram6i@ e2i@ d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj. -l4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa. 2epe6i g6ar 24ish 2est6in 3h BL t5hj LG, dipl4asi4on 2esti t6o EHLB parallhl4ogrammon to5u HLG trig4wnou. ka6i 2epe6i d4edeiktai, 34oti, 2e6an d4uo pr4ismata 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@, ka6i t6o m6en 24exei b4asin parallhl4ogrammon, t6o d6e tr4igwnon, 25hj d6e dipl4asion t6o parallhl4ogrammon to5u trig4wnou, 24isa 24estai t6a pr4ismata, t6o 24ara pr4isma t6o periex4omenon 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn QBL, EZH, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn to5u EBZQ ka6i to5u EBLH ka6i 24eti to5u ZQLH, 24ison 2est6i t5wj pr4ismati t5wj periexom4enwj 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn HGL, ZQK, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn KZHG, LGQK, ZHLQ. di4hjrhtai 24ara 3h ABGD puram6i@ e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa, ka6i faner4on, 34oti t6a d4uo pr4ismata 24isa 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@; . . . ##4##-2E6an 25wsi d4uo puram4ide@ 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ o25usai ka6i ^-^ trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@, diaireq5hj d6e 3ekat4era a2ut5wn e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa, 24estai 3w@ 3h t5h@ mi5a@ puram4ido@ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn t5h@ 3et4era@ puram4ido@ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj mi5aj puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj 3et4eraj puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. -24estwsan d4uo puram4ide@ 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ o25usai ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ t6a@ ABG, MNC, koruf6a@ d6e t6a D, O shme5ia, ka6i dihjr4hsqw 3ekat4era a2ut5wn e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGD puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. ^+^ -2epe6i g6ar par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h AB t5hj LH, 34omoi4on 2esti t6o ABG tr4igwnon t5wj LHG trig4wnwj. t6o ABG 24ara tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o LHG tr4igwnon diplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h NC pr6o@ t6hn CF. ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn GL, o34utw@ 3h NC pr6o@ t6hn CF. ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o LHG tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o MNC tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o SFC tr4igwnon. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o MNC, o34utw@ t6o HLG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o SFC tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a LHG, ZQK 2ep4ipeda, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a SFC, RTN 2ep4ipeda. 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a LHG, ZQK 2ep4ipeda, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a SFC, RUT 2ep4ipeda. 2all6a t6a m6en 2en t5hj ABGD puram4idi pr4ismata dipl4asi4a 2esti to5u pr4ismato@, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a LHG, ZQK 2ep4ipeda. t6a d' 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata dipl4asi4a 2esti to5u pr4ismato@, o35u 2apenant4ion 2est6i t6a SFC, RTU 2ep4ipeda. 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGD puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3w@ 3h AEH b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MPS b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj AEHZ puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MPSR puram4idi pr4ismata. 3w@ d6e 3h ZQK b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn TRU b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ZQKD puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj RTUO puram4idi pr4ismata. 24estai 24ara 3w@ 36en t5wn 3hgoum4enwn pr6o@ 36en t5wn 3epom4enwn, 34apanta t6a 3hgo4umena pr6o@ 34apanta t6a 3ep4omena. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGD puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. ##5##-A3i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ o25usai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@.@. -24estwsan 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ puram4ide@ trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ t6a@ ABG, MNC a3i ABGD, MNCO, koruf6a@ d6e t6a D, O shme5ia. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ ^+^ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn MNCO puram4ida. -e2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn MNCO puram4ida, 24estai 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti t5h@ MNCO puram4ido@ stere6on 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 24estw pr6o@ 24elatton t6o W, ka6i t5hj MNCO puram4idi 24isa 24estw t6a W, X xwr4ia, ka6i dihjr4hsqw 3h MNCO puram6i@ e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omoi4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata. me4izona 24ara 2est6i t6a pr4ismata t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@ 26h t6o 34hmisu. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ puram4ida@ e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa l4hyom4en tina@ puram4ida@ 2ap6o t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@, a36i 24esontai 2el4assone@ to5u X stereo5u. lel4hfqwsan ka6i 24estwsan a3i MPSR, TUO. 2epe6i o25un 3h puram6i@ 24ish 2est6i to5i@ stereo5i@ e2i@ t6a katalelhmm4ena 2apotm4hmata 2el4asson4a e2isi to5u X. loip6a 24ara t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata me4izon4a 2esti to5u W stereo5u. dihjr4hsqw 3h ABGD puram6i@ 3omo4iw@ t5hj MNCO puram4idi. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj puram4idi t5hj ABGD pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h, 3w@ 24ara 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6o W stere4on, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGD puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6a 2en a2ut5hj pr4ismata p4anta, o34utw@ t6o W stere6on pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. me4izwn d6e 3h ABGD puram6i@ t5wn 2en a2ut5hj prism4atwn p4antwn. me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o W stere6on t5wn 2en t5hj MNCO puram4idi prism4atwn p4antwn. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti t5h@ MNCO puram4ido@ stere4on. -l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ me5izon. e2i g6ar dunat6on, 24estw pr6o@ t6o W. 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h MNC b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ^+^ ABG b4asin, o34utw@ t6o W stere6on pr6o@ t6hn ABGD puram4ida. 3w@ d6e t6o W stere6on pr6o@ t6hn ABGD puram4ida, o34utw@ 3h MNCO puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ stere4on. 3w@ 24ara 3h MNC b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ABG b4asin, o34utw@ 3h MNCO puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ stere4on: 34oper 2ad4unaton d4edeiktai. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti t5h@ MNCO puram4ido@ stere4on. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elatton. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn MNC b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn MNCO puram4ida: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##6##-P5an pr4isma tr4igwnon 24exon b4asin diaire5itai e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@. -24estw pr4isma t6o ABGDEZ tr4igwnon 24exon b4asin t6hn GZD. l4egw, 34oti t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma diaire5itai e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@. 2epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i BD, BZ, ZE. 3h 24ara puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o GBD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Z shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o BDE tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o Z shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o AEZ tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o Z shme5ion. ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o BGD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Z shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o AEZ tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o B shme5ion. di4hjrhtai 24ara t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isin ABGD, EAEZ, koruf6h d6e t6a B, Z sheme5ia. ##7##-T5wn 24iswn puram4idwn ka6i trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesi. ka6i 35wn puram4idwn trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isai e2is6in 2eke5inai. -24estwsan 24isai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ t6a@ ABG, EZH a3i ABGD, EZHQ, koruf6a@ d6e t6a D, Q shme5ia. l4egw, 34oti t5wn ABGD, EZHQ puram4idwn ^+^ trig4wnwn b4asin 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesi. sumpeplhr4wsqw g6ar t6a BDML, ZQRO stere4a. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h ABGD puram6i@ t5hj EZHQ puram4idi, ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en ABGD puram4ido@ 3ecapl4asion t6o BDML stere4on. t5h@ d6e EZHQ 3ecapl4asion t6o ZQRO stere4on, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BDML stere6on t5wj ZQRO stere5wj. t5wn d6e 24iswn stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u ORQZ stereo5u 34uyo@. 3w@ d6e 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZR b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin. 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u ORQZ stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u LMDB stereo5u 34uyo@. t6a d' a2ut6a 34uyh 2est6i t5wn te BDML, ZQRO stere5wn ka6i t5wn ABGD, EZHQ puram4idwn. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ EZHQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ t5wn ABGD, EZHQ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ 34uyo@. t5wn ABGD, EZHQ 24ara puram4idwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -2antipeponq4etwsan d6h p4alin t5wn ABGD, EZHQ puram4idwn a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesi, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ EZHQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ 34uyo@. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 24ish 3h ABGD puram6i@ t5hj EZHQ puram4idi: t5wn g6ar a2ut5wn kataskeuasq4entwn 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ EZHQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ 34uyo@, 3w@ d6e 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZH b4asin, o34utw@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ EZHQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGD puram4ido@ 34uyo@. t6a d' a2ut6a 34uyh 2est6i t5wn te ABGD, EZHQ puram4idwn ka6i t5wn BDML, ZQRO stere5wn. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZR b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u ZQRO stereo5u 34uyo@. 35wn d6e stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isa 2est6in 2eke5ina. 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BDML stere6on t5wj ZQRO stere5wj. ka4i 2esti to5u m6en BDML stereo5u 34ekton m4ero@ ^+^ 3h EZHQ, ABGD puram4i@, to5u d6e ZQRO stereo5u 34ekton m4ero@ 3h EZHQ puram4i@. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h ABGD puram6i@ t5hj EZHQ puram4idi. 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##8##-A3i 34omoiai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. -24estwsan 34omoiai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ t6a@ ABG, EZH a3i ABGD, EZHQ, koruf6a@ d6e t6a D, Q shme5ia, ka6i 24estw 24ish 3h m6en 3up6o t5wn AB, BG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o t5wn EZ, ZH gwn4iaj, 3h d6e 3up6o t5wn AB, BD t5hj 3up6o t5wn EZ, ZQ. ka6i 2epe6i 3h 3up6o t5wn AB, BG t5hj 3up6o t5wn QZ, ZH, 3om4ologo@ d6e 24estw 3h BG t5hj ZH. l4egw, 34oti 3h ABGD puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn ZH. -sumpeplhr4wsqwsan g6ar t6a BDML, ZQRO stere4a. 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn BL, o34utw@ 3h ZH pr6o@ t6hn ZE, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn AB, BG, EZ, ZH a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BM parallhl4ogrammon t5wj ZR parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o m6en AD t5wj EQ 34omoi4on 2esti, t6o d6e NB t5wj ZP. 2all6a t6a m6en BN, AD, BM t6a tr4ia to5i@ 2apenant4ion a2ut5wn to5i@ LD, MN, AL 24isa 2est4i, t6a d6e ZR, EQ, PZ t6a tr4ia to5i@ 2apenant4ion a2ut5wn to5i@ QO, EO, RP 24isa 2est4in. 34olon 24ara t6o BDML stere6on 34olwj t5wj ZQRO stere5wj 3omoi4on 2esti. t6a d6e 34omoia stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhla 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj 2est6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. t6o BDML 24ara stere6on pr6o@ t6o ZQRO stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn ZH. ka4i 2esti to5u m6en BDML stereo5u 34ekton m4ero@ 3h ABG puram6i@ to5u ZQRO stereo5u 34ekton m4ero@ 3h EZHQ puram4i@: ka6i 3h ABGD 24ara puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn ZH. ##9##-P5a@ k5wno@ kul4indrou tr4iton m4ero@ 2est6i to5u t6hn a2ut6hn b4asin 24exonto@ ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison. ^+^ -2ex4etw g6ar k5wno@ kul4indrwj b4asin t6hn a2ut6hn t6on ABGD k4uklon ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison. l4egw, 34oti tripl4asi4o@ 2estin 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou. -e2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou tripl4asio@, 24estai 24ara 24htoi me4izwn 26h tripl4asio@ 26h 2el4asswn 26h tripl4asio@. 24estw pr4oteron 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou me4izwn 26h tripl4asio@ t5wj RS stere5wj. ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o ABGD, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou pr4isma 2iso7uy6e@ t5wj kul4indrwj. t6o 24ara 2anestam4enon pr4isma me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kul4indrou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i AB, BG, GD, DA perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a E, Z, H, Q shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EA, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, DQ, QA, ka6i 2anest4atw 2af' 3ek4astou t5wn DEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn pr4ismata 2iso7uy6e@ t5wj kul4indrwj. 34ekaston 2anastam4enwn prism4atwn me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' a3ut6o tm4hmato@ ka6i kul4indrou. toia4uth@ d6h ginom4enh@ 2ae6i 2episk4eyew@ lhfq4hseta4i tina tm4hmata 2ap6o to5u 34olou kul4indrou, 36a 24estai 2el4attona to5u R stereo5u. lel4hfqw ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA. loip6on 24ara t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, me5iz4on 2estin 26h tripl4asion to5u k4wnou to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj. 2all6a t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, tripl4asi4on 2esti t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ b4asin m6en 2exo4ush@ t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj. ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, me5iz4on 2esti to5u k4wnou to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj. 2all6a ka6i 2emperi4exetai 2en a2ut5wj: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou me4izwn 2est6in 26h tripl4asio@. -l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 2el4asswn 26h tripl4asio@. -e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw. 2an4apalin 24ara 3o k5wno@ to5u kul4indrou me4izwn 2est6in 26h tr4iton m4ero@ t5wj R stere5wj, ka6i ^+^ 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o ABGD, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3h 24ara 2anestam4enh puram6i@ me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4wnou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i AB, BG, GD, DA perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6o EZHQ shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AE, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, DQ, QA, ka6i 2anest4atw 2af' 3ek4astou t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anestam4enwn puram4idwn me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu t5wn kaq' a3ut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4wnou. toia4uth@ d6h ginom4enh@ 2ae6i 2episk4eyew@ lhfq4hseta4i tina tm4hmata 2ap6o to5u 34olou k4wnou, 36a 24estai 24elatton a2uto5u stereo5u. lel4hfqw ka6i 2anest4atw 2ep6i t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA. loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, me5iz4on 2estin 26h tr4iton m4ero@ to5u kul4indrou to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj. 2all' 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2estin t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj. ka6i t6o pr4isma 24ara, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, me5iz4on 2esti to5u kul4indrou to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, me5iz4on 2esti to5u kul4indrou to5u b4asin m6en 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj. 2all6a ka6i 2emperi4exetai 2en a2ut5wj: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou 2el4attwn 2est6in 26h tripl4asio@. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e me4izwn 26h tripl4asio@. tripl4asio@ 24ara 2est4in. ##10##-O3i 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 2en ta5i@ b4asesi diam4etrwn. -24estwsan 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn b4asei@ m6en 24estwsan o3i ABGD, EZHQ k4ukloi, 24acone@ d6e o3i KL, MN, di4ametroi d6e 24estwsan a3i BG, ZQ. l4egw, 34oti 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQMN k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ ZQ. ^+^ -e2i g6ar m6h 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQMN triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, 34ecei 24ara 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQMN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ 26h pr6o@ t6o me5izon. 2ex4etw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o A, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3h 24ara 2anestam4enh puram6i@ me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4wnou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QE perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a C, O, P, R shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EC, CZ, ZO, OH, HP, PQ, QR, RE, ka6i 2anest4atw 2af' 3ek4astou t5wn EC, CZ, ZO, OH, HP, PQ, QR, RE trig4wnwn puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anestam4enwn puram4idwn me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' a3ut6hn tm4hmato@ to5u k4wnou. toia4uth@ d6h ginom4enh@ 2ae6i 2episk4eyew@ lhfq4hseta4i tina tm4hmata 2ap6o to5u 34olou k4wnou, 36a 24estai 2el4assona to5u A stereo5u. lel4hfqw ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn ECZ, ZOH, HPQ, QRE. loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ECZZOHHPQRE pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, me5iz4on 2esti to5u A stereo5u. 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj ECZOHPQRE polug4wnwj 34omoi4on te pol4ugwnon t6o AEBTGUDFA, ^+^ ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u ASBTGUDF polug4wnou pr4isma 2iso7uy6e@ t5wj k4wnwj, ka6i t5wn m6en periex4ontwn t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, tr4igwnon 2efest4atw t6o LSB, t5wn d6e periex4ontwn t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ECOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, 2efest4atw t6o NZC tr4igwnon, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i SK, MC. 2epe6i 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindro4i e2isin, 35wn 2an4alog4on e2isin o34i te 24acone@ ka6i o3i di4ametroi t5wn b4asewn, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn MN, o34utw@ 3o BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. 3w@ d6e 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, o34utw@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn MZ. 3w@ 24ara 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn KB, o34utw@ 3h MN pr6o@ t6hn MZ: ka6i per6i 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn DK, KB, MN, MZ a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin. 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o KBL tr4igwnon t5wj MNZ trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn LB, o34utw@ 3h MN pr6o@ t6hn ZN. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn MN, o34utw@ 3h LZ pr6o@ t6hn NZ. p4alin 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h SK pr6o@ t6hn KL, o34utw@ 3h MC pr6o@ t6hn MN, ka6i per6i 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn SKL, CMN a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o SKL tr4igwnon t5wj CMN trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est4in, 3w@ 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn MN, o34utw@ 3h LS pr6o@ t6hn NC, 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3w@ 3h LK pr6o@ t6hn MN, o34utw@ 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn NZ: 3w@ 24ara 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn NZ, o34utw@ 3h LS pr6o@ t6hn NC. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin, 3w@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn KG, o34utw@ 3h ZM pr6o@ t6hn MC, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o t5wn BKS, ZMC a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BKS tr4igwnon t5wj ZMC trig4wnwj: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h SK pr6o@ SB, o34utw@ 3h CM pr6o@ CZ. 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3w@ 3h SK pr6o@ t6hn SL, o34utw@ 3h MC pr6o@ t6hn CN. di' 24isou 24ara 2est6in 3h LS pr6o@ SB, o34utw@ 3h NC pr6o@ t6hn CZ. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est4in, 3w@ 3h LS pr6o@ t6hn NC, o34utw@ 3h SB pr6o@ t6hn CZ. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3w@ 3h AS pr6o@ t6hn NC, o34utw@ 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn NZ. 3w@ 24ara 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn NZ, o34utw@ 3h LS pr6o@ t6hn NC: 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o LSB tr4igwnon t5wj NCZ trig4wnwj. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o KBS tr4igwnon, ^+^ koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, 3omo4ia 2est6i t5hj puram4idi t5hj b4asin m6en 2exo4ushj t6o MCZ tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. a3i d6e 34omoiai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 24exousai pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. 3h 24ara puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o BKS tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o MZC tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn ZMQ. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o KBS tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o MCZ tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn QZ. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3ek4asth t5wn loip5wn puram4idwn, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isi t6a SK, MK, FKA, KDU, UKG, KGT, KTB t6a tr4igwna, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ 3ek4asthn t5wn puram4idwn, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isi t6a CME, EMR, MQR, MQP, MPN, HMQ, MOZ t6a tr4igwna, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ASBTGMOFA pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECCOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. ka6i 2epe6i 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o A stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, 24exei d6e ka6i 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AGBPUFD pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECCQHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, 24estin 24ara, 3w@ 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o A stere4on, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est4in, 3w@ 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ASBGPUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e ^+^ t6o L shme5ion, o34utw@ t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. me4izwn d6h 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ b4asin m6en 2exo4ush@ t6o ASBPUFD pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o L shme5ion. me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o A stere6on t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ b4asin m6en 2exo4ush@ t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. 2all6a ka6i 2el4attwn: 34oper 24atopon. o2uk 24ara 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u EZHQMN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ me5izon. e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ t6o A. 2an4apalin 24ara t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDKL k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZQ pr6o@ t6hn DB. 3w@ d6e t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDKL k5wnon, o34utw@ 3o EZHMMN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDKL k4wnou stere4on. 3o EZHQMN 24ara k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDKL k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZQ pr6o@ t6hn BL: 34oper 2ad4unaton d4edeiktai. o2uk 24ara 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQMN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti. 3o ABGDKL 24ara k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQMN k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. ##11##-O3i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 35wn a3i b4asei@. -24estwsan 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn a3i b4asei@ 24estwsan o3i ABGD, EZHQ k4ukloi, 24acone@ d6e o3i KL, MN, di4ametroi d6e t5wn b4asewn 24estwsan a3i ZD, ZQ. l4egw, 34oti 2est4in, 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQN k5wnon. e2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ, 24estai 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u EZHQ k4wnou stere6on 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 24estw ^+^ pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elatton t6o A stere4on, 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3h 24ara 2anestam4enh puram6i@ me4izwn 2est6i 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4wnou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, HQ perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a C, O, P, R shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EC, CZ, ZQ, QH, HP, PQ, QR, RS, ka6i 2anest4atw 2af' 3ek4astou t5wn EC, CZ, ZQ, QH, HP, PQ, QR, RS trig4wnwn puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anestam4enwn puram4idwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' a3ut6hn tm4hmato@ to5u k4wnou. toia4uth@ d6h ginom4enh@ 2ae6i 2episk4eyew@ lhfq4hseta4i tina tm4hmata 2ap6o to5u 34olou k4wnou, 36a 24estai 2el4attona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35h@ 3uper4exei 3o ZQMN k4uklo@ to5u A stereo5u. lel4hfqw ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn ECZ, QHP, QRE. loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, me5iz4on 2esti to5u A stereo5u. 2eggegr4afqw d6h e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj ECZOHPQR polug4wnwj 34omoion pol4ugwnon t6o AGBTGUDF puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj. 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ASBPUDF pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o A stere4on, 3w@ d6e t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o A stere4on, o34utw@ 3h pu4am4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, ^+^ koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o L shme5ion, o34utw@ t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida t6hn b4asin m6en 24exousan t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. me4izwn d6e 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ b4asin m6en 2exo4ush@ t6o ASBTGUDF pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o L shme5ion. me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o A stere6on t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ b4asin m6en 2exo4ush@ t6o ECZOHPQR pol4ugwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o N shme5ion. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 34oper ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDKL k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u EZQN k4wnou stere4on. -l4egw d6h o2ud6e pr6o@ me5izon. e2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ me5izon t6o A. 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDL k5wnon. 3w@ d6e t6o A stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDL k5wnon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDL k4wnou stere4on. 3w@ 24ara 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u k4wnou to5u ABGDL stereo5u: 34oper 2ad4unaton d4edeiktai. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQN k4wnou stere4on. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elatton. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQN k5wnon. ka4i 2esti m6en k4ulindro@ 3o b4asin 24exwn t6on ABGD k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, tripl4asio@ to5u ABGDL k4wnou, to5u d6e EZHQN k4wnou tripl4asio@ 3o k4ulindro@ 3o b4asin m6en 24exwn t6on EZHQ k4uklon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGDL k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQN k4ulindron. ^+^ ##12##-2E6an k4ulindro@ 2epip4edwj tmhq5hj parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estai 3w@ 3o k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o 24acwn pr6o@ t6on 24acona. -k4ulindro@ g6ar 3o AD 2epip4edwj t5wj HQ tetm4hsqw parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@ to5i@ AB, GD, ka6i sumball4etw t5wj to5u kul4indrou 24aconi t6o HQ 2ep4ipedon kat6a t6o K shme5ion. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o HQ k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on HD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o EK 24acwn. 2ef' 3ek4atera t6a m4erh 2ep6i t6a L, M shme5ia, ka6i ke4isqwsan t5wj m6en EK 24aconi 24isoi 3osoid4hpote 3o ZC, ZM, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw di6a t5wn L, N, C, M shme4iwn 2ep4ipeda par4allhla to5i@ AB, GD, ka6i neno4hsqwsan 2en to5i@ di6a t5wn L, N, C, M shme4iwn 2epip4edoi@ per6i k4entra t6a L, N, C, M k4ukloi o3i OPRS, TUFX 24isoi 24onte@ to5i@ ABGD, ka6i neno4hsqwsan k4ulindroi o3i PR, RB, DT, TX. ka6i 2epe6i o3i LN, NE, EK 24acone@ 24isoi e2is6in 2all4hloi@, o3i 24ara PR, HR, BH k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 24isai d6e 2all4hlai@ e2is6in a3i b4asei@. 24isoi 24ara e2is6i ka6i o3i PR, RB, BH k4ulindroi 2all4hloi@. ka6i 2epe6i o3i LN, NE, EK 24acone@ 24isoi e2is6in 2all4hloi@, e2is6i d6e ka6i o3i PR, RB, BH k4ulindroi 24isoi 2all4hloi@, ka4i 2estin 24ison t6o pl5hqo@ t5wj pl4hqei, 3osaplas4iwn 24ara 2est6in 3o LK 24acwn to5u EK 24acono@, tosautaplas4iwn 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u BH kul4indrou. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3osaplas4iwn 2est6in 3o MK 24acwn to5u KZ 24acono@, tosautaplas4iwn 2est6i ka6i 3o XH k4ulindro@ to5u HD kul4indrou. e2i m6en o25un 24iso@ 2est6in 3o LK 24acwn t5wj KM 24aconi, 24iso@ 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ t5wj HX kul4indrwj, e2i d6e me4izwn 2est6in 3o KL 24acwn to5u KM 24acono@, me4izwn 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HX kul4indrou, e2i d6e 2el4asswn 2est6in 3o LK 24acwn to5u KM 24acono@, 2el4asswn 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HX kul4indrou. tess4arwn d6h megeq5wn 24ontwn, 2ac4onwn m6en t5wn EK, KZ, kul4indrwn t5wn BH, HD, e24ilhptai 2is4aki@ pollapl4asia to5u m6en EK 24acono@ ka6i BH kul4indrou 34o te KL 24acwn ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@, to5u ^+^ d6e KZ 24acono@ ka6i to5u HD kul4indrou 34o te KM 24acwn ka6i 3o H k4ulindro@, ka6i d4edeiktai, 34oti, e2i 3uper4exei 3o LK 24acwn to5u KM 24acono@, 3uper4exei ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HX kul4indrou, ka6i e2i 24iso@ 2est6in 3o KL 24acwn t5wj KM 24aconi, 24iso@ 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ t5wj HX kul4indrwj, ka6i e2i 2el4asswn 2est6in 3o LK 24acwn to5u KM 24acono@, 2el4asswn 2est6i ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HX kul4indrou, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o EK 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KZ 24acona, o34utw@ 3o BH k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on HD k4ulindron. ##13##-O3i 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ t6a 34uyh. -24estwsan g6ar 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn t5wn AB, GD k4ulindroi o3i EB, ZD. l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o HB 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona, o34utw@ 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron. -2ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3o KL 24acwn 2ep6i t6o N shme5ion, ka6i ke4isqw t5wj HQ 24aconi 24iso@ 3o LN, ka6i per6i 24acona t6on LN k4ulindro@ noe4isqw 3o GM. 2epe6i o25un o3i EB, GM k4ulindroi 3up6o t6o a2ut4o e2isin 34uyo@, pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 24isai d4e e2isin a3i b4asei@. 24iso@ 24ara ka6i 3o BE k4ulindro@ t5wj GM kul4indrwj. ka6i 2epe6i k4ulindro@ 3o ZM 2epip4edwj t5wj GD t4etmhtai parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o GM k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o LN pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona. 24iso@ d4e 2estin 3o m6en GM k4ulindro@ t5wj EB kul4indrwj, 3o d6e LM 24acwn t5wj HQ 24acon4i 2estin. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o HQ 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona. 3w@ d6e 3o BE k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o ABH k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o HQ 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona, o34utw@ 34o te ABH k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon ka6i 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron. ##14##-T5wn 24iswn k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesi, ka6i 35wn k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn ^-^ 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 2eke5inoi 24isoi e2is4in. -24estwsan 24isoi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn b4asei@ m6en o3i ^+^ ABGD k4ukloi, 24acone@ d6e o3i EZ, HQ. l4egw, 34oti t5wn ABZ, GDQ k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesi, tout4estin 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. -t6o g6ar EZ 34uyo@ t5wj HQ 34uyei 24htoi 24ison 2est6in 26h o24u. 24estw pr4oteron 24ison. o3i d6e 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDQ k5wnon 26h k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin. 24iso@ d4e 2estin 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj KDQ k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj. 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h AB b4asi@ t5hj GD b4asei. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o EZ 34uyo@ t5wj HQ 34uyei 24ison. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. m6h 24estw d6h 24ison t6o HQ 34uyo@ t5wj EZ 34uyei, 2all' 24estw me5izon t6o HQ, ka6i ke4isqw t6o EZ 24ison t5wj HK, ka6i 2ap6o b4asew@ t5h@ GD, 34uyou@ d6e to5u HK neno4hsqw k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ 3o GDK. 2epe6i o25un 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj GD k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 2est6in 24ara 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. 24iso@ d6e 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj GDQ k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ 3o GDQ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. 3w@ d6e 3o GDQ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o HK 34uyo@. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HF 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o HK 34uyo@. 24ison d6e t6o HK 34uyo@ t5wj EZ 34uyei. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. t5wn ABZ, GDQ 24ara k4wnwn 26h kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -2all6a d6h 2antipeponq4etwsan a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. l4egw, 34oti 24iso@ 2est6in 3o ABC ^-^ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj GQD k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj. p4alin g6ar t6o EZ 34uyo@ t5wj HQ 34uyei 24htoi 24ison 2est6in 26h o24u. 24estw pr4oteron ^+^ 24ison. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDQ k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. 3w@ d6e 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDQ k5wnon 26h k4ulindron, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@. 24ison d6e t6o HQ 34uyo@ t5wj EZ 34uyei. 24iso@ 24ara ka6i 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj GDQ k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj. m6h 24estw d6h 24ison t6o EZ 34uyo@ t5wj HQ 34uyei, ka6i 24estw me5izon t6o HQ t5wj EZ, ka6i ke4isqw t6o EZ 24ison t5wj HK. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. 3w@ d6e 3o AB b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn GD b4asin, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o EZ 34uyo@, tout4esti pr6o@ t6o HK. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o AZB k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron, o34utw@ t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o HK 34uyo@, 3w@ d6e t6o HQ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o HK 34uyo@, o34utw@ 3o GDQDBZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GD k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o GDQ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon 26h k4ulindron. t6a d6e pr6o@ t6o a2ut6o t6on a2ut6on 24exonta l4ogon 24isa 2est4in. 24iso@ ^-^ 24ara 3o ABZ k5wno@ 26h k4ulindro@ t5wj GDQ k4wnwj 26h kul4indrwj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##15##-D4uo k4uklwn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron 24ontwn e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon pol4ugwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou. -24estwsan d4uo k4ukloi per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o3i ABG, DEZ. de5i d6h e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon t6on ABGD pol4ugwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4attono@ k4uklou to5u EZ. -24hxqwsan t5wn ABG, DEZ k4uklwn d4uo di4ametroi pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2all4hlai@ a3i AG, DB, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u Z t5hj AG pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h ZH ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep6i t6o ZQ. 2ef4aptetai 24ara to5u EZ k4uklou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6hn GD perif4ereian d4ixa ka6i t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ GD d4ixa ka6i to5uto 2ae6i ^+^ poio5unte@ katal4hyom4en tina perif4ereian, 34hti@ 24estai 2el4asswn t5h@ HG. lel4hfqw ka6i 24estw 3h KG, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u K shme4iou 2ep6i t6hn AG k4aqeto@ 3h KL ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep6i t6o M, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i KG, GM. 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn KG, GM polug4wnou 2isople4urou 2est6i pleur6a to5u e2i@ t6on ABGD 2eggrafom4enou. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h HQ t5hj KM, 3h d6e HQ 2ef4aptetai to5u EZ k4uklou, 3h KM 24ara o2uk 2ef4aptetai to5u EZ k4uklou. poll5wj 24ara o2udet4era t5wn KG, GM 2ef4aptetai to5u EZ k4uklou. 2e6an 24ara t5hj KG perifere4iaj 24isa@ perifere4ia@ 2afair5wmen kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ ka6i 2epizeugn4uomen e2uqe4ia@, 24estai e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon pol4ugwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggegramm4enon m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou to5u EZ, ka6i faner4on, 34oti t6o 2eggraf4omenon pol4ugwnon 2arti4opleur4on 2estin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##16##-D4uo sfair5wn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o2us5wn e2i@ t6hn ^-^ me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron 26h ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian. -2ennoe4isqwsan d4uo sfa5irai per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o25usai t6o A. de5i d6h e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. tetm4hsqwsan a3i sfa5irai 2epip4edwj di6a to5u k4entrou. poi4hsei d6h tom6a@ meg4istou@ k4uklou@. poie4itw to6u@ ABGD, EZH, ka6i 24estw 3o m6en BGD k4uklo@ 2en t5hj me4izoni sfa4iraj, 3o d6e EZH 2en t5hj 2el4assoni. ka6i 24hxqwsan to5u BGD k4uklou d4uo di4ametroi pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2all4hlai@ a3i BE, GD. ka6i d4uo k4uklwn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron 24ontwn BGD, EZH e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon t6on BGD pol4ugwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggegr4afqw m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou to5u EZH, ka6i 24estwsan pleura6i to5u polug4wnou a3i BK, KL, LM, MG, ka6i 2epizeuxqe5isa 3h MA 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep6i t6o C, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou t5wj to5u BGD k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h AN ka6i sumball4etw t5hj 2epifane4iaj t5h@ me4izono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6o N shme5ion, ^+^ ka6i di' 3ekat4era@ t5wn GD, MC ka6i t5h@ AN 2ep4ipeda 2ekbebl4hsqw. poi4hsei d6h tom6a@ k4uklou@. poie4itw, 35wn 3hmik4uklia 24estw t6a GND, MNC. ka6i 2epe6i 24isoi e2is6in o3i BGD, GND, MNC k4ukloi 2all4hloi@, 34osai 24ara e2is6in 2en t5wj BG tetarthmor4iwj pleura6i to5u polug4wnou, tosa5uta4i e2isi ka6i 2en 3ekat4erwj t5wj GN, MN t5hj MG 24isai. 2enhrm4osqwsan ka6i 24estwsan a3i GO, OP, PR, RN, NS, ST, TU, UM, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i UO, TP, ER, ka6i 2ap6o m6en to5u O 2ep6i t6hn GD k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h OF, 2ap6o d6e to5u U 2ep6i t6hn MC 3h UX, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h FX. 2epe6i o25un 3h NA 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o BG 2ep4ipedon, ka6i p4anta 24ara t6a di6a t5h@ NA 2ep4ipeda 2orq4a 2esti pr6o@ t6o BG 2ep4ipedon. 36en d4e ti t5wn di6a t5h@ NA 2epip4edwn 2est6in 3h GND k4uklo@. 3o GND 24ara k4uklo@ 2orq4o@ 2esti pr6o@ t6on BGD k4uklon. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3o MNC k4uklo@ 2orq4o@ 2esti pr6o@ t6on BGD k4uklon. ka6i 2epe6i t6o GND 2ep4ipedon 2orq4on 2esti pr6o@ t6o BGD, ka6i t5hj koin5hj tom5hj a2ut5wn t5hj GD pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 25hktai 2en t5wj GND 2epip4edwj 3h OF, 3h OF 24ara ka6i t5wj BGD 2epip4edwj 2est6i pr6o@ 2orq4a@. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h UX t5wj BGD 2epip4edwj 2est6i pr6o@ 2orq4a@. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h OF t5hj UX. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h UM t5hj OG, 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ UM tetr4agwnon t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ OG tetrag4wnwj. 2all6a t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ OG 24ison 2est6i t6o 3up6o t5wn DGF, t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ UM 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ CMX. ka6i t6o 3up6o t5wn DGF 24ara 24ison 2est6i t5wj 3up6o t5wn CMX ka6i DGF t5wj 3up6o t5wn CMX. ka4i 2estin 24ish 3h DG t5hj CM. 24ish 24ara 2est6i ka6i 3h GF t5hj MX. 24esti d6e ka6i 34olh 3h GA 34olhj t5hj AM 24ish. par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h FX t5hj MG. p4alin 2epe6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ EGQ tetr4agwnon 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ MU tetrag4wnwj, 2all6a t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ GO 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn GF, FO: 24ish g6ar 3h 3up6o GFO gwn4ia: t5wj d' 2ap6o t5h@ MU 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn MX, XU: 2orq6h g4ar 2estin 3h 3up6o MXO gwn4ia: ka6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn GF, FO 24ara 24isa 2est6i to5i@ ^+^ 2ap6o t5wn MX, XU, 35wn t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GF 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ MX. loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ FO loip5wj t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ XU 2estin 24ison. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h FO t5hj UX. 24esti d6e a34uth ka6i par4allhlo@. ka6i a3i FX, OU 24ara 24isai t4e e2isi ka6i par4allhloi. 3h 24ara FX t5hj GM 2esti par4allhlo@. ka6i 3h GM 24ara t5hj OU 2esti par4allhlo@. ka6i 2ef' 3ekat4era@ a2ut5wn e24ilhptai tux4onta shme5ia t6a N, M, O, G, ka6i 2epezeugm4enai e2is4in a3i MU, GO. a3i 24ara UM, MG, GO, OU 2en to4utwj 2est6i ka6i t6o UMGO tetr4apleuron. t6o 24ara UMGO tetr4apleuron 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ek4ateron t5wn UOPT, RS tetraple4urwn 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o SRN tr4igwnon 2en 3en6i 2epip4edwj. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h MU t5hj GO, ka6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h MG t5hj UO, 2en k4uklwj 24ara 2est6i t6a M, G, U, O shme5ia. 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou 2ep6i t6o to5u MGUO tetraple4urou 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 3h AY ka6i sumball4etw t5wj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o Y. t6o Y 24ara shme5ion k4entron 2est6i to5u per6i t6a M, G, O, U shme5ia k4uklou. 2epeze4uxqw 3h YG. ka6i 2epe6i tetr4apleuron 2en k4uklwj 2est6i t6o MGOU, ka6i tre5i@ a3i UM, MG, GO 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in, ka6i me4izwn 2est6in 3h MG t5h@ UO, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ MG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GF me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u ME 2ep6i t6hn GF k4aqeto@ 3h MW. ka6i 2epe6i 2el4asswn 2est6in 3h GW t5h@ WD, 3w@ d6e 3h GW pr6o@ t6hn WD, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GW to5u 2ap6o t5h@ WM, t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn GW, WM 2el4asson4a 2esti to5u d6i@ 2ap6o t5wn MW. 2all6a t6o 2ap6o t5wn GW, WM 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ MG. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ MG 24elass4on 2esti to5u d6i@ 2ap6o t5wn MW. t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ MG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GY me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ MW to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GY me5iz4on 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h GA t5hj AM, 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GQ t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AM. 2all6a t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ GA 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn GY, YL. 2orq6h g4ar 2estin 3h pr6o@ t5wj Y gwn4ia. t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ MA 24isa 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn MW, WA. 2orq6h g4ar 2estin 3h 3up6o MWA gwn4ia. t6a 2ap6o t5wn GY, YA 24isa 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn MW, WA, 35wn t6o 2ap6o t5h@ MW me5iz4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GY. loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ YA ^+^ me5iz4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AW. me4izwn 24ara 3h YA t5h@ AW: 3h d6e AW me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. poll5wj 24ara 3h YA me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. ka6i 3h AY k4aqeto@ 2ep6i t6o MGOU 2ep4iped4on 2estin. t6o 24ara MGOU 2ep4ipedon o2u ya4uei t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ek4ateron t5wn UOPT, TPRS tetraple4urwn o2u ya4uei t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@, o2ud6e t6o NSR tr4igwnon ya4uei t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. 2e6an d6h 2en 3ek4asthj t5wn loip5wn ^-^ tetarthmor4iwn t6a a2ut6a kataskeu4aswmen, 34ecomen e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggegramm4enon m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@. -2E6an d6h e2i@ 3et4eran sfa5iran t5wj 2en t5hj BGD sfa4iraj ^-^ stere5wj polu4edrwj 34omoion stere6on pol4uedron 2eggr4aywmen, 24estai 3ek4asth t5wn puram4idwn t5wn b4asin m6en 2exous5wn t6a MGOU, UOPT, TPRS ka6i t6o NOR tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o A shme5ion, 3omo4ia t5hj 3omotage5i puram4idi. a3i d6e 34omoiai puram4ide@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exousin 24hper 3h 3om4ologo@ pleur6a pr6o@ t6hn 3om4ologon pleur4an. 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn puram4idwn t5wn b4asin m6en 2exous5wn t6a MGOU, UOPT, TPRS tetr4apleura ka6i t6o NSR tr4igwnon, koruf6hn d6e t6o A shme5ion, pr6o@ 3ek4asthn t5wn 3omotag5wn puram4idwn triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h GA pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@. ka6i 34olon 24ara t6o pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h GA pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@. 3w@ d6e 3h GA pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@, o34utw@ 3h GD pr6o@ t6hn di4ametron t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@. ka6i 34olon 24ara t6o pol4uedron pr6o@ 34olon t6o pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h GD pr6o@ t6hn di4ametron t5h@ sfa4ira@;. . . ##17##-A3i sfa5irai pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn diam4etrwn. 24estwsan sfa5irai a3i ABG, DEZ, di4ametroi d6e t5wn ^+^ ABG, DEZ sfair5wn 24estwsan a3i BG, EZ. l4egw, 34oti 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. e2i g6ar m6h 24exei 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ, 34ecei 24ara 3h ABG sfa5ira 24htoi pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina sfa5iran t5h@ DEZ 26h pr6o@ me4izona triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 2ex4etw pr4oteron pr6o@ 2el4assona t6hn HQK, ka6i neno4hsqw 3h DEZ t5hj HQK per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron, ka6i d4uo sfair5wn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o2us5wn t5wn DEZ, HQK e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran t6hn DEZ stere6on pol4uedron 2eggegr4afqw m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ HQK kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran t5wj 2en t5wj DEZ stere5wj polu4edrwj 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon stere6on pol4uedron. t6o 24ara 2en t5hj ABG sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 24exei d6e ka6i 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn HQK triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn HQK sfa5iran, o34utw@ t6o 2en t5hj ABG stere6on pol4uedron. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6o 2en a2ut5hj pol4uedron, o34utw@ 3h HQK sfa5ira pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron. me4izwn d6e 3h ABG sfa5ira to5u 2en a2ut5hj polu4edrou. me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h HQK sfa5ira to5u 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stereo5u polu4edrou. 2all6a ka6i 2el4asswn: 2emperi4exetai g4ar: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h BG sfa5ira pr6o@ 24elass4on tina t5h@ DEZ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 3h DEZ sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn BG. -l4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ me5iz4on tina t5h@ DEZ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. -e2i g6ar dunat4on, 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ me4izona l4ogon 2ex4etw t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ pr6o@ t6hn L 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 2an4apalin 24ara 3h L sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran ^+^ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn BG. 3w@ d6e 3h L sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran, o34utw@ 3h DEZ sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@. ka6i 3h DEZ 24ara sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn BG: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ me4izon4a tina t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 2el4assona. 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. ----<22> >3> $-^P70^-^L1^ ####**XI#### ###PROP### ##36##-------l@t41 -2E6an tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 25wsin, t6o 2ek t5wn tri5wn stere6on parallhlep4ipedon 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ m4esh@ stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj 2isople4urwj m4en, 2isogwn4iwj d6e t5wj proeirhm4enwj. -24Estwsan tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon a3i A, B, G, 3w@ 3h A pr6o@ t6hn B, o34utw@ 3h B pr6o@ t6hn G: l4egw, 34oti t6o 2ek t5wn A, B, G stere6on 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ B stere5wj 2isople4urwj m4en, 2isogwn4iwj d6e t5wj proeirhm4enwj. -2Ekke4isqw stere6a gwn4ia 3h pr6o@ t5wj E periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn 3up6o DEH, HEZ, ZED, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en B 24ish 3ek4asth t5wn DE, HE, EZ, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o EK stere6on parallhlep4ipedon, t5hj d6e A 24ish 3h LM, ka6i sunest4atw pr6o@ t5hj LM e2uqe4iaj ka6i t5wj pr6o@ a2ut5hj shme4iwj t5wj ^+^ L t5hj pr6o@ t5wj E stere5aj gwn4iaj 24ish stere6a gwn4ia 3h periexom4enh 3up6o t5wn NLC, CLM, MLN, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj m6en B 24ish 3h LC, t5hj d6e G 24ish 3h LN. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h A pr6o@ t6hn B, o34utw@ 3h B pr6o@ t6hn G, 24ish d6e 3h m6en A t5hj LM, 3h d6e B 3ekat4eraj t5wn LC, ED, 3h d6e G t5hj LN, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h LM pr6o@ t6hn EZ, o34utw@ 3h DE pr6o@ t6hn LN. ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o NLM, DEZ a3i pleura6i 2antipep4onqasin: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o MN parallhl4ogrammon t5wj DZ parallhlogr4ammwj. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo gwn4iai 2ep4ipedoi e2uq4ugrammoi 24isai e2is6in a3i 3up6o DEZ, NLM, ka6i 2ep' a2ut5wn met4ewroi e2uqe5iai 2efest5asin a3i LC, EH 24isai te 2all4hlai@ ka6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousai met6a t5wn 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqei5wn 3ekat4eran 3ekat4eraj, a3i 24ara 2ap6o t5wn H, C shme4iwn k4aqetoi 2ag4omenai 2ep6i t6a di6a t5wn NLM, DEZ 2ep4ipeda 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in: 34wste t6a LQ, EK stere6a 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 2est4in. t6a d6e 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o QL stere6on t5wj EK stere5wj. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en LQ t6o 2ek t5wn A, B, G stere4on, t6o d6e EK t6o 2ap6o t5h@ B stere4on: t6o 24ara 2ek t5wn A, B, G stere6on ^-^ parallhlep4ipedon 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ B stere5wj 2isople4urwj m4en, 2isogwn4iwj d6e t5wj proeirhm4enwj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##37##-------lz41 -2E6an t4essare@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 25wsin, ka6i t6a 2ap' a2ut5wn stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 34omoi4a te ka6i 3omo4iw@ 2anagraf4omena 2an4alogon 24estai: ka6i 2e6an t6a 2ap' a2ut5wn stere6a ^-^ parallhlep4ipeda 34omoi4a te ka6i 3omo4iw@ 2anagraf4omena 2an4alogon 25hj, ka6i a2uta6i a3i e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 24esontai. -24Estwsan t4essare@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon a3i AB, GD, EZ, HQ, 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ, ka6i 2anagegr4afqwsan 2ap6o t5wn AB, GD, EZ, HQ 34omoi4a te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imena stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a KA, LG, ME, NH: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ t6o KA pr6o@ t6o LG, o34utw@ t6o ME pr6o@ t6o NH. -2Epe6i g6ar 34omoi4on 2esti t6o KA stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t5wj LG, t6o KA 24ara pr6o@ t6o LG triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o ME pr6o@ t6o NH triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ. ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ. ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o AK pr6o@ t6o LG, o34utw@ t6o ME pr6o@ t6o NH. ^+^ -2All6a d6h 24estw 3w@ t6o AK stere6on pr6o@ t6o LG stere4on, o34utw@ t6o ME stere6on pr6o@ t6o NH: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AB e2uqe5ia pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ. -2Epe6i g6ar p4alin t6o KA pr6o@ t6o LG triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, 24exei d6e ka6i t6o ME pr6o@ t6o NH triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ, ka4i 2estin 3w@ t6o KA pr6o@ t6o LG, o34utw@ t6o ME pr6o@ t6o NH, ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn HQ. -2E6an 24ara t4essare@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alogon 25wsi ka6i t6a 3ec5h@ t5h@ prot4asew@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. $-^P192^-^L16^ <3<####PBFV####-----<00> ###11AP### ##38##-----<00> -2E6an 2ep4ipedon pr6o@ 2ep4ipedon 2orq6on 35hj, ka6i 2ap6o tino@ shme4iou t5wn 2en 3en6i t5wn 2epip4edwn 2ep6i t6o 34eteron 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 2axq5hj, 2ep6i t5h@ koin5h@ tom5h@ pese5itai t5wn 2epip4edwn 3h 2agom4enh k4aqeto@.^+^ -2ep4ipedon g6ar t6o GD 2epip4edwj t5wj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24estw, koin6h d6e a2ut5wn tom6h 24estw 3h DA, ka6i e2il4hfqw 2ep6i to5u GD 2epip4edou tux6on shme5ion t6o E: l4egw, 34oti 3h 2ap6o to5u E 2ep6i t6o AB 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 2agom4enh 2ep6i t5h@ DA pese5itai. -m6h g4ar, 2all' e2i dunat4on, pipt4etw 2ekt6o@ 3w@ 3h EZ, ka6i sumball4etw t5wj AB 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o Z shme5ion, ka6i 2ap6o to5u Z 2ep6i t6hn DA 2en t5wj AB 2epip4edwj k4aqeto@ 24estw 3h ZH, 34hti@ ka6i t5wj GD 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h EH. 2epe6i o25un 3h ZH t5wj GD 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3h EH o25usa 2en t5wj GD 2epip4edwj, 2orq6h 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o ZHE gwn4ia. 2all6a ka6i 3h EZ t5wj AB 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin : 3h 24ara 3up6o EZH 2orq4h 2estin. trig4wnou d6h to5u EZH a3i d4uo gwn4iai 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is4in: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h 2ap6o to5u E 2ep6i t6o AB 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 2agom4enh 2ekt6o@ pese5itai t5h@ DA. 2ep6i t6hn DA 24ara pese5itai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^>3> $-^P73^-^L12^ ####**XI#### ###PROP### ##38##-------lh41 -2E6an k4ubou t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn a3i pleura6i d4ixa tmhq5wsin, di6a d6e t5wn tom5wn 2ep4ipeda 2ekblhq5hj, 3h koin6h tom6h t5wn 2epip4edwn ka6i 3h to5u k4ubou di4ametro@ d4ixa t4emnousin 2all4hla@. -K4ubou g6ar to5u AZ t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn t5wn GZ, AQ a3i pleura6i d4ixa tetm4hsqwsan kat6a t6a K, L, M, N, C, P, O, R shme5ia, di6a d6e t5wn tom5wn 2ep4ipeda 2ekbebl4hsqw ^+^ t6a KN CR, koin6h d6e tom6h t5wn 2epip4edwn 24estw 3h US, to5u d6e AZ k4ubou diag4wnio@ 3h DH. l4egw, 34oti 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en UT t5hj TS, 3h d6e DT t5hj TH. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i DU, UE, BS, SH. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h DC t5hj OE, a3i 2enall6ac gwn4iai a3i 3up6o DCU, UOE 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en DC t5hj OE, 3h d6e CU t5hj UO, ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h DU t5hj UE 2estin 24ish, ka6i t6o DCU tr4igwnon t5wj OUE trig4wnwj 2est6in 24ison ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@ 24isai: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o CUD gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o OUE gwn4iaj. di6a d6h to5uto e2uqe5i4a 2estin 3h DUE. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h BSH e2uqe5i4a 2estin, ka6i 24ish 3h BS t5hj SH. ka6i 2epe6i 3h GA t5hj DB 24ish 2est6i ka6i par4allhlo@, 2all6a 3h GA ka6i t5hj EH 24ish t4e 2esti ka6i par4allhlo@, ka6i 3h DB 24ara t5hj EH 24ish t4e 2esti ka6i par4allhlo@. ka6i 2epizeugn4uousin a2ut6a@ e2uqe5iai a3i DE, BH: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h DE t5hj BH. 24ish 24ara 3h m6en 3up6o EDT gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o BHT: ^+^ 2enall6ac g4ar: 3h d6e 3up6o DTU t5hj 3up6o HTS. d4uo d6h tr4igwn4a 2esti t6a DTU, HTS t6a@ d4uo gwn4ia@ ta5i@ dus6i gwn4iai@ 24isa@ 24exonta ka6i m4ian pleur6an mi5aj pleur5aj 24ishn t6hn 3upote4inousan 3up6o m4ian t5wn 24iswn gwni5wn t6hn DU t5hj HS: 3hm4iseiai g4ar e2isi t5wn DE, BH: ka6i t6a@ loip6a@ pleur6a@ ta5i@ loipa5i@ pleura5i@ 24isa@ 34ecei. 24ish 24ara 3h m6en DT t5hj TH, 3h d6e UT t5hj TS. -2E6an 24ara k4ubou t5wn 2apenant4ion 2epip4edwn a3i pleura6i d4ixa tmhq5wsin, di6a d6e t5wn tom5wn 2ep4ipeda 2ekblhq5hj, 3h koin6h tom6h t5wn 2epip4edwn ka6i 3h to5u k4ubou di4ametro@ d4ixa t4emnousin 2all4hla@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##39##-------lq41 -2E6an 25hj d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h, ka6i t6o m6en 24exhj b4asin ^-^ parallhl4ogrammon, t6o d6e tr4igwnon, dipl4asion d6e 25hj t6o parallhl4ogrammon to5u trig4wnou, 24isa 24estai t6a pr4ismata. -24Estw d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h t6a ABGDEZ, HQKLMN, ka6i t6o m6en 2ex4etw b4asin t6o AZ parallhl4ogrammon, t6o d6e t6o HQK tr4igwnon, dipl4asion d6e 24estw t6o AZ parallhl4ogrammon to5u HQK trig4wnou: l4egw, 34oti 24ison 2est6i t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma t5wj HQKLMN pr4ismati. -Sumpeplhr4wsqw g6ar t6a AC, HO stere4a. 2epe6i dipl4asi4on 2esti t6o AZ parallhl4ogrammon to5u HQK trig4wnou, 24esti d6e ka6i t6o QK parallhl4ogrammon dipl4asion to5u HQK trig4wnou, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o AZ parallhl4ogrammon t5wj QK parallhlogr4ammwj. t6a d6e 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda ka6i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o AC stere6on t5wj HO stere5wj. ka4i 2esti to5u m6en AC stereo5u 34hmisu t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma, to5u d6e HO stereo5u 34hmisu t6o HQKLMN pr4isma: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma t5wj HQKLMN pr4ismati. ^+^ -2E6an 24ara 25hj d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h, ka6i t6o m6en 24exhj b4asin parallhl4ogrammon, t6o d6e tr4igwnon, dipl4asion d6e 25hj t6o parallhl4ogrammon to5u trig4wnou, 24isa 2est6i t6a pr4ismata: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ####*XII####-^V4^-^P78^-^L2^-----<00> ###PROP###-----<00> ##1##-------a41 -T6a 2en to5i@ k4ukloi@ 34omoia pol4ugwna pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn diam4etrwn tetr4agwna. -24Estwsan k4ukloi o3i ABG, ZHQ, ka6i 2en a2uto5i@ 34omoia pol4ugwna 24estw t6a ABGDE, ZHQKL, di4ametroi d6e t5wn k4uklwn 24estwsan a3i BM, HN: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BM tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HN tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o ZHQKL pol4ugwnon. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i BE, AM, HL, ZN. ka6i 2epe6i 34omoion t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon t5wj ZHQKL polug4wnwj, ^+^ 24ish 2est6i ka6i 3h 3up6o BAE gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o HZL, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AE, o34utw@ 3h HZ pr6o@ t6hn ZL. d4uo d6h tr4igwn4a 2esti t6a BAE, HZL m4ian gwn4ian mi5aj gwn4iaj 24ishn 24exonta t6hn 3up6o BAE t5hj 3up6o HZL, per6i d6e t6a@ 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ pleur6a@ 2an4alogon: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABE tr4igwnon t5wj ZHL trig4wnwj. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o AEB gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o ZLH. 2all' 3h m6en 3up6o AEB t5hj 3up6o AMB 2estin 24ish: 2ep6i g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ perifere4ia@ beb4hkasin: 3h d6e 3up6o ZLH t5hj 3up6o ZNH: ka6i 3h 3up6o AMB 24ara t5hj 3up6o ZNH 2estin 24ish. 24esti d6e ka6i 2orq6h 3h 3up6o BAM 2orq5hj t5hj 3up6o HZN 24ish: ka6i 3h loip6h 24ara t5hj loip5hj 2estin 24ish. 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABM tr4igwnon t5wj ZHN trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h BM pr6o@ t6hn HN, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn HZ. 2all6a to5u m6en t5h@ BM pr6o@ t6hn HN l4ogou diplas4iwn 2est6in 3o to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BM tetrag4wnou pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HN tetr4agwnon, to5u d6e t5h@ BA pr6o@ t6hn HZ diplas4iwn 2est6in 3o to5u ABGDE polug4wnou pr6o@ t6o ZHQKL pol4ugwnon: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BM tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HN tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ABGDE pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o ZHQKL pol4ugwnon. -T6a 24ara 2en to5i@ k4ukloi@ 34omoia pol4ugwna pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn diam4etrwn tetr4agwna: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##2##-------b41 -O3i k4ukloi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn diam4etrwn tetr4agwna. -24Estwsan k4ukloi o3i ABGD, EZHQ, di4ametroi d6e a2ut5wn <2<24estwsan>2> a3i BD, ZQ: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon. -E2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, 24estai 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 24estw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o S. ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o ^+^ EZHQ: t6o d6h 2eggegramm4enon tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u EZHQ k4uklou, 2epeid4hper 2e6an di6a t5wn E, Z, H, Q shme4iwn 2efaptom4ena@ <22> to5u k4uklou 2ag4agwmen, to5u perigrafom4enou per6i t6on k4uklon tetrag4wnou 34hmis4u 2esti t6o EZHQ tetr4agwnon, to5u d6e perigraf4ento@ tetrag4wnou 2el4attwn 2est6in 3o k4uklo@: 34wste t6o EZHQ 2eggegramm4enon tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2esti to5u 3hm4isew@ to5u EZHQ k4uklou. tetm4hsqwsan d4ixa a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QE perif4ereiai kat6a t6a K, L, M, N shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EK, KZ, ZL, LH, HM, MQ, QN, NE: ka6i 34ekaston 24ara t5wn EKZ, ZLH, HMQ, QNE trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4uklou, 2epeid4hper 2e6an di6a t5wn K, L, M, N shme4iwn 2efaptom4ena@ to5u k4uklou 2ag4agwmen ka6i 2anaplhr4wswmen t6a 2ep6i t5wn EZ, ZH, HQ, QE e2uqei5wn parallhl4ogramma, 34ekaston t5wn EKZ, ZLH, HMQ, QNE trig4wnwn 34hmisu 24estai to5u kaq' 3eaut6o parallhlogr4ammou, 2all6a t6o kaq' 3eaut6o tm5hma 24elatt4on 2esti to5u parallhlogr4ammou: 34wste 34ekaston t5wn EKZ, ZLH, HMQ, QNE trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2esti to5u 3hm4isew@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4uklou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ perifere4ia@ d4ixa ka6i 2epizeugn4unte@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina 2apotm4hmata to5u k4uklou, 36a 24estai 2el4assona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ to5u ^+^ S xwr4iou. 2ede4ixqh g6ar 2en t5wj pr4wtwj qewr4hmati to5u dek4atou bibl4iou, 34oti d4uo megeq5wn 2an4iswn 2ekkeim4enwn, 2e6an 2ap6o to5u me4izono@ 2afaireq5hj me5izon 26h t6o 34hmisu ka6i to5u kataleipom4enou me5izon 26h t6o 34hmisu, ka6i to5uto 2ae6i g4ignhtai, leifq4hseta4i ti m4egeqo@, 36o 24estai 24elasson to5u 2ekkeim4enou 2el4assono@ meg4eqou@. lele4ifqw o25un, ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn EK, KZ, ZL, LH, HM, MQ, QN, NE tm4hmata to5u EZHQ k4uklou 2el4attona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ to5u S xwr4iou. loip6on 24ara t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon me5iz4on 2esti to5u S xwr4iou. 2eggegr4afqw ka6i e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj EKZLHMQN polug4wnwj 34omoion pol4ugwnon t6o ACBOGPDR: 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon, o34utw@ t6o ACBOGPDR pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon. 2all6a ka6i 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o S xwr4ion: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o S xwr4ion, o34utw@ t6o ACBOGPDR pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon: 2enall6ac 24ara 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o 2en a2ut5wj pol4ugwnon, o34utw@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6o EKZLHMQN pol4ugwnon. me4izwn d6e 3o ABGD k4uklo@ to5u 2en a2ut5wj polug4wnou: me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o S xwr4ion to5u EKZLHMQN polug4wnou. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD ^+^ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 3w@ t6o 2ap6o ZQ pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o BD, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion. -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ me5izon t6o S. 2an4apalin 24ara <2<2est6in>2> 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB, o34utw@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon. 2all' 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion: 34oper 2ad4unaton 2ede4ixqh. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQ k4uklou xwr4ion. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elasson: 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD tetr4agwnon pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZQ, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon. -O3i 24ara k4ukloi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ t6a 2ap6o t5wn ^-^ diam4etrwn tetr4agwna: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2^1^L^2##-----L5hmma -L4egw d4h, 34oti to5u S xwr4iou me4izono@ 24onto@ to5u EZHQ k4uklou 2est6in 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, ^+^ o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion. -Gegon4etw g6ar 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o T xwr4ion. l4egw, 34oti 24elatt4on 2esti t6o T xwr4ion to5u ABGD k4uklou. 2epe6i g4ar 2estin 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o T xwr4ion, 2enall4ac 2estin 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6o T xwr4ion. me5izon d6e t6o S xwr4ion to5u EZHQ k4uklou: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3o ABGD k4uklo@ to5u T xwr4iou. 34wste 2est6in 3w@ t6o S xwr4ion pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGD k4uklou xwr4ion: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##3##-------g41 -P5asa puram6i@ tr4igwnon 24exousa b4asin diaire5itai e2i@ d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ te ka6i 3omo4ia@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i <2<3omo4ia@>2> t5hj 34olhj trig4wnou@ 2exo4usa@ b4asei@ ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa: ka6i t6a d4uo pr4ismata me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@. -24Estw puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion: l4egw, 34oti 3h ABGD puram6i@ diaire5itai e2i@ d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ ^+^ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa: ka6i t6a d4uo pr4ismata me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@. -Tetm4hsqwsan g6ar a3i AB, BG, GA, AD, DB, DG d4ixa kat6a t6a E, Z, H, Q, K, L shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i QE, EH, HQ, QK, KL, LQ, KZ, ZH. 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AE t5hj EB, 3h d6e AQ t5hj DQ, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h EQ t5hj DB. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h QK t5hj AB par4allhl4o@ 2estin. parallhl4ogrammon 24ara 2est6i t6o QE BK: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h QK t5hj EB. 2all6a 3h EB t5hj EA 2estin 24ish: ka6i 3h AE 24ara t5hj QK 2estin 24ish. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h AQ t5hj QD 24ish: d4uo d6h a3i EA, AQ dus6i ta5i@ KQ, QD 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj: ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ELQ gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o KQD 24ish: b4asi@ 24ara 3h EQ b4asei t5hj KD 2estin 24ish. 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoi4on 2esti t6o AEQ tr4igwnon t5wj QKD trig4wnwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o AQH tr4igwnon t5wj QLD trig4wnwj 24ison t4e 2esti ka6i 34omoion. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn a3i EQ, QH par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn t6a@ KD, DL e2isin o2uk 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj o25usai, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4ecousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o EQH gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o KDL gwn4iaj. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai a3i EQ, QH dus6i ta5i@ KD, DL 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o EQH gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o KDL 2estin 24ish, b4asi@ 24ara 3h ^+^ EH b4asei t5hj KL <2<2estin>2> 24ish: 24ison 24ara ka6i 34omoi4on 2esti t6o EQH tr4igwnon t5wj KDL trig4wnwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o AEH tr4igwnon t5wj QKL trig4wnwj 24ison te ka6i 34omoi4on 2estin. 3h 24ara puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion, 24ish ka6i 3omo4ia 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o QKL tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. ka6i 2epe6i trig4wnou to5u ADB par6a m4ian t5wn pleur5wn t6hn AB 25hktai 3h QK, 2isog4wni4on 2esti t6o ADB tr4igwnon t5wj DQK trig4wnwj, ka6i t6a@ pleur6a@ 2an4alogon 24exousin: 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o ADB tr4igwnon t5wj DQK trig4wnwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o m6en DBG tr4igwnon t5wj DKL trig4wnwj 34omoi4on 2estin, t6o d6e ADG t5wj DLQ. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai 3apt4omenai 2all4hlwn a3i BA, AG par6a d4uo e2uqe4ia@ 3aptom4ena@ 2all4hlwn t6a@ KQ, QL e2isin o2uk 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj, 24isa@ gwn4ia@ peri4ecousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o BAG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o KQL. ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h KQ pr6o@ t6hn QL: 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABG tr4igwnon t5wj QKL trig4wnwj. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, 3omo4ia 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o QKL tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. 2all6a puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en <2<2esti>2> t6o QKL tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, ^+^ 3omo4ia 2ede4ixqh puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion <2<34wste ka6i puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, 34omo4ia 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion>2>. 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn AEHQ, QKLD puram4idwn 3omo4ia 2est6i t5hj 34olhj t5hj ABGD puram4idi. . . .Ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h BZ t5hj ZG, dipl4asi4on 2esti t6o EBZH parallhl4ogrammon to5u HZG trig4wnou. ka6i 2epe4i, 2e6an 25hj d4uo pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h, ka6i t6o m6en 24exhj b4asin parallhl4ogrammon, t6o d6e tr4igwnon, dipl4asion d6e 25hj t6o parallhl4ogrammon to5u trig4wnou, 24isa 2est6i t6a pr4ismata, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o pr4isma t6o periex4omenon 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn BKZ, EQH, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn EBZH, EBKQ, QKZH t5wj pr4ismati t5wj periexom4enwj 3up6o d4uo m6en trig4wnwn t5wn HZG, QKL, tri5wn d6e parallhlogr4ammwn t5wn KZGL, LGHQ, QKZH. ka6i faner4on, 34oti 3ek4ateron t5wn prism4atwn, o35u te b4asi@ t6o EBZH parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h QK e2uqe5ia, ka6i o35u b4asi@ t6o HZG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o QKL tr4igwnon, me5iz4on 2estin 3ekat4era@ t5wn puram4idwn, 35wn b4asei@ m6en t6a AEH, QKL tr4igwna, korufa6i d6e t6a Q, D shme5ia, ^+^ 2epeid4hper <22> 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6a@ EZ, EK e2uqe4ia@, t6o m6en pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ t6o EBZH parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h QK e2uqe5ia, me5iz4on 2esti t5h@ puram4ido@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o EBZ tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o K shme5ion. 2all' 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o EBZ tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o K shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion: 3up6o g6ar 24iswn ka6i 3omo4iwn 2epip4edwn peri4exontai. 34wste ka6i t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o EBZH parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h QK e2uqe5ia, me5iz4on 2esti puram4ido@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion. 24ison d6e t6o m6en pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ t6o EBZH parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h QK e2uqe5ia, t5wj pr4ismati, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o HZG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o QKL tr4igwnon: 3h d6e puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o AEH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o Q shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o QKL tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. t6a 24ara e2irhm4ena d4uo pr4ismata me4izon4a 2esti t5wn e2irhm4enwn d4uo puram4idwn, 35wn b4asei@ m6en t6a AEH, QKL tr4igwna, korufa6i d6e t6a Q, D shme5ia. -3H 24ara 34olh puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, di4hjrhtai e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ <22> ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa, ka6i t6a d4uo pr4ismata me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##4##-------d41 -2E6an 25wsi d4uo puram4ide@ 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@, diaireq5hj d6e 3ekat4era a2ut5wn e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo ^+^ pr4ismata 24isa, 24estai 3w@ 3h t5h@ mi5a@ puram4ido@ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn t5h@ 3et4era@ puram4ido@ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj mi5aj puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj 3et4eraj puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h. -24Estwsan d4uo puram4ide@ 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ t6a@ ABG, DEZ, koruf6a@ d6e t6a H, Q shme5ia, ka6i dihjr4hsqw 3ekat4era a2ut5wn e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata 2isoplhq5h. -2Epe6i g6ar 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en BC t5hj CG, 3h d6e AL t5hj AG, ^+^ par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h LC t5hj AB ka6i 34omoion t6o ABG tr4igwnon t5wj LCG trig4wnwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o DEZ tr4igwnon t5wj RFZ trig4wnwj 34omoi4on 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i diplas4iwn 2est6in 3h m6en BG t5h@ GC, 3h d6e EZ t5h@ ZF, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn GC, o34utw@ 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn ZF. ka6i 2anag4egraptai 2ap6o m6en t5wn BG, GC 34omoi4a te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imena e2uq4ugramma t6a ABG, LCG, 2ap6o d6e t5wn EZ, ZF 34omoi4a te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imena <22> t6a DEZ, RFZ. 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o LCG tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o DEZ tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o RFZ tr4igwnon: 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o DEZ <22>, o34utw@ t6o LCG <22> pr6o@ t6o RFZ tr4igwnon. 2all' 3w@ t6o LCG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o RFZ tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m4en <2<2esti>2> t6o LCG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o OMN, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o RFZ tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o STU: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o DEZ tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o LCG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o OMN, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o RFZ tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o STU. $-^P194^-^L0^ <3<####*BVq####-----<00> ###12AP### ##4## <00> -Ka6i 2epe6i t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata 24isa 2est6in 2all4hloi@, 2all6a m6hn ka6i t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata 24isa 2all4hloi@ 2est4in, 24estin 24ara 3w@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ t6o BKLC parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h MO e2uqe5ia, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o LCG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o OMN, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ t6o PERF, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h ST, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o PFZ tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o STU. sunq4enti 2est6in 24ara 3w@ t6a KBCLMO, LCGMNO pr4ismata pr6o@ t6o LCGMNO pr4isma, o34utw@ t6a PEFRST, PFZSTU pr4ismata pr6o@ t6o PFZSTU pr4isma. 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ t6a KBCLMO, LCGMNO pr6o@ t6a PEFRST, RFZSTU pr4ismata, o34utw@ t6o LCGMNO pr4isma pr6o@ t6o RFZSTU pr4isma. 3w@ d6e t6o LCGMNO pr4isma pr6o@ t6o RFZSTU pr4isma, o34utw@ 2ede4ixqh 3h LCG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn RFZ, ka6i 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin. ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o DEZ tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata. 3omo4iw@ d6e k26an t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ puram4ida@ di4elwmen t6on a2ut6on tr4opon o35ion 3w@ t6a@ MNOH, STUQ, 24estai 3w@ 3h MNO b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn STU b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj MNOH puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj STUQ puram4idi d4uo ^+^ pr4ismata. 2all' 3w@ 3h MNO b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn STU b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ ka6i t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata, ka6i t6a 2en t5hj MNOH d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj STUQ puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata, ka6i t6a t4essara pr6o@ t6a t4essara. t6a a2ut6a d6e deixq4hsetai ka6i 2ep6i t5wn genom4enwn prism4atwn 2ek t5h@ diair4esew@ t5wn AKLO ka6i DPRS puram4idwn ka6i p4antwn 3apl5w@ t5wn 2isoplhq5wn: 34oper 24edei de5icai.>3> $-^P90^-^L20^ ####*XII#### ###PROP### -##4##-3w@ d6e t6a e2irhm4ena pr4ismata pr6o@ 24allhla, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o KBCL parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h OM e2uqe5ia, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o PEFR parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h ST e2uqe5ia. ka6i t6a d4uo 24ara ^+^ pr4ismata, o35u te b4asi@ m6en t6o KBCL parallhl4ogrammon, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h OM, ka6i o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o LCG, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o OMN, pr6o@ t6a pr4ismata, o35u te b4asi@ m6en t6o PEFR, 2apenant4ion d6e 3h ST e2uqe5ia, ka6i o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o RFZ tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o STU. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a e2irhm4ena d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a e2irhm4ena d4uo pr4ismata. -Ka6i 3omo4iw@, 2e6an diaireq5wsin a3i OMNH, STUQ puram4ide@ e24i@ te d4uo pr4ismata ka6i d4uo puram4ida@, 24estai 3w@ 3h OMN b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn STU b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj OM NH puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj STUQ puram4idi d4uo pr4ismata. 2all' 3w@ 3h OMN b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn STU b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin: 24ison g6ar 3ek4ateron t5wn OMN, STU trig4wnwn 3ekat4erwj t5wn LCG, RFZ. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a t4essara pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a t4essara pr4ismata. 3omo4iw@ d6e k26an t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ puram4ida@ di4elwmen e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata, 24estai 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj AB GH puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata p4anta 2isoplhq5h: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##4^1^L^2##-----L5hmma -34Oti d4e 2estin 3w@ t6o LCG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o RFZ tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ t6o LCG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o OMN, pr6o@ t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o RFZ <22>, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o STU, o34utw deikt4eon. -2Ep6i g6ar t5h@ a2ut5h@ katagraf5h@ neno4hsqwsan 2ap6o t5wn H, Q k4aqetoi 2ep6i t6a ABG, DEZ 2ep4ipeda, 24isai dhlad6h ^+^ tugx4anousai di6a t6o 2iso7uye5i@ 3upoke5isqai t6a@ puram4ida@. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai 34h te HG ka6i 3h 2ap6o to5u H k4aqeto@ 3up6o parall4hlwn 2epip4edwn t5wn ABG, OMN t4emnontai, e2i@ to6u@ a2uto6u@ l4ogou@ tmhq4hsontai. ka6i t4etmhtai 3h HG d4ixa 3up6o to5u OMN 2epip4edou kat6a t6o N: ka6i 3h 2ap6o to5u H 24ara k4aqeto@ 2ep6i t6o ABG 2ep4ipedon d4ixa tmhq4hsetai 3up6o to5u OMN 2epip4edou. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 2ap6o to5u Q k4aqeto@ 2ep6i t6o DEZ 2ep4ipedon d4ixa tmhq4hsetai 3up6o to5u STU 2epip4edou. ka4i e2isin 24isai a3i 2ap6o t5wn H, Q k4aqetoi 2ep6i t6a ABG, DEZ 2ep4ipeda: 24isai 24ara ka6i a3i 2ap6o t5wn OMN, STU trig4wnwn 2ep6i t6a ABG, DEZ k4aqetoi. 2iso7uy5h 24ara <2<2est6i>2> t6a pr4ismata, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isi t6a LCG, RFZ tr4igwna, 2apenant4ion d6e t6a OMN, STU. 34wste ka6i t6a stere6a parallhlep4ipeda t6a 2ap6o t5wn e2irhm4enwn prism4atwn 2anagraf4omena 2iso7uy5h ka6i pr6o@ 24allhl4a <22> 3w@ a3i b4asei@: ka6i t6a 3hm4ish 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h LCG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn RFZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a e2irhm4ena pr4ismata pr6o@ 24allhla: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##5##-------e41 -A3i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ o25usai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. -24Estwsan 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ puram4ide@, 35wn b4asei@ m6en t6a ABG, DEZ tr4igwna, korufa6i d6e t6a H, Q shme5ia: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida. ^+^ -E2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida, 24estai 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elass4on ti t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ stere6on 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 24estw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o X, ka6i dihjr4hsqw 3h DEZQ puram6i@ e24i@ te d4uo puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ ka6i 3omo4ia@ t5hj 34olhj ka6i e2i@ d4uo pr4ismata 24isa: t6a d6h d4uo pr4ismata me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu t5h@ 34olh@ puram4ido@. ka6i p4alin a3i 2ek t5h@ diair4esew@ gin4omenai puram4ide@ 3omo4iw@ dihjr4hsqwsan, ka6i to5uto 2ae6i gin4esqw, 34ew@ o35u leifq5ws4i tine@ puram4ide@ 2ap6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@, a34i e2isin 2el4attone@ t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3h DE ZQ puram6i@ to5u X stereo5u. lele4ifqwsan ka6i 24estwsan l4ogou 34eneken a3i DPRS, STUQ: loip6a 24ara t6a 2en t5hj DE ZQ puram4idi pr4ismata me4izon4a 2esti to5u X stereo5u. dihjr4hsqw ^+^ ka6i 3h ABGH puram6i@ 3omo4iw@ ka6i 2isoplhq5w@ t5hj DEZQ puram4idi: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata. 2all6a ka6i 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6o X stere4on: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6o X stere4on, o34utw@ t6a 2en t5hj ABGH puram4idi pr4ismata pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata: 2enall6ac 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6a 2en a2ut5hj pr4ismata, o34utw@ t6o X stere6on pr6o@ t6a 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi pr4ismata. me4izwn d6e 3h ABGH puram6i@ t5wn 2en a2ut5hj prism4atwn: me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o X stere6on t5wn 2en t5hj DEZQ puram4idi prism4atwn. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ stere4on. 3omo4iw@ d6h deixq4hsetai, 34oti o2ud6e 3w@ 3h DEZ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ABG b4asin, o34utw@ 3h DEZQ puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ stere4on. -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2uk 24estin o2ud6e 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ stere4on. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ me5izon t6o X: 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h DEZ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ABG b4asin, o34utw@ t6o X stere6on pr6o@ t6hn ABGH puram4ida. 3w@ d6e t6o X stere6on pr6o@ t6hn ABGH puram4ida, o34utw@ 3h DEZQ puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@, 3w@ 24emprosqen 2ede4ixqh: ^+^ ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h DEZ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ABG b4asin, o34utw@ 3h DEZQ puram6i@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@: 34oper 24atopon 2ede4ixqh. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ stere4on. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elasson. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##6##-------@t41 -A3i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ o25usai puram4ide@ ka6i polug4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. -24Estwsan 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ puram4ide@, 35wn <22> b4asei@ m6en t6a ABGDE, ZHQKL pol4ugwna, korufa6i d6e t6a M, N shme5ia: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h ABGDE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKL b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGDEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKLN puram4ida. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i AG, AD, ZQ, ZK. 2epe6i o25un d4uo puram4ide@ e2is6in a3i ABGM, AGDM trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison, pr6o@ 2all4hla@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn AGD b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn AGDM puram4ida. ka6i sunq4enti 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn AGD b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ^+^ ABGDM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn AGDM puram4ida. 2all6a ka6i 3w@ 3h AGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ADE b4asin, o34utw@ 3h AGDM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ADEM puram4ida. di' 24isou 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ADE b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGDM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ADEM puram4ida. ka6i sunq4enti p4alin, 3w@ 3h ABGDE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ADE b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGDEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ADEM puram4ida. 3omo4iw@ d6h deixq4hsetai, 34oti ka6i 3w@ 3h ZHQKL b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ ka6i 3h ZHQKLN puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQN puram4ida. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo puram4ide@ e2is6in a3i ADEM, ZHQN trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ADE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ADEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQN puram4ida. 2all' 3w@ ^+^ 3h ADE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ABGDE b4asin, o34utw@ 25hn 3h ADEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ABGDEM puram4ida. ka6i di' 24isou 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGDE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGDEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQN puram4ida. 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3w@ 3h ZHQ b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKL b4asin, o34utw@ 25hn ka6i 3h ZHQN puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKLN puram4ida. ka6i di' 24isou 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGDE b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKL b4asin, o34utw@ 3h ABGDEM puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZHQKLN puram4ida: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##7##-------z41 -P5an pr4isma tr4igwnon 24exon b4asin diaire5itai e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@. -24Estw pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o ABG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o DEZ: l4egw, 34oti t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma diaire5itai e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ 2exo4usa@ b4asei@. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i BD, EG, GD. 2epe6i parallhl4ogramm4on 2esti t6o ABED, di4ametro@ d6e a2uto5u 2estin 3h BD, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o ABD tr4igwnon t5wj EBD trig4wnwj: ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o DEB tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion. 2all6a 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o DEB tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G ^+^ shme5ion, 3h a2ut4h 2esti puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EBG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion: 3up6o g6ar t5wn a2ut5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exetai. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EBG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. p4alin, 2epe6i parallhl4ogramm4on 2esti t6o ZGBE, di4ametro@ d6e 2estin a2uto5u 3h GE, 24ison 2est6i t6o GEZ tr4igwnon t5wj GBE trig4wnwj. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o BGE tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EGZ tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion. 3h d6e puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o BGE tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, 24ish 2ede4ixqh puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion: ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o GEZ tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, 24ish 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en <2<2esti>2> t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion: di4hjrhtai 24ara t6o ABGDEZ pr4isma e2i@ tre5i@ puram4ida@ 24isa@ 2all4hlai@ trig4wnou@ 2exo4usa@ b4asei@. -Ka6i 2epe6i puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion, 3h a2ut4h 2esti puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o GAB tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion: 3up6o g6ar t5wn a2ut5wn 2epip4edwn peri4exontai: 3h d6e puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ABD tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o G shme5ion, tr4iton 2ede4ixqh ^+^ to5u pr4ismato@, o35u b4asi@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o DEZ, ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o D shme5ion, tr4iton 2est6i to5u pr4ismato@ to5u 24exonto@ b4asin t6hn a2ut6hn t6o ABG tr4igwnon, 2apenant4ion d6e t6o DEZ. ##4^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner4on, 34oti p5asa puram6i@ tr4iton m4ero@ 2est6i to5u pr4ismato@ to5u t6hn a2ut6hn b4asin 24exonto@ a2ut5hj ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison <2<2epeid4hper k26an 34eter4on ti sx5hma e2uq4ugrammon 24exhj 3h b4asi@ to5u pr4ismato@, toio5uto ka6i t6o 2apenant4ion, ka6i diaire5itai e2i@ pr4ismata tr4igwna 24exonta t6a@ b4asei@ ka6i t6a 2apenant4ion, ka6i 3w@ 3h 34olh b4asi@ pr6o@ 34ekaston>2>: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##8##-------h41 A3i 34omoiai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. ^+^ 24Estwsan 34omoiai ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenai puram4ide@, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isi t6a ABG, DEZ tr4igwna, korufa6i d6e t6a H, Q shme5ia: l4egw, 34oti 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. Sumpeplhr4wsqw g6ar t6a BHML, EQPO stere6a parallhlep4ipeda. ka6i 2epe6i 3omo4ia 2est6in 3h ABGH puram6i@ t5hj DEZQ puram4idi, 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h m6en 3up6o ABG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o DEZ gwn4iaj, 3h d6e 3up6o HBG t5hj 3up6o QEZ, 3h d6e 3up6o ABH t5hj 3up6o DEQ, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn DE, o34utw@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ, ka6i 3h BH pr6o@ t6hn EQ. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn DE, o34utw@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BM parallhl4ogrammon t5wj EP parallhlogr4ammwj. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i t6o m6en BN t5wj ER 34omoi4on 2esti, t6o d6e BK t5wj EC: t6a tr4ia 24ara t6a MB, BK, BN tris6i to5i@ EP, EC, ER 34omoi4a 2estin. 2all6a t6a m6en tr4ia t6a MB, BK, BN tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa te ka6i 34omoi4a 2estin, t6a d6e tr4ia t6a EP, EC, ER tris6i to5i@ 2apenant4ion 24isa te ka6i 34omoi4a 2estin. t6a BHML, EQPO 24ara stere6a 3up6o 3omo4iwn 2epip4edwn 24iswn t6o pl5hqo@ peri4exetai. 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BHML stere6on t5wj EQPO stere5wj. t6a d6e 34omoia stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj 2est6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. t6o BHML 24ara stere6on pr6o@ t6o EQPO stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h 3om4ologo@ pleur6a 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn 3om4ologon pleur6an t6hn EZ. 3w@ d6e ^+^ t6o BHML stere6on pr6o@ t6o EQPO stere4on, o34utw@ 3h ABGH puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida, 2epeid4hper 3h puram6i@ 34ekton m4ero@ 2est6i to5u stereo5u di6a t6o ka6i t6o pr4isma 34hmisu 26on to5u stereo5u parallhlepip4edou tripl4asion e25inai t5h@ puram4ido@. ka6i 3h ABGH 24ara puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZQ puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##8^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner4on, 34oti ka6i a3i polug4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ 34omoiai puram4ide@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. diaireqeis5wn g6ar a2ut5wn e2i@ t6a@ 2en a2uta5i@ puram4ida@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@ t5wj ka6i t6a 34omoia pol4ugwna t5wn b4asewn e2i@ 34omoia tr4igwna diaire5isqai ka6i 24isa t5wj pl4hqei ka6i 3om4ologa to5i@ 34oloi@ 24estai 3w@ <2<3h>2> 2en t5hj 3et4eraj m4ia puram6i@ tr4igwnon 24exousa b4asin pr6o@ t6hn 2en t5hj 3et4eraj m4ian puram4ida tr4igwnon 24exousan b4asin, o34utw@ ka6i 34apasai a3i 2en t5hj 3et4eraj puram4idi puram4ide@ trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ pr6o@ t6a@ 2en t5hj 3et4eraj puram4idi puram4ida@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exo4usa@, tout4estin a2ut6h 3h pol4ugwnon b4asin 24exousa puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn pol4ugwnon b4asin 24exousan puram4ida. 3h d6e tr4igwnon b4asin 24exousa puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn tr4igwnon b4asin 24exousan 2en triplas4ioni ^+^ l4ogwj 2est6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn: ka6i 3h pol4ugwnon 24ara b4asin 24exousa pr6o@ t6hn 3omo4ian b4asin 24exousan triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h pleur6a pr6o@ t6hn pleur4an. ##9##-------q41 -T5wn 24iswn puram4idwn ka6i trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: ka6i 35wn puram4idwn trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isai e2is6in 2eke5inai. -24Estwsan g6ar 24isai puram4ide@ trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 24exousai t6a@ ABG, DEZ, koruf6a@ d6e t6a H, Q shme5ia: l4egw, 34oti t5wn ABGH, DEZQ puram4idwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ LBGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@. Sumpeplhr4wsqw g6ar t6a BHML, EQPO stere6a parallhlep4ipeda. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h ABGH puram6i@ t5hj DEZQ puram4idi, ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en ABGH puram4ido@ 3ecapl4asion t6o BHML stere4on, t5h@ d6e DEZQ puram4ido@ 3ecapl4asion t6o EQPO stere4on, 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BHML stere6on t5wj EQPO stere5wj. t5wn d6e 24iswn stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i ^+^ b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u EQPO stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BHML stereo5u 34uyo@. 2all' 3w@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EP, o34utw@ t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o DEZ tr4igwnon. ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o ABG tr4igwnon pr6o@ t6o DEZ tr4igwnon, o34utw@ t6o to5u EQPO stereo5u 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BHML stereo5u 34uyo@. 2all6a t6o m6en to5u EQPO stereo5u 34uyo@ t6o a2ut4o 2esti t5wj t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyei, t6o d6e to5u BHML stereo5u 34uyo@ t6o a2ut4o 2esti t5wj t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyei: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@. t5wn ABGH, DEZQ 24ara puram4idwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -2All6a d6h t5wn ABGH, DEZQ puram4idwn 2antipeponq4etwsan a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@: l4egw, 34oti 24ish 2est6in 3h ABGH puram6i@ t5hj DEZQ puram4idi. -T5wn g6ar a2ut5wn kataskeuasq4entwn, 2epe4i 2estin ^-^ 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@, 2all' 3w@ 3h ABG b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn DEZ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o BM parallhl4ogrammon pr6o@ t6o EP parallhl4ogrammon, ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o BM parallhl4ogrammon pr6o@ t6o EP parallhl4ogrammon, o34utw@ t6o t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@. 2all6a t6o <22> t5h@ DEZQ puram4ido@ 34uyo@ t6o a2ut4o 2esti t5wj to5u EQPO parallhlepip4edou 34uyei, t6o d6e t5h@ ABGH puram4ido@ 34uyo@ t6o a2ut4o ^+^ 2esti t5wj to5u BHML parallhlepip4edou 34uyei: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BM b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EP b4asin, o34utw@ t6o to5u EQPO parallhlepip4edou 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o to5u BHML parallhlepip4edou 34uyo@. 35wn d6e stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isa 2est6in 2eke5ina: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o BHML stere6on parallhlep4ipedon t5wj EQPO stere5wj parallhlepip4edwj. ka4i 2esti to5u m6en BHML 34ekton m4ero@ 3h ABGH puram4i@, to5u d6e EQPO parallhlepip4edou 34ekton m4ero@ 3h DEZQ puram4i@: 24ish 24ara 3h ABGH puram6i@ t5hj DEZQ puram4idi. -T5wn 24ara 24iswn puram4idwn ka6i trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: ka6i 35wn puram4idwn trig4wnou@ b4asei@ 2exous5wn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isai e2is6in 2eke5inai: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##10##-----i41 -P5a@ k5wno@ kul4indrou tr4iton m4ero@ 2est6i to5u t6hn a2ut6hn b4asin 24exonto@ a2ut5wj ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison. -2Ex4etw g6ar k5wno@ kul4indrwj b4asin te t6hn a2ut6hn t6on ABGD k4uklon ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison: l4egw, 34oti 3o k5wno@ to5u kul4indrou tr4iton 2est6i m4ero@, tout4estin 34oti 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou triplas4iwn 2est4in. -E2i g6ar m4h 2estin 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou triplas4iwn, 24estai 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou 24htoi me4izwn 26h triplas4iwn ^+^ 26h 2el4asswn 26h triplas4iwn. 24estw pr4oteron me4izwn 26h triplas4iwn, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o ABGD: t6o d6h ABGD tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u ABGD k4uklou. ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou pr4isma 2iso7uy6e@ t5wj kul4indrwj. t6o d6h 2anist4amenon pr4isma me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kul4indrou, 2epeid4hper k26an per6i t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon perigr4aywmen, t6o 2eggegramm4enon e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon 34hmis4u 2esti to5u perigegramm4enou: ka4i 2esti t6a 2ap' a2ut5wn 2anist4amena stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h: t6a d6e 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onta stere6a parallhlep4ipeda pr6o@ 24allhl4a 2estin 3w@ a3i b4asei@: ka6i t6o 2ep6i to5u ABGD 24ara tetrag4wnou 2anastaq6en pr4isma 34hmis4u 2esti to5u 2anastaq4ento@ pr4ismato@ 2ap6o to5u per6i t6on ABGD k4uklon perigraf4ento@ tetrag4wnou: ka4i 2estin 3o k4ulindro@ 2el4attwn to5u pr4ismato@ to5u 2anastaq4ento@ 2ap6o to5u per6i t6on ABGD k4uklon perigraf4ento@ tetrag4wnou: t6o 24ara pr4isma t6o 2anastaq6en 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou ^+^ 2iso7uy6e@ t5wj kul4indrwj me5iz4on 2esti to5u 3hm4isew@ to5u kul4indrou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i AB, BG, GD, DA perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a E, Z, H, Q shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AE, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, DQ, QA: ka6i 34ekaston 24ara t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u ABGD k4uklou, 3w@ 24emprosqen 2ede4iknumen. 2anest4atw 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h t5wj kul4indrwj: ka6i 34ekaston 24ara t5wn 2anastaq4entwn prism4atwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u kul4indrou, 2epeid4hper 2e6an di6a t5wn E, Z, H, Q shme4iwn parall4hlou@ ta5i@ AB, BG, GD, DA 2ag4agwmen, ka6i sumplhr4wswmen t6a 2ep6i t5wn AB, BG, GD, DA parallhl4ogramma, ka6i 2ap' a2ut5wn 2anast4hswmen stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2iso7uy5h t5wj kul4indrwj, 3ek4astou t5wn 2anastaq4entwn 3hm4ish 2est6i t6a pr4ismata t6a 2ep6i t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn: ka4i 2esti t6a to5u kul4indrou tm4hmata 2el4attona t5wn 2anastaq4entwn stere5wn parallhlepip4edwn: 34wste ka6i t6a 2ep6i t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn pr4ismata me4izon4a 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu t5wn kaq' 3eaut6a to5u kul4indrou tmhm4atwn. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ perifere4ia@ d4ixa ka6i 2epizeugn4unte@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i 2anist4ante@ 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn trig4wnwn pr4ismata 2iso7uy5h t5wj kul4indrwj ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina 2apotm4hmata to5u kul4indrou, 36a 24estai 2el4attona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3o k4ulindro@ to5u triplas4iou to5u k4wnou. lele4ifqw, ka6i 24estw t6a AE, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, ^+^ DQ, QA: loip6on 24ara t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m6en t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, me5iz4on 2estin 26h tripl4asion to5u k4wnou. 2all6a t6o pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, tripl4asi4on 2esti t5h@ puram4ido@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e 3h a2ut6h t5wj k4wnwj: ka6i 3h puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en <2<2esti>2> t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e 3h a2ut6h t5wj k4wnwj, me4izwn 2est6i to5u k4wnou to5u b4asin 24exonto@ t6on ABGD k4uklon. 2all6a ka6i 2el4attwn: 2emperi4exetai g6ar 3up' a2uto5u: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou me4izwn 26h tripl4asio@. -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 2el4attwn 2est6in 26h tripl4asio@ 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw 2el4attwn 26h tripl4asio@ 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou: 2an4apalin 24ara 3o k5wno@ to5u kul4indrou me4izwn 2est6in 26h tr4iton m4ero@. 2eggegr4afqw d6h e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o ABGD: t6o ABGD 24ara tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u ABGD k4uklou. ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou puram6i@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousa t5wj k4wnwj: 3h 24ara 2anastaqe5isa puram6i@ me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u k4wnou, 2epeid4hper, 3w@ 24emprosqen 2ede4iknumen, 34oti 2e6an per6i t6on k4uklon tetr4agwnon perigr4aywmen, 24estai t6o ABGD tetr4agwnon 34hmisu to5u per6i t6on k4uklon perigegramm4enou tetrag4wnou: ka6i ^+^ 2e6an 2ap6o t5wn tetrag4wnwn stere6a parallhlep4ipeda 2anast4hswmen 2iso7uy5h t5wj k4wnwj, 36a ka6i kale5itai pr4ismata, 24estai t6o 2anastaq6en 2ap6o to5u ABGD tetrag4wnou 34hmisu to5u 2anastaq4ento@ 2ap6o to5u per6i t6on k4uklon perigraf4ento@ tetrag4wnou: pr6o@ 24allhla g4ar e2isin 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 34wste ka6i t6a tr4ita: ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ABGD tetr4agwnon, 34hmis4u 2esti t5h@ puram4ido@ t5h@ 2anastaqe4ish@ 2ap6o to5u per6i t6on k4uklon perigraf4ento@ tetrag4wnou. ka4i 2esti me4izwn 3h puram6i@ 3h 2anastaqe5isa 2ap6o to5u per6i t6on k4uklon tetrag4wnou to5u k4wnou: 2emperi4exei g6ar a2ut4on. 3h 24ara puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ABGD tetr4agwnon, koruf6h d6e 3h a2ut6h t5wj k4wnwj, me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4wnou. tetm4hsqwsan a3i AB, BG, GD, DA perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a E, Z, H, Q shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AE, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, DQ, QA: ka6i 34ekaston 24ara t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u ABGD k4uklou. ka6i 2anest4atwsan 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn AEB, BZG, GHD, DQA trig4wnwn puram4ide@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousai t5wj k4wnwj: ka6i 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anastaqeis5wn puram4idwn kat6a t6on a2ut6on tr4opon me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6hn tm4hmato@ to5u k4wnou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ ^-^ 3upoleipom4ena@ perifere4ia@ d4ixa ka6i 2epizeugn4unte@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i 2anist4ante@ 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn trig4wnwn puram4ida t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousan t5wj k4wnwj ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina 2apotm4hmata to5u k4wnou, 36a 24estai 2el4attona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3o k5wno@ to5u tr4itou m4erou@ ^+^ to5u kul4indrou. lele4ifqw, ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn AE, EB, BZ, ZG, GH, HD, DQ, QA: loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e 3h a2ut6h t5wj k4wnwj, me4izwn 2est6in 26h tr4iton m4ero@ to5u kul4indrou. 2all' 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e 3h a2ut6h t5wj k4wnwj, tr4iton 2est6i m4ero@ to5u pr4ismato@, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj: t6o 24ara pr4isma, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o AEBZGHDQ pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj kul4indrwj, me5iz4on 2esti to5u kul4indrou, o35u b4asi@ 2est6in 3o ABGD k4uklo@. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 2emperi4exetai g6ar 3up' a2uto5u: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou 2el4attwn 2est6in 26h tripl4asio@. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e me4izwn 26h tripl4asio@: tripl4asio@ 24ara 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou: 34wste 3o k5wno@ tr4iton 2est6i m4ero@ to5u kul4indrou. -P5a@ 24ara k5wno@ kul4indrou tr4iton m4ero@ 2est6i to5u t6hn a2ut6hn b4asin 24exonto@ a2ut5wj ka6i 34uyo@ 24ison: 34oper 24edei ^-^ de5icai. ##11##-------ia41 -O3i 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. -24Estwsan 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn b4asei@ m4en <22> o3i ABGD, EZHQ k4ukloi, 24acone@ d6e o3i KL, MN, di4ametroi d6e t5wn b4asewn a3i AG, EH: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EN k5wnon. ^+^ -E2i g6ar m4h, 24estai 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ 24htoi pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EN k4wnou stere6on 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 24estw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o C, ka6i 35wj 24elass4on 2esti t6o C stere6on to5u EN k4wnou, 2eke4inwj 24ison 24estw t6o Y stere4on: 3o EN k5wno@ 24ara 24iso@ 2est6i to5i@ C, Y stereo5i@. 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ: t6o 24ara tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4uklou. 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj: 3h 24ara 2anastaqe5isa pur4am6i@ me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u k4wnou, 2epeid4hper 2e6an perigr4aywmen per6i t6on k4uklon tetr4agwnon, ka6i 2ap' a2uto5u 2anast4hswmen puram4ida 2iso7uy5h t5wj k4wnwj, 3h 2eggrafe5isa puram6i@ 34hmis4u 2esti t5h@ perigrafe4ish@: pr6o@ 2all4hla@ g4ar e2isin 3w@ a3i b4asei@: 2el4attwn d6e 3o k5wno@ t5h@ perigrafe4ish@ puram4ido@. tetm4hsqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QE perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a O, P, R, S shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i QO, OE, EP, PZ, ZR, RH, HS, SQ. 34ekaston 24ara t5wn QOE, EPZ, ZRH, HSQ trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u k4uklou. 2anest4atw 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn QOE, EPZ, ZRH, HSQ trig4wnwn puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj k4wnwj: ka6i 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anastaqeis5wn puram4idwn me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u kaq' 3eaut6hn tm4hmato@ to5u ^+^ k4wnou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ perifere4ia@ d4ixa ka6i 2epizeugn4unte@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i 2anist4ante@ 2ep6i 3ek4astou t5wn trig4wnwn puram4ida@ 2iso7uye5i@ t5wj k4wnwj ka6i 2ae6i to5uto poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina 2apotm4hmata to5u k4wnou, 36a 24estai 2el4assona to5u Y stereo5u. lele4ifqw, ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn QOE, EPZ, ZRH, HSQ: loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon, 34uyo@ d6e t6o a2ut6o t5wj k4wnwj, me4izwn 2est6i to5u C stereo5u. 2eggegr4afqw ka6i e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj QOEPZRHS polug4wnwj 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon pol4ugwnon t6o DTAUBFGX, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ep' a2uto5u puram6i@ 2iso7uy6h@ t5wj AL k4wnwj. 2epe6i o25un 2estin 3w@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ EH, o34utw@ t6o DTAUBFGX pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon, 3w@ d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ EH, o34utw@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ ^+^ k4uklon, o34utw@ t6o DTAUBFGX pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon. 3w@ d6e 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o C stere4on, 3w@ d6e t6o DTAUBFGX pol4ugwnon pr6o@ t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o DTAUBFGX pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6o C stere4on, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o DTAUBFGX pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o QOEPZRHS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion: 2enall6ac 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6hn 2en a2ut5wj puram4ida, o34utw@ t6o C stere6on pr6o@ t6hn 2en t5wj EN k4wnwj puram4ida. me4izwn d6e 3o AL k5wno@ t5h@ 2en a2ut5wj puram4ido@: me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o C stere6on t5h@ 2en t5wj EN k4wnwj puram4ido@. 2all6a ka6i 24elasson: 34oper 24atopon. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EN k4wnou stere4on. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud4e 2estin 3w@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u AL k4wnou stere4on. -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud4e 2estin 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EN k4wnou stere4on. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 24estw pr6o@ me5izon t6o C: 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ t6o C stere6on pr6o@ t6on AL k5wnon. 2all' 3w@ t6o C stere6on pr6o@ t6on AL k5wnon, o34utw@ 3o EN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ^+^ ti to5u AL k4wnou stere4on: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o EZHQ k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o EN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u AL k4wnou stere4on: 34oper 2ad4unaton 2ede4ixqh. o2uk 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EN k4wnou stere4on. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elasson: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ 3o AL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EN k5wnon. -2All' 3w@ 3o k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on k5wnon, 3o k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on k4ulindron: triplas4iwn g6ar 3ek4atero@ 3ekat4erou. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o ABGD k4uklo@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon, o34utw@ o3i 2ep' a2ut5wn 2iso7uye5i@ <22> k4ulindroi. -O3i 24ara 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##12##-------ib41 -O3i 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 2en ta5i@ b4asesi diam4etrwn. -24Estwsan 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn b4asei@ m6en o3i ABGD, EZHQ k4ukloi, di4ametroi d6e t5wn b4asewn a3i BD, ZQ, 24acone@ d6e t5wn k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn o3i KL, MN: l4egw, 34oti 3o k5wno@, o35u b4asi@ m4en <2<2estin>2> 3o ABGD k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6on k5wnon, o35u b4asi@ m4en <2<2estin>2> 3o EZHQ k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. ^+^ -E2i g6ar m6h 24exei 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQN k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, 34ecei 3o ABGDL k5wno@ 26h pr6o@ 24elass4on ti to5u EZHQN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 26h pr6o@ me5izon. 2ex4etw pr4oteron pr6o@ 24elasson t6o C, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQ k4uklon tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ: t6o 24ara EZHQ tetr4agwnon me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o 34hmisu to5u EZHQ k4uklou. ka6i 2anest4atw 2ep6i to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou puram6i@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousa t5wj k4wnwj: 3h 24ara 2anastaqe5isa puram6i@ me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u k4wnou. tetm4hsqwsan d6h a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QE perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a O, P, R, S shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EO, OZ, ZP, PH, HR, RQ, QS, SE. ka6i 34ekaston 24ara t5wn EOZ, ZPH, HRQ, QSE trig4wnwn me5iz4on 2estin 26h t6o ^+^ 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6o tm4hmato@ to5u EZHQ k4uklou. ka6i 2anest4atw 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn EOZ, ZPH, HRQ, QSE trig4wnwn puram6i@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousa t5wj k4wnwj: ka6i 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn 2anastaqeis5wn puram4idwn me4izwn 2est6in 26h t6o 34hmisu m4ero@ to5u kaq' 3eaut6hn tm4hmato@ to5u k4wnou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6a@ 3upoleipom4ena@ perifere4ia@ d4ixa ka6i 2epizeugn4unte@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i 2anist4ante@ 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn trig4wnwn puram4ida@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 2exo4usa@ t5wj k4wnwj ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina 2apotm4hmata to5u k4wnou, 36a 24estai 2el4assona t5h@ 3uperox5h@, 35hj 3uper4exei 3o EZHQN k5wno@ to5u C stereo5u. lele4ifqw, ka6i 24estw t6a 2ep6i t5wn EO, OZ, ZP, PH, HR, RQ, QS, SE: loip6h 24ara 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, me4izwn 2est6i to5u C stereo5u. 2eggegr4afqw ka6i e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon t5wj EOZPHRQS polug4wnwj 34omoi4on te ka6i 3omo4iw@ ke4imenon pol4ugwnon t6o ATBUGFDX, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ep6i to5u ATBUGFDX polug4wnou puram6i@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 24exousa t5wj k4wnwj, ka6i t5wn m6en periex4ontwn t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o ATBUGFDX pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, 36en tr4igwnon 24estw t6o LBT, t5wn d6e periex4ontwn t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, 36en tr4igwnon 24estw t6o NZO, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i KT, MO. ka6i 2epe6i 34omoi4o@ 2estin 3o ABGDL k5wno@ t5wj EZHQN k4wnwj, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ, o34utw@ 3o KL 24acwn pr6o@ t6on MN 24acona. 3w@ d6e 3h BD pr6o@ ^+^ t6hn ZQ, o34utw@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn ZM: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn ZM, o34utw@ 3h KL pr6o@ t6hn MN. ka6i 2enall6ac 3w@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn KL, o34utw@ 3h ZM pr6o@ t6hn MN. ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o BKL, ZMN a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin: 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BKL tr4igwnon t5wj ZMN trig4wnwj. p4alin, 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn KT, o34utw@ 3h ZM pr6o@ t6hn MO, ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o BKT, ZMO, 2epeid4hper, 36o m4ero@ 2est6in 3h 3up6o BKT gwn4ia t5wn pr6o@ t5wj K k4entrwj tess4arwn 2orq5wn, t6o a2ut6o m4ero@ 2est6i ka6i 3h 3up6o ZMO gwn4ia t5wn pr6o@ t5wj M k4entrwj tess4arwn 2orq5wn. 2epe6i o25un per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin, 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o BKT tr4igwnon t5wj ZMO trig4wnwj. p4alin, 2epe6i 2ede4ixqh 3w@ 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn KL, o34utw@ 3h ZM pr6o@ t6hn MN, 24ish d6e 3h m6en BK t5hj KT, 3h d6e ZM t5hj OM, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h TK pr6o@ t6hn KL, o34utw@ 3h OM pr6o@ t6hn MN. ka6i per6i 24isa@ gwn4ia@ t6a@ 3up6o TKL, OMN: 2orqa6i g4ar: a3i pleura6i 2an4alog4on e2isin: 34omoion 24ara 2est6i t6o LKT tr4igwnon t5wj NMO trig4wnwj. ka6i 2epe6i di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn LKB, NMZ trig4wnwn 2est6in 3w@ 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn BK, o34utw@ 3h NZ pr6o@ t6hn ZM, di6a d6e t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn BKT, ZMO trig4wnwn 2est6in 3w@ 3h KB pr6o@ t6hn BT, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ t6hn ZO, di' 24isou ^+^ 24ara 3w@ 3h LB pr6o@ t6hn BT, o34utw@ 3h NZ pr6o@ t6hn ZO. p4alin, 2epe6i di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn LTK, NOM trig4wnwn 2est6in 3w@ 3h LT pr6o@ t6hn TK, o34utw@ 3h NO pr6o@ t6hn OM, di6a d6e t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn TKB, OMZ trig4wnwn 2est6in 3w@ 3h KT pr6o@ t6hn TB, o34utw@ 3h MO pr6o@ t6hn OZ, di' 24isou 24ara 3w@ 3h LT pr6o@ t6hn TB, o34utw@ 3h NO pr6o@ t6hn OZ. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3w@ 3h TB pr6o@ t6hn BL, o34utw@ 3h OZ pr6o@ t6hn ZN. di' 24isou 24ara 3w@ 3h TL pr6o@ t6hn LB, o34utw@ 3h ON pr6o@ t6hn NZ. t5wn LTB, NOZ 24ara trig4wnwn 2an4alog4on e2isin a3i pleura4i: 2isog4wnia 24ara 2est6i t6a LTB, NOZ tr4igwna: 34wste ka6i 34omoia. ka6i puram6i@ 24ara, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o BKT tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, 3omo4ia 2est6i puram4idi, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ZMO tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion: 3up6o g6ar 3omo4iwn 2epip4edwn peri4exontai 24iswn t6o pl5hqo@. a3i d6e 34omoiai puram4ide@ ka6i trig4wnou@ 24exousai b4asei@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn. 3h 24ara BKTL puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZMON puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BK pr6o@ t6hn ZM. 3omo4iw@ d6h 2epizeugn4unte@ 2ap6o t5wn A, X, D, F, G, U 2ep6i t6o K e2uqe4ia@ ka6i 2ap6o t5wn E, S, Q, R, H, P 2ep6i t6o M ka6i 2anist4ante@ 2ef' 3ek4astou t5wn trig4wnwn puram4ida@ t6hn a2ut6hn koruf6hn 2exo4usa@ to5i@ k4wnoi@ de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3ek4asth t5wn 3omotag5wn puram4idwn pr6o@ 3ek4asthn 3omotag5h puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 34ecei 24hper 3h BK 3om4ologo@ pleur6a pr6o@ t6hn ZM 3om4ologon pleur4an, tout4estin 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. ka6i 3w@ 36en t5wn 3hgoum4enwn pr6o@ 36en t5wn ^+^ 3epom4enwn, o34utw@ 34apanta t6a 3hgo4umena pr6o@ 34apanta t6a 3ep4omena: 24estin 24ara ka6i 3w@ 3h BKTL puram6i@ pr6o@ t6hn ZMON puram4ida, o34utw@ 3h 34olh puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ t6o ATBUGFDX pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn 34olhn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion: 34wste ka6i puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ATBUGFDX, koruf6h d6e t6o L, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ <22> t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. 3up4okeitai d6e ka6i 3o k5wno@, o35u b4asi@ <22> 3o ABGD k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o L shme5ion, pr6o@ t6o C stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exwn 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o k5wno@, o35u b4asi@ m4en 2estin 3o ABGD k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o L, pr6o@ t6o C stere4on, o34utw@ 3h puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ATBUGFDX <22>, koruf6h d6e t6o L, pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N: 2enall6ac 24ara, 3w@ 3o k5wno@, o35u b4asi@ m6en 3o ABGD k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o L, pr6o@ t6hn 2en a2ut5wj puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m6en t6o ATBUGFDX pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o L, o34utw@ t6o C <22> pr6o@ t6hn puram4ida, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N. me4izwn d6e 3o e2irhm4eno@ k5wno@ t5h@ 2en a2ut5wj puram4ido@: 2emperi4exei g6ar a2ut4hn. me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o C stere6on t5h@ puram4ido@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EOZPHRQS pol4ugwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o N. 2all6a ka6i 24elatton: 34oper 2est6in 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3o k5wno@, o34u b4asi@ 3o ABGD k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e ^+^ t6o L <22>, pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u k4wnou stere4on, o35u b4asi@ m6en 3o EZHQ k4uklo@, koruf6h d6e t6o N shme5ion, triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 3o EZHQN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDL k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZQ pr6o@ t6hn BD. -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 2ex4etw pr6o@ me5izon t6o C. 2an4apalin 24ara t6o C stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDL k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZQ pr6o@ t6hn BD. 3w@ d6e t6o C stere6on pr6o@ t6on ABGDL k5wnon, o34utw@ 3o EZHQN k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDL k4wnou stere4on. ka6i 3o EZHQN 24ara k5wno@ pr6o@ 24elatt4on ti to5u ABGDL k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h ZQ pr6o@ t6hn BD: 34oper 2ad4unaton 2ede4ixqh. o2uk 24ara 3o ABGDL k5wno@ pr6o@ me5iz4on ti to5u EZHQN k4wnou stere6on triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 24elatton. 3o ABGDL 24ara k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on EZHQN k5wnon triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. -3W@ d6e 3o k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on k5wnon, 3o k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on k4ulindron: tripl4asio@ g6ar 3o k4ulindro@ to5u k4wnou 3o 2ep6i t5h@ a2ut5h@ b4asew@ t5wj k4wnwj ka6i 2iso7uy6h@ a2ut5wj. ka6i 3o k4ulindro@ ^+^ 24ara pr6o@ t6on k4ulindron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn ZQ. -O3i 24ara 34omoioi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 2en ta5i@ b4asesi diam4etrwn: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##13##-------ig41 -2E6an k4ulindro@ 2epip4edwj tmhq5hj parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estai 3w@ 3o k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o 24acwn pr6o@ t6on 24acona. -K4ulindro@ g6ar 3o AD 2epip4edwj t5wj HQ tetm4hsqw parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@ to5i@ AB, GD, ka6i sumball4etw t5wj 24aconi t6o HQ 2ep4ipedon kat6a t6o K shme5ion: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o BH k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on HD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o EK 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KZ 24acona. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3o EZ 24acwn 2ef' 3ek4atera t6a m4erh 2ep6i t6a L, M shme5ia, ka6i 2ekke4isqwsan t5wj EK 24aconi 24isoi 3osoidhpoto5un o3i EN, NL, t5wj d6e ZK 24isoi 3osoidhpoto5un o3i ZC, CM, ka6i noe4isqw 3o 2ep6i to5u LM 24acono@ k4ulindro@ 3o OX, o35u b4asei@ o3i OP, FX k4ukloi. ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw di6a t5wn N, C shme4iwn 2ep4ipeda par4allhla to5i@ AB, GD ka6i ta5i@ b4asesi to5u OX kul4indrou ka6i poie4itwsan to6u@ ^+^ RS, TU k4uklou@ per6i t6a N, C k4entra. ka6i 2epe6i o3i AN, NE, EK 24acone@ 24isoi e2is6in 2all4hloi@, o3i 24ara PR, RB, BH k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 24isai d4e e2isin a3i b4asei@: 24isoi 24ara ka6i o3i PR, RB, BH k4ulindroi 2all4hloi@. 2epe6i o25un o3i AN, NE, EK 24acone@ 24isoi e2is6in 2all4hloi@, e2is6i d6e ka6i o3i PR, RB, BH k4ulindroi 24isoi 2all4hloi@, ka4i 2estin 24ison t6o pl5hqo@ t5wj pl4hqei, 3osaplas4iwn 24ara 3o KL 24acwn to5u EK 24acono@, tosautaplas4iwn 24estai ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HB kul4indrou. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3osaplas4iwn 2est6in 3o MK 24acwn to5u KZ 24acono@, tosautaplas4iwn 2est6i ka6i 3o XH k4ulindro@ to5u HD kul4indrou. ka6i e2i m6en 24iso@ 2est6in 3o KL 24acwn t5wj KM 24aconi, 24iso@ 24estai ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ t5wj HX kul4indrwj, e2i d6e me4izwn 3o 24acwn to5u 24acono@, me4izwn ka6i 3o k4ulindro@ to5u kul4indrou, ka6i e2i 2el4asswn, 2el4asswn. tess4arwn d6h megeq5wn 24ontwn, 2ac4onwn m6en t5wn EK, KZ, kul4indrwn d6e t5wn BH, HD, e24ilhptai 2is4aki@ pollapl4asia, to5u m6en EK 24acono@ ka6i to5u BH kul4indrou 34o te LK 24acwn ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@, to5u d6e KZ 24acono@ ka6i to5u HD kul4indrou 34o te KM 24acwn ka6i 3o HX k4ulindro@, ka6i d4edeiktai, 34oti e2i 3uper4exei 3o KL 24acwn to5u KM 24acono@, 3uper4exei ka6i 3o PH k4ulindro@ to5u HX kul4indrou, ka6i e2i 24iso@, 24iso@, ka6i e2i 2el4asswn, 2el4asswn. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o EK 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KZ 24acona, o34utw@ 3o BH k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on HD k4ulindron: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##14##-------id41 -O3i 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ t6a 34uyh. -24Estwsan g6ar 2ep6i 24iswn b4asewn t5wn AB, GD k4uklwn k4ulindroi o3i EB, ZD: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o HQ 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3o KL 24acwn 2ep6i t6o N shme5ion, ka6i ke4isqw t5wj HQ 24aconi 24iso@ 3o LN, ka6i per6i 24acona t6on LN k4ulindro@ neno4hsqw 3o GM. 2epe6i o25un o3i EB, GM k4ulindroi 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ e2is4in, pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@. 24isai d4e e2isin a3i b4asei@ 2all4hlai@: 24isoi 24ara e2is6i ka6i o3i EB, GM k4ulindroi. ka6i 2epe6i k4ulindro@ 3o ZM 2epip4edwj t4etmhtai: t5wj GD parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o GM k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o LN 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona. 24iso@ d4e 2estin 3o m6en GM k4ulindro@ t5wj EB kul4indrwj, 3o d6e LN 24acwn t5wj HQ 24aconi: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o HQ 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona. 3w@ d6e 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o ABH k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon. ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3o HQ 24acwn pr6o@ t6on KL 24acona, o34utw@ 3o ABH k5wno@ pr6o@ t6on GDK k5wnon ka6i 3o EB k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ZD k4ulindron: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##15##-------ie41 -T5wn 24iswn k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin: ka6i 35wn k4wnwn ka6i kul4indrwn ^-^ 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, 24isoi e2is6in 2eke5inoi. -24Estwsan 24isoi k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi, 35wn b4asei@ m6en o3i ABGD, EZHQ k4ukloi, di4ametroi d6e a2ut5wn a3i AG, EH, 24acone@ d6e o3i KL, MN, o34itine@ ka6i 34uyh e2is6i t5wn k4wnwn 26h kul4indrwn, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqwsan o3i AC, EO k4ulindroi. l4egw, 34oti t5wn AC, EO kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o KL 34uyo@. -T6o g6ar LK 34uyo@ t5wj MN 34uyei 24htoi 24ison 2est6in 26h o24u. 24estw pr4oteron 24ison. 24esti d6e ka6i 3o AC k4ulindro@ t5wj EO kul4indrwj 24iso@. o3i d6e 3up6o t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ 24onte@ k5wnoi ka6i k4ulindroi pr6o@ 2all4hlou@ e2is6in 3w@ a3i b4asei@: 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h ABGD b4asi@ t5hj EZHQ b4asei. 34wste ka6i 2antip4eponqen, 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o KL 34uyo@. 2all6a d6h m6h 24estw t6o AK 34uyo@ t5wj MN 24ison, 2all' 24estw me5izon t6o MN, ka6i 2afhjr4hsqw 2ap6o to5u MN 34uyou@ t5wj KL 24ison t6o PN, ka6i di6a to5u P shme4iou tetm4hsqw 3o EO k4ulindro@ 2epip4edwj t5wj TUS parall4hlwj to5i@ t5wn EZHQ, RO k4uklwn 2epip4edoi@, ka6i ^+^ 2ap6o b4asew@ m6en to5u EZHQ k4uklou, 34uyou@ d6e to5u NP k4ulindro@ neno4hsqw 3o ES. ka6i 2epe6i 24iso@ 2est6in 3o AC k4ulindro@ t5wj EO kul4indrwj, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o AC k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o EO k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3o AC k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ: 3up6o g6ar t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ e2is6in o3i AC, ES k4ulindroi: 3w@ d6e 3o EO k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o PN 34uyo@: 3o g6ar EO k4ulindro@ 2epip4edwj t4etmhtai parall4hlwj 24onti to5i@ 2apenant4ion 2epip4edoi@. 24estin 24ara ka6i 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o PN 34uyo@. 24ison d6e t6o PN 34uyo@ t5wj KL 34uyei: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o KL 34uyo@. t5wn 24ara AC, EO kul4indrwn 2antipep4onqasin a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin. -2All6a d6h t5wn AC, EO kul4indrwn 2antipeponq4etwsan a3i b4asei@ to5i@ 34uyesin, ka6i 24estw 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o KL 34uyo@: l4egw, 34oti 24iso@ 2est6in 3o AC k4ulindro@ t5wj EO kul4indrwj. ^+^ -T5wn g6ar a2ut5wn kataskeuasq4entwn 2epe4i ^-^ 2estin 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o KL 34uyo@, 24ison d6e t6o KL 34uyo@ t5wj PN 34uyei, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o PN 34uyo@. 2all' 3w@ m6en 3h ABGD b4asi@ pr6o@ t6hn EZHQ b4asin, o34utw@ 3o LC k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron: 3up6o g6ar t6o a2ut6o 34uyo@ e2is4in: 3w@ d6e t6o MN 34uyo@ pr6o@ t6o PN <2<34uyo@>2>, o34utw@ 3o EO k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3o LC k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES k4ulindron, o34utw@ 3o EO k4ulindro@ pr6o@ t6on ES. 24iso@ 24ara 3o LC k4ulindro@ t5wj EO kul4indrwj. 3wsa4utw@ d6e ka6i 2ep6i t5wn k4wnwn: 34oper ^-^ 24edei de5icai. ##16##-------i@t41 -D4uo k4uklwn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron 24ontwn e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon pol4ugwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou. -24Estwsan o3i doq4ente@ d4uo k4ukloi o3i ABGD, EZHQ per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron t6o K: de5i d6h e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon t6on ABGD pol4ugwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon to5u EZHQ k4uklou. ^+^ -24Hxqw g6ar di6a to5u K k4entrou e2uqe5ia 3h BKD, ka6i 2ap6o to5u H shme4iou t5hj BD e2uqe4iaj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 3h HA ka6i di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o G: 3h AG 24ara 2ef4aptetai to5u EZHQ k4uklou. t4emnonte@ d6h t6hn BAD perif4ereian d4ixa ka6i t6hn 3hm4iseian a2ut5h@ d4ixa ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyomen perif4ereian 2el4assona t5h@ AD. lele4ifqw, ka6i 24estw 3h LD, ka6i 2ap6o to5u L 2ep6i t6hn BD k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h LM ka6i di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o N, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LD, DN: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h LD t5hj DN. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h LN t5hj AG, 3h d6e AG 2ef4aptetai to5u EZHQ k4uklou, 3h LN 24ara o2uk 2ef4aptetai to5u EZHQ k4uklou: poll5wj 24ara a3i LD, DN o2uk 2ef4aptontai to5u EZHQ k4uklou. 2e6an d6h t5hj LD e2uqe4iaj 24isa@ kat6a t6o sunex6e@ 2enarm4oswmen e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon, 2eggraf4hsetai e2i@ t6on ABGD k4uklon pol4ugwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2arti4opleuron m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou to5u EZHQ: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ##17##-------iz41 -D4uo sfair5wn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o2us5wn e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian. ^+^ -Neno4hsqwsan d4uo sfa5irai per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron t6o A: de5i d6h e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron 2eggr4ayai m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian. -Tetm4hsqwsan a3i sfa5irai 2epip4edwj tin6i di6a to5u k4entrou: 24esontai d6h a3i toma6i k4ukloi, 2epeid4hper meno4ush@ t5h@ diam4etrou ka6i periferom4enou to5u 3hmikukl4iou 2eg4igneto 3h sfa5ira: 34wste ka6i kaq' o34ia@ 26an q4esew@ 2epino4hswmen t6o 3hmik4uklion, t6o di' a2uto5u 2ekball4omenon 2ep4ipedon poi4hsei 2ep6i t5h@ 2epifane4ia@ t5h@ sfa4ira@ k4uklon. ka6i faner4on, 34oti ka6i m4egiston, 2epeid4hper 3h di4ametro@ t5h@ sfa4ira@, 34hti@ 2est6i ka6i to5u 3hmikukl4iou di4ametro@ dhlad6h ka6i to5u k4uklou, me4izwn 2est6i pas5wn t5wn e2i@ t6on k4uklon 26h t6hn sfa5iran diagom4enwn <22>. 24estw o25un 2en m6en t5hj me4izoni sfa4iraj k4uklo@ 3o BGDE, 2en d6e t5hj 2el4assoni sfa4iraj k4uklo@ 3o ZHQ, ka6i 24hxqwsan a2ut5wn d4uo di4ametroi pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2all4hlai@ a3i BD, GE, ka6i d4uo k4uklwn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron 24ontwn t5wn BGDE, ZHQ e2i@ t6on me4izona k4uklon t6on BGDE pol4ugwnon 2is4opleuron ka6i 2arti4opleuron 2eggegr4afqw m6h ya5uon to5u 2el4assono@ k4uklou to5u ZHQ, o35u pleura6i 24estwsan 2en t5wj BE tetarthmor4iwj a3i BK, KL, LM, ME, ka6i 2epizeuxqe5isa 3h KA di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o N, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou t5wj to5u BGDE k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h AC ka6i sumball4etw t5hj 2epifane4iaj t5h@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6o C, ka6i di6a t5h@ AC ka6i 3ekat4era@ t5wn BD, KN 2ep4ipeda 2ekbebl4hsqw: poi4hsousi d6h di6a t6a e2irhm4ena 2ep6i t5h@ 2epifane4ia@ t5h@ sfa4ira@ meg4istou@ k4uklou@. poie4itwsan, ^+^ 35wn 3hmik4uklia 24estw 2ep6i t5wn BD, KN diam4etrwn t6a BCD, KCN. ka6i 2epe6i 3h CA 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon, ka6i p4anta 24ara t6a di6a t5h@ CA 2ep4iped4a 2estin 2orq6a pr6o@ t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon: 34wste ka6i t6a BCD, KCN 3hmik4uklia 2orq4a 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon. ka6i 2epe6i 24isa 2est6i t6a BED, BCD, KCN 3hmik4uklia: 2ep6i g6ar 24iswn e2is6i diam4etrwn ^+^ t5wn BD, KN: 24isa 2est6i ka6i t6a BE, BC, KC tetarthm4oria 2all4hloi@. 34osai 24ara e2is6in 2en t5wj BE tetarthmor4iwj pleura6i to5u polug4wnou, tosa5uta4i e2isi ka6i 2en to5i@ BC, KC tetarthmor4ioi@ 24isai ta5i@ BK, KL, LM, ME e2uqe4iai@. 2eggegr4afqwsan ka6i 24estwsan a3i BO, OP, PR, RC, KS, ST, TU, UC, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i SO, TP, UR, ka6i 2ap6o t5wn O, S 2ep6i t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon k4aqetoi 24hxqwsan: peso5untai d6h 2ep6i t6a@ koin6a@ tom6a@ t5wn 2epip4edwn t6a@ BD, KN, 2epeid4hper ka6i t6a t5wn BCD, KCN 2ep4ipeda 2orq4a 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon. pipt4etwsan, ka6i 24estwsan a3i OF, SX, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h XF. ka6i 2epe6i 2en 24isoi@ 3hmikukl4ioi@ to5i@ BCD, KCN 24isai 2apeilhmm4enai e2is6in a3i BO, KS, ka6i k4aqetoi 2hgm4enai e2is6in a3i OF, SX, 24ish <2<24ara>2> 2est6in 3h m6en OF t5hj SX, 3h d6e BF t5hj KX. 24esti d6e ka6i 34olh 3h BA 34olhj t5hj KA 24ish: ka6i loip6h 24ara 3h FA loip5hj t5hj XA 2estin 24ish: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BF pr6o@ t6hn FA, o34utw@ 3h KX pr6o@ t6hn XA: par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h XF t5hj KB. ka6i 2epe6i 3ekat4era t5wn OF, SX 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u BGDE k4uklou 2ep4ipedon, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h OF t5hj SX. 2ede4ixqh d6e a2ut5hj ka6i 24ish: ka6i a3i XF, SO 24ara 24isai e2is6i ka6i par4allhloi. ka6i 2epe6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin 3h XF t5hj SO, 2all6a 3h XF t5hj KB 2esti par4allhlo@, ka6i 3h SO 24ara t5hj KB 2esti par4allhlo@. ka6i 2epizeugn4uousin a2ut6a@ a3i BO, KS: t6o KBOS 24ara ^+^ tetr4apleuron 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj, 2epeid4hper, 2e6an 25wsi d4uo e2uqe5iai par4allhloi, ka6i 2ef' 3ekat4era@ a2ut5wn lhfq5hj tux4onta shme5ia, 3h 2ep6i t6a shme5ia 2epizeugnum4enh e2uqe5ia 2en t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj 2est6i ta5i@ parall4hloi@. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ek4ateron t5wn SOPT, TPRU tetraple4urwn 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o URC tr4igwnon 2en 3en6i 2epip4edwj. 2e6an d6h no4hswmen 2ap6o t5wn O, S, P, T, R, U shme4iwn 2ep6i t6o A 2epizeugnum4ena@ e2uqe4ia@, sustaq4hseta4i ti sx5hma stere6on pol4uedron metac6u t5wn BC, KC periferei5wn 2ek puram4idwn sugke4imenon, 35wn b4asei@ m6en t6a KBOS, SOPT, TPRU tetr4apleura ka6i t6o URC tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o A shme5ion. 2e6an d6e ka6i 2ep6i 3ek4asth@ t5wn KL, LM, ME pleur5wn kaq4aper 2ep6i t5h@ BK t6a a2ut6a kataskeu4aswmen ka6i 24eti 2ep6i t5wn loip5wn tri5wn tetarthmor4iwn, sustaq4hseta4i ti sx5hma pol4uedron 2eggegramm4enon e2i@ t6hn sfa5iran puram4isi periex4omenon, 35wn b4asei@ <22> t6a e2irhm4ena tetr4apleura ka6i t6o URC tr4igwnon ka6i t6a 3omotag5h a2uto5i@, koruf6h d6e t6o A shme5ion. -L4egw, 34oti t6o e2irhm4enon pol4uedron o2uk 2ef4ayetai t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian, 2ef' 35h@ 2estin 3o ZHQ k4uklo@. -24Hxqw 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou 2ep6i t6o to5u KBOS tetraple4urou 2ep4ipedon k4aqeto@ 3h AY ka6i sumball4etw t5wj 2epip4edwj kat6a t6o Y shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i YB, YK. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AY 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u KBOS ^+^ tetraple4urou 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj to5u tetraple4urou 2epip4edwj 2orq4h 2estin. 3h AY 24ara 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn BY, YK. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AB t5hj AK, 24ison 2est6i ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AK. ka4i 2esti t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ AB 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn AY, YB: 2orq6h g6ar 3h pr6o@ t5wj Y: t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AK 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn AY, YK. t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AY, YB 24isa 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn AY, YK. koin6on 2afhjr4hsqw t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AY: loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BY loip5wj t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ YK 24ison 2est4in: 24ish 24ara 3h BY t5hj YK. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i a3i 2ap6o to5u Y 2ep6i t6a O, S 2epizeugn4umenai e2uqe5iai 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4eraj t5wn BY, YK. 3o 24ara k4entrwj t5wj Y ka6i diast4hmati 3en6i t5wn YB, YK graf4omeno@ k4uklo@ 34hcei ka6i di6a t5wn O, S, ka6i 24estai 2en k4uklwj t6o KBOS tetr4apleuron. -Ka6i 2epe6i me4izwn 2est6in 3h KB t5h@ XF, 24ish d6e 3h XF t5hj SO, me4izwn 24ara 3h KB t5h@ SO. 24ish d6e 3h KB 3ekat4eraj t5wn KS, BO: ka6i 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn KS, BO t5h@ SO me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i 2epe6i 2en k4uklwj tetr4apleur4on 2esti t6o KBOS, ka6i 24isai a3i KB, BO, KS, ka6i 2el4attwn 3h OS, ka6i 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u k4uklou 2est6in 3h BY, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ KB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BY me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u K 2ep6i t6hn BF k4aqeto@ 3h KW. ^+^ ka6i 2epe6i 3h BD t5h@ DW 2el4attwn 2est6in 26h dipl5h, ka4i 2estin 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn DW, o34utw@ t6o 3up6o t5wn DB, BW pr6o@ t6o 3up6o <22> DW, WB, 2anagrafom4enou 2ap6o t5h@ BW tetrag4wnou ka6i sumplhroum4enou to5u 2ep6i t5h@ WD parallhlogr4ammou ka6i t6o 3up6o DB, BW 24ara to5u 3up6o DW, WB 24elatt4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. ka4i 2esti t5h@ KD 2epizeugnum4enh@ t6o m6en 3up6o DB, BW 24ison t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ BK, t6o d6e 3up6o t5wn DW, WB 24ison t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ KW: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ KB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KW 24elass4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. 2all6a t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BY me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion: me5izon 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KW to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BY. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h BA t5hj KA, 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AK. ka4i 2esti t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ BA 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn BY, YA, t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ KA 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn KW, WA: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn BY, YA 24isa 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn KW, WA, 35wn t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KW me5izon to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BY: loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ WA 24elass4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ YA. me4izwn 24ara 3h AY t5h@ AW: poll5wj 24ara 3h AY me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ AH. ka4i 2estin 3h m6en AY 2ep6i m4ian to5u polu4edrou b4asin, ^+^ 3h d6e AH 2ep6i t6hn t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ 2epif4aneian: 34wste t6o pol4uedron o2u ya4usei t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian. $-^P195^-^L11^ <3<####PBVq####-----<00> ###12AP### ##17A## <00> -Deikt4eon d6h ka6i 3et4erw@ proxeir4oteron, 34oti me4izwn 2est6in 3h AY t5h@ AH. 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u H t5hj AH pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h HAA, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h AAA. t4emnonte@ d6h t6hn EB perif4ereian d4ixa ka6i t6hn 3hm4iseian a2ut5h@ d4ixa ka6i to5uto 2ae6i poio5unte@ katale4iyom4en tina perif4ereian, 34h 2estin 2el4asswn t5h@ 3upoteinom4enh@ to5u BGDE k4uklou perifere4ia@ 3up6o t5h@ 24ish@ t5hj HAA. lele4ifqw ka6i 24estw 3h KB perif4ereia. 2el4asswn 24ara ka6i 3h KB e2uqe5ia t5h@ HAA. ka6i 2epe6i 2en k4uklwj 2est6i t6o BKSO tetr4apleuron, ka4i e2isin 24isai a3i ^+^ OB, BK, KS, ka6i 2el4attwn 3h OS, 2amble5ia 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o BYK gwn4ia. me4izwn 24ara 3h KB t5h@ BY. 2all6a t5h@ KB me4izwn 2est6in 3h HAA: poll5wj 24ara 3h HAA me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ BY: me5izon 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HAA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BY. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AAA t5hj AB, 24ison ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AAA t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AB. 2all6a t5wj m6en 2ap6o t5h@ AAA 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn AH, HAA, t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AB 24isa t6a 2ap6o t5wn BY, YA: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AH, HAA 24isa to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn BY, YA, 35wn t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BY 24elatt4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ HAA: loip6on 24ara t6o 2ap6o YA me5iz4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AH: me4izwn 24ara 3h AY t5h@ AH.>3> $-^P133^-^L4^ ####*XII#### ###PROP### -D4uo 24ara sfair5wn per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron o2us5wn e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran stere6on pol4uedron 2egg4egraptai m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian: 34oper 24edei poi5hsai. ##17^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2E6an d6e ka6i e2i@ 3et4eran sfa5iran t5wj 2en t5hj BGDE sfa4iraj stere5wj polu4edrwj 34omoion stere6on pol4uedron 2eggraf5hj, t6o 2en t5hj BGDE sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj 3et4eraj sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei, 24hper 3h t5h@ BGDE sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ pr6o@ t6hn t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@ di4ametron. diaireq4entwn g6ar t5wn stere5wn e2i@ t6a@ 3omoioplhqe5i@ ka6i 3omoiotage5i@ puram4ida@ 24esontai a3i puram4ide@ 34omoiai. a3i d6e 34omoiai puram4ide@ pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 3omol4ogwn pleur5wn: 3h 24ara puram4i@, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o KBOS tetr4apleuron, koruf6h d6e t6o A shme5ion, pr6o@ t6hn 2en t5hj 3et4eraj sfa4iraj 3omoiotag5h puram4ida triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei, 24hper 3h 3om4ologo@ pleur6a pr6o@ t6hn 3om4ologon pleur4an, tout4estin 24hper 3h AB 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ per6i k4entron t6o A pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@. 3omo4iw@ ka6i 3ek4asth puram6i@ t5wn 2en t5hj per6i k4entron t6o A sfa4iraj pr6o@ 3ek4asthn 3omotag5h puram4ida t5wn 2en t5hj 3et4eraj sfa4iraj triplas4iona l4ogon 34ecei, 24hper 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou ^+^ t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@. ka6i 3w@ 36en t5wn 3hgoum4enwn pr6o@ 36en t5wn 3epom4enwn, o34utw@ 34apanta t6a 3hgo4umena pr6o@ 34apanta t6a 3ep4omena: 34wste 34olon t6o 2en t5hj per6i k4entron t6o A sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron pr6o@ 34olon t6o 2en t5hj 3et4eraj <22> stere6on pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 34ecei, 24hper 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@, tout4estin 24hper 3h BD di4ametro@ pr6o@ t6hn t5h@ 3et4era@ sfa4ira@ di4ametron: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##18##-------ih41 -A3i sfa5irai pr6o@ 2all4hla@ 2en triplas4ioni l4ogwj e2is6i t5wn 2id4iwn diam4etrwn. -Neno4hsqwsan sfa5irai a3i ABG, DEZ, di4ametroi d6e a2ut5wn a3i BG, EZ: l4egw, 34oti 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. ^+^ -E2i g6ar m6h 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ, 34ecei 24ara 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 26h pr6o@ me4izona 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 2ex4etw pr4oteron pr6o@ 2el4assona t6hn HQK, ka6i neno4hsqw 3h DEZ t5hj HQK per6i t6o a2ut6o k4entron, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6hn me4izona sfa5iran t6hn DEZ stere6on pol4uedron m6h ya5uon t5h@ 2el4assono@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ HQK kat6a t6hn 2epif4aneian, 2eggegr4afqw d6e ka6i e2i@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran t5wj 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stere5wj polu4edrwj 34omoion stere6on pol4uedron: t6o 24ara 2en t5hj ABG stere6on pol4uedron pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj DEZ stere6on pol4uedron triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 24exei d6e ka6i 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn HQK sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn HQK sfa5iran, o34utw@ t6o 2en t5hj ABG sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron: 2enall6ac <2<24ara>2> 3w@ 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6o 2en a2ut5hj pol4uedron, o34utw@ 3h HQK sfa5ira pr6o@ t6o 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj stere6on pol4uedron. me4izwn d6e 3h ABG sfa5ira to5u 2en a2ut5hj polu4edrou: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h HQK sfa5ira to5u 2en t5hj DEZ sfa4iraj polu4edrou. 2all6a ka6i 2el4attwn: 2emperi4exetai g6ar 3up' a2uto5u. o2uk 24ara 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4assona t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG di4ametro@ pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 3h DEZ sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4assona t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn BG. ^+^ -L4egw d4h, 34oti o2ud6e 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ me4izon4a tina t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. -E2i g6ar dunat4on, 2ex4etw pr6o@ me4izona t6hn LMN: 2an4apalin 24ara 3h LMN sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ di4ametro@ pr6o@ t6hn BG di4ametron. 3w@ d6e 3h LMN sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn ABG sfa5iran, o34utw@ 3h DEZ sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@, 2epeid4hper me4izwn 2est6in 3h LMN t5h@ DEZ, 3w@ 24emprosqen 2ede4ixqh. ka6i 3h DEZ 24ara sfa5ira pr6o@ 2el4asson4a tina t5h@ ABG sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h EZ pr6o@ t6hn BG: 34oper 2ad4unaton 2ede4ixqh. o2uk 24ara 3h ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ me4izon4a tina t5h@ DEZ sfa4ira@ triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ. 2ede4ixqh d4e, 34oti o2ud6e pr6o@ 2el4assona. 3h 24ara ABG sfa5ira pr6o@ t6hn DEZ sfa5iran triplas4iona l4ogon 24exei 24hper 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn EZ: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ####XIII####-^P137^-----<00> ###PROP###-----<00> ##1##-----a41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, t6o me5izon tm5hma proslab6on t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ 34olh@ pentapl4asion d4unatai to5u 2ap6o t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ tetrag4wnou. -E2uqe5ia g6ar gramm6h 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o AG, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ t5hj GA e2uqe5ia 3h AD, ka6i ke4isqw t5h@ AB 3hm4iseia 3h AD: l4egw, 34oti pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA. -2Anagegr4afqwsan g6ar 2ap6o t5wn AB, DG tetr4agwna t6a AE, DZ, ka6i katagegr4afqw 2en t5wj DZ t6o sx5hma, ka6i di4hxqw 3h ZG 2ep6i t6o H. ka6i 2epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ABG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en 3up6o t5wn ABG t6o GE, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AG t6o ZQ: 24ison 24ara t6o GE t5wj ZQ. ^+^ ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h BA t5h@ AD, 24ish d6e 3h m6en BA t5hj KA, 3h d6e AD t5hj AQ, dipl5h 24ara ka6i 3h KA t5h@ AQ. 3w@ d6e 3h KA pr6o@ t6hn AQ, o34utw@ t6o GK pr6o@ t6o GQ: dipl4asion 24ara t6o GK to5u GQ. e2is6i d6e ka6i t6a LQ, QG dipl4asia to5u GQ. 24ison 24ara t6o KG to5i@ LQ, QG. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o GE t5wj QZ 24ison: 34olon 24ara t6o AE tetr4agwnon 24ison 2est6i t5wj MNC gn4wmoni. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h BA t5h@ AD, tetrapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD, tout4esti t6o AE to5u DQ. 24ison d6e t6o AE t5wj MNC gn4wmoni: ka6i 3o MNC 24ara gn4wmwn tetrapl4asi4o@ 2esti to5u AO: 34olon 24ara t6o DZ pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u AO. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en DZ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DG, t6o d6e AO t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DA: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ GD pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA. -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, t6o me5izon tm5hma proslab6on t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ 34olh@ pentapl4asion d4unatai to5u 2ap6o t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ tetrag4wnou: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2##-------b41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h tm4hmato@ 3eaut5h@ pentapl4asion d4unhtai, t5h@ diplas4ia@ to5u e2irhm4enou tm4hmato@ 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hma t6o loip6on m4ero@ 2est6i t5h@ 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe4ia@. E2uqe5ia g6ar gramm6h 3h AB tm4hmato@ 3eaut5h@ to5u AG pentapl4asion dun4asqw, t5h@ d6e AG dipl5h 24estw 3h GD: ^+^ l4egw, 34oti t5h@ GD 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h GB. -2Anagegr4afqw g6ar 2af' 3ekat4era@ t5wn AB, GD tetr4agwna t6a AZ, GH, ka6i katagegr4afqw 2en t5wj AZ t6o sx5hma, ka6i di4hxqw 3h BE. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG, pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o AZ to5u AQ. tetrapl4asio@ 24ara 3o MNC gn4wmwn to5u AQ. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h DG t5h@ GA, tetrapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o DG to5u 2ap6o GA, tout4esti t6o GH to5u AQ. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3o MNC gn4wmwn tetrapl4asio@ to5u AQ: 24iso@ 24ara 3o MNC gn4wmwn t5wj GH. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h DG t5h@ GA, 24ish d6e 3h m6en DG t5hj GK, 3h d6e AG t5hj GQ <22>, dipl4asion 24ara ka6i t6o KB to5u BQ. e2is6i d6e ka6i t6a LQ, QB to5u QB dipl4asia: 24ison 24ara t6o KB to5i@ LQ, QB. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 34olo@ 3o MNC gn4wmwn 34olwj t5wj GH 24iso@: ka6i loip6on 24ara t6o QZ t5wj BH 2estin 24ison. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en BH t6o 3up6o t5wn GDB: 24ish g6ar 3h GD t5hj DH: t6o d6e QZ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GB: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn GDB 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ GB. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DG pr6o@ t6hn GB, o34utw@ 3h GB pr6o@ t6hn BD. me4izwn d6e 3h DG ^+^ t5h@ GB: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h GB t5h@ BD. t5h@ GD 24ara e2uqe4ia@ 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h GB. -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia gramm6h tm4hmato@ 3eaut5h@ pentapl4asion d4unhtai, t5h@ diplas4ia@ to5u e2irhm4enou tm4hmato@ 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hma t6o loip6on m4ero@ 2est6i t5h@ 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe4ia@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2L##-----L5hmma -34Oti d6e 3h dipl5h t5h@ AG me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ BG, o34utw@ deikt4eon. -E2i g6ar m4h, 24estw, e2i dunat4on, 3h BG dipl5h t5h@ GA. tetrapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GA: pentapl4asia 24ara t6a 2ap6o t5wn BG, GA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GA. 3up4okeitai d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA pentapl4asion to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GA: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ BA 24ison 2est6i to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn BG, GA: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2uk 24ara 3h GB diplas4ia 2est6i t5h@ AG. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti o2ud6e 3h 2el4attwn t5h@ GB diplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ GA: poll5wj g6ar <22> t6o 24atopon. -3H 24ara t5h@ AG dipl5h me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ GB: 34oper ^-^ 24edei de5icai. ##3##-------g41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, t6o 24elasson tm5hma proslab6on t6hn 3hm4iseian to5u me4izono@ tm4hmato@ pentapl4asion d4unatai to5u 2ap6o t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ to5u me4izono@ tm4hmato@ tetrag4wnou. ^+^ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o AG, ka6i tetm4hsqw 3h AG d4ixa kat6a t6o D: l4egw, 34oti pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DG. -2Anagegr4afqw g6ar 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetr4agwnon t6o AE, ka6i katagegr4afqw diplo5un t6o sx5hma. 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AG t5h@ DG, tetrapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DG, tout4esti t6o RS to5u ZH. ka6i 2epe6i t6o 3up6o t5wn ABG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG, ka4i 2esti t6o 3up6o t5wn ABG t6o GE, t6o 24ara GE 24ison 2est6i t5wj RS. tetrapl4asion d6e t6o RS to5u ZH: tetrapl4asion 24ara ka6i t6o GE to5u ZH. p4alin 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AD t5hj DG, 24ish 2est6i ka6i 3h QK t5hj KZ. 34wste ka6i t6o HZ tetr4agwnon 24ison 2est6i t5wj QL tetrag4wnwj. 24ish 24ara 3h HK t5hj KL, tout4estin 3h MN t5hj NE: 34wste ka6i t6o MZ t5wj ZE 2estin 24ison. 2all6a t6o MZ t5wj GH 2estin 24ison: ka6i t6o GH 24ara t5wj ZE 2estin 24ison. koin6on proske4isqw t6o GN: 3o 24ara COP gn4wmwn 24iso@ 2est6i t5wj GE. 2all6a t6o GE tetrapl4asion 2ede4ixqh to5u HZ: ka6i 3o COP 24ara gn4wmwn tetrapl4asi4o@ 2esti to5u ZH tetrag4wnou. 3o COP 24ara gn4wmwn ka6i t6o ZH tetr4agwnon pentapl4asi4o@ ^+^ 2esti to5u ZH. 2all6a 3o COP gn4wmwn ka6i t6o ZH tetr4agwn4on 2esti t6o DN. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en DN t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB, t6o d6e HZ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DG. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ DB pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##4##-------d41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, t6o 2ap6o t5h@ 34olh@ ka6i to5u 2el4assono@ tm4hmato@, t6a sunamf4otera tetr4agwna, tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o to5u me4izono@ tm4hmato@ tetrag4wnou. -24Estw e2uqe5ia 3h AB, ka6i tetm4hsqw 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o AG: l4egw, 34oti t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GA. -2Anagegr4afqw g6ar 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetr4agwnon t6o ADEB, ka6i katagegr4afqw t6o sx5hma. 2epe6i o25un 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AG, t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ABG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en 3up6o t5wn ABG t6o AK, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AG t6o QH: 24ison 24ara 2est6i t6o AK t5wj QH. ka6i 2epe6i 24ison 2est6i t6o AZ t5wj ZE, koin6on proske4isqw t6o GK: 34olon 24ara t6o AK 34olwj t5wj GE 2estin 24ison: t6a 24ara AK, GE to5u AK ^+^ 2esti dipl4asia. 2all6a t6a AK, GE 3o LMN gn4wmwn 2est6i ka6i t6o GK tetr4agwnon: 3o 24ara LMN gn4wmwn ka6i t6o GK tetr4agwnon dipl4asi4a 2esti to5u AK. 2all6a m6hn ka6i t6o AK t5wj QH 2ede4ixqh 24ison: 3o 24ara LMN gn4wmwn ka6i <22> t6a GK, QH tetr4agwna tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u QH tetrag4wnou. ka4i 2estin 3o <22> LMN gn4wmwn ka6i t6a GK, QH tetr4agwna 34olon t6o AE ka6i t6o GK, 34aper 2est6i t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tetr4agwna, t6o d6e HQ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG tetr4agwnon. t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tetr4agwna tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG tetrag4wnou: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##5##-------e41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, ka6i prosteq5hj a2ut5hj 24ish t5wj me4izoni tm4hmati, 3h 34olh e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe5ia. -E2uqe5ia g6ar gramm6h 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma 3h AG, ka6i t5hj AG 24ish <22> 3h AD. l4egw, 34oti 3h DB e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe5ia 3h AB. -2Anagegr4afqw g6ar 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetr4agwnon t6o AE, ka6i katagegr4afqw t6o sx5hma. 2epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson ^+^ l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, t6o 24ara 3up6o ABG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o AG. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en 3up6o ABG t6o GE, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AG t6o GQ: 24ison 24ara t6o GE t5wj QG. 2all6a t5wj m6en GE 24ison 2est6i t6o QE, t5wj d6e QG 24ison t6o DQ: ka6i t6o DQ 24ara 24ison 2est6i t5wj QE <22>. 34olon 24ara t6o DK 34olwj t5wj AE 2estin 24ison. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en DK t6o 3up6o t5wn BD, DA: 24ish g6ar 3h AD t5hj DL: t6o d6e AE t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn BDA 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AB. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD. me4izwn d6e 3h DB t5h@ BA: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h BA t5h@ AD. -3H 24ara DB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AB: 34oper 24edei de5icai. $-^P196^-^L11^ <3<####***q####-----<00> ###13AP### ##6##-----<00> -2E6an 3rht6h e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, ^-^ 3ek4ateron t5wn tmhm4atwn 2apotom4h 2esti. 3rht6h g6ar 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion. s4ummetron tm5hm4a 2esti t6o AG. l4egw, 34oti 3ekat4era t5wn AG, GB 2apotom4h 2esti. ke4isqw t5h@ AB 3hm4iseia 3h AD. 3rht6h d6e 3h AB: 3rht6h 24ara ka6i 3h AD. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA, 3rht6on d6e t6o 2ap6o t5wn DA, ^+^ 3rht6on 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5wn DG. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5wn DG pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5wn DA l4ogon o2uk 24exei, 36on tetr4agwno@ 2ariqm6o@ pr6o@ tetr4agwnon 2ariqm4on, 2all' 36on m6en 2ariqm6o@ pr6o@ 2ariqm4on. 2as4ummetro@ 24ara 2est6in 3h DT t5hj DA m4hkei. ka4i 2esti 3rht6h 3ekat4era: a3i GD, DA 24ara 3rhta4i e2isi dun4amei m4onon s4ummetroi. 2apotom6h 24ara 2est6in 3h AG. 3rht6h d6e 3h AB, ka6i t5wj 2ap6o t5wn AG 24ison par6a t6hn AB parab4eblhtai t6o 3up6o t5wn AB, BG. t6o d6e a41 2apotom6hn par6a 3rht6hn paraball4omenon pl4ato@ poie5i 2apotom6hn pr4wthn. 2apotom6h 24ara ka6i 3h GB. 3ekat4era 3o 24ara t6on AG, GB 2apotom4h 2estin. 2e6an 24ara 3rht6h e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, 3ek4ateron t5wn tmhm4atwn 2apotom4h 2estin.>3> $-^P144^-^L19^ ####XIII#### ###PROP### ##6##-------@t41 -2E6an e2uqe5ia 3rht6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, 3ek4ateron t5wn tmhm4atwn 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apo* tom4h. ^+^ -24Estw e2uqe5ia 3rht6h 3h AB ka6i tetm4hsqw 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma 3h AG: l4egw, 34oti 3ekat4era t5wn AG, GB 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apotom4h. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3h BA, ka6i ke4isqw t5h@ BA 3hm4iseia 3h AD. 2epe6i o25un e2uqe5ia 3h AB t4etmhtai 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon kat6a t6o G, ka6i t5wj me4izoni tm4hmati t5wj AG pr4oskeitai 3h AD 3hm4iseia o25usa t5h@ AB, t6o 24ara 2ap6o GD to5u 2ap6o DA pentapl4asi4on 2estin. t6o 24ara 2ap6o GD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o DA l4ogon 24exei, 36on 2ariqm6o@ pr6o@ 2ariqm4on: s4ummetron 24ara t6o 2ap6o GD t5wj 2ap6o DA. 3rht6on d6e t6o 2ap6o DA: 3rht6h g6ar <2<2estin>2> 3h DA 3hm4iseia o25usa t5h@ AB 3rht5h@ o24ush@: 3rht6on 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o GD: 3rht6h 24ara 2est6i ka6i 3h GD. ka6i 2epe6i t6o 2ap6o GD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o DA l4ogon o2uk 24exei, 36on tetr4agwno@ 2ariqm6o@ pr6o@ tetr4agwnon 2ariqm4on, 2as4ummetro@ 24ara m4hkei 3h GD t5hj DA: a3i GD, DA 24ara 3rhta4i e2isi dun4amei m4onon s4ummetroi: 2apotom6h 24ara 2est6in 3h AG. p4alin, 2epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AG, t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG t5wj 2ap6o AG 24ison 2est4in. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AG 2apotom5h@ par6a t6hn AB 3rht6hn parablhq6en pl4ato@ poie5i t6hn BG. t6o d6e 2ap6o 2apotom5h@ par6a 3rht6hn paraball4omenon pl4ato@ poie5i 2apotom6hn pr4wthn: 2apotom6h 24ara pr4wth 2est6in 3h GB. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3h GA 2apotom4h. ^+^ -2E6an 24ara e2uqe5ia 3rht6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, 3ek4ateron t5wn tmhm4atwn 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apotom4h: 34oper 24edei de5icai. $-^P197^-^L13^ <3<####*Pqb####-----<00> ###13AP### ##5A##-----<00> -----24Allw@ -2E6an e2uqe5ia gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, 24estai 3w@ sunamf4otero@ 3h 34olh ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hma pr6o@ t6hn 34olhn, o34utw@ 3h 34olh pr6o@ t6o me5izon tm5hma. -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o AG: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ sunamf4otero@ 3h BAG pr6o@ AB, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ AG. -Ke4isqw g6ar t5hj AG 24ish 3h AD: l4egw, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG. 2epe6i g6ar 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, ka6i me5izon tm5hm4a 2esti t6o AG, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB. 24ish d6e 3h AG t5hj DA: ^+^ 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ AD, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ GB: 2an4apalin 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h DA pr6o@ t6hn AB, o34utw@ 3h BG pr6o@ t6hn GA: sunq4enti 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ AG. 24ish d4e 2estin 3h DA t5hj AG: 24estin 24ara 3w@ sunamf4otero@ 3h BAG pr6o@ t6hn AB, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ AG. ka6i 2epe6i d4edeiktai 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ AG, 24ish d6e 3h GA t5hj DA, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD. ka6i 3h DB 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe5ia 3h AB: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ####PBb&####-----<00> ###13AP### ##A&SYN##-T4i 2estin 2an4alusi@ ka6i t4i 2esti s4unqesi@. -2An4alusi@ m6en o25un 2esti l5hyi@ to5u zhtoum4enou 3w@ 3omologoum4enou di6a t5wn 2akolo4uqwn 2ep4i ti 2alhq6e@ 3omologo4umenon. -S4unqesi@ d6e l5hyi@ to5u 3omologoum4enou di6a t5wn 2akolo4uqwn 2ep4i ti 2alhq6e@ 3omologo4umenon. ^+^ ##1A&S##-----To5u a41 qewr4hmato@ 3h 2an4alusi@ ka6i 3h s4unqesi@ 24aneu -----katagraf5h@ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma 3h AG, ka6i t5hj 3hmise4iaj t5h@ AB 24ish ke4isqw 3h AD: l4egw, 34oti pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD. -2Epe6i g6ar pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ GD 2esti t6a 2ap6o t5wn GA, AD met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn GA, AD, t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn GA, AD met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn GA, AD pentapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o AD: diel4onti 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GA met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn GA, AD tetrapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o AD. 2all6a t5wj m6en d6i@ 3up6o t5wn GA, AD 24ison 2est6i t6o 3up6o t5wn BA, AG: dipl5h g6ar 3h BA t5h@ AD: t5wj d6e 2ap6o t5h@ AG 24ison 2est6i t6o 3up6o t5wn AB, BG: 3h g6ar AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn BA, AG met6a to5u 3up6o AB, BG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD. 2all6a t6o 3up6o t5wn BA, AG met6a to5u 3up6o t5wn AB, BG t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB 2estin. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AD. 24esti d4e: dipl5h g4ar 2estin 3h AB t5h@ AD. -----S4unqesi@ -2Epe6i o25un tetrapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD, 2all6a t6o 2ap6o BA t6o 3up6o BA, AG 2esti met6a to5u ^+^ 3up6o AB, BG, t6o 24ara 3up6o BA, AG met6a to5u 3up6o AB, BG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AD. 2all6a t6o m6en 3up6o t5wn BA, AG 24ison 2est6i t5wj d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG, t6o d6e 3up6o t5wn AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AG met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA: 34wste t6a 2ap6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG pentapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA. t6a d6e 2ap6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD 2estin. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ GD pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##2A&S##-----To5u b41 qewr4hmato@ 3h 2an4alusi@ ka6i 3h s4unqesi@ -----24aneu katagraf5h@ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h GD tm4hmato@ 3eaut5h@ to5u DA pentapl4asion dun4asqw, t5h@ d6e DA dipl5h ke4isqw 3h AB: l4egw, 34oti 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G shme5ion, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AG, 34hti@ 2est6i t6o loip6on m4ero@ t5h@ 2ec 2arx5h@ e2uqe4ia@. -2Epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AG, t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ABG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o 3up6o t5wn BAG t5wj d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG 24ison: dipl5h g4ar 2estin 3h BA t5h@ AD: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn AB, BG met6a to5u 3up6o t5wn BA, AG, 34oper 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB, 24ison 2est6i t5wj d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG. tetrapl4asion d6e t6o ^+^ 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA: tetrapl4asion 24ara ka6i t6o d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u 2ap6o AG to5u 2ap6o AD: 34wste t6a 2ap6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG, 34oper 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD, pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA. 24esti d4e. -----S4unqesi@ -2Epe6i o25un pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DA, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ GD t6a 2ap6o t5wn DA, AG 2esti met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG, t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG pentapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o DA. diel4onti t6o d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG met6a to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD: 24esti d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB tetrapl4asion to5u 2ap6o AD: t6o 24ara d6i@ 3up6o t5wn DA, AG, 34oper 2est6i t6o 34apac 3up6o t5wn BA, AG, met6a to5u 2ap6o AG, 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AB. 2all6a t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB t6o 3up6o AB, BG 2esti met6a to5u 3up6o BA, AG: t6o 24ara 3up6o BA, AG met6a to5u 3up6o AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 3up6o BA, AG met6a to5u 2ap6o AG: ka6i koino5u 2afaireq4ento@ to5u 3up6o BA, AG, loip6on 24ara t6o 3up6o AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o AG: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB. me4izwn d6e 3h BA t5h@ AG: me4izwn 24ara ka6i ^+^ 3h AG t5h@ GB: 3h AB 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##3A&S##-----To5u g41 qewr4hmato@ 3h 2an4alusi@ ka6i 3h s4unqesi@ -E2uqe5ia g6ar gramm6h 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma 3h AG, ka6i t5h@ AG 3hm4iseia 3h GD: l4egw, 34oti pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GD. -2Epe6i g6ar pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GD, t6o d6e 2ap6o t5h@ DB t6o 3up6o t5wn AB, BG 2esti met6a to5u 2ap6o DG, t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG met6a to5u 2ap6o DG, pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o DG: diel4onti t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o DG. t5wj d6e 3up6o AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG: 3h g6ar AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o DG. 24esti d4e: dipl5h g6ar 3h AG t5h@ DG. -----3H s4unqesi@ -2Epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AG t5h@ DG, tetrapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o AG to5u 2ap6o DG. 2all6a t5wj 2ap6o AG 24ison 2est6i t6o 3up6o AB, BG: t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o DG. sunq4enti t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG met6a to5u 2ap6o DG, 34oper 2est6i t6o 2ap6o DB, pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o DG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##4A&S##-----To5u d41 qewr4hmato@ 3h 2an4alusi@ ka6i 3h s4unqesi@ -E2uqe5ia g6ar gramm6h 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o AG: l4egw, 34oti t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG. -2Epe6i g6ar t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG, 2all6a t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG t6o d6i@ 3up6o t5wn AB, BG 2esti met6a to5u 2ap6o AG, t6o 24ara d6i@ 3up6o t5wn AB, BG met6a to5u 2ap6o AG tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG: diel4onti t6o 24ara d6i@ 3up6o AB, BG dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG: 34wste t6o 3up6o t5wn AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AG. 24esti d4e: 3h g6ar AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G. -----3H s4unqesi@ -2Epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, ka6i 2esti me5izon tm5hma 3h AG, t6o 24ara 3up6o AB, BG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o AG: t6o 24ara d6i@ 3up6o AB, BG dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG: sunq4enti t6o 24ara d6i@ 3up6o t5wn AB, BG met6a to5u 2ap6o AG tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG. 2all6a t6o d6i@ 3up6o t5wn AB, BG met6a to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AG t6a 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG 2esti tetr4agwna: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AB, BG tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o AG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##5A&S##-----To5u e41 qewr4hmato@ 3h 2an4alusi@ ka6i 3h s4unqesi@ -E2uqe5ia g4ar ti@ 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma 3h AG, ka6i t5hj AG 24ish ke4isqw 3h AD: l4egw, 34oti 3h DB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AB. -2Epe6i g6ar 3h DB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AB, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD. 24ish d6e 3h AD t5hj AG: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG: 2anastr4eyanti 24ara 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn DA, o34utw@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG: diel4onti 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB. 24ish d6e 3h AD t5hj AG: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB. 24esti d4e: 3h g6ar AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G. -----3H s4unqesi@ -2Epe6i 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o G, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB. 24ish d6e 3h AG t5hj AD: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD, o34utw@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GB: sunq4enti 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn DA, o34utw@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG: 2anastr4eyanti 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG. 24ish d6e 3h AG t5hj AD: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ BA, o34utw@ 3h BA pr6o@ AD. 3h 24ara DB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o A, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h AB: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^>3> $-^P146^-^L4^ ####XIII#### ###PROP### ##7##-------z41 -2E6an pentag4wnou 2isople4urou a3i tre5i@ gwn4iai 24htoi a3i kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ 26h a3i m6h kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ 24isai 25wsin, 2isog4wnion 24estai t6o pent4agwnon. -Pentag4wnou g6ar 2isople4urou to5u ABGDE a3i tre5i@ gwn4iai pr4oteron a3i kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ a3i pr6o@ to5i@ A, B, G 24isai 2all4hlai@ 24estwsan: l4egw, 34oti 2isog4wni4on 2esti t6o ABGDE pent4agwnon. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i AG, BE, ZD. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i GB, BA dus6i ta5i@ BA, AE 24isai e2is6in 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o GBA gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o BAE 2estin 24ish, b4asi@ 24ara 3h AG b4asei t5hj BE 2estin 24ish, ka6i t6o ABG tr4igwnon t5wj ABE trig4wnwj 24ison, ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@ 24isai 24esontai, 3uf' 36a@ a3i 24isai pleura6i ^-^ 3upote4inousin, 3h m6en 3up6o BGA t5hj 3up6o BEA, 3h d6e 3up6o ABE t5hj 3up6o GAB: 34wste ka6i pleur6a 3h AZ pleur5aj t5hj BZ 2estin 24ish. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 34olh 3h AG 34olhj t5hj BE 24ish: ka6i loip6h 24ara 3h ZG loip5hj t5hj ZE 2estin 24ish. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h GD t5hj DE 24ish. d4uo d6h a3i ZG, GD dus6i ta5i@ ZE, ED 24isai e2is4in: ka6i b4asi@ a2ut5wn koin6h 3h ZD: gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o ZDG gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o ZED 2estin 24ish. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o ^+^ BGA t5hj 3up6o AEB 24ish: ka6i 34olh 24ara 3h 3up6o BGD 34olhj t5hj 3up6o AED 24ish. 2all' 3h 3up6o BGD 24ish 3up4okeitai ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, B gwn4iai@: ka6i 3h 3up6o AED 24ara ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, B gwn4iai@ 24ish 2est4in. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h 3up6o GDE gwn4ia 24ish 2est6i ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, B, G gwn4iai@: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABGDE pent4agwnon. -2All6a d6h m6h 24estwsan 24isai a3i kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ gwn4iai, 2all' 24estwsan 24isai a3i pr6o@ to5i@ A, G, D shme4ioi@: l4egw, 34oti ka6i o34utw@ 2isog4wni4on 2esti t6o ABGDE pen* t4agwnon. -2Epeze4uxqw g6ar 3h BD. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i BA, AE ^-^ dus6i ta5i@ BG, GD 24isai e2is6i ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h BE b4asei t5hj BD 24ish 2est4in, ka6i t6o ABE tr4igwnon t5wj BGD trig4wnwj 24ison 2est4in, ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@ 24isai 24esontai, 3uf' 36a@ a3i 24isai pleura6i ^-^ 3upote4inousin: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o AEB gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o GDB. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o BED gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o BDE 24ish, 2epe6i ka6i pleur6a 3h BE pleur5aj t5hj BD 2estin 24ish. ka6i 34olh 24ara 3h 3up6o AED gwn4ia 34olhj t5hj 3up6o GDE 2estin 24ish. 2all6a 3h 3up6o GDE ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, G gwn4iai@ 3up4okeitai 24ish: ka6i 3h 3up6o AED 24ara gwn4ia ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, G 24ish 2est4in. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h 3up6o ABG 24ish 2est6i ta5i@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, G, D gwn4iai@. 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABGDE pent4agwnon: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##8##-------h41 -2E6an pentag4wnou 2isople4urou ka6i 2isogwn4iou t6a@ kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ d4uo gwn4ia@ 3upote4inwsin e2uqe5iai, 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4emnousin 2all4hla@, ka6i t6a me4izona a2ut5wn tm4hmata 24isa 2est6i t5hj to5u pentag4wnou pleur5aj. -Pentag4wnou g6ar 2isople4urou ka6i 2isogwn4iou to5u ABGDE d4uo gwn4ia@ t6a@ kat6a t6o 3ec5h@ t6a@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, B 3upotein4etwsan e2uqe5iai a3i AG, BE t4emnousai 2all4hla@ kat6a t6o Q shme5ion: l4egw, 34oti 3ekat4era a2ut5wn 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o Q shme5ion, ka6i t6a me4izona a2ut5wn tm4hmata 24isa 2est6i t5hj to5u pentag4wnou pleur5aj. -Perigegr4afqw g6ar per6i t6o ABGDE pent4agwnon k4uklo@ 3o ABGDE. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo e2uqe5iai a3i EA, AB dus6i ta5i@ AB, BG 24isai e2is6i ka6i gwn4ia@ 24isa@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h BE b4asei t5hj AG 24ish 2est4in, ka6i t6o ABE tr4igwnon t5wj ABG trig4wnwj 24ison 2est4in, ka6i a3i loipa6i gwn4iai ta5i@ loipa5i@ gwn4iai@ 24isai 24esontai 3ekat4era 3ekat4eraj, 3uf' 36a@ a3i 24isai pleura6i 3upote4inousin. 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h 3up6o BAG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o ABE: dipl5h 24ara 3h 3up6o AQE t5h@ 3up6o BAQ. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 3up6o EAG t5h@ 3up6o BAG dipl5h, 2epeid4hper ^+^ ka6i perif4ereia 3h EDG perifere4ia@ t5h@ GB 2esti dipl5h: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o QAE gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o AQE: 34wste ka6i 3h QE e2uqe5ia t5hj EA, tout4esti t5hj AB 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h BA e2uqe5ia t5hj AE, 24ish 2est6i ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o ABE t5hj 3up6o AEB. 2all6a 3h 3up6o ABE t5hj 3up6o BAQ 2ede4ixqh 24ish: ka6i 3h 3up6o BEA 24ara t5hj 3up6o BAQ 2estin 24ish. ka6i koin6h t5wn d4uo trig4wnwn to5u te ABE ka6i to5u ABQ 2estin 3h 3up6o ABE: loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o BAE gwn4ia loip5hj t5hj 3up6o AQB 2estin 24ish: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABE tr4igwnon t5wj ABQ trig4wnwj: 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h EB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BQ. 24ish d6e 3h BA t5hj EQ: 3w@ 24ara 3h BE pr6o@ t6hn EQ, o34utw@ 3h EQ pr6o@ t6hn QB. me4izwn d6e 3h BE t5h@ EQ: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h EQ t5h@ QB. 3h BE 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o Q, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hma t6o QE 24ison 2est6i t5hj to5u pentag4wnou pleur5aj. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h AG 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o Q, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hma 3h GQ 24ison 2est6i t5hj to5u pentag4wnou pleur5aj: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##9##-------q41 -2E6an 3h to5u 3ecag4wnou pleur6a ka6i 3h to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on a2ut6on k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn sunteq5wsin, 3h 34olh e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h to5u 3ecag4wnou pleur4a. ^+^ -24Estw k4uklo@ 3o ABG, ka6i t5wn e2i@ t6on ABG k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn sxhm4atwn, dekag4wnou m6en 24estw pleur6a 3h BG, 3ecag4wnou d6e 3h GD, ka6i 24estwsan 2ep' e2uqe4ia@: l4egw, 34oti 3h 34olh e2uqe5ia 3h BD 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h GD. -E2il4hfqw g6ar t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou t6o E shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EB, EG, ED, ka6i di4hxqw 3h BE 2ep6i t6o A. 2epe6i dekag4wnou 2isople4urou pleur4a 2estin 3h BG, pentaplas4iwn 24ara 3h AGB perif4ereia t5h@ BG perifere4ia@: tetraplas4iwn 24ara 3h AG perif4ereia t5h@ GB. 3w@ d6e 3h AG perif4ereia pr6o@ t6hn GB, o34utw@ 3h 3up6o AEG gwn4ia pr6o@ t6hn 3up6o GEB: tetraplas4iwn 24ara 3h 3up6o AEG t5h@ 3up6o GEB. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 3h 3up6o EBG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o EGB, 3h 24ara 3up6o AEG gwn4ia diplas4ia 2est6i t5h@ 3up6o EGB. ka6i ^+^ 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h EG e2uqe5ia t5hj GD: 3ekat4era g6ar a2ut5wn 24ish 2est6i t5hj to5u 3ecag4wnou pleur5aj to5u e2i@ t6on ABG k4uklon <2<2eggrafom4enou>2>: 24ish 2est6i ka6i 3h 3up6o GED gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o GDE gwn4iaj: diplas4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o EGB gwn4ia t5h@ 3up6o EDG. 2all6a t5h@ 3up6o EGB diplas4ia 2ede4ixqh 3h 3up6o AEG: tetraplas4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o AEG t5h@ 3up6o EDG. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t5h@ 3up6o BEG tetraplas4ia 3h 3up6o AEG: 24ish 24ara 3h 3up6o EDG t5hj 3up6o BEG. koin6h d6e t5wn d4uo trig4wnwn, to5u te BEG ka6i to5u BED, 3h 3up6o EBD gwn4ia: ka6i loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o BED t5hj 3up6o EGB 2estin 24ish: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o EBD tr4igwnon t5wj EBG trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BE, o34utw@ 3h EB pr6o@ t6hn BG. 24ish d6e 3h EB t5hj GD. 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h BD pr6o@ t6hn DG, o34utw@ 3h DG pr6o@ t6hn GB. me4izwn d6e 3h BD t5h@ DG: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h DG t5h@ GB. 3h BD 24ara e2uqe5ia 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai <22>, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hma a2ut5h@ 2estin 3h DG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##10##-------i41 -2E6an e2i@ k4uklon pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggraf5hj, 3h to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a d4unatai t4hn te to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i t6hn to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on a2ut6on k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn. ^+^ -24Estw k4uklo@ 3o ABGDE, ka6i e2i@ t6on ABGDE k4uklon pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggegr4afqw t6o ABGDE. l4egw, 34oti 3h to5u ABGDE pentag4wnou pleur6a d4unatai t4hn te to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i t6hn to5u dekag4wnou pleur6an t5wn e2i@ t6on ABGDE k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn. -E2il4hfqw g6ar t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou t6o Z shme5ion, ka6i 2epizeuxqe5isa 3h AZ di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o H shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h ZB, ka6i 2ap6o to5u Z 2ep6i t6hn AB k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h ZQ, ka6i di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o K, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AK, KB, ka6i p4alin 2ap6o to5u Z 2ep6i t6hn AK k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h ZL, ka6i di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o M, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h KN. 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h ABGH perif4ereia t5hj AEDH perifere4iaj, 35wn 3h ABG t5hj AED 2estin 24ish, loip6h 24ara 3h GH perif4ereia loip5hj t5hj HD 2estin 24ish. pentag4wnou d6e 3h GD: dekag4wnou 24ara 3h GH. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h ZA t5hj ZB, ka6i k4aqeto@ 3h ZQ, 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h 3up6o AZK gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o KZB. 34wste ka6i perif4ereia 3h AK t5hj KB 2estin 24ish: dipl5h ^+^ 24ara 3h AB perif4ereia t5h@ BK perifere4ia@: dekag4wnou 24ara pleur4a 2estin 3h AK e2uqe5ia. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h AK t5h@ KM 2esti dipl5h. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AB perif4ereia t5h@ BK perifere4ia@, 24ish d6e 3h GD perif4ereia t5hj AB perifere4iaj, dipl5h 24ara ka6i 3h GD perif4ereia t5h@ BK perifere4ia@. 24esti d6e 3h GD perif4ereia ka6i t5h@ GH dipl5h: 24ish 24ara 3h GH perif4ereia t5hj BK perifere4iaj. 2all6a 3h BK t5h@ KM 2esti dipl5h, 2epe6i ka6i 3h KA: ka6i 3h GH 24ara t5h@ KM 2esti dipl5h. 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3h GB perif4ereia t5h@ BK perifere4ia@ 2est6i dipl5h: 24ish g6ar 3h GB perif4ereia t5hj BA. ka6i 34olh 24ara 3h HB perif4ereia t5h@ BM 2esti dipl5h: 34wste ka6i gwn4ia 3h 3up6o HZB gwn4ia@ t5h@ 3up6o BZM <2<2esti>2> dipl5h. 24esti d6e 3h 3up6o HZB ka6i t5h@ 3up6o ZAB dipl5h: 24ish g6ar 3h 3up6o ZAB t5hj 3up6o ABZ. ka6i 3h 3up6o BZN 24ara t5hj 3up6o ZAB 2estin 24ish. koin6h d6e t5wn d4uo trig4wnwn, to5u te ABZ ka6i to5u BZN, 3h 3up6o ABZ gwn4ia: loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o AZB loip5hj t5hj 3up6o BNZ 2estin 24ish: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o ABZ tr4igwnon t5wj BZN trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h AB e2uqe5ia pr6o@ t6hn BZ, o34utw@ 3h ZB pr6o@ t6hn BN: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ABN 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o BZ. p4alin 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AL t5hj LK, koin6h d6e ka6i pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h LN, b4asi@ 24ara 3h KN b4asei t5hj AN 2estin 24ish: ka6i gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o LKN gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o LAN 2estin 24ish. 2all6a 3h 3up6o LAN t5hj 3up6o ^+^ KBN 2estin 24ish: ka6i 3h 3up6o LKN 24ara t5hj 3up6o KBN 2estin 24ish. ka6i koin6h t5wn d4uo trig4wnwn to5u te AKB ka6i to5u AKN 3h pr6o@ t5wj A. loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o AKB loip5hj t5hj 3up6o KNA 2estin 24ish: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o KBA tr4igwnon t5wj KNA trig4wnwj. 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h BA e2uqe5ia pr6o@ t6hn AK, o34utw@ 3h KA pr6o@ t6hn AN: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn BAN 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AK. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o 3up6o t5wn ABN 24ison t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ BZ: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ABN met6a to5u 3up6o BAN, 34oper 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA, 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ BZ met6a to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AK. ka4i 2estin 3h m6en BA pentag4wnou pleur4a, 3h d6e BZ 3ecag4wnou, 3h d6e AK dekag4wnou. -3H 24ara to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a d4unatai t4hn te to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i t6hn to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on a2ut6on k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##11##-------ia41 -2E6an e2i@ k4uklon 3rht6hn 24exonta t6hn di4ametron pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggraf5hj, 3h to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4asswn. -E2i@ g6ar k4uklon t6on ABGDE 3rht6hn 24exonta t6hn di4ametron pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggegr4afqw t6o ABGDE: l4egw, 34oti 3h to5u <22> pentag4wnou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4asswn. ^+^ -E2il4hfqw g6ar t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou t6o Z shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AZ, ZB ka6i di4hxqwsan 2ep6i t6a H, Q shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h AG, ka6i ke4isqw t5h@ AZ t4etarton m4ero@ 3h ZK. 3rht6h d6e 3h AZ: 3rht6h 24ara ka6i 3h ZK. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h BZ 3rht4h: 34olh 24ara 3h BK 3rht4h 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AGH perif4ereia t5hj ADH perifere4iaj, 35wn 3h ABG t5hj AED 2estin 24ish, loip6h 24ara 3h GH loip5hj t5hj HD 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6hn AD, sun4agontai 2orqa6i a3i pr6o@ t5wj L gwn4iai, ka6i dipl5h 3h GD t5h@ GL. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i a3i pr6o@ t5wj M 2orqa4i e2isin, ka6i dipl5h 3h AG t5h@ GM. 2epe6i o25un 24ish 2est6in 3h 3up6o ALG gwn4ia t5hj 3up6o AMZ, koin6h d6e t5wn d4uo trig4wnwn to5u te AGL ka6i to5u AMZ 3h 3up6o LAG, loip6h 24ara 3h 3up6o AGL loip5hj t5hj 3up6o MZA 2estin ^+^ 24ish: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o AGL tr4igwnon t5wj AMZ trig4wnwj: 2an4alogon 24ara 2est6in 3w@ 3h AG pr6o@ GA, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ ZA: ka6i t5wn 3hgoum4enwn t6a dipl4asia: 3w@ 24ara 3h t5h@ LG dipl5h pr6o@ t6hn GA, o34utw@ 3h t5h@ MZ dipl5h pr6o@ t6hn ZA. 3w@ d6e 3h t5h@ MZ dipl5h pr6o@ t6hn ZA, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ ZA: ka6i 3w@ 24ara 3h t5h@ AG dipl5h pr6o@ t6hn GA, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ ZA. ka6i t5wn 3epom4enwn t6a 3hm4isea: 3w@ 24ara 3h t5h@ LG dipl5h pr6o@ t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ GL, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ t6o t4etarton t5h@ ZA. ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en LG dipl5h 3h DG, t5h@ d6e GA 3hm4iseia 3h GM, t5h@ d6e ZA t4etarton m4ero@ 3h ZK: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DG pr6o@ t6hn GM, o34utw@ 3h MZ pr6o@ t6hn ZK. sunq4enti ka6i 3w@ sunamf4otero@ 3h DGM pr6o@ t6hn GM, o34utw@ 3h MK pr6o@ KZ: ka6i 3w@ 24ara t6o 2ap6o sunamfot4erou t5h@ DGM pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o GM, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o MK pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o KZ. ka6i 2epe6i t5h@ 3up6o d4uo pleur6a@ to5u pentag4wnou 3upoteino4ush@, o35ion t5h@ AG, 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hma 24ison 2est6i t5hj to5u pentag4wnou pleur5aj, tout4esti t5hj DG, t6o d6e me5izon tm5hma proslab6on t6hn 3hm4iseian t5h@ 34olh@ pentapl4asion d4unatai to5u 2ap6o t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ t5h@ 34olh@, ka4i 2estin 34olh@ t5h@ AG 3hm4iseia 3h GM, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ DGM 3w@ mi5a@ pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GM. 3w@ d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DGM 3w@ mi5a@ pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GM, o34utw@ 2ede4ixqh t6o 2ap6o t5h@ MK pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KZ: pentapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ MK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ ^+^ KZ. 3rht6on d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KZ: 3rht6h g6ar 3h di4ametro@: 3rht6on 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ MK: 3rht6h 24ara 2est6in 3h MK <22>. ka6i 2epe6i tetraplas4ia 2est6in 3h BZ t5h@ ZK, pentapl4asia 24ara 2est6in 3h BK t5h@ KZ: e2ikosipentapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KZ. pentapl4asion d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ MK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KZ: pentapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KM: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ BK pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o KM l4ogon o2uk 24exei, 36on tetr4agwno@ 2ariqm6o@ pr6o@ tetr4agwnon 2ariqm4on: 2as4ummetro@ 24ara 2est6in 3h BK t5h@ KM m4hkei. ka4i 2esti 3rht6h 3ekat4era a2ut5wn. a3i BK, KM 24ara 3rhta4i e2isi dun4amei m4onon s4ummetroi. 2e6an d6e 2ap6o 3rht5h@ 3rht6h 2afaireq5hj dun4amei m4onon s4ummetro@ o25usa t5hj 34olhj, 3h loip6h 24alog4o@ 2estin 2apotom4h: 2apotom6h 24ara 2est6in 3h MB, prosarm4ozousa d6e a2ut5hj 3h MK. l4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i tet4arth. 35wj d6h me5iz4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KM, 2eke4inwj 24ison 24estw t6o 2ap6o t5h@ N: 3h BK 24ara t5h@ KM me5izon d4unatai t5hj N. ka6i 2epe6i s4ummetr4o@ 2estin 3h KZ t5hj ZB, ka6i sunq4enti s4ummetr4o@ 2estin 3h KB t5hj ZB. 2all6a 3h BZ t5hj BQ s4ummetr4o@ 2estin: ka6i 3h BK 24ara t5hj BQ s4ummetr4o@ 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KM, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ BK pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KM l4ogon 24exei, 36on e41 pr6o@ 34en. 2anastr4eyanti 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BK pr6o@ ^+^ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ N l4ogon 24exei, 36on e41 pr6o@ d41, o2ux 36on tetr4agwno@ pr6o@ tetr4agwnon: 2as4ummetro@ 24ara 2est6in 3h BK t5hj N: 3h BK 24ara t5h@ KM me5izon d4unatai t5wj 2ap6o 2asumm4etrou 3eaut5hj. 2epe6i o25un 34olh 3h BK t5h@ prosarmozo4ush@ t5h@ KM me5izon d4unatai t5wj 2ap6o 2asumm4etrou 3eaut5hj, ka6i 34olh 3h BK s4ummetr4o@ 2esti t5hj 2ekkeim4enhj 3rht5hj BQ, 2apotom6h 24ara tet4arth 2est6in 3h MB. t6o d6e 3up6o 3rht5h@ ka6i 2apotom5h@ tet4arth@ periex4omenon 2orqog4wnion 24alog4on 2estin, ka6i 3h dunam4enh a2ut6o 24alog4o@ 2estin, kale5itai d6e 2el4attwn. d4unatai d6e t6o 3up6o t5wn QBM 3h AB di6a t6o 2epizeugnum4enh@ t5h@ AQ 2isog4wnion g4inesqai t6o ABQ tr4igwnon t5wj ABM trig4wnwj ka6i e25inai 3w@ t6hn QB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ t6hn AB pr6o@ t6hn BM. -3H 24ara AB to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4attwn: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##12##-------ib41 -2E6an e2i@ k4uklon tr4igwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggraf5hj, 3h to5u trig4wnou pleur6a dun4amei triplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u k4uklou. -24Estw k4uklo@ 3o ABG, ka6i e2i@ a2ut6on tr4igwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggegr4afqw t6o ABG: l4egw, 34oti to5u ABG trig4wnou ^+^ m4ia pleur6a dun4amei triplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u ABG k4uklou. -E2il4hfqw g6ar t6o k4entron to5u ABG k4uklou t6o D, ka6i 2epizeuxqe5isa 3h AD di4hxqw 2ep6i t6o E, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h BE. ka6i 2epe6i 2is4opleur4on 2esti t6o ABG tr4igwnon, 3h BEG 24ara perif4ereia tr4iton m4ero@ 2est6i t5h@ to5u ABG k4uklou perifere4ia@. 3h 24ara BE perif4ereia 34ekton 2est6i m4ero@ t5h@ to5u k4uklou perifere4ia@: 3ecag4wnou 24ara 2est6in 3h BE e2uqe5ia: 24ish 24ara 2est6i t5hj 2ek to5u k4entrou t5hj DE. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AE t5h@ DE, tetrapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AE to5u 2ap6o t5h@ ED, tout4esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BE. 24ison d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AE to5i@ 2ap6o t5wn AB, BE: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn AB, BE tetrapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BE. diel4onti 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o BE. 24ish d6e 3h BE t5hj DE: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ AB tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DE. -3H 24ara to5u trig4wnou pleur6a dun4amei triplas4ia 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou <22>: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##13##-------ig41 -Puram4ida sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei 3hmiol4ia 2est6i t5h@ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@. ^+^ -2Ekke4isqw 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3h AB, ka6i tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G shme5ion, 34wste diplas4ian e25inai t6hn AG t5h@ GB: ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep6i t5h@ AB 3hmik4uklion t6o ADB, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u G shme4iou t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h GD, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DA: ka6i 2ekke4isqw k4uklo@ 3o EZH 24ishn 24exwn t6hn 2ek to5u k4entrou t5hj DG, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZH k4uklon tr4igwnon 2is4opleuron t6o EZH: ka6i e2il4hfqw t6o k4entron to5u k4uklou t6o Q shme5ion, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i EQ, QZ, QH: ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u Q shme4iou t5wj to5u EZH k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h QK, ka6i 2afhjr4hsqw 2ap6o t5h@ QK t5hj AG e2uqe4iaj 24ish 3h QK, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i KE, KZ, KH. ka6i 2epe6i 3h KQ 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ t6o to5u EZH k4uklou 2ep4ipedon, ka6i pr6o@ p4asa@ 24ara t6a@ 3aptom4ena@ a2ut5h@ e2uqe4ia@ ka6i o24usa@ 2en t5wj to5u EZH k4uklou 2epip4edwj 2orq6a@ poi4hsei gwn4ia@. 34aptetai d6e a2ut5h@ 3ek4asth t5wn QE, QZ, QH: 3h QK 24ara pr6o@ 3ek4asthn t5wn QE, QZ, QH 2orq4h 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h m6en AG t5hj QK, 3h d6e GD t5hj QE, ka6i 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h DA b4asei t5hj KE 2estin 24ish. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ekat4era t5wn KZ, KH t5hj DA 2estin 24ish: a3i ^+^ tre5i@ 24ara a3i KE, KZ, KH 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AG t5h@ GB, tripl5h 24ara 3h AB t5h@ BG. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DG, 3w@ 3ec5h@ deixq4hsetai. tripl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DG. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZE to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EQ tripl4asion, ka4i 2estin 24ish 3h DG t5hj EQ: 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h DA t5hj EZ. 2all6a 3h DA 3ek4asthj t5wn KE, KZ, KH 2ede4ixqh 24ish: ka6i 3ek4asth 24ara t5wn EZ, ZH, HE 3ek4asthj t5wn KE, KZ, KH 2estin 24ish: 2is4opleura 24ara 2est6i t6a t4essara tr4igwna t6a EZH, KEZ, KZH, KEH. puram6i@ 24ara sun4estatai 2ek tess4arwn trig4wnwn 2isople4urwn, 35h@ b4asi@ m4en 2esti t6o EZH tr4igwnon, koruf6h d6e t6o K shme5ion. -De5i d6h a2ut6hn ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ^-^ ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3hmiol4ia 2est6i dun4amei t5h@ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ t5hj KQ e2uqe5ia 3h QL, ka6i ke4isqw t5hj GB 24ish 3h QL. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AG pr6o@ t6hn GD, o34utw@ 3h GD pr6o@ t6hn GB, 24ish d6e 3h m6en AG t5hj KQ, 3h d6e GD t5hj QE, 3h d6e GB t5hj QL, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h KQ pr6o@ t6hn QE, o34utw@ 3h EQ pr6o@ t6hn QL: t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn KQ, QL 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ EQ. ka4i 2estin 2orq6h ^+^ 3ekat4era t5wn 3up6o KQE, EQL gwni5wn: t6o 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ KL graf4omenon 3hmik4uklion 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u E <2<2epeid4hper 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6hn EL, 2orq6h g4inetai 3h 3up6o LEK gwn4ia di6a t6o 2isog4wnion g4inesqai t6o ELK tr4igwnon 3ekat4erwj t5wn ELQ, EQK trig4wnwn>2>. 2e6an d6h meno4ush@ t5h@ KL perienexq6en t6o 3hmik4uklion e2i@ t6o a2ut6o p4alin 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, 34hcei ka6i di6a t5wn Z, H shme4iwn 2epizeugnum4enwn t5wn ZL, LH ka6i 2orq5wn 3omo4iw@ ginom4enwn t5wn pr6o@ to5i@ Z, H gwni5wn: ka6i 24estai 3h puram6i@ sfa4iraj perieilhmm4enh t5hj doqe4ishj. 3h g6ar KL t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 24ish 2est6i t5hj t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ diam4etrwj t5hj AB, 2epeid4hper t5hj m6en AG 24ish ke5itai 3h KQ, t5hj d6e GB 3h QL. -L4egw d4h, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3hmiol4ia 2est6i dun4amei t5h@ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@. -2Epe6i g6ar dipl5h 2estin 3h AG t5h@ GB, tripl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BG: 2anastr4eyanti 3hmiol4ia 24ara 2est6in 3h BA t5h@ AG. 3w@ d6e 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD <2<2epeid4hper 2epizeugnum4enh@ t5h@ DB 2estin 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD, o34utw@ 3h DA pr6o@ t6hn AG di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn DAB, DAG trig4wnwn, ka6i e25inai 3w@ t6hn pr4wthn pr6o@ t6hn tr4ithn, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ pr4wth@ pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ deut4era@>2>. 3hmi4olion 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AD. ka4i 2estin 3h m6en BA 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@, 3h d6e AD 24ish t5hj pleur5aj t5h@ pura* m4ido@ ^+^ 3H 24ara t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3hmiol4ia 2est6i t5h@ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##13^1^L^2##-----L5hmma -Deikt4eon, 34oti 2est6in 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AG. -2Ekke4isqw g6ar 3h to5u 3hmikukl4iou katagraf4h, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DB, ka6i 2anagegr4afqw 2ap6o t5h@ AG tetr4agwnon t6o EG, ka6i sumpeplhr4wsqw t6o ZB parallhl4ogrammon. 2epe6i o25un di6a t6o 2isog4wnion e25inai t6o DAB tr4igwnon t5wj DAG trig4wnwj 2est6in 3w@ 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD, o34utw@ 3h DA pr6o@ t6hn AG, t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn BA, AG 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AD. ka6i 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o EB pr6o@ t6o BZ, ka4i 2esti t6o m6en EB t6o 3up6o t5wn BA, AG: 24ish g6ar 3h EA t5hj AG: t6o d6e BZ t6o 3up6o t5wn AG, GB, 3w@ 24ara 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 3up6o t5wn BA, AB pr6o@ t6o 3up6o t5wn AG, GB. ka4i 2esti t6o m6en 3up6o t5wn BA, AG 24ison t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ AD, t6o d6e 3up6o t5wn AGB 24ison t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ DG: 3h g6ar DG k4aqeto@ t5wn t5h@ b4asew@ tmhm4atwn t5wn AG, GB m4esh 2an4alog4on 2esti di6a t6o 2orq6hn e25inai t6hn 3up6o ADB. 3w@ 24ara 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DG: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^ ##14##-------id41 -2Okt4aedron sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in, ^-^ 35hj ka6i t6a pr4otera, ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ ^-^ dun4amei diplas4ia 2est6i t5h@ pleur5a@ to5u 2okta4edrou. 2Ekke4isqw 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3h AB, ka6i tetm4hsqw d4ixa kat6a t6o G, ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep6i t5h@ AB 3hmik4uklion t6o ADB, ka6i 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u G t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h GD, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DB, ka6i 2ekke4isqw tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ 24ishn 24exon 3ek4asthn t5wn pleur5wn t5hj DB, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i QZ, EH, ka6i 2anest4atw 2ap6o to5u K shme4iou t5wj to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ e2uqe5ia 3h KL ka6i di4hxqw 2ep6i t6a 34etera m4erh to5u 2epip4edou 3w@ 3h KM, ka6i 2afhjr4hsqw 2af' 3ekat4era@ t5wn KL, KM mi5aj t5wn EK, ZK, HK, QK 24ish 3ekat4era t5wn KL, KM, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LE, LZ, LH, LQ, ME, MZ, MH, MQ. ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h KE t5hj KQ, ka4i 2estin 2orq6h 3h 3up6o EKQ gwn4ia, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ QE dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EK. p4alin, 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h LK t5hj KE, ka4i 2estin 2orq6h 3h 3up6o LKE gwn4ia, t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ EL dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o EK. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QE dipl4asion ^+^ to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EK: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ LE 24ison 2est6i t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ EQ: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h LE t5hj EQ. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h LQ t5hj QE 2estin 24ish: 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o LEQ tr4igwnon. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 34ekaston t5wn ^-^ loip5wn trig4wnwn, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isin a3i to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou pleura4i, korufa6i d6e t6a L, M shme5ia, 2is4opleur4on 2estin: 2okt4aedron 24ara sun4estatai 3up6o 2okt6w trig4wnwn 2isople4urwn periex4omenon. -De5i d6h a2ut6o ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ^-^ ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei diplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ to5u 2okta4edrou pleur5a@. -2Epe6i g6ar a3i tre5i@ a3i LK, KM, KE 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in, t6o 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ LM graf4omenon 3hmik4uklion 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u E. ka6i di6a t6a a2ut4a, 2e6an meno4ush@ t5h@ LM perienexq6en t6o 3hmik4uklion e2i@ t6o a2ut6o 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, 34hcei ka6i di6a t5wn Z, H, Q shme4iwn, ka6i 24estai sfa4iraj perieilhmm4enon t6o 2okt4aedron. l4egw d4h, 34oti ^-^ ka6i t5hj doqe4ishj. 2epe6i g6ar 24ish 2est6in 3h LK t5hj KM, koin6h d6e 3h KE, ka6i gwn4ia@ 2orq6a@ peri4exousin, b4asi@ 24ara 3h LE b4asei t5hj EM 2estin 24ish. ka6i 2epe6i 2orq4h 2estin 3h 3up6o LEM gwn4ia: 2en 3hmikukl4iwj g4ar: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ LM dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LE. p4alin, 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AG t5hj GB, diplas4ia 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BG. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD: dipl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BD. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ LM dipl4asion to5u 2ap6o t5h@ LE. ka4i 2estin 24ison t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ LE: 24ish g6ar ke5itai 3h EQ t5hj ^+^ DB. 24ison 24ara ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB t5wj 2ap6o t5h@ LM: 24ish 24ara 3h AB t5hj LM. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: 3h LM 24ara 24ish 2est6i t5hj t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ diam4etrwj. -Perie4ilhptai 24ara t6o 2okt4aedron t5hj doqe4ishj sfa4iraj. ka6i sunapod4edeiktai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei diplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ to5u 2okta4edrou pleur5a@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##15##-------ie41 -K4ubon sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in, 35hj ^-^ ka6i t6hn puram4ida, ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei triplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@. ^+^ -2Ekke4isqw 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3h AB ka6i tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G 34wste dipl5hn e25inai t6hn AG t5h@ GB, ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep6i t5h@ AB 3hmik4uklion t6o ADB, ka6i 2ap6o to5u G t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 3h GD, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DB, ka6i 2ekke4isqw tetr4agwnon t6o EZHQ 24ishn 24exon t6hn pleur6an t5hj DB, ka6i 2ap6o t5wn E, Z, H, Q t5wj to5u EZHQ tetrag4wnou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqwsan a3i EK, ZL, HM, QN, ka6i 2afhjr4hsqw 2ap6o 3ek4asth@ t5wn EK, ZL, HM, QN mi5aj t5wn EZ, ZH, HQ, QE 24ish 3ek4asth t5wn EK, ZL, HM, QN, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i KL, LM, MN, NK: k4ubo@ 24ara sun4estatai 3o ZN 3up6o 36ec tetrag4wnwn 24iswn periex4omeno@. de5i d6h a2ut6on ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ ^-^ di4ametro@ dun4amei triplas4ia 2est6i t5h@ pleur5a@ to5u k4ubou. -2Epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i KH, EH. ka6i 2epe6i 2orq4h ^-^ 2estin 3h 3up6o KEH gwn4ia di6a t6o ka6i t6hn KE 2orq6hn e25inai pr6o@ t6o EH 2ep4ipedon dhlad6h ka6i pr6o@ t6hn EH e2uqe5ian, t6o 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ KH graf4omenon 3hmik4uklion 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u E shme4iou. p4alin, 2epe6i 3h HZ 2orq4h 2esti pr6o@ 3ekat4eran t5wn ZL, ZE, ka6i pr6o@ t6o ZK 24ara 2ep4ipedon 2orq4h 2estin 3h HZ: 34wste ka6i 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6hn ZK, 3h HZ 2orq6h 24estai ka6i pr6o@ t6hn ZK: ka6i di6a to5uto p4alin t6o 2ep6i t5h@ HK graf4omenon 3hmik4uklion 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u Z. 3omo4iw@ ka6i di6a t5wn loip5wn to5u k4ubou shme4iwn 34hcei. 2e6an d6h meno4ush@ t5h@ KH perienexq6en t6o 3hmik4uklion e2i@ t6o a2ut6o 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, 24estai sfa4iraj perieilhmm4eno@ ^+^ 3o k4ubo@. l4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i t5hj doqe4ishj. 2epe6i g6ar 24ish 2est6in 3h HZ t5hj ZE, ka4i 2estin 2orq6h 3h pr6o@ t5wj Z gwn4ia t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ EH dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EZ. 24ish d6e 3h EZ t5hj EK: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ EH dipl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EK: 34wste t6a 2ap6o t5wn HE, EK, tout4esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HK, tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ EK. ka6i 2epe6i triplas4iwn 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BG, 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD, tripl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BD. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ HK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KE tripl4asion. ka6i ke5itai 24ish 3h KE t5hj DB: 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h KH t5hj AB. ka4i 2estin 3h AB t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: ka6i 3h KH 24ara 24ish 2est6i t5hj t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ diam4etrwj. -T5hj doqe4ishj 24ara sfa4iraj perie4ilhptai 3o k4ubo@: ^-^ ka6i sunapod4edeiktai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei triplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##16##-------i@t41 -E2ikos4aedron sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in, ^-^ 35hj ka6i t6a proeirhm4ena sx4hmata, ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h to5u ^-^ e2ikosa4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4attwn. -2Ekke4isqw 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3h AB ka6i tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G 34wste tetrapl5hn e25inai t6hn AG t5h@ GB, ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep6i t5h@ AB 3hmik4uklion t6o ADB, ka6i ^+^ 24hxqw 2ap6o to5u G t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ e2uqe5ia gramm6h 3h GD, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h DB, ka6i 2ekke4isqw k4uklo@ 3o EZHQK, o35u 3h 2ek to5u k4entrou 24ish 24estw t5hj DB, ka6i 2eggegr4afqw e2i@ t6on EZHQK k4uklon pent4agwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2isog4wnion t6o EZHQK, ka6i tetm4hsqwsan a3i EZ, ZH, HQ, QK, KE perif4ereiai d4ixa kat6a t6a L, M, N, C, O shme5ia, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i LM, MN, NC, CO, OL, EO. 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i ka6i t6o LMNCO pent4agwnon, ka6i dekag4wnou 3h EO e2uqe5ia. ka6i 2anest4atwsan 2ap6o t5wn E, Z, H, Q, K shme4iwn t5wj to5u k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ gwn4ia@ e2uqe5iai a3i EP, ZR, HS, QT, KU 24isai o24usai t5hj 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u EZHQK k4uklou, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i PR, RS, ST, TU UP, PL, LR, RM, MS, SN, NT, TC, CU, UO, OP. ka6i 2epe6i 3ekat4era t5wn EP, KU t5wj a2ut5wj 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h EP t5hj KU. 24esti d6e a2ut5hj ka6i 24ish. a3i d6e t6a@ 24isa@ te ka6i parall4hlou@ 2epizeugn4uousai 2ep6i t6a a2ut6a m4erh e2uqe5iai 24isai te ka6i par4allhlo4i e2isin. 3h PU 24ara t5hj EK 24ish te ka6i par4allhl4o@ 2estin. pentag4wnou d6e 2isople4urou 3h EK: pentag4wnou 24ara 2isople4urou ka6i 3h PU to5u e2i@ t6on EZHQK k4uklon 2eggrafom4enou. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3ek4asth t5wn PR, RS, ST, TU pentag4wnou 2est6in 2isople4urou to5u e2i@ t6on EZHQK k4uklon 2eggrafom4enou: 2is4opleuron 24ara t6o PRSTU pent4agwnon. ka6i 2epe6i 3ecag4wnou m4en 2estin 3h PE, dekag4wnou d6e 3h EO, ka4i 2estin 2orq6h 3h 3up6o PEO, pentag4wnou 24ara 2est6in 3h PO: ^+^ 3h g6ar to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a d4unatai t6hn te to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i t6hn to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on a2ut6on k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h OU pentag4wnou 2est6i pleur4a. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h PU pentag4wnou: 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o POU tr4igwnon. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 34ekaston t5wn PLR, RMS, SNT, TCU 2is4opleur4on 2estin. ka6i 2epe6i pentag4wnou 2ede4ixqh 3ekat4era t5wn PL, PO, 24esti d6e ka6i 3h LO pentag4wnou, 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o PLO tr4igwnon. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 34ekaston t5wn LRM, MSN, NTC, CUO trig4wnwn 2is4opleur4on 2estin. e2il4hfqw t6o k4entron to5u EZHQK k4uklou t6o F shme5ion: ka6i 2ap6o to5u F t5wj to5u k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2anest4atw 3h FW, ka6i 2ekbebl4hsqw 2ep6i t6a 34etera m4erh 3w@ 3h FY, ka6i 2afhjr4hsqw 3ecag4wnou m6en 3h FX, dekag4wnou d6e 3ekat4era t5wn FY, XW, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i PW, PX, UW, EF, LF, LY, YM. ka6i 2epe6i 3ekat4era t5wn FX, PE t5wj to5u k4uklou 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin, par4allhlo@ 24ara 2est6in 3h FX t5hj PE. e2is6i d6e ka6i 24isai: ka6i a3i EF, PX 24ara 24isai te ka6i par4allhlo4i e2isin. 3ecag4wnou d6e 3h EF: 3ecag4wnou 24ara ka6i 3h PX. ka6i 2epe6i 3ecag4wnou m4en 2estin 3h PX, dekag4wnou d6e 3h XW, ka6i 2orq4h 2estin 3h 3up6o PXW gwn4ia, pentag4wnou 24ara 2est6in 3h PW. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 3h UW pentag4wnou 2est4in, 2epeid4hper, 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6a@ FK, XU, 24isai ka6i 2apenant4ion 24esontai, ka4i 2estin 3h FK 2ek to5u k4entrou o25usa 3ecag4wnou: 3ecag4wnou 24ara ka6i 3h XU. dekag4wnou d6e 3h XW, ka6i 2orq6h 3h 3up6o ^+^ UXW: pentag4wnou 24ara 3h UW. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h PU pentag4wnou: 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o PUW tr4igwnon. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h ka6i 34ekaston t5wn loip5wn trig4wnwn, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isin a3i PR, RS, ST, TU e2uqe5iai, koruf6h d6e t6o W shme5ion, 2is4opleur4on 2esti. p4alin, 2epe6i 3ecag4wnou m6en 3h FL, dekag4wnou d6e 3h FY, ka6i 2orq4h 2estin 3h 3up6o LFY gwn4ia, pentag4wnou 24ara 2est6in 3h LY. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6hn MF o25usan 3ecag4wnou, sun4agetai ka6i 3h MY pentag4wnou. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h LM pentag4wnou: 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o LMY tr4igwnon. 3omo4iw@ d6h deixq4hsetai, 34oti ka6i 34ekaston t5wn loip5wn trig4wnwn, 35wn b4asei@ m4en e2isin a3i MN, NC, CO, OL, koruf6h d6e t6o Y shme5ion, 2is4opleur4on 2estin. sun4estatai 24ara e2ikos4aedron 3up6o e24ikosi trig4wnwn 2isople4urwn periex4omenon. -De5i d6h a2ut6o ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ^-^ ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4asswn. -2Epe6i g6ar 3ecag4wnou 2est6in 3h FX, dekag4wnou d6e 3h XW, 3h FW 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4emnhtai kat6a t6o X, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h FX: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h WF pr6o@ t6hn FX, o34utw@ 3h FX pr6o@ t6hn XW. 24ish d6e 3h m6en FX t5hj FE, 3h d6e XW t5hj FY: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h WF pr6o@ t6hn FE, o34utw@ 3h EF pr6o@ t6hn FY. ka4i e2isin 2orqa6i a3i 3up6o WFE, EFY gwn4iai: 2e6an 24ara 2epize4ucwmen t6hn EW e2uqe5ian, 2orq6h 24estai 3h 3up6o YEW gwn4ia di6a t6hn 3omoi4othta t5wn YEW, ^+^ FEW trig4wnwn. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h WF pr6o@ t6hn FX, o34utw@ 3h FX pr6o@ t6hn XW, 24ish d6e 3h m6en WF t5hj YX, 3h d6e FX t5hj XP, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h YX pr6o@ t6hn XP, o34utw@ 3h PX pr6o@ t6hn XW. ka6i di6a to5uto p4alin 2e6an 2epize4ucwmen t6hn PY, 2orq6h 24estai 3h pr6o@ t5wj P gwn4ia: t6o 24ara 2ep6i t5h@ YW graf4omenon 3hmik4uklion 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u P. ka6i 2e6an meno4ush@ t5h@ YW perienexq6en t6o 3hmik4uklion e2i@ t6o a2ut6o p4alin 2apokatastaq5hj, 34oqen 24hrcato f4eresqai, 34hcei ka6i di6a to5u P ka6i t5wn loip5wn shme4iwn to5u e2ikosa4edrou, ka6i 24estai sfa4iraj perieilhmm4enon t6o e2ikos4aedron. l4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i t5hj doqe4ishj. tetm4hsqw g6ar 3h FX d4ixa kat6a t6o AA. ^-^ ka6i 2epe6i e2uqe5ia gramm6h 3h FW 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o X, ka6i t6o 24elasson a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h WX, 3h 24ara WX proslabo5usa t6hn 3hm4iseian to5u me4izono@ tm4hmato@ t6hn XAA pentapl4asion d4unatai to5u 2ap6o t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ to5u me4izono@ tm4hmato@: pentapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ WAA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AAX. ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en WAA dipl5h 3h WY, t5h@ d6e AAX dipl5h 3h FX: pentapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ WY to5u 2ap6o t5h@ XF. ka6i 2epe6i tetrapl5h 2estin 3h AG t5h@ GB, pentapl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BG. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD: ^+^ pentapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BD. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ WY pentapl4asion to5u 2ap6o t5h@ FX. ka4i 2estin 24ish 3h DB t5hj FX: 3ekat4era g6ar a2ut5wn 24ish 2est6i t5hj 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u EZHQK k4uklou: 24ish 24ara ka6i 3h AB t5hj YW. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: ka6i 3h YW 24ara 24ish 2est6i t5hj t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ diam4etrwj. t5hj 24ara doqe4ishj sfa4iraj perie4ilhptai t6o e2ikos4aedron. -L4egw d4h, 34oti 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4attwn. 2epe6i g6ar 3rht4h 2estin 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ ^+^ di4ametro@, ka4i 2esti dun4amei pentaplas4iwn t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u EZHQK k4uklou, 3rht6h 24ara 2est6i ka6i 3h 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u EZHQK k4uklou: 34wste ka6i 3h di4ametro@ a2uto5u 3rht4h 2estin. 2e6an d6e e2i@ k4uklon 3rht6hn 24exonta t6hn di4ametron pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron 2eggraf5hj, 3h to5u pentag4wnou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4attwn. 3h d6e to5u EZHQK pentag4wnou pleur6a 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou 2est4in. 3h 24ara to5u e2ikosa4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2el4attwn. ##16^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner4on, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei pentaplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u k4uklou, 2af' o35u t6o e2ikos4aedron 2anag4egraptai, ka6i 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ s4ugkeitai 24ek te t5h@ to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i d4uo t5wn to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on a2ut6on k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn. 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##17##-------iz41 -Dwdek4aedron sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in, ^-^ 35hj ka6i t6a proeirhm4ena sx4hmata, ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h to5u ^-^ dwdeka4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apotom4h. ^+^ -2Ekke4isqwsan to5u proeirhm4enou k4ubou d4uo 2ep4ipeda pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2all4hloi@ t6a ABGD, GBEZ, ka6i tetm4hsqw 3ek4asth t5wn AB, BG, GD, DA, EZ, EB, ZG pleur5wn d4ixa kat6a t6a H, Q, K, L, M, N, C, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i HK, QL, MQ, NC, ka6i tetm4hsqw 3ek4asth t5wn NO, OC, QP 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon kat6a t6a R, S, T shme5ia, ka6i 24estw a2ut5wn me4izona tm4hmata t6a RO, OS, TP, ka6i 2anest4atwsan 2ap6o t5wn R, S, T shme4iwn to5i@ to5u k4ubou 2epip4edoi@ pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 2ep6i t6a 2ekt6o@ m4erh to5u k4ubou a3i RU, SF, TX, ka6i ke4isqwsan 24isai ta5i@ RO, OS, TP, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i UB, BX, XG, GF, FU. l4egw, 34oti t6o UBXGF pent4agwnon 2is4opleur4on te ka6i 2en 3en6i 2epip4edwj ka6i 24eti 2isog4wni4on 2estin. 2epeze4uxqwsan g6ar a3i RB, SB, FB. ka6i 2epe6i e2uqe5ia 3h NO 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o R, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h RO, t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn ON, NR tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ RO. 24ish d6e 3h m6en ON t5hj NB, 3h d6e OR t5hj RU: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn BN, NR tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ RU. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o t5wn BN, NR t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BR 2estin 24ison: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ BR tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ RU: 34wste t6a 2ap6o t5wn BR, RU tetrapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ RU. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o t5wn BR, RU 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BU: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ BU tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ UR: dipl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h BU t5h@ RU. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h FU t5h@ UR dipl5h, 2epeid4hper ^+^ ka6i 3h SR t5h@ OR, tout4esti t5h@ RU, 2esti dipl5h: 24ish 24ara 3h BU t5hj UF. 3omo4iw@ d6h deixq4hsetai, 34oti ka6i 3ek4asth t5wn BX, XG, GF 3ekat4eraj t5wn BU, UF 2estin 24ish. 2is4opleuron 24ara 2est6i t6o BUFGX pent4agwnon. l4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj. 24hxqw g6ar 2ap6o to5u O 3ekat4eraj t5wn RU, SF par4allhlo@ 2ep6i t6a 2ekt6o@ to5u k4ubou m4erh 3h OY, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i YQ, QX: l4egw, 34oti 3h YQX e2uqe5i4a 2estin. 2epe6i g6ar 3h QP 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o T, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h PT, 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h QP pr6o@ t5hn PT, o34utw@ 3h PT pr6o@ t6hn TQ. 24ish d6e 3h m6en QP t5hj QO, 3h d6e PT 3ekat4eraj t5wn TX, OY: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h QO pr6o@ t6hn OY, o34utw@ 3h XT pr6o@ t6hn TQ. ka4i 2esti par4allhlo@ 3h m6en QO t5hj TX: 3ekat4era g6ar a2ut5wn t5wj BD 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin: 3h d6e TQ t5hj OY: 3ekat4era g6ar a2ut5wn t5wj BZ 2epip4edwj pr6o@ 2orq4a@ 2estin. 2e6an d6e d4uo tr4igwna sunteq5hj kat6a m4ian gwn4ian, 3w@ t6a YOQ, QTX, t6a@ d4uo pleur6a@ ta5i@ dus6in 2an4alogon 24exonta, 34wste t6a@ 3omol4ogou@ a2ut5wn pleur6a@ ka6i parall4hlou@ e25inai, a3i loipa6i e2uqe5iai 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ 24esontai: 2ep' e2uqe4ia@ 24ara 2est6in 3h YQ t5hj QX. p5asa d6e e2uqe5ia 2en 3en4i 2estin 2epip4edwj: 2en 3en6i 24ara 2epip4edwj 2est6i t6o UBXGF pent4agwnon. -L4egw d4h, 34oti ka6i 2isog4wni4on 2estin. -2Epe6i g6ar e2uqe5ia gramm6h 3h NO 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o R, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h OR <2<24estin 24ara 3w@ sunamf4otero@ 3h NO, OR pr6o@ t6hn ON, ^+^ o34utw@ 3h NO pr6o@ t6hn OR>2>, 24ish d6e 3h OR t5hj OS <2<24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h SN pr6o@ t6hn NO, o34utw@ 3h NO pr6o@ t6hn OS>2>, 3h NS 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o O, ka6i t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h NO: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn NS, SO tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NO. 24ish d6e 3h m6en NO t5hj NB, 3h d6e OS t5hj SF: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn NS, SF tetr4agwna tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NB: 34wste t6a 2ap6o t5wn FS, SN, NB tetrapl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NB. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o t5wn SN, NB 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ SB: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn BS, SF, tout4esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BF <1<2orq6h g6ar 3h 3up6o FSB gwn4ia>1>, tetrapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NB: dipl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h FB t5h@ BN. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h BG t5h@ BN dipl5h: 24ish 24ara 2est6in 3h BF t5hj BG. ka6i 2epe6i d4uo a3i BU, UF dus6i ta5i@ BX, XG 24isai e2is4in, ka6i b4asi@ 3h BF b4asei t5hj BG 24ish, gwn4ia 24ara 3h 3up6o BUF gwn4iaj t5hj 3up6o BXG 2estin 24ish. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3h 3up6o UFG gwn4ia 24ish 2est6i t5hj 3up6o BXG: a3i 24ara 3up6o BXG, BUF, UFG ^+^ tre5i@ gwn4iai 24isai 2all4hlai@ e2is4in. 2e6an d6e pentag4wnou 2isople4urou a3i tre5i@ gwn4iai 24isai 2all4hlai@ 25wsin, 2isog4wnion 24estai t6o pent4agwnon: 2isog4wnion 24ara 2est6i t6o BUFGX pent4agwnon. 2ede4ixqh d6e ka6i 2is4opleuron: t6o 24ara BUFGX pent4agwnon 2is4opleur4on 2esti ka6i 2isog4wnion, ka4i 2estin 2ep6i mi5a@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@ t5h@ BG. 2e6an 24ara 2ef' 3ek4asth@ t5wn to5u k4ubou d4wdeka pleur5wn t6a a2ut6a kataskeu4aswmen, sustaq4hseta4i ti sx5hma stere6on 3up6o d4wdeka pentag4wnwn 2isople4urwn te ka6i 2isogwn4iwn periex4omenon, 36o kale5itai dwdek4aedron. -De5i d6h a2ut6o ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in t5hj doqe4ishj ^-^ ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h to5u dwdeka4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apotom4h. -2Ekbebl4hsqw g6ar 3h YO, ka6i 24estw 3h YW: sumb4allei 24ara 3h OW t5hj to5u k4ubou diam4etrwj, ka6i d4ixa t4emnousin 2all4hla@: to5uto g6ar d4edeiktai 2en t5wj paratele4utwj qewr4hmati to5u 3endek4atou bibl4iou. temn4etwsan kat6a t6o W: t6o W 24ara k4entron 2est6i t5h@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ perilambano4ush@ t6on k4ubon, ka6i 3h WO 3hm4iseia t5h@ pleur5a@ to5u k4ubou. 2epeze4uxqw d6h 3h UW. ka6i 2epe6i e2uqe5ia gramm6h 3h NS 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai kat6a t6o O, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h NO, t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn NS, SO tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NO. 24ish d6e 3h m6en NS t5hj YW, 2epeid4hper ka6i 3h m6en NO t5hj OW 2estin 24ish, 3h d6e YO t5hj OS. 2all6a m6hn ka6i 3h OS t5hj YU, 2epe6i ka6i t5hj RO: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn WY, YU tripl4asi4a 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NO. to5i@ d6e 2ap6o ^+^ t5wn WY, YU 24ison 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ UW: t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ UW tripl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NO. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ perilambano4ush@ t6on k4ubon dun4amei triplas4iwn t5h@ 3hmise4ia@ t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@: prod4edeiktai g6ar k4ubon sust4hsasqai ka6i sfa4iraj perilabe5in ka6i de5icai, 34oti 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei triplas4iwn 2est6i t5h@ pleur5a@ to5u k4ubou. e2i d6e 34olh t5h@ 34olh@, ka6i <2<3h>2> 3hm4iseia t5h@ 3hmise4ia@: ka4i 2estin 3h NO 3hm4iseia t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@: 3h 24ara UW 24ish 2est6i t5hj 2ek to5u k4entrou t5h@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ perilambano4ush@ t6on k4ubon. ka4i 2esti t6o W k4entron t5h@ sfa4ira@ t5h@ perilambano4ush@ t6on k4ubon: t6o U 24ara shme5ion pr6o@ t5hj 2epifane4iaj 2est6i t5h@ sfa4ira@. 3omo4iw@ d6h de4icomen, 34oti ka6i 3ek4asth t5wn loip5wn gwni5wn to5u dwdeka4edrou pr6o@ t5hj 2epifane4iaj 2est6i t5h@ sfa4ira@: perie4ilhptai 24ara t6o dwdek4aedron t5hj doqe4ishj sfa4iraj. -L4egw d4h, 34oti 3h to5u dwdeka4edrou pleur6a 24alog4o@ 2estin 3h kaloum4enh 2apotom4h. -2Epe6i g6ar t5h@ NO 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetmhm4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h RO, t5h@ d6e OC 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetmhm4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h OS, 34olh@ 24ara t5h@ NC 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h RS. o35ion 2epe4i 2estin 3w@ 3h NO pr6o@ t6hn OR, 3h OR pr6o@ t6hn RN, ka6i t6a dipl4asia: t6a g6ar m4erh to5i@ ^+^ 2is4aki@ pollaplas4ioi@ t6on a2ut6on 24exei l4ogon: 3w@ 24ara 3h NC pr6o@ t6hn RS, o34utw@ 3h RS pr6o@ sunamf4oteron t6hn NR, SC. me4izwn d6e 3h NC t5h@ RS: me4izwn 24ara ka6i 3h RS sunamfot4erou t5h@ NR, SC: 3h NC 24ara 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon t4etmhtai, ka6i t6o me5izon a2ut5h@ tm5hm4a 2estin 3h RS. 24ish d6e 3h RS t5hj UF: t5h@ 24ara NC 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h UF. ka6i 2epe6i 3rht4h 2estin 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ ka4i 2esti dun4amei triplas4iwn t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@, 3rht6h 24ara 2est6in 3h NC pleur6a o25usa to5u k4ubou. $-^P205^-^L0^ <3<####***P####-----<00> ###13AP### ##17##-----<00> -3Rht6h g6ar 3h AB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G, ka6i 24estw me5izon t6o AG. proske4isqw d6e 3h AD 3hm4iseia t5h@ AB. 3rht6h 24ara ka6i 3h AD. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asion t6o 2ap6o GD to5u 2ap6o DA, a3i GD, DA 24ara 3rhta4i e2isin dun4amei m4onon s4ummetroi. 2apotom6h 24ara 3h AG. 3rht6h d6e 3h AB. t6o d6e 2ap6o 2apotom5h@ par6a 3rht6hn paraball4omenon pl4ato@ poie5i 2apotom4hn: 2apotom6h 24ara 2est6in 3h BG. 3ek4ateron 24ara t5wn AG, GB 2apotom4h 2estin 3o: prosarm4ozousa d6e t5h@ m6en AG 3h AD, t5h@ d6e GB 3h GD.>3> $-^P180^-^L10^ ####XIII#### ###PROP### ##17##-2e6an d6e 3rht6h gramm6h 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon tmhq5hj, 3ek4ateron t5wn tmhm4atwn 24alog4o@ 2estin 2apotom4h. -3H UF 24ara pleur6a o25usa to5u dwdeka4edrou 24alog4o@ 2estin 2apotom4h. ##17^1^Por^2##-----P4orisma -2Ek d6h to4utou faner4on, 34oti t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@ 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h to5u dwdeka4edrou pleur4a. 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##18##-------ih41 -T6a@ pleur6a@ t5wn p4ente sxhm4atwn 2ekq4esqai ka6i sugkr5inai pr6o@ 2all4hla@. -2Ekke4isqw 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 3h AB, ka6i tetm4hsqw kat6a t6o G 34wste 24ishn e25inai t6hn AG t5hj GB, kat6a d6e t6o D 34wste diplas4iona e25inai t6hn AD t5h@ DB, ka6i gegr4afqw 2ep6i t5h@ AB 3hmik4uklion t6o AEB, ka6i 2ap6o t5wn ^+^ G, D t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqwsan a3i GE, DZ, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i AZ, ZB, EB. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AD t5h@ DB tripl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BD. 2anastr4eyanti 3hmiol4ia 24ara 2est6in 3h BA t5h@ AD. 3w@ d6e 3h BA pr6o@ t6hn AD, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AZ: 2isog4wnion g4ar 2esti t6o AZB tr4igwnon t5wj AZD trig4wnwj: 3hmi4olion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BA to5u 2ap6o t5h@ AZ. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei 3hmiol4ia t5h@ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@; 3h AZ 24ara 24ish 2est6i t5hj pleur5aj t5h@ puram4ido@. -P4alin, 2epe6i diplas4iwn 2est6in 3h AD t5h@ DB, tripl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BD. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BD, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ: tripl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BZ. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei triplas4iwn t5h@ to5u k4ubou pleur5a@. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: 3h BZ 24ara to5u k4ubou 2est6i pleur4a. -Ka6i 2epe6i 24ish 2est6in 3h AG t5hj GB, dipl5h 24ara 2est6in 3h AB t5h@ BG. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BG, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BE: dipl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BE. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ ^+^ dun4amei diplas4iwn t5h@ to5u 2okta4edrou pleur5a@. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ doqe4ish@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: 3h BE 24ara to5u 2okta4edrou 2est6i pleur4a. -24Hxqw d6h 2ap6o to5u A shme4iou t5hj AB e2uqe4iaj pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 3h AH, ka6i ke4isqw 3h AH 24ish t5hj AB, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h HG, ka6i 2ap6o to5u Q 2ep6i t6hn AB k4aqeto@ 24hxqw 3h QK. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h HA t5h@ AG: 24ish g6ar 3h HA t5hj AB. 3w@ d6e 3h HA pr6o@ t6hn AG, o34utw@ 3h QK pr6o@ t6hn KG, dipl5h 24ara ka6i 3h QK t5h@ KG. tetrapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KG: t6a 24ara 2ap6o t5wn QK, KG, 34oper 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ QG, pentapl4asi4on 2esti to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KG. 24ish d6e 3h QG t5hj GB: pentapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GK. ka6i 2epe6i dipl5h 2estin 3h AB t5h@ GB, 35wn 3h AD t5h@ DB 2esti dipl5h, loip6h 24ara 3h BD loip5h@ t5h@ DG 2esti dipl5h. tripl5h 24ara 3h BG t5h@ GD: 2ennapl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GD. pentapl4asion d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GK: me5izon 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ GK to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GD. me4izwn 24ara 2est6in 3h GK t5h@ GD. ke4isqw t5hj GK 24ish 3h GL, ka6i 2ap6o to5u L t5hj AB pr6o@ 2orq6a@ 24hxqw 3h LM, ka6i 2epeze4uxqw 3h MB. ka6i 2epe6i pentapl4asi4on 2esti t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BG to5u 2ap6o t5h@ GK, ka4i 2esti t5h@ m6en BG dipl5h 3h AB, t5h@ d6e GK dipl5h 3h KL, pentapl4asion 24ara 2est6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KL. 24esti d6e ka6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei pentaplas4iwn t5h@ 2ek to5u k4entrou to5u k4uklou, 2af' o35u t6o e2ikos4aedron 2anag4egraptai. ka4i 2estin 3h AB 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@: 3h KL ^+^ 24ara 2ek to5u k4entrou 2est6i to5u k4uklou, 2af' o35u t6o e2ikos4aedron 2anag4egraptai: 3h KL 24ara 3ecag4wnou 2est6i pleur6a to5u e2irhm4enou k4uklou. ka6i 2epe6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ s4ugkeitai 24ek te t5h@ to5u 3ecag4wnou ka6i d4uo t5wn to5u dekag4wnou t5wn e2i@ t6on e2irhm4enon k4uklon 2eggrafom4enwn, ka4i 2estin 3h m6en AB 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@, 3h d6e KL 3ecag4wnou pleur4a, ka6i 24ish 3h AK t5hj LB, 3ekat4era 24ara t5wn AK, LB dekag4wnou 2est6i pleur6a to5u 2eggrafom4enou e2i@ t6on k4uklon, 2af' o35u t6o e2ikos4aedron 2anag4egraptai. ka6i 2epe6i dekag4wnou m6en 3h LB, 3ecag4wnou d6e 3h ML: 24ish g4ar 2esti t5hj KL, 2epe6i ka6i t5hj QK: 24ison g6ar 2ap4exousin 2ap6o to5u k4entrou: ka4i 2estin 3ekat4era t5wn QK, KL diplas4iwn t5h@ KG: pentag4wnou 24ara 2est6in 3h MB. 3h d6e to5u pentag4wnou 2est6in 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou: e2ikosa4edrou 24ara 2est6in 3h MB. -Ka6i 2epe6i 3h ZB k4ubou 2est6i pleur4a, tetm4hsqw 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon kat6a t6o N, ka6i 24estw me5izon tm5hma t6o NB: 3h NB 24ara dwdeka4edrou 2est6i pleur4a. -Ka6i 2epe6i 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ 2ede4ixqh t5h@ m6en AZ pleur5a@ t5h@ puram4ido@ dun4amei 3hmiol4ia, t5h@ d6e to5u 2okta4edrou t5h@ BE dun4amei diplas4iwn, t5h@ d6e to5u k4ubou t5h@ ZB dun4amei triplas4iwn, o34iwn 24ara 3h t5h@ sfa4ira@ di4ametro@ dun4amei 34ec, toio4utwn 3h m6en t5h@ puram4ido@ tess4arwn, 3h d6e to5u 2okta4edrou tri5wn, 3h d6e to5u k4ubou d4uo. 3h m6en 24ara t5h@ puram4ido@ pleur6a t5h@ m6en to5u 2okta4edrou pleur5a@ dun4amei 2est6in 2ep4itrito@, t5h@ d6e to5u k4ubou dun4amei dipl5h, 3h d6e to5u 2okta4edrou t5h@ to5u k4ubou dun4amei 3hmiol4ia. a3i m6en o25un e2irhm4enai t5wn tri5wn sxhm4atwn pleura4i, l4egw ^+^ d6h puram4ido@ ka6i 2okta4edrou ka6i k4ubou, pr6o@ 2all4hla@ e2is6in 2en l4ogoi@ 3rhto5i@. a3i d6e loipa6i d4uo, l4egw d6h 34h te to5u e2ikosa4edrou ka6i 3h to5u dwdeka4edrou, o24ute pr6o@ 2all4hla@ o24ute pr6o@ t6a@ proeirhm4ena@ e2is6in 2en l4ogoi@ 3rhto5i@: 24alogoi g4ar e2isin, 3h m6en 2el4attwn, 3h d6e 2apotom4h. -34Oti me4izwn 2est6in 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou pleur6a 3h MB t5h@ to5u dwdeka4edrou t5h@ NB, de4icomen o34utw@. -2Epe6i g6ar 2isog4wni4on 2esti t6o ZDB tr4igwnon t5wj ZAB trig4wnwj, 2an4alog4on 2estin 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BZ, o34utw@ 3h BZ pr6o@ t6hn BA. ka6i 2epe6i tre5i@ e2uqe5iai 2an4alog4on e2isin, 24estin 3w@ 3h pr4wth pr6o@ t6hn tr4ithn, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ pr4wth@ pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ deut4era@: 24estin 24ara 3w@ 3h DB pr6o@ t6hn BA, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ DB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ: 2an4apalin 24ara 3w@ 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BD, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BD. tripl5h d6e 3h AB t5h@ BD: tripl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BD. 24esti d6e ka6i t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ DB tetrapl4asion: dipl5h g6ar 3h AD t5h@ DB: me5izon 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AD to5u 2ap6o t5h@ ZB: me4izwn 24ara 3h AD t5h@ ZB: poll5wj 24ara 3h AL t5h@ ZB me4izwn 2est4in. ka6i t5h@ m6en AL 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h KL, 2epeid4hper 3h m6en LK 3ecag4wnou 2est4in, 3h d6e KA dekag4wnou: t5h@ d6e ZB 24akron ka6i m4eson l4ogon temnom4enh@ t6o me5izon tm5hm4a 2estin 3h NB: me4izwn 24ara 3h KL t5h@ NB. 24ish d6e 3h KL t5hj LM: ^+^ me4izwn 24ara 3h LM t5h@ NB <22>. poll5wj 24ara 3h MB pleur6a o25usa to5u e2ikosa4edrou me4izwn 2est6i t5h@ NB pleur5a@ o24ush@ to5u dwdeka4edrou: 34oper 24edei de5icai. $-^P205^-^L9^ <3<####PBVq####-----<00> ###13AP### ##18## <00> -24Allw@ 34oti me4izwn 2est6in 3h MB t5h@ NB. -2Epe6i g6ar dipl5h 2estin 3h AD t5h@ DB, tripl5h 24ara 3h AB t5h@ BD. 3w@ d6e 3h AB pr6o@ t6hn BD, o34utw@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB pr6o@ t6o 2ap6o t5h@ BZ di6a t6o 2isog4wnion e25inai t6o ZAB tr4igwnon t5wj ZDB trig4wnwj. tripl4asion 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ BZ. 2ede4ixqh d6e t6o 2ap6o t5h@ AB to5u 2ap6o t5h@ KL pentapl4asion. p4ente 24ara t6a 2ap6o t5h@ KL tris6i ^+^ to5i@ 2ap6o t5h@ ZB 24isa 2est4in. 2all6a tr4ia t6a 2ap6o t5h@ ZB 36ec t5wn 2ap6o t5h@ NB me4izon4a 2estin. ka6i p4ente 24ara t6a 2ap6o t5h@ KL 36ec t5wn 2ap6o t5h@ NB me4izon4a 2estin. 34wste ka6i 36en t6o 2ap6o t5h@ KL 3en6o@ to5u 2ap6o t5h@ NB me5iz4on 2estin. me4izwn 24ara 3h KL t5h@ NB. 24ish d6e 3h KL t5hj LM. me5izwn 24ara 3h LM t5h@ NB. poll5wj 24ara 3h MB t5h@ BN me4izwn 2est4in: 34oper 24edei de5icai. 34oti d6e tr4ia t6a 2ap6o t5h@ ZB 36ec t5wn 2ap6o t5h@ BN me4izon4a 2estin, de4icomen o34utw@: 2epe6i g6ar me4izwn 2est6in 3h BN t5h@ NZ, t6o 24ara 3up6o t5wn ZBN me5iz4on 2esti to5u 3up6o BZN. t6o 24ara 3up6o ZBN met6a to5u 3up6o BZN me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion to5u 3up6o BZN. 2all6a t6o m6en 3up6o ZBN met6a to5u 3up6o BZN t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZB 2estin, t6o d6e 3up6o BZN t6o 2ap6o t5h@ NB 2estin. t6o 24ara 2ap6o t5h@ ZB to5u 2ap5o t5h@ BN me5iz4on 2estin 26h dipl4asion. 34en 24ara t6o 2ap6o t5h@ ZB d4uo t5wn 2ap6o BN me5iz4on 2estin. 34wste ka6i tr4ia t6a 2ap6o t5h@ ZB 36ec t5wn 2ap6o BN me4izon4a 2estin: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^>3> $-^P185^-^L5^ ####XIII#### ###PROP### ##18^1^a^2##-L4egw d4h, 34oti par6a t6a e2irhm4ena p4ente sx4hmata o2u sustaq4hsetai 34eteron sx5hma periex4omenon 3up6o 2isople4urwn te ka6i 2isogwn4iwn 24iswn 2all4hloi@. -3Up6o m6en g6ar d4uo trig4wnwn 26h 34olw@ 2epip4edwn stere6a gwn4ia o2u sun4istatai. 3up6o d6e tri5wn trig4wnwn 3h t5h@ puram4ido@, 3up6o d6e tess4arwn 3h to5u 2okta4edrou, 3up6o d6e p4ente 3h to5u e2ikosa4edrou: 3up6o d6e 36ec trig4wnwn 2isople4urwn te ka6i 2isogwn4iwn pr6o@ 3en6i shme4iwj sunistam4enwn o2uk 24estai stere6a gwn4ia: o24ush@ g6ar t5h@ to5u 2isople4urou trig4wnou gwn4ia@ dimo4irou 2orq5h@ 24esontai a3i 36ec t4essarsin 2orqa5i@ 24isai: 34oper 2ad4unaton: 34apasa g6ar stere6a gwn4ia 3up6o 2elass4onwn 26h tess4arwn 2orq5wn peri4exetai. di6a t6a a2ut6a d6h o2ud6e 3up6o plei4onwn 26h 36ec gwni5wn 2epip4edwn stere6a gwn4ia sun4istatai. 3up6o d6e tetrag4wnwn tri5wn 3h to5u k4ubou gwn4ia peri4exetai: 3up6o d6e tess4arwn 2ad4unaton: 24esontai g6ar p4alin t4essare@ 2orqa4i. 3up6o d6e pentag4wnwn 2isople4urwn ka6i 2isogwn4iwn, 3up6o m6en tri5wn 3h to5u dwdeka4edrou: 3up6o d6e tess4arwn 2ad4unaton: o24ush@ g6ar t5h@ to5u pentag4wnou 2isople4urou gwn4ia@ 2orq5h@ ka6i p4emptou, 24esontai a3i t4essare@ gwn4iai tess4arwn 2orq5wn ^+^ me4izou@: 34oper 2ad4unaton. o2ud6e m6hn 3up6o polug4wnwn 3et4erwn sxhm4atwn perisxeq4hsetai stere6a gwn4ia di6a t6o a2ut6o 24atopon. -O2uk 24ara par6a t6a e2irhm4ena p4ente sx4hmata 34eteron sx5hma stere6on sustaq4hsetai 3up6o 2isople4urwn te ka6i 2isogwn4iwn periex4omenon: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ##18^1^a^2##-----L5hmma -34Oti d6e 3h to5u 2isople4urou ka6i 2isogwn4iou pentag4wnou gwn4ia 2orq4h 2esti ka6i p4emptou, o34utw deikt4eon. -24Estw g6ar pent4agwnon 2is4opleuron ka6i 2isog4wnion t6o ABGDE, ka6i perigegr4afqw per6i a2ut6o k4uklo@ 3o ABGDE, ka6i e2il4hfqw a2uto5u t6o k4entron t6o Z, ka6i 2epeze4uxqwsan a3i ZA, ZB, ZG, ZD, ZE. d4ixa 24ara t4emnousi t6a@ pr6o@ to5i@ A, B, G, D, E to5u pentag4wnou gwn4ia@. ka6i 2epe6i a3i pr6o@ t5wj Z p4ente gwn4iai t4essarsin 2orqa5i@ 24isai e2is6i ka4i e2isin 24isai, m4ia 24ara a2ut5wn, 3w@ 3h 3up6o AZB, mi5a@ 2orq5h@ 2esti par6a p4empton: loipa6i 24ara a3i 3up6o ZAB, ABZ mi5a@ e2isin 2orq5h@ ka6i p4emptou. 24ish d6e 3h 3up6o ZAB t5hj 3up6o ZBG: ka6i 34olh 24ara 3h 3up6o ABG to5u pentag4wnou gwn4ia mi5a@ 2estin 2orq5h@ ka6i p4emptou: 34oper 24edei de5icai. ^+^